Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 2079 840502 826382 2026-05-27T17:14:41Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Vote now in the 2026 U4C election */ sabon sashe 840502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma/Header}} == Neman Ra’ayi kan Sabon Proposal: Inganta Hausa Wikiquote == Assalamu alaikum al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia, Ina so na sanar da ku cewa na gabatar da wani proposal a shirin tallafin (Nigeria National Funding Program) domin inganta aikin Hausa Wikiquote wanda yake a Incubator tun a shekarar 2022 amma har yanzu ba a amince da shi a matsayin cikakken Wikimedia project ba. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 18:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== == Buƙatar Sake Amincewa da Ni a Matsayin Admin == Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Bayan cikar wa’adin watanni shida na hidimatawa a matsayin Admin na Hausa Wikimedians User Group kamar yadda tsarin ƙungiya ya tanada, ina miƙa buƙatata ga al’umma domin a sake duba yiwuwar ba ni wannan dama na wani sabon zango. Ina da ƙuduri da niyyar ci gaba da ba da gudummawata domin bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia tare da kiyaye gaskiya, adalci da haɗin kai. Ina roƙon al’umma da su sake ba ni amincewa domin ci gaba da hidima. Na gode da lokacinku da kulawarku. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 13:29, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] na amince sosai tare da goyan baya akan wannan kudiri me kyau [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 20:51, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) === Support === :@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]]na amince domin kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:03, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :na amince don ka cigaba da muhimmiyar aiki da ka faro wata shida da suka wuce. Allah ya kara basira da kwarin gwiwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:07, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya sosai, hakan ƙarin ci gaba ne a Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 13:41, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) * Ina goyon baya sosai akan hakan. Wannan cigaba ne ga Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya [[User:Hauwau sulaiman|Hauwau sulaiman]] ([[User talk:Hauwau sulaiman|talk]]) 13:52, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) * Ina goyon bata dari bisa dari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:56, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) *Ina goyon baya saboda wannan edita ya sake zama admin saboda ya cancanta kuma sake ba shi wannan damar zai ƙara haɓaka maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 20:26, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa da Neman Goyon Baya == Barka da wannan lokaci Ina fatan kuna lafiya, zanyi amfani da wannan damar domin in sanar daku cewa muna shirin gudanar da campaign mai take "Wikipedia Pages Every Wikipedia should have", idan Allah ya yarda. Dan haka muke sanar daku tare da neman shawarar ku. Wannan campaign din zai kawo cigaba a ɓangaren ƙirƙira tare da inganta muƙalu da ake buƙata a Hausa Wikipedia. Nagode [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:43, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Allah ya bada nasara ya kuma sa a cimma manufa [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 07:11, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Support Hakan na da Karanci dan haka wannan abu me kyau ne kwarai kuma muna goyon bayan Allah ya bada saa [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.206.75|105.112.206.75]] 09:18, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :* support Allah ya bada saa muna goyon baya :[[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:20, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Enah goyan bayanka [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] domin wanan campaign din zai kawo mana cigaba a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:47, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaban al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 07:38, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' hakan yayi kuma yana da kyau, Allah ya bada sa'a da nasara akai [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 08:25, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) Support Hakika wannan wani ci gaba be muna goyan baya dari Bisa dari domin cigaan al'uumar wikipedia Baki daya mahmud maby (talk) 12:05 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan haka dari bisa dari domin zai kawo ci gaba sosae a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 13:31, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ''' Support''' Ina goyon bayan yin hakan Allah ya tabbatar da alkhari. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:06, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan fatan Allah ya ba da Nasara [[User:Mamman Ali|Mamman Ali]] ([[User talk:Mamman Ali|talk]]) 21:23, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ~~Ina goyan bayan hakan Allah ytabbatar da Alkairi~~ == Hausa Community Streets vox pop campaign== Barkan kuda wannan lokacin. Ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa. muna shishirye shiryen kawo muku campaign Wanda zaiyi hira da mutanen arewacin nigeria akan yadda suka san Wikipedia da kuma yadda suma zasu fara gyara a cikinta. inda zaayi vidiyo din interview din a watsa a duniyar yanar gizo domin kowa ya gani kuma ya iya anfani dashi. a matsayina na content creator mai tasowa wannan damace sosai gamu hausawa baki daya. muna goyan bayanku zuwa wannan lokaci. mungode. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 08:04, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) #[[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:36, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Muna goyon bayan wannan kamfe saboda shine na farko a wannan manhaja ta Hausa, hakika zai kawo cigaba ga jama'a. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:39, 29 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) Sanarwa da Neman Goyan baya [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 11:50, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == WikiAcademics - Fadada Wikimedia a Jami'o'in Arewacin Najeriya == Assalamu alaikum, Kungiyar Hadaka Open Learning Network tana jagorantar wani aikin tallafi na Wikimedia Community Fund mai taken '''WikiAcademics''': Fadada Wikimedia a Jami’o’in Arewacin Najeriya". Manufar aikin: * Ƙarfafa ɗalibai da malaman jami’o’i su shiga aikin Wikipedia. * Samar da horo da koyarwa domin bunkasa rubuce-rubuce a Hausa Wikipedia. Cikakken bayani da aikace-aikace [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/WikiAcademics:Expanding_Wikimedia_in_Northern_Nigerian_Universities_(ID:_23544402) Na Nan]. Ku shiga, ku bada ra’ayi, ku taimaka wajen bunƙasa ilimi! '''Hadaka Open Learning Network''' === Sanarwa da neman goyon baya === Assalamu alaikum yan uwa da abokan arziki editoci na Hausa Wikipedia. Ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku tare da neman goyon baya da shawarwari game da wani Rapid Grant mai taken '''Preserving Bauchi’s History and Culture Through Reliable Knowledge Creation on Wikimedia.''' da nake nema. Manufar wannan aiki ita ce tattara da rubuta tarihi da al'adu game da abinda ya shafi Bauchi da ta hanyar inganta tsofaffin muƙaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin, bayanai, da hotuna a kan dandalan Wikimedia. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa tarihi da al’adun Bauchi sun samu tsari kuma sun kasance a bude ga kowa a duniya. [[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 06:58, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks == Assalamualaikum Ina maku Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwa editors da kuma shuwagabannin wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikimedis tare da fatan kowa yana lafiya amin. Bayan haka, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu shirya wani proposal mai taken:'''Wiki Green in Northern Nigeria: Documenting Hausa Native Plants On Wikimedia Commons Through Photo Walks''' da fatan zamu samu shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, harda ma gyare-gyaren ku. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 08:19, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ==Hausa Wiktionary Harmonization and Community Initiative Activities== Barkan mu,ina mai farin cikin gayyatarku zuwa wurin shirin dazamu gudanar na cigaban aikin mu dan habaka Hausa Wiktionary ta hanyar inganta kalmomi wanda ya kunshi daura hoto,daura Audio da wasu sabbin ayyuka ma kamar su Synonym da Anagrams.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 23:20, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] An fidda lokaci da wuri? [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 09:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) ::Yanzu hakadai project din yana under review,kome ake ciki zamu sanar daku nan gaba. [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 13:36, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :::Ok nayi zatan har funding anyi, naji kace "gayyata". Na fahimta yanzu. Kamar neman goyon baya kenan ko? To Allah ya tabbatar da hakan ina goyon baya. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:40, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) ::::Ga link din discussion page domin nuna goyon baya:https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants_talk:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Hausa_Wiktionary_Harmonization_and_Community_Initiative_Activities_(ID:_23550226)&action=edit&redlink=1. Nagode [[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 12:20, 4 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Sanarwa akan biki zagayowar shekara ta wikidata == Barkan mu da war haka. Ina mai farin chikin sanar da jama'ar wannan tafiya ta wikipedia Hausa cewa muna kokarin kaddamar da bukata na neman tallafi don gudanar da wayar da kai akan wikidata a Adamawa da kuma Nasarawa dafatan Allah ya bamu nasara Amin. [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 01:48, 31 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia Voice For All == Barkan ku da wannan lokacin. Inama editocin Hausa fatan Alkhairi. nazo na sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen kawo muku campaign na mata a Wikipedia Hausa saboda haryanzu mun rasa kwararrun editoci mata a shafin mu, wanda idan muka duba wasu shafin Wikipedia zamuga yadda mata suke taka rawar gani sosai. da fatan wannan taro namu me taken Wikipedia Voice For All zai kawo cigaba ga matan mu editors. nagode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:59, 3 Satumba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan shirin saboda karfafa mata akan ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma samun kwararrun editoci mata da masu wakilci ta bangaren mata. Allah ya bada Sa'a. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 21:06, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC) '''Support''' Ina goyon bayan wannan yunƙuri na karfafa muradin mata da bayyana tarihin su a Wikipedia. Na jima da ganin yadda gudummawar mata ke ƙaranci a cikin babbar kundin ilimi na duniya. Lokaci ya yi da za a gyara hakan. Allah ya Bada sa'a [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 21:03, 6 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Global discussion on Welcome messages == <div lang{{=}}"en" dir{{=}}"ltr">Sorry that this message is in English. {{int:please-translate}}. There is a request for comment at [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests for comment/Welcoming policy]] on a proposal to forbid sending [[:m:welcome messages|welcome messages]] to users who have not made an edit, which is currently in practice at your wiki. Your comment on this matter would be appreciated.</div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:38, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for reaching out, the welcome messags sent by new user have Tutorials on it, for new users it's better for them know how to edit on our Wiki first before practicing it in order to avoid violations. :Thank you @[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] for reaching out. The welcome messages sent to new users contain tutorials. For new users, it's better for them to learn how to edit on our wiki first before practicing, in order to avoid violations. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 09:29, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:DreamRimmer/MMS_list&oldid=29262336 --> == Murnar zagayowar Shakarar Wikidata a Gombe Network == Assalamu alaikum Muna farin cikin sanar da ku cewa Gombe Network zata yi murnar zagayowar shekarar wikidata ta goma sha uku, kuma muna so mu yi amfani da wanna rana don fassara abubuwan wikidata zuwa yaren Hausa. Muna neman fatan alkhairi da kuma shwawarwari daga wannan alummah mai albarka. mun gode [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 17:00, 15 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Mai sauya uwar garken - Za a karanta wiki-kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci nan ba da daɗewa ba == <section begin="server-switch" /><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Karanta wannan saƙon a wani yaren]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] za'a gwada chanji tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai na farko dana sakandare. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa Wikipedia da sauran wikis na wikimedia na iya tsayuwa akan yanar gizo koda bayan wata ruɗani Duk zirga-zirga za su kunna '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|ha}}'''. Gwajin zai fara daga karfe '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Abin takaici, saboda wasu iyakoki na cikin [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], dole a dakata da duk gyararraki dole ne a yayin da muke yin sauyin. Muna neman afuwa game da wannan tsaiko, kuma muna aiki don raguwarsa nan gaba. Za a nuna wata tuta a kowace wikis mintina 30 kafin wannan aikin ya faru. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Zaka iya karantawa, amma banda gyara, a duka wikis na wani ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.''' *Ba za ku iya yin wani gyara ba har na tsawon awa ɗaya a ranar {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|ha}}. *Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gyara ko ajiyewa awannan lokacin, zaku ga saƙon kuskure. Muna fatan cewa babu gyara da za ayi asara awannan lokacin, amma ba za mu iya tabbatar muku ba. Idan ka ga sakon kuskuren, to don Allah a jira har komai ya koma daidai. Sannan ne zaku samu damar adana gyaran ku. Amma, muna ba da shawara cewa ku kwafe canje-canjen ku tun daga farko, idan da hali. ''Wasu sakamakon'': *Ayyukan bango zasu Kasance a hankalu kuma wasu za'a iya ajiye su. Tana iya kasancewa hanyoyin hadin masu kalar-ja ba zasu dawo ba da sauri kamar yadda aka saba. Idan ka kirkiri labarin da aka riga aka danganta shi a wani wuri, hanyar hadi zata zauna a kalar-ja fiye da yadda aka saba. Dole ne a tsaida duk wasu rubutuka masu daɗewa * Muna sa ran tura lambar za ta faru kamar kowane mako. Koyaya, wasu daskarewar lamba-by-case na iya faruwa akan lokaci idan aikin ya buƙaci su daga baya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] ba zai kasance ba na kusan mintuna 90. Ana iya jinkirta wannan aikin dangane da yadda hali ya bada Za ka iya karanta tsarin a [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Za a sanar da duk wanu canji na wannan jadawalin. '''Ayi kokarin yadda wannan bayanin tare ga jama'ar ku.'''</div><section end="server-switch" /> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Satumba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == Neman Ci Gaba Da Zama Mai Gudanarwa == Assalamu alaikum yan’uwa masu bada gudunmawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika ina daga cikin masu gudanarwa (administrators) a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, kuma ga shi wa'adin gudanarwata yana dab da ƙarewa, hakan ta sanya make fatan ci gaba da wannan aiki domin kula da tsari, tsafta, da kuma kare wannan shafi daga duk wani abin da zai iya kawo cikas ga ci gabansa. Saboda haka nake neman goyon bayan ku da amincewar ku domin in ci gaba da zama mai gudanarwa (administrator). Goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni da kuma al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia gaba ɗaya. Na gode. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 22:42, 26 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * :Ina bada goyon baya dari bisa dari [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 05:35, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * :'''Support''' Ina mai bayyana goyon bayana a bisa ci gaba da kasancewrsa admin a Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A&#39;isha A Ibrahim|A&#39;isha A Ibrahim]] ([[User talk:A&#39;isha A Ibrahim|talk]]) 13:40, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' hakika ka kasa ce edita mai bada gudummawa sosai a Hausa Wikipedia, dan haka sake baka wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ga shafin Hausa Wikipedia na bunƙasa shi, dan haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:54, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Tabbas Ina goyon bayan ka sake kasancewa Admin a karo na biyu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 07:52, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Ina goyon baya sosai domin cigaba da kula da ayyukan editici da kuma kawo cigaba wajan gyara ayyukan da suka saɓa ƙa'ida. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 12:11, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Ina matukar goyon bayan wannan shawara ta sake zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia,sabi da ka kasance cikakken mai bada gudunmawa a Wikimedia baki daya don haka ina goyon bayan.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 13:16, 27 Satumba 2025 (UTC) * Lallai wannan edita jajirtaccen ne wurin bada gudunmawa a wannan shafi na Wikipedia da sauran ƴan uwanta, ina goyon bayan ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai gudanarwa a wannan shafi '''Support''' [[User:Hamza DK|Hamza DK]] ([[User talk:Hamza DK|talk]]) * Ina goyan bayan samun wannan dama a karo na biyu. Hakan karin jawo cigaba ne ga Hausawa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) * '''Support''' ina goyan bayan ka dan sake zama Admin saboda irin gudummawar da kake bayarwa.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 05:20, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *:Ina bada goyan baya akan ka zama mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewa da kuma gudunmawa da kake badawa a manhajar Wikipedia musamman a bangaren yaren Hausa. [[User:Captain1044|Captain1044]] ([[User talk:Captain1044|talk]]) 11:46, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Neman Goyon Bayan Zama Mai Gudanarwa (Administrator) == Salam, Dafatan kuna lafiya Yan uwa. ina mai neman goyon bayanku. na kasance mai gyara gyare a Wikipedia musan man ta Hausa tun 2019. inada sha'awar gyare gyare musan man akan abunda ya shafi ka'idojin rubutu, gaba dake tsakanin rubutu, saka manazarta da kuma gyara fassarori zuwa ga tabbacciyar ingantaciyar rubutu wanda za'a iya karantawa. Ina neman goyon bayanku. nagode. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 13:15, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :* '''Strongly Support SS ''' [[User:Omoty77|Omoty77]] ([[User talk:Omoty77|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*:Gaskiya enah goyon bayan [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] kazama Admin sabo da ɗadewan da kayi kana bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 07:05, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :* '''Support''', ƙwararren edita ne kuma yana da kishi. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin. :[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 18:53, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Walaikumus Salam ɗan uwa. Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina goyon bayan wannan editan ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan alkhairi [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 13:34, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina go yan baya dari bisa dari. Saboda mun yaba da yanda yake jajircewa wajen wayan ma sababbin editors Kai da kuma basu gudun mawa wajen basu Illumin da yakamata wajen yin ingan tacen editing yada yakamata. ([[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 20:33, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)) * '''Support''' Gaskiya ina goyon bayan ka dan zama Admin dari bisa dari domin gudummawar da kake badawa a wikipedia.[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 04:25, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) * '''Support''' Tabbas wannan babban edita ya cancanci ya zama edita domin ya daɗe yana bada gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, sannan yana da gurin bunƙasa maƙalolin shafin Hausa Wikipedia, bashi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce gare mu baki ɗaya na cigaba da bunƙasa shafin Hausa Wikipedia, dan Haka ina goyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:41, 3 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' ƙwararren edita ne da ya daɗe yana bada gudummowa. Ina goyon bayan zaman sa admin.[[User:Abubakr1111|Abubakr1111]] ([[User talk:Abubakr1111|talk]]) 11:00, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) * {{s}} Tabbas Hausa Wikipedia na bukatan kwararrun editoci wanda suka dade suna bada gudummawa da jajircewa wajen kawo cigaba a wannan shafi. Saboda haka ina goyon bayan haka.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:21, 4 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *:* ''' Support''' Ina goyan bayan bama wannan editan admin ganin dacewar shi da kuma dadewar shi yana bada gudunmawa *:[[User:Sadauki11|Sadauki11]] ([[User talk:Sadauki11|talk]]) 14:20, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin karo na biyu == Assalam, da fatan kuna lafiya. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku akan sabunta wa'adin zama Admin a karo na biyu domin kula da nagartaccin ayyuka da kuma tankaɗe ayyuka masu kyau. Nagode.. Bissalam. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 13:36, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Support ina mai goyon bayan haka 100% duba da irin koqsrin dakake na ganin an inganta muqalu da jajircewa gurin koyarda sabbin editors [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:24, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan sosai domin inganta hausa Wikipedia. Tabbas hakan zai kawo ci gaba [[User:Najeebbabi|Najeebbabi]] ([[User talk:Najeebbabi|talk]]) 13:42, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon baya 100% domin jajirtaccen aikin da kakeyi a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Moherhh|Moherhh]] ([[User talk:Moherhh|talk]]) 13:47, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' Ina goyon baya saboda jajircewa da kwazo na wannan edita. *Support [[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 15:19, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)Ina goyon bayan hakan saboda kwazo da jajircewa wannan editan *'''Support''' Ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari *'''Support'''' Ina goyon baya [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 15:51, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *’’’Support’’’ Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa dari saboda hazaka da jajircewar wannan editan *'''Support''': Tabbas ina goyon bayan sake kasancewarka mai gudanarwa saboda irin jajircewarka wajen ganin an tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia daga dukkan wani koma baya. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 19:33, 7 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :*'''Support''' support 100% [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 09:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) *'''Support''' ina goyan bayan sosai, domin cigaba da ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) == Ku fadi ra'ayinku: zaben 2025 Kwamitin Amintattu == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Barkan mu, Lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu]] ya buɗe. 'Yan takara na neman kujeru biyu (2) a Kwamitin. Don duba cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a, da fatan za a ziyarci [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|shafin cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a]]. Ƙara koyo game da su ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|karanta bayanan aikace-aikacen su da kallon bidiyon takararsu]]. Lokacin da kun shirya, ku je zuwa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|shafin zabe na SecurePoll don kada kuri'a]]. '''Za a buɗe zaɓe daga 8 ga Oktoba a 00:00 UTC zuwa Oktoba 22 a 23:59 UTC.''' Gaisuwa mafi kyau, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Shugaba, Kwamitin Zabe<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:42, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Sanarwa tare da neman goyon baya == Ƴan'uwa masu daraja dafatan kuna lafiya, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wiki Loves Africa 2026 In Kebbi and Niger insha Allah, muna neman goyon bayan ku tare da haɗin kai da kuma shawarwarin da kuke ganin ya dace nagode. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 04:55, 21 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Kakaranta muƙalar da ƙyau kafin ka wallafa ta == Assallamu'alaikum malam [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] Sannu da ƙokari kalura da abin da kake fassarawa kafin ka wallafa, wanan muƙalan mai suna [[Labarin inganci abinci na Tarayyar Turai: Tarihin sauye-sauyen]] bata da Ma'ana ko ƙadan kaje ka inganta ta dan Allah in koma baga inganta ta ba zan gogeta nan da kwana biyu nagode [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 14:00, 22 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikifunctions will be deployed on your wiki on 2025-11-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi all, we want to let you know that [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] is coming to your project soon! When enabled, you will be able to call functions from your project, and integrate them in your articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output. Think of adding up two numbers, or converting miles into metres, or calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. This is usually done with templates that are complicated to create or to import. With Wikifunctions, you will be able to do this with just a couple of clicks! Please check out [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|these tutorials]] for more details. You’re also invited to [[:f:Special:CreateObject|create functions]] that you find useful, or [[:f:Wikifunctions:Suggest a function|ask for help from the Wikifunctions community]]. We would like to invite you to contribute to Wikifunctions, by translating the existing functions labels into your language, so that more users in your community can more easily reuse them on the project. You can also translate the messages for the Wikifunctions interface on TranslateWiki ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-ve&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for VisualEditor messages], and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-wikilambda-user&filter=%21translated&action=translate here for the Wikifunctions interface proper]). Of course, we are happy to help in case there are questions or difficulties, and we are ready to listen to your feedback. Please ping me directly in case of necessity or reach out to me [[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|on my talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> --[[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Hi all, unfortunately due to a technical problem we couldn't deploy Wikifunctions on your project. We will keep you updated about the next date of deployment. Thanks for your comprehension! [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:57, 6 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=29517140 --> == Neman masu sa kai don shiga da dama daga cikin kwamitocin motsi. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kowace shekara, yawanci daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, da yawa daga cikin kwamitocin motsi suna neman sabbin masu sa kai. Kara karantawa game da kwamitocin akan shafukansu na Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kwamitin Alaƙa (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Hukumar Ombuds (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kwamitin Binciken Harka (CRC)]] Aikace-aikacen kwamitocin suna buɗe 30 Oktoba 2025. Aikace-aikace don Kwamitin Alaƙa, da kuma aikace-aikacen Hukumar Ombuds kuma Kwamitin Binciken Harka ya rufe 11 Disamba 2025. Koyi yadda ake nema ta [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|ziyartar shafin alƙawari akan Meta-wiki]]. Aika zuwa shafin magana ko imel cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org tare da kowace tambaya da kuke da ita. Ga Tawagar Taimakon Kwamitin, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Sanarwa da neman goyon baya ko shawara == Assalamu Alaikum, Yan'uwa editocin Wikipedia, dafatan kuna lafiya, ina amfani da wannan damar domin na sanar da ku shirin mu na Wikipedia birthday @ 25 karkashin Kaduna Network, shirin zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa wasu daga cikin makalolin Hausa Wikipedia da sauran su, dafatan zaku bamu goyon baya da haɗin kai [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 19:10, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Duplicate articles == Hello, this would be entirely in English as I do not speak or understand Hausa. These two articles are about the same topic, and I think they could be merged together: [[Ganuwar Benin]] and [[Benin Moat]]. I will suggest merging the contents of [[Ganuwar Benin]] into [[Benin Moat]] or whichever works best. Pinging editors who I think could handle this, anyone else could: {{ping|Uncle Bash007|Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Gwanki|Pharouqenr}} Thank you, and happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:18, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you @[[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] i have noticed it, and [[Ganuwar Benin]] is more reliable than [[Benin Moat]]. So i have deleted [[Benin Moat]] now. And thank you for reaching out and wishing you all the best. :<nowiki></nowiki> [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 07:30, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] You could redirect [[Benin Moat]] to [[Ganuwar Benin]], since it is more or less the English name, instead of nuking it entirely. ::Happy editing! [[User:Vanderwaalforces|Vanderwaalforces]] ([[User talk:Vanderwaalforces|talk]]) 07:31, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Sanarwa, akan Zamar Karshen shekara a Gombe Network == Muna sanar da jama'ar mu chewa Wikimedia User Group Nigeria, Gombe Network, tana kokarin neman tallafi na gudanar da zaman karshen shekara don kara sanayya da fihimta game da shiryeshiryen mu na shekara mai zuwa [[User:Umar2z|Umar2z]] ([[User talk:Umar2z|talk]]) 21:36, 14 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) == Neman admin akaro na biyu == {{Atop|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:21, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC)}} Ina neman goyon bayanku domkn kasancewa admin akaro na biyu domin cigaba da tabbatar da ayyuka na gari da kuma bada gudumuwa ta hanyar taimakon editoci. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 10:52, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) ===Support=== #'''Support''' Tabbas ina goyon baya sosai. Hakan zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 11:07, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) #'''Support''' Haƙiƙa wannan edita ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin editocin dake ƙoƙarin bunƙasa shafukan Hausa Wikipedia, tabbas sake ba shi wannan damar wata babbar nasara ce ta cigaba da tsaftace maƙalolin dake Hausa Wikipedia tare da inganta su dan haka ina goyon baya. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:15, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) #'''Goyan baya''' Ina mai goyan bayan ba ka damar mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu, duba da hakan zai taimaka wajen kara kawo cigaba da ma tsaftace Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # Ina Goyan bayan hakan Dari bisa Dari domin cigaban Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) 23:27, 2 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) {{Abot}} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Neman Zama Admin Ƙaro Na Biyu == {{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:48, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Ina fatan kuna cikin ƙushien lafiya. Enah Wannan rubutu nawa ne domin sake gabatar da buƙatata karo na biyu na samun damar zama Admin a Hausa Wikipedia. A baya na riga na gabatar da irin wannan buƙata, kuma a wannan karo ina ƙara jaddada sha’awata da ƙudirin da nake da shi na ci gaba da yi wa Hausa Wikipedia hidima. Na dade ina ba da gudunmawa ta hanyar ƙirƙira, gyarawa da inganta muƙaloli, tare da taimakawa sababbin masu gyara su fahimci ka’idoji da tsarin aikin Wikipedia. Ina da cikakken shiri da niyyar ɗaukar nauyin da ke tattare da matsayin Admin, musamman wajen kula da muƙaloli, da dakile masu lalata muƙala, da tabbatar da ingancin bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina roƙon Editors din Hausa Wikipedia da su sake duba wannan buƙata ta tare da ni, tare da ba ni wannan dama idan sun ga na cancanta. Zan yi farin cikin karɓar duk wata shawara ko gyara da za ta taimaka wajen inganta aikina Nagode. [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 09:46, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) :Ni [[User:Umar-askira| Umar-askira]] ina mai goyon bayan ka domin zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia saboda jajurcewar ka wajen inganta rubutan Hausa a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. Fatan Allah ya bada nasara ameen. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 17:23, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== #ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 20:42, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) #Ina goyon baya sosai... hakan zai kawo cigaba [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 20:49, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # enah goyan bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyi sabo da jajir cewanka [[User:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&#39;u lawal ardo|talk]]) 21:06, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) #Kasancewar ka edita mai bada gudummawa a kusan koda yaushe, ina goyon baya domin sake baka damar zai ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 22:07, 29 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # Ina goyon Bayan ka sake Zama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajircewar ka Hakan Zai Kara kawo cigaba sosae[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 22:14, 29 Disamba 2025 # ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia domin yana kawo wa [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 05:16, 30 Disamba 2025 (UTC) # enah goyan bayanka kazama Admin karo na biyu sabo da ƙoƙarin da kake yi [[User:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|Asma,u Khamis hussaini]] ([[User talk:Asma,u Khamis hussaini|talk]]) 17:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Ifteehern|Ifteehern]] ([[User talk:Ifteehern|talk]]) 17:25, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya sosai sabida zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:29, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon baya, Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 17:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina goyan bayan kazama admin a karo na biyu saboda jajir cewarka [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:42, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyan bayan kasancewar ka a matsayin mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu a sakamakon irin jajircewa da gudummawar da kake bayarwa domin tsaftace shafin Hausa Wikipedia. [[User:A Sulaiman Z|A Sulaiman Z]] ([[User talk:A Sulaiman Z|talk]]) 18:22, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon bayan sake dawowar ka... Allah ya taimaka. [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 18:30, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == Neman Admin a karo na biyu == {{Archive top|Akwai goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 20:47, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na biyu domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:00, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === #Ina goyon byan hakan domin zai kawo cigaba a wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 18:13, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #ina mai goyon bayen hakan domin hakan zai kawo cigaba gaba sosai a wikipedia [[User:Mahmud maby|Mahmud maby]] ([[User talk:Mahmud maby|talk]]) 21:11, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 22:03, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina Mai goyan bayan hakan #ina gonyon baya dari bisa dari dan zai kawo kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 22:06, 6 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina mai bada goyon baya dari bisa dari akan wannan domin zai kawo cigaba sosai. [[User:Abdoulmerlic|Abdoulmerlic]] ([[User talk:Abdoulmerlic|talk]]) #'''Support''', duba da irin gudunmawarka a ko yaushe, hakan zai kawo cigaba wajen ciyar da Hausa Wikipedia gaba. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # Ina goyon baya Dari bisa Dari [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 11:49, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai.... [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 12:35, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon bayan ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 12:41, 7 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) Ina Goyan bayan hakan domin zaya kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Khalifah123|Khalifah123]] ([[User talk:Khalifah123|talk]]) #[[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari zaikawo muna cigaba sosai [[User:Abdulrahman tahir shika|Abdulrahman tahir shika]] ([[User talk:Abdulrahman tahir shika|talk]]) 17:24, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # ina gonyan baya dari bisa Dari kazamu admin Dan kawo cigaba a Wikipedia [[User:Fateemah usman|Fateemah usman]] ([[User talk:Fateemah usman|talk]]) 17:33, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:49, 9 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #'''SUPPORT'''...Ina goyon bayan wannan Kuduri [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:45, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == Sanarwa == Muna sanar da al’ummar Hausa Wikipedia game da shirin '''Celebrating International Women’s Day Through The Wikimedia Projects 2026''', wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa wakilcin mata da haɓaka gudunmawar su a ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a harshen Hausa. Muna maraba da ra’ayoyi da shawarwari daga al’umma. [[User:Sirjat|Sirjat]] ([[User talk:Sirjat|talk]]) 11:20, 8 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == ==Logo don murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25== {{Atop|Akwai goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 16:18, 22 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)}} [[File:WP25 potential birthday logo-ha.svg|link=|thumb|right|280px|Logon murnar cikar Wikipedia shekaru 25]] A cikin wannan watan Wikipedia ke cika shekaru ashirin da biyar da kafuwa. Inason yin amfani da wannan lokaci domin taya daukacin editocin Hausa Wikipedia murnar cikar wannan shekaru. Wannan babbar nasara ce garemu baki daya. Saboda murnar wannan lokacin, ina son mu canza logon mu domin taya Wikipedia murna. A nan gefe zaku iya ganin sabon hoton logon murnar, wanda aka fassara da Hausa daga logon Turanci wanda Gidauniyar Wikimedia ta bada saboda murnar zagayowar lokacin. Idan kuna goyon bayan haka sai ku rubuta a nan ƙasa. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:03, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === # Ina goyon baya sosai domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 18:49, 10 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 08:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Yayi kyau, ina goyon baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 09:00, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #'''Support''' ina goyon baya [[User:Ibkt|Ibkt]] ([[User talk:Ibkt|talk]]) 13:49, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai, ina kuma taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekaru 25. [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 05:41, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon Baya domin taya Wikipedia murnar cika shekara 25[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 13:33, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) {{Abot}} == SANARWA TARE DA NEMAN GOYON BAYA == Assalamu alailum, inaso nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na shaida maku muna shirin gudanar da taron Wikipedia a jihar Niger insha Allah, wanda shirin zai bunƙasa shafukan Wikipedia da kuma yan'uwanta, sannan shirin zai bunƙasa samar da sabbin esitoci a Hausa Wikipedia. Allah ya bamu sa'a da nasara [[User:Umar A Muhammad|Umar A Muhammad]] ([[User talk:Umar A Muhammad|talk]]) 12:26, 11 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum editoci masu albarka,fatan muna cikin koshin lafiya Allah yasa haka ne amin. Ina mai amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku da neman goyon bayanku game da kasancewa na admin a manhajar Hausa Wikipedia. In a fatan mu cigaba da kasancewa lafiya amin ya Rabbal alamin. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 10:52, 13 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === # Ina goyon baya.. Allah ya bada Sa'a [[User:Jidda3711|Jidda3711]] ([[User talk:Jidda3711|talk]]) 16:05, 14 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya. I support [[User:Anasysmart|Anasysmart]] ([[User talk:Anasysmart|talk]]) 07:12, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyan baya 100% ..Allah ya taimaka [[User:Saudarh2|Saudarh2]] ([[User talk:Saudarh2|talk]]) 09:59, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayanka kazama Admin sbd jajircewanka a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:14, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa == assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa na editors, Ina sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal game da '''Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausaal Local Health Knowledge for All: Building Hausa Medical Content on Wikipedia Hausa'''. Idan akwai shawarwari ko ƙarin bayani a shirye nake da yin amfani da su. Nagode sosai. @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 20:22, 15 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) muna goyan bayan sa saboda jajir ciwar shi [[User:Musa650|Musa650]] ([[User talk:Musa650|talk]]) 07:19, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Sanarwa da neman goyon baya == Barkann mu da wannan lokacin yan'uwana editoci, muna shirin gudanar da wani taro nan bada jimawa ba a jihar Plateau, dan haka nake sanar da ku tare da neman shawarwarin ku da kuma goyon bayan ku, Nagode [[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] ([[User talk:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|talk]]) 20:25, 17 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwatarwa == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ina rubuto maka ne domin sanar da kai cewa an buɗe lokacin bitar shekara-shekara na Universal Code of Conduct da Ka’idojin Aiwtarwa. Kana iya ba da shawarwari kan sauye-sauye har zuwa 9 ga Fabrairu, 2026. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko cikin jerin matakai da za a ɗauka domin bitar shekara-shekara. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Karanta ƙarin bayani kuma ka samu tattaunawa da za ka shiga a shafin UCoC a Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Daidaita Aiwatar da Universal Code of Conduct]] (U4C) wata ƙungiya ce ta duniya da ta sadaukar da kai wajen tabbatar da adalci da daidaitaccen aiwatar da UCoC. Wannan bitar shekara-shekara an tsara ta kuma an aiwatar da ita ne ta hannun U4C. Don samun ƙarin bayani da kuma fahimtar nauyin da ke kan U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kana iya duba Kundin Tsarin U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan bayanin zuwa ga wasu mambobi a cikin al'ummarku inda ya dace. -- A cikin haɗin gwiwa da U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|tattaunawa]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Sanarwa game da shirin kaddamar da project na WikiFemme Learning Lab in Bauchi == Assalamu alaikum, Muna sanar da fara aikin WikiFemme Learning Lab In Bauchi, wani aikin Rapid Fund daga Wikimedia Community Fund da ke nufin ƙarfafa mata su shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Wikipedia. Aikin zai ba da horo da tallafi don mata su koyi gyara da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ilimi, tare da rage gibi a wakilcin mata a cikin abun da ke kan Wikipedia. Muna gayyatar al’umma su ba da shawarwari da goyon baya domin tabbatar da nasarar wannan aiki da ƙara tasirinsa a Bauchi da kewaye. Na gode. [[User:Santa MMD|Santa MMD]] ([[User talk:Santa MMD|talk]]) 22:02, 27 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects == Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa da shuwagabanni da ƴan uwa Editors na wannan manhajar cewa, zamu rubuta proposal game da "'''Saving the Knowledge of Endangered Hausa Expressions and Idioms Through Wikimedia Projects'''" muna neman goyon baya da kuma shawarwarin ku, Nagode sosai.@[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:19, 29 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == Lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum sanunku da warhaka, ina shirya neman Wikimedia Rapid Fund don aiki a kan inganta **bayanan lafiyar mata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia**. Aikin, *"Bridging Women’s Health Knowledge in Hausa,"* zai ƙunshi fassara labarai masu kyau daga Wikipedia ta Ingilishi zuwa Hausa, wanda ya shafi batutuwa kamar lafiyar uwa, lafiyar haila, lafiyar haihuwa, da cututtukan da ke shafar mata. Muna kuma shirin ɗaukar nauyin horo ta hanyar intanet da kuma aikin editing don tallafawa sabbin editoci da ƙwararru wajen koyon yadda ake fassara da inganta abubuwan lafiya ta amfani da nassoshi masu inganci. Wannan shiri zai faɗaɗa samun ingantattun bayanai game da lafiya a cikin Hausa Wikipedia musamman ga mata, sa' anan zai rage gibin ilimi da ke da alaƙa da lafiyar mata, da kuma ƙarfafa janyo sabin edtoci zuwa shiga cikin al'ummar Hausa Wikimedia. Muna maraba da ra'ayoyin al'umma kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, sha'awar shiga a matsayin edita ko mai ba da shawara, da duk wani shawarwari da za su iya taimakawa wajen inganta wannan aiki. Ra'ayoyinku za su taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa aikin ya cika buƙatun al'umma kuma yana da tasiri mai ma'ana. [[User:Umabruka|Umabruka]] ([[User talk:Umabruka|talk]]) 20:54, 1 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 == Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 11:26, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Neman Zama Admin A Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa domin tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci a wannan manhaja ta Hausa Wikipedia.[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 22:49, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) ===Support=== #Ina goyon baya sosai. Fatan nasara [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 23:05, 7 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:45, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #:ina Mai goyon Baya Dari bisa Dari[[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 05:08, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon bayan zaman wannan ƙwararren edita ya zama admin a Hausa Wikipedia, domin ina da tabbacin zai taimaka da ƙara bunƙasa maƙalolin da ke Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbin maƙaƙolin, dan haka ina hoyon baya [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:11, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 # Ina Matugar Nuna goyon baya akan hakan [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-85864-0|&#126;2026-85864-0]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-85864-0|talk]]) <span style=" color:Green ; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Muktee1494</span> # ina goyon baya don inganta wikipedia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 06:31, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya don kwazo day jajircewar wannan edita[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 08:19, 8 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) #inagoyon baya dari bisa dari Allah yataimaka[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 21:36, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Wikimedia knowledge sharing in America University of Nigeria == Assalamu alaikum jama,a naxo ne domin in sanar da ku cewa na shirya wani aiki da zai wayar da kan jama'a game da harkar Wikimedia a Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya. Dake garin Adamawa Aikin yana da nufin wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukan Wikimedia da horar da sabbin editoci kan yadda za su ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia. Ina neman goyon bayanku da shawarwarinku domin samun nasarar aikin. na gode. [[User:Baby juuu|Baby juuu]] ([[User talk:Baby juuu|talk]]) 15:16, 9 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) :Sannu da kokari, amma babu cikakken bayani game da aikin dan haka bamu san wacce irin shawara zamu bayar ba. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 13:19, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Campaign in Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria == assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:00, 10 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) :Wa'alaika Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Ko zamu iya samun ƙarin bayani game da gangamin? Yana da kyau a rinka saka cikakken bayani saboda kada a samu hadaka wajen gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 13:21, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] An dakatar da maganar wannan aiki sai nan gaba. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 14:23, 17 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Wiki For Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games == Assalamualaikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabanni da ƴan uwana editoci na wannan manhajar, ina mai sanar da ku cewa zan rubuta proposal mai taken '''Wiki for Indigenous Games: Documenting Traditional Hausa Games'''. Ina mai neman goyon bayan ku da shawarwarin ku.Nagode@[[User:Salahu Gwanki|Salahu Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Salahu Gwanki|talk]]) 18:39, 15 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Taron Infectious Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria on Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu alaikum muna sanar maku da fara shirye shiryen campaign mai suna Diseases and Public Health in Nigeria. Domin ingantawa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da suka shafi fannin lafiya. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 15:54, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Shirye shiryen taron Women and Culture Awareness in Nigeria 2026 == Assalamu Alaikum ina farin cikin sanar daku cewa muna shirye shiryen gudanar da gasa da kuma taro akan wayar da kai game da Mata da kuma al'adu a Najeriya. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 16:47, 12 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Taron karawa juna sani na administrators == Assalam, Ina mai farin cikin sanarwa cewa zamu gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na masu kula da shafukan Hausa Wikipedia don kara gogewa game da ayyukan kula da shafukan Wikipedia. Wannan taro zai nunawa admin muhimmancin aikinsu musamman a wannan lokaci da bayanan karya ke da saukin yaduwa. Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 16:30, 13 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State == Assalaalaikum, Barka da wannan lokaci ƴan uwana editoci da shuwagabannin wannan manhajar ta Hausa Wikipedia, inama kowa fatan alheri. Bayan haka, ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu rubuta proposal game da '''Building Wikidata Skills Among Emerging Wikimedians in Kano State''' insha Allahu. Muna neman shawarwarin ku da neman goyon bayan ku, da kuma ƙarin haske ko bayani. Nagode sosai, Sanarwa daga @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 15:59, 14 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa == Assalamu alaikum ƴan'uwa masu albarka, ina amfani da wannan damar domin sanar da ku shirin mu na gudanar da taro a makarantun gaba da secondary a Daura, wannan wannan shirin insha Allah zai buƙasa maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia, Wikidata, sanya hotuna masu inganci uwa uba tare da samar da sabbin editoci masu sa kai a shafukan Hausa Wikipedia da ƴan'uwanta, ina neman goyon bayan ku. Na gode daga Yusuf Sa'adu [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 11:11, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 22:24, 17 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-03-19_Wikipedias&oldid=30274835 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|hira]])</bdi> 11:15, 19 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == Shirye shiryen taron Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria == Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar daku cewa mun fara shirye-shiryen gudanar da "campaign dinmu na Educational Development, Challenges, and Key Figures in Nigeria". Wannan taron zai kara inganta Hausa Wikipedia akan muƙalu da suka shafi Ilimi. Nagode [[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) 14:01, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Wiki For Women-Focused Digital Skills, Photo Walks, and Audio Recording in Kaduna Hausa Communities == Assalamu alaikum yan uwa masu albarka na wannan gida, in yiwa kowa fatan alkhair sannan ina man barka da wannan lokaci. Ina son nayi amfani da wannan damar domin sanar daku cewa, zan gudanar da taron karawa juna ilimi kamar yadda taken shi yake a sama. Ina mai neman goyon bayanku da kuma bada shawarwari da zasu ciya da wannan aiki gaba. Na gode sannan Allah Uban Giji ya saka wa kowa da alkhairi. Bissalam. [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 15:30, 22 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Hausa Wikipedia User Retention Workshop == Salamu Alaikum warahmatullah. yan uwa masu albarka. ina mana fatan alkahiri da kuma fatan an gama Azumi kuma anyi Sallah lafiya. mafi yawan cin lokaci muna hada taruka kuma muna kawo sabbin editoci.amma da an gama taron ko gasar shikenan saika ga wannna sabbin editocin sun daina gyara da kuma rubutu a Wikipedia. wannna matsala ce babba. muna da sama da editoci dubu arbain amma bamu da tsayyen editoci ko dari biyar. wannna taron zaiyi gyara akan haka. ina mai neman goyon bayanku dan wannan aiki. nagode sosai. ku bada shawarwarinku a kasan wannan rubutun. [[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 07:00, 24 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Sanarwa Da Neman Goyon Baya == Assalamualaikum ƴan uwa da abokan arziki editor's na wannan gida mai Albarka ina yima kowa fatan Alkairi tare da fatan kowa yayi bikin sallah lafiya,ina mai amfani da wannan dama wajen neman goyon bayan ku akan proposal dana nema mai taken Documentin and Enhancing Agricultural and Environmental Vocabulary on Hausa Wiktionary . Wannan project zai cike gibin da muke dashi na karancin kalmomin da suka danganci noma da muhalli a Hausa Wiktionary. Bissalam mu kwana lafiya Allah ya sadamu da Alkairan sa.[[User:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|Ibrahim Sani Mustapha]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim Sani Mustapha|talk]]) 19:49, 28 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Kamfe na Wikiquote a Daura == Assalam, ina mai farin cikin sanar da ku cewa zamu gudanar da kamfe don wayar da kai game da WIkiquote a Daura a wannan zagaye. Da fatan zaku bamu gudummawa. Nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 06:48, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Northern Nigeria Emirates Photowalk == Salam, yan uwa. Ina mai farin cikin sanar daku photo walk da mukeso a manyan masarautun mu na Arewa. Domin samun damar taskance su a Wikimedia. Sanin mune masauratun mu a shekarun nan sun samu sauye sauye. Musan man Zaria da Kano. Ina Mai neman goyon bayanku mun gode.<span style="white-space:nowrap;text-shadow:#009200 0.3em 0.4em 1.0em,#009200 -0.2em -0.2em 1.0em;color:#009200"><b>Aliyu shaba</b></span>]]^{[[User talk:Aliyu shaba|<span style="color:#ff0000"><b>Talk</b></span>]]} 17:02, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons == Assalamualikum Barka da wannan lokaci shuwagabannin wannan manhajar da ƴan uwansa editors Ina farin cikin sanar da ku cewa na rubuta proposal game da '''Preserving Community Culture Through Images on Wikimedia Commons''' wanda insha Allahu za'a gudanar da shi a Jihar Adamawa. Muna neman. Nagode sosai @[[User:M Bash Ne|M Bash Ne]] ([[User talk:M Bash Ne|talk]]) 22:20, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Wikimedia Awareness for educated/elite women in Northern Nigeria == Assalamu Alaikum, Ina mai mika gaisuwa ta girmamawa ga daukacin 'yan uwan wannan shafi. Na rubuta wannan wasika ne domin gabatar da shirinmu a hukumance, wanda zamu tsara domin fadakarwa da kuma karfafa gwiwar mata masana da masu ilimi a fadin Arewacin Najeriya. Babban burin wannan aiki shi ne samar da karin mata editoci a Wikipedia daga yankinmu, tare da daukaka matsayin mata wajen rike mukaman shugabanci a karkashin gidauniyar Wikimedia. Ta hanyar wannan horo, mahalarta za su samu kwarewa ba kawai a fannin gyara Wikipedia ba, har ma da karfin gwiwar taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tafiya. [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_National_Funding_Program/Wikimedia_Awareness_for_educated/elite_women_in_Northern_Nigeria]] [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 11:49, 2 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Neman Kasancewa Admin a karo na Uku == Assslamu Alaikum, ina neman goyon bayanku domin kasancewa mai gudanarwa a karo na uku domin cigaba da tantance ayyuka, da kuma bada tallafi ga sabbin editoci. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 20:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) === Support === #Ina goyon baya domin cigaban wikipidia[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 21:19, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #Ina goyon Bayan Hakan Dari bisa Dari Domin cigaban Wikipedia[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 21:30, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #ina mai goyon bayan hakan dari bisa dari dan kawo cigaba. [[User:Muhdavdullahi|Muhdavdullahi]] ([[User talk:Muhdavdullahi|talk]]) 21:27, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) #[[User:Sardeeq|Sardeeq]] ([[User talk:Sardeeq|talk]]) ina goyon baya Dari bisa dari #Ina goyon baya sosai. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 21:38, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyen bayen hakan dari Bisa dari domin zai kawo cigaba sosai ~~ #Ina goyon baya ɗari bisa ɗari [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 22:18, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Don cigaba da tsabtacewa gami da bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia, muna bukatar jajirtattu irinka.Lallai ina goyon bayan hakan [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) # enah goyon bayan kazama Admin karo nabiyu sbd jajircewan ka akan Kula da mukaloli a Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 04:55, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # ina goyon bayan hakan dari bisa Dari sosai sosai[[User:Abusule dankofa|Abusule dankofa]] ([[User talk:Abusule dankofa|talk]]) 05:28, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai domin Yana kawo cigaba sosai a Wikipedia [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 05:57, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Tabbas ka kasance daga cikin jajirtaccin Admins a Hausa Wikipedia, faruwar hakan nasara ce babba a wannan man haja. Fatan Alkhairi. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 06:13, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) # Ina goyon baya sosai saboda gudummawar da kake bayarwa a matsayin mai gudanarwa. [[User:Nassmart1|Nassmart1]] ([[User talk:Nassmart1|talk]]) 06:16, 9 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:57, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Community Portal]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> on0qluh44rj8bxaom4gqekcz1tg3n0w 0 2370 841403 721719 2026-05-28T10:11:50Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Meeting_with_Bipartisan_Congressman_on_U.S._Air_Strike_Against_Libya.jpg with [[File:Meeting_with_Bipartisan_Congressman_on_U.S._Air_Strike_Against_Libya_in_Oeob_Room_208_with_Congressman_Bob_Dole_Robert_Byrd_Bob_Michel_Richard_Lugar_and_George_ 841403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Martyrs’ Square, Tripoli (6815600736).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Martyrs Square Tripoli, Libya]] [[File:Theodorias(libya).jpg|thumb|wasu abubuwan tarihin libya]] [[File:Libyan Desert - 2006.jpg|thumb|libya]] [[Fayil:Libya 4985 Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|Sahara a libya]] [[Fayil:Map of Libya and Egypt (1977).svg|thumb|taswirar libya]] Kasar '''Libya''' tana daya daga cikin kasashen, dake Arewacin [[Afirka|Afirika]], kuma tanada iyaka da kasashe guda shida (6) su ne:- [[File:Libya in its region.svg|left|thumb|220px|Map of Libya]] * Daga gabashin kasar, [[Misra]]. * daga kudu maso gabashi, [[Sudan]]. * Daga kudu, [[Cadi]], da [[Nijar]]. * [[Fayil:Libya 4432 Ghadames Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|Libya]]Daga yammaci, [[Aljeriya]].daga arewa maso yammaci, [[Tunis]]. [[Fayil:Libya (centered orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Libya]] Libya kasar [[larabawa]] ce kuma tana daga cikin kungiyar tarayyar [[Afirka|Afirika]] kuma tana daya daga yan kungiyan kasashen [[larabawa]] da kungiyar kasashen [[musulunci]], har zuwa yau [https://web.archive.org/web/20120711143657/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/2004/FileZ/XL/T33.HTM ita] 'yar kungiyar kasashen [[Arewacin Cove, Washington|Arewacin]] Nahiyar [[Afirka]] ce, kuma yar kungiyar kasashen da suke da man fetur ne. Kasar Libya babbar kasa ce a wurin fadin Kasa amma sai dai mafi yawan kasar [[Sahara]] ce, Iyakar libya takai 1,759,540 km2 tanada babban iyaka da teku. Shugaban kasar daya shahara shine [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. Sunan "Libya" sunan 'yan asali ne kuma ya bayyana a cikin tsoffin rubutun Masar kamar "R'bw" ko "Liboe," yana nufin ɗaya daga cikin kabilar Berber da ke zaune a yammacin kogin Nilu. Sunan Girkanci na waɗannan kabilu shine "Libiya," kuma sunan ƙasar ya zama "Lybia," an fassara shi da "Libuee." A tsohuwar Girka, kalmar tana da ma'ana mai fa'ida, wanda ya mamaye dukkan Arewacin Afirka a yammacin Masar. [[File:Centre of Adjabiya, Libya.jpeg|thumb|Adjabiya libya]] [[File:Asida-Libya.JPG|thumb|abincin libya]] [[File:Libya of Tripoli.jpg|thumb|birnin tripoli na kasar libya]] [[File:The new University of Libya Dune.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar libya]] [[Fayil:Flag of Libya.svg|thumb|tutar libya]] [[Fayil:Libya w1 locator.svg|thumb|manuniyar libya]] <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897</ref> == Tarihi == '''Libya''' da harshen misrawan da, wannan suna ya samu ne daga kabilar ''libo'' da suke zaune A jihohin da suke tsakanin [[Misra]] da [[Tunisiya]]. [[Fayil:LIBYA-Tripoli.jpg|thumb|mazubban ruwa a libya]] dadin dadawa, akan kabilar ''libo'' kuma da akwai kabilu 'yan asalin Libya kaman Amazik da kabilar feneken. a karni na shida kafin haihuwar [[Annabi Isah]] daular kurtaja ta mamaye libya duk da karfinta Romawa sun kwace ta daga hannunsu, a karni na shida bayan haifuwar [[Annabi isah]] bizantinawa suka mamaye Libya. Kuma A karni na bakwai bayan haihuwar [[Annabi Isah]] sai [[larabawa]] suka shigo Libya [[File:C- Libya.jpg|thumb|mayakan Libya a wani karni]] . Libya ta samu ire-iren iko kamar haka:- * mulkin kafin tarihi. * lokacin fenekawa da Igregawa da rumawa * lokacin da Libya tana karkashin mulkin Amauiyawa da abbasiyawa a shekara ta [[644]] * lokacin mulkin turkawa [[1551]] zuwa [[1911]] * lokacin mulkin [[Italiya]] [[1911]] zuwa [[1943]] * lokacin mulkin Birtaniya da faransa [[1943]] zuwa [[1951]] * lokacin samun 'yancin kasa shi kuma ya rabe gida biyu 1 lokacin mulkin sarauta [[1951]] zuwa [[1969]] 2 mulkin [[Moammar Gadhafi|Moammar Gaddafi]] [[1969]] har yau Libya ta zama Jamhuriya tin 1977 [[File:Mohamed al-Menfi Summit of NAM Contact Group on fight against COVID-19 73 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mohamed al-Menfi shugaban kasar na yanzu]] <ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Libya</ref> <ref>http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistoriesResponsive.asp?ParagraphID=haj</ref> [[File:Libyan Money1.jpg|thumb|wasu daga cikin kudin libya]] == Mutanen kasar == [[File:Queen Fatima of Libya 002.jpg|thumb|Sarauniya Fatima ta libya]] [[File:Sudanese In Misrata libya.jpg|thumb|mutanen kasar Libya a wani taro]] Mutunen Libya sun kai adadin 6000,000 a sahile a arewacin kasar kabilolin Libya su ne, larabawa, [[barbarawa]], tubawa karaglawa ( hadin [[turkawa]] da [[larabawa]] ), [[Buzawa]] da 'yan tsurarun ( [[hausawa]] da [[Kanuri|bare-bari]] ). harshen [[larabci]] shi ne harshen kasar, larabcinsu yana da bambanci da sauran na kasashen [[larabawa]] kuma da akwai harsuna da yawa masu bambancin harshen ( [[Amazik]], [[Buzanci]] [[tubanci]] da harshen [[Hausa]] ) shi ne harshen kasuwanci a birnin [[sabha]] da ke a kudancin kasar . [[File:Meeting with Bipartisan Congressman on U.S. Air Strike Against Libya in Oeob Room 208 with Congressman Bob Dole Robert Byrd Bob Michel Richard Lugar and George Shultz - DPLA - e450b2d8c99202155f3e15a953e2e287.jpg|thumb|Hukumomin kasar libya]] == Addini== * yawancin yan Libya musulmai ne (97%) * sauran adadin (3%) kawai kiristoci da yahudawa ne. kuma Libya bata da shi'a samsam mabiya addinin yahudawa ( yahudawa ) yawancin su sun fita daga kasar bayan [[1967]] a yanzu saura 'yan tsirari a [[tirbule]] , Libya tana da 'yan tsirarun [[kyrke]] a [[tirbule]] da [[bangazi]] kuma suna da malamai [[kyrke]] daya yana [[Bangaze]] da zama == Jihohin Kasar == libya tanada jihohi talatin da biyu sune kamar haka:- {| border="0" width="100%" | colspan="2" | || rowspan="17" width="322" style="vertical-align: middle;" | [[File:Libya New Municipalities.png|320px]] |- | width="25%" | <small>1</small> [[Ajdabiya]] || width="35%" | <small>17</small> [[Ghat Municipality|Ghat]] || |- | <small>2</small> [[Al Butnan]] || <small>18</small> [[Ghadamis]] |- | <small>3</small> [[Al Hizam Al Akhdar]] || <small>19</small> [[Gharyan]] |- | <small>4</small> [[Al Jabal al Akhdar]] || <small>20</small> [[Murzuq]] |- | <small>5</small> [[Al Jfara]] || <small>21</small> [[Mizdah]] |- | <small>6</small> [[Al Jufrah]] || <small>22</small> [[Misratah]] |- | <small>7</small> [[Al Kufrah]] || <small>23</small> [[Nalut Municipality|Nalut]] |- | <small>8</small> [[Al Marj]] || <small>24</small> [[Tajura Wa Al Nawahi AlArba']] |- | <small>9</small> [[Al Murgub]] || <small>25</small> [[Tarhuna Wa Msalata]] |- | <small>10</small> [[An Nuqat al Khams]] || <small>26</small> [[Tarabulus]] ([[Tripoli]]) |- | <small>11</small> [[Al Qubah]] || <small>27</small> [[Sabha]] |- | <small>12</small> [[Al Wahat]] || <small>28</small> [[Surt]] |- | <small>13</small> [[Az Zawiyah Municipality|Az Zawiyah]] || <small>29</small> [[Sabratha Wa Surman]] |- | <small>14</small> [[Benghazi]] || <small>30</small> [[Wadi Al Hayaa]] |- | <small>15</small> [[Bani Walid]] || <small>31</small> [[Wadi Al Shatii]] |- | <small>16</small> [[Darnah Municipality|Darnah]] || <small>32</small> [[Yafran]] |} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Libya_5076_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|Tsarin dutse a cikin Tadrart Acacus File:Libyan_Desert_-_2006.jpg|Sahara a Libya File:Libya_5453_Leptis_Magna_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|Theater of Leptis Magna File:Temple_of_Zeus_Cyrene.jpg|Temple of Zeus, Kirene File:Seal_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_(Libya).svg|Hatimin Hatimin Jami'ar Kasa, Libya File:Ly-map.png|Taswirar kasar File:Libyan_Arabs.jpg|Larabawan Libya File:Karamanli_Mosque_-_Old_Market,_Tripoli,_Libya_-_panoramio.jpg|Masallacin Karamanli, da ke tsohuwar Kasuwa, Tripoli Libiya File:Alzahra_libya.jpg|Alzahra, Libya File:Libyan_woman_1873.jpg|Wata Mata daga Libya File:Flag_of_Libya.svg|Tutar kasar File:Street_view_from_Tripoli,_Libya_-_panoramio.jpg|Birnin Tripoli Libya </gallery> {{Afirka}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Afirka]] [[Category:Kasashen arewacin Afirika]] 66hw1qxy8zauqgkbpciiujhhgfgr12r 0 5881 840484 736476 2026-05-27T16:06:45Z ~2026-31663-86 45257 840484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|14}} [[File:HMSPinafore.png|thumb|upright|turawan Finafo]] [[Fayil:Webster Orthography 1828 (4-14).jpg|thumb|rubutattace]] [[Fayil:William Shakespeare - Sonnet XXX - Rapenburg 30, Leiden (cropped).JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:History of English.png|thumb|Tarihin turanci]] <ref>https://englishproficiency.com/blog/english-language-statistics-a-comprehensive-list</ref><ref>https://pushtolearn.com/post/english-speaking-countries</ref>'''Turanci:''' [[Harshe]] ne kuma yana daga cikin harsunan da ake amfani da su a nahiyar [[turai]] da ƙasashen dake yammacin [[duniya]], wato nahiyar [[Amurika|Amurka]] ta Arewa, shi ne yare na biyu mafi yawan ma su magana a faɗin duniya.<ref>Crystal, D. (2003). ''English as a Global Language'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>https://www.ethnologue.com</ref><ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/266808/the-most-spoken-languages-worldwide/</ref><ref>https://www.berlitz.com/blog/most-spoken-languages-world</ref> Turanci na ɗaya daga cikin yaren da ya kewaye duniya saboda kusan duk inda kaje a duniya kusan sai ka samu masu jin Turanci, a Turance ana kiran shi da (global language).<ref>Jenkins, J. (2020). ''World Englishes''. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. <nowiki>https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-25</nowiki></ref><ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/english-as-a-global-language-1692635. https://www.thoughtco.com/english-as-a-global-language-1692635.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.ucl.ac.uk/culture-online/case-studies/2022/mar/english-often-considered-de-facto-global-language</ref><ref>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/12/30/how-much-does-our-language-shape-our-thinking</ref><ref>https://englishlive.ef.com/en/blog/english-in-the-real-world/english-became-global-language/</ref> Turanci shi ne harshen majalisar ɗinkin duniya (MDD) da kuma wasu ƙasashen da Ƙasar Ingila ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, misali: [[Najeriya]] da [[Ghana|Gana]] da [[Indiya]] da sauran ƙasashe rainon [[Ingila]].<ref>https://www.un.org/en/our-work/official-languages</ref><ref>https://www.ungeneva.org/en/about/director-general/multilingualism/english-language-day</ref> [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|nojo|left]] [[File:English wikipedia map.png|thumb|upright=2|center|Kasashen da ake amfani da Turanci]] ==Manazarta:== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turanci}} [[Category:Harsunan Indo-European]] [[Category:Turawa]] {{stub}} b4nvzg5ljc1ptdoqmwv5m6qfwfgwbqd 0 6161 840536 647243 2026-05-27T18:39:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Aminu Ado Bayero.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kano municipal council gate.jpg|thumb|Kano municipal council gate]][[File:Kano State.jpg|thumb]] '''Jihar Kano''' jiha ce da take a Arewa, Maso Yammacin [[Najeriya]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=2017-12-30|title=About Kano|url=https://kanostate.gov.ng/?q=about|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519161413/https://kanostate.gov.ng/about|archive-date=2020-05-19|access-date=2020-05-19|website=Kano State}}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_State</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Kano-state-Nigeria</ref><ref>https://psnc.buk.edu.ng/about_kano</ref><ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-population-by-country</ref><ref>https://www.withinnigeria.com/piece/2024/10/02/the-most-popular-state-in-nigeria-an-overview-of-kano-state/</ref><ref>https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/states/kano-state</ref><ref>https://africame.factsanddetails.com/article/entry-357.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kaninvest.kn.gov.ng/country-profile/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-25 |archive-date=2025-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251016161415/https://kaninvest.kn.gov.ng/country-profile/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://demo.kaccima.ng/about-kano</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kaninvest.kn.gov.ng/kano-in-brief/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-25 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125171106/https://kaninvest.kn.gov.ng/kano-in-brief/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da yawan faɗin ƙasa kimanin kilomita murabba’i 20,131 da yawan jama’a miliyan sha ɗaya da dubu hamsin da takwas da ɗari uku (a kiyasin shekarar 2011). Babban Birnin jihar shi ne birnin Kano]. [[Abba Kabir Yusuf]] ne gwamnan jihar tun daga zaɓen shekarar (2023), har zuwa yau.wiki Ya sami matakin zama gwamna ne a jam'iyyar [[''new nigerian people party'']] (NNPP). Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Nasiru Gawuna|Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo]]. Sanusi Lamido Sanusi shi ne Sarkin Kano daga ranar 9 ga watan Maris, 2020 zuwa rana maikamar ta yau. Dattijan jihar sun haɗa da; [[Aminu Kano]], [[Maitama Sule]], [[Sani Abacha]], [[Murtala Mohammed]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kano_State</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Kabir_Yusuf</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminu_Abdussalam_Gwarzo</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanusi_Lamido_Sanusi</ref><ref>https://punchng.com/kano-emirate-gov-reinstates-sanusi-after-four-year-deposition/</ref><ref>https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/28/kano-deputy-governor-assumes-office-as-commissioner-for-lg/</ref><ref>https://businessday.ng/news/article/governor-abba-restores-sanusi-as-emir-of-kano/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/breaking-court-orders-kano-state-to-apologise-to-sanusi-pay-him-n10m/</ref><ref>https://punchng.com/kano-emirate-gov-reinstates-sanusi-after-four-year-deposition/</ref> == Manazarta. == anyi wani mutum Mai suna malam sani Nasir Wanda yake a garin Kano gc71lgljdggeve004hvythunpcog7hs 0 10164 840537 838552 2026-05-27T18:41:55Z Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu 45259 840537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga kungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala karni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya haye birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo a wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 da 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . A shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar 2023-24, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin kungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal a watan Janairun 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shine Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup a 1889-90 da London Senior Cup a 1890-91; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko a 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi a shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> === 1912-1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === A shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin 1914-15. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman a shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na 1933-34, 1934-35, da 1937-38, sannan kuma sun ci gaba da lashe Kofin FA na 1936. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin 1947-48. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko a 1971), wanda aka zana a 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin 1962 da 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko a 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din a shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoba 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu a 1997-98 da na uku a 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga Mayu 2003 zuwa 24 ga Oktoba 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama kakar 2019-20 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga 1994-95, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar 2020-21 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> A kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (a 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, a shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu a kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 8ode6oqgh5qg4opu36mb41uha5fwz10 0 11041 841023 247444 2026-05-28T07:04:56Z AKA024 30597 An kirkira ta fassara "Economy" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352854666|Idemili North]]" 841023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idemili ta Arewa''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].{{Stub}} == Tattalin arziki == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa cibiya ce ta harkokin kasuwanci, kuma tana ɗauke da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Uke da Kasuwar Kayan Gina. Noma ma na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin yankin, inda ake noma amfanin gona irin su doya, rogo, ƙocoyam da [[kayan lambu]]. Haka kuma, mazauna Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa suna gudanar da sana’o’i kamar [[kamun kifi]], [[ƙira]] da kuma [[sana’o’in hannu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/116/idemili-north |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Of Cassava Production In Idemili North Local Government Area Of Anambra State {{!}} MOUAU Repository |url=https://afribary.org/work/view/economics-of-cassava-production-in-idemili-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state-7-2 |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=afribary.org |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idemili ta Arewa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] 9gp2prvv8bk2i9pl00s2dy6i5k3lvn3 841059 841023 2026-05-28T07:20:34Z AKA024 30597 An kirkira ta fassara "Geography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352854666|Idemili North]]" 841059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idemili ta Arewa''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].{{Stub}} == Tattalin arziki == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa cibiya ce ta harkokin kasuwanci, kuma tana ɗauke da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Uke da Kasuwar Kayan Gina. Noma ma na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin yankin, inda ake noma amfanin gona irin su doya, rogo, ƙocoyam da [[kayan lambu]]. Haka kuma, mazauna Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa suna gudanar da sana’o’i kamar [[kamun kifi]], [[ƙira]] da kuma [[sana’o’in hannu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/116/idemili-north |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Of Cassava Production In Idemili North Local Government Area Of Anambra State {{!}} MOUAU Repository |url=https://afribary.org/work/view/economics-of-cassava-production-in-idemili-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state-7-2 |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=afribary.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa na da jimillar faɗin ƙasa da ya kai kusan murabba’in kilomita 390, kuma Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin. Yankin na fuskantar yanayi biyu mabambanta, wato damina da kuma rani, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai kimanin digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (77 °F). Bisa ƙididdiga, matsakaicin danshin iska a yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa ya kai kusan kashi 69 cikin 100, yayin da matsakaicin gudun iska ya kai kusan kilomita 11 cikin sa’a (mil 6.8 cikin sa’a).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/location/NG-Anambra/Idemili%20North |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idemili ta Arewa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] k1w36lxzrpq6lvagrrk0yp14cipuep0 841070 841059 2026-05-28T07:24:04Z AKA024 30597 An kirkira ta fassara "Schools" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352854666|Idemili North]]" 841070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idemili ta Arewa''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].{{Stub}} == Tattalin arziki == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa cibiya ce ta harkokin kasuwanci, kuma tana ɗauke da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Uke da Kasuwar Kayan Gina. Noma ma na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin yankin, inda ake noma amfanin gona irin su doya, rogo, ƙocoyam da [[kayan lambu]]. Haka kuma, mazauna Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa suna gudanar da sana’o’i kamar [[kamun kifi]], [[ƙira]] da kuma [[sana’o’in hannu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/116/idemili-north |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Of Cassava Production In Idemili North Local Government Area Of Anambra State {{!}} MOUAU Repository |url=https://afribary.org/work/view/economics-of-cassava-production-in-idemili-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state-7-2 |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=afribary.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa na da jimillar faɗin ƙasa da ya kai kusan murabba’in kilomita 390, kuma Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin. Yankin na fuskantar yanayi biyu mabambanta, wato damina da kuma rani, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai kimanin digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (77 °F). Bisa ƙididdiga, matsakaicin danshin iska a yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa ya kai kusan kashi 69 cikin 100, yayin da matsakaicin gudun iska ya kai kusan kilomita 11 cikin sa’a (mil 6.8 cikin sa’a).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/location/NG-Anambra/Idemili%20North |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> == Makarantu == Ga jerin makarantun sakandare da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * Notre Dame High School, Abatete * Abanna Secondary School, Abatete * Community Secondary School, Eziowelle * Queen of the Rosary Secondary School, Eziowelle * Community Secondary School, Ideani * Government Technical College, Nkpor * Urban Secondary School, Nkpor * Community Secondary School, Obosi * Unity Secondary School, Obosi * Boys' Secondary School, Ogidi * Anglican Girls' Secondary School, Ogidi * Community Secondary School, Oraukwu * Oraukwu Grammar School, Oraukwu * Community Secondary School, Uke * Mater Amabilis Secondary School, Umuoji * Community Secondary School, Umuoji * Awada Secondary School, Awada * Don Bosco Secondary School (DBSS), Obosi * Ebelechukwu High School, Nkpor Ga kuma jerin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * John Bosco Institute of Technology (JOBITECH), Obosi ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idemili ta Arewa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] iqf37w23a8efr80irb28p4jwf7qni9o 841083 841070 2026-05-28T07:27:02Z AKA024 30597 An kirkira ta fassara "Notable people" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352854666|Idemili North]]" 841083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idemili ta Arewa''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].{{Stub}} == Tattalin arziki == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa cibiya ce ta harkokin kasuwanci, kuma tana ɗauke da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Uke da Kasuwar Kayan Gina. Noma ma na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin yankin, inda ake noma amfanin gona irin su doya, rogo, ƙocoyam da [[kayan lambu]]. Haka kuma, mazauna Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa suna gudanar da sana’o’i kamar [[kamun kifi]], [[ƙira]] da kuma [[sana’o’in hannu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/116/idemili-north |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Of Cassava Production In Idemili North Local Government Area Of Anambra State {{!}} MOUAU Repository |url=https://afribary.org/work/view/economics-of-cassava-production-in-idemili-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state-7-2 |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=afribary.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa na da jimillar faɗin ƙasa da ya kai kusan murabba’in kilomita 390, kuma Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin. Yankin na fuskantar yanayi biyu mabambanta, wato damina da kuma rani, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai kimanin digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (77 °F). Bisa ƙididdiga, matsakaicin danshin iska a yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa ya kai kusan kashi 69 cikin 100, yayin da matsakaicin gudun iska ya kai kusan kilomita 11 cikin sa’a (mil 6.8 cikin sa’a).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/location/NG-Anambra/Idemili%20North |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> == Makarantu == Ga jerin makarantun sakandare da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * Notre Dame High School, Abatete * Abanna Secondary School, Abatete * Community Secondary School, Eziowelle * Queen of the Rosary Secondary School, Eziowelle * Community Secondary School, Ideani * Government Technical College, Nkpor * Urban Secondary School, Nkpor * Community Secondary School, Obosi * Unity Secondary School, Obosi * Boys' Secondary School, Ogidi * Anglican Girls' Secondary School, Ogidi * Community Secondary School, Oraukwu * Oraukwu Grammar School, Oraukwu * Community Secondary School, Uke * Mater Amabilis Secondary School, Umuoji * Community Secondary School, Umuoji * Awada Secondary School, Awada * Don Bosco Secondary School (DBSS), Obosi * Ebelechukwu High School, Nkpor Ga kuma jerin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * John Bosco Institute of Technology (JOBITECH), Obosi == Fitattun mutane == * [[Emeka Anyaoku]] — ɗan diflomasiyyar Najeriya kuma tsohon sakatare janar na ƙungiyar Commonwealth * [[Chinua Achebe]] — marubucin Najeriya kuma masanin adabi * [[Chike Aniakor]] — mai fasaha kuma masani * [[Francisca Nneka Okeke]] — masaniyar kimiyyar lissafin halittu da makamashi (Physics) * [[Osita Chidoka]] — tsohon shugaban hukumar kiyaye haɗurra ta ƙasa (FRSC) kuma tsohon ministan sufurin jiragen sama * [[Obinna Chidoka]] — ɗan siyasa daga Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idemili ta Arewa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] hwxdzhsuje7q6h4zmy75tvgnxej9syk 841139 841083 2026-05-28T07:47:57Z AKA024 30597 841139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Idemili ta Arewa''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]]. == Tattalin arziki == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa cibiya ce ta harkokin kasuwanci, kuma tana ɗauke da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Uke da Kasuwar Kayan Gina. Noma ma na daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan tattalin arzikin yankin, inda ake noma amfanin gona irin su doya, rogo, ƙocoyam da [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]]. Haka kuma, mazauna Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa suna gudanar da sana’o’i kamar [[kamun kifi]], [[ƙira]] da kuma [[sana’o’in hannu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/116/idemili-north |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Economics Of Cassava Production In Idemili North Local Government Area Of Anambra State {{!}} MOUAU Repository |url=https://afribary.org/work/view/economics-of-cassava-production-in-idemili-north-local-government-area-of-anambra-state-7-2 |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=afribary.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa na da jimillar faɗin ƙasa da ya kai kusan murabba’in kilomita 390, kuma Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin. Yankin na fuskantar yanayi biyu mabambanta, wato damina da kuma rani, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai kimanin digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (77 °F). Bisa ƙididdiga, matsakaicin danshin iska a yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa ya kai kusan kashi 69 cikin 100, yayin da matsakaicin gudun iska ya kai kusan kilomita 11 cikin sa’a (mil 6.8 cikin sa’a).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili North Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/location/NG-Anambra/Idemili%20North |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> == Makarantu == Ga jerin makarantun sakandare da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * Notre Dame High School, Abatete * Abanna Secondary School, Abatete * Community Secondary School, Eziowelle * Queen of the Rosary Secondary School, Eziowelle * Community Secondary School, Ideani * Government Technical College, Nkpor * Urban Secondary School, Nkpor * Community Secondary School, Obosi * Unity Secondary School, Obosi * Boys' Secondary School, Ogidi * Anglican Girls' Secondary School, Ogidi * Community Secondary School, Oraukwu * Oraukwu Grammar School, Oraukwu * Community Secondary School, Uke * Mater Amabilis Secondary School, Umuoji * Community Secondary School, Umuoji * Awada Secondary School, Awada * Don Bosco Secondary School (DBSS), Obosi * Ebelechukwu High School, Nkpor Ga kuma jerin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Arewa: * John Bosco Institute of Technology (JOBITECH), Obosi == Fitattun mutane == * [[Emeka Anyaoku]] — ɗan diflomasiyyar Najeriya kuma tsohon sakatare janar na ƙungiyar Commonwealth * [[Chinua Achebe]] — marubucin Najeriya kuma masanin adabi * [[Chike Aniakor]] — mai fasaha kuma masani * [[Francisca Nneka Okeke]] — masaniyar kimiyyar lissafin halittu da makamashi (Physics) * [[Osita Chidoka]] — tsohon shugaban hukumar kiyaye haɗurra ta ƙasa (FRSC) kuma tsohon ministan sufurin jiragen sama * [[Obinna Chidoka]] — ɗan siyasa daga Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idemili ta Arewa}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] bg9v2912qkiwebq95mh2gydq92cgrfd 0 13134 841018 624465 2026-05-28T07:03:01Z AKA024 30597 AKA024 moved page [[Kayan miya]] to [[Kayan Lambu]]: ba a saka fassarar suna dai-dai ba 624465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Marketvegetables.jpg|thumb|Kayan lambu a kasuwa a cikin Filipinas]] [[File:Tomato je.jpg|thumb|tumatur]] [[Fayil:Vegetable harvest.jpg|thumb|kayan miya]] '''Kayan lambu''' sune sassan tsire-tsire waɗanda mutane ko wasu dabbobi ke cinsu a matsayin abinci. Ana kuma amfani da ma'anar asali har yanzu ana amfani da shi ga tsire-tsire tare don alaqa da duk abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na tsire-tsire, ciki har da furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa, mai tushe, ganye, tushen da tsaba. Ana kuma amfani da muhimmin ma'anar kalmar kayan lambu da yar tsaye ba bisa ka'ida ba. Galibi al'adun gargajiya da al'adun gargajiya. Yana Kuma iya ware kayan abinci da aka samo daga wasu tsire-tsire wadanda suka kasance 'ya'yan itace, furanni, kwayoyi, da hatsi na hatsi, amma sun haɗa da' ya'yan itaciyar kamar tumatir da ''courgettes'', furanni kamar su ''broccoli'', da tsaba kamar su. Asalinsu, an samo kayan lambu daga Daji ne daga mafarautan kuma suka shiga namo a yawancin sassan duniya, watakila a cikin lokacin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC, lokacin da sabon hanyar aikin gona ya bunkasa. Da farko, za a iya shuka ciyawar da ta girma a cikin gida, amma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, ciniki ya kawo kayan amfanin gona daga wani wuri don kara wa nau'in gida. A zamanin yau, yawancin kayan lambu suna girma a duk duniya kamar yadda izinin yanayi, kuma ana iya noma amfanin gona a cikin wurare masu kariya a wurare marasa dacewa. Kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma wajen samar da kayan lambu, kuma kasuwancin duniya a cikin kayan aikin gona yana ba masu amfani damar sayen kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin ƙasashe masu nisa. Gwargwadon samarwa ya bambanta daga manoma mai wadatar abinci wanda ke wadatar da bukatun danginsu don abinci, zuwa matsanancin wahala na amfanin gona guda. Ya danganta da nau'in kayan lambu da ake damuwa, girbin amfanin gonar yana biyo bayan grading, adanawa, sarrafawa da tallatawa. Za'a iya cin kayan lambu ko dai a dafa shi ko a daka Ko Aci hakanan kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin dan adam, yana da yawanci mai mai yawa da kwayar carbohydrates, amma yana da yawa a cikin bitamin, ma'adanai da fiber na abin da ake ci. Yawancin masana ilimin abinci suna karfafa mutane don cin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari da yawa, kashi biyar ko sama da haka a kullun ana ba da shawarar su. == Tarihi == [[File:Vegetable_garden_at_Ham_House_Estate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4530.jpg|thumb|Domestic [[Kitchen garden|vegetable garden]] in [[London]]]] Kafin zuwan noma, mutane 'yan farauta ne. Sun tsorata don 'ya'yan itace da ake ci, kwayoyi, mai tushe, ganyayyaki, corms, da kuma karar, sun tsoratar da dabbobin da suka mutu da wadanda ke rayuwa don neman abinci. Tsarin gandun daji a cikin share gandun dajin yana zaton shine farkon misalin aikin gona; An gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu amfani kuma an ƙarfafa su don haɓaka yayin da aka cire nau'ikan da ba a ke so. Shuka shuka ta hanyar zaɓar nau'ikan kyawawan halaye kamar su 'ya'yan itace babba da hadaka mai ƙarfi nan da nan. Yayin da aka samo tabbaci na farko game da ciyawar ciyawa kamar alkama da sha'ir a cikin Tsarin Tsira a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da alama mutane da yawa a duniya sun fara shuka amfanin gona a cikin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC. Tallafin aikin gona ya ci gaba har zuwa yau, tare da manoma da yawa na karkara a Afirka, Asiya, Kudancin Amurka, da sauran wurare suna amfani da filayen filayensu don samar da isasshen abinci ga iyalansu, yayin da kowane irin kayan abinci yake amfani da shi don musayar wasu kayayyaki. [[Fayil:Colours of Health (4877352097).jpg|thumb|kayan miyan lambu]] Dukkanin tarihin da aka rubuta, attajirai sun sami damar wadatar abinci da dama da suka haɗa da nama, kayan marmari da 'ya'yan itace, to amma ga talakawa, nama ya kasance abin alatu kuma abincin da suka ci ya zama maras wahala, galibi yana ƙunshe da kayan abinci da aka yi da shinkafa, hatsin rai , sha'ir, alkama, gero ko masara. Additionarin kayan lambu ya samar da wasu iri-iri ga abincin. Babban abincin Aztecs da ke Amurka ta Tsakiya shine masara kuma sun noma tumatir, avocados, wake, barkono, kabewa, kuɓewa, gyada, da kuma ƙwayar amaranth don kara azama da kwayoyin su. A cikin Peru, Incas ya dogara da masara a kananan kwari da dankali a tsaunuka masu yawa. Sun kuma yi amfani da tsaba daga quinoa, suna inganta abincinsu da barkono, tumatir, da avocados. A tsohuwar ƙasar Sin, shinkafa ita ce babbar ciyawar a kudu kuma alkama a arewaci, ƙarshen da aka yi shi cikin magudanar abinci, noodles, da masara. Kayan lambu da ke biye da waɗannan sun haɗa da yummu, waken soya, wake da yawa, guna, albasa mai yadu, da tafarnuwa. Abincin tsohuwar Masarawa ta samo asali ne daga burodi, galibi yana gurɓata da yashi wanda yake hana haƙoransu. Nama ya kasance mai wadatarwa amma kifi ya fi yawa. Wadannan kayan sun hada da kayan marmari da dama da suka hada da marmara, wake mai yawa, lentil, albasa, leas, tafarnuwa, radishes, da letas. Babban abincin tsohuwar Girka shine gurasa, kuma wannan yana tattare da cukuwan akuya, zaitun, fig, kifi, da kuma lokaci-lokaci nama. kayan lambu sun hada da albasa, tafarnuwa, alkama, guna, da lentil. A cikin tsohuwar Roma, an sanya garin shinkafa mai kauri irin alkama ko wake, tare da kayan lambu amma kananan nama, da kifi ba su da daraja. Romawa sun girma wake masu yawa, gyada, albasa da toyaran ci kuma sun ci ganyen beets maimakon asalinsu. <br /> == Wasu kayan m<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>armari na yau da kullun == <span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" style="text-align:center; " |Some common vegetables |- ! style="width:125px;" |Image ! style="" |Species ! style="" |Parts used ! style="" |Origin ! style="" |Cultivars ! style="" |Kayan duniya (×10⁶&nbsp;tons, 2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor|title=FAOSTAT Query page|accessdate=2015-09-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906230329/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567|archivedate=2015-09-06|df=}} Aggregate data: may include official, semi-official or estimated data</ref> |- |[[File:Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' |leaves, [[Axillary bud|axillary buds]], stems, flower heads |Europe |[[cabbage]], [[Brussels sprouts]], [[cauliflower]], [[broccoli]], [[kale]], [[kohlrabi]], [[red cabbage]], [[Savoy cabbage]], [[Chinese broccoli]], [[collard greens]] | style="text-align:right" |70.1 |- |[[File:Turnip_2622027.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Brassica rapa]]'' |root, leaves |Asia |[[turnip]], [[Chinese cabbage]], [[napa cabbage]], [[bok choy]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Raphanus_sativus.jpg|125x125px]] |''Raphanus sativus'' |root, leaves, seed pods, seed oil, sprouting |Southeastern Asia |[[radish]], [[daikon]], seedpod varieties | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:7carrots.jpg|125x125px]] |''Daucus carota'' |root, leaves, stems |Persia |[[carrot]] | style="text-align:right" |36.9<ref name="carrot" group="n">Includes both carrots and turnips.</ref> |- |[[File:CDC_parsnip.jpg|125x125px]] |''Pastinaca sativa'' |root |Eurasia |[[parsnip]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Beta vulgaris]]'' |root, leaves |Europe and Near East |[[beetroot]], [[sea beet]], [[Swiss chard]], [[sugar beet]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Kropsla_herfst.jpg|125x125px]] |''Lactuca sativa'' |leaves, stems, seed oil |Egypt |[[lettuce]], [[celtuce]] | style="text-align:right" |24.9 |- |[[File:Bohne_z01.JPG|125x125px]] |''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]][[Phaseolus coccineus]][[Phaseolus lunatus]]'' |pods<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>, seeds |Central and South America |[[green bean]], [[French bean]], [[runner bean]], [[haricot bean]], [[Lima bean]] | style="text-align:right" |44.6<ref name="dry" group="n">Productions of dry and green vegetables added up.</ref> |- |[[File:Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg|125x125px]] |''Vicia faba'' |pods, seeds |Mediterranean and Middle East |[[broad bean]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg|125x125px]] |''Pisum sativum'' |pods, seeds, sprouts |Mediterranean and Middle East |[[pea]], [[snap pea]], [[snow pea]], [[split pea]] | style="text-align:right" |28.9<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum tuberosum'' |tubers |South America |[[potato]] | style="text-align:right" |365.4 |- |[[File:Aubergine.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum melongena'' |fruits |South and East Asia |[[eggplant]] (aubergine) | style="text-align:right" |48.4 |- |[[File:Tomato_je.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum lycopersicum'' |fruits |South America |[[tomato]], see [[list of tomato cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |161.8 |- |[[File:Ogórki...jpg|125x125px]] |''Cucumis sativus'' |fruits |Southern Asia |[[cucumber]], see [[list of cucumber varieties]] | style="text-align:right" |65.1 |- |[[File:Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg|125x125px]] |''Cucurbita spp.'' |fruits, flowers |Me<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>soamerica |[[pumpkin]], [[Squash (plant)|squash]], [[Cucurbita|marrow]], [[zucchini]] (courgette), [[gourd]] | style="text-align:right" |24.6 |- |[[File:Onions.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium cepa'' |bulbs, leaves |Asia |[[onion]], [[spring onion]], [[scallion]], [[shallot]], see [[list of onion cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |87.2<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Garlic.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium sativum'' |bulbs |Asia |[[garlic]] | style="text-align:right" |24.8 |- |[[File:Leek.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium ampeloprasum'' |leaf sheaths |Europe and Middle East |[[leek]], [[elephant garlic]] | style="text-align:right" |21.7 |- |[[File:Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Capsicum annuum]]'' |fruits |North and South America |[[Capsicum annuum|pepper]], [[bell pepper]], sweet pepper | style="text-align:right" |34.5<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Espinac_5nov.JPG|125x125px]] |''Spinacia oleracea'' |leaves |Central and southwestern Asia |[[spinach]] | style="text-align:right" |21.7 |- |[[File:Dioscorea_polystachya_(batatas).jpg|125x125px]] |''Dioscorea spp.'' |tubers |Tropical Africa |[[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] | style="text-align:right" |59.5 |- |[[File:Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG|125x125px]] |''Ipomoea batatas'' |tubers, leaves, shoots |Central and South America |[[sweet potato]], see [[list of sweet potato cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |108.0 |- |[[File:Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg|125x125px]] |''Manihot esculenta'' |tubers |South America |[[cassava]] | style="text-align:right" |269.1 |} {{reflist|group=n}} == Abincin gina jiki da lafiya == [[File:Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg|thumb|Kayan lambu (da wasu fruitan itace) na siyarwa a kan titi a Guntur, Indiya]] Kayan lambu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin mutane. Yawancinsu suna da ƙarancin mai da adadin kuzari amma sun yi yawa kuma suna cikewa. Suna samar da fiber na abinci kuma sune tushen mahimmancin bitamin, ma'adanai, da abubuwan da aka gano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vegetables |url=https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=www.myplate.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture |archive-date=2022-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417195851/https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musamman mahimmanci sune bitamin antioxidant A, C, da E. Lokacin da aka hada kayan lambu a cikin abincin, an sami raguwar cutar kansa, bugun jini, cututtukan zuciya, da sauran cututtukan cututtukan fata.<ref name=Terry2011>{{cite book|author=Terry, Leon |title=Health-Promoting Properties of Fruits and Vegetables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gNEZoC86dMQC |year=2011 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1-84593-529-0 |pages=2–4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Büchner|first1=Frederike L.|last2=Bueno-de-Mesquita|first2=H. Bas|last3=Ros|first3=Martine M.|last4=Overvad|first4=Kim|last5=Dahm|first5=Christina C.|last6=Hansen|first6=Louise|last7=Tjønneland|first7=Anne|last8=Clavel-Chapelon|first8=Françoise|last9=Boutron-Ruault|first9=Marie-Christine|date=2010-09-01|title=Variety in fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition|journal=Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention|volume=19|issue=9|pages=2278–86|doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0489|issn=1538-7755|pmid=20807832|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da mutane wadanda ke ci kasa da uku na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari a kowace rana, wadanda ke cin abinci sama da sau biyar, suna da kusan kashi ashirin cikin kananan hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya ko bugun jini. Abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai mahimmanci na kayan lambu sun bambanta da yawa; wasu suna dauke da kwayoyin furotin masu amfani kodayake yawanci suna dauke da mai mai yawa,<ref name="Li2008">{{cite book|author=Li, Thomas S.C. |title=Vegetables and Fruits: Nutritional and Therapeutic Values |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6zNOdkqmMYC|year=2008|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-6873-3 |pages=1–2}}</ref> da abubuwa masu yawa dabam dabam kamar su Vitamin A, Vitamin K, da Vitamin B6; maganin zalunci; ma'adinai na abinci; da kuma carbohydrates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What teeth reveal about the lives of modern humans |url=https://news.osu.edu/what-teeth-reveal-about-the-lives-of-modern-humans/ |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=What teeth reveal about the lives of modern humans |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boughner |first=Julia |title=Bad molars? The origins of wisdom teeth |url=http://theconversation.com/bad-molars-the-origins-of-wisdom-teeth-104835 |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=The Conversation |date=9 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, kayan lambu sau da yawa ma suna da gubobi da antinutrients wadanda ke tsoma baki tare da daukar abubuwan gina jiki. Wadannan sun hada da α-solanine, α-chaconine, enzyme inhibitors (na cholinesterase, protease, amylase, da sauransu), cyanide da kuma abubuwan kirar cyanide, oxalic acid, tannins da sauransu. kwari, da masu farauta da fungi wadanda zasu iya kai hari ga shuka. Wasu wake suna dauke da phytohaemagglutinin, kuma tushen roba yana dauke da glycoside cyanogenic kamar yadda ake yin harbe-harbe. Wadannan gubobi ana iya kashe su ta hanyar girkin da ya dace. Ganyen dankali ya kunshi glycoalkaloids kuma ya kamata a guji shi. 'Ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, musamman kayan lambu, an shanye su a cikin kusan rabin cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke haifar da noroirus a Amurka. Wadannan abinci ana cin abinci da yawa kankani ne kuma mai yiwuwa ya kazantu yayin shirye-shiryen abincin da ke dauke da cutar. Tsabtacewa yana da mahimmanci yayin sarrafa abinci da za a ci da shi, kuma irin wadannan samfuran suna bukatar tsabtace da kyau, sarrafa su, da adana su don iyakance gurbataccen aiki.<ref>https://www.dw.com/image/16687924_303.jpg</ref><ref>https://img-global.cpcdn.com/recipes/1e0a6c6e233cc83d/751x532cq70/yankakun-kayan-miya-da-kayan-lambu-ainihin-hoton-girkin.jpg</ref><ref>https://www.vegetables.co.nz/vegetables-a-z/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3VMhj6LkKI</ref> ===Shawara=== [[File:Vegetable consumption per capita, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Vegetable consumption per capita in 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Vegetable consumption per capita |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/vegetable-consumption-per-capita |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>]] Hukumar ka'idodin Abinci na USDA na Amurkawa sun ba da shawarar cin abinci guda biyar zuwa tara na 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari a kullum.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131207154611/http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2000/2000DGBrochureFabulousFruits.pdf Fabulous fruits... versatile vegetables.] United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2012-03-30.</ref> Jimlar adadin da ake cinyewa zai bambanta dangane da shekaru da jinsi, kuma an ƙaddara shi bisa daidaitattun girman rabo da aka saba cinyewa, da kuma abubuwan gina jiki gabaɗaya. Ba a haɗa dankali a cikin kirgawa saboda galibi masu samar da sitaci ne. Ga mafi yawan kayan lambu da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, abinci ɗaya shine rabin kofi kuma ana iya ci danye ko dafa shi. Ga ganyen ganye, irin su latas da alayyahu, abinci guda ɗaya yawanci kofi ne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Replenish/WhatisaServing/What-is-a-Serving_UCM_301838_Article.jsp |title=What is a serving? |date=2014-12-18 |publisher=American Heart Association |access-date=2015-09-26}}</ref> Ya kamata a zabi nau'o'in kayayyaki kamar yadda babu 'ya'yan itace ko kayan lambu da ke samar da dukkanin sinadarai da ake bukata don lafiya.<ref name=Harvard>{{cite web |url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/vegetables-and-fruits/ |title=Vegetables and Fruits |publisher=Harvard School of Public Health |access-date=2015-09-14|date=2012-09-18 }}</ref> == Production == === Noma === [[File:AUSAID SOUTH AFRICA (10672860713).jpg|thumb|right|Growing vegetables in South Africa]] Kayan lambu sun kasance wani ɓangare na abincin ɗan adam tun a tarihi. Wasu abinci ne masu mahimmanci amma yawancin kayan abinci ne na kayan abinci, suna ƙara nau'o'in abinci tare da dandano na musamman kuma a lokaci guda, suna ƙara kayan abinci masu mahimmanci ga lafiya. Wasu kayan lambu suna da yawa amma yawancin shekara-shekara ne da biennials, yawanci ana girbe su a cikin shekara ɗaya na shuka ko dasa. Duk wani tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen noman amfanin gona, noman yana bin irin wannan tsari; shirya ƙasa ta hanyar sassauta shi, cirewa ko binne ciyawa, da ƙara taki ko taki; shuka iri ko dasa tsire-tsire matasa; kula da amfanin gona yayin da yake girma don rage gasar ciyayi, magance kwari, da samar da isasshen ruwa; girbin amfanin gona lokacin da ya shirya; rarrabuwa, adanawa, da tallata amfanin gona ko cin sabo daga ƙasa.<ref name=RHS>{{cite book |title=The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening |editor-last1=Brickell |editor-first1=Christopher |year=1992 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-86318-979-1 |pages=303–08}}</ref> [[File:John Deere tractor between cabbage rows.jpg|thumb|right|Weeding cabbages in Colorado, US]] A kan sikelin cikin gida, spade, cokali mai yatsa, da fartanya kayan aikin zaɓi ne yayin da a kan gonakin kasuwanci ana samun kewayon kayan aikin injiniya. Bayan tarakta, waɗannan sun haɗa da garma, harrows, drills, masu dasawa, masu noma, kayan ban ruwa, da masu girbi. Sabbin dabaru suna canza hanyoyin noma da ke tattare da shuka kayan lambu tare da tsarin sa ido na kwamfuta, masu gano GPS, da shirye-shiryen sarrafa kai don injunan marasa direba suna ba da fa'idodin tattalin arziki.<ref name=Field>{{cite book|author1=Field, Harry|author2=Solie, John|title=Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology: A Problem Solving Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWWc8VmdqDAC |year=2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-36915-0}}</ref> === Girbi === [[File:Harvesting - geograph.org.uk - 290336.jpg|thumb|left|Harvesting beetroot in the United Kingdom]] Idan aka girbe kayan lambu, ana yanke shi daga tushen ruwa da abinci. Yana ci gaba da fitowa kuma yana rasa danshi yayin da yake yin haka, tsarin da aka fi sani a cikin bushewar kayan lambu masu kore. Girbi tushen kayan lambu lokacin da suka girma yana inganta rayuwarsu ta ajiya, amma a madadin haka, ana iya barin waɗannan tushen amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa kuma a girbe su na tsawon lokaci. Tsarin girbi yakamata ya nemi rage lalacewa da rauni ga amfanin gona. Za a iya shanya albasa da tafarnuwa na ’yan kwanaki a gona kuma amfanin gona kamar dankalin turawa suna cin gajiyar ɗan gajeren lokacin girma a cikin yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano, a lokacin raunukan suna warkewa kuma fata ta yi kauri ta yi tauri. Kafin kasuwa ko adanawa, ana buƙatar yin grading don cire kayan da suka lalace da zaɓen kayan amfanin gona gwargwadon ingancinsa, girmansa, girmarsa, da launinsa.<ref name=Dixie>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0185e/a0185e0a.htm |title=8. Post-harvest handling: Storage |author=Dixie, Grahame |year=2005 |work=Horticultural Marketing |publisher=FAO |access-date=2015-03-21}}</ref> === Adana === Duk kayan lambu suna amfana daga kulawar da ta dace bayan girbi. Yawancin kayan lambu da abinci masu lalacewa suna ɓacewa bayan girbi a lokacin ajiya. Wannan asarar na iya kaiwa kashi talatin zuwa hamsin cikin dari a kasashe masu tasowa inda babu isassun wuraren ajiyar sanyi. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da asara sun haɗa da lalacewa ta hanyar danshi, gyaggyarawa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da kwari.<ref name="PrakashGarg">{{cite book|author1=Garg & Prakash|author2=Garg, H.P. |title=Solar Energy: Fundamentals and Applications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v_LfcIdJxIC&pg=PA191 |year=2000 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=978-0-07-463631-2 |page=191}}</ref> [[File:Gerooide aardappels.JPG|thumb|Temporary storage of potatoes in the Netherlands]] Adana na iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci. Yawancin kayan lambu suna lalacewa kuma ajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƴan kwanaki suna ba da sassauci a cikin tallace-tallace. A lokacin ajiya, kayan lambu masu ganye suna rasa danshi, kuma bitamin C a cikin su yana raguwa da sauri. Wasu ƴan samfurori irin su dankali da albasa suna da kyawawan halaye kuma ana iya siyar da su idan ana samun farashi mai yawa, kuma ta hanyar tsawaita lokacin tallace-tallace, ana iya siyar da yawan amfanin gona. Idan ba a sami ajiya mai sanyi ba, fifiko ga yawancin amfanin gona shi ne adana kayan amfanin gona masu inganci, da kiyaye yanayin zafi mai yawa, da kuma kiyaye amfanin gona a cikin inuwa.<ref name=pxk>Kohli, Pawanexh (2008) "Why Cold Chain for Vegetables" in [http://crosstree.info/Documents/Care%20of%20F%20n%20V.pdf ''Fruits and Vegetables Post-Harvest Care: The Basics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103014943/http://www.crosstree.info/Documents/Care |date=2020-11-03 }}. Crosstree Techno-visors</ref> == Matsayi == International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) tana tsara ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da cewa samfura da ayyuka suna da aminci, abin dogaro, kuma masu inganci. Akwai ma'auni da yawa na ISO dangane da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.<ref name="fvdp">{{cite web |title=ISO - 67.080 - Fruits. Vegetables |url=https://www.iso.org/ics/67.080/x/ |website=www.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924184352/https://www.iso.org/ics/67.080/x/ |archive-date=24 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> TS EN ISO 1991-1: 1982 ya lissafa sunayen tsirrai na nau'ikan tsire-tsire sittin da daya da aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan lambu tare da sunayen gama gari na kayan lambu a cikin Ingilishi, Faransanci, da Rashanci.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=6728 |title=ISO 1991-1:1982: Vegetables – Nomenclature |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=2015-03-20}}</ref> ISO 67.080.20 ya ƙunshi ajiya da jigilar kayan lambu da samfuran da aka samu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&ICS2=080&ICS3=20& |title=67.080.20: Vegetables and derived products |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=2015-03-20}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} mgk7ms3g6oau0ndx6z33wt7ve0smnlw 841030 841018 2026-05-28T07:08:20Z AKA024 30597 841030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Marketvegetables.jpg|thumb|Kayan lambu a kasuwa a cikin Filipinas]] [[File:Tomato je.jpg|thumb|tumatur]] [[Fayil:Vegetable harvest.jpg|thumb|kayan miya]] '''Kayan lambu''' sune sassan tsire-tsire waɗanda mutane ko wasu dabbobi ke cinsu a matsayin abinci. Ana kuma amfani da ma'anar asali har yanzu ana amfani da shi ga tsire-tsire tare don alaqa da duk abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na tsire-tsire, ciki har da furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa, mai tushe, ganye, tushen da tsaba. Ana kuma amfani da muhimmin ma'anar kalmar kayan lambu da yar tsaye ba bisa ka'ida ba. Galibi al'adun gargajiya da al'adun gargajiya. Yana Kuma iya ware kayan abinci da aka samo daga wasu tsire-tsire wadanda suka kasance 'ya'yan itace, furanni, kwayoyi, da hatsi na hatsi, amma sun haɗa da' ya'yan itaciyar kamar tumatir da ''courgettes'', furanni kamar su ''broccoli'', da tsaba kamar su. Asalinsu, an samo kayan lambu daga daji ne daga mafarautan kuma suka shiga namo a yawancin sassan duniya, watakila a cikin lokacin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC, lokacin da sabon hanyar aikin gona ya bunkasa. Da farko, za a iya shuka ciyawar da ta girma a cikin gida, amma yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, ciniki ya kawo kayan amfanin gona daga wani wuri don kara wa nau'in gida. A zamanin yau, yawancin kayan lambu suna girma a duk duniya kamar yadda izinin yanayi, kuma ana iya noma amfanin gona a cikin wurare masu kariya a wurare marasa dacewa. Kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma wajen samar da kayan lambu, kuma kasuwancin duniya a cikin kayan aikin gona yana ba masu amfani damar sayen kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin ƙasashe masu nisa. Gwargwadon samarwa ya bambanta daga manoma mai wadatar abinci wanda ke wadatar da bukatun danginsu don abinci, zuwa matsanancin wahala na amfanin gona guda. Ya danganta da nau'in kayan lambu da ake damuwa, girbin amfanin gonar yana biyo bayan grading, adanawa, sarrafawa da tallatawa. Za'a iya cin kayan lambu ko dai a dafa shi ko a daka Ko Aci hakanan kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin dan adam, yana da yawanci mai mai yawa da kwayar carbohydrates, amma yana da yawa a cikin bitamin, ma'adanai da fiber na abin da ake ci. Yawancin masana ilimin abinci suna karfafa mutane don cin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari da yawa, kashi biyar ko sama da haka a kullun ana ba da shawarar su. == Tarihi == [[File:Vegetable_garden_at_Ham_House_Estate_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4530.jpg|thumb|Domestic [[Kitchen garden|vegetable garden]] in [[London]]]] Kafin zuwan noma, mutane 'yan farauta ne. Sun tsorata don 'ya'yan itace da ake ci, kwayoyi, mai tushe, ganyayyaki, corms, da kuma karar, sun tsoratar da dabbobin da suka mutu da wadanda ke rayuwa don neman abinci. Tsarin gandun daji a cikin share gandun dajin yana zaton shine farkon misalin aikin gona; An gano nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu amfani kuma an ƙarfafa su don haɓaka yayin da aka cire nau'ikan da ba a ke so. Shuka shuka ta hanyar zaɓar nau'ikan kyawawan halaye kamar su 'ya'yan itace babba da hadaka mai ƙarfi nan da nan. Yayin da aka samo tabbaci na farko game da ciyawar ciyawa kamar alkama da sha'ir a cikin Tsarin Tsira a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da alama mutane da yawa a duniya sun fara shuka amfanin gona a cikin dubu goma 10,000 zuwa dubu bakwai 7,000 BC. Tallafin aikin gona ya ci gaba har zuwa yau, tare da manoma da yawa na karkara a Afirka, Asiya, Kudancin Amurka, da sauran wurare suna amfani da filayen filayensu don samar da isasshen abinci ga iyalansu, yayin da kowane irin kayan abinci yake amfani da shi don musayar wasu kayayyaki. [[Fayil:Colours of Health (4877352097).jpg|thumb|kayan miyan lambu]] Dukkanin tarihin da aka rubuta, attajirai sun sami damar wadatar abinci da dama da suka haɗa da nama, kayan marmari da 'ya'yan itace, to amma ga talakawa, nama ya kasance abin alatu kuma abincin da suka ci ya zama maras wahala, galibi yana ƙunshe da kayan abinci da aka yi da shinkafa, hatsin rai , sha'ir, alkama, gero ko masara. Additionarin kayan lambu ya samar da wasu iri-iri ga abincin. Babban abincin Aztecs da ke Amurka ta Tsakiya shine masara kuma sun noma tumatir, avocados, wake, barkono, kabewa, kuɓewa, gyada, da kuma ƙwayar amaranth don kara azama da kwayoyin su. A cikin Peru, Incas ya dogara da masara a kananan kwari da dankali a tsaunuka masu yawa. Sun kuma yi amfani da tsaba daga quinoa, suna inganta abincinsu da barkono, tumatir, da avocados. A tsohuwar ƙasar Sin, shinkafa ita ce babbar ciyawar a kudu kuma alkama a arewaci, ƙarshen da aka yi shi cikin magudanar abinci, noodles, da masara. Kayan lambu da ke biye da waɗannan sun haɗa da yummu, waken soya, wake da yawa, guna, albasa mai yadu, da tafarnuwa. Abincin tsohuwar Masarawa ta samo asali ne daga burodi, galibi yana gurɓata da yashi wanda yake hana haƙoransu. Nama ya kasance mai wadatarwa amma kifi ya fi yawa. Wadannan kayan sun hada da kayan marmari da dama da suka hada da marmara, wake mai yawa, lentil, albasa, leas, tafarnuwa, radishes, da letas. Babban abincin tsohuwar Girka shine gurasa, kuma wannan yana tattare da cukuwan akuya, zaitun, fig, kifi, da kuma lokaci-lokaci nama. kayan lambu sun hada da albasa, tafarnuwa, alkama, guna, da lentil. A cikin tsohuwar Roma, an sanya garin shinkafa mai kauri irin alkama ko wake, tare da kayan lambu amma kananan nama, da kifi ba su da daraja. Romawa sun girma wake masu yawa, gyada, albasa da toyaran ci kuma sun ci ganyen beets maimakon asalinsu. <br /> == Wasu kayan m<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>armari na yau da kullun == <span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" style="text-align:center; " |Some common vegetables |- ! style="width:125px;" |Image ! style="" |Species ! style="" |Parts used ! style="" |Origin ! style="" |Cultivars ! style="" |Kayan duniya (×10⁶&nbsp;tons, 2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor|title=FAOSTAT Query page|accessdate=2015-09-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906230329/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567|archivedate=2015-09-06|df=}} Aggregate data: may include official, semi-official or estimated data</ref> |- |[[File:Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' |leaves, [[Axillary bud|axillary buds]], stems, flower heads |Europe |[[cabbage]], [[Brussels sprouts]], [[cauliflower]], [[broccoli]], [[kale]], [[kohlrabi]], [[red cabbage]], [[Savoy cabbage]], [[Chinese broccoli]], [[collard greens]] | style="text-align:right" |70.1 |- |[[File:Turnip_2622027.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Brassica rapa]]'' |root, leaves |Asia |[[turnip]], [[Chinese cabbage]], [[napa cabbage]], [[bok choy]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Raphanus_sativus.jpg|125x125px]] |''Raphanus sativus'' |root, leaves, seed pods, seed oil, sprouting |Southeastern Asia |[[radish]], [[daikon]], seedpod varieties | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:7carrots.jpg|125x125px]] |''Daucus carota'' |root, leaves, stems |Persia |[[carrot]] | style="text-align:right" |36.9<ref name="carrot" group="n">Includes both carrots and turnips.</ref> |- |[[File:CDC_parsnip.jpg|125x125px]] |''Pastinaca sativa'' |root |Eurasia |[[parsnip]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Beta vulgaris]]'' |root, leaves |Europe and Near East |[[beetroot]], [[sea beet]], [[Swiss chard]], [[sugar beet]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:Kropsla_herfst.jpg|125x125px]] |''Lactuca sativa'' |leaves, stems, seed oil |Egypt |[[lettuce]], [[celtuce]] | style="text-align:right" |24.9 |- |[[File:Bohne_z01.JPG|125x125px]] |''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]][[Phaseolus coccineus]][[Phaseolus lunatus]]'' |pods<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>, seeds |Central and South America |[[green bean]], [[French bean]], [[runner bean]], [[haricot bean]], [[Lima bean]] | style="text-align:right" |44.6<ref name="dry" group="n">Productions of dry and green vegetables added up.</ref> |- |[[File:Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg|125x125px]] |''Vicia faba'' |pods, seeds |Mediterranean and Middle East |[[broad bean]] | style="text-align:right" | |- |[[File:NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg|125x125px]] |''Pisum sativum'' |pods, seeds, sprouts |Mediterranean and Middle East |[[pea]], [[snap pea]], [[snow pea]], [[split pea]] | style="text-align:right" |28.9<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum tuberosum'' |tubers |South America |[[potato]] | style="text-align:right" |365.4 |- |[[File:Aubergine.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum melongena'' |fruits |South and East Asia |[[eggplant]] (aubergine) | style="text-align:right" |48.4 |- |[[File:Tomato_je.jpg|125x125px]] |''Solanum lycopersicum'' |fruits |South America |[[tomato]], see [[list of tomato cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |161.8 |- |[[File:Ogórki...jpg|125x125px]] |''Cucumis sativus'' |fruits |Southern Asia |[[cucumber]], see [[list of cucumber varieties]] | style="text-align:right" |65.1 |- |[[File:Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg|125x125px]] |''Cucurbita spp.'' |fruits, flowers |Me<span class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>soamerica |[[pumpkin]], [[Squash (plant)|squash]], [[Cucurbita|marrow]], [[zucchini]] (courgette), [[gourd]] | style="text-align:right" |24.6 |- |[[File:Onions.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium cepa'' |bulbs, leaves |Asia |[[onion]], [[spring onion]], [[scallion]], [[shallot]], see [[list of onion cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |87.2<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Garlic.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium sativum'' |bulbs |Asia |[[garlic]] | style="text-align:right" |24.8 |- |[[File:Leek.jpg|125x125px]] |''Allium ampeloprasum'' |leaf sheaths |Europe and Middle East |[[leek]], [[elephant garlic]] | style="text-align:right" |21.7 |- |[[File:Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg|125x125px]] |''[[Capsicum annuum]]'' |fruits |North and South America |[[Capsicum annuum|pepper]], [[bell pepper]], sweet pepper | style="text-align:right" |34.5<ref name="dry" group="n" /> |- |[[File:Espinac_5nov.JPG|125x125px]] |''Spinacia oleracea'' |leaves |Central and southwestern Asia |[[spinach]] | style="text-align:right" |21.7 |- |[[File:Dioscorea_polystachya_(batatas).jpg|125x125px]] |''Dioscorea spp.'' |tubers |Tropical Africa |[[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] | style="text-align:right" |59.5 |- |[[File:Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG|125x125px]] |''Ipomoea batatas'' |tubers, leaves, shoots |Central and South America |[[sweet potato]], see [[list of sweet potato cultivars]] | style="text-align:right" |108.0 |- |[[File:Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg|125x125px]] |''Manihot esculenta'' |tubers |South America |[[cassava]] | style="text-align:right" |269.1 |} {{reflist|group=n}} == Abincin gina jiki da lafiya == [[File:Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg|thumb|Kayan lambu (da wasu fruitan itace) na siyarwa a kan titi a Guntur, Indiya]] Kayan lambu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin mutane. Yawancinsu suna da ƙarancin mai da adadin kuzari amma sun yi yawa kuma suna cikewa. Suna samar da fiber na abinci kuma sune tushen mahimmancin bitamin, ma'adanai, da abubuwan da aka gano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vegetables |url=https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=www.myplate.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture |archive-date=2022-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417195851/https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/vegetables |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musamman mahimmanci sune bitamin antioxidant A, C, da E. Lokacin da aka hada kayan lambu a cikin abincin, an sami raguwar cutar kansa, bugun jini, cututtukan zuciya, da sauran cututtukan cututtukan fata.<ref name=Terry2011>{{cite book|author=Terry, Leon |title=Health-Promoting Properties of Fruits and Vegetables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gNEZoC86dMQC |year=2011 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1-84593-529-0 |pages=2–4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Büchner|first1=Frederike L.|last2=Bueno-de-Mesquita|first2=H. Bas|last3=Ros|first3=Martine M.|last4=Overvad|first4=Kim|last5=Dahm|first5=Christina C.|last6=Hansen|first6=Louise|last7=Tjønneland|first7=Anne|last8=Clavel-Chapelon|first8=Françoise|last9=Boutron-Ruault|first9=Marie-Christine|date=2010-09-01|title=Variety in fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition|journal=Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention|volume=19|issue=9|pages=2278–86|doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0489|issn=1538-7755|pmid=20807832|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da mutane wadanda ke ci kasa da uku na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari a kowace rana, wadanda ke cin abinci sama da sau biyar, suna da kusan kashi ashirin cikin kananan hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya ko bugun jini. Abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai mahimmanci na kayan lambu sun bambanta da yawa; wasu suna dauke da kwayoyin furotin masu amfani kodayake yawanci suna dauke da mai mai yawa,<ref name="Li2008">{{cite book|author=Li, Thomas S.C. |title=Vegetables and Fruits: Nutritional and Therapeutic Values |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6zNOdkqmMYC|year=2008|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-6873-3 |pages=1–2}}</ref> da abubuwa masu yawa dabam dabam kamar su Vitamin A, Vitamin K, da Vitamin B6; maganin zalunci; ma'adinai na abinci; da kuma carbohydrates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What teeth reveal about the lives of modern humans |url=https://news.osu.edu/what-teeth-reveal-about-the-lives-of-modern-humans/ |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=What teeth reveal about the lives of modern humans |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boughner |first=Julia |title=Bad molars? The origins of wisdom teeth |url=http://theconversation.com/bad-molars-the-origins-of-wisdom-teeth-104835 |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=The Conversation |date=9 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, kayan lambu sau da yawa ma suna da gubobi da antinutrients wadanda ke tsoma baki tare da daukar abubuwan gina jiki. Wadannan sun hada da α-solanine, α-chaconine, enzyme inhibitors (na cholinesterase, protease, amylase, da sauransu), cyanide da kuma abubuwan kirar cyanide, oxalic acid, tannins da sauransu. kwari, da masu farauta da fungi wadanda zasu iya kai hari ga shuka. Wasu wake suna dauke da phytohaemagglutinin, kuma tushen roba yana dauke da glycoside cyanogenic kamar yadda ake yin harbe-harbe. Wadannan gubobi ana iya kashe su ta hanyar girkin da ya dace. Ganyen dankali ya kunshi glycoalkaloids kuma ya kamata a guji shi. 'Ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, musamman kayan lambu, an shanye su a cikin kusan rabin cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke haifar da noroirus a Amurka. Wadannan abinci ana cin abinci da yawa kankani ne kuma mai yiwuwa ya kazantu yayin shirye-shiryen abincin da ke dauke da cutar. Tsabtacewa yana da mahimmanci yayin sarrafa abinci da za a ci da shi, kuma irin wadannan samfuran suna bukatar tsabtace da kyau, sarrafa su, da adana su don iyakance gurbataccen aiki.<ref>https://www.dw.com/image/16687924_303.jpg</ref><ref>https://img-global.cpcdn.com/recipes/1e0a6c6e233cc83d/751x532cq70/yankakun-kayan-miya-da-kayan-lambu-ainihin-hoton-girkin.jpg</ref><ref>https://www.vegetables.co.nz/vegetables-a-z/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3VMhj6LkKI</ref> ===Shawara=== [[File:Vegetable consumption per capita, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Vegetable consumption per capita in 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Vegetable consumption per capita |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/vegetable-consumption-per-capita |website=Our World in Data |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>]] Hukumar ka'idodin Abinci na USDA na Amurkawa sun ba da shawarar cin abinci guda biyar zuwa tara na 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari a kullum.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131207154611/http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2000/2000DGBrochureFabulousFruits.pdf Fabulous fruits... versatile vegetables.] United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2012-03-30.</ref> Jimlar adadin da ake cinyewa zai bambanta dangane da shekaru da jinsi, kuma an ƙaddara shi bisa daidaitattun girman rabo da aka saba cinyewa, da kuma abubuwan gina jiki gabaɗaya. Ba a haɗa dankali a cikin kirgawa saboda galibi masu samar da sitaci ne. Ga mafi yawan kayan lambu da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, abinci ɗaya shine rabin kofi kuma ana iya ci danye ko dafa shi. Ga ganyen ganye, irin su latas da alayyahu, abinci guda ɗaya yawanci kofi ne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Replenish/WhatisaServing/What-is-a-Serving_UCM_301838_Article.jsp |title=What is a serving? |date=2014-12-18 |publisher=American Heart Association |access-date=2015-09-26}}</ref> Ya kamata a zabi nau'o'in kayayyaki kamar yadda babu 'ya'yan itace ko kayan lambu da ke samar da dukkanin sinadarai da ake bukata don lafiya.<ref name=Harvard>{{cite web |url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/vegetables-and-fruits/ |title=Vegetables and Fruits |publisher=Harvard School of Public Health |access-date=2015-09-14|date=2012-09-18 }}</ref> == Production == === Noma === [[File:AUSAID SOUTH AFRICA (10672860713).jpg|thumb|right|Growing vegetables in South Africa]] Kayan lambu sun kasance wani ɓangare na abincin ɗan adam tun a tarihi. Wasu abinci ne masu mahimmanci amma yawancin kayan abinci ne na kayan abinci, suna ƙara nau'o'in abinci tare da dandano na musamman kuma a lokaci guda, suna ƙara kayan abinci masu mahimmanci ga lafiya. Wasu kayan lambu suna da yawa amma yawancin shekara-shekara ne da biennials, yawanci ana girbe su a cikin shekara ɗaya na shuka ko dasa. Duk wani tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen noman amfanin gona, noman yana bin irin wannan tsari; shirya ƙasa ta hanyar sassauta shi, cirewa ko binne ciyawa, da ƙara taki ko taki; shuka iri ko dasa tsire-tsire matasa; kula da amfanin gona yayin da yake girma don rage gasar ciyayi, magance kwari, da samar da isasshen ruwa; girbin amfanin gona lokacin da ya shirya; rarrabuwa, adanawa, da tallata amfanin gona ko cin sabo daga ƙasa.<ref name=RHS>{{cite book |title=The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening |editor-last1=Brickell |editor-first1=Christopher |year=1992 |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn=978-0-86318-979-1 |pages=303–08}}</ref> [[File:John Deere tractor between cabbage rows.jpg|thumb|right|Weeding cabbages in Colorado, US]] A kan sikelin cikin gida, spade, cokali mai yatsa, da fartanya kayan aikin zaɓi ne yayin da a kan gonakin kasuwanci ana samun kewayon kayan aikin injiniya. Bayan tarakta, waɗannan sun haɗa da garma, harrows, drills, masu dasawa, masu noma, kayan ban ruwa, da masu girbi. Sabbin dabaru suna canza hanyoyin noma da ke tattare da shuka kayan lambu tare da tsarin sa ido na kwamfuta, masu gano GPS, da shirye-shiryen sarrafa kai don injunan marasa direba suna ba da fa'idodin tattalin arziki.<ref name=Field>{{cite book|author1=Field, Harry|author2=Solie, John|title=Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology: A Problem Solving Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWWc8VmdqDAC |year=2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-36915-0}}</ref> === Girbi === [[File:Harvesting - geograph.org.uk - 290336.jpg|thumb|left|Harvesting beetroot in the United Kingdom]] Idan aka girbe kayan lambu, ana yanke shi daga tushen ruwa da abinci. Yana ci gaba da fitowa kuma yana rasa danshi yayin da yake yin haka, tsarin da aka fi sani a cikin bushewar kayan lambu masu kore. Girbi tushen kayan lambu lokacin da suka girma yana inganta rayuwarsu ta ajiya, amma a madadin haka, ana iya barin waɗannan tushen amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa kuma a girbe su na tsawon lokaci. Tsarin girbi yakamata ya nemi rage lalacewa da rauni ga amfanin gona. Za a iya shanya albasa da tafarnuwa na ’yan kwanaki a gona kuma amfanin gona kamar dankalin turawa suna cin gajiyar ɗan gajeren lokacin girma a cikin yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano, a lokacin raunukan suna warkewa kuma fata ta yi kauri ta yi tauri. Kafin kasuwa ko adanawa, ana buƙatar yin grading don cire kayan da suka lalace da zaɓen kayan amfanin gona gwargwadon ingancinsa, girmansa, girmarsa, da launinsa.<ref name=Dixie>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0185e/a0185e0a.htm |title=8. Post-harvest handling: Storage |author=Dixie, Grahame |year=2005 |work=Horticultural Marketing |publisher=FAO |access-date=2015-03-21}}</ref> === Adana === Duk kayan lambu suna amfana daga kulawar da ta dace bayan girbi. Yawancin kayan lambu da abinci masu lalacewa suna ɓacewa bayan girbi a lokacin ajiya. Wannan asarar na iya kaiwa kashi talatin zuwa hamsin cikin dari a kasashe masu tasowa inda babu isassun wuraren ajiyar sanyi. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da asara sun haɗa da lalacewa ta hanyar danshi, gyaggyarawa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da kwari.<ref name="PrakashGarg">{{cite book|author1=Garg & Prakash|author2=Garg, H.P. |title=Solar Energy: Fundamentals and Applications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v_LfcIdJxIC&pg=PA191 |year=2000 |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=978-0-07-463631-2 |page=191}}</ref> [[File:Gerooide aardappels.JPG|thumb|Temporary storage of potatoes in the Netherlands]] Adana na iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci. Yawancin kayan lambu suna lalacewa kuma ajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci na ƴan kwanaki suna ba da sassauci a cikin tallace-tallace. A lokacin ajiya, kayan lambu masu ganye suna rasa danshi, kuma bitamin C a cikin su yana raguwa da sauri. Wasu ƴan samfurori irin su dankali da albasa suna da kyawawan halaye kuma ana iya siyar da su idan ana samun farashi mai yawa, kuma ta hanyar tsawaita lokacin tallace-tallace, ana iya siyar da yawan amfanin gona. Idan ba a sami ajiya mai sanyi ba, fifiko ga yawancin amfanin gona shi ne adana kayan amfanin gona masu inganci, da kiyaye yanayin zafi mai yawa, da kuma kiyaye amfanin gona a cikin inuwa.<ref name=pxk>Kohli, Pawanexh (2008) "Why Cold Chain for Vegetables" in [http://crosstree.info/Documents/Care%20of%20F%20n%20V.pdf ''Fruits and Vegetables Post-Harvest Care: The Basics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103014943/http://www.crosstree.info/Documents/Care |date=2020-11-03 }}. Crosstree Techno-visors</ref> == Matsayi == International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) tana tsara ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da cewa samfura da ayyuka suna da aminci, abin dogaro, kuma masu inganci. Akwai ma'auni da yawa na ISO dangane da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.<ref name="fvdp">{{cite web |title=ISO - 67.080 - Fruits. Vegetables |url=https://www.iso.org/ics/67.080/x/ |website=www.iso.org |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924184352/https://www.iso.org/ics/67.080/x/ |archive-date=24 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> TS EN ISO 1991-1: 1982 ya lissafa sunayen tsirrai na nau'ikan tsire-tsire sittin da daya da aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan lambu tare da sunayen gama gari na kayan lambu a cikin Ingilishi, Faransanci, da Rashanci.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=6728 |title=ISO 1991-1:1982: Vegetables – Nomenclature |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=2015-03-20}}</ref> ISO 67.080.20 ya ƙunshi ajiya da jigilar kayan lambu da samfuran da aka samu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&ICS2=080&ICS3=20& |title=67.080.20: Vegetables and derived products |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=2015-03-20}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} h7qw9ovi8sa9hpivvu8sckytwgxk03x 0 13336 841444 702249 2026-05-28T10:41:19Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_Mother_Teresa_with_the_Medal_of_Freedom_at_a_White_House_Ceremony_in_the_Rose_Garden.jpg with [[File:President_Reagan_Presents_Mother_Teresa_with_the_Medal_of_Freedom_at_a_White_House_Ceremony_in_the_Rose_Garden_ 841444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Mary Teresa Norton cph.3b14795.jpg|thumb|Mama Teresa lokacin tana matashiya]] [[File:Mother Teresa 1995.jpg|thumb|Mama Teresa a shekarar 1995]] [[Fayil:Statue Mother Teresa Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02284.jpg|thumb|mama teresa]] '''Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu''' (an haifi '''Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu''',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-patron-saint-calcutta-49651357|title=Vatican declares Mother Teresa a patron saint of Calcutta|author=Manik Banerjee|date=6 September 2017|publisher=Associated Press, ABC News.com|accessdate=6 September 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906160015/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/vatican-declares-mother-teresa-patron-saint-calcutta-49651357|archivedate=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/mother-teresa-to-be-named-co-patron-of-calcutta-archdiocese-on-first-canonization-anniversary-4007169.html|title=Mother Teresa to be named co-patron of Calcutta Archdiocese on first canonization anniversary|date=4 September 2017|magazine=First Post|accessdate=5 September 2017}}</ref> Albanian:  ; a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif 1910, zuwa &nbsp;ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, Shekara ta alif 1997), wacce akafi sani a matsayin '''Mother Teresa''' da kuma girmama a cikin cocin Katolika a matsayin '''Saint Teresa na Calcutta,'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.killaladiocese.org/canonisation-of-blessed-mother-teresa-september-4th/|title=Canonisation of Mother Teresa – September 4th|website=Diocese of Killala|date=September 2016|accessdate=4 September 2016|archive-date=8 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908122310/http://www.killaladiocese.org/canonisation-of-blessed-mother-teresa-september-4th/|url-status=dead}}</ref> an Albanian<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shqiptariiitalise.com/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/kur-nene-tereza-vinte-ne-tirane2.html|title=Kur Nënë Tereza vinte në Tiranë/2|first=bota|last=shqiptare|publisher=|access-date=2020-03-24|archive-date=2016-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918175822/http://www.shqiptariiitalise.com/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/kur-nene-tereza-vinte-ne-tirane2.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=2016-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918175822/http://www.shqiptariiitalise.com/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/shqiperi-itali/kur-nene-tereza-vinte-ne-tirane2.html}}</ref> - Indian Roman Katolika Nun, da mishan . An haife ta ne a Skopje (yanzu itace babban birnin [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makedonia]] ), sannan wani ɓangare na Kosovo Vilayet na Daular Ottoman. Bayan ta zauna a Skopje shekaru goma sha takwas, sai tai ƙaura zuwa Ireland sannan kuma ta tafi [[Indiya]], inda ta zauna mafi yawan rayuwarta. A shekarar alif 1950, Teresa ta kafa Mishanarai na Tallafawa, a wani taron addini na Roman Katolika wanda ya kai 4,500 na nunsshekarana aukuwa a kasashe 133 a shekara ta 2012. Ikilisiya tana kula da gidaje don mutanen da ke mutuwa ta [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], kuturta da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] . Hakanan yana gudanar da dafa abinci na dafa abinci, kayan dafa abinci, asibitocin tafi-da-gidanka, shirye-shiryen ba da shawara ga yara da na iyali, harma da marayu da makarantu. Wakilai suna yin alwashi na tsabta, talauci, da biyayya, sannan kuma suna yin alkawarin hudun - don ba da "yardar rai kyauta ga matalautan matalauta." <ref>Muggeridge (1971), chapter 3, "Mother Teresa Speaks", pp. 105, 113</ref> Teresa ta samu karramawa da dama, ciki har da (1962) Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize da kuma shekara ta alif (1979) Nobel Peace Prize . Ta kasance sananne a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar, shekarata 2016, kuma ranar tunawa da mutuwarta (5 ga watan Satumba) ita ce ranar bikinta . Wani mutum mai rikitarwa a rayuwarsa da kuma bayan mutuwarta, mutane da yawa suna alfahari da Teresa saboda aikinta na kyautatawa. An yaba mata da yin Allah wadai kan lamurra daban-daban, irin su ra'ayoyinta game da zubar da ciki da hana haihuwa, kuma ana sukar ta da mummunan yanayi a cikin gidajen ta na masu mutuwa. Navin Chawla ne ya rubuta tarihinta wanda aka ba da izini kuma aka buga shi a Shekara ta alif (1992) kuma ta kasance 'yan fim da sauran littattafai.A 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, Teresa da St-Francis Xavier an ba su sunayen abokan tarayya na Archdiocese na Roman Katolika na Calcutta. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Farkon rayuwa === [[File:Memorial_house_of_Mother_Teresa.jpg|alt=Urban stone-and-glass building|left|thumb| Bikin tunawa da mahaifiyar Iyaye Teresa a garin haihuwarta Skopje ]] An haifi Teresa Anjezë Gonxhe (ko Gonxha) <ref name="Egan 1992">''Blessed Are You: Mother Teresa and the Beatitudes'', ed. by Eileen Egan and Kathleen Egan, O.S.B., MJF Books: New York, 1992</ref> Bojaxhiu ( Albanian:  ; ''Anjezë'' ne cognate na "Agnes". ''Gonxhe'' yana nufin "furebud" ko "karamar fure" a cikin Albanian ) a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif (1910) a cikin dangin Kosovar Albanian a Skopje (yanzu babban birnin [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makedoniya]] ), [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . An yi mata baftisma a Skopje, kwana bayan haifuwarta. Daga baya ta yi la’akari da ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, ranar da aka yi mata baftisma, ‘bikinta na gaskiya’. <ref name="MToC">(2002) "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910–1997)". ''Vatican News Service''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> Ta kuma kasance ƙaramar yarinyar Nikollë da Dranafile Bojaxhiu (Bernai). Mahaifinta, wanda ke da hannu a cikin siyasar Albaniya a cikin Ottoman Macedonia, ya mutu a shekara ta alif (1919), lokacin yana dan shekara takwas. <ref name="MToC">(2002) "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910–1997)". ''Vatican News Service''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> <ref>Although some sources state she was 10 when her father died, in an interview with her brother, the Vatican documents her age at the time as "about eight".</ref> Wataƙila ya fito ne daga Prizren, Kosovo, kuma wataƙila mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga kauyen kusa da Gjakova . Dangane da tarihin daga Joan Graff Clucas, Teresa ta kasance a cikin shekarunta lokacin da labaru game da rayuwar mishaneri da hidimarsu a Bengal ya burge ta ; har ta kai shekara 12, ta hakikance cewa yakamata ta sadaukar da rayuwarta ga addini. Shirin ta ya ƙarfafa a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta alif 1928, yayin da tayi addu'a a farfajiyar Madonna na Madina na Vitina-Letnice, inda ta saba yin aikin haji . <ref>Meg Greene, ''Mother Teresa: A Biography'', Greenwood Press, 2004, p. 11.</ref> Teresa ta bar gida a shekarar alif 1928, yayin da take da Shekara 18, don shiga Sisters of Loreto a Loreto Abbey a Rathfarnham, Ireland, don koyan Turanci tare da ra'ayin zama mishan; Ingilishi shine harshen koyar da Yan'uwa mata na Loreto a Indiya. Ba ta taɓa ganin mahaifiyarta ko ƙanwarta ba. <ref>Sharn, Lori (5 September 1997). [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/mothert/mother01.htm "Mother Teresa dies at 87"]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved 5 September 2016</ref> Iyalinta sun zauna a Skopje har zuwa shekarar alif 1934, lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Tirana . Ta isa Indiya a Shekara ta alif 1929 , kuma ta fara ta novitiate a Darjeeling, a cikin kananan [[Himalaya|Himalayas]], <ref>Clucas (1988), p. 31</ref> inda ta koya Bengali da kuma koyarwa a St. Teresa ta School dake kusa da Conven dinta. <ref>Meg Greene, Mother Teresa: A Biography, Greenwood Press, 2004, page 17.</ref> Teresa ta dauki alwashin farko na addini a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu, Shekara ta alif 1931. Ta zaɓi zama mai suna bayan Thérèse de Lisieux, mai tsaro na mishan na mishan; saboda wata macen zawara a cikin gidan masarautar ta riga ta za bi wannan suna, Agnes ya zaɓi yaren rubutun Mutanen Espanya (Teresa). <ref>Meg Greene, Mother Teresa: A Biography, Greenwood Press, 2004, page 18.</ref> Teresa ta yi alƙawura a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, Shekara ta alif 1937, yayin da take malama a makarantar koyar da adami ta Loreto a , gabashin Calcutta. <ref name="MToC">(2002) "Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910–1997)". ''Vatican News Service''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> Ta yi aiki a wurin kusan kusan shekaru ashirin kuma an nada ta a matsayin shugabar mata a shekarar alif 1944. <ref>Meg Greene, Mother Teresa: A Biography, Greenwood Press, 2004, page 25.</ref> Duk da cewa Teresa ta ji daɗin koyarwa a makarantar, amma ta damu sosai da talaucin da ke kewaye da ita a [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] . Yunwar Bengal na shekarar alif 1943, ya kawo tashin hankali da mutuwa a cikin birni, kuma Ranar Yakin 1946 kai tsaye ya fara lokacin tashin hankalin Musulmi da Hindu. === Mishan cikin Sadaka === [[File:Missionaries_of_Charity_Mother_House.jpg|alt=Three-story building with a sign and a statue|thumb| Mishanarai na Charity motherhouse a Kolkata ]] A ranar 10 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif 1946, Teresa ta sami abin da ta bayyana daga baya a matsayin "kira a cikin kira" lokacin da ta yi tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa zuwa wurin ajiyar kayayyaki na Loreto a Darjeeling daga [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] don komawar ta shekara-shekara. "Ya kamata in fita daga cikin tashoshin don taimakon talakawa yayin da nake zaune a cikinsu. Umarni ne. Rashin faɗuwa dã ya kasance yana rushe imani. " Daga baya Joseph Langford ya rubuta, "Ko da yake ba wanda ya san shi a lokacin, 'yar'uwar Teresa ta zama ''Uwar'' Teresa". Ta fara aikin mishan tare da matalauta a cikin shekarar alif 1948, sauya al'ada ta Loreto ta al'ada tare da sari, farin auduga sari tare da shudin iyaka. Teresa ta amince da zama ɗan baƙon Indiya, ta yi watanni da yawa a Patna don karɓar horo na asali a Asibitin Holy Family kuma ta shiga cikin tutocin. Ta kafa makaranta a Motijhil, Kolkata, kafin ta fara kula da matalauta da masu fama da yunwa. A farkon shekarar alif 1949, wasu gungun matasa mata sun hadar da Teresa a cikin kokarin ta, sannan ta aza harsashin kafa sabuwar kungiyar addini da ke taimaka wa "mafi talauci a cikin matalauta". Kokarin ta ya ja hankalin jami’an Indiya cikin hanzari, gami da Firayim Minista. Teresa ta rubuta a cikin rubutunta cewa shekarar ta farko tana fama da wahala. Ba tare da samun kuɗin shiga ba, ta roƙi abinci da kayan abinci da ƙwarewar shakku, kadaici da jaraba don dawowa cikin ta'aziyyar rayuwar duniya yayin waɗannan farkon watanni: Ubangijinmu nason in zama yantattar mai bauta wacce aka lullube cikin talaucin yesu, A yau, na ilimantu da darussa masu kyau. Talaucin talaka dole yayi masu tsanani, sanda nake neman gida nayi tafiya har saida kafafuna sukayi ciwo, nayi tunanin cewa tyaushe ne zasu bar wannan ciwo ga rayuwata, ina neman gida, abinci da lafiya. Sai jindadin loreto yashafe ni, yace kawai ki fadi Kalmar duk wani abu zai zama naki, haka dai mai shafar yacigaba da cewa..., cikin budaddiyar zabi, Dan Allah na kuma dan sona agare ki, na zaba inyi komi danke bazan bar wani hawaye ya sauka daga ida nunki ba. [[File:Sisters_of_Charity.jpg|alt=Four nuns in sandals and white-and-blue saris|left|thumb| Mishan Sadaka a saris na gargajiya ]] A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, Shekara ta alif 1950, Teresa ta sami izini daga Vatican don ikilisiyar diocesan, wanda zai zama mishaneri na Sadaka. A cikin maganganun ta, zai kula da "masu fama da yunwa, tsirara, marasa gida, guragu, makafi, kutare, duk waɗannan mutanen da suke jin ƙin sonsu, marasa ƙauna, waɗanda ba su kula da su ba a duk faɗin jama'a, mutanen da suka zama nauyi ga jama'a kuma kowa ya nisanta dashi ”. A shekarar alif 1952, Teresa ta buɗe hospice dinta na farko da taimako jami'ai daga Calcutta. Ta sauya hanikalin Hindu da aka yi watsi da ita zuwa Gidan Kalighat na Mutuwa, kyauta ne ga matalauta, ta kuma sanya mata suna Kalighat, Gidan Zuciyar Mai Tsabta (Nirmal Hriday). Wadanda kawo wa gida samu likita da hankali da kuma damar da za su mutu tare da mutunci a cikin daidai da ban-gaskiyarsu: Musulmi suna karanta [[Al Kur'ani|Kur'ani]], 'yan Hindu samu ruwa daga ganges, kuma Katolika samu matsananci unction . "Kyakkyawan mutuwa", in ji Teresa, "don mutane waɗanda suka rayu kamar dabbobi su mutu kamar mala'iku - suna ƙauna da so." [[File:Nirmal_Hriday_facade.jpg|alt=White, older building|thumb| Nirmal Hriday, Uwargida na Calcutta na Mama Teresa, a cikin 2007 ]] Ta buɗe ofishi ga waɗanda ke da kuturta, suna kiranta Shanti Nagar (Birnin Zaman Lafiya). Kungiyoyin mishan na Agaji sun kafa cibiyoyin cutar kuturta, a ko'ina cikin Calcutta, suna ba da magunguna, riguna da abinci. Mishan din na Agaji sun karu da yawaitar yara marasa gida; a shekarar alif 1955, Teresa ta bude Nirmala Shishu Bhavan, Gidan Yaran Yara na Zuciya, a zaman mafaka ga marayu da matasa marasa gida. Ikilisiyar ta yafara jawo hankalin ma'aikata da gudummawowi, kuma har ya zuwa shekarar 1960, sun bude ofisoshin marayu, gidajen marayu da gidajen kuturu a cikin ko'ina na kasar Indiya. Daga nan Teresa ta faɗaɗa ikilisiya a ƙasar waje, ta buɗe gida a Venezuela a shekara ta alif 1965, tare da ’yan’uwa mata biyar. An bi gidaje a Italiya (Rome), Tanzania da Austria a cikin shekarar 1968, kuma a cikin shekarun 1970 ikilisiya ta buɗe gidaje da tushe a Amurka da dama ƙasashe a Asiya, Afirka da Turai. An kafa mishan na Missionaries of Charity Brothers a shekarar alif 1963, kuma reshe ne mai dauke da tunani na San’uwa ya biyo baya a shekarar 1976. Lay Katolika da waɗanda ba Katolika ba sun sami rajista a cikin -kungiyar Ma'aikata na Uwar Teresa, Masu aikin Marasa lafiya da wahala, da kuma mishan na Ma'aikatan Sadaka. Da yake amsa buƙatu daga firistoci da yawa, a cikin Shekara ta alif 1981, Mama Teresa ta kafa kungiyar Corpus Christi Movement na Firistoci tare da Joseph Langford mishaneri na Ubanni a cikin Shekara ta alif 1984, don haɗu da manufofin sana'a na mishan na ba da agaji tare da kayan aikin rayuwar firistoci. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mcpriests.com/ |title=The Religious Community of priests founded by Mother Teresa. ''Missionaries of Charity Fathers'' |access-date=2020-03-24 |archive-date=2016-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211191550/http://www.mcpriests.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Mother Teresa 1996.jpg|thumb|Mama Teresa]] Ya zuwa shekarar alif 1997, majami'ar Calcutta mai mambobi 13 sun girma zuwa fiye da 'yan'uwa mata 4,000 waɗanda ke kula da marayu, gidajen kula da cutar kanjamau da cibiyoyin bayar da agaji a duk duniya, suna kula da' yan gudun hijirar, makafi, nakasassu, tsofaffi, mashaya giya, gajiyayyu da marasa gida da waɗanda ambaliyar ta shafa, annoba da kuma yunwa. A shekara ta 2007, mishan mishan na Charity ya ƙididdige kimanin 'yan’uwa 450 da ’yan’uwa mata 5,000 a duk duniya, waɗanda ke aiki mishan 600, makarantu da mafaka a cikin ƙasashe 120. === Sadaka ta kasa da kasa === Teresa ta ce, "Da jini, Ni dan Albaniya ne. Ta zama ɗan ƙasa, Ba'indiye ne. Ta wurin bangaskiya, ni wata mazhabar Katolika ce. Game da kirana, ni na duniya ce. "Game da zuciyata, gaba daya na daga cikin zuciyar Yesu ne." Luwararru cikin harsuna biyar-Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, [[Turanci]] da Hindi - ta yi tafiye-tafiye na lokaci-lokaci a wajen India saboda dalilai na bil-adama. A tsaunin Siege na Beirut a shekarar 1982, Teresa ta ceci yara 37 da aka makale a wani asibiti kafin ta hanyar tsagaita wuta na wucin gadi tsakanin sojojin Isra’ila da masu gwagwarmayar Falasdinawa.Tare da ma'aikatan kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, ta bi ta yankin yaki zuwa asibiti don kwashe matasa marasa lafiya. Lokacin da gabashin Turai ta sami karuwa a ƙarshen 1980s, Teresa ta faɗaɗa ƙoƙarinta ga ƙasashen Kwaminisanci waɗanda suka ƙi Mishan Mishan na Sadaka. Ta fara shirye-shirye da dama, ba tare da wata damuwa ba game da matsayinta na hana zubar da ciki da kisan aure: "Babu wanda ya ce menene, ya kamata ka karba shi da murmushi ka yi aikinka." Ta ziyarci Armenia bayan girgizar kasa na 1988 kuma ta sadu da Nikolai Ryzhkov, Shugaban Majalisar Ministocin . Teresa ta yi tafiya don taimakawa masu fama da yunwa a Habasha, wadanda suka kamu da radadin cutar a Chernobyl da kuma wadanda girgizar ta shafa a Armenia. <ref>Cooper, Kenneth J. (14 September 1997). "Mother Teresa Laid to Rest After Multi-Faith Tribute". ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved 30 May 2007</ref> A 1991, ta koma [[Albaniya|Albania]] a karon farko, inda ta buɗe Ofishin mishan na Charity Brothers gida a Tirana . A shekarar 1996, Teresa ta fara aiki da misalai 517 a cikin kasashe sama da 100. Mishanninta na Rahamar sun karu daga goma sha biyu zuwa dubbai, suna masu hidimar "matalautan matalauta" a cibiyoyi 450 na duniya. An kafa Ofishin mishan na farko na Charity a cikin Amurka a yankin South Bronx na [[New York (birni)|New York City]], kuma har ya zuwa shekarar 1984 ikilisiya tana gudanar da rukunoni 19 a cikin ƙasar. === Karayar lafiya da mutuwa === Teresa ta sami bugun zuciya a Rome a 1983 yayin da ta ke ziyartar [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul II]] . Bayan harin na biyu a 1989, ta sami na'urar bugun zuciya . A 1991, bayan cutar huhu a Mexico,tana da karin matsalolin zuciya. Kodayake Teresa ta ba da shawarar yin murabus a matsayin shugabar mishan na Sadaka, a cikin wata takaddar sirri da 'yar'uwar ikilisiyar suka zabe ta ta ci gaba kuma ta yarda ta ci gaba. A watan Afrilun 1996,ta fadi,ta karya kashinta na wuya, kuma bayan wata hudu ta [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|kamu]] da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da ciwon zuciya . Kodayake Teresa ta yi aikin tiyata, amma lafiyar ta tana raguwa. A cewar Akbishop na Calcutta Henry Sebastian D’Souza, ya umarci wani firist da ya yi aikin fitarwa (tare da izininsa) lokacin da aka garzaya da ita asibiti da matsalolin bugun zuciya saboda yana tunanin watakila shaidan ne ya same shi. <ref>Bindra, Satinder (7 September 2001)."Archbishop: Mother Teresa underwent exorcism". ''CNN'' Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref>. A ranar 13 Maris 1997 Teresa ta yi murabus a matsayin shugabar Mishan of Charity, kuma ta mutu ne a ranar 5 ga Satumba. Lokacin da ta mutu, mishaneri na Sadaka yana da 'yan'uwa mata sama da 4,000 da kuma ɗan uwan mambobi 300 waɗanda ke aiki a ofisoshi 610 a cikin ƙasashe 123. Waɗannan sun haɗa da baƙi da gidaje ga mutanen da ke [[Kanjamau|ɗauke]] da [[Kanjamau|kwayar cutar HIV, AIDS]], kuturta da tarin fuka, dafaffen dafa abinci, shirye-shiryen kula da yara da na yara, marayu da makarantu. Missionungiyar mishan ta Charan agaji ta taimaka da abokan aikinta waɗanda suka ƙidaya sama da miliyan ɗaya a shekarun 1990. Teresa ta ajiye a cikin wani akwati da aka bude a St Thomas, Calcutta, tsawon mako guda kafin jana'izarta. Ta samu jana'izar hukuma daga gwamnatin Indiya bisa godiya saboda hidimta wa talakawan dukkan addinai a kasar. Taimakawa ta hanyar firistoci guda biyar, Sakatariyar Kudi ta Kasa Angelo Sodano, wakilin Paparoma, ya yi bikin ƙarshe. Mutuwar Teresa ta kasance makoki a cikin mutane da kuma al'ummomin addini. Firayim Minista na Pakistan Nawaz Sharif ya kira ta "mutum ne da baƙonsa ba kuma wanda ya daɗe yana da babban buri. Tsawon rayuwarta tsawon rai ga kulawa da talakawa, marassa lafiya, da nakasassu na daga cikin mafi girman misalai na bautarmu ga bil'adama. " A cewar tsohon Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, "Ita ce Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tana da zaman lafiya a duniya". == Martabawa da karɓuwa == === Indiya === Gwamnatin Indiya ta fara amincewa da Teresa da farko ne a fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farkon ƙarni, ta karɓi Padma Shri a shekarar alif 1962, da lambar yabo ta Jawaharlal Nehru don Fahimtar ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar alif 1969. Daga baya ta sami wasu lambobin yabo na Indiya, wadanda suka hada da Bharat Ratna (lambar yabo mafi girma a Indiya) a shekarar alif 1980. Littafin tarihin Teresa wanda Navin Chawla ya wallafa, a cikin Shekara ta alif 1992. A cikin [[Kolkata]], wasu 'Hindu bauta mata a matsayin abin bauta. Don tunawa da bikin cikarta shekara 100 da haihuwar ta, gwamnatin Indiya ta bayar da tsabar kudi ₹ 5 na musamman (yawan kudin da Teresa ta samu lokacin da ta je Indiya) a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2010. Shugaba Pratibha Patil ta ce, "Clad cikin fararen sari mai launin shudi, ita da 'yan uwan Mishan na Charity sun zama alamar ta bege ga mutane da yawa - tsofaffi, gajiyayyu, marasa aikin yi, marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya. da akayi watsi dasu daga iyalansu. " Ra'ayoyin Indiya akan Teresa ba masu dacewa ba kamar yadda kowane dan kasan ke ganinta. Aroup Chatterjee, likita ne da aka haife shi a Calcutta wanda ya kasance mai fafutuka a cikin tatsuniyar biranen shekaru kusan 1980 kafin ya koma Burtaniya, ya ce "bai ma taɓa ganin wata tsawa ba a cikin waɗannan rukunin gidajen". Binciken nasa, wanda ya hada da tambayoyi sama da 100 tare da masu sa kai, da sanatoci da kuma wasu da suka saba da mishan Mishanai, an bayyana su a cikin littafin 2003. da ke da masaniyar Teresa. Chatterjee ta soki ta game da gabatar da "al'adar wahala" da mummunan gurbata ta Calcutta, yin karin gishiri game da aikin da aka yi mata ta hanyar amfani da kudi da kuma gata a wajen ta. <ref name="Chatterjee">Chatterjee, Aroup, Introduction to ''The Final Verdict''</ref> A cewarsa, wasu matsalolin tsabtace tsabta da ya soki (na sake amfani da allura, alal misali) bayan mutuwar Teresa a Shekara ta alif 1997. Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya, mayor na Kolkata daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2010, ya ce "ba ta da wani tasiri a kan talakawa na wannan birni", ta sami lafiya a maimakon ta yi maganin ta kuma ta ba da labarin gari: "Babu shakka akwai talauci a Calcutta, amma ba ta taɓa kasance wani gari na kutare da masu bara ba, kamar yadda UwaTeresa ta gabatar da shi. " A gefen Hindu, Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata ta yi karo da Teresa a kan Christian Dalits amma ta yaba mata a cikin mutuwa kuma ta aiko da wakili don yi mata jana'izarta. Ita dai Vishwa Hindu Parishad, ta yi adawa da matakin da gwamnati ta dauka na yi mata jana’iza. Sakatare Giriraj Kishore ta ce "aikinta na farko shine Cocin da hidimar zamantakewa ba ta faru ba", inda ta zarge ta da fifita Kiristoci da kuma yin “baftisma a ɓoye” na masu mutuwa. <ref>[http://eci.nic.in/ECI_Main/DJ/Frontline%201997%20Article%20published%20in%20Hindu.pdf#page=3 A life of selfless caring] – [[Frontline (magazine)]] article.</ref> A wani gaban-shafin, fortnightly ''frontline ta'' sallami zargin a matsayin "patently na ƙarya" kuma ya bayyana cewa suna da "yi wani tasiri a kan jama'a ji na ta aikin, musamman a Calcutta". Wanda ya yaba da "kulawa ta rashin son kai", karfin jiki da jarumkntaka, marubucin lambar yabo ya soki kamfen din da Teresa takeyi inkari game da zubar da ciki da kuma ikirarin ta na siyasa. <ref name="Frontline">Parvathi Menon Cover story: ''A life of selfless caring'', ''Frontline'', Vol.14 :: No. 19 :: 20 September–3 October 1997</ref> A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2015, Mohan Bhagwat, shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin reshen Hindu, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, ya ce manufar Teresa ita ce "maida mutumin, wanda ake yi masa hidima, ya zama Kirista". Tsohon kakakin kungiyar ta RSS MG Vaidhya ya goyi bayan kimantawar Bhagwat, kuma kungiyar ta zargi kafofin watsa labarai da "gurbata gaskiya game da kalaman Bhagwat". Dan majalisar wakilai na Trinamool Derek O'Brien, shugaban CPI Atul Anjan da kuma babban ministan Delhi Arvind Kejriwal sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da zancen da Bhagwat yayi. === Wani wurin === [[File:President Reagan Presents Mother Teresa with the Medal of Freedom at a White House Ceremony in the Rose Garden - DPLA - 1321c7b194e7e893127ef14b2f7c565c.jpg|alt=President and Mrs. Ronald Reagan with Mother Teresa, standing at a microphone|thumb| Shugaba [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan ya]] ba mahaifiyar Teresa kyautar Shugaban Kasa na 'Yanci a yayin bikin Fadar White House kamar yadda Uwargidan Nan Nancy Reagan ke kallo, a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, Shekara alif 1985. ]]. Teresa ta karbi kyautar Ramon Magsaysay Award dan zaman lafiya da fahimtar duniya, an bata ne dan aikinta a South or East Asia, a shekarar alif 1962. Acewar wallafin, "Kungiyar amintattu sun martaba ta dan tausayawan ta akan talaucin wasu kasashe, wanda akan wannan aikin ne ta fara sabon taron addini".A farkon 1970s, ta zama wata gwarzuwa a duniya. shaharar za'a iya dangana shi da Malcolm Muggeridge's 1969 documentary, ''Something Beautiful for God'', da Kuma littafinsa na 1971 mai wannan sunan. Wanda Muggeridge ke kokarin tafiyar da rayuwarsa tsaftatacciya. Lokacin daukar fim, wani dauka da akayi a yanayin haske mara tasiri. anyi tunanin zai zama anfani ne ga masu aikin. [[Fayil:Cedric Prakash Mother Teresa Award.jpg|thumb|Mama Teresa]] A kusan wannan lokacin, duniyar Katolika ta fara girmama Teresa a bainar jama'a. Fafaroma Paul VI ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Paparoma John XXIII P kyautar zaman lafiya a shekara ta alif 1971, inda ta yaba da aikinta tare da talakawa, nuna irin gudummawar kirista da kokarin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, kuma ta sami kyautar ta Pacem a Terris Award a shekarar alif 1976. <ref>''Quad City Times'' staff (17 October 2005). "Habitat official to receive Pacem in Terris honor". [[Peace Corps]]. Retrieved 26 May 2007.</ref> Bayan mutuwarta, Teresa ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri a kan hanyar zuwa saint . Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin farar hula sun karrama ta, sannan ta nada wani wakilin girmamawa na Umarni na Australiya a Shekara ta alif 1982. "don hidimtawa al'ummar Australiya da dan adam baki daya". Kasar Burtaniya da Amurka sun ba wasu lambobin yabo masu yawa, wadanda suka kammala a cikin Lamarin Ingantawa a shekarar alif 1983. da zama dan kasa na Amurka mai girmamawa a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar alif 1996. Kasar Teresa ta kasar Albania ta ba ta lambar Zinare ta Jama'a a Shekara ta alif 1994, <ref name="Frontline">Parvathi Menon Cover story: ''A life of selfless caring'', ''Frontline'', Vol.14 :: No. 19 :: 20 September–3 October 1997</ref> amma karbarta da wannan lamarin da Haitian Legion of Honor ta kasance mai rikitarwa. An soki Teresa da cikakken goyon baya ga Duvaliers da rashawa na 'yan kasuwa irin su Charles Keating da Robert Maxwell ; Ta rubuta wa alkalin shari'ar Keating, inda ta nemi a bashi damar. Jami'o'i a Indiya da yamma sun ba ta digirin girmamawa. <ref name="Frontline">Parvathi Menon Cover story: ''A life of selfless caring'', ''Frontline'', Vol.14 :: No. 19 :: 20 September–3 October 1997</ref> Sauran lambobin yabo na farar hula sun hada da lambar yabo ta Balzan don inganta bil'adama, zaman lafiya da 'yan uwantaka tsakanin al'umma (1978) da Albert Schweitzer International Prize (1975). <ref>Jones, Alice & Brown, Jonathan (7 March 2007). "Opposites attract? When Robert Maxwell met Mother Teresa". ''The Independent''. Retrieved 25 March 2012.</ref> A watan Afrilun, Shekara ta alif 1976, Teresa ta ziyarci Jami'ar Scranton da ke arewa maso gabashin [[Pennsylvania]], inda ta karbi lambar yabo ta La Storta don Bautar da 'Yan Adam daga shugaban jami'a William J. Byron . Ta kalubalanci masu sauraronta da suka kai 4,500 don suje gidajensu "kusan talakawa a cikin gidanku da makwabta na gida", ciyar da wasu ko kuma kawai yada farin ciki da ƙauna, kuma ya ci gaba da cewa: “Matalauta zasu taimaka mana mu girma cikin tsarkakakku, domin sune Kristi a cikin dabara ce ta wahala ". A watan Agusta, shekarar alif 1987, Teresa ta sami likita mai daraja ta digiri na ilimin zamantakewa, don karɓar hidimarta da ma'aikatanta don taimakawa gajiyayyu da marasa lafiya, daga jami'a. Ta yi magana da ɗalibai sama da 4,000 da memba na Diocese of Scranton game da hidimarta ga "matalauta", tare da gaya masu su "yi ƙananan abubuwa da ƙauna mai girma". {{external media|width=210px|align=right|headerimage=[[File:Mutter Teresa von Kalkutta.jpg|210px]]|video1=[https://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1852 Mother Teresa's 1979 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech]}}A Shekara ta alif 1979, Teresa ta sami kyautar Nobel Peace Prize "akan aikinta da ta gudanar dan kaudar da talauci da damuwa wanda suma ke kawo matsala ga zaman lafiya". Ta ki ta amince da taron , tace kudin ta $192,000 a baiwa talakawa dake kasar Indiya tare da cewa lada a duniya suna da amfani ne kawai idan anyi aiki dasu wurin taimakon masu karamin karfi. rewards were important only if they helped her to help the world's ne. When Teresa received the prize she was asked, "What can we do to promote world peace?" She answered, "Go home and love your family." Building on this theme in her [[Kyautar Nobel|Nobel lecture]], she said: "Around the world, not only in the poor countries, but I found the poverty of the West so much more difficult to remove. When I pick up a person from the street, hungry, I give him a plate of rice, a piece of bread, I have satisfied. I have removed that hunger. But a person that is shut out, that feels unwanted, unloved, terrified, the person that has been thrown out from society – that poverty is so hurtable {{sic}} and so much, and I find that very difficult." Teresa singled out abortion as "the greatest destroyer of peace today. Because if a mother can kill her own child – what is left for me to kill you and you kill me – there is nothing between." Barbara Smoker of the secular humanist magazine ''The Freethinker'' criticised Teresa after the Peace Prize award, saying that her promotion of Catholic moral teachings on abortion and contraception diverted funds from effective methods to solve India's problems. At the Fourth World Conference on Women in [[Beijing]], Teresa said: "Yet we can destroy this gift of motherhood, especially by the evil of abortion, but also by thinking that other things like jobs or positions are more important than loving." A lokacin rayuwarta, Teresa tana daga cikin manyan mata 10 da suka fi fice a duk shekara Gallup wanda ya fi cancanta ga maza da mata su jefa kuri'u 18, sun kammala da yawa a shekarar alif 1980 da 1990. <ref>Frank Newport, David W. Moore, and Lydia Saad (13 December 1999). "Most Admired Men and Women: 1948–1998", [[The Gallup Organization]].</ref> A cikin Shekara ta alif 1999. ta jagoranci jerin mutanen da aka fi so a cikin karni na 20 na Gallup, jefa duk wasu amsoshi da aka ba su ta hanyar iyakokin da yawa, kuma ya kasance na farko a cikin manyan rukunan jama'a banda na matasa. <ref name="gallup-20c">Frank Newport (31 December 1999). "Mother Teresa Voted by American People as Most Admired Person of the Century", [[The Gallup Organization]].</ref> <ref>[http://www.pollingreport.com/20th.htm Greatest of the Century] Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll. 20–21 December 1999.</ref> == Suuka == A cewar wata takarda daga masana ilimin Kanada Serge Larivée, Geneviève Chénard da Carole Sénéchal, asibitocin Teresa sun karbi miliyoyin daloli a cikin abubuwan gudummawa amma ba su da magani, tsarin bincike, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki da isasshen nazari ga waɗanda ke jin ciwo; a cikin ra'ayin masana ilimi guda uku, "Mama Teresa ta yarda cewa mara lafiya dole ne ya sha wahala kamar Kristi a kan gicciye". An ce karin kudin zai iya canza lafiyar marasa galihu na garin ta hanyar samar da cibiyoyin kula da lafiya. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka fi sukar Teresa ita ce yar jaridar Ingilishi, mai sukar litattafan rubuyoci kuma mai adawa da Christopher Hitchens, mai gabatar da ra’ayin Jaridar ''Hell's Angel'' (1994) kuma marubucin labarin ''Fim The Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice''<nowiki> (1995) wanda ya rubuta a labarin 2003 : "Wannan ya dawo da mu zuwa ga cin hanci da rashawa na majami'a, wanda ke sayar da attajirai ga ma'abuta yayin da suke wa'azin wutar jahannama da tsinkaye ga talaka. [Uwar Teresa] ba abokin talakawa ba ne. Ta kasance aminin </nowiki>''talauci'' . Ta ce wahala wahala ce daga Allah. Ta yi amfani da rayuwarta wajen yin adawa da kawai hanyar magance cutar talauci, wanda shine karfafawa mata da ficewar su daga tsarin dabbobin da aka tilasta mata. " Ya zargi ta da munafinci saboda zabar magani na gaba don yanayin zuciyarta. <ref>Hitchens (1995), p. 41</ref> <ref>''cf.'' Fr. James Martin, SJ, Letter in ''The New York Review of Books'', 19 September 1996 [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1996/09/19/in-defense-of-mother-teresa/ In Defense of Mother Teresa], accessed 2 February 2014</ref> Hitchens ya ce "niyyarsa ba ta taimaka wa mutane ba", kuma ta yi karya ga masu ba da gudummawa game da yadda ake amfani da gudummawar da suke bayarwa. "Ta hanyar magana da ita ne na gano, kuma ta ba ni tabbacin, ba ta bakin kokarin rage talauci", in ji shi, "tana kokarin fadada yawan mabiya darikar Katolika. Ta ce, 'Ni ba ma'aikacin zamantakewa ba ne. Ba na yi ne saboda wannan dalili. Ina yi domin Kiristi. Ina yi wa cocin. ' <ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/10/19/60minutes/main578794.shtml "The Debate over Sainthood"] (11 February 2009). CBS News. Retrieved 29 May 2011.</ref> Kodayake Hitchens yana tunanin shi ne kawai shaida da Vatican ta kira, an kuma kira Aroup Chatterjee (marubucin ''Uwar Teresa: Labarin Untold'' ) don gabatar da hujjoji masu adawa da bugun Teresa da canonization; <ref name="Hitch">[http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=hitchens_24_2 "Less than Miraculous"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305133543/http://secularhumanism.org/index.php?page=hitchens_24_2&section=library|date=2016-03-05}} by Christopher Hitchens, ''[[Free Inquiry (magazine)|Free Inquiry]]'' 24(2), February/March 2004.</ref> Vatican ta cire al'ada ta " mai ba da shawarar shaidan ", wanda ya yi aiki da irin wannan manufa. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin zubar da ciki sun kuma soki matakin Teresa game da zubar da ciki da kuma hana haihuwa. == Rayuwar ruhaniya == Analysing her deeds and achievements, [[Pope John Paul II]] said: "Where did Mother Teresa find the strength and perseverance to place herself completely at the service of others? She found it in prayer and in the silent contemplation of Jesus Christ, his Holy Face, his Sacred Heart."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20031020_pilgrims-mother-teresa_en.html|title=Address of John Paul II to the Pilgrims Who Had Come To Rome for the Beatification of Mother Teresa|work=Vatican.va|date=20 October 2003|author=John Paul II|accessdate=13 March 2007}}</ref> Privately, Teresa experienced doubts and struggle in her religious beliefs which lasted nearly 50 years (until the end of her life); according to her [[postulator]], [[Brian Kolodiejchuk]], "She felt no presence of God whatsoever,&nbsp;... in her heart or in the eucharist".<ref name=TIME-2007-08-23>{{cite news|title=Mother Teresa's Crisis of Faith|author=David Van Biema|date=23 August 2007|work=TIME|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=25 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825084420/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=16 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816032159/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1655415,00.html}}</ref> Teresa expressed grave doubts about God's existence and pain over her lack of faith: {{quote|Where is my faith? Even deep down&nbsp;... there is nothing but emptiness and darkness.&nbsp;... If there be God – please forgive me. When I try to raise my thoughts to Heaven, there is such convicting emptiness that those very thoughts return like sharp knives and hurt my very soul.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edgewoodpc.org/sermons/sermon061911.html|title=Sermon – Some Doubted|publisher=Edgewoodpc.org|date=19 June 2011|accessdate=28 August 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015234535/http://edgewoodpc.org/sermons/sermon061911.html|archivedate=15 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|sign=|source=}} [[File:Mother_Teresa_memorial_plaque.jpg|alt=Outdoor bas-relief plaque|thumb| Plaque wanda aka sadaukar wa mahaifiyar Teresa a Wenceslas Square, Olomouc, Czech Republic ]] Kolodiejchuk (jami'in da ke da alhakin tattara hujjoji na canonization) ya yi tunanin cewa rashin jin daɗin da wasu ke yi zai iya cewa sunyi akasin fassara tai, amma imanin da ya yi cewa Allah yana aiki da ita bai cika damuwa ba; duk da cewa ta yi niyyar kusanci da Allah, amma ba ta tuhumi kasancewar sa ba. Teresa na iya fuskantar wani abu mai kama da [[Isa Almasihu|Yesu]], wanda ya ce lokacin da aka gicciye shi: ''" Eli Eli lama sabachthani? "'' ("Ya Allah, Allahna, don me ka yashe ni?" ). Kolodiejchuk ya zana kwatancen John na 16 na ƙarni na Yahaya na Giciye, wanda ya ambaci kalmar " Duhun Duhun Jiya ". Sauran tsarkaka (ciki har da Teresa mai suna Thérèse na Lisieux, waɗanda suka kira shi "daren rashin kome") sun sami irin wannan goguwar bushewar ruhaniya . <ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/223/story_22353_1.html New Book Reveals Mother Teresa's Struggle with Faith] Beliefnet, AP 2007</ref> A cewar James Langford, wadannan shakku ba su da wata ma'ana kuma ba zai kawo cikas ga canonization ba. Bayan shekaru goma cikin shakku, Teresa ta bayyana ɗan taƙaitaccen lokacin da sabuwar bangaskiya. Bayan mutuwar Paparoma Pius XII a shekarar alif 1958, tana yi masa addu'ar bukukuwan a lokacin da aka sami sauki daga "dogon duhu: wannan baƙon wahalar." Koyaya, mako biyar baya bushewar ruhaniyarta ta dawo. Teresa ta rubuta wasiƙu da yawa ga waɗanda ke ba da tabbaci da kuma manyanta a cikin shekaru 66, musamman ga Calcutta Archbishop Ferdinand Perier da Jesuit firist Celeste van Exem (mashawarcinta na ruhaniya tun samuwar mishan Mishan). Ta nemi a lalata wasiƙun ta, kasancewar ta damu da cewa "mutane za su ƙara yin la'akari da ni - ƙasa da Yesu." [[File:Alfons_Weisser_Mutter_Teresa.JPG|thumb| Zane-zanen Semi-girmama na girmama Iya Teresa ]] Koyaya, an tattara rubutun a cikin Mama ''Teresa: Kuzo Ku kasance Haske na'' . Teresa ta rubuta wa Mika'ilu amintacce na ruhaniya Michael van der Peet, “Yesu yana da ƙauna ta musamman a gare ku. Amma ni, shuru da wofi suna da yawa, da na duba ban gani ba - saurara kuma ban ji ba - harshe yana motsawa [cikin addu'a] amma ba ya magana. &nbsp; . . . Ina so ku yi mini addu'a - cewa na bar Shi ya yi kyauta. " A ''Deus Caritas Est'' (farkon encyclical ), [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict XVI]] da aka ambata Teresa sau uku da kuma amfani da ita rayuwa don bayyana daya daga cikin encyclical ta babban maki: "A cikin misali na Albarka Teresa na Calcutta da muke da wata hujja hoto da cewa lokaci ya sadaukar Allah cikin addu'o'i bawai kawai baya yanke hukunci daga aiki mai kyau da soyayya ga makwabcinmu amma a zahiri shine tushen wannan aikin. " <ref>[[Benedict na Sha Shida|Pope Benedict XVI]] (25 December 2005). ''Deus caritas est{{Dead link|date=October 2011}}''. (PDF). Vatican City, pp.10. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref> Ta rubuta, "Ta hanyar addu'o'in tunani ne da karatun ruhi ne kawai zamu iya samar da kyautar addu'a." Kodayake ba a haɗa da odarta ba tare da umarnin Franciscan, Teresa tana sha'awar Francis na Assisi <ref name="AmeriCath">"Mother Teresa of Calcutta Pays Tribute to St. Francis of Assisi" on the ''American Catholic'' website. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> kuma ta kasance mai tasiri ga ruhaniyar Franciscan.'Yan uwan Mata da Sadaka suna karanta addu'o'in Saint Francis kowace safiya a Mass a lokacin godiya bayan tarayya, kuma girmamansu ga ma'aikatar da alkawarin da yawa yayi daidai da nata. Francis ya jaddada talauci, tsabta, biyayya da biyayya ga Kristi. Ya sadaukar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa wajen bautar da talakawa, musamman kutare. == Canonization == === Mu'ujiza da beatifaication === Bayan Teresa ta mutu a shekara ta alif 1997, sai Holy See ya fara aiwatar da beatification (na biyu daga uku matakai wajen canonization ) da kuma Kolodiejchuk aka nada postulator da Diocese na Calcutta . Ko da yake ya ce, "Ba mu tabbatar da cewa ta kasance cikakke ko kuma ba ta taɓa yin kuskure ba &nbsp; ... ", dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa kyawun Teresa jarumi ne. Kolodiejchuk ya gabatar da takardu 76, jimilla shafi 35,000, wadanda suka danganci hirar da shaidu 113 wadanda aka nemi su amsa tambayoyi 263. [[File:Stained_glass_depiction_of_key_moments_in_the_lifetime_of_Mother_Teresa_at_the_Cathedral_of_Saint_Mother_Teresa_in_Prishtina.jpg|right|thumb|332x332px| Cikakken gilashin tarihin rayuwar mahaifiyar Teresa a Cathedral na Saint Teresa a Prishtinë, Kosovo ]]. A tsari na canonization bukatar takardun na wani mu'ujiza sakamakon daga cẽto na yiwuwa saint. A shekara ta 2002 ne aka gano cewa Vatican ta zama wata mu'ujiza ta warkar da cutar kumburin ciki a cikin mahaifar Monica Besra, wata mace ‘yar Indiya, bayan da aka yi amfani da wani loka dauke da hoton Teresa. A cewar Besra, gwanayen haske da aka samo daga hoton kuma an warkar da cutar kumburin ta; duk da haka, mijinta da wasu ma'aikatanta na kiwon lafiya sun ce magani na yau da kullun ya kawar da cutar. <ref>Orr, David (10 May. 2003). "Medicine cured 'miracle' woman – not Mother Teresa, say doctors". ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 30 May 2007.</ref> Dr. Ranjan Mustafi, wanda ya fada wa ''jaridar New York Times'' cewa ya yi maganin Besra, ya ce cutar ta haifar da cutar tarin fuka: "Wannan ba wani abin al'ajabi bane &nbsp; . . . Ta dauki magunguna tsawon watanni tara zuwa shekara guda. " <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/20/world/her-legacy-acceptance-and-doubts-of-a-miracle.html "Her Legacy: Acceptance and Doubts of a Miracle"], by David Rohde. ''The New York Times''. 20 October 2003</ref> A cewar mijin Besra, “Likitoci sun warkar da matata ba kuma ta wata mu’ujiza ba &nbsp; . . . Wannan mu'ujiza wannan magana ce. " Besra ta ce bayanan likitocin da suka hada da sonogram, magunguna da bayanan likitocin, Sister Betta ta Mishan Matan Sadau ta kwace. A cewar ''Lokaci'', kiran da aka yi wa Sister Betta da ofishin Sister Nirmala (wanda zai gaji Teresa a matsayin shugaban oda) bai amsa wani bayani ba. Jami'ai a Asibitin Balurghat, inda Besra ta nemi magani, sun ce an tilasta masu ne ta hanyar da ta kira magani da ta warke. A cikin watan Fabrairu, na shekarar 2000, tsohon ministan kiwon lafiya na West Bengal Partho De ya ba da umarnin sake duba bayanan likita na Besra a Sashen Lafiya na Kolkata. A cewar De, babu wani sabon abu game da rashin lafiyarta da magani bisa doguwar jinyarta. Ya ce ya ƙi ba da sunan Vatican na likita wanda zai tabbatar da cewa warkewar Monica Besra ta mu’ujiza ce. A lokacin beatification na Teresa da canonization, Roman Curia (ta Vatican) tayi nazari kuma ba a wallafa sukar rayuwarta da aikinta ba. Hitchens da Chatterjee (marubucin ''The Final Verdict'', wani littafi mai mahimmanci na Teresa) ta yi magana da kotun; a cewar jami'an Vatican, binciken da aka gabatar an bincike ne daga Kungiyar da ke Sanadin Sanadin Waliyyan Waliyyan . Kungiyar ba ta sami wani cikas ba game da canjin magana na Teresa, kuma ta ba da ''kewar ta'' a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilun, na shekarar alif 1999. Saboda harin da aka kai mata, wasu marubutan Katolika sun kira ta da alamar sabani . Wani kwamiti na daban na likita ya yanke hukuncin cewa mu'ujiza Monica Besra, daya daga cikin ukun da Kolodiejchuk ya dauke, alama ce ta roko na Allah. An kori Teresa a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, shekarar 2003, kuma Katolika sun san shi da "Masu Albarka". ===Canonization=== A 17 Disamba 2015, offishin yada labarai na Vatican [[Francis (fafaroma)|Pope Francis]] ya gano mu'ujiza na biyu da aka danganta ga Teresa: warkar da mutumin Brazil dauke da brain tumours a 2008.mu'ujizar ta zo cikin gari ne sanda wasu jami'ai dake kula da aiki lokacin shagualan World Youth Day 2013sanda fafaroma ke kasar Brazil awatan Yuli. anyi ta bincike a Brazil daga 19–26 June 2015 wanda daga bisani aka maida zuwa masu aiki na Saints wanda suka bada dokatr cewa cabinciken ya kammalu. Francis yayi mata canonization, hakan yafaru ne a wani biki a ranar 4 ga Satumbar 2016 a Dandalin St Peter da ke garin Vatican. Dubun-dubatan mutane ne suka halarci bikin, gami da wakilai 15 na gwamnati da kuma mutane 1,500 da ba su da matsuguni daga duk fadin Italiya. An watsa kai tsaye ta hanyar tashar Vatican kuma aka watsa ta yanar gizo; Skopje, garin mahaifar Teresa, ya ba da sanarwar bikin biki na tsawon sati daya. A Indiya, Mishan ɗin Sadarwa ta biki ta Kolkata. == Co-Patron na Calcutta Archdiocese == A ranar 4 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, yayin bikin girmama canonization dinta wata shekara ta 1 da ta cancanta, Sister Mary Prema Pierick, Babban shugaba ta na mishan Ofishin Sadaka, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a sanya Teresa a matsayin malamar cocin Calcutta Archdiocese yayin bikin Mass a cikin Cathedral na Mafi Girma Rosary a 5.30 pm a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017. A ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, Archbishop Thomas D’Souza, wanda ke zama shugaban Archdiocese na Katolika na Calcutta, ya tabbatar da cewa za a nada Teresa a matsayin mai rikon mukamin Caliota Diocese, tare da Francis Xavier. A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, kusan mutane 500 suka halarci Mass a wani babban coci inda Dominique Gomes, Babban Vicar na gida, karanta dokar da ta kafa ta a matsayin mataimaki na biyu na mai kare tarihi na archdiocese. D’Souza da jakadan Vatican a Indiya, Giambattista Diquattro, sune suka jagoranci wannan bikin kuma suka gabatar da mutum-mutumi na tagulla a cocin Uwa Teresa dauke da yaro. Cocin Katolika na Roman Katolika ya ba da sanarwar St. Francis Xavier yazama saint na farko na Calcutta a shekarar alif 1986. == Legacy da fitowa a cikin al'adun sanannu == === Abun Tunawa === [[File:Terminal_jashte.jpg|alt=Airport terminal, with four trees in the foreground|left|thumb| Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza ]] Kayay-yakin tarihi da ake tunawa da Teresa kuma sunanta sunan cocin da yawa. Tana da gine-gine, hanyoyi da kuma gidaje masu suna bayanta, gami da filin jirgin saman Albania na duniya . Ranar Iya Teresa ''(Dita e Nënë Terezës)'', 19 ga Oktoba, hutu ne na jama'a a Albania . A shekara ta 2009, an buɗe gidan tunawa da mahaifiyar Teresa a garinsu Skopje, [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]] . An ba da sunan babban cocin Katolika da ke Pristina, Kosovo don girmamawa. Ginin sa, wanda aka fara a shekarar 2011, ya haifar da muhawara a cikin da'irorin musulmai wadanda suka gan shi a matsayin wanda ya karfafa yawan mabiya darikar Katolika a yankin. Musulmin Kosovo sun yi adawa da wani kudurin kafa wata hanyar tunawa da Teresa a garin Peć (a cewar masu fafutuka, kashi 98 cikin dari) Musulmai sun yi adawa da kafa ta a Kosovo. [[File:Saint_Mother_Teresa_Cathedral_Prishtina8.jpg|right|thumb|150x150px| Cathedral na Saint Mother Teresa, Prishtinë ]] Jami'ar Mata ta Uwa Teresa, a Kodaikanal, an kafa ta a shekarar alif 1984. a matsayin jami'ar jama'a ta gwamnatin Tamil Nadu . Mahaifiya Theresa Postgraduate da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya, a Pondicherry, an kafa ta ne a cikin shekarar alif 1999. ta hannun Gwamnatin Puducherry . Kungiyar ba da agaji Sevalaya ce ke tafiyar da Gidan Iyayen Mata na Teresa, tare da samar da 'yan matan marayu da marayu a kusa da kauyen Kasuva da ke Tamil Nadu da abinci, kayan sawa, tsari da ilimi. Yawancin yabo da marubucin tarihin Teresa, Navin Chawla, suka bayyana a jaridu da mujallu na Indiya. Jirgin Ruwa na Indiya sun gabatar da "Mother Express", sabon jirgin kasa mai suna bayan mahaifiyar Mama Teresa, a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2010. don tunawa da karni na haihuwar ta. Gwamnatin Tamil Nadu ta shirya bukukuwan karni na karrama Teresa a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2010 a [[Chennai]] wanda babban minista M Karunanidhi ya jagoranta. Farko a kan 5 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2013, ranar tunawa da ta mutuwa da aka sanya cikin kasa da kasa Rãnar Charity ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . A cikin shekarar 2012, Teresa ta kasance lamba ta 5 a cikin Babban binciken Indiya na Manyan Yan Indiya . A ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, Katolika na St Teresa, cocin Katolika na farko da aka sanya wa sunan girmamawa ga Teresa, an keɓe shi a Kosovo. Cathedral ɗin shima babban cocin Katolika ne na farko na Kosovo. ==== Tarihai da littattafai ==== * Teresa batun fim din 1969 ne da littafin 1972, ''Abin Kyau ga Allah'', wanda Malcolm Muggeridge ya wallafa . An yi fim ɗin fim ɗin tare da jawo hankalin yammacin duniya ga Mama Teresa. * Littattafan Christopher Hitchens na 1994, ''Mala'ikan Jahannama'', ya bayar da hujjar cewa Teresa ta bukaci talakawa da su yarda da makomarsu; Allah yana bayyana masu arziki kamar yadda Allah ya yi musu falala. Wannan ita ce farkon rubutun Hitchens, ''Matsayin mishan: Uwar Teresa a ka'idodi da Aiki'' . ==== Shirye-shiryen talabijin ==== * Geraldine Chaplin ya buga wasan Teresa a cikin ''Iya Teresa: Da Sunan Rashin Allah'', wanda ya karɓi kyautar Fim na Fim a shekarar alif 1997. * Olivia Hussey ce ta buga wasan a cikin ministocin gidan talabijin na Italiya na shekarar 2003, ''Mama Teresa na Calcutta'' . An sake sakewa a cikin shekarar 2007, ta sami kyautar CAMIE . * Juliet Stevenson ta taka leda a cikin fim din ' ''The Letters'' ' na shekarar 2014, wanda ya danganta da wasiƙun sa zuwa ga firist ɗin Vatican Celeste van Exem . * Uwar Teresa, wacce Cara Francis the FantasyGrandma ke bugawa, ta yi tsegumi kan Sigmund Freud a cikin Epic Rap Battles of Tarihi, jerin wakokin fim din YouTube da Nice Peter da Epic Lloyd suka kirkira. An saki Rap din a YouTube a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2019. == Duba kuma == * Abdul Sattar Edhi * Albanians * Jerin mutanen Albanians * Jerin sunayen mata masu lambar yabo ta Nobel * Babban Ba’indiye * Addinin Katolika na Albania * Addinin Katolika na Kosovo * Addinin Katolika na Romaniya a Arewacin Makidoniya == Manazarta == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 34fjkih5r700i6we9tqi8bhhk2w2yzf 0 15178 840473 701756 2026-05-27T13:40:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nigeria Japan U-20 Women 2010 Teams.jpg|thumb|Joy Jegede]] '''Joy Jegede''' (an haife ta ne a sha shida 16 ga watan Disamban shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991) ita ce ’yar wasan kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya da ke wasa a matsayin defenda . Ta kasance memba ce a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya, kuma a baya tana kungiyar matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 . Ta kasance daga cikin kungiyar a Gasar Afirka ta Mata ta 2012 . A matakin kulab-kulab tana rike da kungiyar Delta Queens da ke Najeriya, kuma a baya ta buga wa Bobruichanka Bobruisk a Belarus wasa. == Kariyan aiki == === Kulab === Joy Jegede na daya daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da ke cikin tawagar Bobruichanka Bobruisk, na Premier League na Belarus . Sarauniyar Najeriya mai cikakken baya Ejovwo Willian ta yaba wa Jegede saboda sanya ta jin an yarda da ita lokacin da ta shiga bangaren.<ref>{{cite web|title="Go For The Jugular", Ugo Njoku Tells Falconets|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/131880/1/go-for-the-jugular-ugo-njoku-tells-falconets.html|publisher=The Nigerian Voice|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=19 December 2013}}</ref>Tun a kalla 2015, Jegede ya taka leda a Delta Queens da ke Najeriya <ref name="recall">{{cite web|last1=Oludare|first1=Shina|title=Ikidi, Jegede return, Nkwocha dropped as Danjuma invites 35 for Equatorial Guinea|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/07/01/13197012/ikidi-jegede-return-nkwocha-dropped-as-danjuma-invites-35|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Ita ce kyaftin din kungiyar.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bassey|first1=Ubong|title=Delta Queens nick win against Bayelsa Queens|url=http://ladiesmarch.com/index.php/2016/02/25/delta-queens-nick-win-against-bayelsa-queens/|publisher=Ladies March|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=25 February 2016|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220439/http://ladiesmarch.com/index.php/2016/02/25/delta-queens-nick-win-against-bayelsa-queens/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Na duniya === Jegede ta kasance kyaftin din kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta mata' yan kasa da shekaru 20, inda kungiyar ta gama da Jamus a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Breakout Players of 2010|url=http://www.allwhitekit.com/?p=4791|publisher=All White Kit|accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=USA Falls to Nigeria in Penalty Kicks During Quarterfinal of 2010 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup|url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/24/usa-falls-to-nigeria-in-penalty-kicks-during-quarterfinal-of-2010-fifa-under-20-womens-world-cup|publisher=U.S. Soccer|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=25 July 2010}}</ref>Ba da daɗewa ba Jegede ya koma cikin manyan 'yan wasan, gami da kiransa zuwa kungiyar don cancantar zuwa Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 a [[Landan|London]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria's Falcons squad named for Olympic qualifiers|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/24554/falcons-call-up-33-for-cameroon.php|publisher=KickOff|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=28 November 2011|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220707/http://www.kickoff.com/news/24554/falcons-call-up-33-for-cameroon.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ta kuma kafa wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar don Gasar Mata ta Afirka a waccan shekarar .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2013/List_of_players.pdf|title=List of players of the 8th African Women Championship, EQUATORIAL GUINEA 2012|date=2012|work=cafonline.com|archivedate=22 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222184107/http://www.cafonline.com/userfiles/file/Comp/AWC2013/List_of_players.pdf|url-status=dead|accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> Ba ta kasance dan wasa na dindindin a cikin kasa ba, amma an sake tuna da ita a wasannin share fage na Equatorial Guinea a 2015 don wasannin Olamfik mai zuwa. Ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kungiyar ta kasa tun lokacin da, aka kira ta zuwa kungiyar don gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta mata ta 2016 .<ref>{{cite web|title=27 players hit camp as Falcons chase 8th African title|url=http://www.dailysportsng.com/news/detail.php?news=1895&title=27-players-hit-camp-as-Falcons-chase-8th-African-title|publisher=Daily Sports|accessdate=27 November 2016|date=8 March 2016|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220409/http://www.dailysportsng.com/news/detail.php?news=1895&title=27-players-hit-camp-as-Falcons-chase-8th-African-title|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rauwarta == Jegede 'yar PA Jegede ce, tsohon Sufurtanda na' yan sanda.<ref name="father">{{cite news|title=Tears as Ex-Falconets Star Joy Jegede Buries Father in Edo|url=http://www.savidnews.com/tears-as-ex-falconets-star-joy-jegede-buries-father-in-edo/|accessdate=27 November 2016|work=Savid News|date=1 February 2015|archive-date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127215546/http://www.savidnews.com/tears-as-ex-falconets-star-joy-jegede-buries-father-in-edo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallo]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallan kafa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1991]] oavkfgwlqhsrqf1ngjm1oow48ibqaoc 0 16826 840801 835898 2026-05-28T05:10:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Komawar [[Yankin kankara|kankara]] tun daga 1850 sakamako ne mai kyau na [[Canjin yanayi]]. Komawar kankara na tsaunuka yana ba da shaida ga [[Yanayin yanayin duniya|hauhawar yanayin zafi na duniya]] tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19. Misalan sun haɗa da tsaunuka masu kankara a yammacin Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, [[Alps]] a tsakiyar Turai, da yankuna masu zafi da masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka da Afirka. Tunda sauye-sauyen yanayi na dogon lokaci suna shafar yawan kankara, misali hazo, [[Temperature|matsakaicin zafin jiki]], da Rufin girgije, sauye-shiryen yawan kankara suna daya daga cikin alamun sauyin yanayi. Komawar kankara kuma babban dalili ne na hauhawar matakin teku. Ba tare da kankara na kankara ba, jimlar asarar kankara ta duniya a cikin shekaru 26 daga 1993 zuwa 2018 mai yiwuwa 5500 gigatons, ko 210 gigatons a kowace shekara. : 1275 {{Rp|1275}} A Duniya, 99% na kankara na glacial yana ƙunshe a cikin ɗigon kankara (wanda kuma aka sani da "ƙanƙarar glaciers") a cikin yankunan polar. Glaciers kuma suna wanzu a cikin jeri na tsaunuka a kowace nahiya ban da babban yankin Ostiraliya, gami da manyan tsibiran teku na Oceania kamar New Zealand. Jikunan glacial mafi girma fiye da murabba'in kilomita 50,000 (19,000 sq mi) ana kiran su da zanen kankara.[1] Suna da zurfin kilomita da yawa kuma sun ɓoye yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Deglaciation yana faruwa ta halitta a ƙarshen zamanin kankara. Amma raguwar kankara na yanzu yana hanzarta ta hanyar dumama ta duniya saboda [[Rashin iskar gas|fitar da]] [[Greenhouse gas|iskar gas mai guba]] da mutum ya haifar. Ayyukan ɗan adam tun farkon zamanin masana'antu sun ƙara yawan carbon dioxide da sauran iskar gas mai zafi a cikin iska, wanda ke haifar da dumamar duniya a yanzu.<ref name="NASAcauses_2019">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=The Causes of Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221010331/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |archive-date=2019-12-21 |website=climate.nasa.gov |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Tasirin ɗan adam shine babban abin da ke haifar da [[Tasirin canjin yanayi|canje-canje]] ga cryosphere, wanda glaciers wani ɓangare ne.<ref name="NASAcauses_2019" /> Ma'aunin ma'aunin kankara shine mabuɗin ƙayyade lafiyar kankara. Idan adadin ruwan sama mai daskarewa a cikin Yankin tarawa ya wuce yawan kankara mai kankara yankin da ya ɓace saboda narkewa, kankara zai ci gaba. Idan tarin ya fi ƙasa da raguwa, kankara zai koma baya. Gilashiers a cikin koma baya za su sami ma'auni mara kyau. A ƙarshe za su ɓace idan ba su kai ga daidaituwa tsakanin tarawa da ablation ba. Tsakanin tsaunuka na tsakiya suna nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman asarar glacial. Misalan irin waɗannan tsaunuka sune [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] a Asiya, Dutsen Rocky da Cascade Range a Arewacin Amurka, [[Alps]] a Turai, Kudancin Alps a New Zealand, kudancin [[Andes]] a Kudancin Amurka, da kuma tarurruka masu zafi kamar [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]] a Afirka.   == Scale a matakin duniya == <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:221px;max-width:221px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Glacier_Mass_Balance_Map.png|alt=|219x219px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daga 1970 zuwa 2004, tsaunuka masu kankara sun ragu (zaki da ja) a wasu yankuna kuma sun yi kauri (blue) a wasu.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden">[[File:1950-_Glacier_annual_mass_change_-_World_Glacier_Monitoring_Service.svg|alt=|215x215px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Rugujewar yanayi tana ba da gudummawa ga runoff; daidaitattun shekara-shekara (canjin cibiyar gilashi) yana ba da gudana ga hauhawar matakin teku.<ref name="WGMS_thru2023"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://wgms.ch/global-glacier-state/ "Global Glacier State"]. World Glacier Monitoring Service ("under the auspices of: ISC (WDS), IUGG (IACS), UN environment, UNESCO, WMO"). 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250303052332/https://wgms.ch/global-glacier-state/ Archived] from the original on 3 March 2025.</cite></ref></div></div></div></div></div>Ba tare da [[Yankin kankara|kankara]] na kankara ba, jimlar asarar kankara ta duniya a cikin shekaru 26 daga 1993 zuwa 2018 mai yiwuwa 5500 gigatons, ko 210 gigatons a kowace shekara. : 1275 {{Rp|1275}} === Jerin lokaci === Little Ice Age wani lokaci ne daga kimanin 1550 zuwa 1850 lokacin da wasu yankuna suka sami yanayin sanyi idan aka kwatanta da lokacin da ya gabata da kuma bayan. Daga baya, har zuwa kimanin 1940, kankara a duniya sun koma baya yayin da yanayin ya yi zafi sosai. Gudun kankara ya ragu har ma ya juya na ɗan lokaci, a lokuta da yawa, tsakanin 1950 da 1980 yayin da yanayin duniya ya ɗan sanyaya.<ref name="pelto1">{{Cite web |last=Pelto |first=Mauri |title=Recent Global Glacier Retreat Overview |url=http://www.nichols.edu/departments/glacier/glacier_retreat.htm |access-date=February 14, 2015 |website=North Cascade Glacier Climate Project |archive-date=October 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012120203/http://www.nichols.edu/departments/glacier/glacier_retreat.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1980, [[Canjin yanayi]] ya haifar da koma baya na kankara ya zama mai saurin gaske kuma yana ko'ina, har ya sa wasu kankara sun ɓace gaba ɗaya, kuma kasancewar yawancin sauran kankara suna barazana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hugonnet |first=Romain |last2=McNabb |first2=Robert |last3=Berthier |first3=Etienne |last4=Menounos |first4=Brian |last5=Nuth |first5=Christopher |last6=Girod |first6=Luc |last7=Farinotti |first7=Daniel |last8=Huss |first8=Matthias |last9=Dussaillant |first9=Ines |last10=Brun |first10=Fanny |last11=Kääb |first11=Andreas |date=2021 |title=Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03436-z |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=592 |issue=7856 |pages=726–731 |bibcode=2021Natur.592..726H |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=33911269 |s2cid=233446479}}</ref> == Dalilan da suka haifar == Ma'auni na taro, ko bambanci tsakanin [[Glacier ice accumulation|tarawa]] da [[Ablation zone|ablation]] (melting da [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]]), na kankara yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwarsa.<ref name="mote-kaser2">{{Cite journal |last=Mote |first=Philip W. |last2=Kaser |first2=Georg |year=2007 |title=The Shrinking Glaciers of Kilimanjaro: Can Global Warming Be Blamed? |url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-shrinking-glaciers-of-kilimanjaro-can-global-warming-be-blamed |journal=American Scientist |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=318–325 |doi=10.1511/2007.66.318 |access-date=November 23, 2020}}</ref> [[Canjin yanayi]] na iya haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin ma'auni. Gilashin da ke da daidaitattun daidaito mara kyau ya rasa daidaituwa kuma ya koma baya. Daidaitaccen daidaituwa mai kyau kuma ba shi da daidaituwa kuma zai ci gaba don sake kafa daidaituwa. A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin kankara suna da ma'auni mara kyau kuma suna janyewa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alex S. Gardner |last2=Geir Moholdt |last3=J. Graham Cogley |last4=Bert Wouters |last5=Anthony A. Arendt |last6=John Wahr |last7=Etienne Berthier |last8=Regine Hock |last9=W. Tad Pfeffer |last10=Georg Kaser |last11=Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg |last12=Tobias Bolch |last13=Martin J. Sharp |last14=Jon Ove Hagen |last15=Michiel R. van den Broeke |date=May 17, 2013 |title=A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009 |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/83966/6/2013_PaulF_Gardner_et_al_accepted_ms130227.pdf |journal=Science |volume=340 |issue=6134 |pages=852–857 |bibcode=2013Sci...340..852G |doi=10.1126/science.1234532 |pmid=23687045 |s2cid=206547524 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104061145/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/83966/6/2013_PaulF_Gardner_et_al_accepted_ms130227.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Komawar kankara yana haifar da asarar yankin da ke ƙasa da kankara. Tunda tsaunuka masu tsawo sun fi sanyi, ɓacewar ɓangaren mafi ƙasƙanci yana rage raguwa gaba ɗaya, don haka ƙara ma'auni na taro kuma yana iya sake kafa daidaituwa. Idan ma'auni na wani bangare mai mahimmanci na yankin tarawa na kankara ba shi da kyau, yana cikin rashin daidaituwa tare da yanayi kuma zai narke ba tare da yanayin sanyi da / ko karuwar ruwan sama mai daskarewa ba.<ref name="pelto2">{{Cite journal |last=Pelto, M.S. |year=2010 |title=Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations |url=https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/4/67/2010/ |journal=The Cryosphere |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=67–75 |bibcode=2010TCry....4...67P |doi=10.5194/tc-4-67-2010 |access-date=November 23, 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, Easton Glacier a jihar Washington, Amurka mai yiwuwa zai ragu zuwa rabin girmansa amma a raguwar raguwa da daidaitawa a wannan girman duk da zafin jiki mai zafi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Koyaya, Grinnell Glacier a Montana, Amurka za ta ragu da ƙaruwa har sai ya ɓace. Bambanci shi ne cewa ɓangaren sama na Easton Glacier ya kasance lafiya kuma an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara, yayin da ɓangaren sama da Grinnell Glacier ba shi da komai, yana narkewa kuma ya ragu. Ƙananan kankara tare da ƙananan tsawo suna iya fadawa cikin rashin daidaituwa tare da yanayi.<ref name="pelto2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b3dgxwsatmxxkfykjvt94gu78pwn2qr 0 17967 840914 692760 2026-05-28T06:07:04Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350327173|Drought]]" 840914 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fari''' lokaci ne na bushewa fiye da yadda aka saba. {{Rp|1157}}Fari na iya ɗaukar kwanaki, watanni ko shekaru. Fari yakan yi tasiri sosai ga yanayin halittu da [[noma]] na yankunan da abin ya shafa, kuma yana haifar da illa ga [[Tattalin arziki|tattalin arzikin]] yankin. Lokacin rani na shekara-shekara a [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yankunan zafi]] yana ƙara yiwuwar fari ya bunƙasa sosai, tare da ƙaruwar haɗarin gobarar daji daga baya. <ref name="Brando">{{Cite journal |last=Brando |first=Paulo M. |last2=Paolucci |first2=Lucas |last3=Ummenhofer |first3=Caroline C. |last4=Ordway |first4=Elsa M. |last5=Hartmann |first5=Henrik |last6=Cattau |first6=Megan E. |last7=Rattis |first7=Ludmila |last8=Medjibe |first8=Vincent |last9=Coe |first9=Michael T. |last10=Balch |first10=Jennifer |date=30 May 2019 |title=Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=555–581 |bibcode=2019AREPS..47..555B |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010235 |issn=0084-6597 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Guguwar zafi|Raƙuman zafi]] na iya ƙara ta'azzara yanayin fari sosai ta hanyar ƙara yawan fitar da hayaki . Wannan yana busar da dazuzzuka da sauran ciyayi, kuma yana ƙara yawan mai ga gobarar daji. <ref name="Brando" /> <ref name="Hartmann">{{Cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=Henrik |last2=Bastos |first2=Ana |last3=Das |first3=Adrian J. |last4=Esquivel-Muelbert |first4=Adriane |last5=Hammond |first5=William M. |last6=Martínez-Vilalta |first6=Jordi |last7=McDowell |first7=Nate G. |last8=Powers |first8=Jennifer S. |author-link8=Jennifer Sarah Powers |last9=Pugh |first9=Thomas A.M. |last10=Ruthrof |first10=Katinka X. |last11=Allen |first11=Craig D. |date=20 May 2022 |title=Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide |journal=Annual Review of Plant Biology |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=673–702 |bibcode=2022ARPB...73..673H |doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804 |issn=1543-5008 |pmid=35231182 |doi-access=free}}</ref> fari alama ce ta sauyawa a mafi yawan sassan duniya, ya zama mafi tsananin gaske kuma ba za a iya hango shi ba saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], wanda binciken dendrochronological ya samo asali ne daga 1900. Akwai nau'ikan tasirin fari guda uku, muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Tasirin muhalli sun haɗa da bushewar wuraren da ke da ruwa, ƙarin gobarar daji, [[Rashin bambancin halittu|asarar halittu masu yawa]]. Tasirin tattalin arziki na fari ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga aikin [[noma]] da kiwon dabbobi (wanda ke haifar da [[Tsaron abinci|Rashin tsaro na abinci]]), gandun daji, samar da ruwa na jama'a, kewayawar kogi (saboda misali: ƙananan matakan ruwa), samar da wutar lantarki (ta hanyar shafar tsarin wutar lantarki) da kuma tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fleming-Muñoz |first=David A. |last2=Whitten |first2=Stuart |last3=Bonnett |first3=Graham D. |date=28 June 2023 |title=The economics of drought: A review of impacts and costs |journal=Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=501–523 |doi=10.1111/1467-8489.12527 |issn=1364-985X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kudin zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da mummunar tasiri a kan lafiyar mutanen da ke fuskantar wannan abu kai tsaye (rashin zafi mai yawa), tsadar abinci mai yawa, damuwa da girbi ya haifar, karancin ruwa, da dai sauransu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stanke |first=Carla |last2=Kerac |first2=Marko |last3=Prudhomme |first3=Christel |last4=Medlock |first4=Jolyon |last5=Murray |first5=Virginia |date=2013-06-05 |title=Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence |journal=PLOS Currents |volume=5 |doi=10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 |doi-broken-date=20 April 2026 |issn=2157-3999 |pmc=3682759 |pmid=23787891 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsawon fari ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa da Rikicin jin kai.<ref name="Stanke">{{Cite journal |last=Stanke |first=C |last2=Kerac |first2=M |last3=Prudhomme |first3=C |last4=Medlock |first4=J |last5=Murray |first5=V |date=5 June 2013 |title=Health effects of drought: a systematic review of the evidence. |journal=PLOS Currents |volume=5 |doi=10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 |doi-broken-date=20 April 2026 |pmc=3682759 |pmid=23787891 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bellizzi |first=Saverio |last2=Lane |first2=Chris |last3=Elhakim |first3=Mohamed |last4=Nabeth |first4=Pierre |date=12 November 2020 |title=Health consequences of drought in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: hotspot areas and needed actions |journal=Environmental Health |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=114 |bibcode=2020EnvHe..19..114B |doi=10.1186/s12940-020-00665-z |issn=1476-069X |pmc=7659048 |pmid=33183302 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misalan yankuna da ke da haɗarin fari sune Yankin Amazon, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], yankin [[Sahel]] da [[Indiya]]. Misali, a cikin shekara ta 2005, sassan Yankin Amazon sun fuskanci fari mafi muni a cikin shekaru 100.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Amazon Drought Worst in 100 Years |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-24-05.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115094341/http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-24-05.asp |archive-date=2019-11-15 |access-date=5 November 2017 |website=ens-newswire.com}}</ref> Ostiraliya na iya fuskantar fari mai tsanani kuma za su iya zama masu yawa a nan gaba, rahoton da gwamnati ta bayar ya ce a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2008. Tsawon fari na Australiya na Millennial ya ɓarke a cikin 2010. Rashin fari na Horn of Africa na 2020-2022 ya wuce mummunan fari a cikin 2010-2011 a duka tsawon lokaci da tsananin. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Dunne |first=Daisy |date=2022-10-26 |title=Analysis: Africa's unreported extreme weather in 2022 and climate change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-africas-unreported-extreme-weather-in-2022-and-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-21 |title=Horn of Africa Drought: Regional Humanitarian Overview & Call to Action |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/horn-africa-drought-regional-humanitarian-overview-call-action-revised-21-september-2022 |access-date=2022-10-29 |publisher=ReliefWeb}}</ref> A cikin tarihi, mutane galibi suna kallon fari a matsayin bala'o'i saboda tasirin da ke tattare da wadatar abinci da sauran al'umma. Mutane sun kalli fari a matsayin bala'i na halitta ko kuma wani abu da aikin ɗan adam ya rinjayi, ko kuma sakamakon ikon allahntaka. == Ma'ana == [[Fayil:Fields_outside_benambra.jpg|right|thumb|Filin da ke waje da Benambra, Ostiraliya da ke fama da fari a shekara ta 2006.]] Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya bayyana fari kawai a matsayin "mai tsanani fiye da yanayin al'ada". :{{Rp|1157}} Wannan yana nufin cewa fari shine "rashin danshi dangane da matsakaicin wadatar ruwa a wani wuri da kuma lokacin da aka ba shi".<ref name=":2" /> : 1157 {{Rp|1157}} Dangane da National Integrated Drought Information System, haɗin gwiwar hukumomi da yawa, ana bayyana fari gabaɗaya a matsayin "rashin hazo a tsawon lokaci (yawanci lokaci ɗaya ko fiye), wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ruwa". Ofishin Kula da Yanayi na Kasa na [[Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa|NOAA]] ya bayyana fari a matsayin "rashin danshi wanda ke haifar da mummunar tasiri ga mutane, dabbobi, ko ciyayi a kan yanki mai girma".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought Basics |url=https://www.drought.gov/what-is-drought/drought-basics |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Drought.gov |publisher=NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System}}</ref> fari abu ne mai rikitarwa − wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin ruwa − wanda ke leken sa ido da bayyanawa. A farkon shekarun 1980, an riga an buga ma'anoni sama da 150 na "bishi". Yanayin ma'anar yana nuna bambance-bambance a cikin yankuna, buƙatu, da hanyoyin horo. fpafw7iz23fkrfr1sni6ldbmls4jbll 840916 840914 2026-05-28T06:07:27Z Sirjat 20447 /* Ma'ana */ 840916 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fari''' lokaci ne na bushewa fiye da yadda aka saba. {{Rp|1157}}Fari na iya ɗaukar kwanaki, watanni ko shekaru. Fari yakan yi tasiri sosai ga yanayin halittu da [[noma]] na yankunan da abin ya shafa, kuma yana haifar da illa ga [[Tattalin arziki|tattalin arzikin]] yankin. Lokacin rani na shekara-shekara a [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yankunan zafi]] yana ƙara yiwuwar fari ya bunƙasa sosai, tare da ƙaruwar haɗarin gobarar daji daga baya. <ref name="Brando">{{Cite journal |last=Brando |first=Paulo M. |last2=Paolucci |first2=Lucas |last3=Ummenhofer |first3=Caroline C. |last4=Ordway |first4=Elsa M. |last5=Hartmann |first5=Henrik |last6=Cattau |first6=Megan E. |last7=Rattis |first7=Ludmila |last8=Medjibe |first8=Vincent |last9=Coe |first9=Michael T. |last10=Balch |first10=Jennifer |date=30 May 2019 |title=Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=555–581 |bibcode=2019AREPS..47..555B |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010235 |issn=0084-6597 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Guguwar zafi|Raƙuman zafi]] na iya ƙara ta'azzara yanayin fari sosai ta hanyar ƙara yawan fitar da hayaki . Wannan yana busar da dazuzzuka da sauran ciyayi, kuma yana ƙara yawan mai ga gobarar daji. <ref name="Brando" /> <ref name="Hartmann">{{Cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=Henrik |last2=Bastos |first2=Ana |last3=Das |first3=Adrian J. |last4=Esquivel-Muelbert |first4=Adriane |last5=Hammond |first5=William M. |last6=Martínez-Vilalta |first6=Jordi |last7=McDowell |first7=Nate G. |last8=Powers |first8=Jennifer S. |author-link8=Jennifer Sarah Powers |last9=Pugh |first9=Thomas A.M. |last10=Ruthrof |first10=Katinka X. |last11=Allen |first11=Craig D. |date=20 May 2022 |title=Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide |journal=Annual Review of Plant Biology |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=673–702 |bibcode=2022ARPB...73..673H |doi=10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804 |issn=1543-5008 |pmid=35231182 |doi-access=free}}</ref> fari alama ce ta sauyawa a mafi yawan sassan duniya, ya zama mafi tsananin gaske kuma ba za a iya hango shi ba saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], wanda binciken dendrochronological ya samo asali ne daga 1900. Akwai nau'ikan tasirin fari guda uku, muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Tasirin muhalli sun haɗa da bushewar wuraren da ke da ruwa, ƙarin gobarar daji, [[Rashin bambancin halittu|asarar halittu masu yawa]]. Tasirin tattalin arziki na fari ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga aikin [[noma]] da kiwon dabbobi (wanda ke haifar da [[Tsaron abinci|Rashin tsaro na abinci]]), gandun daji, samar da ruwa na jama'a, kewayawar kogi (saboda misali: ƙananan matakan ruwa), samar da wutar lantarki (ta hanyar shafar tsarin wutar lantarki) da kuma tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fleming-Muñoz |first=David A. |last2=Whitten |first2=Stuart |last3=Bonnett |first3=Graham D. |date=28 June 2023 |title=The economics of drought: A review of impacts and costs |journal=Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=501–523 |doi=10.1111/1467-8489.12527 |issn=1364-985X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kudin zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya sun haɗa da mummunar tasiri a kan lafiyar mutanen da ke fuskantar wannan abu kai tsaye (rashin zafi mai yawa), tsadar abinci mai yawa, damuwa da girbi ya haifar, karancin ruwa, da dai sauransu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stanke |first=Carla |last2=Kerac |first2=Marko |last3=Prudhomme |first3=Christel |last4=Medlock |first4=Jolyon |last5=Murray |first5=Virginia |date=2013-06-05 |title=Health Effects of Drought: a Systematic Review of the Evidence |journal=PLOS Currents |volume=5 |doi=10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 |doi-broken-date=20 April 2026 |issn=2157-3999 |pmc=3682759 |pmid=23787891 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsawon fari ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa da Rikicin jin kai.<ref name="Stanke">{{Cite journal |last=Stanke |first=C |last2=Kerac |first2=M |last3=Prudhomme |first3=C |last4=Medlock |first4=J |last5=Murray |first5=V |date=5 June 2013 |title=Health effects of drought: a systematic review of the evidence. |journal=PLOS Currents |volume=5 |doi=10.1371/currents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004 |doi-broken-date=20 April 2026 |pmc=3682759 |pmid=23787891 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bellizzi |first=Saverio |last2=Lane |first2=Chris |last3=Elhakim |first3=Mohamed |last4=Nabeth |first4=Pierre |date=12 November 2020 |title=Health consequences of drought in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: hotspot areas and needed actions |journal=Environmental Health |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=114 |bibcode=2020EnvHe..19..114B |doi=10.1186/s12940-020-00665-z |issn=1476-069X |pmc=7659048 |pmid=33183302 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misalan yankuna da ke da haɗarin fari sune Yankin Amazon, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], yankin [[Sahel]] da [[Indiya]]. Misali, a cikin shekara ta 2005, sassan Yankin Amazon sun fuskanci fari mafi muni a cikin shekaru 100.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Amazon Drought Worst in 100 Years |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-24-05.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115094341/http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-24-05.asp |archive-date=2019-11-15 |access-date=5 November 2017 |website=ens-newswire.com}}</ref> Ostiraliya na iya fuskantar fari mai tsanani kuma za su iya zama masu yawa a nan gaba, rahoton da gwamnati ta bayar ya ce a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2008. Tsawon fari na Australiya na Millennial ya ɓarke a cikin 2010. Rashin fari na Horn of Africa na 2020-2022 ya wuce mummunan fari a cikin 2010-2011 a duka tsawon lokaci da tsananin. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Dunne |first=Daisy |date=2022-10-26 |title=Analysis: Africa's unreported extreme weather in 2022 and climate change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-africas-unreported-extreme-weather-in-2022-and-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Carbon Brief}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-21 |title=Horn of Africa Drought: Regional Humanitarian Overview & Call to Action |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/horn-africa-drought-regional-humanitarian-overview-call-action-revised-21-september-2022 |access-date=2022-10-29 |publisher=ReliefWeb}}</ref> A cikin tarihi, mutane galibi suna kallon fari a matsayin bala'o'i saboda tasirin da ke tattare da wadatar abinci da sauran al'umma. Mutane sun kalli fari a matsayin bala'i na halitta ko kuma wani abu da aikin ɗan adam ya rinjayi, ko kuma sakamakon ikon allahntaka. == Ma'ana == [[Fayil:Fields_outside_benambra.jpg|right|thumb|Filin da ke waje da Benambra, Ostiraliya da ke fama da fari a shekara ta 2006.]] Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya bayyana fari kawai a matsayin "mai tsanani fiye da yanayin al'ada". :{{Rp|1157}} Wannan yana nufin cewa fari shine "rashin danshi dangane da matsakaicin wadatar ruwa a wani wuri da kuma lokacin da aka ba shi".<ref name=":2" /> : 1157 {{Rp|1157}} Dangane da National Integrated Drought Information System, haɗin gwiwar hukumomi da yawa, ana bayyana fari gabaɗaya a matsayin "rashin hazo a tsawon lokaci (yawanci lokaci ɗaya ko fiye), wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ruwa". Ofishin Kula da Yanayi na Kasa na [[Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa|NOAA]] ya bayyana fari a matsayin "rashin danshi wanda ke haifar da mummunar tasiri ga mutane, dabbobi, ko ciyayi a kan yanki mai girma".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drought Basics |url=https://www.drought.gov/what-is-drought/drought-basics |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Drought.gov |publisher=NOAA National Integrated Drought Information System}}</ref> fari abu ne mai rikitarwa − wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin ruwa − wanda ke leken sa ido da bayyanawa. A farkon shekarun 1980, an riga an buga ma'anoni sama da 150 na "bishi". Yanayin ma'anar yana nuna bambance-bambance a cikin yankuna, buƙatu, da hanyoyin horo. == Manazarta == 0xphotbk6xpt5f6pyap3tugk6b6snjv 0 18124 840489 827867 2026-05-27T16:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kabiru Alhassan Rurum''' Dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan kasuwa daga jihar Kano wanda ya rike mukamin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Kano daga 2015 - 2017 da 2018 - 2019. Shine dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Rano/Bunkure/Kibiya a jihar Kano tun a shekarar 2019. Rurum ya kasance mai sarautar gargajiya daga Masarautar Rano. . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2018 |title=Kano Assembly removes Speaker, elects replacement |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kano-speaker-ata-removed/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Speaker |url=https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/speaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121023056/https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/speaker/ |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Kano State Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Kabiru a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1970 a unguwar Katanga da ke Rurum a karamar hukumar Rano ta jihar Kano. Ya halarci makarantar Rurum Central Primary tsakanin 1977 zuwa 1982, Government Junior Secondary Rurum, tsakanin 1983 zuwa 1985 sannan ya wuce Makarantar Sakandaren Grammar Government, Rano tsakanin 1985 zuwa 1988 inda ya samu takardar shaidar SSCE. Ya sami [[National Diploma (Nigeria)|Diploma na kasa]] a cikin Gudanar da [[Administration Management|Gudanarwa]] a Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo Ile - Ife a cikin 2000 da kuma difloma na gaba daga [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya, Kano]] a cikin 2002. Yana da kyakkyawan umarni, mai kyau a cikin hukunci tare da sha'awar ci gaban al'umma. == Kasuwanci == Kabiru ya fara kasuwancinsa a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] [[Center of Commerce|Cibiyar Kasuwanci]] Najeriya kafin ya koma [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. Ya kasance shugaban Mile 12 Perishable Market wanda ya zama ci gabansa a siyasa. Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] daga Shugaban Kasuwanci zuwa [[Kansila|Mai ba da shawara]]. Ya kuma riƙe taken gargajiya na "Turakin Hausawa na Kosofe Land". == Siyasa == Kabiru An zabe shi a matsayin [[Kansila|Mai ba da shawara]] a cikin Ward 'F' Ikosi / Ketu / M12/Maidan / Agiliti / Awode Elede na [[Kosofe]] Karamar Hukumar [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a shekarar 1997 bayan ya ceci wa'adinsa a matsayin mai wakiltar al'ummar Hausa a Jihar Legasa sannan ya koma garinsu Kano inda aka nada shi mai kula da ayyukan a [[Local Government Council|Majalisar Karamar Hukumar]] [[Rano]] inda ya yi aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2002 An fara zabar Kabiru a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano don wakiltar mazabar [[Rano]] a Babban Zabe na Najeriya na 2011 inda ya lashe zaben kuma ya zama Shugaban Mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Kano. Kabiru ya zama Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano bayan ya lashe zabensa na biyu a [[Zaben Najeriya na 2015|Babban zaben Najeriya na 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY CANDIDATES 2015 « INEC Nigeria |url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/?page_id=3674 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015256/http://www.inecnigeria.org/?page_id=3674 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=6 August 2017 |website=www.inecnigeria.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=daniel |date=22 March 2016 |title=We Never Received N17m 'Bribe' From Gov. Ganduje – Kano Lawmakers |url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/03/we-never-received-n17m-bribe-from-gov-ganduje-kano-lawmakers.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Information Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics – Information Nigeria |url=https://ticklenburg23.rssing.com/chan-12793578/all_p414.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=ticklenburg23.rssing.com}}</ref> Kabiru ya yi murabus daga kakakin majalisar saboda zargin da aka yi masa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstral.com |date=2017-07-03 |title=thisdaylive.com: "Kano Assembly Speaker Resigns, Yusuf Abdullahi Takes over Sanusi Probe" |url=http://newstral.com/en/article/en/1069371804/kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-yusuf-abdullahi-takes-over-sanusi-probe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711213200/https://newstral.com/en/article/en/1069371804/kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-yusuf-abdullahi-takes-over-sanusi-probe |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Newstral |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2017 |title=Kano Assembly Speaker resigns over Emir Sanusi probe – Premium Times Nigeria |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/235683-breaking-kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-emir-sanusi-probe.html |access-date=6 August 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2017 |title=Photos: Kano state House of Assembly speaker, Kabiru Rumrum, resigns from office |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/07/photos-kano-state-house-of-assembly.html.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Linda Ikeji's Blog |language=en}}</ref> Kabiru ya yunkurin da yawa don tsige [[Yusuf Abdullahi Ata]] amma Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya shiga tsakani <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sa'ad |first=Buhari |date=16 May 2018 |title=Governor Ganduje resolves Kano assembly crisis |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/governor-ganduje-resolves-kano-assembly-crisis-114545 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ganduje Intervenes In Kano Assembly Crisis |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/05/16/ganduje-intervenes-in-kano-assembly-crisis/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Assembly shut over move to impeach Speaker |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/tag/alhaji-yusuf-abdullahi-ata |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025}}</ref> da [[Hamisu Chidari]] ya sadaukar da mataimakin kakakinsa ga Kabiru don cimma zaman lafiya a cikin gidan amma a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2018 ya kammala aikinsa tare da taimakon magajin 26 daga cikin 'yan majalisa na Jihar Kanowa Abid ya kaddamar da Shugaba Abduwa [3] Ya kaddamarar da shi ne wanda Shugaba Abdamar da shi Majalisa Abduwa<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorondinki |first=Ahmad |date=2018-05-15 |title=Armed Policemen Take Over Kano Assembly Complex – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://www.independent.ng/armed-policemen-take-over-kano-assembly-complex/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |publisher=Independent.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2018 |title=Police take over Kano State House of Assembly - |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/police-take-over-kano-state-house-of-assembly/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng1">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker, replaces him with ex-Speaker |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/278243-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker-replaces-him-with-ex-speaker.html |access-date=20 March 2020 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker |url=https://dailynigerian.com/breaking-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Breaking: Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker Abdullahi Atta |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/breaking-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2018 |title=Ata's impeachment and Kano's changing political paradigm |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/atas-impeachment-and-kanos-changing-political-paradigm/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2018 |title=Kano Speaker faces recall, as constituents petition INEC |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/kano-speaker-faces-recall-as-constituents-petition-inec/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=peoplesdailyng.com |language=en-US |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423091207/https://peoplesdailyng.com/kano-speaker-faces-recall-as-constituents-petition-inec/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabi Kabiru a matsayin memba a Babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Kano Assembly Speaker wins Reps Seat |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/02/25/kano-assembly-speaker-wins-reps-seat/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref> don wakiltar mazabar Tarayyar [[Rano]] / [[Bunkure]] / [[Kibiya]] a Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/292 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203102750/https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/292 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=www.nassnig.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/kabiru-alhassan-rurum |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=See list of elected House of Representatives members from Kano State |url=https://dailytrust.com/see-list-of-elected-house-of-representatives-members-from-kano-state |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031162015/https://dailytrust.com/see-list-of-elected-house-of-representatives-members-from-kano-state |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=solacebase.com |date=21 May 2020 |title=Kabiru Alhassan Rurum: Still the master of the game |url=https://www.solacebase.com/2020/05/21/kabiru-alhassan-rurum-still-the-master-of-the-game/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=APC wins 19 out of 24 federal constituencies in Kano |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/apc-wins-19-out-of-24-federal-constituencies-in-kano/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorondinki |first=Ahmad |date=2019-02-26 |title=Kano Speaker, Rurum, Wins Reps Seat – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://www.independent.ng/kano-speaker-rurum-wins-reps-seat/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |publisher=Independent.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Assembly speakers, like civil servants, deserve life pension for serving their state – Rurum, Speaker, Kano Assembly |url=https://punchng.com/assembly-speakers-like-civil-servants-deserve-life-pension-for-serving-their-state-rurum-speaker-kano-assembly/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=Gbajabiamila names ex-Kano Speaker who made life pension law for himself as chairman House Committee on Pensions |url=https://dailynigerian.com/gbajabiamila-names-ex-kano-speaker-who-made-life-pension-law-for-himself-as-chairman-house-committee-on-pensions/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref> Kabiru yana da lakabi na gargajiya a Majalisar Masarautar Rano, Turakin Rano wanda marigayi Sarkin Rano Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila na 2 ya yi masa turbaned <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naija247news |date=2 May 2020 |title=Emir of Rano dies hours after hospitalisation |url=https://www.naija247news.com/2020/05/02/emir-of-rano-dies-hours-after-hospitalisation/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Naija247news |language=en-US |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015202229/https://naija247news.com/2020/05/02/emir-of-rano-dies-hours-after-hospitalisation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9tv8lqd6zmuit3y6w8tdo5ry0h6zbzr 0 19673 840491 545307 2026-05-27T16:51:59Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na 15. A farkon karni na 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] ebwluogck99eds4haln72quvfw6gkl6 840493 840491 2026-05-27T16:54:18Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na 15. A farkon karni na 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] oc9wn2ybhr8h62u225dgul5mq1pm0nm 840494 840493 2026-05-27T16:56:09Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] igoiqu0fkzbkk5aw9gtx2f186lcbk3y 840495 840494 2026-05-27T16:56:54Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda aka yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] rbv59kn2ohvnq7kt7gojlr1hi6lk26a 840496 840495 2026-05-27T16:58:26Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] tj6181jnsor9p1dbxwa7y4wwdu5lgrw 840497 840496 2026-05-27T17:01:38Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garin [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] 15swhc1md3hsk0uv1kjvdu2uh04tg7n 840498 840497 2026-05-27T17:06:39Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] omj4gppmzs2pnvuvgopiektfmkv3l0p 840500 840498 2026-05-27T17:08:47Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yanki da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] nn1is81py4gcagjd2t24wsmdelqppnr 840501 840500 2026-05-27T17:10:30Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] ebq4cn467luyi6ss24bvwt8zkjei2sj 840503 840501 2026-05-27T17:15:02Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] dbr6pds5uzediszfzp4w1iu2tscs2b6 840504 840503 2026-05-27T17:15:43Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa dari da hamsin 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa ya zama yaren 'Yar asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] pq2yzu9yhb3wey6x0uhhe66zg28wp25 840509 840504 2026-05-27T17:18:09Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa dari da hamsin 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa yan zaman yaren 'Yan asalin [[Afirka]] wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] osv5i59zw3331n2xn2etyv3rbmhcmb9 840513 840509 2026-05-27T17:20:09Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa dari da hamsin 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa yan zaman yaren 'Yan asalin [[Afirka]]ne, wanda ake magana dashi kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] 1t2v5wtxxv910dr8vfkekrag89hoycr 840516 840513 2026-05-27T17:21:22Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa dari da hamsin 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa yan zaman yaren 'Yan asalin [[Afirka]]ne, wanda ake magana dashi, kuma shine na 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] 66dvwb6ibc5ywlr816i3lb42e3unzxz 840519 840516 2026-05-27T17:22:40Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 840519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hausa – Fulani''' ƙungiya ce ta yare daban-daban na ƙasar Sudan ( [[Larabci]] : السودان), babban yanki a kudu da [[Sahara]], wanda ya ƙunshi Sahel ( [[Larabci]] : ساحل), galibi suna yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].Hausa-Fulani [[mutane]] ne masu hadewar [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda akasarinsu suna magana da wani [[Harshen Hausa|yare na Hausa]] a matsayin yarensu na asali, duk da cewa kusan miliyan 12 zuwa Milyan 15 suna magana da [[Fillanci|Fulanin da]] ake kira [[Fillanci|Fulfude.]] Duk da yake wasu Fulani da'awar Semitic asalin, Hausas ne 'yan asalin to [[Afirka ta Yamma ma'ana|West Africa]]. <ref>Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape]. </ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa tsarin "Hausa" a Sudan mai yiwuwa al'adu ne da jinsinsu. <ref>Bosch, Elena et al. </ref> Harshen Hausa-Fulani ya samo asali ne, sakamakon ƙaura da mutanen [[Fulani|Fula]] zuwa ƙasar [[Hausawa]] wanda ya faru tun ƙarni na goma sha biyar 15. A farkon karni na goma sha tara 19, Sheikh [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] ya jagoranci jihadin da ya yi nasara a kan [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausawa da suka]] kafa Daular Fulani ta tsakiya (wanda akan yiwa lakabi da [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] ). Bayan jihadi, Dan Fodio ya karfafa auratayya a tsakanin Fulani da suka mamaye yankin da galibin sauran Hausawan; bugu da kari, dangin Jobawa, Dambazawa da Sullubawa na Fulanin da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro sun yi kaura zuwa yankin kuma sun auri manyan garuruwan yankin wadanda galibi fitattun Hausawa ne, kuma sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke cakuda harshen Hausa, al’adu da kabilu na Hausa-Fulani. A sakamakon wannan, yaren Fulatanci yana magana da harshen Hausa kuma shine mafi yawan mazaunan garuruwa kamar su [[Daura]], [[Zamfara]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], da [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]], kuma kusan ashirin da biyu 22% na yawan mutanen [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Fulanin-Hausa da farko suna magana da bambance-bambancen na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na yare daban-daban na yanki-yankin da ke iya fahimtar juna. Ana magana da harshen Hausa sama da mutane miliyan dari 100 zuwa dari da hamsin 150 a duk fadin Afirka, wanda hakan yasa yan zaman yaren 'Yan asalin [[Afirka]]ne, wanda ake magana dashi, kuma shine na sha daya 11 a [[duniya]] da ake magana dashi . Tun lokacin kasuwancin Sahara, ana amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin yare daga [[Agadez|Agadez a]] zurfin [[Sahara]] zuwa [[Timbuktu]] arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]], kuma yana da kalmomin lamuni da yawa daga [[Larabci]]. Shekaru aru-aru, tana amfani da [[Ajami|rubutun Ajami]] wanda ya kasance tushen asalin al'adar masaniyar yare. An maye gurbin rubutun da lafazin latin na haruffan boko, bayan da turawan ingila suka ci nasara da [[Daular Sokoto|khalifancin sokoto]]. == Hangen nesa == Tushen Larabci na Zamani yana nufin yankin kamar ''Sudan'' ko kuma ''Bilad Al Sudan'' ( English: ; {{Lang-ar|بلاد السودان}}). Wannan nadin na iya haifar da kalmar Negroland wacce Turawa suka yi amfani da ita har zuwa karni na 19 don komawa zuwa yankin da ba shi da kyau wanda aka gano a arewacin yankin Guinea : wanda ya kunshi Slave Coast, [[Kogin Zinariya (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]], Grain Coast a [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|url=https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~16~10078|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Tunda yawan jama'ar yana da alaƙa da al'adun Musulman Larabawa na Arewacin Afirka, sai suka fara fatauci sannan masu magana da larabcin su kira su da ''Al-Sudan'' (ma'ana "Thean Bakar fata") saboda ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wani ɓangare na duniyar [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmi]]. Akwai bayanan tarihi na farko da masana tarihin Larabawa na zamanin da da Larabawa da masanan ƙasa waɗanda suka yi nuni ga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Daular Kanem-Bornu a]] matsayin manyan yankuna na wayewar Musulunci. Shi ne wata ila cewa na da [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa mulkokin]] kafa fatauci dangantaka tare da Borno Empire, wanda zama ƙara m matsayin babban Afirka transshipment cibiyar ga trans-Saharan cinikin bayi . Hausa shugabanni ma iya bayar Sudanic mutãnensu a matsayin tributary da Borno Empire domin ja yaki tare da Empire. A hankali kasar Sudan ta sami ci gaba tare da yaduwar addinin Islama daga karni na 7 miladiyya, lokacin da aka fara kawo harshen larabci zuwa Sudan ta hanyar Bornu. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Fulanin da ke yankin makiyaya da farko sun ratsa yankin Sahelian da ke hamada, arewacin Sudan, da shanu kuma suka guji kasuwanci da yin cudanya da mutanen Sudan. Fulaninci aƙalla an ƙarfafa shi a yankunan karkara a farkon ƙarni na 16 tare da ƙaura daga dangin fatarar Dambazawa masu arziki daga Bornu. [[Daular Sokoto|Kalifancin Sakkwato ya]] kafu sosai bayan jihadi karkashin jagorancin [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]] (daga shekara ta 1754 zuwa shekara ta 1817), wanda wata majalisa ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Amir na Muminai|Amir al-Mu'minin]] ko Amirul Muminin. Masarautar tare da Larabci a matsayin harshenta na hukuma ya haɓaka cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa da na zuriyarsa, waɗanda suka aiko da runduna zuwa kowane yanki. Babbar daular mara iyaka ta hade Gabas da yankin Yammacin Sudan. A matsayinta na kasar Musulunci, hukuma tana samun asali ne daga tsoron Allah da karatuttukan ilimi, don haka ne Sarkin Musulmi ya tura masarauta don su kafa takunkumi a kan yankunan da aka ci da yaki da kuma bunkasa wayewar Musulunci, don karfafa tsarin mulki da manyan masu fada a ji. Wannan sulhun daga baya ya haifar da sannu a hankali al'adun Fulanin da Hausawa suka mamaye manyan biranen Hausa (ko [[Hausa Bakwai]] ) na: [[Daura]], [[Hadejia|Hadeija]], [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]], [[Zazzau]], [[Rano]], da Gobir, wanda hakan ya haifar da ilimi mai yawa da inganta harshe da al'adun Hausawa ta hanyar makarantu da kafofin watsa labarai daga baya, a lokacin ƙarni na 20 da Turawan Ingila suka yi. == Duba kuma == * Yaƙin Fulanin * [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]] * [[Hausawa]] * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]] * Tarihin Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Fulani yan Najeriya]] 2r3n44ufto46hat0zyitj307awmqkby 0 19691 840622 528895 2026-05-28T00:07:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Shehu|Sheikh]] '''Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan''' ({{Lang-ar|خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان}}; An haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Satumban shekara ta alif 1948 zuwa ranar 13 ga Mayu shekarata alif 2022; wanda ake kira da '''Sheikh Khalifa''') shi ne shugaban hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, sarkin Abu Dhabi, babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin Hadaddiyar da shugaban Majalisar Koli ta Man Fetur. Sheikh Khalifa shi ne kuma shugaban [[Abu Dhabi (birni)]] Investment Authority, wanda ke kula da kadarorin dala biliyan Dari takwas da saba'in da biyar (875), wanda shi ne adadi mafi yawa da wani shugaban kasa ya gudanar a duniya. Gabaɗaya, an yi imani da gidan Al Nahyan na da dala biliyan Dari da hamsin(150). Sheikh Khalifa ya gaji mahaifinsa, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, a matsayin Sarkin Abu Dhabi a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2004 kuma ya zama Shugaban UAE a washegari. Kamar yadda Crown Prince, ya riga a zahiri shine za'ayi wasu al'amurran da shugabancin tun lokacin da marigayi a shekara ta alif 1990s yayin da mahaifinsa ya ta kiwon lafiya matsaloli.<ref name="UAE">{{Cite news|url=https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/hh-sheikh-khalifa-bin-zayed-al-nahyan|title=H. H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan|date=|work=United Arab Emirates|access-date=2021-03-30|language=en|archive-date=2024-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112055229/https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-leaders/hh-sheikh-khalifa-bin-zayed-al-nahyan|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekara ta 2014, Khalifa ya kamu da bugun jini amma yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya hau kujerar mai martaba a cikin lamuran jihar, amma ya ci gaba da rike iko na shugaban kasa. Halfan uwansa Sheikh Mohammed dan Zayed Al Nahyan yanzu yana gudanar da harkokin jama'a na jihar da kuma yanke shawara ta yau da kullun ta [[Abu Dhabi (Masarauta)|Masarautar Abu Dhabi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b2c77348-8659-11e3-aa31-00144feab7de|title=UAE president stable after suffering stroke|publisher=Financial Times|date=26 January 2014}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === [[File:Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan with Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.jpg|thumb|Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] An haifi Khalifa a ranar 7 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1948 a Qasr Al-Muwaiji, Al Ain, a cikin [[Abu Dhabi]] (lokacin wani ɓangare ne na sashen Tarayyar), babban ɗan Zayed dan Sultan Al Nahyan, Sarkin Abu Dhabi, da Hassa diyar Mohammed dan Khalifa Al Nahyan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheikha Hessa, mother of Sheikh Khalifa, dies |website=The National |location=United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/sheikha-hessa-mother-of-sheikh-khalifa-dies-1.699374 |access-date=28 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Crown Prince Court">{{cite web |title=The UAE President |url=https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thepresident/Pages/president.aspx |website=Crown Prince Court |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419040157/https://www.cpc.gov.ae/en-us/thepresident/Pages/president.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kammala karatu ne a makarantar koyon aikin soja ta [[Sandhurst]]. === 1966–1971 === Lokacin da mahaifinsa, Zayed ya zama Sarkin Abu Dhabi a shekara ta 1966, an nada Khalifa Wakilin Sarki (magajin gari) a Yankin Gabashin Abu Dhabi kuma Shugaban Sashen Kotuna a Al Ain. Zayed ya kasance Wakilin Sarki a Yankin Gabas kafin ya zama Sarkin Abu Dhabi. Bayan 'yan watanni aka ba mukamin ga Tahnoun bin Mohammed Al Nahyan. A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1969, an zabi Khalifa a matsayin Yarima mai jiran gado na Abu Dhabi, washegari kuma aka nada shi Shugaban Sashin Tsaro na Abu Dhabi. A cikin wannan mukamin, ya kula da ginin rundunar tsaron Abu Dhabi, wanda bayan shekara ta 1971 ya zama asalin rundunar sojojin UAE.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/158103051.html |publisher=Entrepreneur |title=Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 'Yancin kai a shekara ta 1971 === Bayan kafuwar UAE a shekara ta 1971, Khalifa ya hau mukamai da yawa a Abu Dhabi: Firayim Minista, shugaban majalisar zartarwar Abu Dhabi (a karkashin mahaifinsa), Ministan Tsaro, da Ministan Kudi. Bayan sake gina majalisar zartarwa ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, an maye gurbin majalisar zartarwar ta Abu Dhabi da Majalisar Zartarwa ta Abu Dhabi, kuma Khalifa ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista na 2 na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (a ranar 23 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1973) kuma Shugaban Majalisar Zartarwa na Abu Dhabi (a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1974), a karkashin mahaifinsa. A watan Mayun shekara ta 1976, ya zama mataimakin kwamandan rundunar ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, a karkashin Shugaban kasa. Ya kuma zama shugaban Majalisar Koli ta Man Fetur a karshen shekara ta 1980, kuma ya ci gaba da wannan matsayin a yau, wanda ke ba shi cikakken iko a cikin batutuwan makamashi. Ya kuma kasance shugaban hukumar bincike kan muhalli da cigaban dabbobin daji. == Shugabancin kasar (2004 – present) == [[File:Vladimir_Putin_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_10_September_2007-5.jpg|left|thumb| Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan tare da Shugaban Rasha [[Vladimir Putin]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 2007.]] Ya gaji mukamin na Sarkin Abu Dhabi da Shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2004, ya maye gurbin mahaifinsa Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, wanda ya mutu washegari. Ya kasance mai rikon mukamin shugaban kasa tun lokacin da mahaifinsa ya kamu da rashin lafiya kafin rasuwarsa. A ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2005, Shugaban ya ba da sanarwar cewa rabin membobin Majalisar Tarayya ta Tarayya (FNC), majalisar da ke ba shugaban kasa shawara, za a zabe ta kai tsaye. Koyaya, rabin mambobin majalisar zasu buƙaci shugabannin masarautar su nada su. An shirya gudanar da zaben a watan Disambar shekara ta 2006. [[File:George_W._Bush_and_Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan.jpg|left|thumb| Khalifa da Shugaban Amurka [[George W. Bush]] a Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi, a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008]] A cikin shekara ta 2010, an bayyana Khalifa a cikin wani shafin yanar gizo na WikiLeaks wanda jakadan Amurka na wancan lokacin Richard G. Olson ya sanya wa hannu a matsayin "mutum mai nisa kuma mara da'a." A ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2010, babban ginin da mutum ya yi a duniya, wanda aka fi sani da suna Burj Dubai, aka sake masa suna zuwa [[Burj Khalifa]] don girmama shi. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Khalifa ya aika da rundunar Sojan Sama ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa don tallafawa tsoma bakin sojoji a Libya kan Muammar Gaddafi, tare da sojojin NATO, [[Qatar]], [[Sweden]] da [[Jodan|Jordan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wam.ae/en/news/emirates-international/1395228897642.htm|title=UAE updates support to UN Resolution 1973|date=25 March 2011|agency=[[WAM (Emirates News Agency)|WAM]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406053055/https://www.wam.ae/en/news/emirates-international/1395228897642.html |archive-date=6 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-march-24|publisher=Al Jazeera|title=Libya Live Blog – March&nbsp;24|date=24 March 2011|access-date=25 March 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110324161128/https://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-march-24| archive-date= 24 March 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> Khalifa ya yi alkawarin bayar da cikakken goyon baya ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ga gwamnatin [[Baharen|Bahrain]] a yayin fuskantar boren neman demokradiyya a shekarar 2011. Daga baya a waccan shekarar Khalifa ya zama sarki na huɗu mafi arziki a duniya, tare da dukiyar da aka kiyasta ta kai dala biliyan 15. A cikin shekara ta 2013, ya ba da izini ga ''Azzam'', jirgi mafi tsayi mafi tsayi da aka taɓa ginawa a 590&nbsp;ft (180&nbsp;m) dogon, tare da halin kaka tsakanin $ 400-600 miliyan. A cikin shekara ta 2011, Emirates ta ƙaddamar da shirin inganta "aminci" ga Khalifa da sauran shugabannin Emirati. Shirin ya ci gaba, kuma yana ƙarfafa ba kawai Emirate ba, amma mazauna daga kowace ƙasa don yin rijistar "godiya, girmamawa, da aminci" ga Sarakunan. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2014, Khalifa ya kamu da cutar shanyewar jiki kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali bayan an yi masa aiki. {{Clear}} == Investments and foreign aid == [[File:Ilham Aliyev visited embassy of UAE in Baku, offered condolences over the demise of President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan 02.jpg|thumb|Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] [[Seychelles|Bayanan gwamnatin Seychellois]] sun nuna cewa tun a shekara ta 1995 Sheikh Khalifa ya kashe dala miliyan 2 wajen sayen sama da kadada 66 a babban tsibirin na Seychelles na Mahé, inda ake gina fadarsa. Gwamnatin Seychelles ta karbi manyan kayan tallafi daga kasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, musamman ma allurar dala miliyan 130 da aka yi amfani da ita wajen ayyukan jin kai da taimakon soji, wanda ke daukar nauyin jiragen ruwa na sintiri don kokarin da ake yi na yakin Seychelles na yaki da satar fasaha. A shekara ta 2008, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kawo wa gwamnatin Seychelles bashin bashi, tare da allurar dala miliyan 30.<ref name=WSJ>{{Cite news|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703720004575476953617163656|title=Sheikh Abode a Sore Point in Seychelles|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|first=Coker|last=Margaret|access-date=16 February 2012|date=9 September 2010}}</ref> Sheikh Khalifa ya biya $ 500,000 don filin da ke da fadin kadada 29.8 a fadarsa a shekara ta 2005, a cewar takardar sayarwar. Da farko wata hukumar tsara Seychelles ta yi watsi da shirin ginin fadar, shawarar da ministocin Shugaba James Michel suka soke. Wata daya bayan fara ginin fadar, kamfanin ba da amfani na kasa ya yi gargadin cewa shirye-shiryen shafin na yin barazana ga samar da ruwan. Joel Morgan, Ministan Muhalli na Seychelles, ya ce gwamnati ba ta tausasa filayen ba saboda tana son ta je wurin Sheikh Khalifa. Morgan ya ce "wasiƙar doka" mai yiwuwa ba a bi ta cikin siyar da ƙasa ba. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2010, tsarin najasa da kamfanin Ascon, wanda ya gina gidan sarauta, ya kafa, don masu aikin ginin wurin ya cika, ya aika da kogunan shara a yankin, wadanda ke dauke da mazauna sama da mutum 8000. Hukumomin karamar hukuma da jami'ai daga ofishin Khalifa sun ba da amsa cikin gaggawa game da matsalar, inda suka aika da kwararru da injiniyoyi. Jami'an gwamnati sun yanke hukuncin cewa Ascon ya yi biris da ka'idojin kiwon lafiya da ka'idojin gini ga ma'aikatansu, kuma suka ci kamfanin tarar $ 81,000. Ascon ya dora alhakin faruwar lamarin a kan "yanayin yanayi mara kyau". Ofishin shugaban kasa na Khalifa ya yi tayin biyan dala miliyan 15 don maye gurbin aikin bututun ruwa ga tsaunin. Kuma wakilan gwamnatin Seychelles da mazauna garin sun ce Ascon ya yi tayin biyan kimanin dala 8,000 ga kowane daga cikin gidaje guda 360 da gurbatarwar ta shafa. A watan Afrilun Shekara ta 2016, Kungiyar Hadin gwiwar ‘Yan Jarida Masu Bincike ta Duniya ta sanya sunan Sheikh Khalifa a cikin Takaddun Panama;<ref name="Power Players">{{cite web|title=Panama Papers: The Power Players|url=https://panamapapers.icij.org/the_power_players/|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]]}}</ref> gwargwadon rahoto ya mallaki kyawawan abubuwa a cikin [[Landan|Landan da]] daraja fiye da $ 1.7&nbsp;biliyan ta hanyar kamfanonin kwalliya waɗanda Mossack Fonseca suka kafa kuma suke kula da shi a Tsibirin British Virgin Islands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Panama Papers: 12 world leaders linked to offshore dealings – and the full allegations against them|author= Adam Lusher|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/panama-papers-assad-putin-poroshenko-mubarak-al-saud-pm-iceland-sigmundur-davio-gunnlaugsson-a6967411.html |work=The Independent |date=5 April 2016 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Titles, styles, girmamawa da kyaututtuka == {{Infobox royal styles|royal name=President of the United Arab Emirates|image=[[File:Emblem of Abu Dhabi.svg|50px]]|dipstyle=[[His Highness]] <br> [[His Excellency]]|offstyle=Your Highness <br> Your Excellency|altstyle=Ra'is}} * {{Flag|Spain}}</img>{{Flag|Spain}} : ** [[File:Order_of_Civil_Merit_(Spain)_-_Sash_of_Grand_Collar.svg|70x70px]]</img>Knight Grand Cross tare da Collar na Order of Civil Merit (23 Mayu 2008) * {{Flag|United Kingdom}}</img>{{Flag|United Kingdom}} : ** [[File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg|70x70px]]</img> Mai Girma Knight Grand Cross na Mafi Girma Dokar Bath (25 Nuwamba 2010). <ref>https://c7.alamy.com/comp/E258HN/the-president-of-the-united-arab-emirates-his-highness-sheikh-khalifa-E258HN.jpg</ref> ** [[File:UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg|70x70px]]</img> Mai Girma Knight Grand Cross na Mafi Kyawun Tsarin na St Michael da St George * {{Flag|Netherlands}}</img>{{Flag|Netherlands}} : ** [[File:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png|70x70px]]</img> Knight Grand Cross na Umurnin Zakin Netherlands (08 Janairu 2012). <ref>https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/general/khalifa-welcomes-hm-queen-beatrix-of-netherlands</ref> * {{Flag|South Korea}}</img>{{Flag|South Korea}} : ** [[File:Grand Order of Mugunghwa (South Korea) - ribbon bar.svg|70x70px]]</img> Memba na Babban Umurnin Mugunghwa (2012) <ref>https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/government/korean-leader-hails-uae-achievements</ref> ==Mutuwa== Sheikh Khalifah bin Zayed ya ranan 13 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=President Sheikh Khalifa dies aged 73 |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2022/05/13/president-sheikh-khalifa-dies-age-73/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> ya rasu yanada shekaru 73 a duniya. == Duba kuma == * Jerin shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocin yanzu * Jerin sarakunan daular Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa * Jerin mashahuran masarauta * Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan * Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan * Sheikh Issa bin Zayed al Nahyan == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed at the Wayback Machine (archived 31 January 2018) Biography of U.A.E. President {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[Al Nahyan family|House of Al Nahyan]]|25 January|1948}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-inc}} |- {{S-off}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}} [[Category:Sarakuna]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t5uflvwyrszv551ne9ueqo9reczs58p 0 19879 840531 681875 2026-05-27T18:13:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dangote Cement Plc''' wani kamfanin hada siminti ne da yake hada-hadar kasuwancin kasa da kasa wanda ke da hedikwata a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Kamfanin ya tsunduma cikin kerawa da shiryawa da shigo da shi da kwalliya da rarraba siminti da kuma kayayyakin da suka danganci hakan a Kasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] kuma yana da shuke-shuke ko kuma tashar shigo da kayayyaki a wasu kasashen Afirka guda 9.<ref name="AR2013">{{cite web|url=http://dangcem.com/documentdownloads/Dangote%20Cement%20Audited%20Accounts%202013.pdf |title=CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2013 |publisher=Dangote Cement Plc }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AR2012">{{cite web|url=http://dangcem.com/admin/content/upload/FinancialReportsResults/Audited%20Results%20for%20the%20year%20ending%2031%20December%202012.pdf |title=Audited Results for the year ending 31 December 2012 |publisher=Dangote Cement Plc }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AR2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.dangcem.com/admin/content/upload/FinancialReportsAnual/Dangote%20Cement%202011%20Annual%20Report.pdf |title=Dangote Cement 2011 Annual Report |publisher=Dangote Cement Plc }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Dangote Siminti Plc ya kasance ana kiransa '''Obajana Cement Plc''' kuma ya canza suna zuwa Dangote Cement Plc a watan Yulin shekara ta 2010. Obajana Cement Plc an kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 1992. Dangote siminti Plc reshe ne na [[Dangote Group|Dangote Industries Limited]] kuma shi ne kamfani mafi girma da ake kasuwanci a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/dorewar-tattalin-arziki-blue/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810030622/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/dorewar-tattalin-arziki-blue/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin Siminti na Dangote da aka lissafa a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya a watan Oktoba a shekarar 2010 kuma ya zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Agustan, shekara ta 2014 ya samar da kashi 20% na jimillar kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya. [[Aliko Dangote]] ya saka hannun jari dala biliyan 6.5 a kamfanin tsakanin shekara ta 2007 da shekara ta 2012. Siminti ya kai kimanin kashi 80&nbsp; cikin Dari (100%) na yawan [[Dangote Group|kasuwancin rukunin Dangote ya]] zuwa shekara ta 2011.<ref name=15billion>{{cite news|title=Dangote Cement capitalisation hits $15 billion, says Paramjit|author=Emma Ujah|publisher=Vanguard Nigeria|date=October 17, 2011|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/dangote-cement-capitalisation-hits-15-billion-says-paramjit/|accessdate=June 22, 2012}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kamfanin Siminti na Dangote da ke Obajana, [[Kogi]], shi ne mafi girma a yankin Saharar Afirka tare da samar da tan miliyan 10.25 a kowace shekara a kan layuka uku da kuma karin tan miliyan 3 a kowace shekara a halin yanzu ana gina shi. A shekara ta 2012, kamfanin ya bude $ 1&nbsp;kamfanin siminti biliyan a Ibese, [[Ogun]]. Ginin yana iya samar da 6&nbsp;miliyan metric tan na siminti a kowace shekara, yana haɓaka jimillar abin da kamfanin ke samarwa da 40&nbsp;kashi a lokacin. Kamfanin Sinoma ne na kamfanin gine-gine da injiniya na kasar Sin ya kafa kamfanin, kuma yana wakiltar daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin da ba na mai ba a Najeriya. Ginin kamfanin a [[Gboko]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]] yana da tan miliyan 3 a kowace shekara tare da haɓaka zuwa tan miliyan 4 a kowace shekara da aka tsara a shekara ta 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/dangote-cement-begins-operation-in-senegal/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715162657/http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/dangote-cement-begins-operation-in-senegal/ |archivedate=2015-07-15 }}</ref> An buɗe wata shuka a cikin [[Senegal]] tare da wata shuka a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] a cikin shekara ta 2015. == Duba kuma == * [[Aliko Dangote]] * [[Dangote Group|Rukunin Dangote]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.dangote-group.com/ Kamfanin kamfanin siminti na Dangote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010404084015/http://www.dangote-group.com/ |date=2001-04-04 }} * [http://www.dangote-group.com/ourbrands/cement.aspx Siminti na Dangote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127194040/http://www.dangote-group.com/ourbrands/cement.aspx |date=2018-01-27 }} a rukunin gidan yanar gizon Rukunin Dangote. * [https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/DANGCEM:NL Siminti na Dangote] a Bloomberg . * [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=DANGCEM:NL Siminti Dangote] a Kasuwancin Kasuwanci . * [https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=DANGCEM.LG Kamfanin Dangote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823010351/http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=DANGCEM.LG |date=2017-08-23 }} a Kamfanin Reuters . * [http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials?s=DANGCEM:LAG Siminti na Dangote] a Jaridar Financial Times . * [https://www.forbes.com/companies/dangote-cement/ Siminti na Dangote] a Forbes Global 2000 . [[Category:Kamfanonin Najeriya]] qb00d7xxg25jgtppoeuviyuu578rx59 0 20472 841410 481150 2026-05-28T10:17:51Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_with_President_Hissène_Habré_of_Chad.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_During_a_Working_Visit_of_President_Hissein_Habre_of_Chad_and_His_Departure_Statements_at_The_Diplomatic_Entrance_-_DPLA_-_394ffc8f3e4dc286e8cb4 841410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hissène Habré''' ( [[Larabci]] : {{Lang|ar|حسين حبري}} ''Ḥusaīn īabrī'' ,&nbsp;Larabcin Chadi : pronounced [hiˈsɛn ˈhabre] ; French pronunciation: [isɛn abʁe] . an haife shi ranar 13 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1942), har wayau akan rubuta sunansa da '''Hissen Habré''', tsohon [[Cadi|dan siyasar Chadi]] ne wanda ya yi [[Jerin shugabannin ƙasar Cadi|Shugabancin Chadi]] daga shekarar 1982 har zuwa lokacin da aka sauke shi a shekarata 1990. An kawo shi kan mulki ne tare da goyon bayan [[Faransa]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], wadanda suka ba da horo, makamai, da kuma kudade. [[File:President Ronald Reagan During a Working Visit of President Hissein Habre of Chad and His Departure Statements at The Diplomatic Entrance - DPLA - 394ffc8f3e4dc286e8cb4ed1949b868e.jpg|thumb|Hissène Habré]] A watan Mayun shekarata 2016, wata kotun kasa da kasa da ke Senegal ta same shi da laifin cin zarafin dan Adam, ciki har da fyade, bautar da mata don jima’i, da ba da umarnin kashe mutane 40,000, sannan aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Shine tsohon shugaban kasa na farko da aka yankewa hukunci saboda take hakkin dan adam a kotun wata kasa. == Kuruciya == [[Fayil:Hissène Habré in 1987 (headshot).jpg|thumb|Hissène Habré]] An haifi Habré a shekarar 1942 a Faya-Largeau, arewacin Chadi, lokacin mulkin mallakar Faransa, a cikin dangin makiyaya. Ɗaya ne daga jinsin Anakaza reshe na ƙabilar Gourane, wanda shi a karan kansa wani reshe na babbar ƙabilar Toubou. <ref>Sam C. Nolutshungu, ''Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad'' (1996), page 110.</ref> Bayan karatun firamare, ya samu aiki a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, inda ya burge shugabanninsa kuma ya samu tallafin karatu a Faransa a Cibiyar Nazarin Manyan Makarantu a Paris. Ya kammala karatun digiri na jami'a a kimiyyar siyasa a Paris, sannan ya koma Chadi a 1971. Ya kuma samu wasu digiri da yawa kuma ya samu digirin digirgir daga Cibiyar. Bayan wani karamin lokaci na aikin gwamnati a matsayin mataimakin prefect, ya ziyarci [[Tripoli]] kuma ya shiga National Liberation Front of Chadi (FROLINAT) inda ya zama kwamanda a runduna ta biyu ta 'yantar da FROLINAT tare da Goukouni Oueddei . Bayan da Abba Siddick ya dare kan shugabancin FROLINAT, Sojojin Runduna ta Biyu, wand da farko karkashin umarnin Oueddei sannan a karkashin na Habré, suka balle daga FROLINAT suka zama Kwamandan Kwamandan Sojojin Arewa (CCFAN) . A shekarar 1976 Oueddei da Habré sun yi rikici kuma Habré ya raba sabbin Sojojin sa na Arewa ( <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Forces Armées du Nord</i></nowiki> ko FAN) daga mabiyan Goukouni waɗanda suka karɓi sunan Sojojin Mutane ( ''Forces Armées Populaires'' ko FAP). Dukansu FAP da FAN sun yi aiki a cikin arewacin arewacin Chadi, suna masu samar da mayaƙansu daga mutane makiyaya 'yan ƙabilar Toubou. == Tashen Iko == == Mulki == == Siyasa == == Manzarta == * [http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=bs&case=144&k=5e Belgium v.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804154204/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=bs&case=144&k=5e |date=2016-08-04 }} [http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=bs&case=144&k=5e Halin Senegal Hissene Habre na 19 Fabrairu 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804154204/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=bs&case=144&k=5e |date=2016-08-04 }} * [http://hrw.org/justice/habre/ Shari'ar da aka yiwa Hissène Habré, "Pinochet ta Afirka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124151137/http://www.hrw.org/justice/habre/ |date=2010-11-24 }}, Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama . * [http://www.democracynow.org/2016/5/31/from_us_ally_to_convicted_war Daga Kawancen Amurka zuwa Yanke Hukumcin Laifin Yaki: A Cikin Dangantakar Kusa da Hissène Habré ga Chad Reagan Admin] . ''Dimokiradiyya Yanzu!'' 31 Mayu 2016. [[Category:Mutanen Afirka]] [[Category:Mutanen Cadi]] iqi3uy69ltypviapqosyqqz9xno2fon 4 21908 840593 840341 2026-05-27T21:26:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 840593 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:SupportiveAnt043|SupportiveAnt043]] |[[Special:Contributions/SupportiveAnt043|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Yakubu Yakubu|Yakubu Yakubu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yakubu Yakubu|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Alisar.888|Alisar.888]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alisar.888|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Kolpaak|Kolpaak]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kolpaak|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Varivalge|Varivalge]] |[[Special:Contributions/Varivalge|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:90nikos|90nikos]] |[[Special:Contributions/90nikos|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Daydream moon|Daydream moon]] |[[Special:Contributions/Daydream moon|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:IcedEarthMinistries|IcedEarthMinistries]] |[[Special:Contributions/IcedEarthMinistries|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:PaganTerror|PaganTerror]] |[[Special:Contributions/PaganTerror|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Sp Gamawa|Sp Gamawa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sp Gamawa|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Merriman88|Merriman88]] |[[Special:Contributions/Merriman88|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu|Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Mitrovica02|Mitrovica02]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mitrovica02|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Surajr7|Surajr7]] |[[Special:Contributions/Surajr7|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Vanmacdonald|Vanmacdonald]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vanmacdonald|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Mvanrenssen|Mvanrenssen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mvanrenssen|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |17 |[[User:MOHAMMED I MUSTAPHA|MOHAMMED I MUSTAPHA]] |[[Special:Contributions/MOHAMMED I MUSTAPHA|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 27 ga Mayu 2026 |- |} 4qq3ch63nhdlzoxkah2w7jb7sn5bnlh 0 22446 840619 566677 2026-05-27T23:44:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Khadija Ryadi''' ( {{Lang-ar|خديجة الرياضي}} ; an haife ta a shekara ta 1960 a Taroudant ) [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam]] ce ta ƙasar Maroko, 'yar gwagwarmayar mata kuma tsohuwar shugaban Kungiyar Maroko ta 'Yancin Dan Adam (AMDH). A watan Disamban shekara ta 2013, ta sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a fannin Hakkin Dan-Adam.<ref name=AJLM>{{cite news|title=Une femme à la tête de l'AMDH|url=http://www.maghress.com/fr/aujourdhui/54279|accessdate=8 December 2013|newspaper=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|date=8 May 2007|author=M'Hamed Hamrouch|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212095333/http://www.maghress.com/fr/aujourdhui/54279|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.lakome.com/index.php/breves/761-ahmed-el-haij-nouveau-president-de-l-amdh |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201193152/https://fr.lakome.com/index.php/breves/761-ahmed-el-haij-nouveau-president-de-l-amdh |archive-date=2014-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=jaf>{{cite news|title=Nouvelle présidente de l'Association marocaine des droits de l'homme|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/LIN13057khadiidayra0/|accessdate=8 December 2013|newspaper=Jeune Afrique|date=15 May 2007}}</ref><ref name=jaf/><ref>{{cite news|title=Et de deux !|url=http://www.maghress.com/fr/marochebdo/74406|accessdate=8 December 2013|newspaper=Maroc hebdo|date=11 May 2007|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212095534/http://www.maghress.com/fr/marochebdo/74406|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ryadi ta kammala karatun sa a matsayin injiniyan lissafi kuma tayi aiki a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi. Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar siyasa ta Annahj Addimocrati. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ali Lmrabet * Aboubakr Jamaï * Abdellatif Zeroual * Ali Anouzla == Manazarta ==  {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Rajin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3iecxxyha0awrwoxofqc60ejtw3np14 0 23909 841411 278298 2026-05-28T10:21:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyyar''' Yankin Ƙasar Sin (turanci '''Chinese Academy' of Geological Science CAGS''') wata cibiya ce da ke gudanar da binciken yanayin ƙasa [[Sin|a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] . An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1956 kuma an sake tsara ta a shekara ta 1999. Gudanarwa yana ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar ƙasa da albarkatun PRC.<ref name="cags">{{cite web |url=http://en.cags.ac.cn/AboutCAGS/BriefIntroduction/8445.htm |title=Brief Introduction |work=Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences |access-date=2015-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912013804/http://en.cags.ac.cn/AboutCAGS/BriefIntroduction/8445.htm |archive-date=2015-09-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike == Kwalejin ta ƙunshi ɓangarorin bincike da suka shafi nazarin ƙasa da taswira.<ref name="cags"/> Hakanan yana aiki a cikin bincike akan ilmin ɓurɓushin halittu, kuma yana da hannu wajen gano sabbin dabbobin Jegare, gami da ''Zhenyuanlong'', ''Xixiasaurus'', da sabon nau'in Tyrannosaur ''Qianzhousaurus'' . haka ma sauran dabbobi irin su ''Castorocauda'' da ''Rugosodon''.<ref>{{Citation| last1 = Gill | first1 = Victoria| title = Dinosaur find: Velociraptor ancestor was 'winged dragon'| newspaper = BBC News| date = 16 July 2015| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33510288| accessdate = 18 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Junchang Lü |author2=Li Xu |author3=Yongqing Liu |author4=Xingliao Zhang |author5=Songhai Jia |author6=Qiang Ji |year= 2010 |title= A new troodontid (Theropoda: Troodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous of central China, and the radiation of Asian troodontids. |journal= Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=381–388 |doi= 10.4202/app.2009.0047 |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app55/app20090047.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27296357 |title=New Tyrannosaur named 'Pinocchio rex'|author= James Morgan|publisher= BBC |date=7 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/02/060224195600.htm |title=Scientists Discover First Swimming Mammal From The Jurassic|date=February 24, 2006 |work=Science Daily }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=An Ancient Mammal Paves the Way for Modern Rodents|work=TIME|date=16 August 2013|author=Veronique Greenwood|url=http://science.time.com/2013/08/16/an-ancient-mammal-paves-the-way-for-modern-rodents/}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa == Wadannan cibiyoyi masu alaƙa suna da alaƙa da Kwalejin Kimiyyar Ƙasa ta China: * Cibiyar Hydrogeology and Geology Geology (IHEG), CAGS, China * Cibiyar nazarin yanayin ƙasa da binciken ƙasa * Cibiyar Geomechanics, CAGS, China * Cibiyar Geology, CAGS, China * Cibiyar Albarkatun Ma'adinai (IMR), CAGS, China * Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa ta Geoanalysis * Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (TIGMR), CAGS, China * Cibiyar Karst Geology, CAGS * Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kasar Sin * Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Duniya - ''a halin yanzu tana da hedikwata a nan'' . == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [http://en.cags.ac.cn/index.htm Shafin yanar gizo na Kwalejin Ilimin Kimiyyar Halittu na China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815075041/http://en.cags.ac.cn/index.htm |date=2021-08-15 }} - {{In lang|en}} [[Category:Sin]] t7fvi3dvl4ife2h76zlaliv0yzurohj 0 26607 840499 725161 2026-05-27T17:07:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:CDC video about clinical trials and vaccines during COVID-19.ogv|thumb|Allon bayani game da korona]] '''Bayar da labarai game da cutar ta COVID-19 ta''' bambanta ta ƙasa, lokaci da kafofin watsa labarai. Kafofin yada labarai a lokaci guda sun ci gaba da sanar da masu kallo game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu da suka shafi cutar, kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga rashin fahimta ko labarai na karya . == Matsayi da yanayin ɗaukar hoto == A cikin Janairu 2020, cikakken watan farko da aka san barkewar cutar, ''Time ya'' rubuta labarai na Turanci 41,000 da ke ɗauke da kalmar "coronavirus", wanda 19,000 suka sanya shi cikin kanun labarai. An kwatanta wannan da cutar Ebola ta Kivu, wacce ke da labarai 1,800 da kanun labarai 700 a watan Agustan 2018. Paul Levinson, wani mai bincike a fannin sadarwa da nazarin kafofin watsa labaru, ya danganta wannan babban bambance-bambance ga koma bayan da aka dauka kan barkewar cutar Ebola a shekarar 2014, tare da damuwa game da sanya ido kan yadda kasar Sin ke yada labaran.<ref>{{cite news|title=How News Coverage of Coronavirus in 2020 Compares to Ebola in 2018|url=https://time.com/5779872/coronavirus-ebola-news-coverage|access-date=19 March 2020|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=7 February 2020|language=en|archive-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409093731/https://time.com/5779872/coronavirus-ebola-news-coverage|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Recode'' ya ruwaito a 17 Maris cewa, daga 3,000 high-traffic labarai sites, a kusa da 1 bisa dari na buga articles suna da alaka da cuta, amma waɗanda articles janye a kusa da 13 bisa dari na duka ra'ayoyi, tare da subtopics kamar [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|zamantakewa distancing]], flattening da kwana da kuma keɓe kai kasancewa sananne musamman. Jimlar adadin labarin da kansa ya yi sama da kashi 30 cikin ɗari a tsakiyar Maris 2020 idan aka kwatanta da tsakiyar Maris 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Molla|first1=Rani|title=It's not just you. Everybody is reading the news more because of coronavirus.|url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/3/17/21182770/news-consumption-coronavirus-traffic-views|access-date=15 April 2020|work=[[Recode]]|agency=[[Vox Media]]|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Wani bincike na kusan kanun labarai 141,000 na Turanci da ke da alaƙa da Coronavirus daga Janairu 15, 2020 zuwa Yuni 3, 2020 ya gano cewa kashi 52% na kanun labarai sun kori ra'ayi mara kyau yayin da kashi 30% kawai ke haifar da kyawawan halaye.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aslam|title=Sentiments and emotions evoked by news headlines of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak|issn=2662-9992|s2cid=220398688|doi=10.1057/s41599-020-0523-3|pages=1–9|issue=1|volume=7|language=en|journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|date=2020-07-08|first1=Faheem|first5=Mahwish|last5=Parveen|first4=Aisha|last4=Kashif|first3=Jabir Hussain|last3=Syed|first2=Tahir Mumtaz|last2=Awan|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mawallafa sun nuna cewa kanun labarai suna ba da gudummawa ga tsoro da rashin tabbas wanda ke da mummunan sakamako na lafiya da tattalin arziki. Wani binciken ya gano cewa bidiyon labarai na kan layi ba su nuna dabarun magancewa da halayen lafiya ba kamar yadda za su iya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Basch|date=August 2020|pmc=7229940|doi=10.1016/j.idh.2020.05.001|pages=205–209|issue=3|volume=25|language=en|journal=Infection, Disease & Health|url=|title=News coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic: Missed opportunities to promote health sustaining behaviors|first6=Nasia|first1=Corey H.|last6=Quinones|first5=Alison|last5=Cosgrove|first4=Jan|last4=Mohlman|first3=Zoe Meleo-|last3=Erwin|first2=Grace Clarke|last2=Hillyer|pmid=32426559}}</ref> Wasu kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa ɗaukar labarai ya haifar da siyasantar da cutar ta<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abbas|first=Ali Haif|date=2020-07-03|title=Politicizing the Pandemic: A Schemata Analysis of COVID-19 News in Two Selected Newspapers|url=|journal=International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique|pages=1–20|language=en|doi=10.1007/s11196-020-09745-2|issn=0952-8059|pmc=7332744|pmid=33214736}}</ref> kuma an ba da labarin sosai.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hart|journal=Science Communication|issn=1075-5470|doi=10.1177/1075547020950735|pages=679–697|issue=5|volume=42|language=en|url=|first1=P. Sol|title=Politicization and Polarization in COVID-19 News Coverage|date=October 2020|first3=Stuart|last3=Soroka|first2=Sedona|last2=Chinn|pmc=7447862}}</ref> Takarda a watan Nuwamba 2020 daga Ofishin Bincike na Tattalin Arziƙi na Ƙasa mai taken "Me yasa Duk Labaran COVID-19 Yake Mugun Labari?" ya gano cewa kashi 91% na labaran da manyan kafafen yada labarai na Amurka suka yi game da COVID-19 suna da sauti mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da kashi 54% na manyan kafofin watsa labarai a wajen Amurka da kashi 65% na mujallun kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sacerdote|first1=Bruce|last2=Sehgal|first2=Ranjan|last3=Cook|first3=Molly|date=2020-11-23|title=Why Is All COVID-19 News Bad News?|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w28110|journal=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]]|doi=10.3386/w28110|s2cid=229469159|language=en}}</ref> Batutuwa tare da bayanan karya da labaran karya sun haifar da haɓaka CoVerifi, dandamali wanda ke da yuwuwar taimakawa wajen magance COVID-19 "lalata".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kolluri|first1=Nikhil L.|last2=Murthy|first2=Dhiraj|date=March 2021|title=CoVerifi: A COVID-19 news verification system|url=|journal=Online Social Networks and Media|language=en|volume=22|pages=100123|doi=10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100123|pmc=7825993|pmid=33521412}}</ref> An yi iƙirarin cewa tsawaita da tsawaita ɗaukar cutar na iya ba da gudummawa ga gajiyawar bayanan COVID-19, yana sa ya fi wahalar sadarwa sabbin bayanai.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Skulmowski|first1=Alexander|last2=Standl|first2=Bernhard|title=COVID-19 information fatigue? A case study of a German university website during two waves of the pandemic|journal=Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies|year=2021|volume=n/a|issue=n/a|doi=10.1002/hbe2.260|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ba daidai ba ==   Adadin kantuna da hukumomin da ke rufe cutar ta COVID-19 tabbas za su kasance tushen rashin fahimta da rudani da ke da alaƙa da yada bayanan ƙwayoyin cuta da manufofin ƙasa da na jihohi. Dokta Sylvie Briand, Darakta na Sashen Shirye-shiryen Hatsari na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Duniya na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]], ya ambata cewa daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka shafi kalubalen sadarwa shine rawar da kafofin watsa labarun ke takawa. Briand ya bayyana cewa hukumar ta WHO a hankali tana sa ido kan cutar sankara ta coronavirus a kafafen sada zumunta ta hanyar amfani da bayanan sirri.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|date=2020-01-02|title=A Voice from the frontline: the role of risk communication in managing the COVID-19 Infodemic and engaging communities in pandemic response|journal=Journal of Communication in Healthcare|volume=13|issue=1|pages=6–9|doi=10.1080/17538068.2020.1758427|issn=1753-8068|doi-access=free|s2cid=221054943}}</ref> A cewar Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew, mashahuran hanyoyin samun labarai ga manya a Amurka sun haɗa da gidajen yanar gizon labarai da kafofin watsa labarun.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jurkowitz|first1=Mark|last2=Mitchell|first2=Amy|last3=Shearer|first3=Elisa|last4=Walker|first4=Mason|title=U.S. Media Polarization and the 2020 Election: A Nation Divided|url=https://www.journalism.org/2020/01/24/u-s-media-polarization-and-the-2020-election-a-nation-divided/|website=Pew Research Center's Journalism Project|date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> Har ila yau, an rubuta Twitter a matsayin mafi yawan masu amfani da labaran da aka mayar da hankali a tsakanin sauran kafofin watsa labarun<ref>{{cite arxiv|title=COVID-19 on social media: analyzing misinformation in Twitter conversations|eprint=2003.12309|last1=Sharma|first1=Karishma|last2=Seo|first2=Sungyong|last3=Meng|first3=Chuizheng|last4=Rambhatla|first4=Sirisha|last5=Liu|first5=Yan|year=2020|class=cs.SI}}</ref> ƙwararriyar Romanian Sofia Bratu<ref>{{cite arxiv|title=COVID-19 on social media: analyzing misinformation in Twitter conversations|eprint=2003.12309|last1=Sharma|first1=Karishma|last2=Seo|first2=Sungyong|last3=Meng|first3=Chuizheng|last4=Rambhatla|first4=Sirisha|last5=Liu|first5=Yan|year=2020|class=cs.SI}}</ref> gudanar da wani bincike wanda ya yi la'akari da ra'ayin mutane game da tushen labaran karya ta hanyar binciken kusan 5000 'yan Amurka da kuma nazarin bayanai daga The Economist, Gallup, Pew Research Center, YouGov, a tsakanin sauran sanannun kungiyoyin bincike. Masana sun ba da shawarar cewa rashin fahimta shine laifi don haɓaka halayen danniya, raguwar lafiyar jiki da ta hankali da ke da alaƙa da damuwa, da ƙarin nauyi akan wuraren kiwon lafiya tare da marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da alamun bayyanar da gaske ko kuma suna nuna alamun cutar a matsayin mummunan sakamako ga magunguna da jiyya na ƙarya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Garfin|volume=39|issn=1930-7810|s2cid=214629743|pmid=32202824|doi=10.1037/hea0000875|pages=355–357|issue=5|journal=Health Psychology|first1=Dana Rose|url=|title=The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure.|date=May 2020|first3=E. Alison|last3=Holman|first2=Roxane Cohen|last2=Silver|pmc=7735659}}</ref> Koyaya, Brafu <ref name=":1" /> ya ambaci cewa tambayoyin da aka yi ta talabijin tare da waɗanda suka tsira daga COVID-19 na iya taimakawa a zahiri don rage damuwa, firgita, da tsoron mutuwa. Wasu suna jayayya cewa ɗakunan labarai yakamata su taka rawa wajen tace bayanan da ba daidai ba kafin 'ba shi oxygen'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Role Should Newsrooms Play in Debunking COVID-19 Misinformation?|url=https://niemanreports.org/articles/what-role-should-newsrooms-play-in-debunking-covid-19-misinformation/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Nieman Reports}}</ref> Duk da yake ba duk labaran karya ne ke jefa lafiya da amincin mutane cikin haɗari ba, bayanan da ke da alaƙa da COVID-19 na iya. Rahoton Niemen ya nuna cewa ya kamata gidajen labarai su yi aiki tare don isar da saƙon da ke da alaƙa da bayanan karya da rashin inganci ta hanyar zabar kanun labarai, kalmomi, da hotuna a hankali.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} Misali na labaran karya da ke da alaƙa da cutar ta COVID-19 shine cewa ana iya yada kwayar cutar ta hanyar 5G .<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ahmed|url=https://www.jmir.org/2020/5/e19458/|pmc=7205032|doi=10.2196/19458|pages=e19458|issue=5|volume=22|language=en|journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research|title=COVID-19 and the 5G Conspiracy Theory: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Data|first1=Wasim|date=2020|first4=Francesc López|last4=Seguí|first3=Joseph|last3=Downing|first2=Josep|last2=Vidal-Alaball|pmid=32352383}}</ref> Wani kuma, cewa shugabannin gwamnati ne suka kirkiri kwayar cutar da hannu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last1=Mian|first1=Areeb|last2=Khan|first2=Shujhat|date=2020-03-18|title=Coronavirus: the spread of misinformation|url=|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=89|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01556-3|issn=1741-7015|pmc=7081539|pmid=32188445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15|title=COVID: No, Coronavirus Wasn't Created in a Laboratory. Genetics Shows Why.|url=https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/09/15/covid-no-coronavirus-wasnt-created-laboratory-genetics-shows-why-15029|access-date=2020-10-23|website=American Council on Science and Health|language=en}}</ref> ko kuma cinye sinadarin chlorine zai magance ko hana cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reimann|first=Nicholas|title=Some Americans Are Tragically Still Drinking Bleach As A Coronavirus 'Cure'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2020/08/24/some-americans-are-tragically-still-drinking-bleach-as-a-coronavirus-cure/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> Sauran bayanan da ba a sani ba sun haɗa da cewa Vitamin C da tafarnuwa na iya magance cutar duk da cewa wannan ikirari ba a taɓa tabbatar da shi daga masana kiwon lafiya ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Bayanan da ba daidai ba ya kuma haifar da nuna wariyar launin fata da nuna kyama ga mutanen Sinawa ta hanyar yin la'akari da cutar a matsayin "cutar Sinawa"<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wen|journal=Anatolia|issn=1303-2917|s2cid=213455169|doi=10.1080/13032917.2020.1730621|pages=331–336|issue=2|volume=31|language=en|title=Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China|first1=Jun|date=2020-02-16|first4=Tianyu|last4=Ying|first3=Xinyi|last3=Liu|first2=Joshua|last2=Aston|doi-access=free}}</ref> ko "Cutar Wuhan" ko "Cutar China".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wen|journal=Anatolia|issn=1303-2917|s2cid=213455169|doi=10.1080/13032917.2020.1730621|pages=331–336|issue=2|volume=31|language=en|title=Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China|first1=Jun|date=2020-02-16|first4=Tianyu|last4=Ying|first3=Xinyi|last3=Liu|first2=Joshua|last2=Aston|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sakamakon wannan rashin fahimta da yawa shafukan yanar gizo na bincikar gaskiya sun bayyana waɗanda ke amfani da bayanai daga CDC da WHO don ɓoye bayanan gama gari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Fact Check|url=http://www.covid19factcheck.com/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=COVID-19 Fact Check|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027052933/https://covid19factcheck.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Archives|url=https://www.factcheck.org/issue/covid-19/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=FactCheck.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PolitiFact {{!}} Coronavirus|url=https://www.politifact.com/coronavirus/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.politifact.com}}</ref> == Ta ƙasa == === Kanada === An tabbatar da shari'ar farko ta COVID-19, kamar yadda Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kanada ta ruwaito, ta kasance ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2020 a cikin wani mutumin Toronto wanda ya yi tafiya kwanan nan zuwa Wuhan, China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: A Canadian timeline {{!}} Canadian Healthcare Network|url=https://www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/covid-19-a-canadian-timeline|access-date=2020-10-23|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316112651/https://www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/covid-19-a-canadian-timeline|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanar da shari'ar farko a shafin Twitter na Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Toronto.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Glauser|first=Wendy|date=2020-02-18|title=Communication, transparency key as Canada faces new coronavirus threat|journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal|language=en|volume=192|issue=7|pages=E171–E172|doi=10.1503/cmaj.1095846|issn=0820-3946|pmc=7030882|pmid=32071113}}</ref> === China === Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta sha suka sosai kan yadda ta ke tantance girman barkewar cutar. Nan da nan bayan keɓewar farko na Wuhan da biranen da ke kusa, da farko kafofin watsa labaru na kasar Sin kamar jaridar ''People's Daily'' sun ƙarfafa shafukan sada zumunta na neman taimako tsakanin 'yan ƙasa a kan dandamali irin su Weibo.<ref>{{cite news|title=How the Coronavirus Outbreak Played out on China's Social Media|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/how-the-coronavirus-outbreak-played-out-on-chinas-social-media|access-date=19 March 2020|work=[[The Diplomat]]|date=31 January 2020}}</ref> Bayan haka, 'yan jarida da yawa sun buga bayanan binciken da suka saba wa maganganun hukuma da kafofin yada labarai, wanda ke nuna cewa adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a Wuhan ya fi yadda aka ruwaito.<ref>{{cite news|title=Critics Say China Has Suppressed And Censored Information In Coronavirus Outbreak|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/08/803766743/critics-say-china-has-suppressed-and-censored-information-in-coronavirus-outbrea|access-date=19 March 2020|work=[[NPR]]|date=8 February 2020|language=en}}</ref> === Jamus === An gano shari'o'in farko na COVID-19 a Jamus a cikin Janairu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Germany: coronavirus cases change|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1100823/coronavirus-cases-development-germany/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> Takaddama ta barke kan labarin Janairu 2021 wanda jaridar Jamus ''Handelsblatt ta buga.<ref>{{Citation|title=Handelsblatt|date=2021-01-29|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handelsblatt&oldid=1003618919|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref>'' Labarin ya bayyana cewa allurar AstraZeneca ba ta da tasiri ga tsofaffi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Einen Moment bitte, die Ausgabe wird geladen...|url=https://epaper.handelsblatt.com/?ticket=ST-1337663-7fYeF3Jb7GhJKp7Y79Iy-ap4|access-date=2021-02-19|website=epaper.handelsblatt.com}}</ref> amma da yawa sun amsa cewa jaridar ta ba da bayanan da ba daidai ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boytchev|first=Hristio|date=2021-02-12|title=Why did a German newspaper insist the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine was inefficacious for older people—without evidence?|journal=BMJ|volume=372|language=en|pages=n414|doi=10.1136/bmj.n414|pmid=33579678|issn=1756-1833|doi-access=free}}</ref> === Sweden === An gano shari'ar farko ta COVID-19 a Sweden a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sweden: COVID-19 reports 2020|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1110870/number-of-media-reports-about-the-coronavirus-in-sweden/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> Mafi yawan ɗaukar hoto na Sweden ya faru ne a farkon Maris.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sweden: COVID-19 reports 2020|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1110870/number-of-media-reports-about-the-coronavirus-in-sweden/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> Sweden ta sami kulawar kafofin watsa labaru da yawa saboda an yi la'akari da ita tana amfani da nata shirin, 'Swedish Model' na garken garken garken garken. Bincike ya duba yanayin watsa labarai da kuma yadda kafafen yada labarai suka rufe manufofin Sweden. Rachel Irwin, wata mai bincike daga Sweden, ta gano cewa akwai manyan jigogi guda shida: “(1) Rayuwa ta zama al’ada a Sweden, (2) Sweden tana da dabarun rigakafin garken shanu. rashin bin shawarwarin WHO (5) tsarin Sweden yana kasawa kuma (6) 'Yan Sweden sun amince da gwamnati." <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Irwin|first=Rachel Elisabeth|date=December 2020|title=Misinformation and de-contextualization: international media reporting on Sweden and COVID-19|url=|journal=Globalization and Health|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=62|doi=10.1186/s12992-020-00588-x|issn=1744-8603|pmc=7356107|pmid=32660503}}</ref> Ta yi tsokaci cewa ba dukkanin bayanan ba a tsara su daidai ba. Ta rubuta wasiƙa zuwa Jaridar Likita ta Biritaniya tana mai cewa ɗaukar hoto ya nuna kuskuren manufofin COVID-19 a Sweden kuma ba ta da shirin "kariyar garken garken".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Irwin|first=Rachel E|date=2020-08-03|title=Misleading media coverage of Sweden's response to covid-19|journal=BMJ|volume=370|language=en|pages=m3031|doi=10.1136/bmj.m3031|pmid=32747388|issn=1756-1833|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani labarin ya nuna cewa kamar yadda wasu ƙasashe suka fito da manufofi daban-daban tsarin manufofin Sweden ya tafi daga "ƙarfin hali zuwa pariah".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simons|first=Greg|date=2020-11-12|title=Swedish Government and Country Image during the International Media Coverage of the Coronavirus Pandemic Strategy: From Bold to Pariah|journal=Journalism and Media|language=en|volume=1|issue=1|pages=41–58|doi=10.3390/journalmedia1010004|issn=2673-5172|doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ƙasar Ingila === An tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Burtaniya, kamar yadda GOV ta ruwaito. UK, Janairu 30, 2020. A cikin bayar da rahoto game da barkewar cutar, jaridun tabloid na Biritaniya irin su ''The Sun'' da ''Daily Mail sun'' yi amfani da yaren da aka kwatanta da "mai jawo tsoro".<ref>{{cite news|last=Wahl-Jorgensen|first=Karin|title=Coronavirus: how media coverage of epidemics often stokes fear and panic|url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-how-media-coverage-of-epidemics-often-stokes-fear-and-panic-131844|access-date=22 March 2020|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|date=14 February 2020}}</ref> A cewar Edelman 's Trust Barometer, 'yan jarida sun kasance mafi ƙarancin amintaccen tushen bayanai game da cutar ta Burtaniya, tare da kashi 43 cikin 100 na waɗanda aka bincikar sun amince da su don ba da rahoton gaskiya, a bayan jami'an gwamnati (48%) kuma "wanda ya fi shafa. kasashe" (46%). Wannan ya kasance duk da kafofin watsa labarai na al'ada sune tushen tushen bayanai game da barkewar cutar a Burtaniya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tobitt|first1=Charlotte|title=Coronavirus: Public distrust journalists despite relying on news media for daily updates, survey shows|url=https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/coronavirus-public-distrust-journalists-despite-relying-on-news-media-for-daily-updates-survey-shows|access-date=22 March 2020|work=[[Press Gazette]]|date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 2020 tare da haɗin gwiwar [[Jami'ar Oxford]] ya nuna cewa jama'ar Burtaniya suna nuna raguwar amincewa ga gwamnati a matsayin tushen bayanai. Kashi 48% ne kawai suka kimanta gwamnati amintacce, wanda ya ragu daga kashi 67% makonni shida da suka gabata. Haka kuma, kashi 38% na mutane suna bayyana cewa sun damu da karya ko yaudarar bayanan coronavirus daga gwamnati, adadi wanda ya kasance kashi 27% kawai makonni shida da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fletcher|first1=Richard|last2=Kalogeropoulos|first2=Antonis|last3=Nielsen|first3=Rasmus Kleis|date=2020-06-01|title=Trust in UK Government and News Media COVID-19 Information Down, Concerns Over Misinformation from Government and Politicians Up|language=en|location=Rochester, NY|ssrn=3633002}}</ref> === Amurka === Shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a Amurka, kamar yadda CDC ta ruwaito, ya kasance Janairu 22, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Calgary|first=Open|title=United States COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by State over Time {{!}} Data {{!}} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url=https://data.cdc.gov/Case-Surveillance/United-States-COVID-19-Cases-and-Deaths-by-State-o/9mfq-cb36|access-date=2020-10-23|website=data.cdc.gov|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024145422/https://data.cdc.gov/Case-Surveillance/United-States-COVID-19-Cases-and-Deaths-by-State-o/9mfq-cb36|url-status=dead}}</ref> Labaran labarai a Amurka sun fi na sauran ƙasashe,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Steve|title=U.S. media is far more pessimistic in covering the coronavirus pandemic than anyone else|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/when-it-comes-to-coronavirus-u-s-media-coverage-is-far-more-negative-than-elsewhere-university-researchers-conclude-11606156163|access-date=2021-02-26|website=MarketWatch|language=en-US}}</ref> amma kuma ya taimaka haɓaka halayen aminci gami da nisantar da jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jiang|date=2021-01-13|issn=1041-0236|pmid=33438450|doi=10.1080/10410236.2020.1868064|pages=1–10|language=en|journal=Health Communication|title=News Attention and Social-Distancing Behavior Amid COVID-19: How Media Trust and Social Norms Moderate a Mediated Relationship|first5=Markus|first1=Xiaoya|last5=Brauer|first4=Shreenita|last4=Ghosh|first3=Dhavan V.|last3=Shah|first2=Juwon|last2=Hwang|doi-access=free}}</ref> Labaran cikin gida sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sanar da al'umma ciki har da yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|language=en|pmc=7486744|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.2009384117|pages=22009–22014|issue=36|volume=117|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|first1=Eunji|title=The effect of big-city news on rural America during the COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-09-08|first3=Joshua D.|last3=Clinton|first2=Michael E.|last2=Shepherd|pmid=32820075}}</ref> An yaba wa wasu 'yan jarida a Amurka saboda labarin da suka yi game da cutar ta COVID-19 da suka hada da Ed Yong da Helen Branswell . Daga cikin malaman kafafen yada labarai, an yaba da abubuwa da yawa na kokarin da ‘yan jarida ke yi don daidaitawa da cutar da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai ga masu sauraronsu, amma an soki wasu. Rubutu don ''The Atlantic'', Ed Yong ya lura cewa, yayin da barkewar cutar ta bulla, "ya jawo sabon salo, 'yan jarida sun ba da iskar oxygen don hana zanga-zangar hana kulle-kullen yayin da yawancin Amurkawa suka yi shiru a gida". Ya kuma yi kuskuren cewa "sun rubuta duk wani ƙarin da'awar kimiyya, har ma waɗanda ba a tabbatar da su ba ko kuma an sake duba takwarorinsu."<ref name="Yong Atlantic why failed2">{{cite news|last1=Yong|first1=Ed|title=How the Pandemic Defeated America|work=The Atlantic|issue=September 2020|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/09/coronavirus-american-failure/614191/|access-date=2 September 2020}}</ref> Da farko dai Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zargi kafafen yada labarai irin su [[CNN]] da “yin duk abin da za su iya don sanya tsoro a cikin mutane”, sanarwar da mukaddashin shugaban ma’aikatan fadar White House Mick Mulvaney ya yi .<ref>{{cite news|last1=Karni|first1=Annie|title=Trump Criticizes Media for Coverage of Coronavirus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/28/us/politics/cpac-coronavirus.html|access-date=19 March 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 February 2020}}</ref> Inda mutane ke samun labaransu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halayen mutane da halayen da suka shafi COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-01|title=Cable TV and Coronavirus: How Americans perceive the outbreak and view media coverage differ by main news source|url=https://www.journalism.org/2020/04/01/cable-tv-and-covid-19-how-americans-perceive-the-outbreak-and-view-media-coverage-differ-by-main-news-source/|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Pew Research Center's Journalism Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Wani binciken Axios, wanda aka gudanar daga 5 ga Maris 2020 zuwa 9 ga Maris, ya gano cewa kashi 62% na magoya bayan Republican sun yi imanin cewa an yi karin gishiri game da barkewar cutar ta kafofin watsa labarai, idan aka kwatanta da 31% na magoya bayan Demokradiyya da 35% na masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Republicans are twice as likely as Democrats to view coronavirus coverage as exaggerated|url=https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-poll-republicans-democrats-news-coverage-e092414b-b1ca-40ad-9293-eeb322b2fb3e.html|publisher=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|access-date=22 March 2020|date=10 March 2020|archive-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409094756/https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-poll-republicans-democrats-news-coverage-e092414b-b1ca-40ad-9293-eeb322b2fb3e.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani binciken Pew Research da aka gudanar daga 20 ga Afrilu zuwa 26 ga Afrilu ya gano cewa kashi 69% na masu amsa Amurka sun yi imanin cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun rufe barkewar cutar "da kyau" ko "da ɗan kyau" kuma adadin masu ba da amsa na Amurka waɗanda suka yi imani cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun wuce gona da iri na COVID -Haɗari 19 sun ɗan ragu kaɗan.<ref name=":32">{{Cite news|last1=Jurkowitz|first1=Mark|last2=Mitchell|first2=Amy|date=2020-05-06|title=Fewer Americans now say media exaggerated COVID-19 risks, but big partisan gaps persist|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.journalism.org/2020/05/06/fewer-americans-now-say-media-exaggerated-covid-19-risks-but-big-partisan-gaps-persist/#public-overall-says-media-have-done-well-covering-the-crisis-but-differences-by-party-and-ideology-are-pronounced|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-31}}</ref> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 68% na magoya bayan Republican sun yi imanin cewa kafofin yada labarai sun yi karin gishiri game da hadarin COVID-19, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 48% na dukkan manya na Amurka da kashi 30% na magoya bayan Demokradiyya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last1=Jurkowitz|first1=Mark|last2=Mitchell|first2=Amy|date=2020-05-06|title=Fewer Americans now say media exaggerated COVID-19 risks, but big partisan gaps persist|work=Pew Research Center|url=https://www.journalism.org/2020/05/06/fewer-americans-now-say-media-exaggerated-covid-19-risks-but-big-partisan-gaps-persist/#public-overall-says-media-have-done-well-covering-the-crisis-but-differences-by-party-and-ideology-are-pronounced|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-31}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, ɗaukar cutar ta COVID-19 a cikin Amurka ta kasance mafi muni fiye da na sauran sassan duniya - ba tare da la'akari da ko ana ɗaukar tashar labarai ta karkata zuwa dama ko ta hagu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.3386/w28110|title=Why Is All COVID-19 News Bad News?|authors=Sacerdote B, Sehgal R, Cook M.|date=November 2020|website=NBER Working Paper Series|publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]]|url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28110/w28110.pdf|doi-access=free|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=Steve|title=U.S. media is far more pessimistic in covering the coronavirus pandemic than anyone else|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/when-it-comes-to-coronavirus-u-s-media-coverage-is-far-more-negative-than-elsewhere-university-researchers-conclude-11606156163|work=[[MarketWatch]]|location=New York, NY|date=November 23, 2020|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Colvin|first=Geoff|title=U.S. news coverage of COVID has been more negative than in other countries, researchers find|url=https://fortune.com/2020/11/29/covid-19-news-coverage-us-negative-stories/|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|location=New York City, NY|date=November 29, 2020|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lamparski|first=John|title=Bad News Bias|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/24/briefing/boulder-shooting-george-segal-astrazeneca.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York, NY|date=March 24, 2021|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Altaffer|first=Mary|title=Covid coverage by the U.S. national media is an outlier, a study finds|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/24/world/covid-coverage-by-the-us-national-media-is-an-outlier-a-study-finds.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|location=New York, NY|date=March 24, 2021|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> Masu ba da ra'ayi da baƙi a kan Fox News, kafofin watsa labaru masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, da farko sun yi watsi da barkewar cutar, tare da wasu baƙi suna zargin wasu kafofin watsa labaru da yawa game da cutar saboda dalilai na siyasa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=David|date=13 March 2020|title=Fox News accused of downplaying coronavirus as it moves to protect staff|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/mar/13/fox-news-accused-of-downplaying-coronavirus-as-it-moves-to-protect-staff|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> Trump ya kuma yi amfani da hirarraki da kafar sadarwar don inganta kokarinsa na farko na rage cutar.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Walters|first1=Joanna|last2=Aratani|first2=Lauren|last3=Beaumont|first3=Peter|date=5 March 2020|title=Trump calls WHO's global death rate from coronavirus 'a false number'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/05/trump-coronavirus-who-global-death-rate-false-number|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Devlin|first1=Hannah|last2=Boseley|first2=Sarah|date=13 March 2020|title=Coronavirus facts: is there a cure and what is the mortality rate of the virus?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/coronavirus-facts-is-there-a-cure-and-what-is-the-mortality-rate-of-the-virus|access-date=13 March 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> Wata mai watsa shiri ta Fox Business , Trish Regan, ta yi iƙirarin a wasanta na ''Trish Regan Primetime'' cewa Jam'iyyar Democrat ta ƙirƙiri ɗaukar hoto na COVID-19 da gangan a matsayin "wani ɗabi'a don ƙarfafa sayar da kasuwa", kuma "har yanzu wani yunƙuri ne na tsige shi. shugaban kasa ". Daga baya za a soke shirinta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Grynbaum|first=Michael M.|date=2020-03-14|title=Fox Business Benches Trish Regan After Outcry Over Coronavirus Comments|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/business/media/trish-regan-fox-hiatus.html|access-date=2021-04-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Tucker Carlson da farko ya ɗauki matsayi mafi mahimmanci game da cutar, yana sukar sauran rundunonin da suka kwatanta shi da mura na yanayi na yau da kullun, kuma ya bayyana a ranar 9 ga Maris cewa "mutanen da kuka amince da su - mutanen da wataƙila kuka zaɓa - sun shafe makonni suna rage abin da ke a fili a sarari. matsala mai tsanani."<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|last=Connelly|first=Joel|date=2020-03-18|title=The Fox News switcheroo on COVID-19: A virus no longer downplayed|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/local/politics/article/The-Fox-News-switcheroo-on-COVID-19-A-virus-no-15141351.php|access-date=2020-04-07|website=seattlepi.com}}</ref><ref name=":222">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-16|title=On Fox News, suddenly a very different tune about the coronavirus|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/media/on-fox-news-suddenly-a-very-different-tune-about-the-coronavirus/2020/03/16/7a7637cc-678f-11ea-9923-57073adce27c_story.html|access-date=2020-04-07|work=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gabbatt|first1=Adam|date=17 March 2020|title='We have a responsibility': Fox News declares coronavirus a crisis in abrupt U-turn|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/mar/17/fox-news-coronavirus-outbreak-trump|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref> Daga baya, masanan cibiyar sadarwa sun fara amincewa da ikirarin cewa hydroxychloroquine magani ne mai inganci don alamun COVID-19,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rupar|first=Aaron|date=2020-03-24|title=Fox News's coronavirus coverage slid back off the rails spectacularly on Monday night|language=en|work=Vox|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/3/24/21192222/fox-news-coronavirus-coverage-dan-patrick-drugs|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref> sukar sanya abin rufe fuska don sarrafa yaduwar cutar,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Srikanth|first=Anagha|date=2020-07-08|title=Tucker Carlson wrongly claims coronavirus prevention measures aren't backed by science|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/506456-tucker-carlson-wrongly-claims-coronavirus|access-date=2020-07-10|website=TheHill|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":392">{{Cite news|date=2017-02-19|title=Trump baffles Sweden with crime comment, says it was based on TV report|work=Reuters|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-sweden-idUSKBN15Y0QH|access-date=2017-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gertz|first=Matt|date=2020-07-01|title=How Fox News helped turn masks into another culture war flashpoint|url=https://www.mediamatters.org/coronavirus-covid-19/how-fox-news-helped-turn-masks-another-culture-war-flashpoint|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Media Matters for America|language=en}}</ref> da bayar da ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto ga anti-mai kumburi. - zanga zanga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gertz|first=Matt|date=2020-04-16|title=Fox News is promoting protests against social distancing measures: "God bless them"|url=https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/fox-news-promoting-protests-against-social-distancing-measures-god-bless-them|access-date=2020-04-22|website=Media Matters for America|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fox News Gets Push-Back For Supporting Anti-Shutdown Protests|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/04/22/840717864/fox-news-gets-push-back-for-supporting-anti-shutdown-protests|access-date=2020-04-22|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> Dangane da binciken da Jami'ar Cambridge ta buga a watan Mayu 2020, ɗaukar hoto na hannun dama na COVID-19 ya taimaka sauƙaƙe yaduwar rashin fahimta game da cutar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Motta|journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science|issn=0008-4239|doi=10.1017/S0008423920000396|pages=335–342|issue=2|volume=53|language=en|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-political-science-revue-canadienne-de-science-politique/article/how-rightleaning-media-coverage-of-covid19-facilitated-the-spread-of-misinformation-in-the-early-stages-of-the-pandemic-in-the-us/6B0EB93F6BA17608D82B4D23EDA75E50|first=Matt|title=How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic in the U.S.|date=2020-05-01|first3=Christina|last3=Farhart|first2=Dominik|last2=Stecula|via=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Annobar COVID-19 a social media]] * [[Tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 akan aikin jarida]] * [[Bayanai na Covid-19|Ba da labari mai alaƙa da cutar ta COVID-19]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrijgyxgd88nfqki628b6dexs7p4j0o 0 27346 840483 550514 2026-05-27T15:17:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Jumbled''''' fim ne na soyayya na iyali na 2019 na Najeriya wanda [[Saheed Apanpa]] ya bada umarni. An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin ne a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Da farko an yi wa fim laƙabi da ''Entangled'' amma a farkon shekarar 2019 an yi shi ne don kauce wa amfani da irin wannan take wanda wani mai shirya fim ya yi amfani da shi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Jumbled’ by Bami Gregs Pushes Sensitive Issues|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/20/jumbled-by-bami-gregs-pushes-sensitive-issues/|last=editor|date=2019-04-20|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> Tauraruwar ta fito ne daga Wale Ojo, [[Femi Adebayo]] da [[Lilian Esoro]] a cikin manyan jaruman. An saki fim ɗin a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2019 kuma ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga masu suka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lilian Esoro says it was amazing working with Femi Adebayo on the set of ‘Jumbled’|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-speaks-on-working-with-femi-adebayo-on-jumbled/llb033g|date=2019-04-13|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414123830/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-speaks-on-working-with-femi-adebayo-on-jumbled/llb033g|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Yarinya ƴar shekara 30 da haihuwa wacce ke sanya mata rauni a cikin zuciyarta har sai ta sami cikakken mutumin da ya dace don dangantaka, sai dai ta gano a ƙarshe zai iya zama mafi muni a cikin duk sauran maza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JUMBLED Nollywood Movie Nigeria|url=https://www.finelib.com/events/movies-and-cinemas/jumbled/1255|website=www.finelib.com|access-date=2020-05-03}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Lilian Esoro]] a matsayin Adaeze * Airebamen Irene * [[Beverly Naya]] * [[Femi Adebayo]] * Wale Ojo == Saki == An gabatar da ƴan wasan ƙwaƙƙwaran da ƴan wasan ga manema labarai a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 2019, kwana ɗaya kafin fitowar wasan kwaikwayo na fim ɗin a wani babban nunin fim ɗin wanda aka gudanar a Cinema Silverbird.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Femi Adebayo, Eucharia Anunobi, others star in new movie ‘Jumbled’ - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/325101-femi-adebayo-eucharia-anunobi-others-star-in-new-movie-jumbled.html|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2019-04-12|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|id=tt10417634}} [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] [[Category:Fina-finai]] 87d6y8d5cif8v65b53ibgw73qto0t1h 0 30202 840626 607081 2026-05-28T00:29:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Schematic_overview_on_the_central_role_of_the_Earth_heat_inventory_and_its_linkage_to_anthropogenic_emissions,_the_Earth_energy_imbalance,_change_in_the_Earth_system,_and_implications_for_ecosystems_and_human_systems.png |thumb|Schematic ]] [[Fayil:Operation Crossroads Baker Edit.jpg|thumb|[[Fayil:Starting the charcoal.jpg|thumb|hayaki ya Yanayi samani inyafita]]]] [[File:Methane_global_emissions_from_the_five_broad_categories.png |thumb|Methane global emissions]] '''kididdigar''' ( ko kididdiga masu fitar da hayaki ) lissafin adadin gurbataccen abu ne da aka fitar a cikin yanayi. Kirar kira yawanci tana kunshe da jimillar hayaki daya ko kuma fiye da kayyadaddun iskar gas ko gurbataccen iska, Kuma wanda ya samo asali daga duk nau'ikan tushe a cikin wani yanki na yanki da cikin kayyadadden lokaci, yawanci shekara ta musamman. Gaba daya kididdige kirkira ana siffanta shi da abubuwa masu zuwa: * '''Me yasa''': Nau'in ayyukan da ke haifar da hayaki. * '''Abin da''': Sinadari ko ainihin zahiri na gurbatattun abubuwan da aka hada, da adadinsu. * '''Inda''': Yankin yanki da aka rufe. * '''Lokacin''': Lokacin lokacin da ake kididdige fitar da hayaki. * '''Ta yaya''': Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita. An tattara abubuwan kirkira don aikace-aikacen kimiyya duka da kuma amfani da su a cikin tsarin manufofin. == Amfani == Fitowar hayaki da sakewa ga muhalli sune farkon kowace matsala ta gurbacewar muhalli. Don haka bayani kan hayaki babban bukatu ne wajen fahimtar matsalolin muhalli da kuma lura da ci gaban da ake samu wajen magance wadannan. Kuma Kayayyakin kira suna ba da irin wannan bayanin. An kirkira abubuwan kirkira don dalilai daban-daban: * '''Amfani''' da manufofin: ta masu tsara manufofin zuwa ** bibiyar ci gaban da aka samu zuwa ga makasudin rage fitar da iska ** inganta dabaru da manufofi ko * '''Amfani da Kimiyya''' : Masana kimiyya suna amfani da abubuwan kirkira na abubuwan da ke fitar da iskar dabi'a a matsayin abubuwan shigar da samfuran ingancin iska. === Amfani da manufofin === An bullo da fiye ko žasa nau'ikan tsare-tsaren bayar da rahoton masu zaman kansu: * Rahoton shekara-shekara na jimillar fitar da iskar gas da gurbataccen iska na kasa don amsa wajibai a karkashin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da Kasa; irin wannan nau'in rahoton fitar da hayaki yana da nufin sa ido kan ci gaban da aka amince da shi wajen rage yawan hayaki na kasa; * Rahoto na yau da kullun ta wuraren masana'antu guda daya don amsa wajibai na doka; irin wannan nau'in rahotannin fitar da hayaki an habaka shi ne don tallafawa sa hannun jama'a wajen yanke shawara. <ref>[http://www.unece.org/env/pp/welcome.html UNECE Arhus Convention]</ref> Misalai na farko su ne abubuwan da ake fitar da hayaki na shekara-shekara kamar yadda aka bayar da rahoto ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFCCC) <ref>Greenhouse gas emission inventories can be found at the UNFCCC website at </ref> don iskar gas da kuma Yarjejeniyar UNECE kan gurbatar iska mai nisa mai tsayi (LRTAP) don gurbatar iska. A cikin Amurka, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta kasar Amurka ce ke buga kididdiga ta kasa kowace shekara. Ana kiran wannan kirga “National Emissions Inventory”, kuma ana iya samun shi a nan: [https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-inventory-nei] Misalai na biyu su ne abin da ake kira [[Rijistar mai gurbata da canza wuri na muhalli|Fitar da Rajistar Kira da Canja wurin]] . Masu amfani da manufofin yawanci suna sha'awar jimillar hayakin shekara-shekara kawai.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2017}} === Amfanin kimiyya === Samfuran ingancin iska suna bukatar shigarwa don bayyana duk tushen gurbataccen iska a yankin binciken. Abubuwan da ke fitar da iska suna ba da irin wannan bayanin. Sanna Kuma Dangane da kudurin sararin samaniya da na dan lokaci na kirar, kudurin sararin samaniya da na dan lokaci na abubuwan kirkira akai-akai dole ne a karu fiye da abin da ake samu daga abubuwan kirkira na Kasa kamar yadda aka ruwaito ga yarjejeniyoyin kasa da Kasa. == Tari == Ga kowane dayan gurbataccen abu a cikin abubuwan da ake fitarwa ana kididdige su ta hanyar ninka karfin kowane aikin da ya dace ('kimar aiki') a cikin yanki na yanki da tsawon lokaci tare da karancin dogaro mai kazanta akai-akai (' sabawar fitarwa '). === Me ya sa: tushen nau'ikan === Don tattara kaya mai fitar da hayaki, dole ne a gano da kididdige duk tushen abubuwan da suka gurbata. Sanna Kuma Abubuwan da ake yawan amfani da su akai-akai sune * wadanda Kungiyar Kwararrun ( [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|IPCC]] ) ta bayyana a cikin [http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.htm 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331204022/http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs1.htm |date=2008-03-31 }} [http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/gpgaum.html Gas] [http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html Inventories] kuma mafi kwanan nan [https://web.archive.org/web/20080405110339/http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm 2006 Jagoran IPCC don Kayayyakin Gas na Greenhouse na kasa] * wadanda aka ayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar UNECE kan gurbacewar iska mai iyaka (LRTAP); kwanan nan Yarjejeniyar LRTAP ta amince da rarrabuwar tushe wanda ya yi daidai da na IPCC, don maye gurbin Karin fasahar da aka daidaita daidaitattun Nomenclature for Air Pollutants (SNAP) da aka yi amfani da shi har zuwa shekarata 2005. Dukansu nau'ikan tushe suna bayyani sarai tsakanin hanyoyin da ke da alaka da konewar (burbushin man fetur) da wadanda ba konewa ke haifar da su ba. Kuma A mafi yawan lokuta takamaiman man da aka kone a cikin tsohon ana Kara shi zuwa ma'anar tushe. Rukunin tushen sun hada da: # Makamashi ## Konewar mai ### Konewa a tsaye #### Konewar masana'antu #### dumama wurin zama ### Konewar wayar hannu (transport) ## Fitowar da ake fitarwa daga (burbushin) amfani mai # Hanyoyin Masana'antu # Solvent da sauran amfani da samfur # Noma # LULUCF (Amfani da Kasa, Canjin Amfani da Kasa da Dazuka) # Sharar gida Yawancin masu bincike da ayyukan bincike suna amfani da rarrabuwar tushen tushen kansu, wani lokacin bisa ko dai IPCC ko nau'ikan tushen SNAP, amma a mafi yawan lokuta za a haɗa nau'ikan tushen da aka jera a sama. === Abin da: gurbataccen === An kirkira abubuwan kirkira kuma har yanzu ana habaka su don manyan kungiyoyi biyu na gurbataccen abu: * Gas na Greenhouse : ** Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), ** Methane (CH ₄ ), ** Nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) da ** Yawan Mahadar gaseous masu kyalli (HFCs, PFCs, SF ₆ ) ** Sauran iskar gas, ba a hada su a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi ( UNFCCC ) * Gurbacewar iska : ** Acidifying gurbatawa : sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), nitrogen oxides (NO _x, hade da nitrogen monoxide, NO da nitrogen dioxide, NO ₂ ) da kuma ammonia (NH ₃ ). ** Photochemical smog precursors : sake nitrogen oxides da wadanda ba methane maras tabbas Organic mahadi (NMVOCs) ** Karfafawa da barna masu kima ** Guda masu guba kamar karafa masu nauyi da kuma gurbatattun kwayoyin halitta ** Carbon monoxide (CO) === Inda: kudurin yanki === Yawanci kayan kirkira na kasa suna ba da bayanai da aka takaita a cikin kasa kawai. A wasu lokuta ana samun Karin bayani akan manyan rijiyoyin masana'antu ('spoint source'). Har ila yau, ana kiran tambura maki, shiyasa saboda ba duk hayaki ke fitowa daga tari ba. Sauran hanyoyin masana'antu sun hada da hayaki mai gudu, wadanda ba za a iya danganta su da kowane wurin sakin ba. An tattara wasu kayan kirkira daga kananan hukumomi kamar jihohi da gundumomi (a cikin Amurka), wadanda zasu iya samar da Karin kudurin sararin samaniya. A cikin aikace-aikacen kimiyya, inda ake bukatar kudurin mafi girma, bayanan yanki kamar yawan yawan jama'a, amfani da Kasa ko wasu bayanai na iya samar da kayan aiki don rarraba fitar da matakin kasa zuwa kudurin da ake bukata, Kuma daidai da kudurin yanki na samfurin. === Lokacin: kuduri na dan lokaci === Hakazalika, masana'antun fitar da hayaki na kasa suna samar da jimillar hayaki a cikin wata takamaiman shekara, bisa kididdigar kasa. A wasu aikace-aikacen kirar ana bukatar mafi girman kuduri na dan lokaci, misali lokacin yin kirar matsalolin ingancin iska mai alaka da jigilar hanya. A irin wadannan lokuta ana iya amfani da bayanai akan karfin zirga-zirga masu dogaro da lokaci (awanni gaggawa, sannnan karshen mako da kwanakin aiki, yanayin tuki na lokacin rani da lokacin sanyi, da sauransu) don kafa kudurin dan lokaci mai girma da ake bukata. Abubuwan kirkira da aka hada daga Ci gaba da saka idanu masu sakawa (CEMs) na iya samar da bayanan fitar da hayaki na sa'a. === Ta yaya: dabarar tattara kayan da ake fitarwa === Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ta sabunta bugu na uku na littafin jagora a cikin shekarar 2007. Kwamitin UNECE/EMEP ne ya shirya littafin jagora [http://www.tfeip-secretariat.org/ akan Kayayyakin Kayayyaki da Hasashe] kuma yana ba da cikakken jagora ga hanyoyin kirkira hayaki na yanayi. Musamman don Sufurin Hanya Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai tana ba da kudin COPERT 4, shirin software don kididdige hayaki wanda za a hada shi cikin kayan kirkira na kasa na shekara-shekara. == inganci == Ingancin kayan da ake fitarwa ya dogara da amfani da shi. A cikin aikace-aikacen manufofin, Kuma kididdiga ya kamata ya bi duk abin da aka yanke shawara a karkashin yarjejeniyar da ta dace. Duka UNFCCC da LRTAP yarjejeniya suna bukatar kira don bin ka'idodin ingancin da ke kasa (duba <ref>[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2004/sbsta/08.pdf Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories (following incorporation of the provisions of decision 13/CP.9)]</ref> ): {| class="wikitable" !Ma'auni ! Bayani |- | m: | zato da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don kira ya kamata a bayyana su a fili don saukake kwafi da kimanta kididdiga ta masu amfani da bayanan da aka ruwaito. Bayyanar abubuwan kira yana da mahimmanci ga nasarar tsarin don sadarwa da la'akari da bayanai |- | Daidaitawa: | ya kamata kididdigar ta kasance daidai cikin ciki a cikin dukkan abubuwan da ke cikinta tare da kayan aikin wasu shekaru. Kididdiga ta kididdigewa idan aka yi amfani da hanyoyin iri daya don tushe da duk shekaru masu zuwa kuma idan an yi amfani da daidaitattun saitin bayanai don kididdige hayaki. Karkashin wasu yanayi da ake magana a cikin babin kan daidaiton jerin lokaci (Babin Daidaiton Lokaci na Babban Jagorar wannan Littafin Jagora), kididdiga ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na shekaru daban-daban za a iya la'akari da daidaito idan an sake kididdige shi a cikin sarari., la'akari da duk wani kyawawan ayyuka |- | Kwatanta: | kididdigar fitar da hayaki da }ungiyoyin ke bayar da rahoto a cikin kayayyaki ya kamata su yi kwatankwacinsu a tsakanin }ungiyoyin. Don wannan dalili, bangarorin ya kamata su yi amfani da hanyoyin da tsare-tsaren da aka amince da su a cikin yarjejeniyar don kididdigewa da ba da rahoton abubuwan kima. |- | Kammala: | Kididdigar kididdiga ta kunshi duk tushe, da duk abubuwan kazanta, wadanda aka hada a cikin Yarjejeniya da Ka'idoji, da kuma sauran nau'ikan tushen da suka dace wadanda ke kebance ga kungiyoyi daya, don haka kila ba za a hada su cikin Littafin Jagora ba. Cikakkun kuma yana nufin cikakken daukar hoto na tushe da nutsewar kungiya. |- | Daidaito: | ma'aunin dangi na ainihin kimar fitar da hayaki. Yakamata kididdigar ta zama daidai ta ma'anar cewa ba a kan tsari ba ko kuma ba a karkashin hayaki na gaskiya ba, gwargwadon yadda za a iya tantancewa, kuma ana rage rashin tabbas gwargwadon iya yiwuwa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace wadanda suka dace da jagora kan ayyuka masu kyau don habaka daidaito a cikin kayayyaki |} Ya kamata kayyadadden kayyadaddun kira ya hada da isassun takardu da sauran bayanai don baiwa masu karatu da masu amfani damar fahimtar zato da kuma tantance amfanin sa a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Fasali na fitarwa * Habakarwa &amp;amp; Hadin Bayanan Bayanai * Kayayyakin gas na Greenhouse == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == * [https://unfccc.int/ghg-inventories-annex-i-parties/2021 Abubuwan kirkira na kasa na GhG da aka fitar a cikin 2019 (UNFCCC ta karba a cikin 2021)] == Sources da Karin karatu == * [http://unfccc.int Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin yanayi] * [http://www.ipcc.ch Kwamitin Tsakanin gwamnatoci kan Canjin Yanayi] * [http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/index.html Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Gidan Tsara don Kayayyaki da Abubuwan Haɓakawa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120915230825/http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventoryreport.html Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Bayanan Habaka Iskar Gas na Kasa] * [http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Kayayyakin Saki na Guba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627081644/http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program |date=2015-06-27 }} * [http://www.eea.europa.eu/emep-eea-guidebook Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai EMEP/CORINAIR Littafin Jagorar Inventory Inventory 2009] * [http://www.dotgovwatch.com/wsdl/map.php Taswirar Iskar Iska mai Guba ta Amurka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601030023/http://www.dotgovwatch.com/wsdl/map.php |date=2008-06-01 }} * [http://www.emisia.com/copert/ COPERT 4 - Shirin Kwamfuta don kididdige fitar da hayaki daga sufurin hanya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311165448/http://www.emisia.com/copert/ |date=2014-03-11 }} * [http://reports.eea.europa.eu/EMEPCORINAIR5/en/B710vs6.0.pdf Hanyar da za a kididdige fitar da hayaki - Hanyoyin sufuri]{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p8peupgd0jwwyu7azg1nhkiazox8nso 0 30241 841395 838630 2026-05-28T10:07:48Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Vladimir_Horowitz_C37292-1.jpg with [[File:Vladimir_Horowitz_During_a_Reception_and_Concert_in_His_Honor_in_The_East_Room_-_DPLA_-_d170d07ef7a5d43b8568c88a038511e4.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File r 841395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:HorowitzBain.jpg|thumb| Vladimir Horowitz, kwanan wata ba a sani ba[[File:Horowitz_Signature.png|alt=signature written in ink in a flowing script|center|frameless]]]] [[Fayil:Vladimir Horowitz C37292-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Horowitz]] '''Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz'''<ref>/[[Taimako:IPA/English|ˈhɒrəvɪts/]]; [[Russian language|Russian]]: Владимир Самойлович Горовиц; [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]: וולאַדימיר סאַמוילאָוויטש האָראָוויץ</ref> (October 1 [ {{Spaced en dash}}Nuwamba 5, 1989) <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> ɗan Ukrainian Ba'amurke ne na gargajiya na pianist kuma mawaki. Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan wasan piano na kowane lokaci, <ref>Time. Michael Walsh, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081129121717/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1825139,00.html ''The Greatest Pianist of All?''], July 21, 2008. Retrieved on June 3, 2009.</ref> an san shi da fasaha na virtuoso, launin sautin, da kuma jin daɗin da ya haifar da wasansa. <ref>Dubal, 1989</ref> == Rayuwa da farkon aiki == [[File:Horowitz_birth_certificate.png|left|thumb| Takaddar haihuwar Vladimir Horowitz]] An haifi Vladimir Horowitz a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], a lokacin tana karkashin wani yanki na daular Russia. Akwai da'awar cewa Horowitz an haife shi ne a Berdychiv (wani birni kusa da Zhytomyr a Ukraine), amma takardar shaidar haihuwarsa ta nuna babu shakka cewa Kyiv ita ce mahaifarsa. Horowitz shi ne auta a cikin yara hudu na Samuil Horowitz da Sophia Bodik, waɗanda ake tsammani Yahudawa ne. Samuil ya kasance ƙwararren injiniyan lantarki kuma ya bada gudunmawa ga masana'antun Jamus. Kakan Horowitz Joachim ɗan kasuwa ne (kuma mai goyon bayan fasaha), na ƙungiyar 1st Guild, wanda ya keɓe shi daga zama a Pale of Settlement . An haifi Horowitz ne a shekara ta 1903, amma domin ya nuna cewa bai cika matashin yin aikin soja ba don kada ya yi kasadar lahani a hannunsa, mahaifinsa ya cire shekarun dansa na shekara guda da ikirarin cewa an haife shi a shekara ta 1904. Kwanan watan 1904 ya bayyana a cikin ayyukan tunani da yawa a lokacin rayuwar pianist. Kawun Horowitz Alexander almajiri ne kuma aminin Alexander Scriabin . <ref>''Scriabin, a Biography'' Faubion Bowers, p. 82</ref> Lokacin da Horowitz ya kasance 10, an shirya shi don buga wa Scriabin, wanda ya gaya wa iyayensa cewa yana da hazaka da fasaha sosai. <ref>''A Little Nightmusic'', Samuel Chotzinoff, p. 36 Harper & Row, 1964</ref> Horowitz ya sami matsayin koyar da piano tun yana ƙarami, da farko daga mahaifiyarsa, wadda ita kanta ƴan wasan piano ce. A 1912 ya shiga Kyiv Conservatory, inda Vladimir Puchalsky, Sergei Tarnowsky, da Felix Blumenfeld suka koyar da shi. Karatun solo na farko shine a Kharkiv a cikin 1920. Ba da dadewa ba Horowitz ya fara rangadin kasar Russia, inda ake biya shi da burodi, man shanu da cakulan maimakon kudi, saboda matsalar tattalin arziki da yakin basasa ya haifar. <ref name="plaskin">Plaskin, 1983, pp. 52, 56, 338–37, 353.</ref> A lokacin lokacin 1922–23, ya yi kide-kide 23 na shirye-shirye daban-daban goma sha daya a cikin [[Saint-Petersburg|Petrograd]] kadai. <ref name="plaskin" /> Duk da nasarar da ya samu a farko a matsayin dan wasan pian, Horowitz ya ci gaba da cewa yana so ya zama mawaki kuma ya gudanar da aikinsa a matsayin dan wasan pian kawai don taimaka wa danginsa, wadanda suka yi asarar dukiyoyinsu a juyin juya halin Rasha . A cikin Disamba 1925, Horowitz ya yi hijira zuwa Yamma, da alama don yin karatu tare da Artur Schnabel a Berlin amma a asirce ya yi niyyar ba zai dawo ba. Dan wasan piano mai shekaru 22 ya cusa dalar Amurka da fam na Burtaniya a cikin takalminsa don samun kudin gudanar da kide kide da wake-wakar sa na farko. <ref>Horowitz interview with Charles Kuralt, CBS News Sunday Morning</ref> == Sana'a a Yammacin dunniya == [[File:Vladimir_Horowitz_LOC_3b00629.jpg|thumb|311x311px| Horowitz a 1931]] A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1925, Horowitz ya fara bayyanar a wajen ƙasarsa, a [[Berlin]]. Daga baya ya taka leda a [[Faris|Paris]], [[Landan|London]] da [[New York (birni)|New York City]] . Hukumomin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]] sun zaɓi Horowitz don wakiltar [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] a gasar Chopin Piano ta kasa da kasa ta 1927 a [[Poland]], amma ya yanke shawarar zama a Yammacin Turai don haka bai shiga ba. Horowitz ya fara halarta a Amurka a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1928, a Hall Hall Carnegie. Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky 's Piano Concerto No. 1 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sir Thomas Beecham, wanda shi ma ya fara halarta a Amurka. Horowitz daga baya ya ce shi da Beecham suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da lokaci kuma Beecham yana gudanar da maki "daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma bai sani ba" yanki. <ref>Videotaped interview, 1982, intemission feature from London recital</ref> Kwatankwacin Horowitz da masu sauraronsa abu ne mai ban mamaki. Olin Downes, rubuce-rubuce ga ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ya kasance mai mahimmanci game da yakin da ake yi tsakanin jagoran da soloist, amma ya ba da Horowitz tare da kyakkyawan sautin waƙa a cikin motsi na biyu da kuma fasaha mai mahimmanci a cikin wasan karshe, yana kiran wasansa "guguwar iska da aka saki. daga steppes". <ref>Olin Downes, New York Times, January 13, 1928</ref> A cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo na farko, Horowitz ya nuna alamar iyawa don faranta wa masu sauraron sa rai, ikon da ya kiyaye don dukan aikinsa. Downes ya rubuta cewa: "An kwashe shekaru da yawa tun lokacin da mai wasan pian ya haifar da irin wannan fushi tare da masu sauraro a wannan birni." A cikin bita na karatun solo na Horowitz, Downes ya kwatanta wasan pianist yana nuna "mafi yawan idan ba duka halayen babban mai fassara bane." <ref>Olin Downes, New York Times, February 21, 1928</ref> A cikin 1933, ya taka leda a karon farko tare da shugaba Arturo Toscanini a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven's]] Piano Concerto No. 5 . Horowitz da Toscanini sun ci gaba da yin wasa tare sau da yawa, a kan mataki da kuma rikodin. Horowitz ya zauna a Amurka a cikin 1939 kuma ya zama ɗan Amurka a 1944. <ref name="Encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3491900044.html#A Vladimir Horowitz on Encyclopedia.com], accessed ''15 January 2010''</ref> Ya fara fitowar sa ta talabijin a cikin wani kade-kade da aka kade a Hall din Carnegie a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1968, kuma CBS ya watsa a duk fadin kasar a ranar 22 ga Satumba na waccan shekarar. Duk da liyafar da aka hada masa, Horowitz ya ƙara samun rashin tabbas game da iyawarsa matsayin ɗan wasan pian. A lokuta da dama, dole ne a tura mai wasan piano zuwa mataki. <ref name="plaskin">Plaskin, 1983, pp. 52, 56, 338–37, 353.</ref> Ya janye daga wasan kwaikwayon jama'a daga 1936 zuwa 1938, 1953 zuwa 1965, 1969 zuwa 1974, da 1983 zuwa 1985. === Rikodi === {{See also|Vladimir Horowitz discography}}   {| class="infobox" style="width: 270px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Sauti na waje |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[[File:Nuvola_apps_arts.svg|link=|alt=audio icon|16x16px]]</img> Kuna iya jin Vladimir Horowitz yana yin [[Johannes Brahms]] "Piano Concerto No. 2 in B-flat Major" tare da [[Arturo Toscanini]] yana gudanar da [[NBC Symphony Orchestra|Orchestra na Symphony NBC]] a 1940. [[iarchive:BRAHMSPianoConcertoNo.2-Horowitz-NEWTRANSFER/02.Ii.AllegroAppassionato.mp3|'''nan''']] |} A cikin 1926, Horowitz ya yi wasan piano da yawa a ɗakin studio na Welte-Mignon a Freiburg, Jamus. An yi rikodinsa na farko a Amurka don Kamfanin Injin Magana na Victor a 1928. Rikodin farko na Horowitz na Turai, wanda aka yi a cikin 1930 ta Muryar Jagoransa, RCA Victor na London wanda ke da alaƙa, ya kasance na Rachmaninoff 's Piano Concerto No. 3 tare da Albert Coates da Orchestra na Symphony na London, rikodin farko na duniya na wannan yanki. Ta hanyar 1936, Horowitz ya ci gaba da yin rikodi a Burtaniya don HMV na repertoire na solo piano, gami da asusunsa na 1932 na Liszt's Sonata a cikin ƙaramin B. Tun daga 1940, aikin rikodin Horowitz ya sake mayar da hankali ga RCA Victor a Amurka. A wannan shekarar, ya rubuta Brahms Piano Concerto No. 2, kuma a cikin 1941, Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 1, duka tare da NBC Symphony Orchestra karkashin Toscanini. A 1959, RCA Victor bayar da live 1943 wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky concerto tare da Horowitz da Toscanini; gabaɗaya ana ɗauka cewa ya fi rikodin rikodi na 1941, kuma an zaɓi shi don Grammy Hall of Fame. A lokacin da yayi ritaya na biyu na Horowitz, wanda ya fara a cikin 1953, ya yi jerin rikodi a cikin gidansa na birnin New York, gami da LPs na Scriabin da Clementi . Rikodin sitiriyo na farko na Horowitz, wanda aka yi a cikin 1959, an sadaukar da shi ga Beethoven piano sonatas. A cikin shekara ta 1962, Horowitz ya fara yin rikodin rikodin rikodin Columbia . Shahararrun sanannun su ne wasan kwaikwayo na dawowar sa na 1965 a Hall Hall Carnegie da kuma rikodin 1968 daga na musamman na talabijin, ''Vladimir Horowitz: Concert a Hall Carnegie'', wanda CBS ya yi ta talabijin. Horowitz ya ci gaba da yin rikodin studio, gami da rikodin 1969 na Schumann's ''Kreisleriana'', wanda aka ba shi Prix Mondial du Disk. A cikin shekara ta 1975, Horowitz ya koma RCA kuma ya yi rikodin rikodi har zuwa 1983. Ya sanya hannu tare da Deutsche Grammophon a cikin 1985, kuma ya yi ɗakin studio da rikodin raye-raye har zuwa 1989, gami da rikodinsa kawai na Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23 . An yi fina-finai na gaskiya guda huɗu waɗanda ke nuna Horowitz a wannan lokacin, gami da watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na karatunsa na Afrilu 20, 1986 na Moscow. Rikodinsa na ƙarshe, na Sony Classical (tsohuwar Columbia), an kammala shi kwanaki huɗu kafin mutuwarsa kuma ya ƙunshi rubutun da bai taɓa yin rikodin a baya ba. An fitar da duk wakokin Horowitz akan ƙaramin faifain CD, wasu lokuta da yawa. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan mutuwar Horowitz, an fitar da CD ɗin da ke ɗauke da wasannin da ba a fitar da su a baya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da zaɓuka daga littattafan Carnegie Hall da aka rubuta a asirce don Horowitz daga 1945 zuwa 1951. === Dalibai === Horowitz ya koyar da dalibai bakwai tsakanin 1937 da 1962: Nico Kaufmann (1937), Byron Janis (1944-1948), Gary Graffman (1953-1955), Coleman Blumfield (1956-1958), Ronald Turini (1957-1963), Alexander Fiorillo (1960-1962) da Ivan Davis (1961-1962). <ref>Plaskin, Glenn (1983) p. 10 "interviews with all six of Horowitz's students: Gary Graffman, Byron Janis, Ivan Davis, Ronald Turini, Coleman Blumfield, and Alexander Fiorillo"</ref> Janis ya bayyana dangantakarsa da Horowitz a lokacin a matsayin ɗan maye, kuma yakan yi tafiya tare da Horowitz da matarsa a lokacin yawon shakatawa. An gayyaci Davis don zama ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban Horowitz bayan ya sami kira daga gare shi kwana ɗaya bayan ya ci gasar Franz Liszt. <ref name="pl">Plaskin, Glenn (1983) p. 305 "...he also won the Franz Liszt Competition and received a surprise phone call from Horowitz the day after the announcement. ...with 60 concerts planned for his first cross-country tour and a CBS record contract, Davis intrigued Horowitz."</ref> A lokacin, Davis yana da kwangila tare da Columbia Records da yawon shakatawa na kasa da aka shirya. <ref name="pl" /> Horowitz yayi ikirarin cewa ya koyar da dalibai uku ne kawai a wannan lokacin. “Yawancin matasa sun ce su almajiran Horowitz ne, amma uku ne kawai: Janis, Turini, waɗanda na kawo su fagen wasan, da kuma Graffman. Idan wani ya yi iƙirarin, ba gaskiya ba ne. Ina da wadanda suka yi min wasa tsawon wata hudu. Sau ɗaya a mako. Na daina aiki da su saboda ba su ci gaba ba.” <ref name="pla">Plaskin, Glenn (1983) p. 300 "Many young people say they have been pupils of Horowitz, but there were only three. Janis, Turini, who I brought to the stage, and Graffman. If someone else claims it, it's not true. I had some who played for me for four months. Once a week. I stopped work with them, because they did not progress." "The fact that Horowitz disavowed most of his students and blurred the facts regarding their periods of study says something about the erratic nature of his personality during that period."</ref> A cewar masanin tarihin Glenn Plaskin: "Gaskiyar cewa Horowitz ya yi watsi da yawancin ɗalibansa kuma ya ɓata gaskiyar game da lokutan nazarin su yana faɗi wani abu game da yanayin halinsa na kuskure a lokacin". <ref name="pla" /> Horowitz ya koma horarwa a cikin 1980s, yayi aiki tare da Murray Perahia, wanda ya riga ya sami ingantaccen aiki, da Eduardus Halim . == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[File:Vladimir Horowitz During a Reception and Concert in His Honor in The East Room - DPLA - d170d07ef7a5d43b8568c88a038511e4.jpg|thumb|309x309px| Horowitz a shekarar 1986]] {{rquote|right|Not long before Horowitz died, he called [his manager] [[Peter Gelb|Gelb]] and told him he was like family now and he didn’t have to call him "Mr. Horowitz", he could call him "Maestro."|''The New York Times''<ref name="brown20130324">{{Cite news |last=Brown, Chip |date=2013-03-24 |title=The Operatic Reign of Peter Gelb |pages=MM26 |work=The New York Times Magazine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/24/magazine/the-epic-ups-and-downs-of-peter-gelb.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=March 21, 2013}}</ref>}} A cikin 1933, a bikin farar hula, Horowitz ya auri Wanda Toscanini, 'yar Arturo Toscanini . Ko da yake Horowitz Bayahude ne kuma Wanda ya kasance Roman Katolika, wannan ba batu ba ne, domin babu ɗayansu da ya kasance masu lura da addini. Domin Wanda bai san [[Rashanci]] ba kuma Horowitz ya san ɗan [[Italiyanci]] kaɗan, harshensu na farko shine [[Faransanci]] . Horowitz ya kasance kusa da matarsa, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan daga wanda Horowitz zai yarda da zargi game da wasansa, kuma ta zauna tare da Horowitz lokacin da ya ki barin gidan a lokacin da yake ciki . Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Sonia Toscanini Horowitz (1934-1975). Ta samu mummunan rauni a wani hatsarin babur a shekarar 1957 amma ta tsira. Ta rasu a shekara ta 1975. Ba a tantance ko mutuwarta a Geneva ba, sakamakon yawan shan kwayoyi, ya kasance bisa kuskure ko kuma ta [[Kisan kai|kashe kanta]] . <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> Duk da aurensa, an sami jita-jita na cewa yana [[Jima'in jinsi|liwadi]]. <ref name="plaskin">Plaskin, 1983, pp. 52, 56, 338–37, 353.</ref> Arthur Rubinstein ya ce game da Horowitz cewa "[e] kowa ya san shi kuma ya yarda da shi a matsayin ɗan luwadi." <ref>Plaskin, 1983, p. 162</ref> David Dubal ya rubuta cewa a cikin shekarun da ya yi tare da Horowitz, babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa likitan octogenarian yana yin jima'i, amma "babu shakka yana da sha'awar jikin namiji kuma yana da wuya a yi jima'i a tsawon rayuwarsa." <ref>Dubal, 1991, p. 16. "During the years I knew him, there were no signs of any sex life and very little talk on the subject. I personally doubt that he was capable of loving a man emotionally, but there was no doubt he was powerfully attracted to the male body and was most likely often sexually frustrated throughout his life."</ref> Dubal yana jin cewa Horowitz ya ƙaddamar da ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar jima'i a cikin wani yanayi mai ƙarfi na batsa da aka yi magana a cikin wasansa. <ref>Dubal, 1991, pp. 16–17.</ref> Horowitz, wanda ya musanta cewa shi ɗan luwadi ne, <ref>Dubal, 1991, p. 251.</ref> ya taɓa yin barkwanci, “[t] a nan akwai ƴan wasan pian iri uku: ƴan pian na Yahudawa, ƴan pian ɗin ɗan luwadi, da miyagu pianists. A cikin wata kasida ta mujallar ''The New York Times'' a watan Satumba na 2013, Kenneth Leedom, mataimaki na Horowitz na tsawon shekaru biyar kafin 1955, ya yi iƙirarin kasancewa masoyin Horowitz a asirce: "Mun sami rayuwa mai ban mamaki tare. . . Mutum ne mai wahala, ko kadan. Yana da fushi a cikinsa wanda ba shi da imani. Yawan abincin da na jefa a kasa ko a cinyata. Ya d'auko mayafin ya ciro daga teburin, duk abincin ya tashi. Ya yi fushi, da yawa. Amma sai ya nutsu da dadi. Mai dadi sosai, abin so. Kuma hakika ya ƙaunace ni.” A cikin 1940s, Horowitz ya fara ganin likitan kwakwalwa don ƙoƙarin canza yanayin jima'i. A cikin 1960s da kuma a cikin 1970s, mai wasan pianist ya sami magani na electroshock don [[Babban rashin damuwa|damuwa]] . A cikin 1982, Horowitz ya fara amfani da magungunan da aka ba da izinin sha; akwai rahotannin cewa shima yana shan barasa. <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> Wasan nasa ya sami raguwar fahimta a wannan lokacin, <ref name="schonberg" /> tare da wasan kwaikwayonsa na 1983 a Amurka da Japan wanda ya lalace ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da asarar sarrafa jiki. Wani mai sukar Jafananci ya kwatanta Horowitz da "tabbatacciyar gilashin fure mai fashe." Ya daina wasa a bainar jama'a tsawon shekaru biyu. == Shekarun baya == [[File:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan Present Pianist Vladimir Horowitz with The Medal of Freedom in The Roosevelt Room - DPLA - 6be3c9a0130b233d1291fcec5c9e5235.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Horowitz, tare da rakiyar matarsa Wanda Toscanini, ya karbi lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa na 'Yanci daga Shugaba [[Ronald Reagan]] da Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa Nancy Reagan (suna gabatar masa)]] A cikin 1985, Horowitz, baya shan magani ko shan barasa, ya koma yin aiki da wakokin. bayyanarsa na farko bayan ritaya ba a kan mataki ba, amma a cikin fim din fim ''Vladimir Horowitz: Ƙarshen Romantic'' . A yawancin wasan kwaikwayonsa na baya, ɗan wasan pian octogenarian ya maye gurbin finesse da launi don bravura, kodayake har yanzu yana da ikon yin fa'idar fasaha.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2021}}Yawancin masu sukar, ciki har da Harold C. Schonberg , sun ji cewa wasan kwaikwayon na 1985 da rikodi sun kasance mafi kyawun shekarunsa na baya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2021}} A 1986, Horowitz ya sanar da cewa zai koma Tarayyar Soviet a karo na farko tun 1925 don ba da recitals a Moscow da kuma [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] . A cikin sabon yanayi na sadarwa da fahimtar juna tsakanin USSR da Amurka, ana ganin waɗannan kide-kide a matsayin al'amuran siyasa, da kuma kida, mahimmanci. Yawancin tikitin wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow an kebe su ne don manyan Soviet kuma kaɗan ne aka sayar wa jama'a. Wannan ya haifar da da yawa daga cikin ɗaliban Conservatory na Moscow sun yi karo da wasan kide-kide, <ref>[[Charles Kuralt]] liner notes for ''Horowitz in Moscow'' CD</ref> wanda ke saurare ga masu kallon karatun talabijin na duniya. An fitar da wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow akan ƙaramin faifai mai suna ''Horowitz a Moscow'', wanda ya yi sarauta a saman ginshiƙi na kiɗan gargajiya na Billboard sama da shekara guda. Hakanan an sake shi akan VHS kuma, a ƙarshe, DVD. Har ila yau, an ga taron kide-kide a kan Buga na Musamman na ''Labaran CBS Sunday Morning'' tare da rahoton Charles Kuralt daga Moscow. Bayan wasannin kide-kide na Russia, Horowitz ya zagaya biranen Turai da dama, ciki har da Berlin, Amsterdam, da kuma London. A watan Yuni, Horowitz ya fanshi kansa ga Jafananci tare da wasan kwaikwayo guda uku da suka samu karbuwa a Tokyo. Daga baya a waccan shekarar an ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa na 'Yanci, babbar girmamawa ta farar hula da Amurka ta ba Shugaba [[Ronald Reagan]] . Yawon shakatawa na karshe na Horowitz ya faru a Turai a cikin bazaran shekarar 1987. An sake yin rikodin bidiyo na karatun jama'a, ''Horowitz a Vienna'', a cikin 1991. Karatunsa na ƙarshe, a Musikhalle Hamburg, Jamus, ya faru a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1987. An yi rikodin wasan kwaikwayo, amma ba a sake shi ba sai 2008. <ref>James Leonard, [https://www.allmusic.com/album/horowitz-in-hamburg-the-last-concert-mw0001857907 Horowitz in Hamburg: The Last Concert], [Review], [[AllMusic]]. (n.d.) ''(Retrieved 2021-03-06.)''</ref> Ya ci gaba da yin rikodi har tsawon rayuwarsa. Vladimir Horowitz ya mutu a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, 1989, a birnin New York na [[ciwon zuciya]], yana da shekaru 86. An binne shi a cikin kabarin dangin Toscanini a Cimitero Monumentale, [[Milano|Milan]], Italiya. == Repertoire, fasaha da salon wasan kwaikwayon == [[File:Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg|thumb|312x312px| Horowitz a cikin 1986 a Concertgebouw a [[Amsterdam]]]] Horowitz sananne ne don wasan kwaikwayonsa na [[Romanticism|Romantic]] [[piano repertoire]]. Mutane da yawa <ref>See, e.g., [[Joachim Kaiser]] and Klaus Bennert, Grosse Pianisten in Unserer Zeit (1997)</ref> sunyi la'akari da rikodin farko na Horowitz na Liszt Sonata a cikin ƙananan B a cikin 1932 don zama madaidaicin karatun wannan yanki, ko da bayan fiye da shekaru 75 da fiye da 100 wasanni da wasu pianists suka yi. <ref>"This colossal account of Liszt's great, arching tone-poem for piano...has never really been surpassed for technical authority." ''The Sunday Times'', 3 January 2010</ref> Sauran guda tare da abin da yake da alaƙa da su shine Scriabin's Étude a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, Chopin's Ballade No. 1, da kuma yawancin Rachmaninoff miniatures, ciki har da ''Polka de WR'' . An yaba wa Horowitz saboda rikodin da ya yi na Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 3, da kuma wasan da ya yi kafin Rachmaninoff ya ba wa mawaƙa, wanda ya ce "ya haɗiye shi gaba ɗaya. Yana da ƙarfin hali, ƙarfi, jajircewa”. Horowitz kuma an san shi da wasan kwaikwayonsa na natsuwa, ayyuka masu kusanci, ciki har da Schumann's ''Kinderszenen'', Scarlatti's keyboard sonatas, keyboard sonatas ta Clementi da Mozart da Haydn sonatas da yawa. Rikodin nasa na Scarlatti da Clementi suna da daraja musamman, kuma ana yaba masa da cewa ya taimaka wajen farfado da sha'awar mawaƙan biyu, waɗanda ba a cika yin rubuce-rubucen ayyukansu ba a farkon rabin farkon ƙarni na 20. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Horowitz ya lashe kade-kaden wakokin Rasha na zamani, inda ya baiwa wakokin Amurkan na farko a Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas No. 6, 7 da 8 (wanda ake kira "War Sonatas") da Kabalevsky 's Piano Sonatas No. 2 da 3. Horowitz kuma ya ƙaddamar da Piano Sonata da na Samuel Barber . An san shi da nau'ikan wakokin sa na yawancin Liszt's ''Hungarian Rhapsodies''. An yi rikodin ''Rhapsody na biyu'' a cikin 1953, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 25 na Horowitz a Carnegie Hall, kuma ya ce shi ne mafi wahala a cikin shirye-shiryensa. <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> Rubuce-rubucen bayanin kula na Horowitz sun haɗa da ''bambancin abubuwan da ya rubuta akan jigo daga Carmen'' da ''The Stars and Stripes Forever'' by John Philip Sousa . Ƙarshen ya zama abin da aka fi so tare da masu sauraro, waɗanda za su yi tsammanin aikin sa a matsayin ƙaddamarwa. Rubuce-rubucen a gefe, Horowitz baya adawa da canza rubutun abubuwan da aka tsara don inganta abin da ya ɗauka "rubutun da ba a so" ko kuma rashin tsari ba. A cikin 1940, tare da yardar mawaƙa, Horowitz ya ƙirƙiri bugun wasan nasa na Rachmaninoff's Piano Sonata na biyu daga sigar 1913 na asali da 1931 da aka bita, waɗanda 'yan wasan pian ciki har da Ruth Laredo da Hélène Grimaud suka yi amfani da su. Ya sake rubuta ''Hotunan'' Mussorgsky sosai a wani nunin don sa aikin ya fi tasiri a kan cewa Mussorgsky ba ɗan pian ba ne kuma bai fahimci yuwuwar kayan aikin ba. Horowitz kuma ya canza gajerun wurare a wasu ayyuka, kamar maye gurbin octaves masu haɗaka don ma'aunin chromatic a Chopin's Scherzo a cikin ƙananan B. Wannan ya bambanta da yawancin ƴan wasan pian na zamanin bayan–ƙarni na 19, waɗanda suka ɗauki sacrosanct rubutun mawaƙa. Mawaƙa masu rai waɗanda ayyukansu Horowitz ya buga (a tsakanin su Rachmaninoff, Prokofiev, da Poulenc ) koyaushe suna yaba ayyukan Horowitz na aikinsu ko da lokacin da ya ɗauki 'yanci tare da maki. Tafsirin Horowitz ya samu karbuwa daga masu sauraron kade-kade, amma ba wasu masu suka ba. Virgil Thomson ya ci gaba da sukar Horowitz a matsayin "masanin murdiya da ƙari" a cikin sharhinsa da ke bayyana a cikin ''New York Herald Tribune'' . Horowitz ya yi iƙirarin ɗaukar kalaman Thomson a matsayin abin yabawa, yana mai cewa [[Michelangelo]] da El Greco su ma “masu iya karkacewa ne”. A cikin bugu na 1980 na ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', Michael Steinberg ya rubuta cewa Horowitz "ya kwatanta cewa kyautar kayan aiki mai ban mamaki ba ta da garanti game da fahimtar kiɗa." Harold C. Schonberg, mai sukar kiɗa na ''[[New York Times]]'', ya ce masu sharhi irin su Thomson da Steinberg ba su da masaniya game da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni na 19 waɗanda ke sanar da tsarin kiɗan Horowitz. Yawancin ’yan pian (irin su Martha Argerich da Maurizio Pollini ) suna riƙe Horowitz da daraja sosai, da kuma ɗan wasan pian Friedrich Gulda suna kiran Horowitz a matsayin “over-Allah na piano”. Salon Horowitz yakan ƙunshi bambance-bambance na masu ɗorewa, tare da ɗumbin nau'ikan fortissimos guda biyu suna biye da pianissimos kwatsam. Ya sami damar samar da ƙarar sauti mai ban mamaki daga piano ba tare da samar da sauti mai tsauri ba. Ya fitar da kewayon launi na tonal na musamman, kuma taut, madaidaicin harin ya kasance sananne har ma a cikin fassararsa na ɓangarorin da ba sa buƙatar fasaha kamar Chopin Mazurkas . An san shi da fasahar octave ; zai iya kunna madaidaicin sashe a cikin octaves da sauri da sauri. Lokacin da dan wasan pian Tedd Joselson ya tambaye shi yadda ya yi octaves, Horowitz ya ba da zanga-zanga kuma Joselson ya ruwaito, "Ya aikata su kamar yadda aka koya mana duka." <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> Harvey Sachs mai sukar kiɗa da tarihin rayuwa ya ƙaddamar da cewa Horowitz na iya kasancewa "mai cin gajiyar - kuma watakila ma wanda aka azabtar - na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya mai ban mamaki da kuma madaidaicin hankali ga launin sauti." <ref>Harvey Sachs, "Virtuoso", Thames and Hudson, 1982</ref> Oscar Levant, a cikin littafinsa ''The Memoirs of an Amnesiac'', ya rubuta cewa octaves na Horowitz sun kasance "masu haske, daidai kuma sun kasance kamar harsashi." Ya tambayi Horowitz "ko ya tura su gaba ko ya dauke su tare da shi a yawon shakatawa." Matsayin Horowitz ya kasance sabon abu domin dabino sau da yawa yana ƙasa da matakin saman maɓalli. Yana yawan buga kida da yatsu madaidaici, kuma dan yatsan hannun dama yakan dunkule har sai an buga rubutu; ga Harold C. Schonberg, "kamar yajin kurma ne." <ref name="schonberg">Schonberg, 1992</ref> Don duk jin daɗin wasansa, Horowitz da kyar ya ɗaga hannuwansa sama sama da allo na [[wiktionary:fallboard|piano]] . Byron Janis, daya daga cikin daliban Horowitz, ya ce Horowitz ya yi kokarin koya masa wannan dabarar amma hakan bai yi masa aiki ba. Jikin Horowitz ba ya motsi, kuma ba kasafai fuskarsa ke nuna wani abu ba face tsananin maida hankali. Horowitz ya fi son yin wasannin sa a ranakun Lahadi, saboda yana jin masu sauraro sun fi hutawa kuma sun fi mai da hankali fiye da maraice na ranar mako. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == '''Kyautar Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Al'ada - Soloist Instrumental ko Soloists (tare da ko ba tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ba)''' * 1968 ''Horowitz in Concert: Haydn, Schumann, Scriabin, Debussy, Mozart, Chopin'' (Columbia 45572) * 1969 ''Horowitz akan Talabijin: Chopin, Scriabin, Scarlatti, Horowitz'' (Columbia 7106) * 1987 ''Horowitz: Rikodin Studio, New York 1985'' (Deutsche Grammophon 419217) '''Kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Soloist(s) Instrumental (tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa)''' * 1979 ''Ƙwallon Jubilee na Zinariya'', ''Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3'' (RCA CLR1 2633) * 1989 ''Horowitz Yana Kunna Mozart: Piano Concerto No. 23'' (Deutsche Grammophon 423287) '''Kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Soloist Instrumental (ba tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ba)''' * 1963 Rikodin ''Columbia ya gabatar da Vladimir Horowitz'' * 1964 ''Sautin Horowitz'' * 1965 ''Vladimir Horowitz ya buga Beethoven, Debussy, Chopin'' * 1966 ''Horowitz a zauren Carnegie - Komawar Tarihi'' * 1972 ''Horowitz yana wasa Rachmaninoff (Etudes-Tableaux Piano Music; Sonatas)'' (Columbia M-30464) * 1973 ''Horowitz Plays Chopin'' (Columbia M-30643) * 1974 ''Horowitz Plays Scriabin'' (Columbia M-31620) * 1977 ''The Horowitz Concerts 1975/76'' (RCA ARL1-1766) * 1979 ''The Horowitz Concerts 1977/78'' (RCA ARL1-2548) * 1980 ''The Horowitz Concerts 1978/79'' (RCA ARL1-3433) * 1982 ''The Horowitz Concerts 1979/80'' (RCA ARL1-3775) * 1988 ''Horowitz a Moscow'' (Deutsche Grammophon 419499) * 1991 ''Rikodi na Ƙarshe'' (Sony SK 45818) * 1993 ''Horowitz Abubuwan Da Aka Gano: Chopin, Liszt, Scarlatti, Scriabin, Clementi'' (Sony 48093) '''Kyautar Grammy don Kyautattun Album Na Gargajiya''' : * 1963 Rikodin ''Columbia ya gabatar da Vladimir Horowitz'' * 1966 ''Horowitz a Hall Carnegie: Komawar Tarihi'' * 1972 ''Horowitz Yana kunna Rachmaninoff (Etudes-Tableaux Piano Music; Sonatas)'' * 1978 ''Concert na Ƙarni'' tare da Leonard Bernstein (mai gudanarwa), New York Philharmonic, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Vladimir Horowitz, Yehudi Menuhin, Mstislav Rostropovich, Isaac Stern, Lyndon Woodside * 1987 ''Horowitz: Rikodin Studio, New York 1985'' (Deutsche Grammophon 419217) * 1988 ''Horowitz a Moscow'' (Deutsche Grammophon 419499) '''Kyautar Nasarar Rayuwar Grammy, 1990''' '''Prix Mondial du Disque''' * 1970 ''Kreisleriana'' '''Kyaututtuka daban-daban''' * 1972 - Memba mai girma na Royal Academy of Music (London) * 1982 - Kyautar Gidauniyar Wolf don Kiɗa * 1985 - Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur daga Gwamnatin Faransa * 1985 - Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Italiya * 1986 – Lambar Yanci na Shugabancin Amurka * 1988 - Jerin Ƙungiyoyin Bow Tie na Ƙasa na 10 Mafi Kyawun Bow Tie Wearers na 1988 <ref>Anthony Tommasini, [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/25/arts/horowitz-at-85-still-playing-free.html Horowitz at 85: Still Playing Free], ''The New York Times'', Sunday, September 25, 1988</ref> * 2012 - Gidan Fame na ''Gramophone'' === Bayanan kula ===   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Littattafai == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/SaxonServlet?style=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/EAD/yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&source=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/fedora/get/music:mss.0055/EAD Takardun Horowitz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308145154/http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/SaxonServlet?style=http%3A%2F%2Fdrs.library.yale.edu%3A8083%2Fsaxon%2FEAD%2Fyul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&source=http%3A%2F%2Fdrs.library.yale.edu%3A8083%2Ffedora%2Fget%2Fmusic%3Amss.0055%2FEAD |date=2012-03-08 }} a Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Jami'ar Yale * [http://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en/cat/result?ART_ID=HORVL Vladimir Horowitz a Deutsche Grammophon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230914/https://www.deutschegrammophon.com/en/cat/result?ART_ID=HORVL |date=2019-12-02 }} * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/272128/Vladimir-Horowitz Vladimir Horowitz a Encyclopædia Britannica] * Vladimir Horowitz * {{IMDb name|0395332}} * [http://www.45worlds.com/78rpm/artist/vladimir-horowitz/all Shiga a 45worlds.com] {{Vladimir Horowitz}}{{Navboxes|title=Awards for Vladimir Horowitz|list={{Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award}} {{Gramophone Hall of Fame}} {{National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s|state=autocollapse}}}}{{Arturo Toscanini}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Yahudawan Ukraine]] [[Category:Yahudawan Daular Russia]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1903]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1989]] [[Category:Mawakan gargajiyan Amurka]] [[Category:Mawakan Amurka na karni na 20]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g8vwc9hhzgcg98chiiigfga4zkvl5pl 0 33375 841233 314053 2026-05-28T08:35:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tawagar kwallon kwando ta mata ta''' Ghana tana wakiltar [[Ghana]] a gasar kwallon kwando ta kasa da kasa. Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amateur ta Ghana (GBBA) ce ke gudanar da ita. <ref>[http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/289/nfProf.html Profile | Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720131323/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/289/nfProf.html |date=2017-07-20 }}, Fiba.com.</ref> Tawagar ta ci gaba da rasa goyon bayan gwamnati kuma sau da yawa ba ta iya yin takara saboda taimakon daidaikun mutane. <ref>[http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-6500-0-0-0&sID=95636&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=17008517 Ghana Basketball Association - Ghana government fails to support Ghana Women's Team in Mali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918234751/http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-6500-0-0-0&sID=95636&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=17008517 |date=2016-09-18 }}, Sportingpulse.com, 24 September 2011.</ref> == 3 x3 tawa == An sanya na 7 a gasar FIBA 3x3 na Afirka<ref>FIBA Ranking Presented by Nike". FIBA. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Kungiyar kwando ta mata ta Ghana ta kasa da kasa da shekaru 19<ref>[[Ghana]] Basketball Association - [[Ghana]] government fails to support [[Ghana]] Women's Team in Mali , Sportingpulse.com, 24 September 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2015.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tmp4gxgcagm32hquxy3384z0e3zcvie 0 34570 840781 234525 2026-05-28T05:03:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kokosa''' yana ɗaya daga cikin Aanaas a cikin Oromia na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Kasancewar Kokosa tana cikin shiyyar Arsi ta Yamma, ta yi iyaka da kudanci da yamma ta yankin Kudu maso Kudu, daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da Kofele, daga arewa maso gabas ta yi iyaka da Dodola, sannan daga kudu maso gabas da Nensebo. Cibiyar gudanarwa na wannan gundumar ita ce Kokosa ; Sauran garuruwan sun hada da Diki, Gata, Hebano, Hogiso. == Dubawa == Yawancin wannan gundumar (95%) ta ƙunshi filayen da ba su da tushe, tare da tuddai, kwari da tsaunuka suna rufe sauran. Koguna sun hada da Genale, Logeta, Webe, Meganamo da Areba. Binciken da aka yi a wannan yanki ya nuna cewa kashi 19.5% na noma ne ko kuma za a iya nomawa (51% na amfanin gona ne a duk shekara), kashi 70% na kiwo, kashi 7.3% na gandun daji, sauran kashi 3.2% kuwa ana ganin ba za a iya amfani da su ba. Ensete shine tushen abinci mai mahimmanci.<ref name="Oromia">[http://www.oromiagov.org/Socio%20Economic%20Profile/Bale/Bale%20Zone.pdf ''Socio-economic profile of the Bale Zone''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331041455/http://oromiagov.org/Socio%20Economic%20Profile/Bale/Bale%20Zone.pdf |date=2022-03-31 }} Government of Oromia Region (last accessed 1 August 2006)</ref> Masana'antu a cikin gundumar sun haɗa da wasu ma'adanai, wasu ƙananan kasuwanci da kasuwanni na buɗe. Akwai kungiyoyin manoma guda 16 da membobi 7640 da kuma kungiyar masu yiwa manoma hidima da mambobi 254. Kokosa tana da titin kilomita 68, don matsakaita mai yawa na kilomita 106 a cikin murabba'in kilomita 1000. Kusan kashi 48% na yawan jama'a suna samun ruwan sha . <ref name="Oromia"/> == Alƙaluma == Kididdiga ta kasa ta shekarar 2007 ta ba da rahoton jimillar yawan jama'a na wannan gundumar mai mutane 144,549, wadanda 70,022 maza ne, 74,527 mata; 3,224 ko 2.23% na yawan jama'arta mazauna birni ne. Yawancin mazaunan musulmi ne, inda kashi 77.49% na al'ummar kasar suka bayar da rahoton cewa sun lura da wannan akida, yayin da kashi 14.4% na al'ummar kasar suka ce Furotesta ne, kashi 4.44% na al'ummar kasar na yin imani na gargajiya, kuma kashi 2.09% na addinin Kiristanci na Habasha ne. Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kididdiga ta tsakiya ta buga a shekarar 2005, wannan gundumar tana da adadin yawan jama'a 122,811, daga cikinsu 63,512 maza ne, 59,299 kuma mata; 3,188 ko kuma 2.60% na yawan jama'arta mazauna birni ne, wanda bai kai matsakaicin yanki na 13.5%. Tare da kiyasin yanki na kilomita murabba'i 636.88, Kokosa tana da kiyasin yawan jama'a 192.8 a kowace murabba'in kilomita, wanda ya fi matsakaicin yanki na 27. Ƙididdigar ƙasa ta 1994 ta ba da rahoton jimillar yawan jama'a na wannan yanki na 88,834, waɗanda 43,139 maza ne da mata 45,695; 1,784 ko kuma 2.01% na mutanenta mazauna birni ne a lokacin. Ƙabilu uku mafi girma da aka ruwaito a Kokosa sune Oromo (95.05%), Sidama (3.15%), da Amhara (1.28%); duk sauran kabilun sun kasance kashi 0.52% na yawan jama'a. An yi amfani da Oromiffa a matsayin yaren farko da kashi 94.57%, kashi 3.83% na magana da Sidamo, kuma kashi 1.53% na jin Amharic ; sauran kashi 0.07% sun yi magana duk sauran yarukan farko da aka ruwaito. Yawancin mazaunan Musulmai ne, yayin da kashi 56.41% na al'ummar kasar suka ba da rahoton cewa sun aikata wannan akida, yayin da kashi 32.01% na al'ummar kasar ke rike da akidar gargajiya, kashi 5.98% masu da'awar Kiristanci Orthodox ne na Habasha, kashi 3.72% na Furotesta ne, kuma kashi 1.17% na Roman Katolika ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Coord|6|50|N|38|45|E|type:adm3rd_region:ET}} jz4ntqwwojv4kyh02u63vr70z6exkyf 0 35127 840606 555505 2026-05-27T22:47:42Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Gyara mukala}} Wasan [https://zèemovies.net kwaikwayo]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} shine duk wani wasa da ake shiryawa Domin a fadakar, a ilmantar, kuma a nishadantar da al'ummah. IRE-IREN WASAN KWOIKWAYO Kawai Na Zamani da kuma Na gargajiya Na Zamani Shine wasan kwaikwayo Wanda aka ingantashi Domin shigowa ta Zamani da ilimi da kuma Fasaha ta mutanen yanzu dasuka kawo.sakamakon lokacin da shigowar ma banbanta abubuwa DA Zamani yakawo .misali camera speaker edit wadanan abubuwane da Zamani yakawo RUBUTATTUN WASAN KWOIKWAYO GARGADI-misalin sa littafin uwar gulma, kulba na barna,zaman duniya iyawane NISHADI-misalin sa littafin tabarmar kunya. SOYAYYA-misalin sa soyayya Tafi kudi. ILIMI-misalin sa wasan marafa. TUBALIN GANIN WASAN KWOIKWAYO Kayan yan wasa Dandamali Yan wasa Wurin wasa d6p600kb9e32qahelihfesl9qxbsc7s 0 35744 840635 481811 2026-05-28T02:10:52Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 840635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:The AEK Arena in Larnaca in summer 2021.jpg|thumb]] Sunan '''Larnaca''' ya samo asali ne daga sunan tsohuwar Girkanci λάρναξ larnax 'coffer, box; kirji, misali. don shagunan gida; cinerary urn, sarcophagus, akwatin gawa; wurin sha, chalice'. Etymology na yau da kullun yana danganta asalin sunan zuwa yawancin larnakes (sarcophagi) waɗanda aka samu a yankin.[1] Sophocles Hadjisavvas, masanin ilmin kimiya na kasa, ya bayyana cewa "(Wakilin Amurka na birnin) na kwata na karshe na karni na 19, ya yi iƙirarin bincikar kaburbura fiye da 3,000 a yankin Larnaca, wanda ake kira bayan babban adadin sarcophagi da aka samu a ciki. garin zamani”.[2] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0qm74xxnlxdjsbrdvf9tteo80msiox9 0 38067 840628 554344 2026-05-28T01:14:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Usman Danfodiyo,''' ya [[fara]] [[Kiran Sallah|kiran]] [[Jama'are|jama’a]] zuwa ga bin haƙiƙanin addinin [[Musulunci]] da kuma watsar da dukkan wani abun sabo, ko wanda ba addinin musulunci ba a garin Ɗagel, lokacin bai wuce shekaru 20 da haihuwa ba a cikin shekarar 1188 ta Hijirar [[Muhammad (SAW)|Annabi Muhammadu]] (SAW) wanda kuma ya yi daidai da shekara ta 1774 miladiyya. Wannan kira na Shehu ya yi shi a cikin shekaru 30 (1774 - 1804).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/SokotoKiranShehu.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-10-28 |archive-date=2021-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925183923/https://rumbunilimi.com.ng/SokotoKiranShehu.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100714082345/http://www.arewahouseabung.org/Bunza.pdf</ref> == Asali == Buƙatar wannan kira na Shehu ta taso ne bayan da Shehu ya nazarci jama’ar Ƙasar Hausa ya kuma taras cewa, masu mulkin Ƙasar Hausa a wannan zamanin kafirai ne kai tsaye ko kuma fasiƙai, mafiya yawa daga cikin malamai kuma ma’abota bidi’a ne, saboda haka sai jama’a suka zamo suna kafircewa Allah a aƙida, sannan kuma suna saɓa masa. Saboda haka sai Shehu ya yi ƙoƙari wajen ilimantar da waɗannan jama’a.<ref>https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Uthm_Fodio.html</ref> Wa’azi, da kuma rubuta waƙoƙi cikin harshen Fullanci da Larabci, su ne hanyoyin da Shehu ya kuma riƙa bi wajen rushe gurɓatacciyar bauta, rushe bidi’a, kawar da tsafi, da kuma yaɗa sunna da ilimantar da jama’a. Yakan fita a duk daren Juma’a dan yin wa’azi. Sauran ranaku kuma (Asabar zuwa Laraba) yakan fita dan bayar da karatu a fannoni ilimin addinin da kuma ganawa da baƙi. Bayan la’asar kuma, yakan fita dan bayar da darasi a fannonin fassarar Alƙur’ani, hadisai, fiƙihu, da kuma sufanci. Bayan waɗannan lokuta da Shehu ke gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka a Ɗagel, yakan kuma samu wani lokaci ya fita zuwa wasu garuruwan dan yaɗa wannan kira nasa ta hanyar wa’azi. A wannan lokaci duk garuruwan da Shehu ya je, yakan koma gida; wato garin Ɗagel. == Fadar Bawa == A farkon kiran nasa, Shehu ya zamo mai nisantar sarakuna, baya zuwa fadodinsu, baya hulɗa da su. Daga baya kuma da jama’arsa suka yawaita, sai ya ga akwai buƙatar kiran sarakuna zuwa ga bin Allah tsantsa. Saboda haka sai ya je fadar sarkin Gobir Bawa, ya sanar da shi nagartaccen addinin Musulunci, ya kuma kira ye shi da bin wannan tafarkin da kuma tsayar da adalci a cikin mulkin sa. Daga nan sai Shehu ya koma gida. == Yarjejeniyar Shehu Usman da Bawa == Karɓuwar da wannan kira na Shehu ya samu a yankunan Hausawa ya matuƙar tayar da hankalin sarakunan Ƙasar Hausa. Da Bawa ya tambayi labarin Shehu aka gaya masa, sai ya aikawa dukkan malaman da ke ƙasar sa cewa yana neman su a cikin watan Zulhijja, da nufin idan suka je zai kashe su. A lokacin da Shehu ya isa Gobir, sarkin Gobir Bawa ya fita zuwa Sallar Idi. Haka nan ma Shehu ya fita tare da jama’ar Musulmi zuwa masallaci a kan raƙuminsa. Da jama’ar Bawa suka hangi Shehu, sai suka tafi zuwa gare shi suka bar sarki Bawa shi kaɗai. Faruwar wannan lamari ya yi matuƙar ƙona zuciyar Bawa. Da aka idar da salla, sai Bawa ya tara malamai, Shehu ma ya shiga cikin su. Bawa, ya ɗauki sama da awa guda ya kasa magana. Sai wani daga cikin aminan sa ya miƙe tsaye ya ce, ya wane, babu wani mutum da ya isa aikata wannan face da izinin Allah. Daga nan sai sarki Bawa ya yi umarni cewa a baiwa Shehu da almajiransa misƙalin zinare ɗari biyar. Daga nan sai Shehu ya miƙe tsaye ya ce da Bawa, “Ni da mutane na bama buƙatar dukiyarka, maimakon haka, ina buƙatar abubuwa biyar a wajenka: na farko, ka ƙyale ni na yi kira a ƙasarka; na biyu, kar a hana duk wanda ke son amsa kira na; na uku, a girmama duk wanda ke saka hula ko naɗa rawani; na huɗu, ka saki dukkan waɗanda ka tsare a kurkukunka; na biyar, kar a ɗorawa talakawa harajin da zai cutar da su”. Nan take bawa ya amince da waɗannan buƙatu na Shehu yana mai cewa, “Na yarje maka, sannan kuma na baka dukkan abin da ka roƙa. Kuma na yarje maka dukkan abubuwan da ka ke son aikatawa a waɗannan garuruwan namu”. Albarkacin Shehu aka saki sarkin Zamfara Abarshi daga kurkuku. Daga nan sai Bawa ya roƙi albarkar Shehu cewa ya buɗe masa Maraɗi, garin da ya gagari Bawa a fagen yaƙi. Sai Shehu ya amsa masa da cewa, da sannu za ka ci Maraɗi da yaƙi tun kafin ka sauka daga kan abin hawanka. Sannan Shehu ya gargaɗe shi da cewa, kar ya kuskura ya wuce Maraɗi bayan ya yi nasara. Daga nan sai Shehu ya hau raƙuminsa, ya yi bankwana da sarki. Bayan tafiyar Shehu, Bawa ya ƙura wa Shehu ido kamar na awa guda, sannan sai ya juya ga mutanensa, ya kiraye su har sau uku, yana mai cewa, “Ya ku mutanen Gobir, ku kalli wancan Bafilatanin mutumin, babu wani wanda ya fi shi ɗaukaka in banda manyan garin ku”. Daga nan kuma sai Bawa ya fara shirya rundunar yaƙi zuwa Maraɗi. Bayan sun gama shiri suka ɗauki hanya zuwa Maraɗi, da isar su Maraɗi, basu ko sauka daga kan abin hawansu ba suka ci Maraɗi da yaƙi. Bayan samun nasara, sai shi Bawa ya tsaya ya ce, mun ga aikin addu’ar Shehu, saura kuma mu ga aikin takkubanmu, saboda haka sai suka wuce zuwa gaba. Suna zuwa Dankish ko Dankeshi, sai aka tarwatsa rundunar tasa, aka kashe shi, shi da ɗansa. Yayin da Shehu ya samu gagarumar nasara a waɗannan garuruwa na Zamfara, sai ya koma gida Ɗagel. == Kiran Shehu a Kogin Kwara (Ilorin) == Bayan mutuwar sarkin Gobir Bawa, sai kuma ƙaninsa Yakubu ya gaje shi, wanda shi kuma ya tsananta ƙiyayyarsa da Shehu, ya riƙa shisshirya wa Shehu makirce-makirce. Bayan haka kuma sai ya shirya runduna ya tafi Dankish dan ya ɗauki fansar ɗan’uwansa. Sai Shehu ya aika masa cewa ya dawo, har ya kusa juyowa, sai jama’ar sa suka hana shi dawowa suka ci gaba da tafiya. Allah ya ƙaddara mutuwar sa a can bai dawo zuwa gidansa ba. Shehu ya ci gaba da kira, ya runtuma ya yi yankin Kabi har sai da ya dangana da Kogin Kwara, wanda shi ne babban kogi a wannan yankin, ya kai zuwa wani gari mai suna Ilo (Ilori). Duk gun da ya je jama’a suna amsa masa. Daga nan kuma sai ya dawo gida Ɗagel. == ƙiyayyar Nafata == Bayan mutuwar sarki Yakubu, sai ƙaninsa Nafata ya gaje shi, wanda shi ya fi tsananta ƙiyaya ga Shehu da kuma jama’arsa. Daga cikin irin ƙulle-ƙullen da ya ke yi wa Shehu, wata rana sai ya tara tsofaffin ƙasarsa, da sauran manyan mutanen ƙasar, ya saka kujera ya zauna a gaban su, sannan ya ce da Shehu ya shigo da nufin ya kunyata Shehu. Da Shehu ya shiga ciki, sai Shehu ya jefe shi da wani abu, sai ya bugi ɗagutu a wuya, nan take ya faɗi sumamme jama’arsa suka ɗauke shi zuwa gidansa. Daga nan kuma sai Shehu ya fita ya koma masaukin sa, ya yi shiri ya koma gida garin Ɗagel. == ƙiyayyar Yunfa == == Mu Yunfa == Bayan mutuwar sarki Nafata, sai Yunfa ya gaje shi, wanda shi kuma ƙiyayyarsa ga Shehu da kuma jama’arsa ta fi dukkan sarakunan da suka gabace shi. Daga cikin irin ƙulle-ƙulle da makirce-makircen da Yunfa ya ke yi wa Shehu, akwai wata rana da ya haƙa rami ya shimfiɗa tabarma a kan ramin sannan ya gayyaci Shehu da almajiransa cewa su zo a tattauna. Da Shehu ya isa wannan waje, sai ƙanin sa Abdullahi bn Fodiye ya yi nufin zama a kan wannan tabarma, sai Shehu ya ce da shi kar ya zauna. Haka Shehu ya zauna a kan wannan tabarma har aka kammala tattaunawa bai rufta ba. Daga nan sai hankalin Yunfa ya sake tashi. Haka Shehu ya ci gaba da yin kiransa ta hanyar wa’azi da karantarwa na tsawon shekaru 30 (1774 – 1804). Gawurtar wannan kira na Shehu shi ne abin da ya jefa barazana a cikin zuciyar Yunfa har ta kai ga kori Shehu da jama’arsa daga garin Ɗagel.<ref>https://religiondocbox.com/Islam/68196378-University-of-maiduguri-centre-for-distance-learning.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qlj0u1faonosb3cn2wmg5ihdfbxhurm 0 39731 840574 436974 2026-05-27T20:54:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Katangar gabari''' birni ne, da ke a [[Jigawa|jihar Jigawa]] ta [[Najeriya]]. Yana da nisan kilomita 20 daga [[Kiyawa]] da kuma nisan 13km daga [[Dutse]] babban birnin jihar Jigawa. ==Taswira== Yana cikin yankin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. Babban birnin Kaduna Kaduna (Kaduna) kusan nisan kilomita 141 da garin Katanga. Tashi daga '''Katanga''' zuwa [[Abuja]] babban birnin Najeriya (Abuja) kusan nisan kilomita 118 ne&nbsp;km/73&nbsp;.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Katanga, Nigeria - Facts and information on Katanga - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/11003210-place-katanga.html |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Garin yana da jimillar yawan mutane 7000. == Mutanen Katanga == Yawancin mutanen Katanga Hausawa ne. Kusan kashi 90% na al'ummar [[Harshen Hausa|Hausawa]] ne, kashi 7.5% [[Fulani]] ne, kashi 2.5% [[Kanuri|na Kanuri]] . == Noma a Katanga == Garin Katanga na ɗaya daga cikin garuruwa masu samar da abinci ba a jihar Jigawa kaɗai ba har ma a duk fadin Najeriya. A lokacin damina ana samun mutanen Katanga suna shuka amfanin gona kamar gero, masara, shinkafa, gyaɗa, wake, da masara. A lokacin rani manoma a Katanga suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa tafki don ban ruwa da shuka kankana, tumatur, borkono da alkama. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Jihar Jigawa]] prhwn5h8116m1133hhzi9l27j6krhgs 0 40357 841239 709599 2026-05-28T08:39:59Z Surajr7 45261 841239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Caravaggio - The Cardsharps (1596-97) Kimbell Art Museum.jpg|thumb| Caravaggio, ''The Cardsharps'' ({{Circa|1594}} ), yana nuna alamun kati.]] [[Fayil:Gambling image.jpg|thumb|Hoton kwarkwaron caca]] '''Caca''' (wadda kuma akafi sani da saka kudi ko '''caca''') shine yin cacar wani abu mai kima ("hannun jari") akan wani taron bazuwar tare da niyyar cin wani abu mai kima, inda aka rangwame yanayin dabarun. Yin caca don haka yana bukatar abubuwa uku don kasancewa: la'akari (adadin da aka kashe), risk (dama), da kyauta. Sakamakon wager sau da yawa yana nan da nan, kamar mirgine guda daya, juzu'in dabarar roulette, ko doki da ke ketare layin gamawa, amma firam din lokaci mai tsayi kuma na gama gari, yana ba da damar wagers a kan sakamakon gasa na wasanni na gaba. ko ma duk lokacin wasanni. [[File:Betting on the Favorite.jpg|thumb|masu caca ne nan]] Kalmar "wasanni" a cikin wannan mahallin yawanci tana nufin lokuttan da doka ta ba da izinin aikin. Kalmomin biyu ba su bambanta da juna ba; ''watau'', kamfanin "wasanni" yana ba da (doka) ayyukan "caca" ga jama'a kuma ana iya tsara shi ta dayan allon kula da caca da yawa, misali, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Nevada. Duk da haka, wannan bambanci ba a ko'ina cikin duniya a cikin masu magana da Ingilishi. Misali, a Burtaniya, ana kiran mai kula da ayyukan caca da Hukumar Caca (ba Hukumar Wasanni ba). Ana amfani da kalmar ''caca'' akai-akai tun daga hawan kwamfuta da [[Wasan Bidiyo|wasannin bidiyo]] don bayyana ayyukan da ba lallai ba ne sun hada da wagering, musamman wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi, tare da sabon amfani da har yanzu ba a raba tsohon amfani ba azaman ma'anar farko a cikin ƙamus na gama gari. An kuma yi amfani da "Wasanni" don kauce wa dokokin da ke hana "caca". Kafofin watsa labarai da sauransu sun yi amfani da kalma daya ko daya don tsara tattaunawa a kan batutuwan, wanda ya haifar da canjin fahimta tsakanin masu sauraron su. Caca kuma babban aikin kasuwanci ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, tare da kasuwar caca ta doka da ta kai kimanin dala biliyan 335 a cikin shekara ta, 2009. A wasu nau'ikan, ana iya gudanar da caca tare da kayan da ke da kima, amma ba kuɗi na gaske ba. Misali, 'yan wasa na wasannin marmara na iya yin wasan marmara, haka kuma wasannin ''Pogs'' ko ''Magic: Ana iya buga Gathering'' tare da guntun wasan da aka tattara (bi da bi, kananan fayafai da katunan ciniki) a matsayin hadarurruka, yana haifar da wasan meta game da kimar. na tarin ɗan wasa. == Tarihi == Caca ta samo asali ne tun zamanin Paleolithic, kafin rubuta tarihi. A Mesopotamiya farkon lido mai gefe shida kwanan wata zuwa kusan 3000 KZ. Duk da haka, sun dogara ne akan astragali tun dubban shekaru baya. A kasar Sin, gidajen caca sun yadu a cikin karni na farko KZ, kuma yin caca akan dabbobi ya zama ruwan dare. Wasannin Lotto da dominoes (masu gabatarwa na Pai Gow) sun bayyana a China tun farkon karni na 10. Katunan wasa sun bayyana a cikin karni na 9 AZ a kasar Sin. Bayanai sun gano caca a Japan aƙalla har zuwa karni na 14. Poker, wasan katin Amurka da aka fi sani da caca, ya samo asali ne daga wasan Farisa As-Nas, tun daga karni na 17. Gidan caca na farko da aka sani, Ridotto, ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 1638 a Venice, Italiya. === Biritaniya === Caca ya kasance babban aikin nishaɗi a Biritaniya tsawon karni. <ref>Roger Munting, ''An economic and social history of gambling in Britain and the USA.'' (Manchester UP, 1996).</ref> Doki ya kasance jigon da aka fi so fiye da karni uku. <ref>Mike Huggins, ''Flat racing and British society, 1790-1914: A social and economic history'' (Routledge, 2014).</ref> An daidaita shi sosai. <ref>David Forrest, "An economic and social review of gambling in Great Britain." ''Journal of Gambling Business and Economics'' 7.3 (2013): 1-33.</ref> A tarihance yawancin adawa sun fito ne daga Furotesta na bishara, da kuma masu gyara zamantakewa. <ref>Roger Munting, "Social opposition to gambling in Britain: a historical overview." ''International Journal of the History of Sport'' 10.3 (1993): 295-312.</ref> <ref>Mike Huggins, "Betting, sport and the British, 1918-1939." ''Journal of Social History'' (2007): 283-306. [http://www.academia.edu/download/30530097/Betting__sport_and_the_BritishDecember_2007_issue_(Volume_41_Number_2)..pdf Online]{{Dead link|date=July 2022}}</ref> === Amurka === Caca ta kasance sanannen aiki a Amurka tsawon karni. <ref>Roger Munting, ''An economic and social history of gambling in Britain and the USA.'' (Manchester U. Press, 1996).</ref> Haka kuma doka ta danne ta a wurare da dama na kusan tsawon lokaci. A farkon karni na 20, an kusan haramta caca a duk fadin Amurka don haka ya zama babban aiki na doka, yana taimakawa haɓakar mafia da sauran ƙungiyoyin masu laifi. <ref>E.g., [[Constitution of Louisiana]], 1974, Art. VII, Sec. 6(B).</ref> Ƙarshen karni na 20 ya ga taushin halaye game da caca da annashuwa na dokoki game da shi. == Ka'ida == [[File:Gamblers_in_the_Ship_of_Fools,_1494.jpg|thumb| Masu caca a cikin Jirgin Wawa, 1494]] [[File:Cornelis_de_Vos_-_Players_and_courtesans_under_a_tent.jpg|right|thumb| "Yan wasa da masu ladabi a ƙarƙashin tanti" na Cornelis de Vos]] Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen, na gida da na ƙasa, ko dai sun haramta caca ko kuma suna sarrafa ta sosai ta hanyar ba da lasisin dillalai. Irin wannan tsari gaba daya yana haifar da yawon shakatawa na caca da caca ba bisa ka'ida ba a wuraren da ba a yarda da shi ba. Shigar da gwamnatoci, ta hanyar tsari da haraji, ya haifar da kusanci tsakanin gwamnatoci da yawa da kungiyoyin caca, inda caca ta doka ta ba da gagarumar kudaden shiga na gwamnati, kamar a [[Monaco]] da [[Macau|Macau, China]]. == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] svb3igesn4xfu8orbi6u5fekyup2d4c 0 41547 841437 772210 2026-05-28T10:38:43Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_in_Meeting_with_President_Mohammad_Zia_Ul_Haq_of_Pakistan_in_Oval_Office.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_in_Meeting_with_President_Mohammad_Zia_Ul_Haq_of_Pakistan_in_Oval_Office_-_DPLA_-_eefc4fe9db7b6d32f496c5bf18 841437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:General Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Zia'ul-Haq]] Janaral '''Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq''' ( [[Harshen Punjab|Punjabi]], {{Lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد ضياء الحق}}}} ; Agustan shekarar 12, 1924 - Agusta 17, 1988), babban hafsan Pakistan ne kuma shugaban kama karya na soja. Shi ne shugaban Pakistan na shida. Ya kuma zama shugaban ƙasa daga 1978 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammad-Zia-ul-Haq|title=Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq {{!}} president of Pakistan|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/zia-ul-haq-the-stephanian-pakistani-dictator-who-feared-indira-gandhi/278313/|title=Zia-ul-Haq, the Stephanian Pakistani dictator who feared Indira Gandhi|last=Krishnan|first=Revathi|date=2019-08-17|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a Jalandhar, Punjab. Ya kuma mutu a wani [[Plane crash|hatsarin jirgin sama]] a Bahawalpur Punjab. Kafin ya zama shugaban ƙasa, ya kasance babban mai kula da harkokin shari'a daga 1977, lokacin da aka ayyana dokar ta-baci a karo na uku a tarihin ƙasar. == Sana'a == Ana kallon mulkinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatocin da suka fi daɗewa a Pakistan, yayin da yayi mulki shekaru tara. Ya kasance mummunan lokaci ga yawancin mutanen Pakistan. Ya kuma taimaka wa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] wajen yaƙar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] a lokacin yakin Soviet a Afganistan kuma a cikin haka ya lalata ƙasarsa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2014}} <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Mutuwa == [[File:Zia's_Tomb.jpg|thumb|243x243px| Kabarin Zia a [[Islamabad]]]] Zia ya mutu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1988. Bayan shaida wata zanga-zangar tankar M1 Abrams ta Amurka a Bahawalpur, Zia ya bar ƙaramin garin da ke lardin Punjab da jirgin C-130B Hercules. Jirgin ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Bahawalpur kuma ana sa ran isa filin jirgin saman Islamabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880817-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130B Hercules 23494 Bahawalpur Airport (BHV)|author=Harro Ranter|date=17 August 1988|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun tashi lafiya sai jirgin ya kwace daga sarrafawa Shaidu da suka ga jirgin sama a iska daga baya sun yi iƙirarin cewa yana tafiya ne bisa kuskure, sannan ya nutse hanci kuma ya fashe a sakamakon tasiri. Baya ga Zia, wasu 31 sun mutu a hatsarin jirgin, ciki har da shugaban kwamitin hadin gwiwa na rundunar Janar Akhtar Abdur Rahman, na kusa da Zia, Birgediya Siddique Salik, jakadan Amurka a Pakistan Arnold Lewis Raphel da Janar Herbert M. Wassom, shugaban tawagar taimakon sojojin Amurka zuwa Pakistan. <ref>''Foreign affairs Pakistan'' by Pakistan. </ref> Ghulam Ishaq Khan, shugaban majalisar dattijai ya sanar da mutuwar Zia ta rediyo da talabijin. Abubuwan da ke tattare da mutuwarsa sun haifar da ra'ayoyi da yawa na makirci. Akwai rade-radin cewa Amurka, Indiya, Tarayyar Soviet (a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga goyon bayan Pakistan ga mujahidai a Afganistan ) ko kuma kawancen su da kungiyoyin cikin gida a cikin sojojin Zia ne suka haddasa lamarin. [[Fayil:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq with his father (1929).jpg|thumb|Muhammad Zia'ul-Haq]] An kafa kwamitin bincike domin gudanar da bincike kan hatsarin. A karshe ya kara da cewa 'mafi yiwuwar musabbabin hadarin shi ne wani laifi na zagon kasa da aka aikata a cikin jirgin'. Har ila yau, an ba da shawarar cewa an saki iskar gas mai guba wanda ya raunana fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin, wanda zai bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba a ba da siginar Mayday ba. An kuma yi ta cece-kuce kan wasu bayanai da suka shafi bayanan binciken. Ba a samo na'urar rikodin jirgin (baƙin baƙar fata) bayan hadarin duk da cewa jirgin C-130 na baya ya sanya su. Maj. Janar Mahmud Ali Durrani, wanda wasu jama'a da dama a Pakistan da kuma jakadan Amurka a Indiya na lokacin John Gunther Dean suka yi zargin cewa ya nace da Shugaba Zia ya ziyarci zanga-zangar. babban wanda ake zargi da faruwar lamarin. Daga baya ya yi ikirarin cewa rahotannin hannu Isra'ila da Indiya a hadarin jirgin Zia kawai hasashe ne kuma ya yi watsi da sanarwar da tsohon shugaban kasar Ghulam Ishaq Khan ya bayar cewa jirgin shugaban kasar ya tashi a iska. Durrani ya bayyana cewa jirgin na Zia ya lalace yayin da yake sauka. [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan in Meeting with President Mohammad Zia Ul Haq of Pakistan in Oval Office - DPLA - eefc4fe9db7b6d32f496c5bf18efdd6d.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Zia'ul-Haq a gefe ]] Laftanar Janar Hameed Gul, shugaban hukumar leƙen asiri ta Inter Services na Pakistan a lokacin, ya ba da shawarar cewa watakila Amurka ce ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin, duk da cewa an kashe jakadan Amurka da hadimin soji. Ya shaidawa ''jaridar The Times'' cewa an kashe shugaban na Pakistan ne a wata makarkashiyar da ta shafi "ikon waje". == Manazarta == [[Category:Pakistan]] ehye6ie8n9jx4nr2918bk5r5upqki8o 0 41918 841051 822521 2026-05-28T07:18:57Z AKA024 30597 841051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Souk Al Milh, Sana, Yemen (4324865585).jpg|thumb|sanaa Babar Abune a rayuwan Dan Adam]] '''Sanaa''' ( {{Lang-ar|صَنْعَاء}} , ''{{Transl|ar|Ṣanʿāʾ}}'' [sˤɑnʕaːʔ], <small>Yaman Larabci :</small> [ˈsˤɑnʕɑ] ; Tsohon Larabawa ta Kudu : 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 ''Ṣnʿw'' ), wanda kuma ake rubutawa da '''Sana'a''' ko '''Sana''', babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar [[Yemen|Yaman]] kuma tsakiyar lardin Sanaa. Garin ba ya cikin mulki, amma ya kafa gunduma na musamman na "ʾAmanat al-ʿĀṣima" ( {{Lang|ar|أمانة العاصمة}} ). A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar Yemen, Sanaa ita ce babban birnin kasar,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dpa-international.com/news/international/yemens-embattled-president-declares-southern-base-temporary-capital-a-44650685-img-2.html|agency=DPA International|title=Yemen's embattled president declares southern base temporary capital|date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711155806/http://www.dpa-international.com/news/international/yemens-embattled-president-declares-southern-base-temporary-capital-a-44650685-img-2.html|archive-date=11 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ko da yake kujerar gwamnatin Yemen ta koma Aden, tsohon babban birnin Yaman ta Kudu bayan mamayar Houthi. Shugaba [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] ya ayyana Aden a matsayin babban birnin wucin gadi a watan Maris shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197|agency=Deutsche Welle|title=Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital'|date=21 March 2015|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-date=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605210805/http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197|url-status=live}}</ref> A tsayin {{Convert|2300|m|ft}},<ref name="Laughlin2008">{{cite book |last=McLaughlin |first=Daniel |title=Yemen |publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]] |chapter=3: Sanaʽa |page=67 |isbn=978-1-8416-2212-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC&q=jabal+nuqum |year=2008 |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214213150/https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC&q=jabal+nuqum |url-status=live }}</ref> Sana'a na ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya kuma birnin dake kusa da tsaunin Sarawat na Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb da Jabal Tiyal, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a ƙasar kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin ƙasar. [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|Yankin]] Sana'a tana da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3,937,500 (2012), hakan ya birnin zama mafi girma a Yemen. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, mafi girman yankin birnin Sanaa ya kai kusan kashi 10% na yawan al'ummar Yemen.<ref name="UN-Habitat">{{cite book |last1=United Nations Human Settlements Programme in Yemen |title=Sana'a City Profile |date=2020 |url=https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/01-Sanaa-City-Profile.pdf |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414041009/https://yemenportal.unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/01-Sanaa-City-Profile.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsohon birnin Sanaa, Gidan Tarihi na Duniya [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]], yana da gine-gine na musamman, wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin gine-ginen masu yawa da aka yi wa ado da siffofi na geometric. A rikicin da ya barke a shekarar 2015, bama-bamai sun afkawa wuraren UNESCO a tsohon birnin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Young|first=T. Luke|title=Conservation of the Old Walled City of Sanaʽa Republic of Yemen|url=http://web.mit.edu/akpia/www/AKPsite/4.239/sanaa/yemen.html|publisher=MIT|access-date=7 April 2011|archive-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803125725/http://web.mit.edu/akpia/www/AKPsite/4.239/sanaa/yemen.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HestlerSpilling2010">{{cite book|author1=Anna Hestler|author2=Jo-Ann Spilling|title=Yemen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNJiTaTaEocC&pg=PA16|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-4850-1|page=16|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-date=14 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214213152/https://books.google.com/books?id=JNJiTaTaEocC&pg=PA16|url-status=live}}</ref> Masallacin Al Saleh, mafi girma a Sana'a, yana cikin tsohon birni. Sana'a na fuskantar matsalar ruwa mai tsanani, inda ake dibar ruwa daga magudanar ruwan da gaugawa. An yi hasashen cewa birnin zai kare gaba daya daga cikin ruwa nan da shekara ta 2030, wanda zai zama babban birnin kasa na farko a duniya. Samun ruwan sha yana da wahala a Sanaa, kuma ana samun matsalolin ingancin ruwa.<ref name="Al-Hamdi">{{cite book |last1=Al-Hamdi |first1=Mohamed I |title=Competition for Scarce Groundwater in the Sana'a Plain, Yemen. A Study of the Incentive Systems for Urban and Agricultural Water Use. |date=2000 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=90-5410-426-0 |pages=1–8 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Competition_for_Scarce_Groundwater_in_th/eOCcu2VAfDQC |access-date=15 February 2021}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Zamanin da === Bisa ga sanannun [[Addinan Ibrahimiyya|addinan Ibrahim]], an kafa Sana'a a gindin tsaunin Jabal Nuqum ta Shem, ɗan [[Nuhu]], <ref>Al-Hamdāni, al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad, ''The Antiquities of South Arabia - The Eighth Book of Al-Iklīl'', Oxford University Press 1938, pp. 8-9</ref> <ref>Minaret Building and Apprenticeship in Yemen, by Trevor Marchand, Routledge (27 April 2001), p.1.</ref> <ref name="Aithe30">Aithe, p.30.</ref> bayan mutuwar karshe. Wataƙila sunan ''Sanaa'' ya samo asali ne daga tushen Sabaic ''ṣnʿ'', ma'ana "ƙarfi mai kyau". <ref name="Smith 1997">{{Cite book|edition=E.|url-access=Lecomte}}</ref><ref>Albert Jamme, inscriptions from Mahram Bilqis p.440</ref> An tabbatar da sunan a cikin tsofaffin rubutun Sabae, galibi daga ƙarni na 3 AZ, kamar yadda '''''ṣnʿw''''' . <ref name="Smith 1997" /> A halin yanzu, sanannen ilimin ilimin al'umma ya ce sunan ''Sana'a'' yana nufin "kyakkyawan sana'o'insa da sana'o'insa (watakila sifar mata ta larabci ''aṣnaʿ'' )". <ref name="Smith 1997" /> Masanin tarihin [[Larabawa]] na ƙarni na 10 al-Hamdani ya rubuta cewa tsohon sunan Sanaa '''''Azāl''''' ne, wanda ba a rubuta shi a cikin wasu rubuce-rubucen Sabae na zamani ba. <ref name="Smith 1997">{{Cite book|edition=E.|url-access=Lecomte}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSmith1997">Smith, G.R. (1997). "ṢANʿĀʾ". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). [https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE)''] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Brill. pp.&nbsp;1–3. [[ISBN (mai ganowa)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Musamman: Madogaran Littattafai/90-04-10422-4|<bdi>90-04-10422-4</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Sunan "Azal" yana da alaƙa da Uzal, ɗan Qahtan, babban jikan Shem, a cikin labaran Littafi [[Baibûl|Mai]] Tsarki na Littafin Farawa . Al-Hamdani ya rubuta cewa Sana'a ta kasance katangar da Saba'awa suka yi a karkashin sarkinsu Sha'r Awtar, wanda kuma za a iya cewa ya gina fadar Ghumdan a birnin. Saboda wurin da yake, Sana'a ta kasance cibiyar birni ga kabilun yankin da ke kewaye da ita kuma a matsayin cibiyar kasuwancin yanki a kudancin Larabawa . An sanya shi a mararrabar manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci guda biyu da suka haɗa Ma'rib a gabas zuwa Bahar Maliya a yamma. <ref name="Aithe30">Aithe, p.30.</ref> === Zamanin Musulunci === [[File:SanaaQuoranDoubleVersions.jpg|thumb| Rubutun Sana'a, wanda aka samo a Sana'a a cikin shekarar 1972, yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubuce-rubucen [[Alqur'ani mai girma|kur'ani]] da aka samu.]] Tun daga zamanin Muhammadu (wato kimanin shekara ta 622 AZ) har zuwa kafuwar kananan hukumomi masu zaman kansu a sassa da dama na [[Khalifofi|Khalifancin]] Musulunci na Yaman, Sana'a ta dage da samun matsayin kujerar mulki. Mataimakin [[Khalifofi|Halifa]] ya kula da al'amuran daya daga cikin Makhalif din Yemen guda uku: Mikhlaf Sana'a, Mikhlaf al-Janad, da Mikhlaf Hadhramaut . Birnin Sanaa na ci gaba da samun wani muhimmin matsayi a kai a kai, kuma dukkan kasashen Yaman sun fafata da su wajen sarrafa shi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2019}} Imam [[Imam Al-Shafi'i|Al-Shafi'i]] masanin fikihu na Musulunci a karni na 8 kuma wanda ya assasa mazhabar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'iyya]] ya ziyarci birnin Sanaa sau da yawa. Ya yaba wa birnin, ya kuma rubuta ''La budda min Shanʻāʼ'', ko kuma "Dole ne a ga Sanaa." A cikin karni na 9-10, masanin tarihin kasar Yemen, al-Hamdani, ya lura da tsaftar birnin, yana mai cewa “Mazauni mafi kankanta a can yana da rijiya daya ko biyu, lambu da dogayen ramukan rabe da juna, babu kamshi ko sharri. yana jin ƙamshi, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan kankare ( adobe da cob, mai yiwuwa) da filin kiwo mai kyau da tsaftataccen wuraren tafiya." Daga baya a cikin karni na 10, ɗan ƙasar Farisa Ibn Rustah ya rubuta game da Sanaa: "Garin Yemen ne - ba za a iya samun ... wani birni mafi girma, mafi yawan jama'a ko mafi wadata, na asali ko abinci mai dadi fiye da shi. ." ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} k16ttjfj5u6alo3921xt65h7il6s2li 0 43337 840786 505430 2026-05-28T05:05:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kola Anubi of Dolphins.jpg|thumb|Kola Anubi]] '''Oluwaseun Kolawale Anubi''' (an haifeshi ranar 24 ga watan Maris, 1987) a Zaria. Ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya, wanda a a yanzu yake buga ma [[Warri Wolves F.C.]]. wasa. ==Aiki== Anubi yabar Insurance a shekarar 2014 zuwa babban kulof ɗin Barazil mai suna Sport Club International<ref>http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=643&z=12 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051110143554/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=643&z=12 |date=2005-11-10 }}.</ref> sannan kuma a watan Yuli a shekarar 2005 ya sake komawa Insurance, daga baya kuma ya koma Enyimba International F.C. a shekarar a 2006, bayan ya koma [[Dolphin FC (Nijeriya)|Dolphin FC]]. An bada aronshi zuwa ƙungiyar, [[Akwa United F.C.]] a 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.akwaunited.com/articles/arrest.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-date=2009-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519050006/http://www.akwaunited.com/articles/arrest.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2008 ya koma Enyimba. sannan daga baya ya taka leda a shekara ta 2009 a ƙungiyar Sharks of Port Harcourt Fatakwal. ==Ƙasashen duniya== Ya kasance memba na tawagar Najeriya a 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship a [[Netherland]] inda ya buga wasanni biyu. Ya kasance memba a tawagar Najeriya a 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship a [[Finland]], inda ya buga dukkanin wasannin kusa ukku. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005003226/http://de.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=200304/index.html FIFA] * [http://nigeriafootballleague.org/view_players.php?player_id=111 Player Profile]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1987]] iitf8tue1znau1bp4zn7lz9ntt3loiu 0 44501 840492 835638 2026-05-27T16:53:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Kaddour Beldjilali''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwambar 1988), [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Aljeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kai hari.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.footalgerien.com/mercato-beldjilali-sengage-club-de-d2-saoudien-de-bisha/ |title=Mercato : Beldjilali s’engage avec le club de D2 saoudienne de Bisha |website=footalgerien.com |date= 13 September 2021 |accessdate= 14 September 2021}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Beldjilali ya fara aikinsa a matsayin matashi na MC Oran kafin ya koma USM Blida sannan JS Saoura .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letempsdz.com/content/view/85794/1/|title=Transfert : trois clubs étrangers sur les traces de Beldjilali (JS Saoura), selon Zerouati|author=APS|publisher=Le Temps d'Algérie|language=French|date=February 15, 2013|accessdate=July 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811024803/http://www.letempsdz.com/content/view/85794/1/|archive-date=August 11, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan shekaru uku tare da JS Saoura, Beldjilali ya koma kulob ɗin [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] Étoile du Sahel, tare da 'yan Tunisiya suna biyan kuɗin canja wuri na € 360,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2014/07/08/transferts-kadour-beldjilali-file-a-les-sahel-48711.php|title=Kadour Beldjilali file à l’ES Sahel|author=Toufik O.|publisher=DZfoot|date=July 8, 2014|accessdate=July 28, 2014|language=French|archive-date=July 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720145728/http://www.dzfoot.com/2014/07/08/transferts-kadour-beldjilali-file-a-les-sahel-48711.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/article/detail?id=9825&titre=mca-beldjilali-dribble-le-mouloudia-et-opte-pour-letoile-du-sahel|title=Beldjilali dribble le Mouloudia et opte pour l’Etoile du Sahel|publisher=Le Buteur|author=KM|date=July 8, 2014|accessdate=July 28, 2014|language=French}}</ref>A cikin shekarar 2020, Beldjilali ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da [[ASO Chlef]] . [[File:Stade rennais vs USM Alger, July 16th 2016 - Meftah Beldjilali Gourcuff.jpg|thumb|Kaddour Beldjilali]] A ranar 15 ga watan Yunin 2022, Beldjilali ya shiga Al-Sadd .<ref>{{cite web |title=تعاقدت إدارة نادي السد برئاسة الأستاذ / عبدالله أحمد الخطيفي مع اللاعب الجزائري / قدور بلجيلالي |url=https://twitter.com/alsadd_club/status/1537144703522676737}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Stade rennais vs USM Alger, July 16th 2016 - Gourcuff Bellahcene Sylla.jpg|thumb]] A cikin watan Mayun 2013, Beldjilali ya kira tawagar ƙwallon ƙafar Aljeriya A' a karon farko domin buga wasan sada zumunci da Mauritania. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2013/05/17/en-a-la-liste-devoilee-10-joueurs-de-lusma-convoques-23462.php|title=EN A’ : La liste dévoilée, 10 joueurs de l’USMA convoqués !|author=Nabil A-O|publisher=DZfoot|language=French|date=May 17, 2013|accessdate=July 27, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223839/http://www.dzfoot.com/2013/05/17/en-a-la-liste-devoilee-10-joueurs-de-lusma-convoques-23462.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a wasan da Aljeriya ta samu nasara da ci 1-0, kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2013/05/26/chan-2014-amical-algerie-1-0-mauritanie-cest-bon-pour-le-moral-12496.php|title=Amical, Algérie 1-0 Mauritanie, c’est bon pour le moral|publisher=DZfoot|language=French|date=May 26, 2013|accessdate=July 27, 2014|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222317/http://www.dzfoot.com/2013/05/26/chan-2014-amical-algerie-1-0-mauritanie-cest-bon-pour-le-moral-12496.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Girmamawa == Tare da [[USM Alger]] : * Aljeriya Professionnelle 1 (1): 2015-16 * [[File:Stade rennais vs USM Alger, July 16th 2016 - Gourcuff Bellahcene Sylla.jpg|thumb|Kaddour Beldjilali]]Super Cup na Algeria (1): 2016 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Kaddour Beldjilali at DZFoot.com (in French) * {{Soccerway|kadour-beldjilali/265351}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] 03u9j0t6ccwt1zeyquhrzu6iw39j2u2 0 44788 840624 513385 2026-05-28T00:17:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kheïreddine Madoui''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Maris, 1977 a Sétif ), tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Aljeriya kuma mai sarrafa CS Constantine na yanzu .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lescore.dz/2022/03/01/csc-kheireddine-madoui-nouvel-entraineur/ |title=CSC: Kheïreddine Madoui nouvel entraîneur}}</ref> == Sana'a == A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, ya shafe dukan aikinsa tsakanin kulob ɗin garinsa na ES Sétif da CR Belouizdad . Ya kuma buga wasanni 12 da ƙwallaye 3 a [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|tawagar ƙasar Aljeriya]] . <ref>[http://dzfootball.free.fr/EN/Joueurs/fiche/Madoui-Kheireddine.html Kheireddine Madoui - خير الدين مداوي]; DZFootball.free.fr.</ref> A cikin shekarar 2005, dole ne ya ƙare aikinsa na aiki saboda mummunan rauni na ƙafa tare da shekaru 28 kawai. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, a lokacin bazara na 2010 ya zama mataimakin kocin kulob ɗin ES Sétif na garinsu, har sai da aka naɗa shi a matsayin kocin ƙungiyar a watan Disambar 2013. A cikin shekarar 2014, Madoui ya zama koci mafi karancin shekaru da ya jagoranci tawagarsa zuwa wasan karshe na gasar nahiyar Afirka bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ES Sétif zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin CAF na 2014 .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letempsdz.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=132140 |title=Madoui, le plus jeune entraîneur en finale continentale |author=LB |publisher=Le Temps d'Algérie |language=French |date=September 29, 2014 |access-date=October 5, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131333/http://www.letempsdz.com/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=132140 |archivedate=October 6, 2014 }}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Mayun 2015, Madoui ya sanar da cewa zai yi murabus a matsayin kocin ES Setif a karshen kakar wasa ta yanzu. A ranar 24 ga Mayun 2018, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar Ismaily SC ta sanar da Madoui a matsayin sabon koci, kwana guda bayan da tsohon koci Pedro Barny ya sanar da barin kungiyar. A ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, 2020, kulob ɗin Al-Khaleej na Saudiyya ya sanar da Madoui a matsayin sabon koci. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2020, kulob ɗin Al-Shoulla na Saudiyya ya sanar da Madoui a matsayin sabon koci.<ref>{{cite web |title=مضوي.. ابن سطيف |url=https://arriyadiyah.com/674285}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, Saudi Arabian club [[Al-Shoulla FC|Al-Shoulla]] announced Madoui as the new manager.<ref>{{cite web |title=مضوي مدرباً للشعلة |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/1846155 |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321215850/https://www.alriyadh.com/1846155 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 2021, MC Oran ya sanar Madoui a matsayin sabon manaja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2021/02/14/mco-kheireddine-madoui-nouvel-entraineur-198026.php|title=MCO : Kheireddine Madoui nouvel entraîneur|access-date=2023-03-21|archive-date=2021-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608110007/http://www.dzfoot.com/2021/02/14/mco-kheireddine-madoui-nouvel-entraineur-198026.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Girmamawa == === Mai gudanarwa === ; ES Setif * CAF Champions League (1): 2014 * Aljeriya Professionnelle 1 (2): 2014-15, 2016-17 * [[African Super Cup|CAF Super Cup]] (1): 2015 * Super Cup na Algeria (2): 2015, 2017 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Kheïreddine Madoui at DZFoot.com (in French) * [https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/92632-kheirredine-madoui Kheïreddine Madoui] at Footballdatabase [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1977]] 8kws0o5lp26vfrbmo2jtz4qimr84cez 0 46345 840599 416799 2026-05-27T22:23:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kebede Balcha''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 1951 - 10 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2018) ya kasance mai tseren gudun fanfalaki (Marathon runner) daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 1983 . Shi ne mai rikodi na yanzu na Marathon na kasa da kasa na Montreal tare da sa'o'i 2 da mintuna 10 da dakika 3 a cikin shekarar 1983.<ref>"Obituary – Ethiopian marathoner Kebede Balcha | Africathle" .</ref> A cikin shekarar 1999, ya nemi mafaka a garin [[Toronto]], inda ya rayu har mutuwarsa a shekarar 2018. <ref>"Kebebe Balcha" . Olympedia . OLYMadMen. Retrieved January 4, 2022.</ref> == Gasar kasa da kasa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{ETH}} |- |1979 |[[1979 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Dakar, Senegal]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:29:53 |- |1980 |[[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] |— |Marathon |[[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|DNF]] |- |1983 |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki, Finland]] |bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |Marathon |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's Marathon|2:10:27]] |- |1985 |[[African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Cairo, Egypt]] |bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |Marathon |[[1985 African Championships in Athletics|2:24:31]] |- |1987 |[[1987 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Nairobi, Kenya]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Marathon |[[Athletics at the 1987 All-Africa Games|2:16:07]] |} == tseren hanya == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |1977 |[[Athens Classic Marathon]] |[[Athens, Greece]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:14:40.8 |- |1979 |[[Montreal International Marathon]] |[[Montréal, Canada]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:11:35 |- |1981 |[[Montreal International Marathon]] |[[Montréal, Canada]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:11:11 |- |rowspan=3|1983 |[[Tokyo Marathon]] |[[Tokyo, Japan]] |6th |Marathon |2:12:07 |- |[[London Marathon]] |[[London, United Kingdom]] |4th |Marathon |2:11:32 |- |[[Montreal International Marathon]] |[[Montréal, Canada]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |'''2:10:03''' |- |1984 |[[Frankfurt Marathon]] |[[Frankfurt, Germany]] |bgcolor="silver"|2nd |Marathon |2:11:40 |- |rowspan=3|1985 |Tokyo Marathon |Tokyo, Japan |bgcolor="silver"|2nd |Marathon |2:12:01 |- |[[1985 World Marathon Cup]] |[[Hiroshima, Japan]] |11th |Marathon |2:11:19 |- |[[Montreal International Marathon]] |[[Montréal, Canada]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Marathon |2:12:39 |- |1986 |Tokyo Marathon |Tokyo, Japan |11th |Marathon |2:14:11 |- |rowspan=2|1988 |[[Rotterdam Marathon]] |[[Rotterdam, Netherlands]] |6th |Marathon |2:12:04 |- |[[Fukuoka Marathon]] |[[Fukuoka, Japan]] |10th |Marathon |2:12:55 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{World Athletics|id=20740}} *   * [https://www.arrs.run/HP_MonMa.htm Montreal International Marathon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328145041/https://arrs.run/HP_MonMa.htm |date=2023-03-28 }} [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] qrgbds7sspwzctfysnrp8kagxnf2pew 0 47919 840558 642921 2026-05-27T19:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sino-Indian_Geography.png|right|thumb|330x330px|[[Sin|China]] da [[Indiya]] suna da yawan jama'a biyu mafi girma a duniya, kuma ana sa ran za su bunƙasa cikin sauri a tattalin arziki.]] '''Ƙarnin Asiya''' shine ƙaddamar da rinjaye na ƙarni na 21 na siyasar yanki Asiya da al'adu, yana kuma zaton wasu yanayin jama'a da tattalin arziƙi sun ci gaba. Ma'anar ƙarni na Asiya ya yi dai-dai da halin ƙarni na 19 a matsayin ƙarni na Burtaniya, da kuma ƙarni na 20 a matsayin ƙarni ya Amurka. Binciken da [[Bankin Cigaban Asiya|Bankin]] Raya Asiya ya yi a shekarar 2011 ya gano cewa ƴan Asiya biliyan 3 (don haka 56.6% na kimanin mazauna Asiya biliyan 5.3 a shekarar 2050) na iya jin daɗin yanayin rayuwa kamar na Turai a yau, kuma yaƙin na iya lissafin sama da rabin fitarwa na duniya a tsakiyar wannan ƙarni.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.adb.org/publications/asia-2050-realizing-asian-century |title=Asia 2050: Realizing the Asian Century &#124; Asian Development Bank |publisher=Adb.org |date=26 March 2012 |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> Girman muhimmancin da kuma jaddada hadin kai a Asiya, da kuma balaga da ci gaba da dangantaka tsakanin kasashe a yankin ya kara karfafa kirkirar karni na 21 na Asiya.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM Yıldırım calls Asian countries on cooperation against terrorism|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2017/11/23/pm-yildirim-calls-asian-countries-on-cooperation-against-terrorism|work=DailySabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Regional cooperation and integration benefits Asia and Pacific – Shamshad Akhtar|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/what-you-think/article/regional-cooperation-and-integration-benefits-asia-and-pacific-shamshad-akh#Ok6EO3WtXq52Gxf8.97|date=23 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Momentum for improving Japan-China relations {{!}} The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/11/14/editorials/momentum-improving-japan-china-relations/|work=The Japan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=South Korea, China foreign ministries encourage strong ties|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2017/11/22/south-korea-china-foreign-ministries-encourage-strong-ties|work=DailySabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glaser|first1=Bonnie S.|title=China's Rapprochement With South Korea|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2017-11-07/chinas-rapprochement-south-korea|work=Foreign Affairs|date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=China, Asean to formulate strategic partnership vision towards 2030|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/china-asean-to-formulate-strategic-partnership-vision-towards-2030|work=The Straits Times|date=13 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> == Asali == A cikin shekarar 1924, Karl Haushofer ya yi amfani da kalmar "zamanin Pacific,"<ref>Cited in [[Hans Weigert]], "Haushofer and the Pacific," ''Foreign Affairs'', 20/4, (1942): p 735.</ref> yana la'akari da ci gaban [[Japan]], China da Indiya: "Babban sararin samaniya yana fadada a gaban idanunmu tare da dakarun da ke zubowa a ciki wanda ... yana jiran fitowar zamanin Pacific, magajin zamanin Atlantic, zamanin Mediterranean da Turai. " Maganar Asian Century ta taso ne a tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980, kuma an danganta ta ne ga wani taron da aka yi a shekarar 1988 tare da shugaban Paramount Deng Xiaoping na kasar Sin da Firayim Minista Rajiv Gandhi na Indiya inda Deng ya ce '[i]n ƴan shekarun nan mutane suna cewa ƙarni na gaba zai zama karni na Asiya da Pacific, kamar dai hakan zai kasance. Ban yarda da wannan ra'ayi ba.' Kafin wannan, ya bayyana a cikin Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka na 1985 kan sauraron Harkokin Ƙasashen Waje.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDTn49nu1pwC&q=%22asian+century%22+date:0-1990 |title=Security and Development Assistance |access-date=28 July 2012|year=1985 }}</ref> Shugabannin siyasa na Asiya sun sake tabbatar da shi, kuma yanzu lokaci ne da aka fi amfani da shi a kafofin watsa labarai. == Dalilai == Kyakkyawan aikin tattalin arziƙin Asiya a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata a shekarar 2010, idan aka kwatanta da wannan a sauran duniya, ya sanya watakila mafi karfi har yanzu don yiwuwar karni na Asiya. Kodayake an gane wannan bambanci a cikin aikin tattalin arziki na ɗan lokaci, takamaiman koma baya na mutum (misali, rikicin kudi na Asiya na 1997) ya ɓoye yaduwar yaduwar da kuma yanayin gaba ɗaya. A farkon karni na 21, duk da haka, za a iya yin shari'a mai karfi cewa wannan aikin Asiya mai karfi ba kawai mai dorewa ba ne amma yana da karfi da girman da zai iya canza rarraba iko a duniya. Da yake zuwa a cikin farkawarsa, jagorancin duniya a cikin manyan fannoni na diflomasiyya na kasa da kasa, ƙarfin soja, fasaha, da ƙarfin taushi kuma, a sakamakon haka, ɗayan ko fiye daga cikin jihohin Asiya za su ɗauka. Daga cikin malamai da yawa sun ba da abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Asiya mai mahimmanci, Kishore Mahbubani ya ba da ginshiƙai bakwai waɗanda suka sa ƙasashen Asiya su yi fice kuma sun ba da kansu damar zama masu jituwa da takwarorinsu na Yamma. Ginshiƙai bakwai sun haɗa da: tattalin arzikin kasuwa kyauta, kimiyya da fasaha, meritocracy, pragmatism, al'adun zaman lafiya, mulkin doka da ilimi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mahbubani|first=Kishore|title=The New Asian Hemisphere: The irresistible shift of global power to the east|year=2008|publisher=Public Affairs|pages=51–99}}</ref> Farfesa John West a cikin littafinsa 'Asian Century ... on a Knife-edge' ''ya'' yi jayayya:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/review-asia-knife-edge|title=Review: Asia on a knife-edge|website=lowyinstitute.org|language=en|access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref> "A cikin karni na ashirin da daya, Indiya kuma za ta iya fitowa a matsayin babbar iko ta Asiya. Tunanin, tattalin arzikin Indiya yana girma da sauri fiye da China, yanayin da zai iya ci gaba, sai dai idan China ta yi tsanani game da sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari, yawan mutanen Indiya za su wuce China a cikin shekarar 2022 kuma za su iya zama kusan kashi 50% sama da 2100, a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thekootneeti.in/2018/04/25/asian-century-knife-edge-book/|title=The Asian Century Could Belong to India {{!}} Asian Century on a Knife-edge|date=25 April 2018|website=The Kootneeti|language=en-US|access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019 Farfesa Chris Ogden, Malami a cikin Tsaro na Asiya a Jami'ar St Andrews, ya rubuta cewa, "Ko da yake har yanzu a baya dangane da samun kudin shiga na kowane mutum da ababen more rayuwa, yayin da wannan dukiya ke fassara zuwa tasirin soja, siyasa, da kuma hukumomi (ta hanyar hukumomi kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sabon Bankin Zuba Jari na Asiya), manyan iko guda biyu za su sami tsakiya da muhimmancin tsarin da zai sa su zama masu mahimmanci a duniya. Jama'a masu sa ran da shugabannin murya suna hanzarta da kuma tallafawa wannan mahimmancin, kuma idan za'a iya shawo kan batutuwan da suka shafi gurɓata muhalli da cin hanci da rashawa da fitowar Asiya-tsakiya, da China / Indiya-tsakiya-tsakiya na duniya wanda zai zama muhimmin tushe na al'amuran kasa da kasa na shekaru da yawa masu zuwa.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ogden|first=Chris|title=China and India Set to Dominate the 21st Century|date=19 October 2019|work=Oxford Reference blog|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/newsitem/229/china-and-india-set-to-dominate-the-21st-century|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201020160320/https://www.oxfordreference.com/newsitem/229/china-and-india-set-to-dominate-the-21st-century|archive-date=20 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Yawan jama'a === Ana kuma sa ran ci gaban yawan jama'a a Asiya zai ci gaba har zuwa akalla rabin farkon karni na 21, kodayake ya ragu sosai tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20. A cikin mutane biliyan huɗu a farkon karni na 21, an yi hasashen yawan mutanen Asiya zai karu zuwa sama da biliyan biyar nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/datafind/prjprbdata/wcprbdata7.asp?DW=DR&SL=&SA=1 Search Results] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430164404/http://www.prb.org/datafind/prjprbdata/wcprbdata7.asp?DW=DR&SL=&SA=1 |date=30 April 2008 }}</ref> Duk da yake ba a sa ran kashi na yawan jama'ar duniya su canza sosai, ana sa ran hannun jarin Arewacin Amurka da Turai na yawan jama-ar duniya za su ragu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth Population Growth and Distribution |url=http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Population_Growth/Population_Growth.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220191024/http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Population_Growth/Population_Growth.htm}}</ref> === Tattalin Arziki === [[File:Share_of_Global_GDP.gif|left|thumb|300x300px|Gudummawar duniya ga GDP na duniya ta manyan tattalin arziƙi daga 1 AD zuwa 2003 AD bisa ga ƙididdigar Angus Maddison. Kafin karni na 18, China da Indiya sun kasance manyan tattalin arziƙi guda biyu ta hanyar fitar da GDP.]] [[File:Project_GDP_of_China,_United_States,_India,_Indonesia,_Japan,_Germany_and_Mexico_to_2050_in_trillion_$US_(2012_PPP).png|thumb|GDP da aka tsara na manyan tattalin arziƙi 7 a cikin 2050]] [[File:Share_of_global_GDP_projected_to_2050.png|thumb|Kasuwancin da aka tsara na GDP na duniya ta yanki zuwa 2050]] [[File:Shanghai_-_Nanjing_Road.jpeg|right|thumb|200x200px|Ɗaya daga cikin titunan cin kasuwa mafi yawan jama'a a duniya, Nanjing Road a Shanghai, misali ne na ci gaban tattalin arziki a kasar Sin, da kuma manyan masu amfani da ita.]] [[File:Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg|right|thumb|200x200px|Yawan mutanen Indiya na tsakiya na miliyan 300 yana ƙaruwa a shekara-shekara na 5%.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Keillor|2007}}</ref> An nuna a nan wani yanki ne mai daraja a Kudancin Mumbai.]] Babban sanadin shine ci gaba da ci gaban yawan aiki a Asiya, musamman a China da Indiya, yayin da kuma yanayin rayuwa ke tashi. Ko da ba tare da haɗuwa gaba ɗaya da yanayin rayuwa na Turai ko Arewacin Amurka ba, Asiya na iya samar da rabin GDP na duniya nan da shekara ta 2050. Wannan babban canji ne idan aka kwatanta da yakin sanyi na gaba, lokacin da Arewacin Amurka da Turai suka haɗu sun samar da rabin GDP na duniya. Wani binciken da Bankin Raya Asiya ya yi a shekarar 2011 ya bayyana cewa: "Ta hanyar kusan ninka rabonsa na kudaden cikin gida na duniya (GDP) zuwa kashi 52 cikin dari nan da shekara ta 2050, Asiya za ta sake samun matsayi na tattalin arziki da ta rike kimanin shekaru 300 da suka gabata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/asia2050-executive-summary.pdf |title=Asia 2050: Realizing the Asian Century |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> Tunanin ƙarnin Asiya ya ɗauka cewa tattalin arzikin Asiya na iya ci gaba da bunkasa su har tsawon shekaru 40, daidaitawa da sauya yanayin tattalin arziki da fasaha na duniya, kuma ci gaba da sake farfado da fa'idodi masu fa'ida. A cikin wannan yanayin, bisa ga samfurin shekarar 2011 da Bankin Ci Gaban Asiya ya yi GDP na Asiya zai karu daga dala tiriliyan 17 a cikin shekarar 2010 zuwa dala tiriliyar 174 a cikin shekarar 2050, ko rabin GDP na duniya. A cikin wannan binciken, Bankin Ci Gaban Asiya ya kiyasta cewa tattalin arziki bakwai (China, Indiya, Indonesia, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Thailand, Malaysia) za su jagoranci ci gaban wutar lantarki na Asiya; a karkashin yanayin karni na Asiya, yankin ba zai sami kasashe matalauta ba, idan aka kwatanta da takwas a cikin 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/asia2050-executive-summary.pdf |title=Asian 2050: Realizing the Asian Century |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka sake fasalin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin a ƙarshen shekarun 1970s (a cikin mallakar gonaki) da farkon shekarun 1990s (a mafi yawan birane), tattalin arzikin China ya ji daɗin shekaru talatin na ci gaban tattalin arziki tsakanin 8 da 10%. Tattalin arzikin Indiya ya fara irin wannan ko da yake a hankali a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ya kai kimanin 4% a wannan lokacin, kodayake ya karu dan kadan sama da 8% a shekara ta 2005, kuma ya buga 9.2% a shekara ta 2006 kafin ya ragu zuwa 6% a shekara ta 2009, sannan ya kai 8.9% a shekara ta 2010. Dukkanin waɗannan ci gaba sun haɗa da manufofi na matakin gudanar da ƴanci na tattalin arziki da kuma juyawa daga waje daga tattalin arziƙi zuwa ga duniya (duka fitarwa da jan hankalin saka hannun jari na ciki). Girman wannan ƴanci da duniya har yanzu suna cikin muhawara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chinadigitaltimes.net/china/economic-growth-rates/ |title=Tag: economic growth rates |work=China Digital Times |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> Sun kasance wani ɓangare na yanke shawara mai kyau daga manyan shugabannin siyasa, musamman a Indiya da PRC. Har ila yau Kuma, yawan mutanen kasashen biyu suna ba da damar kasuwa sama da biliyan biyu da kwata. Ci gaban kasuwar masu amfani da ciki a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe biyu ya kasance babban tushe ga ci gaban tattalin arziki. Wannan ya ba da damar haɓaka ƙasa mafi girma ga China da Indiya idan aka kwatanta da Japan, EU har ma da Amurka. Fa'idar farashin kasa da kasa akan kayayyaki da aiyuka, bisa ga farashin ma'aikata mai rahusa, ya ba waɗannan ƙasashe biyu damar yin matsin lamba na duniya. An yi amfani da kalmar Easternization don komawa ga yaduwar dabarun gudanarwa na gabas (musamman Jafananci) zuwa Yamma.<ref>Raffin, Anne, "Easternization Meets Westernization: Patriotic Youth Organizations in French Indochina during World War 2"</ref><ref>Kaplinsky, Raphael, Easternization: The spread of Japanese Management Techniques to Developing Countries</ref><ref>Kwang-Kuo Hwang, Easternization: Socio-cultural Impact on Productivity</ref> Halin da ya fi girma a tattalin arzikin Asiya ya kuma dogara ne akan karin abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin tattalin arziki na baya-bayan nan. Goldman Sachs, a cikin hasashen tattalin arzikin BRIC, ya nuna halin da ake ciki zuwa kasar Sin ta zama mafi girma kuma Indiya ta zama ta biyu mafi girma a cikin shekara ta 2050 dangane da GDP. Rahoton ya kuma yi hasashen irin masana'antar da kowace ƙasa za ta mamaye, wanda ya jagoranci wasu su dauki kasar Sin a matsayin 'tafiyar masana'antu ta duniya' da Indiya 'ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin sabis'.<ref>David, Jacques-Henri. "[http://www.watchingamerica.com/lefigaro000043.html In 2020, America Will Still Dominate Global Economy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220511/http://www.watchingamerica.com/lefigaro000043.html |date=2016-03-03 }}", ''Le Figaro'', 25 August 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2006.</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, yawancin ƙasashen da ake la'akari da sababbin masana'antu suna cikin Asiya. Zuwa 2050, tattalin arzikin Gabashin Asiya da Kudancin Asiya zai karu da fiye da sau 20. Tare da wannan ya zo da hauhawar Ci gaban Dan Adam, alamar da aka yi amfani da ita don auna yanayin rayuwa. HDI ta Indiya za ta kusanci .8. Gabashin Asiya zai kusanci .94 ko kusa da yanayin rayuwa na kasashen yamma kamar EU da Amurka. Wannan yana nufin cewa zai zama da wahala a tantance bambancin dukiyar biyun. Saboda yawan mutanen Gabashin Asiya da Indiya, tattalin arzikin su zai kasance babba sosai, kuma idan yanayin yanzu ya ci gaba, yawan mutanen Indiya na dogon lokaci na iya kusantar ninki biyu na China. Gabashin Asiya na iya wuce tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin da aka hada a farkon shekarar 2030. Kudancin Asiya na iya biyo baya nan ba da daɗewa ba idan daruruwan miliyoyin da ke cikin talauci suka ci gaba da ɗagawa zuwa matsakaicin aji. ==== Ayyukan gini ==== [[File:Taipei_101_and_Taipei_Nan_Shan_Plaza.jpg|right|thumb|223x223px|Ginin Taipei 101 a [[Taipei]], Taiwan, wanda shine gini mafi tsayi a duniya daga 2004 zuwa 2010]] An yi hasashen cewa ayyukan gine-gine mafi girma za su faru a Asiya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A matsayin alama ce ta ikon tattalin arziki, an gina manyan gine-gine a Asiya, kuma a halin yanzu ana daukar karin ayyuka kuma ana fara su a Asiya fiye da kowane yanki na duniya. Ayyukan da aka kammala sun haɗa da: Hasumiyar Petronas ta [[Kuala Lumpur]], Cibiyar Kudi ta Duniya ta [[Shanghai]], Cibiyar Kula da Kudi ta Duniya a Hong Kong, Taipei 101 a Taiwan, [[Burj Khalifa]] a [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]], da Hasumiyar Shanghai. Gine-gine na gaba sun yi alƙawarin zama mafi tsayi, kamar PNB 118 a Kuala Lumpur da Legacy Tower a Dhaka. === Al'adu === A al'adu, karni na Asiya ana nuna shi da fina-finai na Indiya (Bollywood, Parallel Cinema), fina-ffinai na Hong Kong (finai na zane-zane, fina-fakin wasan kwaikwayo na Hong Kong), wasan kwaikwayo na Japan, da Koriya Wave . Sanin al'adun Asiya na iya zama wani ɓangare na duniyar da ta fi sanin al'adu, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin rubutun Clash of Civilizations . Hakazalika, tabbatar da al'adun Asiya yana shafar siyasar asalin Asiya a Asiya da waje a cikin Asiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianamericanalliance.com/Culture-of-Asia.html |title=Culture of Asia – Music, Art and Language |publisher=Asianamericanalliance.com |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> Gross National Cool na Japan yana tashi; kayayyakin al'adun Japan, gami da shirye-shiryen talabijin, tabbas suna "a" tsakanin masu sauraron Amurka kuma sun kasance shekaru da yawa. Kimanin mutane miliyan 2.3 sun yi nazarin yaren a duk duniya a shekara ta 2003: Koriya ta Kudu 900,000, Sinawa 389,000, Ostiraliya 381,000, da Amurkawa 140,000 suna nazarin Jafananci a ƙananan cibiyoyin ilimi da mafi girma.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leach |first=Emily |url=http://www.asianweek.com/2008/09/13/cool-japan-why-japanese-remakes-are-so-popular-on-american-tv-and-where-we%E2%80%99re-getting-it-wrong/ |title=Cool Japan: Why Japanese remakes are so popular on American TV, and where we're getting it wrong |publisher=Asianweek.com |access-date=28 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915232726/http://www.asianweek.com/2008/09/13/cool-japan-why-japanese-remakes-are-so-popular-on-american-tv-and-where-we%E2%80%99re-getting-it-wrong/ |archive-date=15 September 2008 }}</ref> Littattafan Feng shui sun fi girma a cikin jerin sunayen mafi kyawun sayar da littattafai kuma makarantun feng shui sun ninka. Manyan bankunan da kamfanoni masu yawa suna amfani da masu ba da shawara na feng shui don ba su shawara game da shirya ofisoshin su. An kasance shirye-shiryen karawa ga nau'ikan maganin Gabas, magani, da tausa da kuma ƙin maganin gargajiya na Yammacin Turai don tallafawa dabaru, kamar acupressure da acupuncture. Ayyuka irin su moxibustion da shiatsu suna jin daɗin shahara sosai a Yamma.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 19</ref> Haka kuma kusan dukkanin zane-zane na Gabas, kamar kung fu, judo, karate, aikido, taekwondo, kendo, jujitsu, tai chi, qigong, ba gua, da xing yi, tare da makarantun da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 20</ref> Abinci na Asiya ya shahara sosai a Yamma saboda shige da fice na Asiya da kuma sha'awar da ba ƴan Asiya ba suka shiga cikin sinadaran Asiya da abinci. Ko da ƙananan garuruwa a Burtaniya, Kanada, Scandinavia, ko Amurka gabaɗaya suna da akalla gidan cin abinci na Indiya ko na kasar Sin guda ɗaya.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 21</ref> Gidajen cin abinci da ke ba da abinci na Asiya da Asiya sun buɗe a duk faɗin Arewacin Amurka, Ostiraliya da sauran sassan duniya. Ana samun P.F. Chang's China Bistro da Pei Wei Asian Diner waɗanda ke ba da abinci na Asiya da Asiya a duk faɗin Amurka kuma game da tsohon, a wasu sassan duniya. An kuma ƙaddamar da samfuran abinci na Asiya ciki har da daga alamar noodle, Maggi. A Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Ireland da Burtaniya wani nau'in noodles na Asiya da aka sani da ''Maggi Fusian'' da kuma dogon lokaci a Jamus da [[Austriya|Austria]] da aka sani, ''Maggi Magic Asia'' ya haɗa da nau'ikan noodles da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar abincin abinci da aka samo a China, Japan, Koriya, Indiya, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia da Thailand. Yoga ya sami karbuwa a waje da Indiya da sauran Asiya kuma ya shiga al'adun gargajiya a Yammacin duniya. Kodayake amfani da Turanci yana ci gaba da yaɗuwa, harsunan Asiya suna zama sanannun koyarwa da karatu a waje da nahiyar. Nazarin Sinanci kwanan nan ya sami kulawa sosai a Amurka, saboda karuwar imani da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na sanin shi.<ref>Paulson, Amanda. "[http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1108/p02s01-ussc.html Next hot language to study: Chinese]", ''The Christian Science Monitor'', 8 November 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2006.</ref> Ana ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar goyon bayan PRC ga Cibiyoyin Confucius, waɗanda suka buɗe a ƙasashe da yawa don koyar da harshen Sinanci da al'adun. An ƙiyasta Sinanci a matsayin harshen na biyu da aka fi amfani da shi a intanet tare da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu da ke magana da Sinanci, Jafananci ya zo na huɗu, kuma Koriya a matsayin na goma tun daga shekara ta 2010. A cewar CIA, kasar Sin ta ɗauki baƙuncin mafi yawan masu amfani, Indiya ta uku, Japan ta shida, kuma Indonesia ta goma a shekarar 2020. Indiya tana da masana'antar fina-finai mafi girma a duniya, kuma masana'antar fim ta Indiya tana samar da fina-fakka da yawa fiye da [[Sinima a Najeriya|Nollywood]] da Hollywood. A farkon shekarun ƙarni na ashirin mutane ƙalilan ne masu cin ganyayyaki. Adadin da aka bayar ga Ƙasar Ingila a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 2 ya kasance 100,000 daga cikin yawan mutane miliyan 50 kusan kashi 0.2 cikin dari na jimlar. A cikin shekarun 1990 an kiyasta adadi tsakanin kashi 4.2 da kashi 11 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Burtaniya kuma yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Kamar yadda Porritt da Winner suka lura, a kwanan nan a cikin shekarun 1960 da farkon '70s, "an ɗauki kasancewa mai cin ganyayyaki a matsayin mai ban mamaki," amma "yanzu yana da daraja da kuma wuri na kowa".<ref>Colin Campbell, "Easternization of the West" p. 80</ref> Yaɗuwar guguwar Koriya, musamman K-pop da wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya, a waje da Asiya ya haifar da kafa ayyuka don ci gaba da wannan bukatar. Viki da DramaFever misalai ne na ayyukan da ke ba da wasan kwaikwayo na Koriya ga masu kallo na duniya tare da sauran abubuwan Asiya. SBS PopAsia da Asian Pop Radio sabis ne na kiɗa guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da rediyo waɗanda ke yada yaduwar K-pop a duk faɗin Ostiraliya. Baya ga K-pop, Rediyon Pop na Asiya ya kuma sadaukar da kansa ga sauran kiɗa na gargajiya na Asiya wanda ya samo asali daga Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, Malaysia da Singapore. Hakazalika, SBS PopAsia tana mai da hankali kan wasu kiɗa na gabashin Asiya daga China da Japan da kuma har zuwa wani matakin kiɗa na kudu maso gabashin Asiya tare da K-pop. Karin shahararren abubuwan da suka shafi Asiya ya haifar da "SBS PopAsia" ya zama sunan alama ga abubuwan SBS kamar shirye-shiryen talabijin da labarai da suka samo asali daga Asiya kamar China, Koriya ta Kudu, Japan da Indiya. Ƙarin wayar da kan jama'a da kuma shahararren al'adun Gabas da falsafanci a Yamma ya haifar da sayar da kayan al'adun gabas a waɗannan ƙasashe. Mafi sanannun siffofin Buddha waɗanda suka fito daga siffofin da aka sayar don lambun zuwa abubuwan da aka sayar wa gidan. Ana kuma sayar da siffofi na alloli na Hindu kamar Ganesha da siffofin Gabashin Asiya kamar Yin da yang a shagunan da yawa a kasashen Yamma. Ishka wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Ostiraliya yana sayar da abubuwa da yawa na asalin Asiya musamman daga Indiya. Sayar da kayan al'adu na Gabas duk da haka an fuskanci zargi, tare da wasu suna cewa mutane da yawa da suka sayi waɗannan abubuwa ba su fahimci muhimmancin su ba kuma cewa wani nau'i ne na Gabas. === Addini === Kwanan nan a cikin shekarun 1950, Crane Brinton, masanin tarihin ra'ayoyi, na iya watsar da "ƙungiyoyin zamani da ke kira ga hikimar Gabas" a matsayin "ƙungiya", "marginal", da kuma "a waje da babban halin yanzu na tunanin Yamma da jin".<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 29</ref> Duk da haka wasu mutanen Yamma sun tuba zuwa addinan Gabas ko aƙalla sun nuna sha'awar su. Misali shine Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, wanda [[The Beatles|Beatles]] suka bi, na farko zuwa Bangor a Wales a 1967, sannan zuwa Indiya don nazarin Transcendental Meditation a 1968. Dalai Lama, wanda littafinsa The Art of Happiness ya zama mafi kyawun sayarwa, na iya jawo hankalin jama'a a Central Park na New York ko Wembley Stadium na London.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 23</ref> Buddha a wasu ƙasashe shine [[Buddha|addini]] na biyu mafi girma. FWBO tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin Buddha masu saurin haɓaka a Yamma.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" p. 25</ref> Bangaskiya ga reincarnation bai taɓa kasancewa wani ɓangare na koyarwar Kirista ko Yahudawa ba, ko aƙalla, a cikin Kristanci, ya kasance ridda ce ta musamman tun lokacin da aka ƙi shi da ƙarancin gefe a Majalisar Constantinople ta Biyu a AD 553.<ref>Weatherhead, Leslie D., The Christian Agnostic</ref> Koyaya kusan dukkanin kuri'u a kasashen Yammacin Turai sun nuna mahimman matakan wannan imani. "Mutanen da suka rikice" da aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 1940 sun nuna cewa kashi 4 cikin 100 ne kawai na mutanen Burtaniya suka yi imani da sake haihuwa. Binciken Geoffrey Gorer, wanda aka gudanar bayan 'yan shekaru, ya kai kashi 5 cikin dari (1955, shafi na 262). Koyaya, wannan adadi ya kai kashi 18 cikin dari a shekara ta 1967 (Gallup, 1993), kawai don ƙarawa zuwa kashi 29 cikin dari a shekarar 1979, ƙaruwa mai kyau sau shida akan adadi na "Mutanen da ba a fahimta ba" na baya. Eileen Barker ta ba da rahoton cewa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na Turawa yanzu suna cewa sun yi imani da sake haihuwa.<ref>Colin Campbell, Easternization of the West" pp. 72–73</ref> [[Karma]], wanda ya samo asali ne a tsohuwar Indiya kuma yana da mahimmancin ra'ayi a cikin addinin Hindu, Buddha da sauran addinan Gabas, ya shiga cikin lamirin al'adu na mutane da yawa a Yammacin duniya. John Lennon na 1970 guda, "Instant Karma!" an yaba shi ga yaduwar ''karma'' a kasashen Yamma kuma yanzu sananne ne kuma sananne ne a yau wanda ke haifar da maganganu da memes da kuma adadi a wasu nau'ikan al'adun Yamma. Mindfulness da tunani na Buddha, dukansu sun shahara sosai a Asiya, sun sami karbuwa a Yamma. === Siyasa === [[File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Ana sauke kaya na jirgin kwantena daga Gabashin Asiya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Jawaharlal Nehru a Navi Mumbai, Indiya. Ƙara hadin tattalin arziki na ƙasashen Asiya ya kuma kawo su kusa da siyasa.]] Matsayin siyasa na duniya na kasar Sin da kuma karamin Indiya sun tashi a cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da kuma tsakanin manyan kasashen duniya, wanda ya jagoranci Amurka da [[Tarayyar Turai]] su zama masu aiki sosai a cikin aiwatar da haɗin gwiwa tare da waɗannan ƙasashe biyu.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3679968.stm | work=BBC News | title=Analysis: India's Security Council seat bid | date=22 September 2004 | access-date=25 April 2010 | first=Ethirajan | last=Anbarasan}}</ref> Har ila yau, kasar Sin memba ce ta dindindin a Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46196-2005Mar18.html?nav=rss_politics | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=U.S. to Back Japan Security Council Bid | first=Glenn | last=Kessler | date=18 March 2005 | access-date=25 April 2010}}</ref> Kodayake Indiya ba memba ne na dindindin ba, yana yiwuwa zai zama ɗaya ko aƙalla samun matsayi mafi tasiri. Japan kuma tana ƙoƙarin zama memba na dindindin, kodayake ƙoƙarin su biyu suna adawa da wasu ƙasashen Asiya (watau Pakistan ta yi tsayayya da shirin Indiya; China, Koriya ta Kudu, Koriya da Koriya ta Arewa sun yi tsayayyar da shirin Japan.<ref>{{cite book|author=Reinhard Drifte|title=Japan's Quest For A Permanent Security Council Seat: A Matter of Pride Or Justice?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQmxq0olW4AC&pg=PA151|year=2000|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-22847-7|page=151}}</ref> Za a iya ci gaba da bunkasa rukunin yanki na Asiya a cikin karni na 21 a kusa da ASEAN da sauran hukumomi bisa yarjejeniyar cinikayya kyauta. Koyaya, akwai wasu damuwa na siyasa tsakanin shugabannin ƙasa na ƙasashe daban-daban na Asiya game da burin PRC a yankin. Wata sabuwar kungiya, Taron Gabashin Asiya, na iya ƙirƙirar yankin kasuwanci na EU.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4524214.stm | work=BBC News | title=Asian powers reach for new community | date=14 December 2005 | access-date=25 April 2010 | first=Sarah | last=Buckley}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Rasha Yevgeny Primakov ya karfafa ra'ayin kawance uku tsakanin Rasha,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/nation/story_7021867.asp | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919003848/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/nation/story_7021867.asp | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 September 2012 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | first=Jehangir S. | last=Pocha | title=China and US in trophy tug of war | date=19 November 2006}}</ref> PRC da Indiya wanda masanin dabarun Indiya Madhav Das Nalapat ya fara tsarawa a 1983, kuma ya goyi bayan ra'ayin duniya mai yawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asianaffairs.com/jan2003/diplomacy.htm |title= Russia-China-India: A Strategic Triangle|publisher=Asianaffairs.com |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030509144254/http://asianaffairs.com/jan2003/diplomacy.htm|archive-date = 9 May 2003|first = T. T.|last = Poulose}}</ref> === Babban Birnin Ɗan Adam === Rahoton Bankin Duniya na 2007 game da duniya ya lura cewa "haɓaka matakan ilimi ma suna da mahimmanci, suna haɓaka ci gaban Asiya a matsakaici da kashi 0.75 zuwa kashi 2".<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Economic Prospects: Managing the next wave of globalization|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/12/06/000112742_20061206155022/Rendered/PDF/381400GEP2007.pdf|publisher=World Bank|access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> Saurin fadada babban birnin ɗan adam ta hanyar ilimi mai inganci a duk faɗin Asiya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fuskantar "mafi girman tsammanin rayuwa da ci gaban tattalin arziki, har ma da ingancin cibiyoyin da kuma ko al'ummomi za su yi canji zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya na zamani".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Asian Century Will Be Built on Human Capital|url=http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/04/03/the-asian-century-will-be-built-on-human-capital/|publisher=East Asia Forum|access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref> === 3G (Janareto na Girma na Duniya) === Ƙasashen Asiya da ke da mafi kyawun damar ci gaba sune: Bangladesh, China, Indiya, Indonesia, Iraki, Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka da Vietnam. Ci gaban Asiya ana sa ran zama yankin da ya fi girma har zuwa 2050, wanda yawan jama'a da ci gaban samun kudin shiga suka haifar:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sme.com.ph/sme-news/news.php?newsid%3D2324 |title=Philippine potential cited |access-date=1 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424124759/https://www.sme.com.ph/sme-news/news.php?newsid=2324 |archive-date=24 April 2011 }}</ref> 9 daga cikin ƙasashe 11 na 3G sun fito ne daga Asiya. Vietnam tana da mafi girman Global Growth Generators Index, China ta kasance ta biyu tare da 0.81, sannan Indiya ta biyo baya 0.71.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/National/2011/3/90136/ |title=Citigroup: Vietnam holds world's highest potential – 3G concept |access-date=22 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309073113/http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/National/2011/3/90136/ |archive-date=9 March 2011 }}</ref> Dangane da wani rahoto daga HSBC Trade Confidence Index (TCI) da HSBC Trade Forecast, akwai kasashe 4 da ke da ci gaban cinikayya mai mahimmanci Masar, Indiya, Vietnam da Indonesia tare da ci gaban an yi hasashen ya kai akalla kashi 7.3 cikin ɗari a kowace shekara har zuwa 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/76753/indonesia-fourth-in-worlds-trade-volume-growth |title=Indonesia fourth in world's trade volume growth |date=20 October 2011}}</ref> === Na gaba goma sha ɗaya === Kasashe goma sha ɗaya '''na gaba''' (wanda aka fi sani da lambar '''N-11''') sune ƙasashe goma sha daya [[Bangladesh]], Masar, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], [[Najeriya]], [[Pakistan]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Turkiyya]], [[Koriya ta Kudu]], da [[Vietnam]] waɗanda bankin saka hannun jari na Goldman Sachs da masanin tattalin arziki Jim O'Neill suka gano a cikin takardar bincike kamar suna da babban damar zama, tare da BRICs / BRICS, tattalin arzikin duniya mafi girma a karni na 21. Bankin ya zaɓi waɗannan jihohin, duk suna da kyakkyawan ra'ayi don saka hannun jari da ci gaban gaba, a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2005. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, manyan ƙasashe huɗu (Mexico, Indonesia, Najeriya da Turkiyya) wanda aka fi sani da [[MINT (tattalin arziki)|MINT]], sun kai kashi 73 cikin dari na duk GDP na goma sha ɗaya na gaba. BRIC GDP ya kasance dala tiriliyan 13.5, yayin da MIKT GDP a kusan kashi 30 cikin dari na wannan: dala tiriliyon 3.9.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=256538:indonesia-negara-jagoan-masa-depan&catid=77:fokusutama&Itemid=131 |title=Indonesia negara jagoan masa depan |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827174435/http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=256538:indonesia-negara-jagoan-masa-depan&catid=77:fokusutama&Itemid=131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙalubale ga fahimtar karni na Asiya == Ba a tabbatar da ci gaban Asiya ba. Shugabanninta za su gudanar da haɗari da ƙalubale da yawa, musamman: * Rashin daidaito a cikin ƙasashe, inda wadata da dama ke ƙuntata ga manyan matakan. Wannan na iya lalata haɗin kai da kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa. * Kasashe da yawa na Asiya ba za su iya yin saka hannun jari da ake bukata a cikin ababen more rayuwa ba, ilimi da manufofin gwamnati waɗanda za su taimaka musu su guje wa tarkon matsakaicin kudin shiga. * Gasar da ta yi don albarkatun kasa masu iyaka, kamar ƙasa, ruwa, man fetur ko abinci, kamar yadda sababbin mutanen Asiya masu arziki ke neman matsayi mafi girma na rayuwa. * Girman zafi na duniya da canjin yanayi, wanda zai iya yin barazana ga samar da aikin gona, yawan mutanen bakin teku, da manyan birane da yawa. * Rikici na siyasa tsakanin Sin da Indiya. * Rashin cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ke addabar gwamnatocin Asiya da yawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/asia2050-executive-summary.pdf |title=ASIA 2050 – Realizing the Asian Century – Executive Summary |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> * Tasirin kai tsaye na yawan tsofaffi akan ci gaban tattalin arziki na ci gaba (misali raguwar ma'aikata, canjin tsarin amfani, matsa lamba akan kudaden jama'a<ref>{{cite web|title=Impact of Population Aging on Asia's Future Growth|url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/economics-wp281.pdf|publisher=Asian Development Bank|access-date=8 April 2013}}</ref>) == Rashin amincewa == Duk da hasashen da ke hasashen karuwar tattalin arziki da ƙarfin siyasa na Asiya, ra'ayin karni na Asiya ya fuskanci zargi. Wannan ya haɗa da yiwuwar cewa ci gaba da ci gaba mai girma na iya haifar da juyin juya hali, raguwar tattalin arziki, da matsalolin muhalli, musamman a kasar Sin.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5623226 | newspaper=The Economist | title=Coming out | date=23 March 2006}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} === Tushen === * Mahbubani, Kishore (2009) Sabon Hemisphere na Asiya: Canjin da ba za a iya tsayayya da shi ba na ikon duniya zuwa gabas. Harkokin Jama'a.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781586486716|9781586486716]]. == Haɗin waje == * Ƙarshen Pax Americana: Yadda Yammacin Yamma ya zama Ba za a iya gujewa ba ''ta hanyar Atlantic'' * Raguwar Yamma: Me ya sa Amurka Dole ne ''ta'' shirya don Ƙarshen Mulki ta Atlantic * [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/economic-power-shift-from-west-to-east-is-poised-to-gather-pace-1831255.html Canjin ikon tattalin arziki daga Yamma zuwa Gabas yana shirye don tarawa] ta hanyar The Independent * [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/global-economic-balance-shifting-east/article544577/ Daidaitawar tattalin arzikin duniya yana canzawa] zuwa gabas ''ta hanyar The Globe da Mail'' * Rahoton Canjin Ikon Duniya zuwa Asiya: Tasirin Geostrategic da Geopolitical na Al Jazeera * "Tsaro da [https://books.google.com/books?id=kDTn49nu1pwC&q=%22asian+century%22+date:0-1990 Taimako] na Ci Gaban" wanda kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje ya rubuta a shekarar 1985, wanda GPO ta Amurka ta buga * [http://www.prb.org/ Ofishin Bayani na Jama'a] * "Harshe mai zafi na gaba don karatu: Sinanci" na Amanda Paulson. CS Monitor, 8 ga Nuwamba 2005. * "[http://www.china.org.cn/english/culture/122170.htm Amurka don buɗe Cibiyar Confucius ta Farko]" ta chinanews.com, 8 Maris 2005. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3679968.stm Bincike]: Kudin kujerar Majalisar Tsaro ta Indiya" ta Ethirajan Anbarasan. Labarin BBC 22 Satumba 2004. * "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46196-2005Mar18.html?nav=rss_politics Amurka] don tallafawa Kwamitin Tsaro na Japan" na Glenn Kessler. Washington Post 18 Maris 2005. * "ASEAN da Indiya hatimi kasuwanci, yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tare da ido akan "Asian Century"" AFP 30 Nuwamba.. * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4524214.stm Ƙarfin Asiya sun kai ga sabuwar al'umma]" ta Sarah Buckley. BBC News 14 ga Disamba 2005. * "Rasha-China-India: Triangle na dabarun" na T T Poulose. Harkokin Asiya. * [http://www.asiancenturyinstitute.com "Asian Century Institute"] === Sauran === '''Jawabai da Bayanan Siyasa''' * "Ƙarfin dangantakar Sin da Indiya don gabatar da ƙarni na Asiya na gaskiya: Firayim Minista Wen" Magana ta PRC Firayim Ministan Wen Jiabao * "[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/02/20060222-2.html Shugaba ya yi jawabi ga] Asiya Society, yayi Magana da Indiya da Pakistan" Shugaban Amurka George Bush ya kira karni na 21 ba karni na Asiya ba, amma karni na 'yanci * "[http://us.rediff.com/money/2006/mar/20asoc3.htm?q=tp&file=.htm Ikon Indiya ba shi da iyaka]" Ministan Kasuwanci na PRC Bo Xilai ci gaba da hadin kai na Indiya da kasar Sin, 2006 '''Hasashen''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060728132541/http://www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_globaltrend2020.html NIC 2020 Taswirar Makomar Duniya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060305114725/http://www.gs.com/insight/research/reports/99.pdf BRIC Rubutun-pdf] * "[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/01/12/357912/index.htm Barka da zuwa Karni na Asiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228100152/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/01/12/357912/index.htm |date=2024-02-28 }}..." na Jeffrey Sachs '''Rashin amincewa''' * [http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/china-india-superpower-not-so-fast "China, Indiya Superpower? Ba da sauri!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227155726/https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/china-india-superpower-not-so-fast |date=2021-02-27 }} * "Asian Century" wani edita ne wanda ya bambanta da karni na Amurka da [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/04/16/stories/2005041600540800.htm karni] na Asiya. * [http://erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4760%3Aan-all-new-flavour-australias-asian-century&catid=673%3Aopinions-dreams-videos&Itemid=314&lang=en "Sabon dandano ne? Australia ta kasance karni na Asiya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202248/http://erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4760%3Aan-all-new-flavour-australias-asian-century&catid=673%3Aopinions-dreams-videos&Itemid=314&lang=en |date=2021-06-24 }} An adana shi a wani labarin game da al'adun al'adu na karni na Asiya akan Erenlai . [[Category:Asiya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7zdr4fitmdazriryf40qufspnpb700e 0 48091 840696 552137 2026-05-28T04:32:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1027658546|Lake Dem]]" 840696 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Dem''' wani karamin tafki ne a arewacin [[Burkina Faso]], wanda ke arewacin Kaya, kudu da [[Sahel Reserve]] da kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Bam . Yana gudana cikin [[White Volta]] . Yana da tsawon kilomita 5 da faɗin kilomita 2.<ref name="Mepham" /> Yana kwance a tsawo na 304 m (997 feet).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Burkina Faso Lakes |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/uv/20.htm |access-date=24 February 2010 |publisher=Index Mundi}}</ref> An sanya tafkin a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2009. == Dubi kuma == * Tashar tafkuna == Manazarta == 0dij6i9u0bnte57pkgymvm6t7v4oakd 840697 840696 2026-05-28T04:32:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 840697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Dem''' wani karamin tafki ne a arewacin [[Burkina Faso]], wanda ke arewacin Kaya, kudu da [[Sahel Reserve]] da kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Bam . Yana gudana cikin [[White Volta]] . Yana da tsawon kilomita 5 da faɗin kilomita 2.<ref name="Mepham" /> Yana kwance a tsawo na 304 m (997 feet).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Burkina Faso Lakes |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/uv/20.htm |access-date=24 February 2010 |publisher=Index Mundi}}</ref> An sanya tafkin a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2009. == Dubi kuma == * Tashar tafkuna == Manazarta == hhn7mjq52217pu7tjqu4bkqyf5oh4jq 0 50395 840461 521652 2026-05-27T12:50:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Mathunjwa''' (an haife shi 26 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da biyar 1965A.c) shine shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ma'adinai da gine-gine (AMCU).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whoswho.co.za/joseph-mathunjwa-762777 |title=Joseph Mathunjwa {{!}} Who's Who SA |website=whoswho.co.za |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819172959/http://whoswho.co.za/joseph-mathunjwa-762777 |archive-date=2013-08-19}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Mathunjwa a Amathikulu, arewacin KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu kuma aikinsa na farko ya kasance ma'aikacin Laboratory a 1986 a Rand Coal inda yake samun tsakanin R300 zuwa R400 a wata. Sha'awarsa ga kungiyoyin kwadago ya zo ne lokacin da ya ga ana korar mutane ba tare da kamfanoni sun yi kokarin ceton ayyukansu ba, Ritaya ta farko da ya yi yaki ta Kotun Ma'aikata ya kasance a BHP Billiton a 2005 kuma ya ci nasara a shari'ar da shi da AMCU suka fara.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.miningweekly.com/article/joseph-mathunjwa-2012-08-03 | title=Joseph Mathunjwa | access-date=2023-05-31 | archive-date=2017-08-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818002216/http://www.miningweekly.com/article/joseph-mathunjwa-2012-08-03 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypress.co.za/news/qa-amcus-joseph-mathunjwa/ |title=Q&A: Amcu's Joseph Mathunjwa - City Press |accessdate=2014-05-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426044701/http://www.citypress.co.za/news/qa-amcus-joseph-mathunjwa/ |archivedate=2014-04-26 }}</ref> A watan Agustan 2022, yayin wani jawabi Mathunjwa ya ce [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ta fi aiki a lokacin wariyar launin fata a karkashin fararen fata, fiye da yadda take a halin yanzu. <ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/mathunjwa-says-post-apartheid-sa-lacks-functionality-at-marikana-commemoration-20220816</ref> <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/opinion/2023-02-12-yes-were-in-a-mess--but-why-the-pointless-apartheid-comparison/</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mathunjwa [[Kirista]] ne kuma yana halartar Sojojin Ceto saboda haka yana iya buga ƙaho kuma yana iya karanta kiɗa . [[Singing|Mawaki]] ne mai kyau . == Nassoshi == [[Category:Afirka ta Kudu]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1965]] szhq1yqkwnoe5e0zufbun0vtiklc77o 0 52743 840601 817385 2026-05-27T22:35:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345911229|JJC Skillz]]" 840601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1977, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]) wanda aka fi sani da Skillz ko JJC Skillz dan Najeriya ne, mawaƙi, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, kuma mai shirya talabijin. JJC Skillz ya sami karbuwa a Najeriya bayan da aka saki daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, "We Are Africans," waƙar [[Afrobeats]]. Kafin nasarar "Mu 'yan Afirka ne," Skillz ya kasance furodusa ga kamfanin rikodin hip-hop na Burtaniya da ƙungiyar kiɗa Big Brovaz . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Atide, kundi na gwaji tare da kalmomi a cikin harsunan Turanci da Najeriya kuma ya rinjayi hip hop, Afirka, da salon kiɗa na salsa. Ya hada kai da tsohuwar matarsa, [[Funke Akindele]] Industreet, wani shirin talabijin game da masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya. == Ayyuka == An haifi Bello a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya bar Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha huɗu. Ya ci gaba da girmamawa da godiya ga kiɗa, sannu a hankali, daga rikodin kiɗa na ƙasar mahaifinsa da [[Kidan Jujú|kiɗa na juju]]. A Burtaniya, an jawo shi zuwa kiɗa na hip-hop kuma nan da nan ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa tare da aboki; bayan haka, sun fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JJC |url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com}}</ref> Sunan sa na mataki, JJC, yana nufin Johnny Just Come, kalmar da 'yan Najeriya ke amfani da ita don bayyana sababbin masu zuwa birni.<ref name=":0" /> Babban aikin samar da Bello na farko shine ya kafa Big Brovas Records da Big Brovas Collective. A shekara ta 2004, ya saki Atide, kundi na farko tare da tawagar 419. Ayyukansa sun hada da Weird MC's Ijoya, Pu Yanga ta Tillaman, da Morile ta Buoqui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz) |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}</ref> Ya kuma zo wurin kiɗa na Afirka, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan kamar Afropean (haɗin Afro-Turai) da Afrobeats . A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a kyautar nishaɗin Najeriya. Ya kirkiro wata babbar kungiya ta Afirka da ake kira JJC da tawagar 419. Wannan rukuni ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kora All African music a shekarar 2014. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kafin aurensa da Akindele, Bello ya haifi 'ya'ya uku daga uwaye uku daban-daban.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="105" href="./Funke_Akindele" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Funke Akindele">Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwsA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwsQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/\" id=\"mwsg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"How I won Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwsw\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./The_Sun_(Nigeria)\" id=\"mwtA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"The Sun (Nigeria)\">The Sun</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. Lagos, Nigeria.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./JJC_Skillz#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya auri Funke Akindele a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ma'auratan sun haifi tagwaye. A watan Yunin 2022, Bello ya sanar a shafinsa na Instagram cewa ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar bin rayuwarsu daban. Mai gabatar da kiɗa a asirce ya auri amarya ta Ebira a jihar Kano a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 088o8ggk7bwzfdmykw0nz0c35a6hws5 840602 840601 2026-05-27T22:36:51Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1977, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]) wanda aka fi sani da Skillz ko JJC Skillz dan Najeriya ne, mawaƙi, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, kuma mai shirya talabijin. JJC Skillz ya sami karbuwa a Najeriya bayan da aka saki daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, "We Are Africans," waƙar [[Afrobeats]]. Kafin nasarar "Mu 'yan Afirka ne," Skillz ya kasance furodusa ga kamfanin rikodin hip-hop na Burtaniya da ƙungiyar kiɗa Big Brovaz . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Atide, kundi na gwaji tare da kalmomi a cikin harsunan Turanci da Najeriya kuma ya rinjayi hip hop, Afirka, da salon kiɗa na salsa. Ya hada kai da tsohuwar matarsa, [[Funke Akindele]] Industreet, wani shirin talabijin game da masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya. == Ayyuka == An haifi Bello a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya bar Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha huɗu. Ya ci gaba da girmamawa da godiya ga kiɗa, sannu a hankali, daga rikodin kiɗa na ƙasar mahaifinsa da [[Kidan Jujú|kiɗa na juju]]. A Burtaniya, an jawo shi zuwa kiɗa na hip-hop kuma nan da nan ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa tare da aboki; bayan haka, sun fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JJC |url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com}}</ref> Sunan sa na mataki, JJC, yana nufin Johnny Just Come, kalmar da 'yan Najeriya ke amfani da ita don bayyana sababbin masu zuwa birni.<ref name=":0" /> Babban aikin samar da Bello na farko shine ya kafa Big Brovas Records da Big Brovas Collective. A shekara ta 2004, ya saki Atide, kundi na farko tare da tawagar 419. Ayyukansa sun hada da Weird MC's Ijoya, Pu Yanga ta Tillaman, da Morile ta Buoqui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz) |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}</ref> Ya kuma zo wurin kiɗa na Afirka, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan kamar Afropean (haɗin Afro-Turai) da Afrobeats . A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a kyautar nishaɗin Najeriya. Ya kirkiro wata babbar kungiya ta Afirka da ake kira JJC da tawagar 419. Wannan rukuni ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kora All African music a shekarar 2014. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kafin aurensa da Akindele, Bello ya haifi 'ya'ya uku daga uwaye uku daban-daban.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="105" href="./Funke_Akindele" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Funke Akindele">Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwsA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwsQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/\" id=\"mwsg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"How I won Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwsw\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./The_Sun_(Nigeria)\" id=\"mwtA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"The Sun (Nigeria)\">The Sun</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. Lagos, Nigeria.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./JJC_Skillz#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya auri Funke Akindele a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ma'auratan sun haifi tagwaye. A watan Yunin 2022, Bello ya sanar a shafinsa na Instagram cewa ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar bin rayuwarsu daban. Mai gabatar da kiɗa a asirce ya auri amarya ta Ebira a jihar Kano a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] saghk5b8yx5s71dydw6lqcbyx1ornu4 840603 840602 2026-05-27T22:39:40Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1977, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]) wanda aka fi sani da Skillz ko JJC Skillz dan Najeriya ne, mawaƙi, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, kuma mai shirya talabijin. JJC Skillz ya sami karbuwa a Najeriya bayan da aka saki daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, "We Are Africans," waƙar [[Afrobeats]]. Kafin nasarar "Mu 'yan Afirka ne," Skillz ya kasance furodusa ga kamfanin rikodin hip-hop na Burtaniya da ƙungiyar kiɗa Big Brovaz . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Atide, kundi na gwaji tare da kalmomi a cikin harsunan Turanci da Najeriya kuma ya rinjayi hip hop, [[Afirka]], da salon kiɗa na salsa. Ya hada kai da tsohuwar matarsa, [[Funke Akindele]] Industreet, wani shirin talabijin game da masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya. == Ayyuka == An haifi Bello a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya bar Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha huɗu. Ya ci gaba da girmamawa da godiya ga kiɗa, sannu a hankali, daga rikodin kiɗa na ƙasar mahaifinsa da [[Kidan Jujú|kiɗa na juju]]. A Burtaniya, an jawo shi zuwa kiɗa na hip-hop kuma nan da nan ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa tare da aboki; bayan haka, sun fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JJC |url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com}}</ref> Sunan sa na mataki, JJC, yana nufin Johnny Just Come, kalmar da 'yan Najeriya ke amfani da ita don bayyana sababbin masu zuwa birni.<ref name=":0" /> Babban aikin samar da Bello na farko shine ya kafa Big Brovas Records da Big Brovas Collective. A shekara ta 2004, ya saki Atide, kundi na farko tare da tawagar 419. Ayyukansa sun hada da Weird MC's Ijoya, Pu Yanga ta Tillaman, da Morile ta Buoqui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz) |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}</ref> Ya kuma zo wurin kiɗa na Afirka, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan kamar Afropean (haɗin Afro-Turai) da Afrobeats . A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a kyautar nishaɗin Najeriya. Ya kirkiro wata babbar kungiya ta Afirka da ake kira JJC da tawagar 419. Wannan rukuni ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kora All African music a shekarar 2014. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kafin aurensa da Akindele, Bello ya haifi 'ya'ya uku daga uwaye uku daban-daban.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="105" href="./Funke_Akindele" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Funke Akindele">Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwsA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwsQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/\" id=\"mwsg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"How I won Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwsw\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./The_Sun_(Nigeria)\" id=\"mwtA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"The Sun (Nigeria)\">The Sun</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. Lagos, Nigeria.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./JJC_Skillz#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya auri Funke Akindele a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ma'auratan sun haifi tagwaye. A watan Yunin 2022, Bello ya sanar a shafinsa na Instagram cewa ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar bin rayuwarsu daban. Mai gabatar da kiɗa a asirce ya auri amarya ta Ebira a jihar Kano a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] rh86dpk1iegs5cougffd2tzk8zwucax 840604 840603 2026-05-27T22:40:54Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1977, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]) wanda aka fi sani da Skillz ko JJC Skillz dan Najeriya ne, mawaƙi, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, kuma mai shirya talabijin. JJC Skillz ya sami karbuwa a Najeriya bayan da aka saki daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, "We Are Africans," waƙar [[Afrobeats]]. Kafin nasarar "Mu 'yan Afirka ne," Skillz ya kasance furodusa ga kamfanin rikodin hip-hop na Burtaniya da ƙungiyar kiɗa Big Brovaz . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Atide, kundi na gwaji tare da kalmomi a cikin harsunan Turanci da Najeriya kuma ya rinjayi hip hop, [[Afirka]], da salon kiɗa na salsa. Ya hada kai da tsohuwar matarsa, [[Funke Akindele]] Industreet, wani shirin talabijin game da masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya. == Ayyuka == An haifi Bello a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya bar Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha huɗu. Ya ci gaba da girmamawa da godiya ga kiɗa, sannu a hankali, daga rikodin kiɗa na ƙasar mahaifinsa da [[Kidan Jujú|kiɗa na juju]]. A Burtaniya, an jawo shi zuwa kiɗa na hip-hop kuma nan da nan ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa tare da aboki; bayan haka, sun fara yin [[wasan kwaikwayo]] a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JJC |url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com}}</ref> Sunan sa na mataki, JJC, yana nufin Johnny Just Come, kalmar da 'yan Najeriya ke amfani da ita don bayyana sababbin masu zuwa birni.<ref name=":0" /> Babban aikin samar da Bello na farko shine ya kafa Big Brovas Records da Big Brovas Collective. A shekara ta 2004, ya saki Atide, kundi na farko tare da tawagar 419. Ayyukansa sun hada da Weird MC's Ijoya, Pu Yanga ta Tillaman, da Morile ta Buoqui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz) |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}</ref> Ya kuma zo wurin kiɗa na Afirka, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan kamar Afropean (haɗin Afro-Turai) da Afrobeats . A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a kyautar nishaɗin Najeriya. Ya kirkiro wata babbar kungiya ta Afirka da ake kira JJC da tawagar 419. Wannan rukuni ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kora All African music a shekarar 2014. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kafin aurensa da Akindele, Bello ya haifi 'ya'ya uku daga uwaye uku daban-daban.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="105" href="./Funke_Akindele" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Funke Akindele">Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwsA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwsQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/\" id=\"mwsg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"How I won Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwsw\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./The_Sun_(Nigeria)\" id=\"mwtA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"The Sun (Nigeria)\">The Sun</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. Lagos, Nigeria.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./JJC_Skillz#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya auri Funke Akindele a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ma'auratan sun haifi tagwaye. A watan Yunin 2022, Bello ya sanar a shafinsa na Instagram cewa ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar bin rayuwarsu daban. Mai gabatar da kiɗa a asirce ya auri amarya ta Ebira a jihar Kano a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] jv49c3hchx0wxswmzp41m0moz9c1z9p 840605 840604 2026-05-27T22:41:44Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdulrasheed Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1977, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]) wanda aka fi sani da Skillz ko JJC Skillz dan Najeriya ne, mawaƙi, marubucin waƙa, mai shirya rikodin, kuma mai shirya talabijin. JJC Skillz ya sami karbuwa a Najeriya bayan da aka saki daya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, "We Are Africans," waƙar [[Afrobeats]]. Kafin nasarar "Mu 'yan Afirka ne," Skillz ya kasance furodusa ga kamfanin rikodin hip-hop na Burtaniya da ƙungiyar kiɗa Big Brovaz . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, ya fitar da kundi na farko, Atide, kundi na gwaji tare da kalmomi a cikin harsunan Turanci da Najeriya kuma ya rinjayi hip hop, [[Afirka]], da salon kiɗa na salsa. Ya hada kai da tsohuwar matarsa, [[Funke Akindele]] Industreet, wani shirin talabijin game da masana'antar kiɗa ta Najeriya. == Ayyuka == An haifi Bello a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] kuma ya bar Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha huɗu. Ya ci gaba da girmamawa da godiya ga kiɗa, sannu a hankali, daga rikodin kiɗa na ƙasar mahaifinsa da [[Kidan Jujú|kiɗa na juju]]. A Burtaniya, an jawo shi zuwa kiɗa na hip-hop kuma nan da nan ya kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa tare da aboki; bayan haka, sun fara yin [[wasan kwaikwayo]] a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JJC |url=http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/jjc.htm |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com}}</ref> Sunan sa na mataki, JJC, yana nufin Johnny Just Come, kalmar da 'yan Najeriya ke amfani da ita don bayyana sababbin masu zuwa birni.<ref name=":0" /> Babban aikin samar da Bello na farko shine ya kafa Big Brovas Records da Big Brovas Collective. A shekara ta 2004, ya saki Atide, kundi na farko tare da tawagar 419. Ayyukansa sun hada da Weird MC's Ijoya, Pu Yanga ta Tillaman, da Morile ta Buoqui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeriaworld -- Return of JJC (aka Skillz) |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829235119/https://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/fajemisin/101909.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2019-08-29 |website=nigeriaworld.com}}</ref> Ya kuma zo wurin kiɗa na Afirka, yana ƙirƙirar ayyukan kamar Afropean (haɗin Afro-Turai) da Afrobeats . A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a kyautar nishaɗin Najeriya. Ya kirkiro wata babbar kungiya ta Afirka da ake kira JJC da tawagar 419. Wannan rukuni ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kora All African music a shekarar 2014. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Kafin aurensa da Akindele, Bello ya haifi 'ya'ya uku daga uwaye uku daban-daban.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="105" href="./Funke_Akindele" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Funke Akindele">Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwsA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt33\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"mwsQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-won-funke-akindeles-heart-jjc-skillz/\" id=\"mwsg\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"How I won Funke Akindele's heart –JJC Skillz\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwsw\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"114\" href=\"./The_Sun_(Nigeria)\" id=\"mwtA\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"The Sun (Nigeria)\">The Sun</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki>. Lagos, Nigeria.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./JJC_Skillz#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ya auri Funke Akindele a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Funke Akindele Husband Biography |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/09/funke-akindele-husband-biography.html |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ma'auratan sun haifi tagwaye. A watan Yunin 2022, Bello ya sanar a shafinsa na [[Instagram]] cewa ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar bin rayuwarsu daban. Mai gabatar da kiɗa a asirce ya auri amarya ta Ebira a jihar Kano a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] q55bs7v5b1f0etyjsm5xnfce7f88cvj 0 53257 840477 597349 2026-05-27T14:00:10Z IvanScrooge98 5040 /* Rayuwar farko */ wrong person 840477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aya Danioko''' (an Haife ta 10 ga Mayun shekarar 1995), wacce aka sani da sunanta na mataki '''Aya Nakamura''', mawaƙiya faransa ce. An haife ta a [[Bamako]], Mali kuma ta yi hijira zuwa Faransa tare da danginta, sun girma a Aulnay-sous-Bois . Ta kuma fito daga dangin griots, ita ce babba a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. Ta yi karatun fashion a La Courneuve . Daga baya ta ƙaddamar da waƙa tare da sunan mataki Aya Nakamura, bayan hali Hiro Nakamura na NBC ''Heroes'' kimiyyar wasan kwaikwayo. Nakamura ta buga wakokinta a yanar gizo, inda ta samu mabiya da "Karma" da "J'ai mal". Dembo Camara, abokiyar zamanta, ta zama furodusá ta kuma manaja. Musamman ma, bwaƙarta mai suna "Brisé", ta sami karɓuwa a [[YouTube]], da kuma duo tare da mawakiyar rapper Fababy " Love d'un voyou " ya haifar da zane-zane a Faransa a karon farko. Ta saki kundi na farko ''na Jaridar intime'' a cikin shekarar 2017, bayan shekara guda ta biyo bayan sa ''Nakamura'', wanda aka tabbatar da Diamond a Faransa. Ya haifar da fitattun waƙoƙin " Djadja " da " Copines " kuma ya ƙaddamar da aikin mawakin na duniya. A tsawon rayuwarta, Nakamura ta tara wakoki biyar-daya da kundi na daya a Faransa. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Victoires de la Musique don albam ɗinta na shekarar 2020 ''Aya'', kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta NRJ Music kuma ta sami naɗi da yawa don lambar yabo ta MTV Turai Music Award don Mafi kyawun Dokar Faransa . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Aya Danioko a [[Bamako]], [[Mali]] a ranar 10 ga Mayun shekarata 1995. Ta fito daga dangin griot, masu ba da labari na Afirka ta Yamma, mawaƙa na yabo, da mawaƙa na al'adun baka. Ita ce babba a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. A cikin ƙuruciyarta danginta sun yi ƙaura zuwa Faransa kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Aulnay-sous-Bois, wani yanki na Arewacin Paris. Ta dauki matakin suna Nakamura daga halin Hiro Nakamura na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''almarar'' kimiyya na NBC, wanda ya tashi daga shekarar 2006 zuwa 2010. == Sana'a == === 2014-2017: halarta ta farko da nasara ta farko tare da ''Jarida cikin lokaci'' === A cikin 2014, tana da shekaru 19, ta saki waƙarta ta farko "Karma" akan Facebook. Da taimakon furodusa |Seysey, ta yi waƙar karya mai suna "J'ai mal", mai irin waƙar [[Zouk (motsi na kiɗa)|zouk]] . Bidiyon waƙar ya kai fiye da kallon YouTube miliyan 1 a lokacin. Abokiyar tsohuwar, Dembo Camara, ta zama furodusa kuma wakili na fasaha. A cikin shekarar 2016, ta yi waƙar "Brisé" tare da mawaki Christopher Ghenda. Sannan ta sake fitar da wata waka mai suna "Love d'un Voyou" mai dauke da rapper Fababy . A matsayin girmamawa ga al'adunta da tushenta, ta yi wani kade-kade a filin wasa na Modibo-Keïta da ke [[Bamako]], wanda ya bude wa tauraron Amurka-Nigeria [[Davido]] . Kuma ta sadaukar da waka ga daya daga cikin shahararren mawaki dan kasar Mali [[Oumou Sangaré]], wanda aka haifa a [[Bamako]] kamar ita. BbA cikin Janairun shekarata 2016, singer ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Rec. 118 da Parlophone, lakabin daga Warner music Faransa. A cikin wannan shekarar, ta ci gaba da yin haɗin gwiwa kuma ta saki waƙarta ta biyu "Super Héros", wanda ke nuna mawaƙin Gradur . On 25 August 2017, she released her debut album ''Journal Intime'', led by her first Platinum hit, "Comportement". Kundin ya sami bokan Platinum a Faransa]. A ranar 23 ga Satumban shekarar 2017, ta halarci La Nuit du Mali a Bercy wanda Wati-Boss, Dawala ya shirya domin bikin ranar 'yancin kai na Mali a Paris. Ta raba matakin tare da OumouSangaré da sauran masu fasaha na Mali kamar Cheick Tidiane Seck, Lassana Hawa ko Mokobé da sauransu. [[Fayil:Aya Nakamura-23Sept2019.jpg|thumb|Aya Nakamura]] A ranar 6 ga Afrilun shekarata 2018, Aya Nakamura ta fito da " Djadja " -wacce ta farko daga kundinta na biyu - wanda ya tsaya makonni biyu a jere a lamba daya akan ginshiƙi na Faransa, kuma daga baya aka ba da takardar shaidar Diamond. <ref name="fr">Peaks in France: </ref> Waƙar nan da nan ta zama abin buɗaɗɗen rani a Faransa kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta zama fitacciyar duniya. Ta zama 'yar Faransa ta farko da ta kai lamba ɗaya a Netherlands tun bayan Edith Piaf tare da " Non je ne regrette rien " a cikin shwkarar 1961. "Djadja" kuma ita ce waƙar Faransa ta farko tun shekarar 2009 don isa saman ginshiƙi na Dutch, na ƙarshe shine " Alors on danse " daga ɗan wasan Belgium Stromae . "Djadja" sannan ya ci jadawali da radiyo a duk faɗin Turai (Jamus, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Girka, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland. . . ) Ɗayan "Copines" mai zuwa da aka saki a watan Augusta na shekarar 2018 ya shiga a lamba hudu a Faransa kafin hawan zuwa lamba daya a watan Nuwamba 2018, kuma an ba da takardar shaida ta Diamond. <ref name="fr">Peaks in France: </ref> A ranar 2 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2018, Aya Nakamura ta fitar da album dinta na biyu ''Nakamura'' . A cikin Janairun shekarar 2019 ta lashe lambar yabo ta Ƙwararrun. A cikin Fabrairun shekarar 2019 an zaɓi ta don Waƙar Waƙar Shekara da Mafi kyawun Album na Birane a Kyautar Kiɗa na Faransa. bybyA cikin Afrilun shekarar 2019, ta fitar da bidiyon don "Pookie", wanda ya zama mafi kyawun bidiyo na Faransanci a cikin 2019. A watan Mayun shekarata 2019, ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' ta zana ta a matsayin "daya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka a Turai yanzu, ta kida da zamantakewa". A watan Yunin she Kara 2019, ta sami nadin nata na farko a Kyautar BET a matsayin Mafi kyawun Dokar Duniya. A cikin bazara na shekarar 2019 ta sami ci gaba tare da "Pookie" guda ɗaya (tare da ra'ayoyin YouTube sama da miliyan 240 zuwa yau), gami da manyan sifofin duniya tare da rap na platinum da yawa [[:it:Capo Plaza|Capo Plaza]] da Lil Pump . A cikin Oktoba, "Djadja" ya tafi Platinum a Spain[18] da Portugal, yayin da "Pookie" ta sami takardar shaidar Platinum sau biyu a Italiya.[19]. A ranar 25 ga Oktoban shekarar 2019, Nakamura sun sake fito da fitowar platinum ''Nakamura'' na yanzu tare da sabbin wakoki biyar, gami da manyan guda biyar "40%".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}</link> A cikin sake fasalin ƙarshen shekara na Disamba, an ba ta suna Mafi yawan kallon ƴan wasan Faransa mata a shekarar 2019 ta YouTube, da Mafi yawan ƙwararrun mata na Faransanci a 2019 ta Spotify. A ranar 3 ga Janairu 2020, an sanar da ita don yin wasan kwaikwayo a Coachella Music & Arts Festival 2020. A ranar 12 ga Yuni, Nakamura ya fitar da sigar "Djadja (Remix)" cikin harshen Sipaniya tare da mawaƙin Colombian Maluma. === 2020-2021 === A 17 ga Yuli 2020, ta fito da waƙar " [[Jolie nana]] " a matsayin jagorar guda ɗaya daga kundi na uku na studio ''[[Aya]]'' . An yi muhawara a lamba ɗaya akan ginshiƙi na ƴan ƙasar Faransa, kuma ta sami matsayin Zinariya a cikin makonni 2. Har ila yau, ta kai 10 na farko a Belgium da Switzerland da kumranara 40 na farko a Netherlands. A kan jadawalin Afrobeats na Burtaniya, ya kai lamba 7.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}</link> A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, ta fito da waƙa ta biyu daga kundin, "Doudou". Ya kai kololuwa a lamba 6 a Faransa, a cikin 40 na sama a Belgium da lamba 16 akan jadawalin Afrobeats na Burtaniya. Ta sanar da kundin a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, tare da ranar fito da ranar 13 ga Nuwamba. An fitar da jerin waƙoƙin a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, yana bayyana haɗin gwiwa tare da Stormzy, Ms Banks da Oboy.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}}</link> A cikin 2021, an nuna Nakamura a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na 'Sans Moi,' waƙa a cikin kundi na Faransanci ''Vibe'', kuma a cikin bidiyon kiɗan na 'C'est Cuit' na [[Major Lazer]] . An zaɓi murfinta na ''Vogue Faransa'' a matsayin murfin da aka fi so na 2021. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Nakamura tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. A cikin 2022, Nakamura, tare da tsohon abokin aikinta Vladimir Boudnikoff, an tuhume ta da laifin cin zarafi na gida. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022, an dage shari'arta, tun da ita ko Boudnikoff ba su halarci kotu ba. == Hotuna == === Albums === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Take ! rowspan="2" | Cikakkun bayanai ! colspan="7" | Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" | Raka'a ! rowspan="2" | Takaddun shaida |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | FRA<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <ref name="fr">Peaks in France: </ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | BEL<nowiki><br id="mwzA"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> (FL)<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | BEL<nowiki><br id="mw0g"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> (WA)<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | NLD<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | ITA<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | SPA<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | SWI<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> |- ! scope="row" | ''Jarida intime'' | * An buga: 25 ga Agusta, 2017 * Tag: Rec. 118, Parlophone, Warner Music Faransa * Formats: CD, LP, dijital zazzagewa, yawo | 6 | 143 | 34 | - | - | - | - | | * SNEP : Platinum |- ! scope="row" | ''Nakamura'' | * An sake shi: 2 Nuwamba 2018 * Tag: Rec. 118, Parlophone, Warner Music Faransa * Formats: CD, LP, dijital zazzagewa, yawo | 3 | 29 | 8 | 10 | 90 | 92 | 20 | * FRA: 500,000 <ref name="snep" /> * NLD: 20,000 | * SNEP: Diamond <ref name="snep">{{Cite certification|access-date=3 April 2023}}</ref> * BEA: Platinum |- ! scope="row" | ''Aya'' | * An buga: 13 Nuwamba 2020 * Tag: Rec. 118, Warner Music Faransa * Formats: CD, LP, dijital zazzagewa, yawo | 2 | 14 | 2 | 36 | - | 71 | 8 | | * SNEP: 2x Platinum <ref name="snep" /> |- ! scope="row" | ''DNK'' | * An buga: 27 Janairu 2023 * Tag: Rec. 118, Warner Music Faransa * Formats: CD, LP, dijital zazzagewa, yawo | 1 | 65 | 2 | - | - | - | 6 | | * SNEP: Zinariya <ref name="snep" /> |- | colspan="11" style="font-size:90%" | "-" yana nufin rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a sake shi ba a wannan yankin. |} === Marasa aure === ==== A matsayin jagorar mai zane ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="10" scope="col" |Peak positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAWQ"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>(FL)<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAWo"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>(WA)<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |ITA<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NLD<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |POR<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SPA<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWE<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI<br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Super héros" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Gradur]])}} |2016 |34 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="3" |''Journal intime'' |- ! scope="row" |"Comportement" |2017 |13 |— |40 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | * SNEP: Platinum |- ! scope="row" |"Oumou Sangaré" | rowspan="3" |2018 |65 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Djadja"<br /><br />{{Small|(solo, featuring [[Loredana Zefi|Loredana]] or featuring [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])}} |1 |16 |16 |43 |23 |1 |37 |5 |72 |29 | * SNEP: Diamond * BEA: 3× Platinum * BVMI: Gold * FIMI: Platinum * IFPI SWI: Gold * NVPI: 2× Platinum * PROMUSICAE: 4× Platinum | rowspan="4" |''Nakamura'' |- ! scope="row" |"Copines" |1 |24<br /><br /><small>(tip)</small> |7 |— |— |46 |181 |— |— |60 | * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="SNEP" /> * BEA: Gold<ref name="ultratop" /> * FIMI: Gold |- ! scope="row" |"Pookie"<br /><br />{{Small|(solo, featuring [[Lil Pump]] or featuring [[Capo Plaza]])}} | rowspan="2" |2019 |5 |18 |9 |— |2 |— |— |— |—{{Efn|"Pookie" (Remix) did not enter the [[Sverigetopplistan|Swedish Singellista Chart]], but peaked at number 14 on the Swedish Heatseeker Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/215?dspy=2019&dspp=32|title=Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 32|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>}} |55 | * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="SNEP" /> * BEA: 3× Platinum * FIMI: 2× Platinum |- ! scope="row" |"Soldat" |6 |— |15<br /><br /><small>(tip)</small> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | * SNEP: Gold<ref name="SNEP" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Jolie nana" | rowspan="2" |2020 |1 |8 |2 |—{{Efn|"Jolie nana" did not enter the [[GfK Entertainment Charts|German Singles Chart]], but peaked at number 6 on the German Single Trending Charts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.de/charts/9gtiy5/single-trending|title=Offizielle Single Trending Charts, 14. August 2020|publisher=[[MTV Germany]]|access-date=6 September 2020|archive-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112084819/http://www.mtv.de/charts/9gtiy5/single-trending|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} |— |18 |— |— |— |4 | * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="SNEP" /> * BEA: 2× Platinum | rowspan="2" |''Aya'' |- ! scope="row" |"Doudou" |6 |— |40 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | * SNEP: Gold |- ! scope="row" |"Bobo" |2021 |3 |— |23 |— |— |67 |— |— |— |16 | * SNEP: Platinum<ref name="Les certifications" /> | rowspan="4" {{N/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Dégaine"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Damso]])}} | rowspan="4" |2022 |1 |— |15 |— |— |—{{Efn|"Dégaine" did not enter the [[Dutch Single Top 100]], but peaked at number 19 on the Single Tip chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=st&year=2022&date=20220319|title=Dutch Single Tip 19/03/2022|website=dutchcharts.nl|language=nl|access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>}} |— |— |— |19 | * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="SNEP" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Méchante" |27 |— |— |— |— |—{{Efn|"Méchante" did not enter the [[Dutch Single Top 100]], but peaked at number 14 on the Single Tip chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=st&date=20220625&year=2022|title=Dutch Single Tip 25/06/2022|website=dutchcharts.nl|language=nl|access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref>}} |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"VIP" |39 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"SMS" |16 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="2" |''DNK'' |- ! scope="row" |"Baby" |2023 |2 |— |8 |— |— |—{{Efn|"Baby" did not enter the Dutch Single Top 100, but peaked at number 14 on the Single Tip chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=st&date=20230211&year=2023|title=Dutch Single Tip 11/02/2023|website=dutchcharts.nl|language=nl|access-date=11 February 2023}}</ref>}} |— |— |— |22 | |- ! scope="row" |"DJO" |2023 |18 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |Mood 3 |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" |"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} ==== Kamar yadda mai zane ya fito ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Jerin mawaƙa guda a matsayin fitattun masu fasaha, tare da zaɓaɓɓun matsayi da takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Take ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Shekara ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | FRA<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <ref name="fr">Peaks in France: </ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAw0"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> (WA)<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> |- ! scope="row" | " Love d'un voyou "<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|([[Fababy]] featuring Aya Nakamura)}} | 2015 | 9 | 37*<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|(Ultratip)}} | | |- ! scope="row" | "Yi hakuri"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|([[Abou Debeing]] featuring Aya Nakamura)}} | 2016 | 188 | - | | |- ! scope="row" | "Bad Boy"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|([[Fally Ipupa]] featuring Aya Nakamura)}} | rowspan="2" | 2017 | 68 | - | * SNEP: Zinariya | |- ! scope="row" | "Lafiya kuwa"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|([[Naza (rapper)|Naza]] featuring [[Dadju]] and Aya Nakamura)}} | 171 | - | | |- ! scope="row" | "Pourquoi tu Forces"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|(DJ Erise featuring Aya Nakamura)}} | rowspan="2" | 2018 | 177 | - | | |- ! scope="row" | "Sai ka koma"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|(Tour 2 Garde featuring Aya Nakamura)}} | - | - | | |- ! scope="row" | "Ku ci"<br /><br /><br /><br /> {{Small|([[Major Lazer]] featuring Aya Nakamura and [[Swae Lee]])}} | 2021 | 72 | - | | ''Kiɗa Ne Makamin (Sake lodi)'' |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" | "-" yana nufin rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a sake shi ba a wannan yankin. |} <small>*Ba a bayyana a cikin taswirar Ultratop 50 na Belgian ba, amma a cikin kumfa a ƙarƙashin ginshiƙi na Ultratip.</small> === Sauran wakokin da aka tsara === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="4" scope="col" |Peak positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certification ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |BEL<nowiki><br id="mwA24"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>(WA)<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI<br /><br /> !SPA<br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Oublier" |2016 |96 |— |— |— | | rowspan="7" |''Journal intime'' |- ! scope="row" |"Fuego" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring Dadju)}} | rowspan="6" |2017 |85 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"J'ai mal (Part 2)" |18 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Problèmes" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[MHD (rapper)|MHD]])}} |118 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Jalousie" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Lartiste]])}} |121 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Karma" |146 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Orphelin" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[KeBlack]])}} |151 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"La dot" | rowspan="11" |2018 |3 |32 |71 |— | * SNEP: Platinum | rowspan="10" |''Nakamura'' |- ! scope="row" |"Sucette" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Niska (rapper)|Niska]])}} |4 |— |— |— | * SNEP: Platinum<ref name="SNEP" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Oula" |5 |— |— |— | * SNEP: Gold<ref name="SNEP" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Pompom" |8 |— |— |— | * SNEP: Gold<ref name="SNEP" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Ça fait mal" |13 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Whine Up" |15 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Gangster" |18 |— |— |— | * SNEP: Gold |- ! scope="row" |"Faya" |21 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Gang" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Davido]])}} |35 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Dans ma bulle" |40 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Cadeau"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Naza (rapper)|Naza]])}} |171 |— |60 |— | | |- ! scope="row" |"40%" | rowspan="3" |2019 |4 |30 |— |— | * SNEP: Diamond <ref name="SNEP" /> | rowspan="3" |''Nakamura (Deluxe Edition)'' |- ! scope="row" |"Claqué" |45 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Idiot" |65 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Plus jamais" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Stormzy]])}} | rowspan="13" |2020 |1 |36 |24 |— | * SNEP: Gold <ref name="Les certifications" /> | rowspan="13" |''Aya'' |- ! scope="row" |"Tchop" |7 |— |62 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Préféré" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring Oboy)}} |4 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Fly" |8 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Sentiments grandissants" |9 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Love de moi" |13 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Biff" |14 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Nirvana" |17 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Ça blesse" |18 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Hot" |19 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"La machine" |21 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Mon chéri" |27 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Mon lossa" <br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Ms Banks]])}} |28 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Ailleurs" |2021 |124 |— |— |— | |''20/21'' |- ! scope="row" |"Cadeau"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[Tiakola]])}} | rowspan="11" |2023 |4 |47 |— |— | | rowspan="11" |''DNK'' |- ! scope="row" |"Daddy" |6 |— |99 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Chacun"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring Kim)}} |25 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Corazon" |27 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Tous Les Jours" |37 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"T'as Peur" {{Small|(featuring [[Myke Towers]])}} |38 |— |— |29 | * PROMUSICAE: Gold |- ! scope="row" |"Beleck" |39 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Coller" |51 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Haut Niveau" |56 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Le Goût" |59 |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bloqué" |80 |— |— |— | |- | colspan="14&quot;" style="font-size:90%" |"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Kyauta ! Kashi ! scope="col" | Aiki ! scope="col" | Sakamako |- | 2018 | W9 D'OR | Mawaƙin Mace da aka fi saurare | rowspan="8" | Ita kanta |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="12" style="text-align:center;" | 2019 | Kiɗa Yana Motsa Kyautar Halayen Turai | Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a (Faransa) |{{Won}} |- | MTV Turai Music Awards | Mafi kyawun Dokar Faransanci |{{Nom}} |- | Kyautar BET | Mafi kyawun Dokar Ƙasashen Duniya | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="6" | All Africa Music Awards | Mafi kyawun Francophone | {{Nom}} |- | Mawaƙin Shekara | {{Nom}} |- | Ketare Iyakoki tare da Kyautar Kiɗa | {{Nom}} |- | Mafi kyawun Mace Yammacin Afirka | {{Nom}} |- |- | Mafi kyawun Haɗin kai | "Sucette" (feat. Niska ) |{{Nom}} |- | Wakar Shekara | rowspan="3" | "Pookie" |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | NRJ Music Awards | Wakar Francophonic na Shekara | {{Nom}} |- | Ayyukan Francophonic na Dare |{{Nom}} |- | Mawaƙin Mata na Francophonic | Ita kanta | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | MTV Turai Music Awards | Mafi kyawun Dokar Faransanci{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2020}}</link> | Ita kanta | {{Nom}} |- | NRJ Music Awards | Fitacciyar Jarumar Mace ta Francophonic | Ita kanta |{{Won}} |- | 2021 | Apple Music Awards | Mawaƙin Shekara (Faransa) | Ita kanta |{{Won}} |} == Bayanayn kula == <references group="upper-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1df1ums4rmzj3hphc2ferimbm2tx2e1 0 54148 840475 821257 2026-05-27T13:52:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840475 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Joyce Kalu // ⓘ''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1970) 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, furodusa kuma [[darakta]] a [[Sinima a Najeriya|Masana'antar Fina-finai ta Najeriya]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Joyce Kalu a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1970 a [[Ohafia]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], [[Kasar Inyamurai|Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]] . Ita ce 'ya ta ƙarshe a cikin iyali mai mutane tara, yanzu tana da aure da 'ya'ya uku. === Ilimi === Karatun firamare da sakandare na Kalu yana jihar Abia, Najeriya. Tana kuma da digiri na farko a [[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|fannin tallatawa]], wanda ta samu daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] (LASU). Kalu kuma tana da difloma a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta. === Ayyuka === Joyce Kalu ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2005. Ta shahara bayan ta fito a wani [[Fina-finan Nollywood|fim na Nollywood]] mai suna ''Take me Home'' . Ita ma mace ce mai kasuwanci. A shekarar 2018, Joyce Kalu ta fito tare da [[Rita Dominic]], [[Enyinna Nwigwe]] da sauran jaruman Nollywood a wani fim mai lambar yabo ''[[Bound (fim na 2018)|Bound]]'', wanda [[Lilian Afegbai|Lilian Afegbi ta shirya.]] ''Bound'' ya lashe [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|kyautar Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] (AMVCA) ta 2018 don Mafi Kyawun Harshen 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa (Igbo). Dangane da rawar da ta taka a Nigerian Film Industry, da kuma ayyukan al’umma da ƙungiyoyin agaji, an karrama ta da sarautar gargajiya (chieftaincy) mai suna Apunawu I na al’ummar Ohafia, a Jihar Abia. Wannan karramawa ta zo ne daga Mai Martaba Sarki (Ezieogo), Farfesa U. I. E. Imaga, tare da dukkan sarakunan Ohafia. An ba ta wannan sarauta a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2016. Joyce Kalu ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga Niger Delta Icon da Dynamic Awards (NDID) a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi tasiri na shekara (2020). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joyce Kalu Net Worth, Bio, Career, Husband, and Children |url=https://rnn.ng/joyce-kalu-net-worth/ |access-date=2026-04-15 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226154600/https://rnn.ng/joyce-kalu-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ka kai ni gida (2007) '' * ''Girman Mace (2007) a matsayin Shugaban'' * ''A Walk in the Dark (2010) a matsayin Mrs. Obi'' * ''A Dance for the Prince (2011) a matsayin Lolo'' * ''Gidan Yarjejeniya (2012) '' * ''Fadar baƙin ciki (2013) a matsayin Elizabeth'' * ''The Illuminati Cult (2014) a matsayin Madam Dollar'' * ''Sarauniya Aziza (2016) a matsayin Cif Muma'' * ''Dance of Grace (2016) a matsayin Amuche'' * ''Yarima a Wuta (2018) a matsayin Sarauniya'' * ''Obianama (2018) <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Joyce Kalu - nlist {{!}} Nollywood, Nigerian Movies & Casting |url=https://nlist.ng/people/joyce-kalu-933/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=nlist.ng |language=en-GB}}</ref>'' * ''Oderi gwugwu (2018) <ref name=":4" />'' * ''Isioma Scotland (2018) <ref name=":4" />'' * ''Ƙayyadaddun (2018) '' * ''Kursiyin Hauka (2020) a matsayin Uwar Ezenwa'' * ''Shirin 'yar'uwa (2020) a matsayin Sarauniya Ocheze'' * ''Inda Maza ke mulki (2021) a matsayin Daluchi'' * ''Bride Mai Gishirwa (2022) a matsayin Sarauniya'' * ''Mala'ika a cikin Crisis (2023) a matsayin Queeneth'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h1xwfn162it7mt13jbmr1fw8xdpguux 0 56145 841454 795410 2026-05-28T10:49:04Z Salma kyari 36463 841454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Databox}} '''Ibillo''' Gari ne mafi girma a karamar hukumar [[Akoko-Edo]] [[Edo|jihar Edo]] Najeriya. Ibillo na kewaye da garuruwa/kauyuka da dama da suka hada da Ikiran Oke, Imoga, Ekpesa da Lampese wadanda dukkaninsu na cikin al’ummomi Ashirin da biyu ne da suka gina[[Yaren Okpamheri|yankin al'ummar Okpameri]], duk a karamar hukumar [[Akoko-Edo|Akoko Edo]] da hedikwatar karamar hukumar [[Igarra]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/police-arrest-notorious-suspected-kidnapper-in-ondo/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Police arrest 'notorious' suspected kidnapper in Ondo|date=2019-04-04|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> == Tarihi == Abubuwa Kaɗan ne aka rubuta game da asalin mutanen Ibillo, amma, a al'adar baka, an yi imanin cewa mutanen sun yi hijira daga [[Masarautar Benin|masarautar Benin.]]Mutanen sun tsunduma cikin irin sana'o'i kamar noma, ciniki, sarrafa itace da kuma tukwane. Ƙasar tana da albarka kuma tana da babbar kasuwa dangane da sauran al'ummomin Akoko-Edo. Kasuwar tana kan titin Ibillo – Abuja express way. Ibillo ya rabu sassa hudu kuma ana juya mulki a cikin waɗannan sassan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afemaipeople.com/ibillo-stop-town-akoko-edo/ |title=Ibillo, the Stop-Over Town of Akoko-Edo |access-date=2016-10-26 |archive-date=2016-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027014227/http://www.afemaipeople.com/ibillo-stop-town-akoko-edo/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://leadership.ng/2019/05/04/edo-road-projects-connect-more-communities-in-ubiaja-igarra-uneme-others/|title=Edo Road Projects Connect More Communities In Ubiaja, Igarra, Uneme, Others|date=2019-05-04|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/bandits-barricade-bank-operations-in-edo-north-central-districts/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Bandits barricade bank operations in Edo North, Central districts|date=2018-08-28|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} j347f7rn7z62l3giepnwusd620j6mvu 0 56417 841453 364550 2026-05-28T10:46:40Z Salma kyari 36463 841453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Databox}} '''Gelegele''' ƙauye ne dake cikin [[Ovia ta Arewa maso Gabas|ƙaramar hukumar Ovia ta arewa maso gabas]] a [[Edo|jihar Edo]] a [[Najeriya|tarayyar Najeriya]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Baker |first=Lynne R. |title=Diversity and Conservation of Primates in the Flooded Forests of Southern Nigeria |date=2019 |work=Primates in Flooded Habitats: Ecology and Conservation |pages=315–325 |editor-last=Barnett |editor-first=Adrian A. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/primates-in-flooded-habitats/diversity-and-conservation-of-primates-in-the-flooded-forests-of-southern-nigeria/476B9196B6049DA25A8EA18647FB42C0 |access-date=2024-06-18 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-13431-7 |last2=Oates |first2=John F. |editor2-last=Matsuda |editor2-first=Ikki |editor3-last=Nowak |editor3-first=Katarzyna}}</ref> Ƙauyen yana gefen hagu na [[Ovia River|Kogin Ovia]] kuma yana da iyaka da ƙauyen. UghotonGelegele ta yi fice ga tashar ruwan teku wadda Oba Ewuare Mai Girma ya bude kafin binciken da Turawa suka yi a [[Masarautar Benin]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-05-31|title=New Awakening on Gelegele Seaport|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/05/new-awakening-on-gelegele-seaport/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-07-13|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} t3txtwjvlkm0mqj22heevvywoalnb51 0 58075 841309 460359 2026-05-28T09:21:48Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christogonus Ezebuiro Obinna''' (1947–2 Yuni 1999), wanda aka fi sani da '''Dr. Sir Warrior''', mawakin kabilar Igbo ne na babban mawakin [[Najeriya]] wanda ya kasance shugaban kungiyar ‘yan uwa ta Oriental Brothers International Band wadda ta shahara a fagen wakokin Igbo na Najeriya tsawon shekaru da dama.<ref name="Duru, Ben 1999">Duru, Ben. "Musicians, Others Remember Sir Warrior". ''Post Express''. 2 July 1999.</ref> Ya yi wasa da farko a Najeriya,da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya a wurare irin su Landan da Amurka tare da ma'aikatansa.Asali,wanda ya kafa kungiyar shine Ferdinand Emeka Opara.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}</link> == Aikin kiɗa == Dokta Sir Warrior ya sami damar canza ayyukansa zuwa aiki mai nasara a cikin 1970s lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar Oriental Brothers International Band.Ƙungiyar daga baya ta rabu,ta kai ga Prince Ichita & the Great Oriental Brothers International Band,Oriental Brothers International,sannan kuma ainihin Dr.Sir Warrior & His Oriental Brothers International,wanda ake kira The Oriental Original.Yana da kusan platinum 12 da zinare 10 a cikin aikinsa.<ref>Obi, Felix. [http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2005/feb/271.html "Whither Nigerian Music?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223123357/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2005/feb/271.html |date=2022-02-23 }}, nigeriaWorld.com. 27 February 2005. Retrieved on 12 January 2006, from .</ref> </link> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Iyali == Dr Sir Warrior ya yi aure kuma ya haifi ‘ya’ya biyar (maza uku da mata biyu).Ɗansa na fari ya ce game da shi "Bai bar mu mu sha'awar kiɗa ba.Ya so mu fara gama karatunmu.Ya kan jaddada cewa ilimi shi ne mafi kyawun gado,sauran abubuwa za su iya biyo baya daga baya.”Karamin Ajuzieogu ya san cewa wata rana zai zama babban mawaki kamar mahaifinsa.Dukansu sun ce,"Matukar mun yi niyyar yin waka a matsayin sana'a,za mu ci gaba da bin burin mahaifinmu".[[Oliver De Coque]] ya taƙaita abin da ya gada,wanda a cikin bayar da girmamawa ga Dokta Sir Warrior,ya ce,"Shi mutum ne mai kyau da ƙauna.Mun yi hasarar irin wannan baiwar a rayuwa.”<ref name="Duru, Ben 1999">Duru, Ben. "Musicians, Others Remember Sir Warrior". ''Post Express''. 2 July 1999.</ref> Ko da yake 'ya'yansa a halin yanzu suna aiki don dawwamar da shi a matsayin babban labari a tarihin Afirka,Sir Warrior ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni,1999,saboda gajeriyar rashin lafiya bayan wasanni 2 na karshe. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:haifaffun 1954]] [[category:mutuwan 1999]] bchcq3nd17jb8yykjq5fql9rmgikz40 0 58076 841320 451850 2026-05-28T09:27:42Z Al husuna 36457 841320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Celestine Ukwu'''{{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Celestine Ukwu.wav|Saurara|help=no}} (1940–7 ga Mayu 1977)<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/celestine-ukwu-mn0000762562|title=Celestine Ukwu Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> mawaƙin ɗan [[Igbo highlife|kabilar Igbo]] ne na Najeriya a shekarun 1960 da 1970,wanda aka fi sani da wakokinsa na “Ije Enu”,“Igede” da “Money Palava”.An bayyana shi a matsayin "fitaccen mawaki kuma fitaccen mawaki" na mai sukar waka Benson Idonije na Rediyon Najeriya Biyu,an nuna ayyukan Ukwu a kan harhada wakokin duniya daban-daban ciki har da ''The Rough Guide to Highlife'' da ''The Rough Guide to Psychedelic Africa''. == Rayuwa == An haifi Ukwu a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] ga iyaye masu son kida.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chimezie |first=Chika |title=Celestine Ukwu's Musical Philosophy: Is This the Sweet Spot of Highlife? |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/celestine-ukwu-musical-philosophy/ |website=Afrocritik}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai yin waƙar igede,ikpa da ode nau'in kiɗan Igbo yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance jagorar mawaƙa a ƙungiyar kiɗan mata.Sa’ad da yake ƙarami,ya soma koyon karatun kaɗe-kaɗe da yin wasan jituwa tare da taimakon kawunsa.Bayan kammala karatun firamare ya tafi makarantar horas da malamai na tsawon shekaru biyu amma ya bar aikin waka a matsayin sana’a.Ya ci gaba da shiga kungiyar Mike Ejeagha ta Paradise Rhythm Orchestra a shekarar 1962 a Enugu a matsayin mawaki kuma dan wasan maraca kafin ya tafi ya shiga kungiyar Mr.Picolo da ke rangadi a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] a lokacin.Ya dawo Najeriya ya kafa kungiyarsa mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Royals of Nigeria a shekarar 1966 wanda daga baya aka wargaje a shekarar 1967 bayan barkewar [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|yakin basasar Najeriya]],kafin ya fitar da wata waka a lokacin barkewar yakin mai taken 'Hail Biafra'.'.Bayan yakin,Ukwu ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Philosophers National;tare da wanda ya fitar da albam da dama,ciki har da ''Igede Fantasia'' wanda ya yi kyau a kasuwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin waka == An yi wakokinsa da farko a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]] tare da ɗan [[Harshen Efik|Efik]].A cikin bugu na 1986 na ''Thisweek'',wani marubuci ya taɓa rubuta cewa waƙarsa "sun ba da abinci don tunani ga masu sauraronsa".<ref name="Collins1985">{{cite book|author=John Collins|title=Musicmakers of West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&pg=PA51|year=1985|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-0-89410-075-8|pages=51–}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1977.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/43-years-after-celestine-ukwus-guitarist-opens-up-on-him/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=43 years after, Celestine Ukwu's guitarist opens up on him|date=3 August 2019|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> Both men would die at the hospital from their injuries.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 3, 2019 |title=43 years after, Celestine Ukwu's guitarist opens up on him |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/43-years-after-celestine-ukwus-guitarist-opens-up-on-him/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Albums == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Albums ! scope="col" | Take ! scope="col" | Bayanin Album |- | scope="row" | ''Falsafar Gaskiya'' | * An sake shi: 1971 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Gobe babu tabbas'' | * An sake shi: 1973 * Tag: Phillips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ndu Ka Aku'' | * An sake shi: 1974 * Tag: Philips/ Phonogram * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ilo Abu Chi'' | * An sake shi: 1974 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ejim Nk'onye'' | * An sake shi: 1975 * Tag: Philips/Phonogram * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Igede Fantasia'' | * An sake shi: 1976 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1940]] m6ifw2by1fsylvlzdvvx2ky0ilfhipk 841323 841320 2026-05-28T09:28:16Z Al husuna 36457 841323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Celestine Ukwu'''{{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Celestine Ukwu.wav|Saurara|help=no}} (1940–7 ga Mayu 1977)<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/celestine-ukwu-mn0000762562|title=Celestine Ukwu Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> mawaƙin ɗan [[Igbo highlife|kabilar Igbo]] ne na Najeriya a shekarun 1960 da 1970,wanda aka fi sani da wakokinsa na “Ije Enu”,“Igede” da “Money Palava”.An bayyana shi a matsayin "fitaccen mawaki kuma fitaccen mawaki" na mai sukar waka Benson Idonije na Rediyon Najeriya Biyu,an nuna ayyukan Ukwu a kan harhada wakokin duniya daban-daban ciki har da ''The Rough Guide to Highlife'' da ''The Rough Guide to Psychedelic Africa''. == Rayuwa == An haifi Ukwu a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] ga iyaye masu son kida.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chimezie |first=Chika |title=Celestine Ukwu's Musical Philosophy: Is This the Sweet Spot of Highlife? |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/celestine-ukwu-musical-philosophy/ |website=Afrocritik}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai yin waƙar igede,ikpa da ode nau'in kiɗan Igbo yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance jagorar mawaƙa a ƙungiyar kiɗan mata.Sa’ad da yake ƙarami,ya soma koyon karatun kaɗe-kaɗe da yin wasan jituwa tare da taimakon kawunsa.Bayan kammala karatun firamare ya tafi makarantar horas da malamai na tsawon shekaru biyu amma ya bar aikin waka a matsayin sana’a.Ya ci gaba da shiga kungiyar Mike Ejeagha ta Paradise Rhythm Orchestra a shekarar 1962 a Enugu a matsayin mawaki kuma dan wasan maraca kafin ya tafi ya shiga kungiyar Mr.Picolo da ke rangadi a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] a lokacin.Ya dawo Najeriya ya kafa kungiyarsa mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Royals of Nigeria a shekarar 1966 wanda daga baya aka wargaje a shekarar 1967 bayan barkewar [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|yakin basasar Najeriya]],kafin ya fitar da wata waka a lokacin barkewar yakin mai taken 'Hail Biafra'.'.Bayan yakin,Ukwu ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna Celestine Ukwu & His Philosophers National;tare da wanda ya fitar da albam da dama,ciki har da ''Igede Fantasia'' wanda ya yi kyau a kasuwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin waka == An yi wakokinsa da farko a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]] tare da ɗan [[Harshen Efik|Efik]].A cikin bugu na 1986 na ''Thisweek'',wani marubuci ya taɓa rubuta cewa waƙarsa "sun ba da abinci don tunani ga masu sauraronsa".<ref name="Collins1985">{{cite book|author=John Collins|title=Musicmakers of West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&pg=PA51|year=1985|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-0-89410-075-8|pages=51–}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a wani hatsarin mota a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1977.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/43-years-after-celestine-ukwus-guitarist-opens-up-on-him/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=43 years after, Celestine Ukwu's guitarist opens up on him|date=3 August 2019|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref> Both men would die at the hospital from their injuries.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 3, 2019 |title=43 years after, Celestine Ukwu's guitarist opens up on him |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/43-years-after-celestine-ukwus-guitarist-opens-up-on-him/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Albums == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Albums ! scope="col" | Take ! scope="col" | Bayanin Album |- | scope="row" | ''Falsafar Gaskiya'' | * An sake shi: 1971 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Gobe babu tabbas'' | * An sake shi: 1973 * Tag: Phillips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ndu Ka Aku'' | * An sake shi: 1974 * Tag: Philips/ Phonogram * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ilo Abu Chi'' | * An sake shi: 1974 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Ejim Nk'onye'' | * An sake shi: 1975 * Tag: Philips/Phonogram * Formats: LP |- | scope="row" | ''Igede Fantasia'' | * An sake shi: 1976 * Tag: Philips * Formats: LP |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1940]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1977]] qqafcgn8oev3nca01ofhc002hrj1ggy 0 59370 840646 517826 2026-05-28T04:06:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Motu_River,_Opotiki_District.jpg|thumb| Motu kogin bakin]] [[Fayil:Motu Falls.jpg|thumb|zubar ruwan motu]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Motu River. ATLIB 291783.png|thumb|kogin motu]] '''Kogin Motu''' babbar hanyar ruwa ce a gabashin dake Arewacin wanda yake bangaren kasar arewa dake Tsibirin [[New Zealand|New]] Zealand. Ya tashi kudu-maso-yamma na Mātāwai a cikin gundumar Gisborne, a gefen kudu maso yamma na Raukūmara Range, kuma ta nufi arewa wajen zuwa Tekun Pacific. Yana gudana a cikin kwazazzabo gaba ɗaya ta cikin kewayon, inda mahimman raƙuman ruwa ke haɗuwa da shi.Ya mamaye Gabashin Bay na Plenty a Houpoto, tsakanin Hawai da Ōmāio, {{Convert|31|km|mi}} arewa-maso-gabas na Opotiki. Kogin ya ratsa ta ƙasar tuddai da ba kowa ba,yana da tudu sosai kuma har yanzu yana da kauri a cikin dajin. Ana amfani da shi da yawa don yawon shakatawa na kasada (jet-boating da farin ruwa rafting). Hanyar farko na zamani ya tafi kogin,daga Mōtū Falls zuwa bakinsa, ta kasance a cikin 1920 ta 'yan'uwan Fisher da S. Thorburn, kuma wannan an sake kafa shi a cikin 2013 ta Kevin Biggar da Jamie Fitzgerald a cikin jerin 2 na "Tsarin Farko na Farko. " Jerin talabijan. An yi watsi da shawarar tsakiyar karni na 20 na datse kogin don samar da wutar lantarki . <ref>G. W. Gray, 1954. "An Account of the Motu River Hydro Investigations". ''Whakatane Historical Society Newsletter'' 15/2:140-142</ref> <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|37|51|S|177|35|E|region:NZ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Silsilolin TV na Farko Crossings: [http://tvnz.co.nz/first-crossings TV One] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140717215124/http://tvnz.co.nz/first-crossings |date=2014-07-17 }}, [https://www.facebook.com/FirstCrossings shafin Facebook] da [https://web.archive.org/web/20140717093947/http://www.firstcrossings.co.nz/ gidan yanar gizo] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bheg0n5vreeg7dvn1xuokrxttuzcw4j 0 62390 840594 743869 2026-05-27T21:58:24Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347521773|Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]" 840594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1971) shi ne darektan [[Fim|fina-finai]] na Najeriya kuma mai shirya fina-fakkaata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101710/ |access-date=16 January 2017 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An san shi da De' Guvnor na [[Nollywood]] . [[Edo State|Edo]]/" id="mwEg" rel="ve:NumberedLink">[1] Shi ɗan fim ne wanda aka haife shi a Edo wanda ya samar da fina-finai sama da ɗari biyar da ƙidaya. An san shi sosai da fim din tarihinsa na 2014, Invasion 1897. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giant |first=Africa |date=2025-11-19 |title=Invasion 1897: A Pivotal Benin Kingdom Historical Drama |url=https://www.africagiant.org/invasion-1897-film-analysis/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Africa Giant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Imasuen ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai tun 1995, galibi a matsayin darektan fina-fakkaatu da furodusa. A halin yanzu yana zaune a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Fim dinsa suna nuna fannoni da ba a gano su ba game da kwarewar Afirka ciki har da kabilanci, maita, aikata laifuka, talauci, addini, da kuma imani na mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review at The AFRican Lifestyle Magazine |url=http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103834/http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Imasuen ya yi fim mai suna ''Nogbaisi Ovonramwen'' a cikin 2013. Fim din ya kasance game da Oba Ovonramwen, Oba mai zaman kansa na karshe na Benin. A shekara ta 2025, ya yi bikin cika shekaru talatin a masana'antar. Ya ƙaddamar da littafin tarihinsa A Trip in Motion, a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2025, a Cibiyar Alliance Française / Mike Adenuga, Ikoyi, Legas, tare da manyan mutane da suka halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor2 |date=2025-11-02 |title=Lancelot Imasuen caps 30-year career celebration with launch of “A Trip in Motion” memoir |url=https://thisislagos.ng/lancelot-imasuen-caps-30-year-career-celebration-with-launch-of-a-trip-in-motion-memoir/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=This Is Lagos |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=A Celebratory Night in Lagos: 'A Trip in Motion' Book Launch Honours Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen - NigeriaMag |url=https://nigeriamag.com/a-celebratory-night-in-lagos-a-trip-in-motion-book-launch-honours-lancelot-oduwa-imasuen/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == ''Nollywood Babila'' == A shekara ta 2008, wani shirin Kanada, Nollywood Babylon, wanda Ben Addelman da Samir Mallal suka jagoranta, kuma AM Pictures da Hukumar Fim ta Kasa ta Kanada ne suka samar da shi tare da Tashar Fim, ya bi Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen yayin da yake harbi fim dinsa na 157 Bent Arrows . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Rashin da ke Zunubi (1999) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * Zunubi Mai Zaman Kanta (2003) * ''Bautar'' (2004) * ''Lokaci na Gaskiya'' (2005) * ''[[Games Men Play|Wasanni Maza suna Wasan]]'' (2006) * Yahoo Miliyan (2007) * ''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' (2008) * ''Rashin jituwa'' (2009) * An sake sake shi (2009) * ''Gida a cikin gudun hijira'' (2010) * Bent Arrows (2010) * ''[[A Private Storm|Guguwa Mai Zaman Kanta]]'' (2010) * ''Adesuwa'' (2012) * ''[[Invasion 1897|mamayewa 1897]]'' (2014) * ''ABCs na Mutuwa 2'' (Sashe na L shine don Kyauta) (2014) * "ATM (Authentic Tentative Marriage) " (2016) * ''Ƙauna A kan Duwatsu (2018) '' * ''Queens na Rant (2019) '' * ''Enakhe (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=Africa Magic's Enakhe goes South to find its Flavor |url=https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116015218/https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=TNS}}</ref>'' * ''Amfanin Mutuwa (2021) '' * ''Don Ƙaunar Isiuwa (2021) '' * ''[[Gbege]] (2022) '' * ''Ƙaunar da ke cikin gyarawa (2023) '' * ''Babban Mutum (2023) '' * ''Issakaba ya dawo (2024) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7qj44c5bxw6zu8k6qfyjed3b5k9u1hx 840596 840594 2026-05-27T22:00:37Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1971) shi ne darektan [[Fim|fina-finai]] na Najeriya kuma mai shirya fina-fakkaata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101710/ |access-date=16 January 2017 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An san shi da De' Guvnor na [[Nollywood]] . [[Edo State|Edo]]/" id="mwEg" rel="ve:NumberedLink">[1] Shi ɗan fim ne wanda aka haife shi a Edo wanda ya samar da fina-finai sama da ɗari biyar da ƙidaya. An san shi sosai da fim din tarihinsa na 2014, Invasion 1897. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giant |first=Africa |date=2025-11-19 |title=Invasion 1897: A Pivotal Benin Kingdom Historical Drama |url=https://www.africagiant.org/invasion-1897-film-analysis/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Africa Giant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Imasuen ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai tun 1995, galibi a matsayin darektan fina-fakkaatu da furodusa. A halin yanzu yana zaune a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Fim dinsa suna nuna fannoni da ba a gano su ba game da kwarewar Afirka ciki har da kabilanci, maita, aikata laifuka, talauci, addini, da kuma imani na mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review at The AFRican Lifestyle Magazine |url=http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103834/http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Imasuen ya yi fim mai suna ''Nogbaisi Ovonramwen'' a cikin 2013. Fim din ya kasance game da Oba Ovonramwen, Oba mai zaman kansa na karshe na Benin. A shekara ta 2025, ya yi bikin cika shekaru talatin a masana'antar. Ya ƙaddamar da littafin tarihinsa A Trip in Motion, a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2025, a Cibiyar Alliance Française / Mike Adenuga, Ikoyi, Legas, tare da manyan mutane da suka halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor2 |date=2025-11-02 |title=Lancelot Imasuen caps 30-year career celebration with launch of “A Trip in Motion” memoir |url=https://thisislagos.ng/lancelot-imasuen-caps-30-year-career-celebration-with-launch-of-a-trip-in-motion-memoir/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=This Is Lagos |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=A Celebratory Night in Lagos: 'A Trip in Motion' Book Launch Honours Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen - NigeriaMag |url=https://nigeriamag.com/a-celebratory-night-in-lagos-a-trip-in-motion-book-launch-honours-lancelot-oduwa-imasuen/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == ''Nollywood Babila'' == A shekara ta 2008, wani shirin Kanada, Nollywood Babylon, wanda Ben Addelman da Samir Mallal suka jagoranta, kuma AM Pictures da Hukumar Fim ta Kasa ta Kanada ne suka samar da shi tare da Tashar Fim, ya bi Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen yayin da yake harbi fim dinsa na 157 Bent Arrows . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Rashin da ke Zunubi (1999) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * Zunubi Mai Zaman Kanta (2003) * ''Bautar'' (2004) * ''Lokaci na Gaskiya'' (2005) * ''[[Games Men Play|Wasanni Maza suna Wasan]]'' (2006) * Yahoo Miliyan (2007) * ''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' (2008) * ''Rashin jituwa'' (2009) * An sake sake shi (2009) * ''Gida a cikin gudun hijira'' (2010) * Bent Arrows (2010) * ''[[A Private Storm|Guguwa Mai Zaman Kanta]]'' (2010) * ''Adesuwa'' (2012) * ''[[Invasion 1897|mamayewa 1897]]'' (2014) * ''ABCs na Mutuwa 2'' (Sashe na L shine don Kyauta) (2014) * "ATM (Authentic Tentative Marriage) " (2016) * ''Ƙauna A kan Duwatsu (2018) '' * ''Queens na Rant (2019) '' * ''Enakhe (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=Africa Magic's Enakhe goes South to find its Flavor |url=https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116015218/https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=TNS}}</ref>'' * ''Amfanin Mutuwa (2021) '' * ''Don Ƙaunar Isiuwa (2021) '' * ''[[Gbege]] (2022) '' * ''Ƙaunar da ke cikin gyarawa (2023) '' * ''Babban Mutum (2023) '' * ''Issakaba ya dawo (2024) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 72jlkvn91v3tsnqek09i2rjbrwvc6il 840597 840596 2026-05-27T22:04:18Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1971) shi ne darektan [[Fim|fina-finai]] na Najeriya kuma mai shirya fina-fakkaata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101710/ |access-date=16 January 2017 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An san shi da De' Guvnor na [[Nollywood]] . [[Edo State|Edo]]/" id="mwEg" rel="ve:NumberedLink">[1] Shi ɗan fim ne wanda aka haife shi a Edo wanda ya samar da fina-finai sama da ɗari biyar da ƙidaya. An san shi sosai da fim din tarihinsa na 2014, Invasion 1897. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giant |first=Africa |date=2025-11-19 |title=Invasion 1897: A Pivotal Benin Kingdom Historical Drama |url=https://www.africagiant.org/invasion-1897-film-analysis/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Africa Giant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Imasuen ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai tun 1995, galibi a matsayin darektan fina-fakkaatu da furodusa. A halin yanzu yana zaune a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. Fim dinsa suna nuna fannoni da ba a gano su ba game da kwarewar [[Afirka]] ciki har da kabilanci, maita, aikata laifuka, talauci, addini, da kuma imani na mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review at The AFRican Lifestyle Magazine |url=http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103834/http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Imasuen ya yi fim mai suna ''Nogbaisi Ovonramwen'' a cikin 2013. Fim din ya kasance game da Oba Ovonramwen, Oba mai zaman kansa na karshe na Benin. A shekara ta 2025, ya yi bikin cika shekaru talatin a masana'antar. Ya ƙaddamar da littafin tarihinsa A Trip in Motion, a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2025, a Cibiyar Alliance Française / Mike Adenuga, Ikoyi, Legas, tare da manyan mutane da suka halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor2 |date=2025-11-02 |title=Lancelot Imasuen caps 30-year career celebration with launch of “A Trip in Motion” memoir |url=https://thisislagos.ng/lancelot-imasuen-caps-30-year-career-celebration-with-launch-of-a-trip-in-motion-memoir/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=This Is Lagos |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=A Celebratory Night in Lagos: 'A Trip in Motion' Book Launch Honours Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen - NigeriaMag |url=https://nigeriamag.com/a-celebratory-night-in-lagos-a-trip-in-motion-book-launch-honours-lancelot-oduwa-imasuen/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == ''Nollywood Babila'' == A shekara ta 2008, wani shirin Kanada, Nollywood Babylon, wanda Ben Addelman da Samir Mallal suka jagoranta, kuma AM Pictures da Hukumar Fim ta Kasa ta Kanada ne suka samar da shi tare da Tashar Fim, ya bi Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen yayin da yake harbi fim dinsa na 157 Bent Arrows . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Rashin da ke Zunubi (1999) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * Zunubi Mai Zaman Kanta (2003) * ''Bautar'' (2004) * ''Lokaci na Gaskiya'' (2005) * ''[[Games Men Play|Wasanni Maza suna Wasan]]'' (2006) * Yahoo Miliyan (2007) * ''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' (2008) * ''Rashin jituwa'' (2009) * An sake sake shi (2009) * ''Gida a cikin gudun hijira'' (2010) * Bent Arrows (2010) * ''[[A Private Storm|Guguwa Mai Zaman Kanta]]'' (2010) * ''Adesuwa'' (2012) * ''[[Invasion 1897|mamayewa 1897]]'' (2014) * ''ABCs na Mutuwa 2'' (Sashe na L shine don Kyauta) (2014) * "ATM (Authentic Tentative Marriage) " (2016) * ''Ƙauna A kan Duwatsu (2018) '' * ''Queens na Rant (2019) '' * ''Enakhe (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=Africa Magic's Enakhe goes South to find its Flavor |url=https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116015218/https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=TNS}}</ref>'' * ''Amfanin Mutuwa (2021) '' * ''Don Ƙaunar Isiuwa (2021) '' * ''[[Gbege]] (2022) '' * ''Ƙaunar da ke cikin gyarawa (2023) '' * ''Babban Mutum (2023) '' * ''Issakaba ya dawo (2024) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4b7940rj03z5xt58tem6o5rctq6gs3g 840598 840597 2026-05-27T22:05:09Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1971) shi ne darektan [[Fim|fina-finai]] na Najeriya kuma mai shirya fina-fakkaata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2101710/ |access-date=16 January 2017 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An san shi da De' Guvnor na [[Nollywood]] . [[Edo State|Edo]]/" id="mwEg" rel="ve:NumberedLink">[1] Shi ɗan fim ne wanda aka haife shi a Edo wanda ya samar da fina-finai sama da ɗari biyar da ƙidaya. An san shi sosai da fim din tarihinsa na 2014, Invasion 1897. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giant |first=Africa |date=2025-11-19 |title=Invasion 1897: A Pivotal Benin Kingdom Historical Drama |url=https://www.africagiant.org/invasion-1897-film-analysis/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Africa Giant |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Imasuen ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai tun 1995, galibi a matsayin darektan fina-fakkaatu da furodusa. A halin yanzu yana zaune a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]]. [[Fim]] dinsa suna nuna fannoni da ba a gano su ba game da kwarewar [[Afirka]] ciki har da kabilanci, maita, aikata laifuka, talauci, addini, da kuma imani na mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review at The AFRican Lifestyle Magazine |url=http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103834/http://www.africanmag.com/ARTICLE-379-design001 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Imasuen ya yi fim mai suna ''Nogbaisi Ovonramwen'' a cikin 2013. Fim din ya kasance game da Oba Ovonramwen, Oba mai zaman kansa na karshe na Benin. A shekara ta 2025, ya yi bikin cika shekaru talatin a masana'antar. Ya ƙaddamar da littafin tarihinsa A Trip in Motion, a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2025, a Cibiyar Alliance Française / Mike Adenuga, Ikoyi, Legas, tare da manyan mutane da suka halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor2 |date=2025-11-02 |title=Lancelot Imasuen caps 30-year career celebration with launch of “A Trip in Motion” memoir |url=https://thisislagos.ng/lancelot-imasuen-caps-30-year-career-celebration-with-launch-of-a-trip-in-motion-memoir/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=This Is Lagos |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=A Celebratory Night in Lagos: 'A Trip in Motion' Book Launch Honours Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen - NigeriaMag |url=https://nigeriamag.com/a-celebratory-night-in-lagos-a-trip-in-motion-book-launch-honours-lancelot-oduwa-imasuen/ |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == ''Nollywood Babila'' == A shekara ta 2008, wani shirin Kanada, Nollywood Babylon, wanda Ben Addelman da Samir Mallal suka jagoranta, kuma AM Pictures da Hukumar Fim ta Kasa ta Kanada ne suka samar da shi tare da Tashar Fim, ya bi Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen yayin da yake harbi fim dinsa na 157 Bent Arrows . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Rashin da ke Zunubi (1999) * ''[[The Last Burial|Kabari na Ƙarshe]]'' (2000) * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * Zunubi Mai Zaman Kanta (2003) * ''Bautar'' (2004) * ''Lokaci na Gaskiya'' (2005) * ''[[Games Men Play|Wasanni Maza suna Wasan]]'' (2006) * Yahoo Miliyan (2007) * ''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' (2008) * ''Rashin jituwa'' (2009) * An sake sake shi (2009) * ''Gida a cikin gudun hijira'' (2010) * Bent Arrows (2010) * ''[[A Private Storm|Guguwa Mai Zaman Kanta]]'' (2010) * ''Adesuwa'' (2012) * ''[[Invasion 1897|mamayewa 1897]]'' (2014) * ''ABCs na Mutuwa 2'' (Sashe na L shine don Kyauta) (2014) * "ATM (Authentic Tentative Marriage) " (2016) * ''Ƙauna A kan Duwatsu (2018) '' * ''Queens na Rant (2019) '' * ''Enakhe (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=Africa Magic's Enakhe goes South to find its Flavor |url=https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116015218/https://tns.ng/africa-magics-enakhe-goes-south-to-find-its-flavor/ |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=TNS}}</ref>'' * ''Amfanin Mutuwa (2021) '' * ''Don Ƙaunar Isiuwa (2021) '' * ''[[Gbege]] (2022) '' * ''Ƙaunar da ke cikin gyarawa (2023) '' * ''Babban Mutum (2023) '' * ''Issakaba ya dawo (2024) '' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] avjix8001qblqj6jyjlg5ruk108ope9 0 64904 840774 817998 2026-05-28T05:01:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Koke 2019.jpg|thumb|koke]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Koke | full_name = Jorge Resurrección Merodio | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|1|8}} | birth_place = Madrid, Spain | position = Midfielder | currentclub = Atlético Madrid | clubnumber = 6 | youthyears1 = 2000–2008 | youthclubs1 = Atlético Madrid | years1 = 2009– | clubs1 = Atlético Madrid | caps1 = 400+ | goals1 = 40+ | nationalyears1 = 2008 | nationalteam1 = Spain U16 | nationalyears2 = 2008–2009 | nationalteam2 = Spain U17 | nationalyears3 = 2010 | nationalteam3 = Spain U18 | nationalyears4 = 2010–2011 | nationalteam4 = Spain U19 | nationalyears5 = 2011–2013 | nationalteam5 = Spain U21 | nationalyears6 = 2013– | nationalteam6 = Spain }} '''Jorge Resurrección Merodio''' (an haife shi 8 Janairu 1992), wanda aka fi sani da '''Koke''', ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[Atlético Madrid]] a gasar [[La Liga]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Koke Profile|url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/en/players/koke|publisher=Atlético Madrid}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Koke a birnin Madrid na ƙasar Spain, kuma tun yana ƙarami ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Atlético Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Koke Biography|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/koke|publisher=La Liga}}</ref> Ya taso ne a tsarin horo na kulob ɗin wanda aka sani da samar da matasa masu hazaka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Atlético Youth Academy|url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/en/academy|publisher=Atlético Madrid}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == Koke ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar [[Atlético Madrid]] wasa a shekarar 2009 yana ɗan shekara 17.<ref>{{cite news|title=Koke makes senior debut|url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/atletico.html|publisher=Marca}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokaci ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsakiyar fili, inda ya taka rawa wajen lashe gasar [[La Liga]] a kakar 2013–14.<ref>{{cite news|title=Atlético win La Liga 2013-14|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/27470663|publisher=BBC Sport}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma taimaka wa kulob ɗin wajen lashe [[Copa del Rey]] da kuma [[UEFA Europa League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Europa League honours|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Koke ya zama kyaftin na ƙungiyar bayan tafiyar wasu manyan 'yan wasa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Koke named captain|url=https://www.reuters.com/football/|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Koke ya wakilci ƙasar Spain a matakan matasa daban-daban kafin ya fara buga wa babbar tawagar ƙasa wasa a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain National Team Profile|url=https://www.rfef.es/en/selecciones/jugadores/koke|publisher=RFEF}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya halarci gasar [[FIFA World Cup]] ta 2014 da kuma [[UEFA Euro 2016]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Spain World Cup Squad 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2014brazil|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Koke da iya sarrafa ƙwallo, bayar da taimakon kwallaye (assists), da kuma hangen nesa a tsakiyar fili.<ref>{{cite web|title=Koke Style of Play|url=https://www.whoscored.com/Players/|publisher=WhoScored|access-date=2026-04-03|archive-date=2014-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124114641/http://www.whoscored.com/players/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yakan taka rawar gani a matsayin ɗan tsakiya mai kai hari ko kuma mai kare baya gwargwadon tsarin wasa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Koke tactical role|url=https://www.goal.com/en|publisher=Goal}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Atlético Madrid === * [[La Liga]]: 2013–14, 2020–21<ref>{{cite web|title=La Liga Champions|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/laliga-santander/history|publisher=La Liga}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Copa del Rey]]: 2012–13<ref>{{cite web|title=Copa del Rey Winners|url=https://www.rfef.es/|publisher=RFEF}}</ref> * [[UEFA Europa League]]: 2011–12, 2017–18<ref>{{cite web|title=Europa League History|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid players]] [[Category:La Liga players]] jdazgsshg9wei5brqepf4nsknawrpxt 0 65880 840462 436864 2026-05-27T13:05:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josephine Phelan''' (1905 – 1979), marubuciyar Kanada kuma ma’aikaciyar laburare, ya sami lambar yabo ta Gwamna Janar don almara na Ingilishi a cikin 1951 don ''The Ardent Exile'', tarihin rayuwar Thomas D'Arcy McGee . An haife ta a Hamilton,Phelan ta yi karatu a Guelph kuma a Jami'ar Toronto inda ta sami Jagora na Tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicauthors.com/phelan.html |title="Josephine Phelan" in Catholic Authors |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223110202/http://catholicauthors.com/phelan.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bayan halartar Kwalejin Ilimi ta Ontario,<ref name="Josephine Phelan Fonds">[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/literaryarchives/027011-200.102-e.html Library and Archives Canada. Josephine Phelan Fonds]</ref>Phelan ta koyar da makarantar sakandare kafin ta koma Montreal don yin aiki a bugawa.A cikin 1931,ta koma Jami'ar Toronto kuma ta sami digiri a kimiyyar ɗakin karatu a 1931 kuma ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Toronto daga 1932 zuwa 1965.<ref name="Josephine Phelan Fonds" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1979]] 48cp3drmekpat38srbpj88yp2fu3127 0 69267 840562 790751 2026-05-27T19:51:25Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347089506|Falling (2015 film)]]" 840562 wikitext text/x-wiki == Makirci == Muna da Imoh matasa ne, ma'aurata masu farin ciki. Rayuwarsu ta canza sosai lokacin da Imoh ya shiga hatsarin mota a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa aiki, ya bar shi a cikin coma. Duk da gwagwarmayar kudi, Muna ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin imanin cewa Imoh za ta sake farfadowa. Lokacin da asibitin ya yanke shawarar sallamar Imoh saboda rashin iya biyan kuɗin kiwon lafiya, Muna ta juya ga mahaifinta, Mista Mba, wanda ke ba da wani ɓangare na kudaden da ake buƙata don ci gaba da Imoh a kan tallafin rayuwa na wata. 'Yar'uwar Muna, Tina, ta ƙara damuwa game da jin daɗin Muna da kuma yanayin Imoh da ke ɗaukar ta. Tina ta shawo kan Muna ta shiga tare da ita a wani taron, duk da rashin son Muna. A kulob din, Tina ta raba halin Muna tare da abokinta Yemi, wanda ke ƙoƙarin jawo Muna. Wannan ya fusata Muna, amma Tina ta bayyana cewa Yemi likita ce kuma tana iya taimakawa tare da yanayin Imoh, wanda ya zama dalilin da ya sa ta raba bayanan sirri. Kodayake Yemi ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi abota da Muna, da farko ta yi tsayayya da alherinsa. Bayan lokaci, duk da haka, sun kusanci, kuma Muna ta fara sake gina rayuwarta, har ma da sake tabbatar da aikinta na rubuce-rubuce duk da rashin goyon baya daga mai gabatarwa. Yayin da dangantakarsu ta zurfafa, Muna ta sami kanta a cikin wani lokaci mai rauni kuma tana da jima'i da Yemi, wanda ke haifar da ciki mara kyau. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan Muna ta gano cewa tana da ciki, Imoh ta hanyar mu'ujiza ta sake farkawa kuma an sallame ta daga asibiti, ta bar Muna ta yi fama da rikitarwa sakamakon ayyukanta. Imoh ya fara nuna halayyar ban mamaki, yana haifar da tuhuma a Yemi. Lokacin da Muna ta sanar da Imoh game da ciki, sai ya bukaci ta dakatar da shi, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da gwagwarmaya a cikin dangantakarsu. A halin yanzu, bayan ya koyi game da yaron, Yemi ya nace cewa Muna ta riƙe jaririn, ta yi imanin cewa alama ce ta cewa an ƙaddara su kasance tare. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Adesua Etomi]] a matsayin Muna * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Imoh * [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] a matsayin Yemi * [[Tamara Eteimo]] a matsayin Tina * [[Desmond Elliot]] a matsayin kansa * [[Kofi Adjorlolo]] a matsayin Mista Mba * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin mai gabatarwa == Fitarwa da saki == An harbe Falling a wurin a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] na tsawon makonni biyu. Wannan fim din shine kokarin farko na [[Uduak Isong Oguamanam|Uduak]]_Isong_Oguamanam" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uduak Isong Oguamanam">Uduak Isong Oguamanam a matsayin mai shirya fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinsemoyin, Adeola |date=2 August 2015 |title=Uduak Isong Produces First Solo Movie, "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/uduak-isong-produces-first-solo-movie-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS)}}</ref> An saki hotunan fim din a kan layi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=28 May 2015 |title=Check out 1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085022/http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie:Falling |url=http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605055157/http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Makin Magazine}}</ref> An saki trailer don fim din a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Falade, Yemi |date=16 May 2015 |title=Watch Adesua Etomi & Blossom Chukwujekwu In Uduak Isong's "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/watch-adesua-etomi-blossom-chukwujekwu-in-uduak-isongs-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS)}}</ref> An sake wani hoton a kan layi a watan Yulin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=13 July 2015 |title=New poster features Blossom Chukwujekwu, Kunle Rhemmy, Adesua Etomi |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620060002/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref> Uduak ya ba da sanarwar cewa fim din zai fara ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2015 kuma za a sake shi a wannan rana. == Manazarta == 67e7gegon1fsvc64pyh898z8xs14vqt 840563 840562 2026-05-27T19:52:01Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Makirci == Muna da Imoh matasa ne, ma'aurata masu farin ciki. Rayuwarsu ta canza sosai lokacin da Imoh ya shiga hatsarin mota a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa aiki, ya bar shi a cikin coma. Duk da gwagwarmayar kudi, Muna ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin imanin cewa Imoh za ta sake farfadowa. Lokacin da asibitin ya yanke shawarar sallamar Imoh saboda rashin iya biyan kuɗin kiwon lafiya, Muna ta juya ga mahaifinta, Mista Mba, wanda ke ba da wani ɓangare na kudaden da ake buƙata don ci gaba da Imoh a kan tallafin rayuwa na wata. 'Yar'uwar Muna, Tina, ta ƙara damuwa game da jin daɗin Muna da kuma yanayin Imoh da ke ɗaukar ta. Tina ta shawo kan Muna ta shiga tare da ita a wani taron, duk da rashin son Muna. A kulob din, Tina ta raba halin Muna tare da abokinta Yemi, wanda ke ƙoƙarin jawo Muna. Wannan ya fusata Muna, amma Tina ta bayyana cewa Yemi likita ce kuma tana iya taimakawa tare da yanayin Imoh, wanda ya zama dalilin da ya sa ta raba bayanan sirri. Kodayake Yemi ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi abota da Muna, da farko ta yi tsayayya da alherinsa. Bayan lokaci, duk da haka, sun kusanci, kuma Muna ta fara sake gina rayuwarta, har ma da sake tabbatar da aikinta na rubuce-rubuce duk da rashin goyon baya daga mai gabatarwa. Yayin da dangantakarsu ta zurfafa, Muna ta sami kanta a cikin wani lokaci mai rauni kuma tana da jima'i da Yemi, wanda ke haifar da ciki mara kyau. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan Muna ta gano cewa tana da ciki, Imoh ta hanyar mu'ujiza ta sake farkawa kuma an sallame ta daga asibiti, ta bar Muna ta yi fama da rikitarwa sakamakon ayyukanta. Imoh ya fara nuna halayyar ban mamaki, yana haifar da tuhuma a Yemi. Lokacin da Muna ta sanar da Imoh game da ciki, sai ya bukaci ta dakatar da shi, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da gwagwarmaya a cikin dangantakarsu. A halin yanzu, bayan ya koyi game da yaron, Yemi ya nace cewa Muna ta riƙe jaririn, ta yi imanin cewa alama ce ta cewa an ƙaddara su kasance tare. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Adesua Etomi]] a matsayin Muna * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Imoh * [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] a matsayin Yemi * [[Tamara Eteimo]] a matsayin Tina * [[Desmond Elliot]] a matsayin kansa * [[Kofi Adjorlolo]] a matsayin Mista Mba * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin mai gabatarwa == Fitarwa da saki == An harbe Falling a wurin a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] na tsawon makonni biyu. Wannan fim din shine kokarin farko na [[Uduak Isong Oguamanam|Uduak]]_Isong_Oguamanam" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Uduak Isong Oguamanam">Uduak Isong Oguamanam a matsayin mai shirya fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinsemoyin, Adeola |date=2 August 2015 |title=Uduak Isong Produces First Solo Movie, "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/uduak-isong-produces-first-solo-movie-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS)}}</ref> An saki hotunan fim din a kan layi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=28 May 2015 |title=Check out 1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085022/http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie:Falling |url=http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605055157/http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Makin Magazine}}</ref> An saki trailer don fim din a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Falade, Yemi |date=16 May 2015 |title=Watch Adesua Etomi & Blossom Chukwujekwu In Uduak Isong's "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/watch-adesua-etomi-blossom-chukwujekwu-in-uduak-isongs-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS)}}</ref> An sake wani hoton a kan layi a watan Yulin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=13 July 2015 |title=New poster features Blossom Chukwujekwu, Kunle Rhemmy, Adesua Etomi |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620060002/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref> Uduak ya ba da sanarwar cewa fim din zai fara ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2015 kuma za a sake shi a wannan rana. == Manazarta == gqa27vabm1av9n3wn6p2zaeyqbn214l 0 71772 840620 390498 2026-05-28T00:00:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Khaled ta dubuGhorbal''' (an haife shi a 1950 a Sfax) ɗan ƙasar Tunisia ne mai shirya fina-finai kuma marubucin allo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Ghorbal Khaled|url={{Cite web|title=Africiné - Khaled Ghorbal|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/khaled-ghorbal/3206|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Africiné|language=fr|archive-date=2023-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109152701/https://www.africine.org/personne/khaled-ghorbal/3206|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Khaled Ghorbal|url=https://mubi.com/cast/khaled-ghorbal|access-date=2021-11-27|website=MUBI|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da aiki == Ghorbal ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dramatic ta [[Tunis]] . isa [[Faransa]] a shekarar 1970 don kammala karatunsa na wasan kwaikwayo, a Jami'ar Wasanni ta Duniya a Paris, a Jamiʼar Paris VIII sannan kuma a Jacques Lecoq Mime School Mouvement Théâtre . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-13|title=Fatma|url=https://www.pcmmo.org/programmation-2014/longs-metrages/400-2/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=PCMMO - Panorama des Cinémas du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2023-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109152716/https://www.pcmmo.org/programmation-2014/longs-metrages/400-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Khaled Ghorbal Archives|url=https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/en/realisateur/khaled-ghorbal-en/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=Directors' Fortnight|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109152713/https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/en/realisateur/khaled-ghorbal-en/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan a matsayin darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. shekaru goma, ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarnin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu a yankin Paris. A shekara ta 1996, ya ba da umarnin El Mokhtar (The Chosen One), fim dinsa na farko na ɗan gajeren labari, yana magana game da batun tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar matasa. An zaɓi fim ɗin a cikin bukukuwan duniya da yawa. shekara ta 1999 ya tafi [[Tunisiya]] don harba ''[[Fatma (2001 film)|Fatma]]'', fim dinsa na farko. din fara ne a Cannes kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, musamman a FESPACO. == Hotunan fina-finai == === A matsayin darektan === * 1996: El Mokhtar (The Chosen One) * : ''[[Fatma (2001 film)|Fatma]]'' [1] <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=145–146}}</ref> * : Wani tafiya mai kyau [1] [2] [3] * 2015: ''[[Zaafrane (2015 film)|Zaafrane]] (Saffron) '' == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0o930tgjd9qkyzlywcb48xlhrynid60 0 74986 840617 401567 2026-05-27T23:36:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kisita Elisabeth Massamba''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1989), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta '''Keyliza''', DJ Queen of Beats ko '''Q.O.B.,''' mawaƙiya ce ta Jamus, mai rawa, DJ, mawaƙiya, mai buga waƙa da mai yin rikodin rikodin da ke zaune a Vancouver, Kanada . R&B fi saninta da kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar R & B-pop ta Jamus Sistanova . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Massamba a ranar 11 ga Disamba, 1990, a Hanau, Jamus. Iyayenta biyu sun fito ne daga [[Angola]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . An haifi mahaifiyarta a São Salvador, arewacin Angola (a yau M'banza-Kongo) kuma tana cikin [[Masarautar Kongo]].<ref>http://www.musikmachen.de/Stories/Sistanova {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512222357/http://www.musikmachen.de/Stories/Sistanova |date=May 12, 2014 }}. "Sistanova – Musikmachen.de"</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru hudu ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] . A shekara ta 2001 ta fara samun piano, waka, rawa na jazz & darussan wasan kwaikwayo a makaranta & mawaƙa na bishara kuma ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a cikin hutun makaranta da malls inda ta gano sha'awarta don ƙirƙirar kayan kida na ''Hip Hop Beats'' . Ta sami hankalinta na farko ga kiɗa na hip hop da rap lokacin da ta saurari [[Tupac Shakur]], Bone Thugs N Harmony da Orishas . Tun tana 'yar shekara 14 tana kirkirar da kuma tsara waƙoƙi, kayan aiki, sauti da kiɗa na taken kuma wanda ya bayyana sauran Pseudonym DJ Queen of Beats. == Ayyukan kiɗa == === 2004-07: Warner Music da yawon shakatawa === Kisita ya san abokin tarayya ɗaya tun suna yara kuma sun kasance abokai na kud da kud. A cikin makarantar makaranta sun rera waƙa, sun ɗauki darasi na rawa na jazz kuma sun tsara nasu kiɗan. A cikin 2004, sun sadu da memba na uku kuma suka kirkiro kungiyar ''Black Supremes'' . Ƙungiyar ta ci gaba zuwa gasa na yanki da kuma rikodin demos. A 2005 sun sadu da samar da tawagar Noizemakers, wanda ya dauki Black Supremes karkashin sabon sunan Sistanova karkashin kwangila. A cikin 2006, an rattaba hannu kan ƙungiyar zuwa Warner Music Group . A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2007, sun saki waƙar su ta farko "Was ist los?" waƙar rawa- R&amp;amp;B wanda Thomas Troelsen ya yi wanda ya shiga Chart Singles na Jamus a lamba 76 da Charts Urban na Jamus a lamba 24. Bidiyon farko ya kasance akan VIVA Jamus da MTV Jamus . <ref>http://www.viva.tv/musikvideos_artist/5020-sistanova {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231413/http://www.viva.tv/musikvideos_artist/5020-sistanova |date=2015-08-29 }} "Sistanova – Was Ist Los"</ref> <ref>http://www.mtv.de/musikvideos/14740-sistanova-was-ist-los"Sistanova{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – Was Ist Los"</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2007 sun kasance aikin budewa ga mai yin rikodin Barbadia [[Rihanna]] don yarta ta Turai Good Girl Gone Bad Tour in ( [[München]] / Zenith, [[Köln|Cologne]] / Palladium, [[Frankfurt]] / Jahrhunderthalle, Berlin/Columbiahalle) Jamus. <ref>[[Good Girl Gone Bad Tour]] "Opening acts"</ref> <ref>http://www.journal-frankfurt.de/journal_news/Panorama-2/Turnstunde-in-der-Jahrhunderthalle-mit-Sistanova-und-Rihanna-7910.html "Turnstunde in der Jahrhunderthalle mit Sistanova und Rihanna"</ref> A lokaci guda, sun kasance a cikin yawon shakatawa tare da kungiyar Rapsoul a ko'ina cikin Jamus da [[Austriya|Austria]] . Kisita da 'yan wasanta sun shiga NRJ Music Tour a [[Stuttgart]] tare da Craig David, Monrose, Culcha Candela & The Boss Hoss kuma sun yi a gaban fiye da mutane 8.500. <ref>http://diginights.com/event/2007-12-01-grosses-finale-der-energy-music-tour-2007-mtv-halle# "Grosse Finale der ENERGY MUSIC TOUR 2007"</ref> === 2008–10: Warner Music, sakin kundi === A cikin 2008 sun rubuta kuma suka tsara ballad "Mama" don Ranar Mata, inda aka harbe wani bidiyo kuma aka gayyace su a gidan talabijin na RTL tare da iyayensu don yin A cappella na waƙar. Har ila yau, sun tsara kuma sun rera waƙar sauti mai suna "Ziele" don littafin yara ''The HelleWecks'' tare da Thomas Anders daga shahararren pop-duo Modern Talking . <ref>[[Thomas Anders]] "Collaboration singles"</ref> A cikin bazara 2008 Kisita da abokan wasanta sun tsara waƙa don kundi na farko kuma sun yi aiki tare da furodusa da yawa kamar Noizmakers Entertainment (Rick Damm & Ralph Diehl), Chris Applegate ( Jennifer Rush ), Andreas Herbig ( Culcha Candela ), Thomas Troelsen ( Pitbull, [[Jennifer Lopez]] ), Marcus Brosch ( Brandy, Nick Carter, Enrique Iglesias ) da kuma Michelle Leonard . <ref>http://www.rockreport.de/cd_details.php?cd_id=3649 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913081236/https://rockreport.de/cd_details.php?cd_id=3649 |date=2025-09-13 }} "Rock Report – Sistanova"</ref> A lokacin rikodin kundi na halarta na farko sun yi tare da Matakan Flying na Breakdance na Duniya sau huɗu a ''Tuning World Messe Bodensee'' kuma sun gabatar da "Sexy Girl" na biyu. <ref>http://www.auto-tuning-news.de/news/artikel/its-showtime-die-programm-highlights-der-tuningworld-2008/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720131458/https://www.auto-tuning-news.de/news/artikel/its-showtime-die-programm-highlights-der-tuningworld-2008/ |date=2019-07-20 }} "Girlpower von Sistanova"</ref> sun kuma sami kwangila ga Mujallar Playboy ta Jamus don tallata waƙarsu ta biyu "Sexy Girl". Amma 'yan uwa ba su yarda da hakan ba kuma an soke kwangilar da Playboy. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2008, sun fito da kundi na farko "Unglaublich". A cikin 2010 sun kasance a cikin Homies na Cinema na Jamus (HipHop Express) tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo & mawaƙi Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 2011. Dangane da shafin MySpace, duk membobin ƙungiyar za su ci gaba da aikin solo. === 2018 - yanzu === A cikin 2011 Kisita wanda aka fi sani da '''DJ Queen of Beats''' yana tsarawa da samar da jingles, waƙoƙi da bugu don masu fasaha, nunin rediyo & TV. Ta kuma kirkiro a cikin 2015 kamfaninta mai suna 'Global MIC. Nishaɗi' don TV, fina-finai, tallace-tallace, abubuwan kiɗa, fina-finai na kiɗa, rawa da kiɗan kai tsaye . <ref>[[:de:Sistanova]] "Kisita/Sistanova on German Wikipedia"</ref> A cikin 2016 ta ƙaddamar da dandalin watsa labarai na Nostalgic Express. === 2020 - yanzu === A halin yanzu tana aiki akan sabon kiɗan a matsayin mai zane na solo a ƙarƙashin '''QOB''' an taƙaita ga Sarauniyar Beats. == Aikin fasaha == === Tasiri === Tun tana yarinya ta girma tare da Afropop, Cuban dan, Reggae, Jazz, Afro-Cuban jazz, Rock and Pop music. Mahaifinta ya gayyace ta a cikin 1990s mawakan rumba na Kongo kamar Bozi Boziana, Zaiko Langa Langa da Pepe Kalle don yin kide-kide a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] . Ta koyi wasan kwaikwayo na rawa na farko tana da shekaru 6 tare da waƙar Thriller na Michael Jackson. A cikin kuruciyarta ta sami wahayi daga Spice Girls da TLC kuma ta yi a bukukuwan makaranta & kulake na makaranta wakokinsu. Salon rawanta ya haɗa da Hip Hop, Salsa, Jazz Street da Popping . [[Michael Jackson]], [[Tina Turner]], Celia Cruz, Nina Simone, Jimi Hendrix, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] su ne wahayinta. Ta kuma sami wahayi daga Martial Arts, Vaudeville, Theatre da [[Bollywood|Bollywood Musicals]] . == Hotuna == ; Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Sistanova === Marasa aure === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="150" | Single ! colspan="1" align="center" width="20" | Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="100" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | Jadawalin Singles na Jamus |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2007 | "Wash Los" | style="text-align:center;" | 76 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ''Unglaublich'' |- | "Was Ist Los (Remix)" | style="text-align:center;" | 24 |} === Albums na Studio === * Unglaublich (2008) ; EPs * Was Is Los - EP (2007) == Yawon shakatawa == ; Dokar buɗewa [[Rihanna]] - Kyakkyawan Yarinya Gone Bad Tour * Nuwamba 13, 2007 - a Munich - Zenith * Nuwamba 20, 2007 - a Cologne - Palladium * Nuwamba 23, 2007 - a Frankfurt - Jahrhunderthalle * Nuwamba 26, 2007 - a Berlin - Columbiahalle ; Dokar buɗewa * Rapsoul - Achterbahn Tour * Yawon shakatawa na NRJ == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * KeyLiza on Facebook * KeyLiza on Instagram * KeyLiza on SoundCloud [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q5f18dr2ladsy3fteqp0kmx2fzesdzm 0 75866 840538 416941 2026-05-27T18:48:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karabo Makhurubetshi''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairu ta alif 1999) ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta [[Afirka]] ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Mata ta SAFA]] Mamelodi Sundowns da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Phakaaathi |date=2020-04-01 |title=Sundowns are the best team to play for - Makhurubetshi |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/sundowns-are-the-best-team-to-play-for-makhurubetshi/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A cikin shekara ta 2021, ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar 'yan matan Sundowns da suka yi nasara. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun mata na COSAFA na farko, gasar zakarun mata ta CAF, da [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Hollywoodbets Super League]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Diski |date=2021-12-05 |title=Sundowns Crowned Champions OF Hollywoodbets Super League {{!}} Diski Voice |url=https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-20 |title=Caf Women's Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns beat Hasaacas to rule Africa {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/caf-womens-champions-league-mamelodi-sundowns-beat-ghanaian-side-hasaacas-to-rule-africa/bltf4ee16212cc29ff3 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=iDiski |date=2021-09-04 |title=Sundowns Book CAFWCL Finals Spot |url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/sundowns-book-cafwcl-finals-spot/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=iDiski Times |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sun kasance a mataki na biyu don 2022 COSAFA Champions League mata da 2022 CAF Champions League na mata . Sun ci Hollywoodbets Super League na shekara ta uku a jere a watan Nuwamba 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=iDiski |date=2022-11-28 |title=Final Hollywoodbets Super League Wrap |url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/final-hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=iDiski Times |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425234911/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/final-hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=AS FAR stun nine-woman Mamelodi Sundowns to clinch 2022 Caf Women's Champions League title {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/as-far-stun-nine-woman-mamelodi-sundowns-to-clinch-2022-caf-women-s-champions-league-title/bltc72e136a7b1c7999 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=EN, FR, PR: Green Buffaloes stun Mamelodi Sundowns to win regional title |url=https://cosafa.com/green-buffaloes-stun-mamelodi-sundowns-to-win-regional-title/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2023, sun ci gasarsu ta biyu ta hanyar cin Kofin Zakarun Mata na 2023 COSAFA, Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na CAF 2023, da 2023 Hollywoodbets Super League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-09 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns to represent COSAFA region at CAF Women’s Champions League |url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/mamelodi-sundowns-to-represent-cosafa-region-at-caf-women-s-champions-league/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=CAF |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillay |first=Alicia |date=2023-12-31 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies Ready for More Success after 2023 Triumph |url=https://gsport.co.za/mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-ready-for-more-success-after-2023-triumph/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=gsport4girls |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shelat |first=Neel |title=CAF Women’s Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns Reclaim Their Crown With A Perfect Campaign |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/neelshelat/2023/11/20/caf-womens-champions-league-mamelodi-sundowns-reclaim-their-crown-with-a-perfect-campaign/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Makhurubetshi ta fafata ne a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Afrika ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin mata ta COSAFA ta shekarar 2020 lokacin da ta lashe gasar inda ta doke Botswana da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe. Haka kuma tana cikin kungiyar COSAFA ta mata ta 2021 da ta kare a matsayi na hudu. == Girmamawa == === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies === * [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Kungiyar Mata ta SAFA]] : 2021, 2022, 2023 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CAF : 2021, 2023 ; Shekarar: 2022 * COSAFA Gasar Cin Kofin Mata: 2021, 2023 ; na biyu 2022 === Afirka ta Kudu === * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta COSAFA : 2020 == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 6lcjk0itjua30a942g6h2cxg5jnhqen 0 76914 840618 409374 2026-05-27T23:43:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Khadija Oussat''' tsohuwar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ']] yar kasar Morocco wacce ta taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . Ta kasance memba a [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Morocco|kungiyar mata ta kasar Morocco]] . == Aikin kulob == Oussat ya buga wa kungiyar CA Khénifra ta kasar Morocco wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2006 |title=Stage de préparation de l'équipe marocaine féminine |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2006/Football-feminin_Stage-de-preparation-de-l-equipe-marocaine-feminine/68999.html |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Eliminatoires JO-2008: La sélection marocaine en préparation à Maâmora |url=https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/eliminatoires-2008-a69764.html |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=23 joueuses en stages de préparation à Casablanca |url=https://lematin.ma/express/2008/Selection-marocaine-feminine-de-football-_23-joueuses-en-stages-de-preparation-a-Casablanca-/85734.html |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Oussat ya buga wa Morocco wasa a babban matakin ranar 8 ga Maris 2008 a wasan sada zumunta da suka yi rashin nasara a hannun Faransa da ci 0-6 . == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na kasar Morocco == Manazarta == * {{Cite web |date=12 October 2011 |title=Trois Lionnes partent chasser aux EAU ! |trans-title=Three Lionesses go hunting in the UAE! |url=https://www.maghress.com/fr/lionsdelatlas/6079 |website=Maghress |publisher=Lions De l'Atlas |language=fr |access-date=3 April 2024 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404224320/https://www.maghress.com/fr/lionsdelatlas/6079 |url-status=dead }} * Khadija Oussat on Facebook [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] cbh89s2jj05qp0ghc5ox57iw1vbvq54 0 77407 841408 583543 2026-05-28T10:15:51Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_with_Carol_Burnett_and_Carrie_Hamilton_in_the_receiving_line_during_the_State_Visit_of_King_Birendra_Bir_Kikram_Shah_Dev_of_Nepal_in_the_East_Room.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_with_Carol_Burnett_and_Carrie_Hami 841408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan with Carol Burnett and Carrie Hamilton in The Receiving Line During The State Visit of King Birendra Bir Kikram Shah Dev of Nepal in The East Room - DPLA - c5b78d16c4e0abb49af691d26aaecafd.jpg|thumb|Carrie Hamilton tare da shugaban kasar nepal]] [[Fayil:Carrie Hamilton 1983.jpg|thumb|Carrie Hamilton]] [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan with Carol Burnett and Carrie Hamilton in The Receiving Line During The State Visit of King Birendra Bir Kikram Shah Dev of Nepal in The East Room - DPLA - c5b78d16c4e0abb49af691d26aaecafd.jpg|thumb|Carrie Hamilton]] '''ToCarrie Louise Hamilton''' (Disamba 5, 1963 - Janairu 20, 2002) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ce, marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙa. Hamilton 'yar dan wasan barkwanci Carol Burnett ce kuma mai shiryawa Joe Hamilton . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2002 |title=Carrie Hamilton, 38, Actress and writer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/22/arts/carrie-hamilton-38-actress-and-writer.html |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> Ita kuma babbar 'yar'uwar Jody Hamilton, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma furodusa, kuma mawaƙa Erin Hamilton . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Hamilton ta yi aiki a yawancin abubuwan samarwa don fim, mataki, talabijin da bidiyo. Ta ɗauki matsayin Reggie Higgins a cikin sigar TV ta ''Fame'' na kiɗan don yanayi na biyar da na shida (1985 – 1987), kuma ta nuna rawar Maureen Johnson a cikin balaguron farko na ƙasa na ''Rent'' na wasan kida don babban yabo. Ta kuma karanta kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Pepperdine a Malibu, California . Daya daga cikin fina-finanta shine [[Tokyo]] Pop (1988), inda ta taka wata mawakiyar Amurka wacce ta yi tattaki zuwa [[Japan]]. A can, ta sami dangantaka da mawaƙa guda biyu (wanda Diamond Yukai ya buga wanda kuma aka sani da Yutaka Tadokoro) da kuma ƙungiyar da ta sanya ta cikin jerin gwanon Top Ten. Ta yi wakoki da dama a cikin fim din. A cikin shekarar 1992, Hamilton ya ɗauki ƙaramin rawa a cikin fim ɗin rayuwa mai rai ''Cool World'', wanda ya buga Gabriel Byrne, Kim Basinger, da Brad Pitt . Hamilton ya auri mawaƙin Mark Templin a cikin 1994 akan matakin sauti guda ɗaya inda aka yi faifan bidiyo ''na Carol Burnett'' . Ma’auratan sun sake aure a shekara ta 1998. Hamilton wani lokaci yana fitowa a talabijin tare da mahaifiyarta. A cikin 1987, Burnett bako-tauraro a cikin wani shiri na ''Fame'' mai suna "Reggie da Rose". Ma'auratan sun haɗa kai a cikin wani fim ɗin TV na 1988 mai suna ''garkuwa'' . Sun bayyana a sassa biyar na ''Fuskar Iyali'' a cikin 1995, suna fafatawa da mijin Hamilton Mark Templin da surukarsa Dalia Ward a kan tawagar da Betty White ke jagoranta. a cikin 1997, sun yi tauraro a kan wani episode na ''Touched by Angel'' mai suna "The Comeback". Hamilton ya buga wani tauraron Broadway mai burin burinsa wanda mahaifiyarsa (Burnett) ita ma ta yi gudu don shaharar Broadway, amma ta kasa (saboda datti mai datti daga bangaren abokinta mai kyau, wanda Rita Moreno ta buga). A cikin shekarar 1999, Hamilton ya yi tauraro a cikin wani sanannen shiri na kashi na shida na The X-Files, mai suna " Litinin ". Ta taka rawar Pam, budurwar wani ɗan fashin banki, wanda aka tilasta ta sake rayuwa a wannan rana akai-akai. [[Fayil:Mrs. Helen Gardener and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt leaving the White House LCCN94506345.tif|thumb|Carrie Hamilton]] Hamilton shine wahayi ga shekara ta 1983 buga guda "Carrie's Gone" (lamba 79, ''Billboard'' ), wanda tsohon saurayi Fergie Frederiksen ya rubuta bayan sun watse kuma ƙungiyar sa, Le Roux ta rubuta. Bambancin shekarun 12 (Carrie yana 19 kuma Fergie yana 31 a lokacin) an ambaci shi a matsayin babban dalilin rabuwar. Hamilton ya yi aiki tare da mahaifiyarta don daidaita tarihin Burnett, ''Wani lokaci daya ,'' don wasan kwaikwayo ''na Hollywood Arms ,'' to amma ba ta rayu tsawon lokaci ba don ganin an samar da shi. Don girmama 'yarta, Carol Burnett ta buga wani littafi mai suna ''Carrie da Ni: Labari na Ƙauna na Uwar-Da.'' An fito da wannan a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2014, kuma ya zama abin tunawa na New York Times. Mujallar Jama'a ta bayyana shi a matsayin "ƙauna, mai raɗaɗi" littafin girmamawa ga babbar 'yar Burnett. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Kinsey |title=Carol Burnett's Daughter Carrie Hamilton {{!}} Her Career & Tragedy |url=https://veryceleb.com/carol-burnetts-daughter/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=veryceleb.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Hamilton ta shafe shekaru uku tana shan muggan kwayoyi da barasa wanda ta yi nasarar shawo kan ta tun tana shekara 15. Sai dai ta sake komawa baya a ɗan shekara 17, ta kasance ba tare da shan ƙwayoyi ba har tsawon rayuwarta. == Mutuwa == Hamilton ya mutu daga [[ciwon huhu]] a matsayin rikitarwa na ciwon huhu wanda ya yadu zuwa kwakwalwarta a [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], a ranar 20 ga Janairun shekarar 2002, yana da shekaru 38, kuma an shiga cikin hurumi Park Memorial Park . == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan with Carol Burnett and Carrie Hamilton in The Receiving Line During The State Visit of King Birendra Bir Kikram Shah Dev of Nepal in The East Room - DPLA - c5b78d16c4e0abb49af691d26aaecafd.jpg|thumb|Carrie Hamilton tare da Obama]] A cikin Yulin shekarar 2006, tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Balcony na Pasadena Playhouse an sake keɓe shi azaman gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carrie Hamilton a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Hamilton (Burnett memba ne). Yana ɗaukar jerin karatun da ake kira "Hothouse at the Playhouse", da kuma Daraktoci Lab West da Furious Theater Company . A ranar 19 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2007, an zaɓi m Frank Gehry don sake fasalin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carrie Hamilton. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CARRIE HAMILTON THEATRE |url=http://www.pasadenaplayhouse.org/carrie_hamilton_theatre.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111035340/http://www.pasadenaplayhouse.org/carrie_hamilton_theatre.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2008 |access-date=February 5, 2008}}</ref> == Cibiyar Nishaɗi ta Jami'ar Anaheim Carrie Hamilton == A Maris 23, 2010, Carol Burnett ya shiga cikin kafa Cibiyar Nishaɗi ta Jami'ar Anaheim Carrie Hamilton tare da Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Anaheim na Harkokin Ilimi Dr. David Nunan, yana karanta wannan magana daga Hamilton:<blockquote>GAME DA ART... Gado shine ainihin rayuwar da muke taɓawa, wahayin da muke bayarwa, canza tsarin wani - idan ma na ɗan lokaci, da sa su yi tunani, fushi, kuka, dariya, jayayya… zagaya block, gigice... (Ina yin haka da yawa bayan ganin gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ƙarfi!) Fiye da komai, ana tunawa da mu don murmushinmu; wadanda muke rabawa makusantanmu da masoyinmu, da wadanda muke baiwa bako baki daya, wadanda suke bukata a lokacin, kuma Allah ya sa ka isar.</blockquote> == Filmography == * ''Ƙaunar Rayuwa Akan'' (1985, kamar yadda Kathy) * ''[[Hostage (1988 film)|Yin garkuwa da]]'' (1988, kamar Bonnie Lee Hopkin, tare da Carol Burnett) * ''Tokyo Pop'' (1988, kamar yadda Wendy Reed) * ''Shag'' (1989, as Nadine) * ''Mata Marasa Aure, Maza Masu Aure'' (1989, a matsayin Afrilu Clay) * ''Checkered Flag'' (1990, kamar Alex Cross) * ''Adalcin Uwar'' (1991, a matsayin Debbie) * ''Cool World'' (1992, a matsayin kantin sayar da kayan wasan ban dariya) == Jerin Talabijan == * ''Shahara'' (kamar yadda Reggie Higgins, 1986-1987, 29 aukuwa) * ''Knightwatch'' (halin da ba a sani ba, 1988, kashi ɗaya) * ''Kisan kai, Ta Rubuta'' (kamar Geraldine Stone, 1990, kashi ɗaya) * ''Daidaiton Adalci'' (kamar Jillian Weeks, 1991, kashi ɗaya) * ''Beverly Hills, 90210'' (kamar yadda Sky, 1991, kashi ɗaya) * ''Thirtysomething'' (kamar Callie Huffs, 1991, kashi ɗaya) * ''Walker, Texas Ranger'' (kamar yadda Mary Beth McCall, 1995, sassa biyu) * ''Wani Mala'ika ya taɓa shi'' (kamar Allison Bennett, 1997, jigo ɗaya, tare da Carol Burnett) * ''Brooklyn ta Kudu'' (kamar Gerrie Fallon-Scranton, 1998, kashi ɗaya) * ''X-Files'' (kamar Pam, 1999, kashi ɗaya - " Litinin ") * ''The Pretender'' (kamar Jill Arnold, 2000, kashi ɗaya) == Sauti == * "A ina ne dare ya fara?" (na ''Fame'' ) * "Koyaushe Kai" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Wane ne ya sanya Bomp" (a kan ''Fame'' ) * "The Shoop Shoop Song" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Wasu Rana, Wata Hanya" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Mu ne Wadanda" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Ka kama ni Ina Faduwa da sauri" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Duba Ku Koyi" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Ƙauna ce nake Bayanta, Bayan Duk" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Gabashin Adnin" (a kan ''Fame'' ) * "Soyayya Kawai Zata Riƙe" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Muna Da Hakki" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Tunani" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Sake Ga Fuskarku" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "Yana kama da Romeo" (a kan ''Fame'' ) * "Ma'aurata na Kumbura" (kan ''Fame'' ) * "(Kuna Sa Ni Ji Kamar) Mace Ta Halitta" (a kan ''Tokyo Pop'' ) * "Kin yarda da sihiri?" (na ''Tokyo Pop'' ) * "Kada Ka Manta" (kan ''Tokyo Pop'' ) * "Gida a kan Range" (a kan ''Tokyo Pop'' ) * "Allah daban-daban" (bidiyo na kiɗa) * "Ni Yaro Ne" (bidiyon kiɗa) == Magana == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:P_vip.svg|link=|alt=|class=noviewer|28x28px]]</span></img> <span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Biography|Dandalin tarihin rayuwa]]</span> * {{IMDb name|0357774}} * Carrie Hamilton at Find a Grave [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cw429op4dvb4nw0zsf1bhswfbrdqris 0 78885 840458 503033 2026-05-27T12:17:46Z Zahrah0 14848 840458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Eid prayers in Kaduna Nigeria 03.jpg|thumb|yanda Yan najeriya ke sallah edi]] '''Eid al-Adha''' biki ne da [[Musulmi|al'ummar musulmi]] a [[Najeriya]] da ma duniya baki daya ke gudanar da shi a ranar 10 ga watan [[Zulhajji|Zul-Hijja.]] Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan hukuma guda biyu da ake yi a [[Musulunci]] (dayan shi ne [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=Id el Kabir 2022, 2023 and 2024 in Nigeria - PublicHolidays.africa |url=https://publicholidays.africa/nigeria/id-el-kabir/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408094204/https://publicholidays.africa/nigeria/id-el-kabir/ |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=}}</ref> Yana girmama yarda [[Annabi Ibrahim|Ibrahim]] (Ibrahim) ya sadaukar da dansa Isma'il ( Isma'il ) a matsayin aiki na biyayya ga umarnin Allah . == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Muslim Brotherhood Emblem.svg|thumb|Alamun wasu Gaga cikin Yan uwa musulmai]] Tun bayan shigowar addinin Musulunci and Najeriya, musulmi suka gudanar da bukukuwan karamar Sallah a ranar goma ga watan Zul-Hijja a kowace shekara. Ana ce da ita “Eid Al-kabir”, ko kuma a [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] Babbar Sallah. Musulmai a Najeriya suna gudanar da bikin ne da ibadar da ta hada da zuwa filin sallah da safe, yanka hadayu akasari ta hanyar tumaki (wani muhimmin aiki na ranar), da raba abinci tare da dangi da abokai.Manufar ita ce raba farin ciki tare da sauran musulmi, a wasu lokuta, maƙwabta waɗanda ba musulmi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-08 |title=Eid-El-Kabir: NLC felicitates with Muslims - Vanguard News |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/eid-el-kabir-nlc-felicitates-with-muslims/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808110513/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/eid-el-kabir-nlc-felicitates-with-muslims/ |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=}}</ref> == Al'adu == === Ziyarar filin sallah === Maza da mata na kowane zamani suna ziyartar filin sallah don yin sallar idi. Yawancinsu suna sanya sabbin tufafi don nuna farin ciki da jin daɗi, saboda wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin ranaku na shekara. Suna yin wannan sallar ne ta hanyar yin [[raka'a]] biyu bayan [[liman]] sannan su dakata a filin sallah don sauraron huduba daga liman, wanda kuma ya samu halartar sarakuna da sauran manyan baki. An harba bindiga a sararin sama daga tawagar sarakunan domin bikin idar da sallah. === Hadaya === Bayan kammala sallah da huduba, liman yakan yanka hadayarsa, sau da yawa tunkiya. Wannan tunkiya tana wurin sallah kafin a fara sallar. Bayan an gama yanka sai su koma gidajensu su yanka nasu domin neman kusanci zuwa ga Allah da murna. Galibin Musulmai na yanka raguna, masu tsada sosai a wannan kakar. Kadan daga cikin mawadata suna yanka shanu da rakuma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=SALLAH: Ram prices soar to over 100 per cent as sellers, buyers lament |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/sallah-ram-prices-soar-to-over-100-per-cent-as-sellers-buyers-lament/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810075057/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/sallah-ram-prices-soar-to-over-100-per-cent-as-sellers-buyers-lament/ |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=}}</ref> === Hawan doki (Durbar) === Bayan kammala Sallar Idin Al-Adha, sarakuna da sarakuna a arewacin Najeriya sun fito a gaban taron jama'a da sauran jama'ar da ke kallon yadda abin ke gudana, suna hawa dawakai na ado. Ana kuma san shi da [[Durbar|bikin Durbar]] . Ana tseren doki a gaban sarki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-12 |title=Eid Mubarak: 10 Riders Fall Off Horses At Durbar Festival |url=https://leadership.ng/eid-mubarak-10-riders-fall-off-horses-at-durbar-festival/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412022317/https://leadership.ng/eid-mubarak-10-riders-fall-off-horses-at-durbar-festival/ |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=}}</ref> === Rabawa daga sadaukarwa === Musulmi a Najeriya na raba naman sadaukarwar da suka yi tare da 'yan uwa da abokan arziki don taya murnar Sallah. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=The Eid-el Kabir 2021 {{!}} The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News — Opinion — The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-eid-el-kabir-2021/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720114626/https://guardian.ng/opinion/the-eid-el-kabir-2021/ |archive-date=2021-07-20 |access-date=2022-04-20}}</ref> === Ziyara === Ziyara tana daga cikin hadisai. Musulmai suna ziyartar abokansu da danginsu, kuma ana ba da kyaututtuka ga matasa. Wannan aiki, musulmi sun yi imani, yana haɓaka soyayya da jituwa da Musulunci ke wakilta. Daga cikin wuraren da aka ziyarta a lokacin wannan biki akwai wuraren shakatawa, bakin teku, da sauran wuraren shakatawa. == Manazarta== <references /> 2de4k3pbpx353j9iq36jca1fu9xtqu4 0 79082 841415 433442 2026-05-28T10:27:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Makarantar Magunguna ta Sousse''' ( {{Lang-ar|كلية الطب بسوسة}}) ko ''FMS'', wata kafa ce ta jami'ar [[Tunisiya]] wadda aka kirkira bisa ga doka N°74-83 na Disamba 11, 1974. Wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Sousse . <ref name="cite1">{{Cite web |title=Loi de création |url=http://www.medecinesousse.com/fra/s1226/pages/318/Loi-de-cr%C3%A9ation |access-date=17 January 2020 |website=medecinesousse.com |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Makarantar likitanci na Sousse ciki har da sashin ilimin likitanci na Sfax ita ce baiwa ta farko da aka kafa a wajen [[Tunis]] . Har ila yau, ita ce kafa cibiyar ilimi ta farko a Sousse, a cikin Cibiyar Tunusiya. <ref name="Cite2">{{Cite web |title=Nous decouvrir |url=http://www.medecinesousse.com/nous_decouvrir |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113157/http://www.medecinesousse.com/nous_decouvrir#undefined1 |archive-date=23 June 2018 |access-date=1 February 2020 |website=medecinesousse.com |language=fr}}</ref> Manufarta ta farko ita ce ƙirƙirar yanayi mai buɗewa da shirya likitocinta na gaba don horar da magungunan cikin gida bisa ga tsarin da ke da magani da rigakafi. Haka kuma an samar da sashen likitancin al'umma a cikin shekarar farko. == Magana == tbbeualco5tq02mxokjtuhv2xw8crzy 0 79847 841389 531142 2026-05-28T10:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Jami'ar Radford''' jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a Gabashin Legon, [[Accra]], [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Location |url=http://www.radforduc.edu.gh/index.php/contact |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626054138/http://radforduc.edu.gh/index.php/contact |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=18 September 2014 |website=www.radforduc.edu.gh/ |publisher=Kwameghana}}</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]], kuma kwanan nan Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana ta amince da ita a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Radford University College |url=https://gtec.edu.gh/view-institution-details?token=660 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=Ghana Tertiary Education Commission |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131165959/https://gtec.edu.gh/view-institution-details?token=660 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsangayu == Faculty of Allied Health Faculty na Kimiyya ta Kasuwanci Faculty nke Fine Arts Faculty for Applied Sciences == Sashen da shirye-shirye == === Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Kasuwanci === B.Sc. Gudanar da Kasuwanci * [[Albarkatun dan'adam|Gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam]] * [[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|Tallace-tallace]] * Ci gaban Kasuwanci * Lissafi * Bankin & Kudi === Ma'aikatar Fasahar Sadarwa === Fasahar Sadarwar Bayanai ta BSc * Gudanar da Bayanai * Cibiyar sadarwa ta Kwamfuta * Nazarin Tsarin * Ci gaban Yanar Gizo * Tsaro na Kwamfuta === Ma'aikatar Kimiyya mai amfani (Geology & Environmental Science) === * Aikace-aikacen Geophysics * Geosciences na muhalli * Gemmology da Masana'antu masu alaƙa * Ci gaban Geo-park da Gudanarwa * Ilimin ilimin ƙasa da ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa * Gudanar da Ma'adinai da Ayyuka * Ilimin ilimin ƙasa na likita * Man fetur, Hydrogeology da Masana'antu masu alaƙa == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category: Kwalejoji a Ghana]] eciam3vb38shhjkh8x6aed3cduo50y9 0 79906 841331 620762 2026-05-28T09:35:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University (Aug 2023).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Site Plan and Statement of Significance - Serpents Quarters Pueblo, Approximately 2 miles north of County Road G, Cortez, Montezuma County, CO HABS CO-204 (sheet 1 of 5).png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Il Friuli giornale politico-amministrativo-letterario-commerciale n. 187 (1903) (IA IlFriuli 187-1903).pdf|thumb]] '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Ginin Muhalli''' ya wanzu a watan Janairun shekara ta alif 2005, a [[Kumasi]], [[Ghana]], a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] a cikin Tsarin Kwalejin. A cikin sake fasalin, an haɗu da ''Faculty of Environment and Development studies (FEDS'') da Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Ci gaba (ILMAD) don kafa kwalejin.<ref name="KNUST_CAP_About">{{Cite web |title=College of Architecture and Planning: About Us |url=http://cap.knust.edu.gh/aboutus.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517041432/http://cap.knust.edu.gh/aboutus.php |archive-date=2009-05-17 |access-date=2009-10-29 |website=About Us |publisher=Kwame Nkrumah University of Science And Technology}}</ref> == Jagora == * Provost - Farfesa John Tiah Bugri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration {{!}} College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST |url=https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=cabe.knust.edu.gh |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209032322/https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mai rijistar Kwalejin - Ms. Josephine K. Djampim <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration {{!}} College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST |url=https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=cabe.knust.edu.gh |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209032322/https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Jami'in Kudi na Kwalejin - Mrs. Catherine Acquah <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration {{!}} College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST |url=https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=cabe.knust.edu.gh |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209032322/https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mai kula da Kwalejin - Mista David V. K. Akorfu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administration {{!}} College of Art and Built Environment, KNUST |url=https://cabe.knust.edu.gh/about-us/administration |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=cabe.knust.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Faculty & Departments. == === Faculty of Built Environment === * Ma'aikatar [[Karatun gine-gine|Gine-gine]] * Ma'aikatar Shirye-shirye * Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Fasahar Gine-gine * Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki na Kasa === Kwalejin Fasaha. === * Ma'aikatar Fasaha ta Masana'antu * Ma'aikatar Nazarin Buga * Ma'aikatar Fintura da Sculpture * [https://decode.knust.edu.gh/ Ma'aikatar Sadarwa] === Ma'aikatar Nazarin Ilimi. === * Ma'aikatar Sabunta Ilimi a Kimiyya da Fasaha * Ma'aikatar Ilimi == Dalibai. == * Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Gine-gine ta Ghana (ASAG) * Kungiyar Fasahar Gine-gine da Gudanar da Dalibai (CTMSS) * Ƙungiyar Masu Shirye-shiryen Dalibai ta Ghana (GASP) * Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Ƙasa da Ci gaban Dalibai (LAMDSA) == Bincike == === Cibiyar Nazarin Gidajen Dan Adam === * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa * Cibiyar Nazarin Gidaje == Manazarta == [[Category: Kwalejoji a Ghana]] 33skr7leaodpzjj6jyswzwppa0k7ux6 0 80453 840621 732391 2026-05-28T00:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '<nowiki/>''Rubutu mai gwaɓi''''''Khaled Hourani''' (Arabic; An haife shi a shekara ta 1965) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Palasdinawa, mai tsarawa, mai sukar, kuma marubuci. Tun daga shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara, Hourani ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kansa a Ramallah, tana shiga cikin nune-nunen a ƙasashen waje da kuma cikin [[Falasdinu]].<ref name=":1">Hourani, Khaled. ''Wikipedia Page Inquiry'', March 1, 2024.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KHALED HOURANI - Artists |url=https://dafbeirut.org/en/khaled-hourani |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Dalloul Art Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref> Hourani an san shi da gudummawar da ya bayar ga yanayin fasahar zamani a Ramallah da ayyukansa na gani da ke mai da hankali kan jigogi na gwagwarmayar Palasdinawa da juriya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Artists - Zawyeh Gallery |url=https://zawyeh.net/artist.html?khaled-hourani |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=zawyeh.net |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Khaled Hourani |url=https://thisweekinpalestine.com/khaled-hourani/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=This Week in Palestine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Khaled Hourani: First Intifada Was an Artistic Project (by Lela Vujanić) |url=https://www.adbusters.org/full-articles/an-interview-with-khaled-hourani-first-intifada-was-an-artistic-project |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.adbusters.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a Hebron, Falasdinu, a shekarar ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da biyar, Hourani ya sami BA a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Hebron a shekarar ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara sa tamanin ça bakwai. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1">Hourani, Khaled. ''Wikipedia Page Inquiry'', March 1, 2024.</ref><ref name=":2"/> Hourani ya fara aikinsa na fasaha a cikin shekarun 1980.<ref name=":1" /> == Ayyuka == Hourani ya yi aiki a cikin Sashen Fine Arts a Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Palasdinawa daga shekara ta dubu biyu da huɗu zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai a matsayin Babban Darakta. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai, Hourani ya kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya a Ramallah, Falasdinu, wanda bai ba da izini daga Hukumar Falasdinu ba amma ya yi aiki a matsayin tushen ilimin fasaha na al'ada ga ɗalibai da waɗanda ba ɗalibai ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khaled Hourani |url=https://www.cca-glasgow.com/programme/khaled-hourani |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=CCA Glasgow |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307210548/https://www.cca-glasgow.com/programme/khaled-hourani |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4"/><ref name=":1">Hourani, Khaled. ''Wikipedia Page Inquiry'', March 1, 2024.</ref> Daga shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu ça goma Hourani ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha na Kwalejin, sannan a matsayin Babban Daraktan daga na shekara ta dubu biyu sa goma zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha uku. <ref name=":0"/> Hourani an san shi da aikinsa na 2011 ''Picasso a Falasdinu'', wanda ya aro zane-zanen Picasso na 1943 Bust de Femme daga Gidan kayan gargajiya na Van Abbemuseum a Netherlands kuma ya nuna shi a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya a Ramallah . <ref name=":0"/> Aikin, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru biyu don kammalawa, ya ga tarin dala dubu ɗari da yawa na kudade da kuma gina sararin gidan kayan gargajiya na mita 4×4 da aka kirkira ne kawai don saduwa da yanayin nuni da ake buƙata don Bust de Femme.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=museum |first=Picasso's 1943 canvas "Buste de Femme" is hung in the Palestinian Art Academy |last2=Ramallah |last3=Bank |first3=West |last4=June 20 |last5=Images |first5=2011-ABBAS MOMANI/AFP via Getty |date=2020-01-27 |title=Meet the man who brought Picasso to Palestine - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/01/picasso-in-palestine-marks-decade-in-mideast-art.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.al-monitor.com |language=en}}</ref> Aikin ya sami yabo daga masu zane-zane na Palasdinawa Sliman Mansour da Nabil Anani . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aikens |first=Nick |date=2011-07-06 |title=Picasso in Palestine |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/picasso-palestine |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Yawancin fasahar Hourani suna mai da hankali kan gwagwarmayar ƙasa ta Palasdinawa, suna nuna zanga-zangar, ganuwar iyaka, da shimfidar wurare na Palasdinawa. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3"/> An nuna fasahar Hourani a gidan kayan gargajiya na Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, Netherlands), Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Barjeel (Sharjah, UAE), Guggenheim Museum (Abu Dhabi, UAE), Darat al Funun (Amman, Jordan), Dalloul Art Foundation (Beirut, Lebanon), Gidan Tarihin Jami'ar Birzeit (Birzeit, Palestine), Mori Art Museum (Tokyo, Japan), Gidan kayan gargajiya na Palasdinawa (Birzeit), da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Umm al-Fahem (Umm al-Fafem, Palestine), da sauransu.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> A cikin 2019, Hourani ya buga littafinsa In Search of Jamal El Mahamel, labarin game da gano labarin "Jamal El Mahamel" na Sliman Mansour a lokacin tashin hankali na Libya a kan Muammar al-Gaddafi . <ref name=":1">Hourani, Khaled. ''Wikipedia Page Inquiry'', March 1, 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Launch In search of "Jamal Al Mahamel" {{!}} Darat al Funun |url=https://daratalfunun.org/?event=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=daratalfunun.org}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] jl7fqkiuob0fcsfkiii00pqfdho4wfe 0 81317 840969 497722 2026-05-28T06:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Constable_Care_Foundation_Logo_2021.jpg|right|thumb]] [[Fayil:River Tyne Police group photograph.jpg|thumb|yan sanda]] Asalin da aka haifa a cikin 1989, Gidauniyar Kula da Kula da Yara ƙungiya ce ta al'umma da ba ta riba ba da ke aiki tare da 'Yan sanda na Yammacin Australia, don ilimantar da yara da matasa a makarantun firamare da sakandare a duk faɗin Jiha game da tsaron mutum, rigakafin aikata laifuka, ɗabi'a da yanke shawara mai kyau. Kula da 'yan sanda ƙungiya ce ta rigakafin cutarwa ta ƙasa kuma tana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na ilimi don shiga da ƙarfafa matasa, gami da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi da gidan wasan kwaikwayon da aka yi amfani da shi, fasaha da abun ciki na fim. Gidauniyar Kula da Tsaro ta Yara ta yawon shakatawa a ko'ina cikin Yammacin Ostiraliya tana ba da bita na wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo da shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo. Da yake zaune a Maylands, Yammacin Ostiraliya, kungiyar tana daukar ma'aikatan wasan kwaikwayo masu sana'a waɗanda ke ziyartar makarantu sama da 700 a shekara ciki har da makarantun al'umma na asali. Ayyukan suna tallafawa ta hanyar albarkatun aji da ke da alaƙa da tsarin karatu kuma an daidaita su da bukatun ilmantarwa na ɗalibai daga makarantar firamare zuwa Shekara 12, suna rufe batutuwa kamar zalunci, tsaro na yanar gizo, barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi, halayyar kariya, wariyar launin fata, aminci na hanya, tashin hankali na dangantaka da lafiyar hankali. Canjin dalibai a cikin ilimi, hali da niyyar halayyar kowane batu ana auna shi kafin da bayan shiga ta hanyar hanyoyin kimantawa da aka haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar bincike na Jami'ar. Ya zuwa watan Disamba na 2021, yara sama da miliyan 3 na Yammacin Australia sun shiga cikin aikin Kula da 'yan sanda, tare da kimanin dalibai 80,000 da ke shiga kowace shekara. Alamar Kula da Ma'aikata ta yi bikin cika shekaru 30 a cikin 2019 kuma yanzu ta yi aiki ga ƙarni uku na yara na WA. A cikin 2021, Constable Care ya sake sanya sunan kungiyar a matsayin Gidauniyar Kula da Kula da Kula, yana cire kalmomin Tsaron Yara daga sunansa kuma yana rage yawan alamun sa zuwa biyu kawai; ɗayan yana wakiltar aikin makarantar firamare (Constable Care) kuma ɗayan aikin makarantar sakandare (Youth Choices). Dukkanin shirye-shiryen Gidauniyar Kula da Kulawa yanzu ana inganta su a ƙarƙashin ɗayan waɗannan alamun. == Zaɓin Matasa == A ƙarshen 2013 Constable Care ta ƙaddamar da alamar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa Theatrical Response Group (TRG), wani harshe mai ban dariya ga haɗin kungiyar da 'yan sanda na WA. An sake sanya wannan alama a cikin 2021 zuwa alamar 'Youth Choices' ta yanzu a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun sabuntawa na kungiyar. Youth Choices yana gudanar da bita na wasan kwaikwayo a makarantun sakandare na WA da kungiyoyin matasa na al'umma ta amfani da dabarun wasan kwaikwayo don shigar da matasa cikin tattaunawa da warware matsaloli kan batutuwan zamantakewa da aminci kamar cin zarafin yanar gizo, wariyar launin fata, tashin hankali da barasa da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kungiyar tana amfani da tsarin wasan kwaikwayo na Forum wanda Augusto Boal na Brazil ya kirkira a matsayin hanyar da za ta yi don shiga ɗalibai, kuma tana gudanar da adadi mai yawa na bita na yawon shakatawa da kuma karamin adadi na shiga tsakani a cikin gida a kowace shekara. A watan Satumbar 2014 kungiyar ta fara isar da wannan shirin a makarantun Aboriginal masu nisa a yankin Pilbara, suna sanya 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu ba da gudummawa a cikin aji don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai har zuwa makonni 2 a lokaci guda. Kungiyar yanzu tana ba da adadi mai yawa na waɗannan shirye-shiryen "Youth Choices Intensives" a duka makarantun sakandare na Perth da na nesa a kowace shekara. A cikin 2019 kungiyar ta gabatar da sabon tsarin "Rapid Response" ga jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Forum, samar da wasan kwaikwayon da ke amsawa ga jigogi masu tasowa da masu sauraro suka gano a ainihin lokacin. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo suna samun ra'ayoyin batun da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kai tsaye daga masu sauraron matasa sannan su gabatar da waɗannan don sake kunnawa da tattaunawa. Tsarin sabon abu yana bawa kungiyar damar yin aiki tare da matasa a kan kowane batun da ke fitowa ba tare da sanarwa ba, kuma yana cire mafi yawan lokacin ci gaban aiki. == Kayan Kayan Kwari na Al'umma == Ana iya ganin mascot na Constable Care a sama da abubuwan da suka faru na al'umma 60 a duk faɗin Perth da Yammacin Australia a kowace shekara, gami da abubuwan da ke faruwa na Telethon, Perth Kirsimeti Pageant, Perth Royal Show, City of Perth Skyworks, Perth's Anzac Day Remembrance, Joondalup Festival da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi birni da yanki. Matsayin mascot din da ba ya magana shine yin hulɗa da yara da iyalai a abubuwan da suka faru don samar da kwarewar farko ta 'yan sanda ga yara ƙanana. Mascots da mai horar da mataimakin suna yin tafiya a taron, suna tsayawa don hotuna da ba da kyauta kamar takalma da hatunan 'yan sanda. An amince da mascot din mai kula da ma'aikata a wani bikin a watan Yunin 2014 a Kwalejin 'yan sanda ta Yammacin Australia na shekaru 25 na hidima ga al'ummar WA, yana karɓar lambar tsarin 12020 da matsayin Babban Ma'aikaci. A wani bikin a watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na WA Karl O'Callaghan ya gabatar da mascot din Constable Care tare da lambar yabo ta shekaru 25. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2016 'Yan sanda na Yammacin Australia sun yi fim din bidiyo wanda ke nuna dan wasan kula da kula da kula tare da jami'an da ke sanye da tufafi a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwagwarmayar Running Man ta duniya. An buga bidiyon a shafin Facebook na 'yan sanda na WA kuma an kalli shi sama da sau miliyan 1.2. A watan Satumbar 2017, don nuna godiya ga 'yan sanda na Yammacin Australia 100 Years of Women in Policing celebrations, an gabatar da sabon mascot na mata Constable Clare don haɓaka mascot na yanzu na Constable Care. == Birni Bayan Duhu == Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da 'Yan sanda na Yammacin Australia da kuma tallafin kamfanoni daga kamfanin tsaro na WA, NPB Security, Constable Care yana ba da yawon shakatawa na aminci ta hanyar [[Perth]] CBD da Northbridge, Yammacin Ostiraliya ga kungiyoyin matasa masu shekaru 15-25. Ana gudanar da yawon shakatawa a daren mako kuma jami'in 'yan sanda na WA ne ke jagoranta. An tsara su ne don samar da kwarewar tsaro na mutum da kwareyar ilimin gano haɗari ga matasa waɗanda ke ziyartar wuraren nishaɗi da dare tare da abokai. Yawon shakatawa sun rufe abubuwa masu yawa masu haɗari da aminci kuma jami'in 'yan sanda ne ya kwatanta sharhi wanda ke jagorantar yawon shakatawa tare da abubuwan da suka faru da ƙididdigar aikata laifuka da kuma nazarin shari'a. Shirin ya fara ne a cikin 2019 kuma kimantawa na sakamakon ya ci gaba da nuna cewa yana da tasiri sosai wajen canza ilimi, hali da niyyar nuna hali ga matasa 1,700+ da suka shiga (kamar 30 Yuni 2022). == Ayyukan Yara da suka ɓace == Gidauniyar Kula da 'yan sanda tana ba da sabis na yara da suka ɓace a yawancin abubuwan da suka faru a [[Perth]], gami da bikin Kirsimeti na Perth, City of Perth Skyworks, bukukuwan Ranar Anzac ta Perth, bukukuwar Ranar Yammacin Australia da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi iyali a Yammacin Ostiraliya. Sabis ɗin yana rarraba takardun bayanai na tuntuɓar ko ƙuƙwalwar hannu ga iyalai da suka isa abubuwan da suka faru don haka yara za su iya haɗuwa da iyayensu da sauri idan sun rabu. Har ila yau, yana ba da wuraren taron iyali masu ganuwa a cikin taron don gano yaran da suka ɓace cikin sauri kuma tare da mafi ƙarancin rauni. == Shirye-shiryen bidiyo == A cikin shekara ta 2011, kungiyar ta fitar da "Constable Care and the A-Grades" na farko, mai taken Merry Christmas, wanda ya sami ra'ayoyi sama da 20,000 a YouTube a cikin watan farko. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kungiyar ta fara yin fim kuma an bi shi da wasu bidiyo biyu na Kirsimeti a cikin 2012 da 2013. Kungiyar ta fara aiki tare a cikin haɗin gwiwa a cikin 2014 tare da Edith Cowan University WA Screen Academy a kan jerin fina-finai na rigakafin aikata laifuka na matasa a kan layi a ƙarƙashin tutar "Kiranku", tare da na farko (#Emilywasted) a kan shan giya tsakanin 'yan mata da aka saki a watan Yunin 2015. An sake fito da wasu fina-finai guda uku game da tashin hankali na matasa (Shirtfront), satar mota (Wreck) da lafiyar hankali da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (Pressure) a watan Satumbar 2015, Disamba 2015 da Janairu 2016 bi da bi. A cikin 2016 kungiyar ta gabatar da gasar dalibai ta makarantun sakandare don gano labarin kowane sabon fim, tare da shigarwar nasara sannan ta bunkasa cikin fim din mu'amala. A cikin 2017 kungiyar ta haɗu da dakarun tare da 'Yan sanda na Yammacin Australia SAY dalibai suna yin fim don gudanar da gasar makarantar sakandare a ƙarƙashin sabon tutar "Your Say, Your Call" wanda ya ba da damar ɗalibai su ƙirƙiri ɗan gajeren fim na kansu don yin hukunci, tare da shigarwar nasara sannan ya zama fim ɗin mu'amala. Fim din da ya lashe gasar don 2017 "Bottled Up" an kirkireshi ne daga Jami'ar Edith Cowan WA Screen Academy don gaskiyar gaskiya ta digiri 360 da kuma fina-finai na gargajiya. Tun daga shekara ta 2018, kungiyar ta samar da karin fina-finai huɗu na gaskiya, kan tsaron mutum da dare (City After Dark), tsaron yanar gizo (Zombie Run) da fina-fukkuna biyu kan cin zarafin yanar gizo (Bullying:Through the Maze da OverShare). A cikin 2021 an sake sanya sunan shirin fim din Your Say, Your Call a ƙarƙashin sabon alamar Youth Choices na Gidauniyar. Dukkanin fina-finai ana samun su kyauta daga shafin yanar gizon Kula da Kulawa kuma kungiyar yanzu tana gudanar da hare-haren makarantar sakandare ta amfani da fina-fallafen tare da belun VR a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin ilimantarwa a makaranta. == Makarantar Tsaro == Kula da 'yan sanda ya fara tsarawa a ƙarshen 2012 don gina da gudanar da cibiyar ilmantarwa ta hanyar sufuri don yara masu shekaru 4-11 a shafinta a Maylands. Godiya ga goyon bayan Lotterywest da kuma wasu masu tallafawa kamfanoni, an kammala cibiyar 3,500 sqm kuma an buɗe ta a watan Yulin 2017 kuma yanzu tana ba da cikakken yanayin titin birane don ingantaccen keke da ilimin ƙwarewar masu tafiya. Cibiyar ta haɗa da siginar zirga-zirga mai aiki, ƙetare jirgin ƙasa, yankin makaranta da gine-ginen sikelin, samfuran bas da jirgin ƙasa, dandalin jirgin ƙasa da ƙetare masu tafiya. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da ƙwarewar gaskiyar da aka kara akan iPad minis wanda ke bawa yara damar ganowa da warware haɗarin masu tafiya, keke da lafiyar sufuri na jama'a da aka rufe a kan muhalli, tare da sakamakon da aka bi a ainihin lokacin kuma an haɗa shi da sakamakon ilimin WA. Makarantar Tsaro ta Tsaro ta Danda miliyan 1.7 tana aiki don kungiyoyin balaguro na makarantar firamare tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, kuma an buɗe ta don yin rajistar hutun makaranta na iyali a watan Janairun shekara ta 2018, tare da yara da manya 10,000 da ke halarta a kowace shekara. == Jirgin Ruwa na Da'a == A cikin 2022 Constable Care ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da NSW Primary Ethics don isar da shirin matukin jirgi ga ɗaliban Shekara 5 a makarantun firamare na gwamnati 12 na WA. Fiye da dalibai 600 sun shiga cikin tunanin ɗabi'a na mako-mako da ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa masu mahimmanci a cikin shekara ta makaranta, waɗanda aka horar da masu sa kai da ke aiki daga kayan karatun da aka haɓaka ta Primary Ethics. Manufar matukin jirgi da aka ba da tallafin taimako shine don nuna darajar wannan tsarin haɓaka ƙwarewa ga yara, makarantu da iyaye, tare da la'akari da fadada shirin don ba da damar shiga ga duk makarantun jama'a na WA a duk shekarun K-6 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Kula da 'yan sanda yana gudanar da kimantawa mai ƙarfi na shaidar don amfanin tare da manufar kafa shirin a matsayin tsarin da ke da tushe ga cutarwa da rigakafin aikata laifuka. == Masu ba da gudummawa == Constable Care yana da masu tallafawa biyu na hukuma waɗanda suka halarci abubuwan da suka faru kuma suna ba da shawara da tallafi ga ƙungiyar. Su ne Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na WA Col Blanch APM, da Babban Alkalin Yammacin Australia Peter Quinlan. == Kwamitin == Gidauniyar Kula da Kwamishinan ta ƙunshi mutane da aka samo daga kasuwanci, ilimi, gwamnati, ilimi, tallace-tallace, kafofin watsa labarai, zane-zane da ayyukan al'umma. Shugaban kwamitin na yanzu shine Susan Fleming, manajan darakta na ACT Australia. == Shugaba == David Gribble shine babban jami'in zartarwa na Gidauniyar Kula da Kwamfuta. Ya maye gurbin tsohon Shugaba Vick Evans a watan Janairun 2011. == Tsoffin Ma'aikata == Mutumin talabijin Rove McManus ya taɓa zama mai wasan kwaikwayo na Constable Care, kamar yadda 'yan wasan fim na Australiya Mahesh Jadu da Phoenix Raei suka kasance. Vick Evans ya kasance babban jami'in zartarwa na Gidauniyar Tsaro ta Yara ta Constable na tsawon shekaru 14 daga 1998 zuwa farkon 2011. An yaba masa da samar da tallafin kamfanoni na farko da kuma tabbatar da tallafin gwamnati na ci gaba don shirin. An gano Vick Evans da cutar neurone a cikin 2010 kuma ya mutu a watan Afrilun 2011. Shugaba na yanzu, David Gribble ne ya gaje shi. == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.constablecare.com.au Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [https://constablecare.com.au/program/secondary/youth-choices-films Kula da Kula da Matasa Zaɓuɓɓukan Fim na Interactive] * [https://constablecare.com.au/program/primary/safety-school Shafin yanar gizon Makarantar Tsaro ta Constable] * [https://www.youtube.com/user/ConstableCareTV Tashar YouTube ta kula da 'yan sanda] * [https://constablecare.com.au/program/primary/arility Arility kara gaskiyar aikace-aikacen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622165455/https://constablecare.com.au/program/primary/arility/ |date=2024-06-22 }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] diztne5f6mb8ab6ilerpkp1ze7x7hdg 0 82503 840485 559259 2026-05-27T16:07:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kno, Inc.''' kamfani ne na software wanda ke aiki tare da hadin kan masu bugawa don bayar da littattafan dijital da sauran kayan ilimi.<ref name="digitalbookworld.com">{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2013 |title=Kno Partners With State University of New York Press to Bring Digital Content to Students - Digital Book World |url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |access-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030009/http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/kno-partners-with-state-university-of-new-york-press-to-bring-digital-content-to-students/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, bayan da ya tara kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin babban birnin kasuwanci, kamfanin ya sayi kamfanin. An dakatar da shafin [[yanar gizo]] kuma an sake sunan sabis ɗin zuwa nazarin Intel Education Sdaga baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrie Mihalcik |date=November 9, 2013 |title=Intel stuffs its backpack with high-tech textbooks in Kno deal |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1001_3-57611636-92/intel-stuffs-its-backpack-with-high-tech-textbooks-in-kno-deal/ |access-date=November 9, 2013 |website=[[CNET News]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Osman Rashid ne ya jagoranci Kno, wanda ya kafa Chegg, da CTO Babur Habib, tsohon mai amfani da kayan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2010 |title=Kno: Andreessen Horowitz, others invest $46M in digital textbook startup |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_16021119?nclick_check=1 |access-date=2010-11-19 |website=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sami tallafi daga Andreessen Horowitz, Intel Capital, Goldman Sachs, FLOODGATE da GSV Capital, kuma an kafa shi ne a Santa Clara, [[California]]. Da farko kamfanin ya sanar, a cikin watan Yuni Shekara ta 2010, layin kwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu.[5] Manufarta ita ce bayar da "littafin karatu na dijital / dandamali na ɗalibai" wanda ke nufin kasuwar [[ilimi]].[4] Tablet ɗin littafin yana samuwa ko dai tare da allon taɓawa guda ɗaya 14.1" ko tare da allon taɓawa guda biyu 14.1.[6] Tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan Linux da Webkit. ----A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya ba da lasisi ga ƙirar kayan aikinsa ga Intel kuma a maimakon haka zai mai da hankali kan haɓaka software.<ref name="bw">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2011 |title=Intel Capital, Advance Publications, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, FLOODGATE and SV Angels Invest $30 Million in Kno |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110408005601/en/Intel-Capital-Advance-Publications-Andreessen-Horowitz-Capital |access-date=2011-04-08 |website=Press release}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, kamfanin ya fitar da aikace-aikacen iPad, sannan kuma sassan Galaxy Note 10.1, Android Jelly Bean, Windows 7 & 8, da dandamali da na'urorin yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2011 |title=Kno Unveils Beta Textbook App for iPad with World's Largest eTextbook Catalog |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110606005790/en/Kno-Unveils-Beta-Textbook-App-iPad-World%E2%80%99s |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2012 |title=Kno Education App and Samsung GALAXY Note 10.1 Bring Interactive Textbook Experience to Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120815005341/en/Kno-Education-App-Samsung-GALAXY-Note-10.1 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel® Education Study App - Android Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kno.textbooks |website=play.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy Kno Textbooks - Microsoft Store |url=http://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-US/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |website=Microsoft Store |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2024-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809222927/https://apps.microsoft.com/windows/en-us/app/kno-textbooks/c9ca3bf7-7379-4448-aeae-91a8e8d0c075 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429032216/http://www.kno.com/account/courseManager |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Agustan 2012, kamfanin ya fadada kundin sunayen sarauta daga littattafan kwaleji don haɗawa da kasuwar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2012 |title=Kno Launches K-12 Digital Textbooks, Empowering Parents to Go Digital at Home |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120807005373/en |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref> Kamfanin Intel ne ya mallaki kamfanin a shekara mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2013 |title=Intel Education Welcomes Kno to the Family - CSR@Intel |url=http://blogs.intel.com/csr/2013/11/intel-education-welcomes-kno-to-the-family/ |website=blogs.intel.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} 12z231s3tkpll4oxbmwwn75ujng9xxe 0 87788 840524 543657 2026-05-27T17:24:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalb el louz''' ko '''Qalb ellouz''' ([[Larabci]]: قلب اللوز) kayan [[Algeria|zaki na Aljeriya]] ne na gargajiya na semolina.<ref>rachel finn. “Gâteaux Algériens: A Love Affair.” Gastronomica, vol. 7, no. 2, 2007, pp. 78–82, [[University of California Press]]. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.2.78. Accessed 31 Jul. 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1970|title=La cuisine algérienne by Bouayed, Fatima-Zohra|url=https://www.abebooks.com/cuisine-alg%C3%A9rienne-Bouayed-Fatima-Zohra-Temps-Actuels/31073983930/bd|access-date=|website=www.abebooks.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Tasteatlas>[https://www.tasteatlas.com/kalb-el-louz Taste Atlas]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1970 |title=La cuisine algérienne by Bouayed, Fatima-Zohra |url=https://www.abebooks.com/cuisine-alg%C3%A9rienne-Bouayed-Fatima-Zohra-Temps-Actuels/31073983930/bd |access-date= |website=www.abebooks.com |language=en}}</ref> Kelb el louz, wanda ke nufin "zuciyar almonds" kuma ana kiranta da ''chamia'' ko ''h'rissa'' dangane da yankin, kayan zaki ne na gargajiya na [[Aljeriya]].<ref>[https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/381592 Bonne table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609101959/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/381592 |date=2023-06-09 }} : kalb el louz, une pâtisserie qui fond dans la bouche</ref> Ana yin shi da semolina, almonds, furanni lemo da [[zuma]].<ref name=Tasteatlas /> == Duba kuma == • Abincin Aljeriya == Manazarta == 2ngbyyuo2opu6b8zjxid747i2g23ypm 0 89305 840888 559162 2026-05-28T05:48:15Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354486410|Nile Basin]]" 840888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Nil''' wani yanki ne na [[Afirka]] wanda [[Nil|Kogin Nil]] da magudanan ruwa ke zubarwa. Baya ga kasancewarsa ta biyu mafi girma [[Ruwan ruwa|a fannin magudanar ruwa]] a Afirka, Tafkin Nil shi ne mafi shahara a nahiyar. Ya mamaye kusan kashi 3.4 cikin ɗari na fadin magudanar ruwa.&nbsp;km ², <ref>{{Cite web |title=نهر النيل |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2015/11/28/%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%84 |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> ko kuma kusan kashi 10% na yankin Afirka, wanda ke ratsa yankunan busassu kuma yana da yawan jama'a. Shirin Tafkin Nilu (NBI) ya kasance tun daga shekarar 1999, da nufin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa wajen raba albarkatun da abin ya shafa. Yankin magudanar ruwa na kwarin ya ƙunshi [[Burundi]], [[Cadi|Chad]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Eritrea]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Kenya]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], [[Sudan]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Uganda]] . Kwarin shine babban mai samar da ruwa mai tsafta, wutar lantarki, da kifi ga mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe, yana tallafawa kusan mazauna miliyan 270, ko kashi 20% na yawan jama'ar Afirka. Kwarin yana tashi a tsaunuka kuma yana kwarara a yankuna masu bushewa sosai, musamman [[Sahara|Hamadar Sahara]] . Babban hanyar da ake iya bi ta Kogin Nilu ita ce ta bakin [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] (mafi daidai bayan Kogin Nilu Delta ) har sai da ta kewaye birnin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]], a kudancin Masar. Akwai kuma hanyoyin bi ta madatsar ruwa ta Aswan . A tsakiyar kogin Nilu, bayan madatsar ruwa, saboda kasancewar magudanan ruwa a arewacin [[Khartoum]] (Sudan), kogin yana iya bi ta hanyoyi uku kacal. Na farko yana daga iyakar Masar da Sudan zuwa ƙarshen kudu na [[Tafkin Nasser]] . Na biyu kuma shine sashe tsakanin magudanan ruwa na uku da na huɗu . Hanya ta uku kuma mafi mahimmanci ta tashi daga Khartoum, a kudu, zuwa [[Juba]] (Sudan ta Kudu). Babban mai samar da ruwa ga kwarin shine Tafkin Victoria, wanda ke cikin Babban Kwarin Rift . Kimanin mutane miliyan 238 ne ke zaune a cikin kwarin Nilu, miliyan 172 daga cikinsu suna zaune a yankunan [[Countryside|karkara]] . A yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin kwarin a Sudan ta Kudu kusa da magudanar ruwa tare da [[Kongo Basin|tafkin Congo,]] an yi wani babban [[Mai tafiya|pediplain]] guda ɗaya. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan">{{Cite journal |last=Fölster |first=Horst |year=1964 |title=Morphogenese der südsudanischen Pediplane |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie]] |language=German |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=393–423}}</ref> Tsaunukan da ke sama da wannan pediplain suna ɗauke da ƙasa mai laterite, wani lokacin tare da pisolites ko ferricrete, kuma ragowar [[Fuskar Fuskar|tsohon saman]] ne. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan" /> Wasu daga cikin saman da suka dace da tsohon saman an samar da su ne ta hanyar [[Taimako mai juyawa|juyewar]] kwaruruka. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> t685qug3ulfh9qh9cez6fln1pqcbiaj 840889 840888 2026-05-28T05:48:50Z Engineer014 44591 840889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Nil''' wani yanki ne na [[Afirka]] wanda [[Nil|Kogin Nil]] da magudanan ruwa ke zubarwa. Baya ga kasancewarsa ta biyu mafi girma [[Ruwan ruwa|a fannin magudanar ruwa]] a Afirka, Tafkin Nil shi ne mafi shahara a nahiyar. Ya mamaye kusan kashi 3.4 cikin ɗari na fadin magudanar ruwa.&nbsp;km ², <ref>{{Cite web |title=نهر النيل |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2015/11/28/%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%84 |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref> ko kuma kusan kashi 10% na yankin Afirka, wanda ke ratsa yankunan busassu kuma yana da yawan jama'a. Shirin Tafkin Nilu (NBI) ya kasance tun daga shekarar 1999, da nufin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa wajen raba albarkatun da abin ya shafa. Yankin magudanar ruwa na kwarin ya ƙunshi [[Burundi]], [[Cadi|Chad]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Misra|Masar]], [[Eritrea]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Kenya]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Sudan ta Kudu]], [[Sudan]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Uganda]] . Kwarin shine babban mai samar da ruwa mai tsafta, wutar lantarki, da kifi ga mazaunan waɗannan ƙasashe, yana tallafawa kusan mazauna miliyan 270, ko kashi 20% na yawan jama'ar Afirka. Kwarin yana tashi a tsaunuka kuma yana kwarara a yankuna masu bushewa sosai, musamman [[Sahara|Hamadar Sahara]] . Babban hanyar da ake iya bi ta Kogin Nilu ita ce ta bakin [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] (mafi daidai bayan Kogin Nilu Delta ) har sai da ta kewaye birnin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]], a kudancin Masar. Akwai kuma hanyoyin bi ta madatsar ruwa ta Aswan . A tsakiyar kogin Nilu, bayan madatsar ruwa, saboda kasancewar magudanan ruwa a arewacin [[Khartoum]] (Sudan), kogin yana iya bi ta hanyoyi uku kacal. Na farko yana daga iyakar Masar da Sudan zuwa ƙarshen kudu na [[Tafkin Nasser]] . Na biyu kuma shine sashe tsakanin magudanan ruwa na uku da na huɗu . Hanya ta uku kuma mafi mahimmanci ta tashi daga Khartoum, a kudu, zuwa [[Juba]] (Sudan ta Kudu). Babban mai samar da ruwa ga kwarin shine Tafkin Victoria, wanda ke cikin Babban Kwarin Rift . Kimanin mutane miliyan 238 ne ke zaune a cikin kwarin Nilu, miliyan 172 daga cikinsu suna zaune a yankunan [[Countryside|karkara]] . A yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin kwarin a Sudan ta Kudu kusa da magudanar ruwa tare da [[Kongo Basin|tafkin Congo,]] an yi wani babban [[Mai tafiya|pediplain]] guda ɗaya. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan">{{Cite journal |last=Fölster |first=Horst |year=1964 |title=Morphogenese der südsudanischen Pediplane |journal=[[Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie]] |language=German |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=393–423}}</ref> Tsaunukan da ke sama da wannan pediplain suna ɗauke da ƙasa mai laterite, wani lokacin tare da pisolites ko ferricrete, kuma ragowar [[Fuskar Fuskar|tsohon saman]] ne. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan" /> Wasu daga cikin saman da suka dace da tsohon saman an samar da su ne ta hanyar [[Taimako mai juyawa|juyewar]] kwaruruka. <ref name="ZeitSouthSudan" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> eg0fqo8gc8x3yq621ksrn3jd40xkdyz 0 89521 841484 794017 2026-05-28T11:30:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Erskine Boyce Bowles''' (an haife shi a watan Agusta 8, 1945) ɗan kasuwan Amurka ne kuma ɗan siyasa daga [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]] . Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan fadar White House na 19 daga Janairu 1997 zuwa Oktoba 1998, a karkashin Shugaba [[Bill Clinton]], kuma a matsayin shugaban tsarin Jami'ar North Carolina daga 2005 zuwa 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelderman |first=Eric |date=February 12, 2010 |title=U. of North Carolina's President, Erskine Bowles, Says He Will Step Down - Government - The Chronicle of Higher Education |url=http://chronicle.com/article/U-of-North-Carolinas-Pres/64170 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |publisher=Chronicle.com}}</ref> Har ila yau, bai yi nasara ba a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a 2002 da 2004 don wakiltar North Carolina. A cikin 2010, Bowles ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat na Kwamitin Kasa na Shugaba [[Barack Obama]] kan Alhaki da Gyarawa tare da Alan Simpson . Bowles da Simpson sun kafa ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari, Gangamin Gyara Bashi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2012 |title=What is 'Fix the Debt'? |url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/11/28/news/economy/campaign-to-fix-the-debt/index.html |access-date=August 22, 2019 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=August 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823015507/https://money.cnn.com/2012/11/28/news/economy/campaign-to-fix-the-debt/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Bowles an haife shi kuma ya girma a Greensboro, North Carolina, kuma ɗan Jessamine Woodward Boyce Bowles da Skipper Bowles, ɗan siyasan Demokraɗiyya wanda ya yi takarar Gwamna na North Carolina bai yi nasara ba a 1972. Siblings sun hada da Hargrove Bowles III, Mary Holland Bowles Blanton da marigayi Martha Thomas Bowles. Bowles ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Episcopal na Virginia kafin ya halarci Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill, inda ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Zeta Psi kuma ya kammala karatun digiri tare da digiri na kasuwanci. Bayan ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Amurka Coast Guard, Bowles ya shiga Makarantar Kasuwancin Columbia, inda ya sami MBA . Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bowles ya yi aiki da kamfanin kuɗi Morgan Stanley a birnin New York, inda ya sadu da matarsa ta gaba, Crandall Close. Su biyun sun yi aure a cikin 1971 kuma suka koma North Carolina, inda Bowles ya yi aiki a yakin neman zaben mahaifinsa na 1972. Crandall da Erskine suna da yara uku. A cikin 1975, Bowles ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da bankin zuba jari na Bowles Hollowell Conner, kuma ya kasance a cikin kamfanoni har zuwa 1990s. == Gwamnatin Clinton == A cikin 1992, Bowles ya ƙara shiga cikin siyasa a matsayin mai ba da kuɗi don yakin neman zaben [[Bill Clinton]] na 1992. Shugaba Clinton ya nada Bowles ya jagoranci Gudanar da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a 1993. Daga Oktoba 1994 zuwa Disamba 1995, Bowles ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Fadar White House na Clinton, a wa'adin farko na Gwamnatin Clinton . Bayan ya dawo a taƙaice zuwa Charlotte, North Carolina, inda ya taimaka ya sami kamfani mai zaman kansa, Carousel Capital, an nada Bowles a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Clinton a cikin Disamba 1996. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alhakin Bowles shine mu'amala da shawarwarin kasafin kuɗin tarayya tsakanin Fadar White House da Majalisa. Bowles ya koma Charlotte, North Carolina kuma zuwa fagen kudi kuma a cikin Oktoba 1998. Gwamnan North Carolina Jim Hunt kuma ya bukace shi da ya jagoranci wata tawaga ta inganta tattalin arzikin karkara. [[Fayil:ErskineBowlesandClinton.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Shugaba Clinton da Bowles (sanye da rigar riga a hagu)]] == tseren Sanata == Ko da yake da farko bai so neman mukamin siyasa ba, Bowles ya sake yin la'akari da tsayawa takarar majalisar dattijan Amurka bayan [[September 11 attacks|harin 11 ga Satumba]] kuma, a watan Oktoban 2001, ya ayyana takararsa a majalisar dattawa a matsayin dan takarar Democrat . Da yake neman cike kujerar da Jesse Helms ya bari, Bowles ya amince da takarar jam'iyyar, amma ya sha kaye a babban zaben shekara ta 2002 ta 'yar takarar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] Elizabeth Dole . A cikin 2004, Bowles ya sake yin yakin neman zaben Majalisar Dattawa, yana neman ya cika kujerar da dan Democrat John Edwards ya bari. Ya fafata da [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|dan Republican]] Richard Burr da dan Libertarian Tom Bailey a wata fafatawar da ta yi zafi. Watan karshe na yakin neman zabe na Majalisar Dattijai ya ga yakin Bowles da Burr sun juya da karfi sosai, tare da yakin Burr ya kai hari ga ƙungiyoyin Bowles tare da [[Bill Clinton|gwamnatin Clinton]], yayin da yakin Bowles ya kai hari kan Burr a kan goyon bayansa na dokar kasuwanci da kuma gudunmawar sha'awa ta musamman. Duka kamfen ɗin biyu sun kashe kuɗi mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗayan mafi tsadar tsere a duk faɗin jihar a tarihin Arewacin Carolina. Duk da cewa tun farko da aka fara gudanar da zaben bayan zaben fidda gwani, da kuma dan jam'iyyar Democrat Mike Easley da ke neman wa'adi na biyu a matsayin gwamna a saman tikitin jam'iyyar jihar, Bowles ya sha kaye a zaben 2004 shi ma. A shekara ta 2005 Bowles ya amince da nadi a matsayin mataimakin manzon musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasashen da Tsunami ta shafa, ya sake yin aiki da Bill Clinton wanda a yanzu yake aiki a matsayin manzon musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Jami'ar North Carolina == A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2005, Hukumar Gwamnonin Jami'ar North Carolina ta zabi Bowles don ya gaji Molly Corbett Broad a matsayin shugaban tsarin, duk da cewa wasu sun nuna cewa Hukumar Gwamnonin ta karya doka wajen rashin gudanar da taron jama'a a cikin majalisar. tsarin daukar ma'aikata. Daya daga cikin muhimman nade-naden da ya yi shi ne na Holden Thorp a matsayin shugabar jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill, wanda ya yi murabus a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2012, sakamakon wasu badakalolin da suka shafi wasannin motsa jiki. Bowles ya kuma yi magana a taron tunawa da harabar tunawa da shugabar kungiyar dalibai Eve Carson da aka kashe. A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Bowles ya sanar da yin ritaya daga Tsarin UNC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2010 |title=Bowles to retire as UNC president |url=http://www.wral.com/news/education/story/7014608/ |publisher=WRAL}}</ref> Thomas W. Ross ya maye gurbin Bowles. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 25, 2010 |title=Erskine Bowles: Values, work ethic guided career |url=http://www.news-record.com/content/2010/12/25/article/erskine_bowles_values_work_ethic_guided_career |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904071645/http://www.news-record.com/content/2010/12/25/article/erskine_bowles_values_work_ethic_guided_career |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |publisher=News and Record}}</ref> == Hukumar Bowles-Simpson == An nada Bowles a shekara ta 2010 don ya zama shugaban kwamitin shugaban kasa [[Barack Obama]] kan alhaki da sake fasalin kasa tare da Alan K. Simpson . Hukumar ta ki ci ta ki cinyewa, kuma rahoton shugabannin kan manufofin rage gibin kasafin kudin bai samu karbuwa daga gwamnatin Obama ba. Da yake mamakin kin amincewar, Bowles daga baya ya ce ya yi imanin cewa Obama ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da rahoton ya bar [shugaban kasafin kudi na majalisar wakilai] Paul Ryan ya fara tafiya, sannan zai yi kama da mutum mai hankali a wasan, bisa shawarar mashawarcinsa kan harkokin siyasa. da kuma rashin amincewar tawagar tattalin arzikinsa. <ref name="NEW" /> == Daga baya aiki == Bowles ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na General Motors, Morgan Stanley, Norfolk Southern Corporation, <ref name="NSC 8-K 05/10/2012">{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2012 |title=NSC 8-K 05/10/2012 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/702165/000070216512000082/annualmtg12.htm |publisher=SEC}}</ref> da North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company kuma yana aiki a North Carolina Advisory Board of DonorsChoose . A ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2011, Facebook, Inc. ya sanar da cewa ya nada Bowles ga hukumarsa. Bayan da gwamnan North Carolina Bev Perdue ya sanar da cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara karo na biyu a shekara ta 2012 ba, an ambaci Bowles a matsayin dan takara mai yiwuwa, kuma zaben ya sanya shi kusan ko da dan takarar Republican Pat McCrory . Amma a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2012, Bowles ya ba da sanarwar cewa ba zai nemi kujerar gwamna ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leslie |first=Laura |date=February 2, 2012 |title=Bowles won't run for governor |url=http://www.wral.com/news/state/nccapitol/blogpost/10678711/ |access-date=August 24, 2014 |publisher=WRAL.com}}</ref> == Tarihin zabe == * 2004 Zaɓen Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a Arewacin Carolina ** Richard Burr (R), 52% ** Erskine Bowles (D), 47% * 2002 Zaɓen Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a North Carolina ** Elizabeth Dole (R), 54% ** Erskine Bowles (D), 45% == Membobin hukumar == Bowles kuma memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na: * Shugaba Emeritus na Jami'ar North Carolina * Daraktan, Morgan Stanley * Tsohon Darakta, Norfolk Southern Corporation, <ref name="NSC 8-K 05/10/2012"/> * Darakta, Kamfanin Inshorar Mutual Life Mutual ta North Carolina * Darakta, Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari ta Arewacin Carolina Zaɓi . * Daraktan, Facebook, Inc., wanda ya sanar da Satumba 7, 2011, cewa ya nada Bowles a cikin hukumarsa. * Darakta, Cousins Properties, Inc. * Gudanarwa, Belk, Inc. * Tsohon Darakta, Janar Motors * Darakta, Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Tarayya Mai Alhaki == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * UClinton, Bill (2005). ''Rayuwata'' . Vintage. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4000-3003-X|1-4000-3003-X]] . == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.fixthedebt.org/ Gyara Bashi] * Appearances * Erskine Bowles * [http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/Erskine_Bowles.htm Bayar da matsayi] a OnTheIssues.org * {{New York Times topic|people/b/erskine_b_bowles}} * [http://www.fixthedebt.org/ Gyara yakin Bashi] wanda Simpson da Bowles suka kafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5fweg60we4bg7velrqaae7p3qlvid4i 0 92481 841057 581263 2026-05-28T07:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kungiyar Gudanar da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka''' ana takaita sunan da (PMAESA) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, kungiya ce mai alaƙa da gwamnati da ta ƙunshi masu gudanar da tashar jiragen ruwa, Ma'aikatun Layin Gwamnati, Masu bayar da Ayyuka da Masu bayar da aikin gudanar da jiragen Ruwa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki daga Gabas, Yamma da Kudancin Afirka da yankunan Tekun Indiya. == Tarihi == An fara kafa ƙungiyar ta PMAESA a matsayin Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gabashin Afirka, a birnin Mombasa na ƙasar Kenya, a watan Afrilun shekara ta 1973, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga Afirka (UNECA), biyo bayan shawarar da aka yi a taron Ministocin Afirka da ke kula da sufuri, wanda aka gudanar a ƙasar Tunisiya a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1971. == Manufofi == Babban burin PMAESA shine ƙarfafa dangantakar tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na membobinta tare da hangen nesa don inganta hadin gwiwar yanki da kuma haɗin kan yankuna. Kungiyar na bayar da tsarin da ya dace don musayar bayanai da ra'ayoyi tsakanin mambobi da kuma samar da yanayin da ke bayar da damar da mambobi zasu iya hulɗa da juna a tashar jiragen ruwa, sufuri da wuraren kasuwanci. PMAESA kuma na aiki don inganta yanayin aiki da gudanar da tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin da take da shi tare da hangen nesa don inganta yawan amfanin su. PMAESA tana neman kula da dangantaka da wasu hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa ko ƙungiyoyi, ƙungiyoyi da gwamnatocin yanki da na duniya don gudanar da tattaunawa kan batutuwan da suka shafi kowa. == Kasancewa memba == An tsara membobin ƙungiyar kamar haka:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pmaesa.org/ |title=PMAESA, Profiles |access-date=2025-02-05 |archive-date=2009-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216110627/http://www.pmaesa.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mambobin Gabashin Gabas: [[Eritrea]], [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], [[Kenya]], [[Sudan]], da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]. * Mambobin Kudancin Kudanci: [[Angola]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. * Membobin da ke gaɓar teku tare da tashar jiragen ruwa: [[Burundi]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]], * Tsibirin Tekun Indiya: [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], [[Moris|Mauritius]], Réunion (sashen kasashen waje na Faransa), [[Seychelles]] da [[Zanzibar]] . Rahoton membobin ya ƙunshi hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa na ƙasashe membobin da tashar jiragen sama. == Sakatariya == Sakatariyar ƙungiyar PMAESA, na a birnin Mombasa, Kenya don ikon daidaita ayyukan kungiyar. == Ayyuka == Tsaro na teku da kariya ga yanayin ruwa, sufuri, batutuwan ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa kamar kididdigar tashar jiragen ƙasa, haɗin gwiwar ɓangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, sadarwa, masana'antar jirgin ruwa da hadin gwiwar yanki sune manyan ƙudurin aikin ƙungiyar ta PMAESA. ==Duba kuma== * [[Tekun Indiya]] * [[Mozambique Channel]] * [[Somaliya]] * [[Red Sea]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== * [http://www.pmaesa.org/ Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216110627/http://www.pmaesa.org/ |date=2009-12-16 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090208171942/http://eastandard.net/business/InsidePage.php?id=1144005818&cid=464& The Standard, "How ports in Africa plan to tackle waste management" 5 February 2009] {{DEFAULTSORT:Port Management Association Of Eastern And Southern Africa}} [[Category:Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa]] [[Category: Ƙungiyar Kasashe ta Duniya Mai Mazauni a Afrika]] [[Category: Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa a Afrika ]] [[Category:Red Sea]] [[Category:Tafkin Kivu]] [[Category:Tafkin Tanganyika]] [[Category:Mombasa]] [[Rukuni:Ƙungioyi]] [[Rukuni:Hadakar ƙungiyoyin Kasashe]] 8s131l2jmwk14xygrabu06vb0jhydu9 0 96151 840481 835594 2026-05-27T14:22:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Judith Tobaiwa''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1986 ko kuma a shekara ta 1987) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Zimbabwe wacce aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Dokokin ƙasar Zimbabwe a zaɓen cike gurbi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2022. Ta wakilci Kwekwe ta tsakiya a matsayin mamba na Ƙungiyar Jama'a don Canji. == Tarihi == Marigayi mahaifin Tobaiwa, Shadreck, ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Kwekwe daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2013 kuma a matsayin mataimakinyar magajin garin daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa mutuwarsa daga [[Ciwon daji na prostate|cutar sankara ta prostate]] a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Chronicle - Breaking news |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/prostrate-cancer-claims-kwekwe-deputy-mayor/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwekwe deputy mayor dies |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/kwekwe-deputy-mayor-dies/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The Herald |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195907/https://www.herald.co.zw/kwekwe-deputy-mayor-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tobaiwa mamba ce ta kungiyar ɗalibai ta ƙasar Zimbabwe (Zinasu) a kwalejin fasaha ta Kwekwe. Ta shiga jam’iyyar Movement for Democratic Change–Tsvangirai a matsayin ma’ajin unguwa a garin Kwekwe kuma a hankali ta samu shiga cikin jam’iyyar. Ta kasance mataimakiyar tsohuwar jam'iyyar MDC-T Kwekwe ta tsakiya Blessing Chebundo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=It’s time for generational renewal: Tobaiwa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/news/article/43859/its-time-for-generational-renewal-tobaiwa |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == A watan Oktoban 2020, Tobaiwa ta lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar MDC Alliance don tantance 'yan takarar jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar a Kwekwe ta tsakiya sakamakon rasuwar ɗan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar Masango Matambanadzo daga jam'iyyar National Patriotic Front. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Majoni |first=Nyashadzashe |date=2020-10-10 |title=JUST IN: Kwekwe deputy mayor's daughter to represent MDC Alliance in by-elections |url=https://zwnews.com/just-in-kwekwe-deputy-mayors-daughter-to-represent-mdc-alliance-in-by-elections/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Zw News Zimbabwe |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, Tobaiwa ta sauya sheka zuwa sabuwar jam'iyyar tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar MDC Nelson Chamisa, wato Citizens Coalition for Change, kuma shi ne aka tsayar da shi a matsayin ɗan takarar jam'iyyar a zaɓen fidda gwani na Kwekwe ta tsakiya. Ta lashe zaɓen da aka yi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2022, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama ‘yar majalisar wakilai a mazaɓar tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai a Zimbabwe a shekarar 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Majoni |first=Nyashadzashe |date=2022-03-29 |title=WATCH{{!}} History-Making Judith Tobaiwa Thanks Kwekwe Central Over Poll Triumph |url=https://zwnews.com/watch-history-making-judith-tobaiwa-thanks-kwekwe-central-over-poll-triumph/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Zw News Zimbabwe |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908195907/https://zwnews.com/watch-history-making-judith-tobaiwa-thanks-kwekwe-central-over-poll-triumph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A kan zaɓen ta, Tobaiwa ta ce dole ne talaka ya ci gajiyar ma'adinan gwal na Kwekwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyambabvu |first=Gilbert |date=2022-03-28 |title=NEW MP: Kwekwe’s Gold Must Benefit The Poor Not Zanu PF Elites |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/new-mp-kwekwes-gold-must-benefit-the-poor-not-zanu-pf-elites/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> An rantsar da Tobaiwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Zimbabwe a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New MPs set for swearing in |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/new-mps-set-for-swearing-in/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONAL ASSEMBLY HANSARD 5 APRIL 2022 VOL 48 NO 35 |url=https://parlzim.gov.zw/download/national-assembly-hansard-5-april-2022-vol-48-no-35/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Parliament of Zimbabwe |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2023, Tobaiwa ta karɓi takarar CCC na tsayawa takara a Kwekwe Central a babban zaɓen 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimbabwe |first=New |date=2023-04-07 |title=Former Midlands mayors nominated in CCC’s candidate selection |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/former-midlands-mayors-nominated-in-cccs-candidate-selection/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta riƙe kujerar CCC a babban zaɓen ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2023 |title=CCC’s Judith Tobaiwa romps to victory in Kwekwe Central Constituency Polls |work=Impact Stories Zimbabwe |url=https://impactstories.co.zw/index.php/2023/08/24/landslide-victory-for-cccs-judith-tobaiwa/ |access-date=8 September 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] snaoc4bhrw27odfzoqgtvw2m5f78pkd 3 97412 840478 604317 2026-05-27T14:04:22Z Ontzak 10636 Ontzak moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Elcasudo]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Elcasudo|Elcasudo]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635|Renamed user f756c53aa2207d45728fd4ce07fb2635]]" 604317 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Elcasudo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Elcasudo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) ot7pql8wg6660uj043tbwm1pn348cpq 0 97485 840616 793586 2026-05-27T23:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kaala_Kevin_Ojinga.jpg|thumb| Kaala Kevin Ojinga]] '''Kevin Ojinga Kaala''' 'yar siyasar ƙasar [[Uganda]] ce kuma ita ce mace 'yar majalisar dokoki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2020 |title=List of candidates nominated |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/press/Nominated%20Candidates%20for%20Parliamentary%20Elections%202021.ver18.11.2020.pdf |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=ec.or.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaala Kevin Ojinga - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/kaala-kevin-ojinga-10663/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNOW YOUR MP-ELECT: Kevin Kaala Ojinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/91674 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2021-05-18 |title=Here is the list of 132 MPs expected to be sworn in today |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2021/05/18/here-is-the-list-of-132-mps-expected-to-sworn-in-today/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Matooke Republic |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407072546/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2021/05/18/here-is-the-list-of-132-mps-expected-to-sworn-in-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumpet |first=Admin |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-05 |title=Pallisa Woman MP Candidate Nominated |url=https://www.babatv.co.ug/pallisa-woman-mp-candidate-nominated/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Baba Tv Uganda - Obusoga Bulaile : Watch Baba Tv |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210141419/https://www.babatv.co.ug/pallisa-woman-mp-candidate-nominated/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, an zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata a majalisar dokoki a gundumar Palisa yayin babban zaɓen ƙasar Uganda na shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2020 |title=List of candidates nominated |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/press/Nominated%20Candidates%20for%20Parliamentary%20Elections%202021.ver18.11.2020.pdf |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=ec.or.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaala Kevin Ojinga - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/kaala-kevin-ojinga-10663/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNOW YOUR MP-ELECT: Kevin Kaala Ojinga |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/91674 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=2021-05-18 |title=Here is the list of 132 MPs expected to be sworn in today |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2021/05/18/here-is-the-list-of-132-mps-expected-to-sworn-in-today/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Matooke Republic |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407072546/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2021/05/18/here-is-the-list-of-132-mps-expected-to-sworn-in-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumpet |first=Admin |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-05 |title=Pallisa Woman MP Candidate Nominated |url=https://www.babatv.co.ug/pallisa-woman-mp-candidate-nominated/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Baba Tv Uganda - Obusoga Bulaile : Watch Baba Tv |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement mai mulki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence Okwakol |date=4 May 2018 |title=Campaigns in high gear |url=https://archives.visiongroup.co.ug/vision/NewVisionaApi/v1/uploads/NV040518pg13.pdf |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=visiongroup.co.ug |archive-date=21 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221103525/https://archives.visiongroup.co.ug/vision/NewVisionaApi/v1/uploads/NV040518pg13.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KEVIN OJINGA KAALA, Aspiring Woman MP 2021–2026, PALLISA |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=2548 |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Candidates for Member of Parliament 2021–2026 {{!}} Uchaguzi {{!}} A Voter awareness and education project |url=https://uchaguzi.go.ug/candidates/mp |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=Uchaguzi {{!}} A Voter awareness and education project |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419100713/https://uchaguzi.go.ug/candidates/mp |url-status=dead }}</ref> A majalisa ta goma sha ɗaya, tana aiki a kwamitin kula da jinsi, kwadago da ci gaban zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on Gender, Labour and Social Development – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-gender-labour-and-social-development/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda * [[Faith Alupo|Imani Alupo]] * National Resistance Movement * gundumar Palis * Dan majalisa * Majalisar Uganda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a9m3w47wcjvu68gqlyoynjlawydsfid 0 97504 840472 604732 2026-05-27T13:36:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_Honourable_Jovrine_Kyomukama_Kaliisa.jpg|alt=Hon. Jovrine Kyomukama Kaliisa,the National Deputy Coordinator of the Parish Development Model|thumb| Hon. Jovrine Kyomukama Kaliisa]] '''Hon. Jovrine Kyomukama Kaliisa''' (an Haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta 1975) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar kasuwa 'yar Uganda, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Ƙasa na Tsarin Ci gaban Ikklesiya. Ita ce wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Ibanda kuma tana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=107 |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Kaliisa Jovrine Kyomukama|url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/kaliisa-jovrine/|access-date=2021-03-31|website=MPScan Uganda|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=KALIISA JOVRINE KYOMUKAMA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/kaliisa-jovrine-kyomukama/ |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731052522/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/kaliisa-jovrine-kyomukama/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-13|title=MPs Warned Off Operation Wealth Creation|url=https://chimpreports.com/mps-warned-off-operation-wealth-creation/|access-date=2021-03-31|website=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref> A zaɓukan shekarun 2021-2026, ta kasance mace mai son zama 'yar majalisar wakilai ta gundumar Ibanda a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement, duk da haka ba ta ci zaɓen ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Jovrine Kaliisa Kyomukama, Aspiring Woman MP 2021-2026, Ibanda District |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=97 |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayanan ilimi == Ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin hulɗar da ƙasa da ƙasa daga Jami'ar Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Ta kuma yi digirin farko a fannin kula da kasada da tsaro daga Jami'ar Portsmouth, Burtaniya, sannan ta yi difloma a fannin sadarwar jama'a daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Watsa Labarai, Kampala.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Know More About Hon. Jovrine Kaliisa Kyomukama|url=http://ibandacommunity.com/aspirant.php?profile=97|access-date=2021-03-31|website=ibandacommunity.com}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St Helens, Nyamitanga don Jarrabawar Firamarenta a shekarar 1989 sannan ta shiga Lugogo Hall Center for Uganda Certificate Of Education a 2011. <ref name=":0"/> Ta riƙe Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education daga Buganda College, Wakiso a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":0" /> == Aiki kafin siyasa == Daga shekarun 2005 zuwa yau, an ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin Darakta na Crane Coaches Ltd. Tsakanin shekarun 1994 zuwa 1997, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai gabatar da Rediyo a Radio Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 1998-2002, ta yi aiki a matsayin Manaja Talla a Sales International Uganda. <ref name=":0" /> Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2005, tana aiki a UGAWood Construction Company a matsayin Manaja. <ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar Siyasa == Tana aiki a cikin gwamnati a matsayin mataimakiyar mai kula da ci gaban Parish Model na ƙasa. Ita ce shugabar mata ta kungiyar mata a gundumar Ibanda kuma mamba a kwamitin gine-gine a Ibanda Parish. Daga shekarun 2016 zuwa yau, Jovrine ta zama memba na majalisar dokoki a majalisar dokokin Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> Yayin da take Majalisar Dokokin Uganda, ta yi aiki a kwamitin yaki da cutar kanjamau da cututtuka masu alaka da kuma kwamitin kula da ayyukan gwamnati da na ƙananan hukumomi. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarar 2020, an kama ta kuma aka tsare ta a ofishin 'yan sanda na Ibanda a ranar Alhamis da yamma saboda saba ka'idojin COVID-19, kashe kuɗi da kuma yakin neman zaɓen da ya gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-03 |title=Breaking: Ibanda Woman MP, Kaliisa, arrested hours to NRM Primaries |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/breaking-ibanda-woman-mp-kaliisa-arrested-hours-to-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin majalisar 10, ta kasance mamba a kungiyar 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2021-03-31 |website=uwopa.or.ug}}</ref> Ta kasance wacce ta ci lambar yabo ta hidima don karramawa ga fitacciyar hidima a matsayinta na ‘yar majalisa wacce ta nemi [[commons:File:Kibubura_Girls'_Secondary_School.jpg|makarantar ‘yan mata ta Kibubura]] a shekarar 2023. == Bayanan sirri == Tana da aure tana da ‘ya’ya huɗu.. <ref name=":1"/> Abubuwan sha'awarta sune karatu da yin iyo kuma tana da sha'awa ta musamman ga aikin al'umma. <ref name=":0"/> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma na Uganda * Majalisar Uganda * Dan majalisa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 90y1fwfvsom3gvbksr0iuiu64lsf6qm 0 97509 840471 610399 2026-05-27T13:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jovah Kamateeka''' wacce kuma aka sani da '''Kamateeka Jovah Karamagi''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Maris 1954) 'yar siyasar ƙasar [[Uganda]] ce kuma mai gudanarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=353 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=KAMATEEKA JOVAH KARAMAGI |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/kamateeka-jovah-karamagi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803093611/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/kamateeka-jovah-karamagi/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce Wakiliyar Mata ta gundumar Mitooma kuma tana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a time bomb! MP Kamateeka concerned over use of hate speech ahead of 2021 elections |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/tag/ms-jovah-kamateeka |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gen Otafiire supporters injured in campaign fight |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/gen-otafiire-supporters-injured-in-campaign-fight-1637926 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> A zaɓen shekarun 2021-2026, Jovah ta sha kaye a zaɓen a hannun Juliet Agasha Bashisha wacce ita ce wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Mitooma a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar siyasa ta NRM. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jovah Kamateeka Archives |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/jovah-kamateeka/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JOVAH KAMATEEKA DR, CANON, Aspiring Woman MP 2021-2026, Mitooma |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=412 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Asalin ilimi == A shekarar 1966, ta kammala Jarabawar Firamare a Makarantar Mitooma Boys Primary sannan ta shiga Bwerayangi Girls Senior Secondary School for Uganda Certificate of Education a shekarar 1970. <ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 1972, ta kammala karatunta na ci gaba na Ilimin Uganda daga [[Makarantar Sakandare ta Gayaza|makarantar sakandare ta Gayaza]]. <ref name=":0" /> Ta shiga [[Jami'ar Makerere]] don samun BA/ DIP ED (1976) kuma ta dawo a shekarar 1982 don samun Master of Arts. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarar 1985, an ba ta takardar shedar Shari'a (Course Officers Law Course) daga Cibiyar Bunƙasa Shari'a, [[Kampala]]. <ref name=":0" /> Daga baya ta shiga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Uganda]] a shekarar 1993 don samun Diploma a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a & Gudanarwa. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarar 1994, ta shiga RIPA don samun Takaddun shaida a Tsarin Ayyuka. <ref name=":0" /> Ta yi rajista a Master of Business Administration a ESAMI kuma ta kammala shi a shekarar 2009. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarar 2010, an bai wa Jovah Masters na Nazarin Gudanarwa daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Uganda]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar aiki kafin shiga siyasa == A tsakanin shekarun 1982 zuwa 1988, ta yi aiki a [[Office of the President (Uganda)|ofishin shugaban ƙasa]] a matsayin mataimakiyar sakatare. Daga baya ta shiga Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Makamashi tsakanin shekarun 1989-1990 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Mataimakiyar Sakatare. Jovah ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Mataimakiyar Sakatare a Hukumar Tsarin Mulki (1990-1993), da Ma'aikatar Ƙananan Hukumomi (1993 - 1997). Ta yi aiki a gidan gwamnati a matsayin Babbar Mataimakiyar Sakatare daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 1999. Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2010, ta kasance mataimakiyar Sakatare a Hukumar Gyara Dokokin Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwar Siyasa == Daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2021, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a majalisa ta 9 da ta 10 ta Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki a kan Professional Body a matsayin cikakkiyar memba a African Association of Public Admin & Management and Common Wealth ASS for Public Admin & Management. <ref name=":0"/> Ita ce shugabar kwamitin kare hakkin ɗan Adam. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jovah Kamateeka |url=https://chimpreports.com/tag/jovah-kamateeka/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mamba a kwamitin kasuwanci da kwamitin kuɗi, tsare-tsare da ci gaban tattalin arziki. <ref name=":0" /> Ita mamba ce a kwamitin harkokin shari'a da majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admini |title=Parliament Passes The Probate Resealing Bill 2019, Aimed at Easing Administering Of Property Across Borders – theinsider.ug |url=https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2021/03/18/parliament-passes-the-probate-resealing-bill-2019-aimed-at-easing-administering-of-property-across-borders/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament passes law on missing persons |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/94909 |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Jovah Kamateeka bazawara ce. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> Abubuwan sha'awarta sune karatu da haɗuwa da mutane. <ref name=":0" /> Jovah tana da sha'awa na musamman a cikin nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki wanda take yi daga All Saints Mitooma Women DEV ASS, Hosting home cell, da Tallafin marayu. <ref name=":0" /> Ita ce memba na majalisar jami'a Awist, memba na majalisar diocesan West Ankole kuma shugabar hukumar lafiya ta yamma. <ref name=":0" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma na Uganda * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda na tara * Mitooma * National Resistance Movement * Majalisar Uganda * Dan majalisa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] oeg85jp3ifts9jhwe9duc7lfwdw4ufd 0 100342 841278 838922 2026-05-28T09:13:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   Kwaku Boateng (1925/1926 - ga Mayu 2006) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma lauya wanda ya kasance ministan jihar a Jamhuriyar Farko . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Kwaku Boateng an haife shi ne ga Opanin Acheampong da Madam Anima Acheampung na Tsohon Tafo a Akyem Abuakwa, Gold Coast . Ya fara karatu a makarantar firamare ta Old Tafo kuma ya ci gaba a makarantar Begoro Senior School don karatun sakandare. Ya shiga Makarantar Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, a shekara ta 1941 kuma ya kasance a can har zuwa 1944, lokacin da ya koma Makarantar Sakandare ta Presbyterian a Odumase Krobo kuma a can ya sami Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge. Boateng ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fourah Bay, Freetown, Saliyo, a 1948 amma ya bar a 1949 kuma ya shiga King's College London University. Ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 1954, ya sami digiri na farko na shari'a, kuma an kira shi zuwa Bar na Ingilishi a Gray's Inn a shekara ta 1955. An kira shi zuwa Ghana Bar daga baya a wannan shekarar kuma daga baya ya shiga La Chambers a matsayin ƙaramin likita. Boateng ya fara aikin lauya a 1956 kuma ya kasance a cikin aikin kansa har zuwa Disamba na wannan shekarar, lokacin da aka zabe shi memba na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Tafo . == Siyasa == Kwaku Boateng ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta Yarjejeniya kuma ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a [[Gwamnatin Nkrumah]] . Ya kasance Ministan Bayanai kuma, a 1961, ya zama Ministan Cikin Gida. Ya kasance Ministan Ilimi a karkashin [[Kwame Nkrumah]] daga Mayu 1964 . == Fitarwa == Bayan juyin mulki da Majalisar 'Yancin Kasa ta yi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun 1966, Boateng tare da sauran mambobin gwamnati sun tafi gudun hijira. Ya tafi Ingila tare da iyalinsa. == Sauran ayyukan == Yayinda yake Ministan Ilimi, Boateng ya buɗe Gidan Littafi Mai-Tsarki, hedkwatar Ƙungiyar Littafi Mai-Msarki ta Ghana a madadin Kwame Nkrumah a shekarar 1965. Ya kasance mai kula da Ƙungiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki har zuwa mutuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIBLE HOUSE IN ACCRA OPENED |url=http://www.biblesociety-ghana.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=50 |access-date=2010-06-14 |publisher=Bible Society of Ghana |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725070220/http://www.biblesociety-ghana.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=50 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Zuwa ƙarshen aikinsa na siyasa, Boateng ya zama mai bishara. == Iyali == Paul Boateng, ɗan siyasan Labour na [[Birtaniya]], wanda ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin Brent ta Kudu daga 1987 zuwa 2005, ɗansa ne. Matar Kwaku Boateng ita ce Mrs Eleanor Boateng, wacce ta kasance 'yar Scotland. 'Yan uwansa sune Andrew Boateng, na New York, da Francis Boateng, Lieutenant na Sashen' yan sanda na Los Angeles (a cikin Sashen Laifukan Kasuwanci). A farkon shekarun 1950, Kwaku Boateng yana da alaƙa da wata budurwa, ta haifa masa ɗa, Isaac Boateng . Kwaku Boateng da [[J. B. Danquah]] suna da alaƙa ta hanyar aure.<ref name="vaultz">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2018 |title=I knew my vision was limitless. I wanted to teach – Mr Frank B. Adu Jr. |url=https://thevaultzmag.com/editors-pick/personality-profiles/i-knew-my-vision-was-limitless-i-wanted-to-teach-mr-frank-b-adu-jr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027195303/https://thevaultzmag.com/editors-pick/personality-profiles/i-knew-my-vision-was-limitless-i-wanted-to-teach-mr-frank-b-adu-jr |archive-date=27 October 2021 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=thevaultzmag |publisher=The Vaultz Magazine |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Kwaku Boateng ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2006, yana da shekaru 80, a gidan ɗansa Paul a Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, a lokacin da Paul ya zama Babban Kwamishinan Afirka ta Kudu. == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Gwamnatin Nkrumah]] * Jam'iyyar Jama'a ta Yarjejeniya {{S-start}} {{S-par|gh}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=}} {{S-aft}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Ministry for Information}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Minister for the Interior (Ghana)|Minister for the Interior]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Minister for Education}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Dan Siyasar Ghana]] [[Rukuni:Ghana School of Law alumni]] t452oduspr91l6x4ickisagzmiqs6fw 0 100398 840918 835910 2026-05-28T06:07:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cristos Gianakos''' (an haife shi a watan Janairu 4, 1934) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda aka sani da manyan ayyukan sassaƙa sassaƙa da shigarwa. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://www.minusspace.com/cris-gianakos |access-date=1 January 2023 |publisher=Minus Space}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://citronne.com/en/artist/cris-gianakos/ |access-date=1 January 2023 |publisher=Citronne Gallery}}</ref> Yana zaune kuma yana aiki a [[New York]], <ref name=":13" /> inda yake koyarwa a Makarantar Kayayyakin gani tun a shekarar 1963. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=First Look: Cris Gianakos |url=https://archives.sva.edu/blog/post/first-look-cris-gianakos |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=archives.sva.edu}}</ref> Ya kasance yana nunawa da bugawa a matsayin Cris Gianakos tun 2002. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Cristos Gianakos a unguwar Washington Heights na [[New York]] a shekara ta 1934. Ya shafe yawancin lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a Girka, kafin ya koma [[New York]] inda ya halarci makarantar jama'a, ya yi nazarin zane-zane na zane-zane a Makarantar Kayayyakin, kuma ya gudanar da kasuwancin zane mai zaman kansa daga shekara ta 1961 zuwa 1971. <ref name=":5"/> Gianakos ya fara baje kolin nasa sassaka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO |url=https://www.crisgianakos.com/cg-bio |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=crisgianakos |language=en}}</ref> An wakilce shi a cikin 1968 ''Whitney Annual'' a Gidan Tarihi na Whitney da nunin 1970 ''A Presence Plastic'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Plastic Presence |url=https://specificobject.com/objects/info.cfm?object_id=15630}}</ref> a Gidan Tarihi na Yahudawa a [[New York]] tare da ayyukan da aka yi da resin polyester. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Pincus-Wittent on Frank Lincoln Viner, Craig Kauffman, DeWain Valentine, Peter Alexander, Bruce Beasley, Robert Bassler, The Gianakos brothers and Eva Hesse |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/197001/frank-lincoln-viner-craig-kauffman-dewain-valentine-peter-alexander-bruce-beasley-robert-bassler-the-gianakos-brothers-and-eva-hesse-70922 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ya fara yin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da suka haɗa da danyen itace. Mawallafin [[Stephen Westfall]] ya bayyana cewa: "Gianakos' ramps su ne sassaƙa tare da shirin gaba, ko' fuska." ... Ƙananan jiragen sama sun ratsa cikin yanayin tare da wasu ikon rarraba na Barnett Newman's zips." A cikin shekara ta 1983, Gianakos ya fara jerin ayyuka masu girma biyu akan manyan zanen gado na Mylar . Mai sukar jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' William Zimmer ya rubuta:<blockquote>Cristos Gianakos 'matukar tashi kodayaushe shine jumlolin jirgin sama, amma wani nau'in lissafi ya yi karfi a cikin sassaken sa ta hanyar amfani da kayan gini kamar itace da karfe. Zanensa akan Mylar shima yana da mahimmanci ... [kuma] yana ba da umarni da hankali saboda Mista Gianakos, ta yin amfani da acrylic, tawada da graphite, ya gina wani wuri mai ƙarfi har yana da haske mai kusa-karfe. </blockquote>Yorghos Tzirtzilakis ya rubuta cewa: "Gianakos yana aiki akan girman kayan sassaka (zabin kayan abu guda ɗaya a kowane lokaci yana da alama ya mamaye) kuma yana ƙoƙarin sake fasalin fahimtarmu game da sararin samaniya da muhalli An lura da tasiri irin su Ƙarfafawar Rasha, Suprematism, Minimalism, Constantin Brancusi, Franz Kline da Giorgio di Chirico a cikin aikin Gianakos. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Eclipse - Public Art Fund |url=https://www.publicartfund.org/exhibitions/view/eclipse/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.publicartfund.org}}</ref> Gianakos ya gabatar da nune-nunen nune-nunen solo a Gidan Tarihi na Nassau County Museum of Art (1979), Jami'ar Gallery a Jami'ar Massachusetts a Amherst (1989), da Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi, Tassaluniki (2002). Sauran sanannun nunin nunin sun haɗa da ''Artist a matsayin Abokin Hulɗa'' a Gidan Tarihi na Art Modern a [[New York]] (1971), <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Artist as Adversary {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1819 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> ''Tit don Tatlin'' a Alternative Museum a New York (1984), ''Yi tafiya, zauna, wuce'' ta a Socrates Sculpture Park a New York (1987), ''Babban Scale na Kramarsky Draw daga'' Alrge Scale Draw Art Contemporary (1989) a Ridgefield, ''Pratt Sculpture Park'' a Cibiyar Pratt a New York (1999), da ''ron bladen, cris gianakos, max bill, hans josephsohn, doke zoderer, Richard dogon, christoph haerle, tagard rossideharn atriched, beatrikern betrikern, beatricern betriker, beatrikern, bätrikern, bäträndr, bäträmän, bätränd'' . Gidauniyar Max Bill a Zumikon, Switzerland (1999). <ref>{{Cite web |title=haus bill – maxbill.ch {{!}} Haus Bill / Foundation: Exhibitions |url=https://www.maxbill.ch/pagina.php?2,5,30, |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.maxbill.ch}}</ref> Gianakos ya nuna tare da wasu sculptors postminimalist ciki har da Eva Hesse, Nancy Graves, Richard Nonas, Alan Saret, <ref name=":9" /> da Richard Serra . <ref name=":9" /> == takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo da aikin jama'a (aka zaɓa) == * ''White Powder Pieces'', performances with white flour, Spring and Greene Streets, New York (1969) and Central Park Reservoir, New York (1972).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perrault |first=John |date=June 5, 1969 |title=Para-Visual: Street Works III |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=KEtq3P1Vf8oC&dat=19690605&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |journal=The Village Voice |pages=17}}</ref> * ''Highbridge'', 1977, wood, painted wood and bolts, dimensions variable, 55 Mercer Street, New York * ''Ramp #4'', 1978, wood, bolts and mild steel, 156 in x 384 in x 24 in (3.96 m x 9.75 m x 0.6 m), P.S. 1 Special Projects Room 209 Old Wing, Long Island City<ref name=":7" /> * ''Ramp #7'', 1978, wood, steel bolts, {{Convert|192|×|288|×|24|in|m}}, Ward's Island, New York<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> * ''Rex'', 1979, wood, plywood and hex bolts, {{Convert|168|×|264|×|264|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn * ''Mars'', 1979, wood and hex bolts, {{Convert|408|×|492|×|54|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn<ref name=":1" /> * ''120'', 1979, wood, steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|192|×|1440|×|18|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn<ref name=":1" /> * ''Dark Passage'', 1980, wood, bolts, nails and paint, {{Convert|295|×|393|×|12|in|m}}, Moderna Museet, Stockholm<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Dark passage |url=https://sis.modernamuseet.se/objects/4253/dark-passage |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=sis.modernamuseet.se |language=en}}</ref> * ''Cul de Sac'', 1982, wood, plywood, bolts and screws, {{Convert|144|×|720|×|96|in|m}}, Artpark, Lewiston<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronny H. Cohen on Artpark |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/198210/artpark-65561 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Eclipse'', 1982, wood, plywood, bolts and screws, {{Convert|152|×|132|×|152|in|m}}, Chambers Street and West Broadway, New York, commissioned by the Public Art Fund<ref name=":10"/> * ''Gemini'', 1985, painted steel, {{Convert|126|×|126|×|255|in|m}}, Ångbåtsbron, Malmö, commissioned by Skånes Konstförening (permanent) * ''Styx'', 1987, wood, plate steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|84|×|936|×|162|in|m}}, Socrates Sculpture Park, New York<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/cristos-gianakos/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Socrates Sculpture Park |language=en}}</ref> * ''Equinox'', 1989, wood, glass, steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|124|×|120|×|570|in|m}}, University Gallery, University of Massachusetts at Amherst<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos Images |url=https://fac.umass.edu/UMCA/Online/default.asp?BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::permalink=CristosGianakosImages&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id= |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=fac.umass.edu}}</ref> * ''Wanås Ramp'', 1990, wood, plywood, bolts and nails, {{Convert|104|×|152|×|96|in|m}}, Wanås Konst, Knislinge<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://www.wanaskonst.se/sv-se/Konst/Samlingen/Konstn%C3%A4r/fid/17 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.wanaskonst.se }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Orion'', 1990, steel, {{Convert|198|×|144|×|198|in|m}}, Wanås Konst, Knislinge (permanent)<ref name=":4" /> * ''Cull de Sac II'', 1992, {{Convert|96|×|936|×|96|in|m}}, Hillwood Art Museum, Long Island University, Brookville * ''Maroussi Ramp'', 1995, steel, concrete and paint, {{Convert|110|×|24|×|1680|in|m}}, Emfietzoglou Gallery Museum, Athens (permanent)<ref name=":2" /> * ''Gridlock'', 1997, steel, {{Convert|60|×|252|×|504|in|m}}, Alaca Imaret, Thessaloniki, commissioned by the Cultural Capital of Europe, Thessaloniki, 1997 == Haɗin kai == Gianakos ya tsara Yarjejeniyar Canja wurin Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Mawaƙi da Canja wurin, wanda Seth Siegelaub ya ƙaddamar a cikin 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Newly Uncovered: Seth Siegelaub's Artist's Contract |url=https://archives.sva.edu/blog/post/department-of-the-newly-uncovered-seth-siegelaubs-artists-contract |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=archives.sva.edu}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1960s, Gianakos ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a Judson Dance Theater choreographed by Deborah Hay . Eva Hesse ta gayyace shi don daukar hoton ɗakinta a 1970, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy R. Lippard, Nancy Holt, and Robert Smithson; James Meyer, postscript |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/200802/lucy-r-lippard-nancy-holt-and-robert-smithson-james-meyer-postscript-19335 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 1980s, ya kasance baƙo mai zane a Robert Blackburn Printmaking Workshop . == Tari == Gianakos 'sculpture, zanen, zane, kwafi, daukar hoto da littattafai ana wakilta a cikin tarin duniya ciki har da Brooklyn Museum, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos, Brooklyn Museum of Art |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/148641 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102181149/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/148641 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cantor Arts Center, Jami'ar Stanford, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Cantor Arts Center - Parameter Series |url=https://cantorcollection.stanford.edu/objects-1/info/47262?sort=0 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=cantorcollection.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref> Gothenborg Museum of Art, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Göteborgs Konstmuseum, Cristos Gianakos |url=https://emp-web-34.zetcom.ch/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t2.artist_list.$TspTitleLink$0.link&sp=10&sp=Sartist&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=1&sp=SsimpleList&sp=25&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=35 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=emp-web-34.zetcom.ch }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Harvard Art Museums/ Fogg Museum, Cambridge, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Harvard Art Museums {{!}} Cristos Gianakos |url=https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/197468?position=0 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=harvardartmuseums.org |language=en}}</ref> Moderna Museet, Museum of Stockholm [Mu-Murry Arts, Museum of Stockholm, <ref name=":8"/> Mumpo Arts, Museum of Stockholm., Costakis Collection, Thessaloniki, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://www.greekstatemuseum.com/kmst/collections/donations.html |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=greekstatemuseum.com}}</ref> Museum of Modern Art, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/2143 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Skissernas Museum, Lund, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=Skissernas |title=Explore the Collection – Skissernas Museum |url=https://skissernasmuseum.se/en/collection/explore-the-collection/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=skissernasmuseum.se |language=en-US}}</ref> Umedalens Skulpturpark, Umeå, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos – Beamwalk – Umedalens Skulpturpark |url=https://umedalenskulptur.org/artworks-in-the-park/cristos-gianakos-beamwalk/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |language=sv-SE}}</ref> Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/http:://walkerart.org/collections/artists/cristos-gianakos |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=walkerart.org |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da Wanås Konst, Knislinge. <ref name=":4"/> == Kyauta == Gianakos ya kasance mai karɓar lambobin yabo da yawa ciki har da tallafi daga Gidauniyar Pollock-Krasner (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pollock-Krasner Foundation, Inc. announces 116 grants totaling $2,163,000 to visual artists internationally in fiscal year 2013-2014. |url=https://pkf.org/press_releases/pollock-krasner-foundation-inc-announces-116-grants-totaling-2163000-visual-artists-internationally-fiscal-year-2013-2014/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Pollock-Krasner Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102181152/https://pkf.org/press_releases/pollock-krasner-foundation-inc-announces-116-grants-totaling-2163000-visual-artists-internationally-fiscal-year-2013-2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (1980). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.crisgianakos.com}} * [https://www.publicartfund.org/exhibitions/view/eclipse/ Eclipse - Public Art Fund] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7pep8dce6rl1hihz6k19sgcxdpj687q 0 101993 841244 706496 2026-05-28T08:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tsoron ɗabi'a na ƙungiyoyin Afirka''', wanda wani lokaci ake magana da shi a matsayin '''labarin gangsan Afirka''', tsoro ne na ɗabi'a dangane da kasancewar ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na Sudan-Austriya a [[Melbourne]], [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. Mafi tsananin lokacin firgici ya faru ne a cikin watanni 32 tsakanin Maris 2016 da Nuwamba 2018, a cikin shirye-shiryen zaben jihar Victoria na 2018 . Abin da ya jawo firgici shi ne arangama tsakanin matasa da 'yan sanda a bikin Moomba a ranar 12 ga Maris 2016, bayan haka 'yan jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta Australia da kuma kafofin watsa labaru na Australia, musamman jaridar Herald Sun, sun yi magana akai-akai game da matsalar "'yan Afirka" a Melbourne. A lokacin firgicin, jaridu sun kara habaka duk wani aiki na laifi da aka aikata, ko zargin aikatawa, daga mutanen asalin Afirka, suna bugawa akai-akai tare da mai da hankali kan kabilanci na wadanda ake zargi. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarin tsokaci daga 'yan siyasa, matsa lamba ga 'yan sanda da su dauki tsauraran matakai a kan barazanar da ake tsammani, kuma ya haifar da tsoro a tsakanin farar Australiya wanda kafofin watsa labaru suka ruwaito, a cikin wani yanayi wanda ya haifar da firgita. Duk da irin wannan jawabin da aka yi a kafafen yada labarai, 'yan sanda da kungiyoyin al'umma sun musanta wanzuwar kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka a tsakanin al'ummar Sudan-Australiya, kuma alkaluma sun nuna cewa laifukan da matasan Sudan-Australian suka aikata ya zama kadan ne kawai na laifuka a Victoria . Don haka, masana nazarin kafofin watsa labaru suna kallon labarun ƙungiyoyin Afirka a matsayin misali na firgita ɗabi'a na wariyar launin fata . Kafofin yada labarai da siyasa sun mayar da hankali kan 'yan Sudan-Ostiraliya da aikata laifuka a Melbourne sun ragu sosai bayan zabukan 2018, amma har ila yau al'ummar Sudan ta Kudu na ci gaba da jin illar rashin gaskiya, aikin 'yan sanda da nuna wariyar launin fata ga al'ummar Sudan. 'Yan Melburn na asalin Sudan sun ba da rahoton rashin amincewa da 'yan sanda da kuma juyayi na taro a bainar jama'a saboda tsoron cin zarafi daga jami'an tsaro. == Tarihi == === Kafin 2016 === Ostiraliya tana da tarihin firgita na ɗabi'a game da aikata laifukan baƙi, musamman masu alaƙa da gaske ko waɗanda ake zaton "ƙungiyoyi" daga al'ummomin da ke da hannu a cikin raƙuman ƙaura na kwanan nan. <ref name="Tebeje-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Tebeje |first=Molla |date=2021 |title=Racial moral panic and African youth in Australia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147176721001061 |journal=International Journal of Intercultural Relations |volume=84 |issue=84 |pages=95–106 |doi=10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.07.005 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> Shaidanun jama'a a cikin wadannan firgita ya bambanta dangane da lokaci da wuri; <ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> <ref name="White-2012" /> a [[Sydney]] na zamani, baƙi [[musulmi]] da Larabawa sun karɓi iko daga al'ummomin Italiyanci da Girka waɗanda suka kasance dalilin damuwa a cikin 1970s da 1980s, yayin da a Melbourne da Perth jawabai game da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin Asiya sun ta'allaka ne akan ƙungiyoyin Asiya. <ref name="White-2012" /> Daga tsakiyar 1990s zuwa 2011, mutane 27,679 da aka haifa a Sudan sun yi hijira zuwa Ostiraliya, galibi a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, tare da mafi girman shekarun sulhu tsakanin 2002 da 2006. <ref name="Baak-2011">{{Cite journal |last=Baak |first=Melanie |date=2011 |title=Murder, community talk and belonging: an exploration of Sudanese community responses to murder in Australia |journal=African Identities |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=417–434 |doi=10.1080/14725843.2011.614415}}</ref> Wannan yunƙurin ƙaura na Afirka ya haifar da haifar da ɓangarorin ƙungiyoyi masu kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don kwatanta sabbin ƙauran da suka shigo a baya. <ref name="Tebeje-2021"/> A shekara ta 2004, jaridun Australiya sun riga sun fara amfani da kalmar "ƙungiyoyin Afirka" don rarraba fada tsakanin matasa 'yan asalin Afirka. <ref name="run-2012">{{Cite journal |last=Run |first=Peter |date=2012 |title=RESEARCH ARTICLE ‘Out of place’? An auto-ethnography of refuge and postcolonial exile |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14725843.2012.692544 |journal=African Identities |volume=10 |issue=4 |page=381-390 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> ==== Kisan Liep Gony da abubuwan da suka faru na 2007 ==== A cikin 2007, Liep Gony, ɗan gudun hijira mai shekaru 19 da ya yi ƙaura daga [[Sudan]] a 1999, an yi masa mugun duka a unguwar Noble Park na Melbourne, ya mutu sakamakon raunin da ya samu bayan sa'o'i 24. <ref name="Windle-2008">{{Cite journal |last=Windle |first=Joel |date=2008 |title=The racialisation of African youth in Australia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504630802343382 |url-status=live |journal=Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Cultur |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=553–566 |doi=10.1080/13504630802343382 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614122747/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504630802343382 |archive-date=14 June 2024 |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> Duk da cewa daga baya ya bayyana cewa wasu fararen fata ne suka kashe Gony, martanin nan da nan kan kisan Gony daga 'yan siyasa da 'yan jaridu shi ne sanya shi a matsayin misali na tashin hankalin "gungun 'yan Afirka". <ref name="Baak-2011"/> <ref name="Benier-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Benier |first=Kathryn |last2=Wickes |first2=Rebecca |last3=Moran |first3=Clare |date=2020 |title='African gangs' in Australia: Perceptions of race and crime in urban neighbourhoods |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0004865820965647#:~:text=This%20event%20led%20to%20a,and%20institutionalised%20forms%20of%20discrimination. |url-status=live |journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1177/0004865820965647 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614122747/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0004865820965647#:~:text=This%20event%20led%20to%20a,and%20institutionalised%20forms%20of%20discrimination. |archive-date=14 June 2024 |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> <ref name="Tebeje-2021"/> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kisan, Kevin Andrews, ministan shige da fice, ya bayyana, "wasu ƙungiyoyin baƙi ba sa daidaitawa da daidaitawa cikin rayuwar Australiya da sauri kamar yadda muke fata." <ref name="Windle-2008"/> Rahotanni na farko na manema labarai sun dauki matsayi cewa kisan kai misali ne na "rikicin ƙungiyoyin kabilanci", suna kafa labarunsu a kan maganganun da ba a san su ba daga jami'an 'yan sanda da ba a san su ba da mazauna yankin, tare da Andrews ya bayyana cewa jami'an sun gaya masa cewa Melbourne yana da "matsalar gungun 'yan Sudan." <ref name="Windle-2008" /> Duk da haka, a lokacin kisan, jami'in hulda da al'adu da yawa na 'yan sanda Melbourne ya gaya wa ''The Australian'' cewa 'yan sanda sau da yawa suna kuskuren ƙungiyoyin matasan baƙar fata marasa laifi ga ƙungiyoyi. <ref name="Windle-2008" /> Lokacin da ta tabbata cewa wasu fararen fata guda biyu ne suka kashe Gony, Andrews ya ki ya nemi afuwa game da kalaman da ya yi kan 'yan Sudan-Australiya, <ref name="Benier">{{Cite web |last=Benier |first=Kathryn |last2=Blaustein |first2=Jarrett |last3=Johns |first3=Diana |last4=Maher |first4=Sarah |title='Don't drag me into this' Growing up South Sudanese in Victoria after the 2016 Moomba 'riot' |url=https://cmy.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Dont-Drag-Me-Into-This-Research-Report-Oct-2018-FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615173322/https://cmy.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Dont-Drag-Me-Into-This-Research-Report-Oct-2018-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=Centre for Multicultural Youth |publisher=Monash University}}</ref> yana mai cewa "Ba na ba da shawarar neman afuwa ba don fadin abin da mutane ke damun su." <ref name="Windle-2008"/> Minista Andrews ya kuma jajirce wajen yin tsokaci kan maharan farar fata da suka lakada wa wani dan Sudan duka a wani harin wariyar launin fata a fili kwana daya bayan jana'izar Gony, wanda masanin ilimin zamantakewa Joel Windle ya bambanta da yin Allah wadai da harin da matasan Sudan suka kai kan wani dan sanda a matsayin "marasa Australiya". <ref name="Windle-2008" /> An yi arangama tsakanin matasan Sudan da 'yan sanda a lokuta da dama a tsakanin Satumba da Disamba, tare da bayanan 'yan sanda na tashin hankalin a daya zargin "hargitsi" da ya saba wa shaidu. <ref name="Windle-2008" /> Bayan abubuwan da suka faru, jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi ta gabatar da kisan kai da cin zarafi a Melbourne a matsayin misalan " gazawar hadin gwiwa ", tare da ba da misali da su a matsayin hujjar rage yawan adadin bizar da ake ba wa 'yan Afirka daga kashi 70% zuwa 30%. <ref name="Windle-2008" /> <ref name="Baak-2011"/> A cikin bincikensa na bayar da rahoto game da abubuwan da suka faru a kusa da kisan Gony, Windle ya ba da haske kan tsarin wariyar launin fata wanda Ostiraliya da Herald Sun a duk duniya suka yi wa mutanen da ba farar fata suna da alamomin kabilanci yayin da suke tattaunawa da su, suna bambanta wannan da yanayin da ake ɗauka na rashin ƙabilanci na fari lokacin da ake tattaunawa game da "masu gari". <ref name="Windle-2008"/> Ya kuma lura da yawan amfani da harshe mara kyau tare da haɗin gwiwar waɗannan alamomin kabilanci, musamman a kusa da ƙungiyoyin matasa. <ref name="Windle-2008" /> {| class="wikitable" |+Harshen da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin labaran jarida don kwatanta kabilu a Melbourne tsakanin 26 Satumba 2007 da 6 Disamba 2007 <ref name="Windle-2008"/> ! Rukuni ! Halayen launin fata ! Halayen gama kai ! Halayen shekaru ! Halayen ƙaura ! Locality ! Halin halin kirki |- | '''<nowiki/>'Yan gudun hijirar Afirka masu wariyar launin fata''' | ''Afirka, Arewacin Afirka, Na zuriyar Afirka, Baƙar fata, ɗan Sudan, haifaffen Sudan'' | ''jama'a, fakiti, ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi, ƙungiya, al'umma'' | ''matasa (s), yara, yara, kasa da shekaru, matasa, matasa, matasa'' | ''<nowiki/>'yan gudun hijira, baƙi, baƙi'' | ''mazauna'' | ''masu laifi, marasa bin doka, ’yan daba, masu laifi'' |- | '''Maɓuɓɓugan "na gida" da aka lalatar da wariyar launin fata''' | ''Fari, Caucasian, Ba Ba-Afirika ba'' | ''al'umma, jama'a'' | ''[shekaru] mai shekaru'' | ''Australiya na dogon lokaci, haifaffen gida'' | ''mazauna gida, mazauna gida, mazauna gida na dogon lokaci, maƙwabtan gida, kasuwancin gida'' | |} ==== Kisan Alex Ngong Akok ==== Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a [[Adelaide]], an kashe Alex Ngong Akok, wani matashi dan asalin Afirka, tare da sake gabatar da harin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai wanda ya aikata laifin laifi. <ref name="Tebeje-2021"/> Duk da harin da matasan farar fata suka kai, 'yan jaridun kasar sun wallafa cikakkun bayanai game da tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi masa a kotu, inda suka yi hasashen cewa akwai alaka ta gungun 'yan ta'adda tare da nuna cewa kisan nasa ya zama "ramuwar gayya". <ref name="White-2012" /> === Tsayin firgici (2016-2018) === Abin da ya haifar da firgicin ɗabi'a a kusa da "gangs" a Melbourne shine "hargitsi" a bikin Moomba a 2016. <ref name="Tebeje-2021"/> <ref name="Benier"/> <ref name="Benier-2020"/> A cikin shekaru biyu kafin bikin, an buga jimillar labarai guda huɗu a cikin manyan jaridu biyu na Melbourne, ''The Age'' and the ''Herald Sun'' waɗanda suka ambaci kalmomin ''Sudan'' da ''ƙungiyoyi'', yayin da a cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo baya akwai 130. <ref name="Benier" /> Hakazalika, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata kafin bikin, an ambaci sunan "Apex Gang", wanda zai zama fitacciyar sigar maganganun wariyar launin fata a kan laifuka, kuma babu ɗayansu ya haɗa shi da wata ƙabila ta musamman. <ref name="Benier" /> Tsoron ya firgita bayan nasarar Labour a Zaben Jihar Victoria na 2018, <ref name="Lee-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Murray |last2=Halsey |first2=Mark |last3=Flynn |first3=Asher |date=2021 |title="Streets of menace": Constructing and deconstructing youth "gangs" in two Australian cities |url=https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/1249 |url-status=live |journal=Oñati Socio-Legal Series |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1114–1132 |doi=10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1212 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615182454/https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/1249 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024}}</ref> bayan haka, kafofin watsa labaru da 'yan siyasa na haɗin gwiwar sun dakatar da matsananciyar turawa ga gungun kungiyoyin Afirka. <ref name="Kounmouris-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Kounmouris |first=Gregory |last2=Blaustein |first2=Jarrett |date=2021 |title=Reporting 'African gangs': Theorising journalistic practice during a multi-mediated moral panic |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/1741659021991205 |journal=Crime, Media, Culture |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=105–125 |doi=10.1177/1741659021991205 |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 June 2024}}</ref> Tsawon lokacin da kafofin yada labarai da kuma kula da siyasa a al'ummar Sudan ta Melbourne ya kasance kusan watanni 32. <ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> ==== Rikicin Moomba Festival da kuma Gang na Apex ==== A daren 12 ga Maris, 2016, rikici ya barke a bikin Moomba na shekara-shekara na Melbourne, bikin da ya shafi iyali da aka gudanar a tsakiyar Melbourne. <ref name="Lee-2021"/> <ref name="Martin-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Fran |date=2020 |title=Iphones and "African gangs": everyday racism and ethno-transnational media in Melbourne's Chinese student world |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870.2018.1560110 |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=892–910 |doi=10.1080/01419870.2018.1560110 |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 June 2024 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Rahotannin da aka samu a yammacin ranar sun nuna cewa an yi artabu tsakanin matasa da suka fito daga kasashen Afirka da Ostiraliya da kuma Pacific-Islanders. <ref name="Lee-2021" /> <ref name="Kounmouris-2021"/> <ref name="Benier-2020"/> Abubuwa da dama na barna da rashin lafiya sun faru a wurin bikin, <ref name="Benier-2020" /> tare da rahotannin labarai da ke nuna cewa fadan ya barke tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na matasa. <ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Haka kuma an samu rahotanni, bisa asusun masu halartar biki, na samari 'yan asalin Sudan-Australiya, suna fafatawa da sauran masu halartar biki. <ref name="Lee-2021" /> Rikicin ya kai ga ’yan sandan da suka yi amfani da maganin feshi da ake kira capsicum don tarwatsa gungun matasa maza da maza a dandalin tarayya . <ref name="Lee-2021" /> <ref name="Benier"/> <ref name="Benier-2020" /> Bayan abubuwan da suka faru, babban kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Victoria ya bayyana cewa, kasancewar 'yan sanda masu yawa na iya haifar da tashin hankali a cikin tashin hankali, <ref name="Lee-2021" /> hira da 'yan Sudan-Australian da suka halarci bikin kuma sun nuna cewa hakan zai kasance. <ref name="Benier" /> Bidiyoyin abubuwan da suka faru sun fito da sauri kuma an buga su a gidajen yanar gizo na kafofin watsa labarai na Ostiraliya, galibi a cikin labaran da ke yin nuni ga "ƙungiyoyin kabilanci". Yawanci sun nuna mutane masu duhun fata waɗanda suka zarce 'yan sanda kuma da alama suna yin wani abu mai ban tsoro. <ref name="Weng-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Weng |first=Enqi |last2=Mansouri |first2=Fethi |date=2021 |title='Swamped by Muslims' and facing an 'African gang' problem: racialized and religious media representations in Australia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10304312.2021.1888881 |journal=Continuum |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=468–486 |doi=10.1080/10304312.2021.1888881 |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 June 2024}}</ref> A kwanakin da suka biyo bayan arangamar da aka yi a Moomba, wata kafar yada labarai ta bayyana wanda ta dora laifin faruwar lamarin a kan wata kungiyar da ta bayyana a matsayin Apex Gang, wadda ake zargin ta kunshi 'yan Sudan-Australiya. <ref name="Benier-2020"/> Editories da labarai na labarai game da Apex sun fara bayyana a cikin ''Herald Sun'', kuma tashoshi na gida da sauran jaridu sun karɓi labarin. <ref name="Benier"/> Takardar Melbourne ''The Age'' da farko ta yi la'akari da ɗaukar hoto na ''Herald Sun'', duk da haka, a cikin 'yan makonni kaɗan ya daina haɗawa da bayanan kabilanci a cikin ɗaukar hoto kuma a cikin lokaci ya fara tambayar sassan labarin. <ref name="Benier" /> Labarin ya kuma nuna cewa yawan laifuka yana shafar Melbourne saboda ayyukan wannan ƙungiyar. <ref name="Benier-2020" /> Ana fassara waɗannan labarai masu jan hankali zuwa cikin [[Sinanci]] kuma suna yaɗuwa tsakanin al'ummar Sinawa na Melbourne ta hanyar tashar WeChat, suna haifar da firgici da fargaba ga jama'ar asalin Afirka. <ref name="Martin-2020"/> Jaridar Herald Sun ta bayar da rahoton cewa, wasu gungun matasa masu dauke da makamai ne suka haddasa rikicin, sannan shugabannin 'yan sandan yankin sun yi watsi da zargin kasancewar kungiyar Apex Gang ta Sudan. <ref name="Kounmouris-2021"/> Wani bincike na al'ummar Sudan ta gida kuma ya nuna cewa ƙungiyar ba ta wanzu, <ref name="Benier"/> da alama ba ta wuce abin da ya faru na kafofin watsa labarun ba wanda ke nuna halin rashin zaman lafiya ko salon rayuwa. 'Yan Sudan mazauna Melbourne da aka yi hira da su tsakanin 2017-2019 tashin hankalin jihar Moomba 2016 an yi karin gishiri sosai, kuma nan da nan hankalin 'yan jaridu ya mayar da hankali kan mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka, duk da halartar jama'ar kabilu daban-daban, saboda wariyar launin fata a kafofin watsa labarai na Australia da yawan jama'a. <ref name="Benier" /> Lee et al ya bayyana Apex a matsayin "ƙungiyar masu aikata laifuka ta kafofin watsa labaru" kuma sun nuna cewa tun da farko sunan ya shafi "gungun matasa marasa tsari" daga kabilu daban-daban amma sun zo ne don yin aiki ga 'yan Australia na Sudan. <ref name="Lee-2021"/> ====Hawan tashin hankali a kafafen yada labarai (2016–2017)==== A watannin da suka biyo bayan rikicin da ya faru a bikin Moomba na shekarar 2016, kafafen yada labarai sun danganta kungiyar Apex da satar motoci, farmaki da kuma fasa gidaje.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Duk da cewa 'yan sanda, masana da kuma wadanda ake zargi da kasancewa cikin kungiyar sun musanta wanzuwar kungiyoyi a birnin Melbourne, kungiyar Apex ta zama kamar wata alama ta shaidan da ke wakiltar abin da Lee da wasu suka bayyana a matsayin “barazanar laifi mai fadi wanda ke amfani da kalaman wariyar launin fata da suka shafi batun kariyar iyaka, tsoron shigowar bakin haure, da kuma tsoron ta’addanci.”<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Apex ta zama kalmar da ke nuna laifi da aka alakanta da al’ummar Sudan.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Kafafen yada labarai na talabijin sun karbi labarin "kungiyoyin 'yan Afrika", inda suka yi amfani da shaidun wadanda laifi ya shafa idan sun samu, da kuma hotunan CCTV.<ref name="Gaffey-2019">{{cite journal |last1=Gaffey |first1=John |title=Melbourne's 'African gangs' and media narratives |journal=Salus |date=2019 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=68–84 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/informit.674612429219717 |access-date=19 June 2024 |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163115/https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/informit.674612429219717 |url-status=live }}</ref> Laifukan da ba su da wata alaƙa da kungiyoyi sun fi yawa ana gabatar da su a matsayin aikata laifi daga kungiyar Apex, a matsayin hujja cewa matsalar laifi ta zarta kima.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Gidan talabijin Nine Network ta watsa rahoto a watan Yuli a cikin shirin *A Current Affair* cewa mazauna Melbourne sun tilasta daukar sandan kwallo domin kare kansu daga hare-haren cikin gida.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Shirin ya bayyana cewa tsarin shari'a a birnin ya gaza.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> A lokacin bikin Moomba na shekarar 2017, an kama mutane 53 kuma kafafen labarai sun mayar da hankali kan kungiyar Apex.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Duk da haka, cikin mutanen da aka kama, 14 an kama su ne saboda bugu da rikici, kuma ‘yan sandan birnin Melbourne sun bayyana cewa wadanda aka kama sun fito ne daga sassa daban-daban na birnin, kuma laifukan ba su da nasaba da kungiya ko kabila.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Jim kadan bayan bikin, kwamishinan 'yan sanda ya bayyana cewa kungiyar Apex ba ta wanzu a lokacin, kuma lokacin da ta wanzu, ba ta kasance kungiyar kabilanci ba ce.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> A watan Mayun 2017, shirin *A Current Affair* ya watsa wani shiri mai taken "Apex Vigilante" wanda ya sake nuna cewa wasu wadanda suka fuskanci laifi sun tilasta daukar doka a hannunsu saboda rugujewar tsarin doka da oda a Melbourne.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> A lokacin bazarar shekarar 2017, dan majalisar tarayya Jason Wood, wanda shine shugaban kwamitin hadin gwiwa kan shige da fice, ya wallafa wani rubutu a jaridar Herald Sun dangane da alkaluman laifi da suka shafi al’ummar Sudan, inda ya bayyana cewa, “Tare da yawan shigar 'yan Sudan na Kudanci a cikin laifukan tashin hankali a jihar Victoria, dole ne a fara kare rayukan dukkan wadanda ke rayuwa a Melbourne da Australia.”<ref name="Benier" /> ====Rigimar Siyasa da Zaɓen Jiha na Victoria (Ƙarshen 2017–2018)==== Rigimar siyasa game da zargin kungiyoyin 'yan daba daga Afirka ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin shirye-shiryen zaɓen jihar Victoria na 2018.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> 'Yan siyasa da kafafen yaɗa labarai sun yi amfani da kalmomin "Afirka" da "Sudan" sosai wajen danganta aikata laifi da tashin hankali a wannan lokaci.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Bincike da aka gudanar tare da 'yan jaridu masu rubuta labaran laifi ya nuna cewa kafafen yaɗa labarai na matsawa sosai don tabbatar da cewa labarai sun haɗa da wani sashe na "laifukan Afirka".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> A watan Disamba 2017, kwamitin hadin gwiwa na majalisar tarayya mai jagorancin jam’iyyar Liberal ya fitar da rahoto wanda ya ambaci ƙaruwa a ayyukan 'yan daba kuma da ƙarya ya danganta cewa mutanen Sudan sun aikata kashi 1.4% na laifukan jihar Victoria.<ref name="Benier" /> Rahoton ya yi amfani da kalmar "gangs" ko'ina, duk da cewa 'yan sanda na jihar Victoria sun bayyana cewa ba a samu irin waɗannan kungiyoyin ba.<ref name="Benier" /> Bayan fitar da rahoton, Jason Wood ya bayyana a jaridar *The Australian* yana cewa, "Yawancin baƙi ba su fahimci doka ba. Na ji daga bakin wasu daga cikin mutanen Sudan cewa ... shiga gidan wani da satar mota ba wani babban laifi ba ne." Wannan furucin ya biyo bayan jerin labaran ban tsoro a jaridar *Herald Sun* da suka ce matasan Sudan ne ke da alhaki.<ref name="Benier" /> Rahotannin sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan asalin mutanen da ake zargi, suna amfani da kalmomi irin su "kamanni na Afirka", "gang", da "feral thugs".<ref name="Benier" /> A wannan watan, wasu abubuwa da suka faru aka bayyana a kafafen yaɗa labarai a matsayin "ƙaruwar laifukan Afirka", musamman daga jaridun da ke ƙarƙashin Newscorp.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Wadannan sun haɗa da fafatawa a titi, wani taro a Airbnb da ya haifar da lalata dukiya, da kuma zargin cin zarafin ɗan sanda yayin kama wani mutum; duk an ce matasa masu kama da 'yan Afirka ne suka aikata.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Labarin da *Herald Sun* da *Daily Mail* suka buga ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a cikin harshen kabilanci, wanda ya tayar da hankali daga 'yan siyasa.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Firayim Minista na lokacin, Malcolm Turnbull, ɗan jam’iyyar Conservative na Victoria Greg Hunt da Ministan Shige da Fice Peter Dutton dukkansu sun bayyana matsayinsu game da matsalar "gang" a jihar Victoria, inda Dutton ya ce: <blockquote>Mutane na tsoron fita zuwa gidan cin abinci da dare domin ana binsu har gida daga baya, ana kai musu hari a gida, ana sace motoci... [Yan siyasa] su bayyana gaskiya, "tabbas wannan tashin hankali ne na kungiyoyin 'yan daba na Afirka".<ref name="Lee-2021" /><ref name="Gaffey-2019" /></blockquote> Baya ga haka, Dutton ya zargi al’umma gaba ɗaya da cewa "idan mutane ba su shirya shiga al’umma ba ta hanyar tura 'ya’yansu makaranta da hana su yawo da dare suna aikata laifi, to ba su dace da zama cikin al’ummar Australia ba".<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Wadannan kalaman sun gamu da suka a kafafen sada zumunta daga al’ummar Sudan da ke Australia, kuma an musanta su daga 'yan siyasar jam’iyyar Labor, Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Victoria Graham Ashton da sauran jama'ar jihar.<ref name="Benier" /> Turnbull ya goyi bayan Dutton, yana cewa Firayim Ministan jihar Victoria, Daniel Andrews, ba shi da ƙarfi wajen shawo kan matsalar kungiyoyin 'yan daba a titunan Melbourne.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Wannan ra’ayin ya samu goyon bayan Greg Hunt, Ministan Lafiya na Tarayya, wanda ya ce: "Mun san cewa laifukan kungiyoyin 'yan Afirka a wasu yankuna sun fita daga hannun hukuma. [...] Kuskuren ba daga 'yan sanda ba ne, sai dai daga Firayim Minista na jihar."<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Tsohon Firayim Minista Tony Abbott ya kalubalanci musantawar gwamnatin jihar Victoria kan kasancewar kungiyoyin 'yan daba daga Afirka a wata hira da ya yi da gidan rediyo a 2018.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> A watan Janairu 2018, Channel 7 ta nuna wata hira da shugaban ƙungiyar neo-fascist mai suna United Patriots Front, Blair Cottrell.<ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Rahoton ya nuna wani taro tsakanin ƙungiyar far-right True Blue Crew da United Patriots Front, inda suka bayyana damuwarsu game da "tashin hankali daga matasan Afirka" kuma suka ce sun haɗu don taimaka wa 'yan Australia su fuskanci abin da suka kira rikicin laifukan baƙi.<ref name="Majavu-2018" /> A lokuta daban-daban cikin shekarar 2018, shirin *A Current Affair* ya fitar da rahotanni suna zargin cewa 'yan sanda na Melbourne ba sa samun damar tinkarar "laifukan kungiyoyin Afirka", inda suka fitar da wani rahoto mai taken "Cops gone soft?".<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Wannan shirin ya ƙunshi hirarraki da tsofaffin manyan 'yan sanda da suka ce matakan ƙasa ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata domin suna tsoron fushin shugabanninsu.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Wannan tattaunawar siyasa wadda ta haɗa batun launin fata da shige da fice ta haifar da ƙaruwa a wallafa sakonnin ƙiyayya ga baƙi a kafafen sada zumunta da shafukan intanet.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Haka kuma ya sa ƙungiyoyin far-right irin su *Reclaim Australia* suka dawo fili, inda suka canza matsayinsu daga Musulmai zuwa ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba na Afirka.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Kafafen yaɗa labarai da 'yan siyasa sun dinga ɗora laifi a kan iyaye da al’ummarsu gaba ɗaya, suna cewa rashin haɗuwa da al’umma shi ne tushe na matsalar.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Kamfen ɗin jam’iyyar Liberal don zaɓen jihar Victoria da aka gudanar a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2018 ya mai da hankali sosai kan batun doka da oda,<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /><ref name="Weng-2021" /> a cewar Weng da Mansouri, wani kamfen ne na tayar da tsoro.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Sai dai hakan bai yi tasiri sosai ba, domin gwamnatin jam’iyyar Labor da ke kan mulki ta samu nasara a zaɓen.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Bayan zaɓen, yaɗuwar labarai kan "kungiyoyin 'yan daba na Afirka" da zargin laifukan baƙi sun ragu sosai.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> ==Laifi a Melbourne yayin firgici== Duk da cewa rahotannin kafafen yada labarai daga 2016 zuwa 2018 sun fi mayar da hankali kan laifukan da mutanen asalin Afirka suka aikata, a hakikanin gaskiya, alkaluman da Hukumar Kididdigar Laifuka ta fitar a shekarar 2018 sun nuna cewa su ne ke da alhakin kashi 1% kacal na laifukan da aka aikata a jihar Victoria.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /><ref name="Wahlquist-2018" /> Wannan ya fi kaso da suke dashi cikin yawan jama'a, wanda ke kashi 0.14%, amma ba sabon abu bane tunda mafi yawan laifuka na fitowa daga matasa masu shekaru tsakanin 16 zuwa 24, kuma yawancin 'yan asalin Sudan a Ostareliya sun fi yawa a wannan rukuni na shekaru.<ref name="Wahlquist-2018" /> Kafafen watsa labarai sun fi mayar da hankali kan laifin kutse cikin gida da tayar da hankali. A wannan laifi ne aka samu Sudanawa na Ostareliya suna da yawa, amma duk da haka adadin da suka aikata ya tsaya ne a kashi 4.8%, inda mafi yawan laifukan suka kasance na Fararen Fata na Ostareliya.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Molla ya bayyana cewa duk da “yawan barkwancin rahotanni” da kafafen yada labarai ke yi, adadin laifuka a Victoria ya fi kasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran jihohi.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Bugu da kari, idan aka duba laifukan da matasa ke aikatawa, adadin matasan da suka aikata laifi a jihar Victoria (yawan jama'a 6,526,400)<ref name="ABS">{{cite web |title=Australian Demographic Statistics, Dec 2018 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3101.0Main+Features1Dec%202018 |website=Australian Government |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330074145/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3101.0Main+Features1Dec%202018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ya kai 8,182, a New South Wales (yawan jama'a 8,046,100)<ref name="ABS" /> ya kai 17,972, yayin da a Queensland (yawan jama'a 5,052,800)<ref name="ABS" /> ya kai 11,699.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Lee da abokan aikinsa sun rubuta cewa tsakanin shekarar 2009 zuwa 2019, laifukan da matasa ke aikatawa a Victoria sun ragu da kashi 34.9%.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Wannan yana nuna cewa an mayar da hankali kan firgicin laifukan matasa a lokacin da adadin irin wannan laifuka ke raguwa sosai.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> ==Binciken Tsaron Ɗabi'a== Kalmar ''Tsaron ɗabi'a'' ta shahara ne ta hannun masanin Ilimin Zamantakewa Stanley Cohen a shekarun 1970s.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Tana bayyana yadda kafofin watsa labarai ke amfani da manyan kanun labarai masu ban sha'awa da harshe mai cike da ban mamaki don ɗagawa abubuwa da mutane, suna haifar da tsoron abubuwan da ake tsammanin barazana ce ga tsaron al'umma da kuma ware wasu ƙungiyoyi da aka gano a matsayin tushen wannan barazanar.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Cohen ya yi amfani da kalmar musamman ga hulɗar rahotannin laifuka da martanin zamantakewa a Burtaniya.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Ya bayyana cewa tsaron ɗabi'a zai fito fili idan "wani yanayi, wani lamari, mutum ko rukuni na mutane suka fito fili suka zama barazana ga ƙima da muradun al'umma; ana gabatar da yanayinsu a cikin salo mai ban sha'awa da tsattsauran ra'ayi ta kafofin watsa labarai," kuma wannan mayar da hankali na kafofin watsa labarai yana samun goyon baya daga 'yan siyasa da masana.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da aka yi niyya ana kiran su da Cohen a matsayin ''folk devils''. Ya lura cewa amfani da ra'ayin tsaron ɗabi'a baya buƙatar matsalar ta kasance babu ita, sai dai an ɗaga ta, yawanci ta hanyar da akida ta bangaren da ke mulki na al'umma ta sharuɗɗa.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> ===Fassarar Ilimi game da Tsaron Ƙungiyoyin Afirka=== Rikicin siyasa da na kafofin watsa labarai game da abin da ake kira ƙungiyoyin Afirka na 2016–2018 masana suna bayyana shi a matsayin misali na tsaron ɗabi'a.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Tebeje-2021" /><ref name="Martin-2020" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Tebeje Molla ya lura cewa yayin da tsaron ɗabi'a da ke da alaƙa da launin fata game da laifuka da shige da fice ba sabon abu ba ne a duniya, tsananin tsoron "Ƙungiyoyin Afirka" a Melbourne ya kasance na musamman.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Duk da haka, Molla ya kuma lura cewa, sabanin yadda ake yi a tsaron ɗabi'a na gargajiya, inda "masana" ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ɗaga darajar tsoron, 'yan sanda, hukumomin kididdiga da hukumomin yankin na Victoria sun yi tsayayya da labarin kuma sun musanta wanzuwar matsalar ƙungiyoyi.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> John Gaffey shi ma yana ganinsa a matsayin tsoro na musamman, domin masana sun yi tsayayya da labarin.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Gatwiri da Anderson suna ganin tsoron ƙungiyoyin Afirka a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin abubuwan da ke ci gaba na tsaron ɗabi'a da ke da alaƙa da launin fata waɗanda ke da alaƙa da canjin zamantakewa a Ostiraliya.<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> Suna bayyana cewa tsoro yana bunƙasa saboda yana "boye cikakken binciken mahimmanci na ingancin waɗannan tsoro kuma a maimakon haka yana ba da damar fitar da damuwa da tsoro ga wasu 'yan tsiraru waɗanda za a iya sauƙaƙe a sanya su a matsayin tumaki ta waɗannan abubuwan."<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> Har ila yau, suna jayayya cewa yayin da tsaron ɗabi'a ke raguwa, mummunan wakilcin Afirka da sanyawa a matsayin laifuka suna da mummunar tasiri ga al'ummomin Afirka a Ostiraliya.<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> Lee da abokan aikinsa sun bayyana cewa yayin da labaran hukunci a kafofin watsa labarai da siyasa da ke haɗa matasan Sudan da laifuka sun ƙunshi abubuwa na tsaron ɗabi'a, akwai fiye da abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin kawai.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Suna jayayya cewa halayyar laifuka na iya fitowa daga membobin al'ummomin da aka ware da ke jin daɗin ayyukan cin zarafi.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Har ila yau, sun nuna cewa shaidu daga tambayoyin suna nuna cewa kafofin watsa labarai da sanyawa a matsayin tumaki sun sa matasan Sudan su shiga cikin ayyukan adawa da zamantakewa, kuma yaduwar labarin da ake zargin "Apex gang" na iya haifar da matasa su ƙirƙira wata ƙungiya ta gaske mai wannan suna.<ref name="Lee-2021" /> Kounmouris da Blaustein suna ganin abubuwan da suka faru na 2016–2018 a matsayin "tsaron ɗabi'a da aka watsa labarai ta hanyoyi daban-daban".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Suna nuna muhimmancin da kamanceceniyar binciken Stuart Hall et al na 1978 na tsaron ɗabi'a da ke da alaƙa da launin fata game da fashi a Burtaniya zuwa tsoron Melbourne.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> A ra'ayinsu, tsoron ƙungiyoyin Afirka wani bincike ne da ke sabunta nazarin Hall zuwa sabon yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na labarai na sa'o'i 24, hanyoyin labarai na intanet da kafofin watsa labarun zamantakewa.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> ===Sanadin Tsoron=== ====Wariyar Launin Fata==== File:1910 White Australia badge.png|thumb|Hukumar Yan Asalin Ostiraliya, wadda ta ƙunshi fararen fata 'yan asalin Ostiraliya, ta samar da wannan alama a shekarar 1911.<ref>cite web |url= http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/social/display/31785-australian-natives-association-centenary|title= {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608105532/https://www.monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/social/display/31785-australian-natives-association-centenary%257Ctitle= |date=2025-06-08 }} Australian Natives Association Centenary – Monument Australia|first= UBC Web|last= Design|website= monumentaustralia.org.au|access-date= 22 October 2017|archive-date= 6 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160206071314/http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/social/display/31785-australian-natives-association-centenary%7Curl-status%3D live</ref> Kasancewar mutanen asalin Afirka ya zama dalili na ɗaukar manufofin Fari Ostiraliya. Baƙaƙen fata a Ostiraliya ta zamani suna fuskantar matsanancin wariyar launin fata,<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Baak-2011" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /> tare da rahoton Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Ostiraliya ta 2018 da ke bayyana cewa "ƙungiyoyin biyar da suka fuskanci matsanancin wariyar launin fata sune waɗanda aka haifa a Sudan ta Kudu, Zimbabwe, [[Kenya]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Yan Asalin."<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Ostiraliya tana da dogon tarihi na wariyar launin fata a hukumance da kuma ba a hukumance ba ga baƙaƙen Afirka, wanda aka nuna a cikin manufar Fari Ostiraliya, wanda ya fara aiki daga 1901 har zuwa shekarun saba'in, wanda ya hana shigar baƙaƙen Afirka, da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ba farare ba.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> Kafin aiwatar da manufar, ƙananan adadin baƙaƙen Afirka da Baƙaƙen Amurkawa sun kasance mazauna a Ostiraliya, kuma an ambaci kasancewarsu a fili a cikin tattaunawa kan hana shige da fice na waɗanda ba farare ba.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Bayan ƙarewar wannan manufar, duk da cewa Ostiraliya ta zama mai bambancin kabilanci, mummunan ra'ayi game da baƙaƙen Afirka ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin al'adun Ostiraliya.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /><ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> 'Yan Afirka-Ostiraliya na zamani suna da bambancin al'adu da zamantakewa, amma al'ummar Ostiraliya yawanci suna ganin su a matsayin rukuni ɗaya, wanda aka saɓa da ginin farar fata.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> A Ostiraliya, "Afirka" tana da alaƙa da rashin wayewa, cututtuka, datti, yaki da talauci, kuma masana kamar Wearing, Jakubowicz, Wickes da sauran su sun lura cewa wannan tunani yana da tushe a cikin yanayin zamantakewa na tsattsauran ra'ayi da wariyar launin fata game da baƙaƙen fata.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Littattafan ilimi na yanzu sun nuna yawan abubuwan da ake samu na nuna bambanci, aikata laifuka da launin fata da ke shafar hulɗar 'yan Afirka-Ostiraliya da yawancin al'umma.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Musamman ma, wata ƙaƙƙarfar alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin Afirka da laifuka tana wanzu a cikin al'adun Ostiraliya, wanda aka nuna a cikin yadda kafofin watsa labarai suka gabatar da abubuwan da suka faru a Melbourne.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Wannan ya kasance tare da maganganun ƙyamar Musulunci da suka fito a cikin yaƙin ta'addanci, inda Musulmai aka sanya su a matsayin wasu waɗanda ke da haɗari ga al'ummar Ostiraliya kuma ana ganin abubuwan da suka shafi laifuka a matsayin alamun yiwuwar tsattsauran ra'ayin Musulunci.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Aikin Kalubalantar Wariyar Launin Fata na 2016 ya gano cewa mummunan ra'ayi game da baƙaƙen fata ya zama ruwan dare a Ostiraliya. Kashi 21% na waɗanda aka amsa sun ji cewa 'yan gudun hijira na Afirka sun ƙara yawan laifuka a Ostiraliya, kuma kashi 16.1% sun bayyana cewa sun ji "mara kyau sosai ko ɗan mara kyau" game da 'yan Afirka Ostiraliya.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Wickes et al suna jayayya cewa waɗannan halayen suna nuna ra'ayoyin da ba a sani ba waɗanda suka yadu a Ostiraliya waɗanda zasu iya haifar da nuna bambanci ba tare da sani ba. Suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin wani abu a cikin gabatarwar da 'yan jarida da 'yan siyasa suka yi na abin da ake kira "ƙungiyoyin Afirka" da martanin jama'a ga shi.<ref name="Benier-2020" /> Masanin Nazarin Kasa da Kasa, Mandisi Majavu, shi ma ya gano wani hali na gano maza 'yan Afirka Ostiraliya a matsayin "manyan 'yan iska bakwai" da ke da alaƙa da "rashin wayewa, tsofaffin halaye, haɗari da laifuka" kuma ya bayyana cewa baƙar fata tushen tsoro ne a cikin wasu fararen fata.<ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Misalai na wannan sun haɗa da hana ɗaliban Sudan haɗuwa a cikin rukuni fiye da uku a makarantun Melbourne saboda tsoron cewa za su iya zama masu barazana.<ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Yana ganin wannan fahimtar barazanar a matsayin babban abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga tsaron ɗabi'a.<ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Masanan ilimi na Ostiraliya, Kathomi Gatwiri da Leticia Anderson, suna jayayya cewa 'yan Afirka Ostiraliya an bayyana su a matsayin "baƙi na dindindin" a cikin al'ummar Ostiraliya, kuma a matsayin haka an gina su a matsayin barazana, wani lokacin a cikin maganganun "rikicin wayewa".<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> Suna ganin tsoron laifukan ƙungiyoyin Afirka a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan matsayi na jikin Afirka a matsayin tushen haɗarin zamantakewa.<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /> ====Abubuwan da suka shafi Kafofin Watsa Labarai==== Sassan kafofin watsa labarai na Ostiraliya, musamman waɗanda ke cikin gidan News Corp, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakawa da kiyaye tsaron ɗabi'a game da laifuka da 'yan Afirka Ostiraliya a Melbourne.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Wannan yana nuna nazarin tsaron ɗabi'a na baya, wanda ya gano muhimmiyar rawa na 'yan jarida wajen gurbata da ɗagawa gaskiya, ta haka yana ƙara damuwa da martani na zamantakewa zuwa matakin da bai dace da abubuwan da ke haifar da su ba.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Duk da haka, Kounmouris da Blaustein, suna rubutawa a 2021, suna jayayya cewa zuwan sabon yanayin kafofin watsa labarai bayan faɗuwar riba na kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa da canjin tsarin masana'antar jarida da ya haifar, yana nufin cewa dole ne a yi nazarin tsaron ɗabi'a na ƙungiyoyin Afirka na Ostiraliya duka dangane da nazarin tsarin gargajiya a matakin zamantakewa da kuma dangane da "ɓangarorin yau da kullun na samar da labarai".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Tambayoyin sirri da aka yi wa 'yan jaridar Ostiraliya waɗanda suka buga labarai game da "Moomba riot", "Apex", "ƙungiyoyin Afirka" ko "zaɓen doka da oda" sun gano cewa yawancinsu sun bayyana rashin jin daɗi da takaici game da yadda takardunsu da 'yan jarida gabaɗaya suka rufe batun.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Duk da haka, mahalarta da yawa sun ji cewa laifukan da aka ruwaito sun cancanci labarai, kuma wasu sun kare aikin lura da kabilancin waɗanda ake zargi da laifuka da amfani da kalmomin da ake jayayya a kai kamar "ƙungiya" da "ɓarawon".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Manyan 'yan kasuwa masu ɗabi'a a cikin tsoron sune shugabancin jihar na Jam'iyyar Liberal National, waɗanda suka yi amfani da ra'ayin "ƙungiyoyin Sudan" don "gina labari game da aikata laifuka na Sudan ta Kudu wanda ya dace da labaran da ke ci gaba da kasancewa na baƙar fata, musamman na Sudan ta Kudu (watau baƙar fata/baƙin haure), aikata laifuka a cikin yanayin Ostiraliya."<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> 'Yan jaridar da Kounmouris da Blaustein suka yi wa tambayoyi sun fahimci waɗannan ci gaban siyasa a matsayin abubuwan da suka haifar da labarin "Apex", wanda ya sanya duk wani abin da ya faru na aikata laifuka daga mutanen asalin Sudan ta Kudu ya zama labarai.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Duk da haka, 'yan jarida sun gane cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun zaɓi su ɗaga saƙon Liberal Nationals.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Masanan ilimi da ke rubutawa game da tsoron sun lura da muhimmiyar rawa na jaridar ''Herald Sun''.<ref name="Gatwiri-2021" /><ref name="Gaffey-2019" /><ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /><ref name="Benier" /><ref name="Benier-2020" /> A cikin shekarar da ta biyo bayan rikicin bikin Moomba na 2016, ''Herald Sun'' ya wallafa labarai 173 da ke ambaton "Apex", ciki har da labaran ra'ayi 37. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na waɗannan labarai sun haɗa da kalmomin "Afirka" ko "Sudan".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Labaran da ke cikin ''Herald Sun'' sun kasance masu ban sha'awa kuma galibi sun haɗa da kalmomi kamar "maɓarnata", "ɓarawon", "cungiyoyi" da "ƙungiyoyi".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /><ref name="Majavu-2018" /> Binciken rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai kan launin fata a 2018, All Together Now ya gano cewa a cikin 'yan jaridar Ostiraliya, kashi 56.5% na rahotanni sun kasance marasa kyau, kashi 8.5% ba su da tasiri kuma kashi 34.9% sun kasance "masu haɗawa".<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Yawancin waɗannan rahotannin marasa kyau sun fito daga ''Herald Sun'' da ''The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)''.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Bugu da ƙari, kashi 70% na waɗannan labaran marasa kyau sun yi amfani da "dabaru na boye" kamar dog-whistling, izgili da sake sanyawa a wani wuri.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Kalubalantar wannan ginin barazanar launin fata ya fito ne daga masana ilimi, 'yan jaridar hagu, membobin ƙwararrun lauyoyin Victoria da masu fafutukar al'umma, tare da musanta su sun sami labarai a manyan jaridun ci gaba.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> A wannan yanayin, bambancin yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na Ostiraliya ya yi aiki don gabatar da ƙalubale ga ra'ayin hegemonic na dama.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> 'Yan jaridar da ke aiki a wannan lokacin sun ji cewa ganin ƙarancin ma'aikata da yaduwar churnalism, da kuma buƙatar yin aiki nan da nan saboda gasa daga kafofin watsa labarun zamantakewa, ba su iya tantance labarai da kyau ba.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Sun kuma ji matsin lamba daga editoci don haɗa kalmomin da ke da alaƙa da launin fata kamar "apex" a cikin rubutun su, kamar yadda wannan ya haifar da shiga intanet.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Haka kuma akwai matsin lamba da aka gane ga 'yan jarida a ''Herald Sun'' don buga labarai waɗanda suka dace da ra'ayin mazan jiya na masu karanta su, wanda ya hana su ƙin buga abubuwan da ba su dace ba ta hanyar da ba ta faru a jaridun hagu kamar ''The Age'' ba. Duk da yanayin da aka fi sarrafa a ''The Age'', har yanzu ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ra'ayin "barazanar ƙungiyoyin Afirka", musamman a farkon lokacin tsoron.<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Wani abin da aka ambata ta 'yan jarida a ''Herald Sun'' shine cewa sun ji aikinsu shine su ba da murya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa, tare da wannan gano kai da wanda aka azabtar ya sa su jure "ayoyin samar da labarai waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga wakilcin masu laifuka masu ban sha'awa da launin fata".<ref name="Kounmouris-2021" /> Baya ga rahotannin jarida, shirin Nine Network ''A Current Affair'' ya kasance babban abin da ya haifar da tsaron ɗabi'a da aka watsa labarai ta hanyoyi daban-daban.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Binciken Gaffey game da rahotannin laifuka na shirin a wannan lokacin yana mai da hankali kan mayar da hankali kan ƙwarewa fiye da ra'ayin masana ko bayanan kididdiga.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> A cikin rahotannin shirin, saɓani tsakanin "ƙwarewar" 'yan ƙasa da ba ta kai tsaye ba game da "laifukan ƙungiyoyi" da 'yan sanda da sauran hukumomi sun musanta cewa irin wannan matsalar tana wanzu an gabatar da shi a matsayin gazawar jihar wajen magance aikata laifuka maimakon kuskuren fahimta a ɓangaren jama'a.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> Gaffey yana ganin wannan fifikon fahimta fiye da gaskiya dangane da ra'ayin wani nau'i na zamani na parrhesia, inda ake ganin muryar masana ba ta da gaskiya fiye da labaran "ƙwarewa" na "talakawa", waɗanda galibi, a zahiri, ba su da ƙwarewar kai tsaye na batun da suke sharhi a kai.<ref name="Gaffey-2019" /> ==Tasirin Firgici ga Bakaken Fata 'Yan Ostiraliya== Wani bincike na shekarar 2018 da aka gudanar ta hanyar yin tambayoyi ga matasan Sudan 'yan Ostiraliya ya nuna cewa sun ba da rahoton mummunan sakamako da yawa na rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai game da tarzomar Moomba da labaran kungiyoyin da suka biyo baya.<ref name="Benier" /> Mahalarta binciken sun bayyana cewa a lokacin firgicin, an samu karuwar cin zarafi na launin fata a kansu a wuraren jama'a kuma mutane masu ra'ayin wariyar launin fata sun sami damar bayyana su, saboda sun ji an ba su halacci kuma an saba da su ta hanyar yaren kafofin watsa labarai na launin fata.<ref name="Benier" /> Wannan karuwar sharhi da cin zarafi na launin fata an kuma lura da shi ta mahalarta a shafukan sada zumunta kamar Facebook.<ref name="Benier" /> Mahalarta sun kuma lura da damuwa da sharhin kan layi a ƙarƙashin rahotanni daga kafofin watsa labarai kamar Channel Seven waɗanda galibi ke ɗauke da ra'ayoyin wariyar launin fata masu zafi da kiran a kori 'yan Sudan 'yan Ostiraliya. Mahalarta sun lura da rashin sharhi da ke kare 'yan Afirka 'yan Ostiraliya kuma sun ɗauki waɗannan sassan sharhi a matsayin "ci gaba da tunatarwa cewa wasu sassan jama'ar Ostiraliya masu magana ba su da haƙuri ga kasancewar al'ummomin Sudan ta Kudu a Ostiraliya."<ref name="Benier" /> Baya ga wannan fallasa ga wariyar launin fata, matasan Sudan 'yan Ostiraliya sun ji cewa firgicin ya yi musu zagon ƙasa kuma ya danganta su da aikata laifuka, yana da mummunan tasiri a matakin mutum da na al'umma.<ref name="Benier" /> Wasu matasa sun fuskanci wannan a matsayin matsin lamba na dindindin don tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin cuta ba daidai ba ne.<ref name="Benier" /> Wasu sun ba da rahoton cewa saninsu game da abin da ya shafi wariyar launin fata a cikin al'ummar Ostiraliya da rashin haƙurinta a kansu, ya sa su yi shakkun mutane daga wajen rukununsu, duk da cewa sun sani cewa abin da ya shafi wariyar launin fata ƙaramin rukuni ne.<ref name="Benier" /> A makarantu, 'yan Sudan 'yan Ostiraliya sun ba da rahoton cewa labaran da aka yi wa gishiri game da abin da ake zargin "kungiyar Apex" ya sa malamai su ɗauki rukuni-rukuni na yaran Sudan a matsayin ƙungiyoyin masu laifi masu yuwuwa, kuma ba a yarda da rukuni-rukuni na yaran Sudan ba.<ref name="Benier" /> Hakazalika, an zagi 'yan Sudan 'yan Ostiraliya da kalmomi masu nuna yaren firgicin a makaranta da kuma a bainar jama'a.<ref name="Benier" /><ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Sun kuma ba da rahoton yawan microaggressions waɗanda suka sa su yi tambaya game da kasancewarsu da darajarsu a cikin al'ummar Ostiraliya.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Yin binciken launin fata na 'yan Afirka 'yan Ostiraliya ta 'yan sanda a lokacin firgicin ya haifar da jin an tsananta musu da rashin 'yancin motsi da kuma haɗuwa a bainar jama'a da mutanen kabilarsu.<ref name="Benier-2020" /><ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> Weng da Mansouri sun lura cewa tsarin kafofin watsa labarai na ware duka 'yan Afirka da 'yan Musulmi 'yan Ostiraliya ya sanya su a waje da al'adun rayuwar Ostiraliya, kamar yadda yawancin Anglo-Celtic suka ayyana.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Suna jayayya cewa wannan ci gaba da mai da hankali kan kafofin watsa labarai yana cutar da mutuncin kai na 'yan Afirka da 'yan Musulmi 'yan Ostiraliya, yana haifar da ware kai kuma yana haifar da zargi da nuna bambanci.<ref name="Weng-2021" /> Jin ware kai, kunya da kasancewa manufa ta rashin girmamawa, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da fallasa ga bayyanar jama'a na mummunan sakamakon zamantakewa na firgicin, na iya haifar da cutarwar tunani ta hanyar lalata fahimtar kai mai kyau.<ref name="Tebeje-2021" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1c3wg0c2013z289jf7xulnavlnu27uh 0 103530 840546 785504 2026-05-27T19:32:16Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270528781|Abdul Ganiyu Salami]]" 840546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Ganiyu Salami''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1942) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan ƙasar Ghana. Salami ya wakilci Ghana a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1965. A shekarar 1967 ya koma Najeriya. [1] Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] q9gl37o03isr5zgc0o61awi7r2imuwh 840547 840546 2026-05-27T19:32:43Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270528781|Abdul Ganiyu Salami]]" 840547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Ganiyu Salami''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1942) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan ƙasar Ghana. Salami ya wakilci Ghana a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1965. A shekarar 1967 ya koma Najeriya. [1] Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [2]<ref>SPORTS FLAKES: Naija stars who lifted Ghana</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] evwy2peo46qwlxjxxp89x3pn8jk5zvv 840548 840547 2026-05-27T19:32:59Z Sardeeq 39275 840548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Ganiyu Salami''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1942) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan ƙasar Ghana. Salami ya wakilci Ghana a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1965. A shekarar 1967 ya koma Najeriya. [1] Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [2]<ref>SPORTS FLAKES: Naija stars who lifted Ghana</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] azdqpjp1ncqb2c0zvbcv4s2vafnbwsj 0 104666 840639 655122 2026-05-28T02:27:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kisan kiyashi na [[Karma, Burkina Faso|Karma]]''' wani kisan kiyashi ne a ƙauyen Karma, Sashen Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2023 wanda sojoji na 3rd Battalion na Rapid Intervention Brigade suka aikata don mayar da martani ga Harin Aorema da masu jihadi suka kashe sojoji da fararen hula da yawa 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata. Kisan kiyashi na Karma yana daya daga cikin kisan kiyashi mafi muni na tayar da kayar baya a Burkina Faso, kuma har zuwa wannan lokacin shine mafi muni da sojojin gwamnati suka yi. == Tarihi == Yawancin arewacin Burkina Faso sun kasance a kan gaba na tawaye da [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin]] da Jihar Musulunci a cikin Babban Sahara tun 2015, tare da waɗannan kungiyoyi suna karfafa hare-haren da suka kai wa fararen hula da aka gani a matsayin masu tausayi ga gwamnati tun daga 2019. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Burkina Attacks Continue |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/burkina-attacks-continue/6991412.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan kungiyoyin jihadi an san su da mamaye garuruwa a cikin Sashen Ouahigouya, gami da Karma da Aorema, sau da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata suna buƙatar [[Zakka|zakat]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Burkina Attacks Continue |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/burkina-attacks-continue/6991412.html |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 'yan watanni na farko na 2023, sojoji na Burkinabe sun aikata cin zarafin bil'adama da yawa a kan fararen hula. A watan Fabrairun 2023, sojoji na Burkinabe sun kashe yara bakwai da matasa a Sashen Ouahigouya, kuma jaridar Faransa Libération ta dawo da bidiyon abubuwan da suka faru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macé |first=Célian |last2=Horn |first2=Alexandre |last3=Maillard |first3=Matteo |last4=Faivre |first4=Agnès |title=Au Burkina Faso, une vidéo d’enfants exécutés tournée dans un camp militaire |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-burkina-faso-une-video-denfants-executes-tournee-dans-un-camp-militaire-20230327_M5VTQLIU3RCIVCRNHX2MHLHIBM/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> A mayar da martani, hukumomin junta na Burkinabe sun kori wakilin Liberation [[Agnes Faivre]] da wakilin Le Monde Sophie Douce . Garin Barga ya kunshi kusan ƙauyuka 20, kuma ya zama yankin rikici tsakanin sojojin gwamnati da na [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin]] (JNIM) da ƙungiyar Burkinabe Ansarul Islam . A cikin 2022 da 2023, mazaunan [[Fulani]] na Barga sun tsere daga yankin, amma mazaunan Karma - ƙauyen mafi rinjaye - sun kasance suna tallafawa sojojin. A lokacin harin, Karma tana da mazauna 400.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Faivre |first=Agnès |title=Au moins 150 civils massacrés dans le nord du Burkina Faso |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-moins-150-civils-massacres-dans-le-nord-du-burkina-20230423_LG4TT2XLW5ETZO6OGH3I36JPKM/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> Kwanaki biyar kafin kisan kiyashi, tsakanin 'yan ta'adda 40 zuwa 75 daga masu goyon bayan gwamnati masu sa kai don kare gida (VDP) an kashe su a wani hari na jihadi a Aorema, wanda ke kusa da Karma. Wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi na Karma sun ba da rahoton cewa a lokacin kisan, wani soja na Burkinabe ya gaya musu "Abin da suka yi mana, za mu yi maka". == Kisan kiyashi == Da karfe 7:30 na safe a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, sama da sojoji ɗari na Burkinabe da aka yi musu ado da takalma na BIR3, wanda ke nuna cewa sun kasance wani ɓangare na 3rd Battalion na Rapid Intervention Brigades, sun shiga Karma a kan babura da pickups. Shaidar shaidar ta tabbatar da cewa sojoji sun kasance wani ɓangare na BIR3 . <ref name="AI">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Burkina Faso: Responsibility of the army indicated in Karma massacre |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/burkina-faso-la-responsabilite-des-forces-speciales-de-larmee-pointee-dans-le-massacre-de-karma/ |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> <ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Burkina Faso: Army Linked to Massacre of 156 Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/04/burkina-faso-army-linked-massacre-156-civilians |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Mazauna ƙauyen sun yi maraba da sojoji, amma sun damu lokacin da suka fara kewaye Karma.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Nord du Burkina Faso: une soixantaine de personnes tuées par des hommes en tenue de l'armée |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230424-nord-du-burkina-faso-une-soixantaine-de-personnes-tu%C3%A9es-par-des-hommes-en-tenue-de-l-arm%C3%A9e?ref=tw_i |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira ya bayyana cewa sojoji sun shiga gidajen farar hula, suka tara mazauna, kuma suka fitar da su. A cikin tsari, sojoji sun bukaci a ga IDs na mazauna ƙauyen, kuma sun sace abubuwa kamar wayoyi da kuɗi.<ref name="HRW"/> Sojojin sun harbe duk wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya gudu ko ya ɓoye a gidajensu.<ref name="HRW" /> An tara mazauna a cikin manyan wuraren garin kuma an harbe su, yayin da aka kashe wasu a gidajensu.<ref name=":3"/> Mata, yara, da tsofaffi suna daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa.<ref name="HRW" /> An kashe imam din ƙauyen a gaban masallacin. An ɗaure wani rukuni na mutane 11 kuma an rufe su idanu, sannan aka kashe su a gefen tudu. Wani rukuni na mata da yara da farko an kashe su a unguwar Moyiriinga, tare da wasu yara suna da ƙuruciya kamar kwanaki 10. An kashe wani rukuni na mutane 13 a cikin farfajiyar gida. Mutanen da ba a tattara su a ƙauyen ba sun ɓoye a cikin gidajensu; maharan sun bi su kafin su fashe ƙofar kuma su kashe su. Mazauna da suka ji rauni da suka yi ƙoƙari su gudu sun mutu. Har ila yau, maharan sun yi fashi da shaguna, gidaje, da masallatai, suna satar abubuwa masu daraja, kuɗi, da akalla babura 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2023 |title=Burkina Faso: UN calls for investigation into massacre of 150 civilians |url=https://news.un.org/fr/story/2023/04/1134517 |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=United Nations |archive-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213024201/https://news.un.org/fr/story/2023/04/1134517 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AI"/> Sojoji sun ƙone yawancin ƙauyen, gami da ɗakunan ajiya arba'in, ɗakunan ajiyar goma sha bakwai, da gidaje arba'in.<ref name="AI"/> Kashe-kashen ya ci gaba har zuwa karfe 2:00 na yamma kafin rundunar, wanda jirgin saman soja ya biyo baya, ya tafi ƙauyen Dinguiri. Daga baya a wannan rana, an kashe fararen hula shida lokacin da motar ta tsaya a Dinguiri. An kashe wasu biyu a garin Mene, kuma an kashe wasu uku a kan hanyar tsakanin Ouahigouya da Barga. == Sakamakon haka == === Halin da aka yi === Gwamnatin Burkinabe ta "sananta" kisan kiyashi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, wanda ya ce "yana bin tsarin binciken sosai". A ranar 4 ga Mayu, shugaban junta [[Ibrahim Traore|Ibrahim Traoré]] ya bayyana cewa yana jiran ƙarshen binciken kafin ya yanke shawara game da kisan kiyashin. Traore ya yi kira da a gurfanar da masu aikata laifin a gaban shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-05 |title=Massacre de Karma au Burkina Faso: Ibrahim Traoré, président de la Transition, prend à son tour la parole |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230505-massacre-de-karma-au-burkina-faso-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-transition-prend-%C3%A0-son-tour-la-parole?ref=tw_iMassacre |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, Umaro Sissoco Embaló, shugaban [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] kuma shugaban [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]], ya bayyana kisan kiyashi a matsayin kisan kare dangi.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-03 |title=Massacre de Karma au Burkina Faso: les autorités réagissent au communiqué de Sissoco Embalo de la Cédéao |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230503-massacre-de-karma-au-burkina-faso-les-autorit%C3%A9s-r%C3%A9agissent-au-communiqu%C3%A9-de-sissoko-embalo-de-la-c%C3%A9d%C3%A9ao?ref=tw_i |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> Hukumomin Burkinabe sun yi Allah wadai da wannan sunan, suna kiran sanarwar Embalo "da sauri da gaggawa".<ref name=":5" /> === Wadanda suka mutu === A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, [[Lamine Kabore]], mai gabatar da kara na Babban Kotun Ouahigouya, ya ba da sanarwar cewa mutane sittin ne suka kashe su a Karma da mutanen da "suna sanye da kayan soja na kasa". <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Nord du Burkina Faso: une soixantaine de personnes tuées par des hommes en tenue de l'armée |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230424-nord-du-burkina-faso-une-soixantaine-de-personnes-tu%C3%A9es-par-des-hommes-en-tenue-de-l-arm%C3%A9e?ref=tw_i |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> A wannan rana, Liberation, da ke ambaton kafofin na gida, ya kiyasta yawan mutanen da suka mutu tsakanin 150 zuwa 200 da aka kashe. <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Faivre |first=Agnès |title=Au moins 150 civils massacrés dans le nord du Burkina Faso |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-moins-150-civils-massacres-dans-le-nord-du-burkina-20230423_LG4TT2XLW5ETZO6OGH3I36JPKM/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> [[Radio France Internationale|RFI]] ta ruwaito tsakanin mutane 100 zuwa 200 da aka kashe.<ref name=":42" /> A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] ya ba da rahoton cewa akalla fararen hula 150 sun ɓace, kuma cewa mutane masu dauke da makamai ne suka kai harin wanda ake zargin sun kasance mambobin tsaro da tsaro, tare da mataimakan sojoji. Kungiyar da ke adawa da rashin hukunci da rashin hukunci na al'ummomi (CISC), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Burkinabe, ta sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 136, ciki har da mata 50 da yara 21. <ref name=":3"/> Ƙungiyar Burkinabe Movement for People and Humans' Rights ta ba da sanarwar mutuwar mutane 147 da aka kashe, ciki har da mata 28 da yara 45 tare da mutane tara da aka kashe a yankunan da ke kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faivre |first=Agnès |title=Confirmation du massacre de Karma : plus de 150 villageois tués |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/confirmation-du-massacre-de-karma-plus-de-150-villageois-tues-20230429_2CKLRKKRO5HPZDOOBGHBM4FZJ4/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton adadin wadanda suka mutu 156, gami da jerin sunaye.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Burkina Faso : L’armée serait impliquée dans le massacre de 156 civils {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2023/05/04/burkina-faso-larmee-serait-impliquee-dans-le-massacre-de-156-civils |access-date=2025-01-21 |language=fr}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kisan kiyashi a Burkina Faso == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hexy7c98gl2ks8x17fr59muzmrufti1 0 107389 840566 739386 2026-05-27T19:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kodayake '''karuwanci a Maroko''' ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba tun daga shekarun 1970 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-03-11 |title=2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Morocco |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100602.htm |access-date=2010-01-25 |publisher=United States Department of State}}</ref> har yanzu yana nan. A cikin 2015 Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Maroko ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai 50,000 a Maroko, mafi rinjaye a yankin Marrakech.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=French Documentary Shows Life of Two Moroccan Prostitutes |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/06/189730/french-documentary-shows-life-of-two-moroccan-prostitutes/ |access-date=2017-10-08 |website=Morocco World News}}</ref> Masu karuwanci sun kasance matan Maroko daga ƙananan zamantakewar al'umma da kuma baƙi daga [[Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta kudu]] da Sahara, da yawa daga cikinsu wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane <ref> {{Cite web |date=2016-06-30 |title=2016 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/577f95cd15.html/ |access-date=2021-03-27 |website=Refworld: UN High Commission on Refugees}}</ref> UNAIDS ta kiyasta adadi a 75,000 a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Yara da yawa suna da rauni saboda dokokin tallafi a Maroko suna da tsauri sosai kuma suna da wahala. Karuwar suna na Maroko don jan hankalin masu lalata da yara na kasashen waje ya sa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa don magance matsalar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prisoner pardon shows how much Morocco has changed &#124; The National |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/prisoner-pardon-shows-how-much-morocco-has-changed |access-date=2015-05-20 |publisher=Thenational.ae}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Worldcrunch.com |date=2012-10-05 |title=After Bangkok, Marrakesh Forced To Face Plague Of Sex Tourism |url=http://www.worldcrunch.com/culture-society/after-bangkok-marrakesh-forced-to-face-plague-of-sex-tourism/marrakech-morocco-pedophilia-sex-tourism-/c3s9762/#.VAPF8sVdW |access-date=2015-05-20 |publisher=Worldcrunch.com |archive-date=2017-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511170606/https://www.worldcrunch.com/culture-society/after-bangkok-marrakesh-forced-to-face-plague-of-sex-tourism/marrakech-morocco-pedophilia-sex-tourism-/c3s9762#.VAPF8sVdW |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennent |first=James |date=2013-09-03 |title=Is Morocco the Latest Haven for European Paedophiles? &#124; VICE |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/is-morocco-replacing-southeast-asia-as-a-haven-for-european-paedophiles/ |access-date=2015-05-20 |publisher=Vice.com}}</ref><ref name="Magharebia">{{Cite web |last=Binoual |first=Imrane |last2=Touahri |first2=Sarah |date=27 November 2008 |title=New report addresses causes of sex tourism in Morocco |url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2007/12/28/feature-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502201520/http://magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2008/11/27/feature-01 |archive-date=2012-05-02 |access-date=2010-01-25 |website=[[Magharebia]] |publisher=[[United States Africa Command]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco Clamps Down On Sex Tourism |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=13976 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070919015022/http://english.aljazeera.net/English/archive/archive?ArchiveId=13976 |archive-date=2007-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-07-01 |title=streetlife |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/streetlife.shtml |access-date=2010-01-25 |publisher=BBC World Service}}</ref> Karuwanci na maza ya wanzu amma an nuna masa zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Study of the characteristics of male prostitution in Morocco and development of appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention strategies |url=http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102221216.html |access-date=2010-01-25 |publisher=Gateway.nlm.nih.gov |archive-date=2019-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809133830/https://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102221216.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikatan jima'i na Maroko sun haɗa da OPALS, ƙungiyar da ke inganta maganin [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]].<ref name="Magharebia" /> A al'ada, an bayyana matsayin mata a cikin al'ummar Arewacin Afirka sosai, musamman tare da karuwar Islama. Duk da haka gaskiyar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa galibi suna ba da dama ga mata da yawa na Maroko, kuma ana ganin yankin a matsayin mai ba da izini ga karuwanci. == Mulkin mallaka na Faransa == [[Fayil:Les_amies_-_Bousbir.jpg|thumb|Shigarwa zuwa Bousbir a Casablanca farkon karni na 20]] [[Fayil:Au_camp_d'Arbalou_l'Arbi_Le_B.M.C._Bordel_Militaire_de_Campagne_-1922_Edit_Legraverand,_phot,_Meknès.jpg|thumb|BMC a [[Moroko|Maroko]] a cikin 1920s]] A tarihi, karuwanci yana da alaƙa da [[Bautar da Bayi a Maroko|bautar a Maroko]]. [[Shari'a|Dokar Musulunci]] ta haramta karuwanci a hukumance. Koyaya, tunda ka'idar ƙwaraƙwalwa a cikin Islama a cikin [[Shari'a|Dokar Musulunci]] ta ba da damar namiji ya yi jima'i da baiwarsa mace, karuwanci a cikin duniyar Musulunci ana yin shi ne ta hanyar mai sayar da baiwarsa a kasuwar bawa ga abokin ciniki, wanda aka ba shi izinin yin jima'i tare da ita a matsayin sabon mai shi; abokin ciniki zai soke sayansa kuma ya mayar da baiwa ga mai karuwanta a kan uzuri na rashin jin daɗi, wanda shine hanyar doka da karɓa don karuwanci cikin duniyar Musulmi. Marubutan da yawa kamar Christelle Taraud sun danganta karuwar karuwanci a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa ga kawar da [[Bautar da Bayi a Maroko|bautar a Maroko]]. Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun bi manufofin adawa da bautar, kuma tsakanin kashi na biyu na karni na 20 da shekarun 1950, bayi a Maroko inda sannu a hankali suka sake su.<ref name="North Africa 2024 p.128-129" /> A wannan lokacin, yawancin bayi a Maroko inda mata bayi na gida, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a matsayin ma'aikatan gida kuma ana cin zarafinsu bisa ga ƙwaraƙwalwa a cikin Islama, da kuma yawancin mata marasa galihu, ana da'awar sun juya zuwa karuwanci don tsira bayan an sake su.<ref name="North Africa 2024 p.128-129" /> A lokacin [[Kariyar Faransa a Maroko|Mulkin mallaka na Faransa]] (1912-1956) an tsara [[karuwanci]].<ref name="sellingsex">{{Cite book|edition=Lex Heerma}}</ref> Hukumomi sun damu game da yaduwar [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|STIs]], musamman [[Tunjere|syphilis]], tsakanin dakarun da ke zaune a cikin mulkin mallaka.<ref name="harries" /> An kafa "Quartiers réservés" (gundumomi masu haske) a birane da yawa, inda aka ba da izinin karuwanci, musamman a Bousbir a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] . <ref name="harries" /> A cikin waɗannan unguwanni da aka tanada, dole ne a yi rajista da karuwanci kuma su sami binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun. Dole ne su ɗauki katin rajista tare da su a kowane lokaci kuma tafiya a waje da kwata an yarda da shi ne kawai ta hanyar izini.<ref name="harries" /><ref name="sellingsex"/> A waje da waɗannan ɗakunan, an kafa maisons de tolérance (masu karuwanci) don amfani da Turawa. Masu karuwanci a cikin waɗannan gidaje suna ƙarƙashin wannan ƙa'ida. Wasu karuwanci sun yi aiki a waje da unguwanni da aka tanada. Akwai matakai na 'yan sanda akai-akai a kan wadannan ɓoye kuma an tilasta musu yin gwajin likita. Wadanda suke da lafiya sun sami gargadi. Idan suna da kamuwa da cutar ta jima'i, ana kai su asibiti. Bayan an sake su daga asibiti, an kai su wuraren da aka tanada. Mata da suka karɓi gargadi uku an kai su cikin tilas zuwa unguwanni.<ref name="sellingsex"/> Inda sojoji suka tsaya daga biranen, an kafa bordels militaires de campagne (madara mai tafi-da-gidanka) ga sojoji. ==''Much Loved''== ''Much Loved'' fim ne na ƙasar Faransa-Moroko daga shekara ta 2015 game da rayuwar karuwai a birnin [[Marrakesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/festivals/much-loved-review-cannes-nabil-ayouch-1201505180/ |title=Cannes Film Review: 'Much Loved' |website=Variety|date=2015-05-27 }}</ref> Fim ɗin yana bayani kan rayuwar mata huɗu masu karuwanci, inda ake nuna yadda suke fuskantar cin zarafi daga masu karuwanci da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a hukumomin 'yan sanda. Fim ɗin an haramta shi a ƙasar Moroko bisa dalilin "raini ga ɗabi’u da kuma mutuncin matar Moroko".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/morocco-bans-nabil-ayouchs-cannes-798788 |title=Morocco Bans Nabil Ayouch's Cannes Title 'Much Loved' |website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=29 May 2015 }}</ref> Jarumar farko, Loubna Abidar, ta sami barazanar kisa, kuma a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2015, an kai mata farmaki a birnin Casablanca, wanda hakan ya sa ta gudu zuwa ƙasar Faransa ba da jimawa ba.<ref name="agression">{{cite web |author=Rebourg, Amandine |url=http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/ |title=Loubna Abidar, star du film "Much Loved", victime d'une violente agression au Maroc (French) |publisher=Metro International |date=November 6, 2015 |access-date=24 February 2016 |archive-date=5 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105051027/http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2015/11/08/03002-20151108ARTFIG00087--much-loved-loubna-abidar-se-refugie-en-france.php Much Loved : après son agression, Loubna Abidar se réfugie en France (French)], lefigaro.fr, 8 novembre 2015</ref> Manyan malamai da ke ƙasar sun soki fim ɗin bisa dalilin nunawa da ya ba da damar zina da kuma tausaya wa 'yan luwadi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=chronicle.fanak.com|title=Controversial Sex Worker Drama 'Much Loved' Opens Debate about Prostitution in Morocco|url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/morocco/society-media-culture/media/controversial-sex-worker-drama-much-loved-opens-debate-about-prostitution-in-morocco/|website=fanack.com|access-date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723215225/https://chronicle.fanack.com/morocco/society-media-culture/media/controversial-sex-worker-drama-much-loved-opens-debate-about-prostitution-in-morocco/|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Chikhat== '''Chikhat''' (Larabci شيخة ''shīkha'') kalma ce ta Moroko da ake amfani da ita wajen nufin mawaka, mawaƙa, masu rawa, da karuwai<ref>Marie Virolle-Souibès, Gestes d’Algérie, Karthala, 2007, shafi na 78</ref> A al'ada, mata masu nishadantarwa sukan kasance karuwai<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Qadéry |first1= Mustapha |title= Bordel de bled, bordel au Bled : figures rurales de la prostitution au Maroc |journal= L'Année du Maghreb |issue= VI |language= fr |pages= 189–202 |url= https://anneemaghreb.revues.org/863 |doi= 10.4000/anneemaghreb.863 |year= 2010 |doi-access= free }}</ref>. Sau da dama sukan kasance cikin rukunin masu tafiya don nuni. A zamanin yau, masu rawa na Chikhat ba su zama karuwai ba gaba ɗaya, amma masu rawa a lokacin bikin aure<ref>{{cite news |last= Gherradi |first= Youssef |date= 2014-10-11 |title=The Situation of Chikhats in Morocco |url= http://themoroccantimes.com/2014/10/11231/moroccans-chikhat |work= The Moroccan Times |access-date= 2017-10-08 }}</ref> ==Fataucin jima'i== Moroko na daga cikin ƙasashe masu samar da, daula zuwa, da kuma wucewar mata da yara da ake yi wa fataucin jima'i. Dangane da bincike da gwamnatin Moroko ta gudanar a watan Nuwamba 2015 tare da goyon bayan wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, yara suna fuskantar amfani da su a cikin fataucin jima'i. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa wasu mata Morokawa ana tilasta musu zama karuwai a cikin ƙasa ta hannun ‘yan uwa ko wasu masu shiga tsakani<ref name="state18">{{cite web |title=Morocco 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282714.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729171023/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282714.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2018 |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=29 July 2018}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Wasu mata 'yan ƙaura ba tare da takardun izini ba, musamman daga Afirka ta kudu da Sahara da kuma adadi mai ƙaruwa daga Kudancin Asiya, ana tilasta su zama karuwai. Kungiyoyi masu aikata laifi da ke aiki a Oujda kusa da iyakar Aljeriya da kuma garin gabar teku na Nador na tilasta wa matan da ba su da takardun izini su zama karuwai. Wasu mata 'yan ƙaura, musamman 'yan Najeriya, da ke wucewa ta Oujda, ana tilasta musu zama karuwai idan sun isa Turai. Kungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin agaji na cikin gida, da 'yan ƙaura sun bayyana cewa yara da mata da ba su da rakafi daga Côte d’Ivoire, Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo, Najeriya da Kamaru suna cikin haɗari sosai ga fataucin jima'i a Moroko. Wasu rahotanni sun ce ƙungiyoyin ƙetare daga Kamaru da Najeriya suna amfani da barazanar cutar da iyalan waɗanda aka tilasta, kuma waɗanda aka tilasta sukan kasance ’yan ƙasa ɗaya da masu fataucin<ref name="state18" /> Mata da yara Morokawa ana amfani da su cikin fataucin jima'i, musamman a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Mata Morokawa da aka tilasta zama karuwai a ƙetare suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa wajen motsi, barazana, da kuma cin zarafi na jiki da tunani<ref name="state18" /> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Ofishin Kula da Fataucin Mutane ta sanya Morocco cikin matakin 'Tier 2'<ref name="state18" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Ƙara karatu== * {{cite book |last1=Taraud |first1=Christelle |title=La prostitution coloniale : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, 1830-1962 |date=2003 |publisher=Payot |isbn=9782228897051 |language=fr |trans-title=Colonial Prostitution: Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, 1830-1962|id= {{ASIN|2228897051|country=fr}} }} tgeaz6lw0vhvrrvk24d3vmhxpk1uldy 0 109167 840980 689189 2026-05-28T06:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kulaib ibn Rabi'ah al-Taghlibi''' (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da Wa'il al-Tghlibi ya kasance shugaban kabilanci na Islama kuma na farko daga cikin Adnanites ya zama sarki a kansu. A karkashin mulkinsa, Adnanites sun sami matsayi a [[Yankin Larabawa]] a kan takwarorinsu na Qahtanite. Kisan Kulaib a cikin shekara ta dari hudu da casa'in da hudu 494 AZ ya haifar da Basus War . == Tarihin rayuwa == === ahalinsa === An ba da cikakken zuriyarsa kamar haka: Kulaib, ɗan Rabiah, ɗan Al-Harith, ɗan Zuhayr, ɗan Jashm, ɗan Bakr, ɗan Habib, ɗan 'Amr, ɗan Ghanim, ɗan Taghlib Ibn Wa'il . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=معلومات لم تعرفها من قبل عن كليب بن ربيعة |url=https://ain-marfa.com/article/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-41 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=موسوعة عين المعرفة |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Saboda haka, ya fito ne daga kabilar Taghlib. An kuma tabbatar da zuriyar Kulaib daga Adnan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa Taghlib ya fito ne daga Adnan.<ref name=":0" /> Zuriyar Adnan daga uban iyali na Littafi Mai-Tsarki Ishma'el saboda haka ya sa Kulaib ya kasance cikin ƙarni na baya na Ishma'iliyya.<ref name=":2">Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). ''The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet''. Dar-us-Salam Publications. {{ISBN|978-9960899558|}}</ref> Kulaib ɗan'uwan sanannen mawaƙi ne 'Udayy ibn Rabiah, wanda aka fi sani da suna Abu Layla al-Muhalhel . Kulaib kuma yana da ɗa mai suna Al-Jarw, wanda zai gaji shi wajen zartar da hukuncin a Taghlib.<ref name=":0"/> === Ƙarfafa iko === Kulaib ya kasance mai rinjaye sosai tsakanin kabilun Adnanawa da ke zaune a Najd a wani lokaci. A karkashin umurninsa, dakarun sojojin Adnanawa sun sami damar kayar da sojojin Qahtanite na Himyar da Madhhij. Sarautar Kulaib ta shirya hanya ga Adnanites don samun matsayi a yankin Larabawa, musamman a Najd . <ref name=":4" /> === Mutuwa === Kulaib ibn Rabi'ah ya kashe surukinsa, Jassas ibn Murrah daga Banu Bakr. A yadda tarihi ya baiyana, Kulaib ya harbe wani raƙumi mai daraja na wata mace mai daraja ta Banu Bakr; ya fusata Jassas.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Jassas sa'an nan kuma ya soke Kulaib har ya yi sanadin rasa ransa.<ref name=":0"/> == Dalilin Yaƙin Basus ==   Kisan Kulaib ya sa Taghlib ta yi adawa da danginsu Banu Bakr . Sun yi yaƙe yake masu tsanani na shekaru arba'in, rikice-rikice tsakanin su an san su da Basus War . Taghlib sun kasance masu cin nasara a yakin, amma sun sha wahala sosai saboda hare-haren mamaya daga kabilar da ke hamayyarsu wato Bakr.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> == Rayuwar sa == === Halaiyan shi === Kulaib yana da halin girman kai da dakiya da jajurcewa, amma babban sha'awarsa shine kariya ga 'yan uwansa Adnanawa. === Addini === Kulaib na iya kasancewa Kirista na Larabawa, kamar yadda Taghlib a tarihi kabilar Kirista ce. Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri ya ba da rahoton cewa duk da juyowa zuwa Kristanci, Larabawa sun yi watsi da addini da ka'idodinsa waɗanda suka tuba zuwa gare shi (sai dai ga muhimman al'amuran asali kamar allahntaka ɗaya da ƙin allahntaka da yawa). <ref name=":2">Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). ''The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet''. Dar-us-Salam Publications. {{ISBN|978-9960899558|}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-9960899558|978-9960899558]]</ref> == Tarihi == === Lokacin rayuwa === An kiyasta mutuwar Kulaib a kusa da shekara ta dari hudu da casa'in da hudu 494 AZ, yayin da abubuwan da suka faru na Basus War suka ƙare a kusa da shekarar dari biyar da talatin da hudu 534 AZ bayan shekaru arba'in na fada. Dictionary of Arab Poets ya ba da irin wannan kimantawa game da ranar mutuwarsa a kusa da shekarar dari hudu da casa'in da biyu 492 AZ. === Inda aka binne Kulaib === [[Fayil:Qabr_Kulaib_ibn_Rabiah_(2).jpg|thumb|Binciken da aka danganta da Kulaib a yankin Wadi Khaitan]] Kabarin da aka danganta da Kulaib yana cikin Wadi Khaitan tsakanin [[Makkah|Makka]] da Abha . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wadi Khaitan |url=https://aathaar.net/en/place/5170 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=اكتشف العالم |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=أين يقع قبر كليب بن ربيعة |url=https://mawdoo3.com/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B9_%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=موضوع |language=ar}}</ref> Tana cikin kwarin inda akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa.<ref name=":8" /> A shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas 2008, an kusan gano shafin bayan an shirya shigar da motar kebul a shafin, amma abin farin ciki an sake komawa aikin. == Fadada bincike == * Taghlib * Abu Layla al-Muhalhel * Jerin mawaƙa na harshen Larabci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://shamela.ws/book/2114/1920 Tarihin Kulaib ibn Rabi'ah, a cikin Dictionary of Arab Poets on the Maktaba Shamela] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jtha2dyllpxk93yy7j82e5zelcxoygh 0 110972 840904 707275 2026-05-28T05:58:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yanayi na [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]]''' ta rubuta manufofin jihar ta Tarayyaa ta Rasha game da [[Canjin yanayi]]. Idan aka yi la'akari da jagororin dabarun [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]], [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Koyarwar ita ce tushen kafawa da aiwatar da manufofin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2009 |title=Утверждена Климатическая доктрина Российской Федерации |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/6365 |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=Президент России |language=ru}}</ref> Yana wakiltar tsarin ra'ayoyi game da manufar, ka'idoji, abun ciki da hanyoyin aiwatar da manufofin hadin kan Tarayyar Rasha a cikin kasar da kuma fagen duniya kan batutuwan da suka shafi canjin yanayi da sakamakonsa. An amince da takardar ta hanyar umarnin Shugaban Tarayyar Rasha a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Распоряжение Президента Российской Федерации от 17.12.2009 г. № 861-рп |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/30311 |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=Президент России |language=ru}}</ref>  == Tushen Shari'a == Tushen shari'a na Koyarwar shine Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Rasha, dokokin tarayya, ayyukan doka na Shugaban Tarayyar Russia da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Russie, Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi na Mayu 9, 1992 da sauran yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa na Taraywar Rasha, gami da wadanda ke kan muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. [Ba a buƙatar tushe na farko] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> == Abubuwan da aka tanada == An rubuta takardar ne a cikin tsarin wajibai na bangaren Rasha kan ci gaban manufofi da matakan a fagen yanayi a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Климатическая доктрина РФ |url=http://global-climate-change.ru/index.php/ru/oficial-documents/climate-doctrine-rf |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=global-climate-change.ru |archive-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702030331/http://global-climate-change.ru/index.php/ru/oficial-documents/climate-doctrine-rf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana kiran canjin yanayi daya daga cikin mahimman matsalolin kasa da kasa na karni na ashirin da daya, yana wucewa bayan batun kimiyya kuma yana wakiltar matsala mai rikitarwa da ke rufe yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na ci gaban ci gaba mai ɗorewa na Tarayyar Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Климатическая доктрина Российской Федерации |url=https://meteoinfo.ru/climatedoctrine |access-date=2019-07-02 |website= |publisher=Гидрометцентр России |language= |archive-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702030131/https://meteoinfo.ru/climatedoctrine |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban manufofin manufofin yanayi na Tarayyar Rasha, bisa ga rubutun takardar, sune * Karfafawa da ci gaban tushen kimiyya na manufofin Tarayyar Rasha a fagen yanayi; * Ci gaba da aiwatar da matakan aiki da na dogon lokaci don rage tasirin ɗan adam akan yanayi; * Kasancewa cikin shirye-shiryen al'ummomin duniya wajen [[Rage canjin yanayi|magance canjin yanayi]] da batutuwan da suka shafi. Yankin Tarayyar Rasha yana nufin akwai mai da hankali kan faɗin sakamakon: "bambance-bambance na musamman da sikelin canjin yanayi a yankunan Tarayyar Russia da sakamakonsa ga muhalli, tattalin arziki da yawan jama'a sakamakon halitta ne na girman yankin da kuma babban bambancin yanayin yanayi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2009 |title=Климатическая доктрина Российской Федерации: основные тезисы. Справка |url=https://ria.ru/20091217/199797341.html |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref> Arkady Dvorkovich, Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, ya sake maimaita bukatar amsawa saboda rashin yiwuwar canjin yanayi, a wani taron manema labarai na musamman a ranar da aka sanya hannu kan takardar: "bisa ga ra'ayin masana kimiyya, wanda ke nunawa a cikin koyarwar yanayi, rabon tasirin ɗan adam akan canjin yanayi ya kasance da wuya a lissafa shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2009 |title=Президент России подписал климатическую доктрину - Дворкович |url=https://ria.ru/20091217/199776732.html |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref> Yawancin canjin yanayi yana da alaƙa da yanayin duniya na dogon lokaci, kuma duk abin da muke yi, yana da cewa wasu canje-canje za su ci gaba saboda dalilai na halitta, don haka za mu dauki mataki. == Matakan aiwatarwa masu amfani == Da zarar an amince da Koyarwar, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2011 ta ba da umarni wanda: * An amince da wani shirin da aka haɗa na aiwatar da Koyarwar Yanayi na Tarayyar Rasha har zuwa 2020; * An tilasta wa hukumomin zartarwa na tarayya su aiwatar da shirin da aka amince da shi ta hanyar umarnin, a cikin iyakokin albarkatun da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta kafa; * An ba da shawarar hukumomin ikon jihar na batutuwa na Tarayyar Rasha su samar da shirye-shiryen yanki na ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Комплексный план реализации Климатической доктрины РФ на период до 2020 года |url=https://rg.ru/2011/05/03/klimat-doktrina-site-dok.html |access-date=2019-07-02 |publisher=Российская газета |language=ru}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ifjo5azv70gv2daaxdhrx8zgkht1edy 0 111787 840952 693423 2026-05-28T06:30:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin dalibi''' ko '''Kudin aiki dalibai''' shine kuɗin da ake caji ga dalibai a makaranta, kwaleji, jami'a ko wani wuri na ilmantarwa wanda ya kasance ban da duk wani karatun da / ko Kudin karatun. Ana iya cajin shi don tallafawa Kungiyoyin ɗalibai da [[Student activities|Ayyukan ɗalibai]] (wanda za'a iya kiransa kuɗin aiki) ko don shirye-shiryen Intercollegiate kamar wasanni na intramural ko masu ziyara; ko, a [[Public university|jami'ar jama'a]] ko kwaleji, a matsayin hanyar magance gazawar kudade na jihar (wanda a wannan yanayin ana iya kiransa '''Kudin fasaha'''). <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Jenna |title=Student Activity Fees: Who Gets What and Why? |url=http://www.johnlocke.org/acrobat/articles/studentfees_v6%5B1%5D.pdf |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=www.johnlocke.org}}</ref> Za a iya cajin ƙarin kuɗi don fasalulluka da wurare kamar inshora, kiwon lafiya da tanadin ajiye motoci. == Amurka == === Tsarin mulki na kudaden ayyuka === A Amurka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yanke hukunci sau da yawa game da [[Constitutionality|Tsarin mulki]] na kudaden aikin dalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jun 29, 1995 |title=Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia |url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1994/94-329 |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=Oyez}}</ref> Kwanan nan, Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa jami'o'in jama'a na iya tallafawa kungiyoyin siyasa ta hanyar biyan kuɗin aikin ɗalibai muddin yadda ake warwatsa irin waɗannan kudade shine tsaka-tsaki na siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Mar 22, 2000 |title=Board of Regents , University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth |url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1999/98-1189 |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=Oyez}}</ref>   Duk da sharhin Kotun Koli ta Amurka, yawancin kudaden kuɗin aikin ɗalibai a yau ana amfani da su don dalilai marasa siyasa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Jenna |title=Student Activity Fees: Who Gets What and Why? |url=http://www.johnlocke.org/acrobat/articles/studentfees_v6%5B1%5D.pdf |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=www.johnlocke.org}}</ref> === Shari'o'in kuɗin ɗalibai === * ''Rosenberger v. University of Virginia,'' 515 U. S. 819 (1995) * ''Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth'' 529 U.S. 217 (2000) == Misalan == === Jami'ar New Hampshire === Kudin Ayyukan Dalibai na Jami'ar New Hampshire na musamman ne a tsakanin sauran cibiyoyin da suka dace da ilimin sakandare saboda Gwamnatin dalibai mai cin gashin kanta ce ke gudanar da kuɗin, kyauta daga masu ba da shawara ko ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-23 |title=Student Senate |url=https://www.unh.edu/student-senate |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=University of New Hampshire |language=en |archive-date=2019-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821134540/https://www.unh.edu/student-senate |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-04 |title=Student Activity Fee |url=https://www.unh.edu/mub/student-activity-fee |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=Memorial Union & Student Activities |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2019, duk daliban digiri na farko da ke halartar UNH sun biya $ 89 don kuɗin su.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-12 |title=Student Activity Fee Committee |url=https://www.unh.edu/student-senate/safc |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=University of New Hampshire |archive-date=2019-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918010741/https://www.unh.edu/student-senate/safc |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6oiudlepejky0ysynvvdcqtntvqj7a3 0 115456 840530 709532 2026-05-27T17:53:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kamfanin Ci gaban Ma'adanai na Mineral Resources Limited (MRDC) an kafa shi ne a cikin 1975 kuma 100% mallakar Gwamnatin Papua New Guinea ce. Da farko an kafa shi ne a matsayin wanda aka zaba a Jihar don samun bukatun Kasuwanci na Jiha da na Mai Kasuwanci a cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da man fetur da kuma gudanar da kudaden daidaito ga kamfanonin masu mallakar ƙasa daga manyan wuraren ci gaban albarkatun PNG. Koyaya, an canja wurin daidaito na Jiha zuwa Petromin PNG Holdings Ltd, don haka mayar da hankali ga MRDC yanzu shine gudanar da abubuwan da ke cikin Landowner a cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da man fetur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MRDC |title=About us |url=http://www.mrdc.com.pg/about/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113002414/http://www.mrdc.com.pg/about/index.htm |archive-date=2012-01-13 |publisher=MRDC}}</ref> Kwamitin daraktoci ne ke jagorantar MRDC, wanda Isacc Lupari ke jagoranta saboda matsayinsa na 'Babban Sakatare' na Jiha. Tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, Manajan Darakta na MRDC ya kasance Augustine Mano. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, Firayim Minista mai aiki [[Belden Namah]] ya dakatar da nadin Mano, a kan zargin cewa MRDC ta yi saka hannun jari mara kyau a karkashin jagorancinsa. Koyaya, Firayim Minista [[Peter O'Neill]] ya sake dawo da Mano mako guda bayan haka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2011 |title=Govt terminates MRDC chief |url=http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20111013/news04.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416080932/http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20111013/news04.htm |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=[[Papua New Guinea Post-Courier]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2011 |title=PNG Government terminates contract of MRDC boss |url=http://islandsbusiness.com/news/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=130/focusContentID=25870/tableName=mediaRelease/overideSkinName=newsArticle-full.tpl |publisher=[[Islands Business]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Babban abubuwan da MRDC ke so sun kasance masu zaman kansu a cikin 1996, ta hanyar kirkirar Orogen Minerals, wanda MRDC ke da kashi 51% na hannun jari. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, Orogen ya haɗu da Oil Search (OS), amma MRDC ta riƙe kashi 18.1% a cikin sabon kamfanin. OS ita ce babbar mai samar da man fetur da iskar gas a PNG. An sake fasalin MRDC a cikin 2007, tare da kafa Petromin PNG Holdings Limited, wanda ya karɓi iko da kadarorin Jiha na ƙarshe, kashi 20.5% na daidaito a cikin Moran Petroleum Project. A sakamakon wannan sake fasalin, babban rawar da MRDC ke takawa ya zama gudanar da masu mallakar ƙasa da kuma bukatun Gwamnatin Lardin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MDRC |title=History |url=http://www.mrdc.com.pg/about/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122141958/http://www.mrdc.com.pg/about/history.htm |archive-date=2012-01-22 |publisher=MDRC}}</ref> == Zuba jari da rassa == Kamfanin saka hannun jari na MRDC ya karu daga K678.95 miliyan a 2007 zuwa K1,021.7 biliyan a watan Disamba na 2010. <ref name="DeniesReport">{{Cite web |date=29 September 2011 |title=MRDC denies corrupt deals report |url=http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20110929/news05.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416113102/http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20110929/news05.htm |archive-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=Papua New Guinea Post-Courier}}</ref> Kungiyar MRDC tana da abubuwan da ke biyowa na masu mallakar ƙasa da gwamnatocin larduna a cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da man fetur a PNG. === Ayyukan hakar ma'adinai === Ma'adanai Star Mountains Ltd - 3.05% daidaito ga masu mallakar ƙasa Ok Tedi Mine Ma'adanai Ok Tedi No. 2 Ltd - 3.05% daidaito don Fly River PG [Ok Tedi Mine] Ma'adanai Enga Ltd - 5% na daidaito ga Enga PG & Landowners [Porgera Mine] Ma'adanai Ramu Ltd - 2.5 equity % [Ramu Mine] Ma'adanai Madang Ltd - 2.5% na daidaito ga masu mallakar ƙasa [Ramu Mine] === Ayyukan mai === Ma'adanai na Man Fetur Kutubu Ltd - 6.75% daidaito da 2% sarauta [Kutubu Oil Project] Ma'adanai na Man Fetur Gobe Ltd - 2% daidaito da 2% sarauta [Gobe Oil Project] Ma'adanai na Man Fetur Moran Ltd - 2% daidaito da 2% sarauta [Moran Oil Project] === Ayyukan gas (PNG LNG) === Gas Resources Gigira Ltd - 1.126503% daidaito da 2% sarauta Gas Resources Hides No. 4 Ltd - 0.225353% da 2% royalty Gas Resources Juha No. 1 - Ltd - 0.132419% da 2% royalty Gas Resources Angore Ltd - 0.132747% da 2% royalties Ma'adanai na Man Fetur Kutubu Ltd - 1.143959% da 2% na sarauta Petroleum Resources Gobe Ltd - 0.023671% da 2% royalties Ma'adanai na Man Fetur Moran Ltd - 0.019874% da 2% na sarauta Gas Resources North West Moran Ltd - 0.000482% daidaito da 2% sarauta Gas Resources Plant Ltd - 0.0448% da 2% royalties Gas Resources Pipeline Ltd - 0.0448% da 2% royalties == Rashin jituwa == A watan Satumbar 2011, Firayim Minista Peter O'Neill ya umarci Babban Lauyan Allan Marat da ya bincika zargin cewa MDRC ta ɓata kuɗin Landowners ta hanyar saka hannun jari mara kyau da mara kyau. Zargin sun hada da sayen kashi 50% a cikin kamfanin helikofta na PGK70 miliyan, wanda ya bayyana yana da ainihin darajar PGK30 miliyan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Post Courier |title=PM orders probe into MRDC |url=http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20110928/news01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910161457/http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20110928/news01.htm |archive-date=2012-09-10 |publisher=Post Courier}}</ref> MDRC ta musanta duk wani shiga cikin biyan kuɗi ko ma'amala.<ref name="DeniesReport"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] odqb3eczfunv7hc1g70cn5pw0dl8h55 0 115515 840643 735831 2026-05-28T02:50:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kissi Agyebeng''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1978) lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Ghana, masanin kimiyya, kuma Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman na Ghana tun daga shekarar 2021. Kafin nadinsa, ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Ghana, Manajan Abokin Hulɗa a Cromwellgray LLP, kuma Shugaban Kotun Sadarwar Lantarki ta Ghana. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi (1978-2006) == An haifi Agyebeng a ranar 2 ga Yulin 1978 kuma ya fito ne daga Kwahu Nkwatia, a Yankin Gabas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Accra inda ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta Ordinary Level (O-Level) a 1994 da kuma takardar shaidar Advanced Level (A-Level). Bayan karatunsa na sakandare, ya sami izinin karatun shari'a a [[Jami'ar Ghana]], inda ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 2001 a matsayin dalibi mafi kyau na rukunin sa, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Bentsi-Enchill don Mafi kyawun Ɗalibi na Shari'a.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2021-04-26 |title=Profile of Special Prosecutor nominee, Kissi Agyebeng |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/profile-of-special-prosecutor-nominee-kissi-agyebeng/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=MyNewsGH |date=2021-04-26 |title=All you need to know about Kissi Agyebeng Ghana's Special Prosecutor nominee |url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-kissi-agyebeng-ghanas-special-prosecutor-nominee/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=MyNewsGh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=All you need to know about Special Prosecutor nominee Kissi Agyebeng - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-special-prosecutor-nominee-kissi-agyebeng/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Myjoyonline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2021 |title=Who is Kissi Agyebeng, the man pencilled in for Special Prosecutor? |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/who-is-kissi-agyebeng-the-man-pencilled-in-for-special-prosecutor.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Graphic Online |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Parliament to vet Special Prosecutor Kissi Agyebeng on July 22 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Parliament-to-vet-Special-Prosecutor-Kissi-Agyebeng-on-July-22-1307308 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805201714/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Parliament-to-vet-Special-Prosecutor-Kissi-Agyebeng-on-July-22-1307308 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Agyebeng ya ci gaba a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a shekara ta 2001, kuma ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 2003 tare da lambar yabo ta E.N. Sowah Memorial Award for Best Student in Family Law . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> A wannan shekarar, an kira shi zuwa Ghana Bar . <ref name=":3"/> A shekara ta 2004 ya shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta Schulich, Jami'ar Dalhousie, inda ya yi karatun Marine da Dokar Muhalli, ya kammala a shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Bayan karatunsa na digiri na biyu a Dallhousie, ya shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell, [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]], don wani shirin digiri na biyu na digiri a cikin Dokar Kamfanoni da Dokar Tsaro.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A Cornell, shi ne editan Cornell LL. M. Newsletter <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Farkon aiki (2006-2021) == === Kwalejin === Bayan karatunsa na digiri a kasashen waje, Agyebeng ya koma Ghana, inda ya sami aiki a matsayin malami a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a shekara ta 2006.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4"/> A shekara ta 2009, ya ninka sau biyu a matsayin malamin Shari'ar Jama'a ta Duniya a Jami'ar Maritime ta Yankin da ke [[Nungua]], [[Accra]] . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2011, ya shiga Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Sojojin Ghana kuma, bayan shekara guda, ya koyar da Dokar Laifuka a Kwalejin Jami'ar Mountcrest . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A cikin 2013 da 2014, ya koyar da Dokar Laifuka a [[Central University (Ghana)|Kwalejin Jami'ar Tsakiya]], da [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA)]] bi da bi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ya kasance malami a Jami'ar Ghana har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman a shekarar 2021. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ya koyar da Dokar Laifuka da Dokar Jama'a ta Duniya a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Ghana na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Kissi Agyebeng &#124; Special Prosecutor |url=https://osp.gov.gh/kissi-agyebeng-special-prosecutor |access-date=2025-09-10 |archive-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227221215/https://osp.gov.gh/kissi-agyebeng-special-prosecutor |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ayyukan shari'a === Agyebeng ya fara ne a matsayin abokin tarayya a Zoe, Akyea, da Co. Law firm.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ya shiga Cibiyar Shari'ar Jama'a (CEPIL), Kamfanin Shari'ar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam / Jama'a a Accra a cikin 2008, kuma, bayan shekara guda, ya sami aiki a Kamfanin Shariʼa na Ayine da Felli da ke Accra a matsayin Babban Mataimakin.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Kafin nadin sa zuwa ofishin mai gabatar da kara na musamman, ya kasance Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Cromwell Gray LLP, kuma shugaban Kotun [[Sadarwa|Sadarwar lantarki]] ta Ghana; kotun da ke da alhakin [[Hukunci|yanke hukunci]] daga hukunce-hukuncen Hukumar Sadarwa ta Kasa (NCA) da Kwamitin Sadarwa na NCA, game da amfani da sadarwa ta lantarki, yadda ake tsara watsa shirye-shirye da sauran amfani da bakan lantarki, ban da suka shafi batutuwan da suka shafi.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4"/> An sanya shi shugaban kotun a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, wanda ya gaji Samuel Date-Bah, tsohon Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli ta Ghana. <ref name=":4" /> Shi ne wanda ya kafa Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Cromwell Gray LLP, kamfanin lauya da ke aiki daga Ghana.<ref name=":9"/> Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga sanannen ɗan jaridar Ghana mai bincike Anas Aremeyaw Anas da ɗan wasan Ghana Blackstar Asamoah Gyan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MacLean |first=George Awiadem |date=9 January 2022 |title=Kissi Agyebeng Biography: Age, Wife, Hometown, Parents |url=https://www.biegyanation.com/celebrities/kissi-agyebeng/ |website=Biegya Nation |access-date=10 September 2025 |archive-date=12 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012182712/https://www.biegyanation.com/celebrities/kissi-agyebeng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman (2021-yanzu) == === Nomination da Naɗa a matsayin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman === An zabi Agyebeng a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2021 daga Babban Lauyan, Godfred Yeboah Dame, don maye gurbin Martin Amidu, tsohon Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman wanda ya yi murabus a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aklorbortu |first=Priscilla |date=2021-04-26 |title=Anas's lawyer Kissi Agyabeng to replace Martin Amidu as special prosecutor |url=https://yen.com.gh/185847-kissi-adjabeng-replace-amidu-special-prosecutor-receive-parliamentary-approval.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-01 |title=What exactly do you want? - Opanyin Agyekum to critics of Kissi Agyabeng's nomination |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/What-exactly-do-you-want-Opanyin-Agyekum-to-critics-of-Kissi-Agyabeng-s-nomination-1247752 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Wannan gabatarwa ta kasance daidai da sashi na 13 (8) na Dokar Mai gabatar da kara ta Musamman ta 2017 (Dokar 959) wanda ya bayyana cewa; "Lokacin da matsayin Mai gabatar da Shari'a na Musamman ya zama babu kowa, shugaban zai, a cikin watanni shida, nada wani mutum mai cancanta don wannan fayil ɗin".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-22 |title=All you need to know about Kissi Agyebeng, Ghana's Special Prosecutor nominee |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/All-you-need-to-know-about-Kissi-Agyebeng-Ghana-s-Special-Prosecutor-nominee-1314772 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804072131/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/All-you-need-to-know-about-Kissi-Agyebeng-Ghana-s-Special-Prosecutor-nominee-1314772 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin wata wasika zuwa ofishin shugaban kasa, Babban Lauyan ya bayyana cewa: "Kissi Agyebeng yana da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata kan cin hanci da rashawa, yana da halin kirki mai girma kuma ya tabbatar da amincinsa kuma ya gamsar da duk sauran bukatun da aka tsara a sashi na 13 (1) da (2) na Dokar 959. " Shugaban ya amince da gabatarwa kuma ya tura shi [[Majalisar Ghana|majalisa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adogla-Bessa |first=Delali |date=2021-04-26 |title=Kissi Agyebeng nominated as Special Prosecutor |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/kissi-agyebeng-nominated-as-special-prosecutor/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-06 |title=Akufo-Addo accepts Kissi Agyebeng's nomination as Special Prosecutor |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/akufo-addo-accepts-kissi-agyebengs-nomination-as-special-prosecutor/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwamitin Nominominomin na majalisa ya bincika shi a ranar Alhamis 22 ga Yuli 2021, kuma an ba da shawarar gaba ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vetting of Special Prosecutor: Kissi Agyebeng comes to Appointments Committee like a wrecking ball - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vetting-of-special-prosecutor-kissi-agyebeng-comes-to-appointments-committee-like-a-wrecking-ball/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Myjoyonline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aklorbortu |first=Priscilla |date=2021-07-23 |title=Special Prosecutor: 6 top highlights from Kissi Agyabeng's 5-hour long vetting |url=https://yen.com.gh/190684-special-prosecutor-6-top-highlights-kissi-agyabengs-5-hour-long-vetting.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=New Special Prosecutor Kissi Agyabeng Isn't God; He Needs Our Help - Charles Owusu |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202107/448938.php |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news |archive-date=2021-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805201713/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202107/448938.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Dr Osae Hails Unanimous Approval Of Special Prosecutor Nominee |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202107/448940.php |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news |archive-date=2021-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805201714/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202107/448940.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=31 July 2020 |title=Parliamentary approves Kissi Agyabeng as Special Prosecutor |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/parliament-approves-kissi-agyebeng-as-special-prosecutor/}}</ref> Daga baya majalisa ta amince da shi a ranar Jumma'a 30 ga Yulin 2021.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=Akufo-Addo swear in Kissi Agyebeng as Special Prosecutor today |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1096524/akufo-addo-swear-in-kissi-agyebeng-today-as-specia.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-30 |title=Be politically neutral & independent - Haruna to Kissi Agyebeng |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Be-politically-neutral-independent-Haruna-to-Kissi-Agyebeng-1321165 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805201716/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Be-politically-neutral-independent-Haruna-to-Kissi-Agyebeng-1321165 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda mataimakin kakakin majalisa na farko, [[Joseph Osei Owusu]] ya bayyana; "An karɓi ƙudurin, kuma an tabbatar da Kissi Agyebeng a matsayin wanda aka zaba don matsayin mai gabatar da kara na Musamman".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aklorbortu |first=Priscilla |date=2021-08-05 |title=Akufo-Addo to swear-in Kissi Agyebeng as Ghana's 2nd Special Prosecutor today |url=https://yen.com.gh/191508-akufo-addo-swear-kissi-agyebeng-ghanas-2nd-special-prosecutor-today.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aklorbortu |first=Priscilla |date=2021-08-02 |title=Parliament finally approves Kissi Agyebeng as Special Prosecutor |url=https://yen.com.gh/191320-parliament-finally-approval-kissi-agyebeng-special-prosecutor.html |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=Yen - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> [[shugaban kasar Ghana]], [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] ne ya rantsar da Agyebeng a matsayin shugaban kasar a ranar Alhamis, 5 ga watan Agusta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=Kissi Agyabeng to be sworn-in as new SP today |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kissi-Agyabeng-to-be-sworn-in-as-new-SP-today-1325314 |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805102252/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kissi-Agyabeng-to-be-sworn-in-as-new-SP-today-1325314 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar shugaban, "Yana da iyawa, gogewa, dabi'u da ake buƙata da ƙarfin ilimi don cin nasara a wannan matsayi mai mahimmanci".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amoh |first=Emmanuel Kwame |date=2021-08-05 |title=Kissi Agyebeng 'eminently qualified' to be Special Prosecutor – Akufo-Addo |url=https://3news.com/kissi-agyebeng-eminently-qualified-to-be-special-prosecutor-akufo-addo/ |access-date=2021-08-05 |website=3news |language=en-US}}</ref>&nbsp; == Babban Bincike da Shari'a da Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman ya jagoranci == Tun lokacin da ya hau mulki, mai gabatar da kara na musamman ya jagoranci manyan bincike da gurfanar da suka sake bayyana tsarin gine-ginen yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na Ghana. Lokacin da ya yi aiki ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar gurfanar da shi, bincike mai ban sha'awa, da kuma matsayi mara kyau game da lissafin siyasa da gudanarwa. === Hukunce-hukuncen da aka yi amfani da su === ==== NPA UPPF- abin kunya ==== A daya daga cikin manyan tuhumar da Ofishin ya yi har zuwa yau, an tuhumi mutane bakwai da kamfanoni uku kan cin hanci da rashawa miliyan 280 na GHS da kuma shirin karkatar da kudi wanda ya shafi Hukumar Man Fetur ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=OSP exposes GH₵280million corruption scheme: Former NPA CEO accused of pocketing GH₵24m |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/osp-exposes-gh-280million-corruption-scheme-former-npa-ceo-accused-of-pocketing-gh-24m.html |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Mutanen da ake zargi sun hada da tsohon Shugaba na NPA '''Mustapha Abdul-Hamid''' da kuma mai kula da '''UPPF''' '''Jacob Kwamina Amuah''', tare da zargin cire kudade ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kamfanonin man fetur da wanki ta hanyar kamfanoni kamar '''Kel Logistics Ltd'''. Shari'ar, wacce ke gudana, tana nuna sabunta mayar da hankali kan laifukan tattalin arziki da suka shafi cibiyoyin sarrafawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NPA Fraud Case: Mustapha Hamid, co-accused granted GH¢2m bail each - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/npa-fraud-case-mustapha-hamid-co-accused-granted-gh%c2%a22m-bail-each/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Hukumar Raya Arewa & A&QS Consortium . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adogla-Bessa, Delali |date=2022-07-26 |title=Special Prosecutor probes alleged shady contract at Northern Development Authority |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/07/special-prosecutor-probes-alleged-shady-contract-at-northern-development-authority/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurek |first=Kweku |date=2023-01-24 |title=4 persons involved in Northern Dev. Authority, A&Qs Consortium contract charged by OSP |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/special-prosecutor-recommends-prosecutions-of-4-persons-involved-in-nda-a-qs-consortium-contract.html |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> ==== Ofishin ya binciki rahotanni game da sayarwa da cin hanci da rashawa a NDA. Wannan ya haifar da gurfanar da mutane hudu, ciki har da tsoffin manyan jami'an Hukumar. Shari'ar ta ci gaba da aiki kuma ta kasance mai mahimmanci wajen magance cin hanci da rashawa na ci gaban yanki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-14 |title=Deputy CEO of Northern Development Authority sacked |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/deputy-ceo-of-northern-development-authority-has-been-sacked/mtyt2wm |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar Sayen Jama'a - Ad Vincent Boateng Adjei <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=Adjenim Boateng Adjei: OSP files fresh charges against Former PPA boss |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/osp-files-fresh-charges-against-former-ppa-boss-adjenim-boateng-2.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tsohon Shugaba na PPA, Ad Vincent Boaken Adjei, an tuhume shi da laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa da cin hanci bayan babban bincike da "Kwamitin Sayarwa" ya haifar. Masu gabatar da kara suna neman kafa misali a cikin amincin sayarwa. Ana ci gaba da shari'ar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=CHRAJ's directive for former PPA boss Adjenim Boateng to refund GH¢5.7 million quashed |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/chrajs-directive-for-former-ppa-boss-adjenim-boateng-adjei-to-refund-gh-5-7-million-quashed.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> ==== Kashewa da Kashewa ==== Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman (OSP), tare da hadin gwiwar Sashen Mai Kula da Babban Ma'aikatar (CAGD), sun gudanar da binciken gudanar da albashi na Gwamnati a Yankin Arewa, suna gano yaduwar zamba da ta shafi abin da ake kira "sunayen fatalwa". Binciken ya gano cewa ana biyan albashi da ba a biya ba su ba wanda ya kai GHC 2,854,144.80 ga mutanen da suka mutu, suka yi ritaya, ko suka bar aikinsu. Ta hanyar dakatar da waɗannan biyan kuɗi ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma cire shigarwar zamba daga tsarin, gwamnatin Ghana ta adana GHC 34,249,737.60 a cikin kuɗin biyan kuɗi na shekara ta 2024, tare da irin wannan tanadi da ake sa ran a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. OSP ta gurfanar da mutane shida a Babban Kotun da ke Tamale, gami da masu gudanar da makaranta da jami'an biyan kuɗi. Kowane mutum ya shigar da korafe-korafe masu laifi a karkashin tsarin sulhu na OSP kuma ya sake dawo da Jiha. Fiye da GHC 106,319.64 an dawo da shi wanda ya rufe GHC 86,000 a cikin asarar kai tsaye da ƙarin adadi a cikin maidowa. Shari'o'in sun nuna ci gaba da sadaukarwa don fuskantar cin hanci da rashawa na jama'a a fadin yankuna.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) |title=The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) Ghana |url=https://osp.gov.gh/our_cases/case_profile/14/cases/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=OSP Website |language=en |archive-date=2025-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219125240/http://osp.gov.gh/our_cases/case_profile/14/cases/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=OSP charges six over payroll fraud and corruption in Northern Region |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/osp-charges-six-over-payroll-fraud-and-corruption-in-northern-region.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> ==== Majalisar Majalisa ta Juaben Cin hanci - Sarfo Kantanka ==== Mai gabatar da kara na musamman ya fara shari'a a kan Alexander Sarfo-Kantanka, tsohon dan takarar Babban Jami'in Juaben. Bayan bayyanar yunkurin sayen kuri'a a lokacin tabbatarwarsa, an tuhume shi da cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=Kumasi: High Court orders failed Juaben MCE to open defence |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/04/kumasi-high-court-orders-failed-juaben-mce-to-open-defence/#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=List of individuals OSP has presented for criminal trials since August 2021 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/list-of-individuals-osp-has-presented-for-criminal-trials-since-august-2021.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Bincike Mai Girma === ==== Ken Ofori-Atta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) |title=The Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) Ghana |url=https://osp.gov.gh/our_cases/case_profile/28/cases/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=OSP Website |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316161231/http://osp.gov.gh/our_cases/case_profile/28/cases/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman (OSP) ya fara bincike da yawa game da cin hanci da rashawa a kan tsohon Ministan Kudi '''Kenneth Ofori-Atta''', yana mai da hankali kan zargin cin hanci na kudi a lokacin mulkinsa. Binciken ya rufe manyan fannoni guda biyar: kwangilar tabbatar da kudaden shiga tsakanin Strategic Mobilisation Ghana Ltd da Hukumar Haraji ta Ghana, dakatar da yarjejeniyar ECG-BXC, biyan kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da aikin '''Cathedra na kasa''', sayen ambulances ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Lafiya, da kuma rarraba kudade daga Asusun Haraji na GRA. A watan Fabrairun 2025, OSP ta ayyana Mista Ofori-Atta a matsayin mai tsere daga shari'a bayan ya kasa bin umarnin doka don bayyana don yin tambayoyi. Kungiyar lauyoyinsa ta amsa cewa yana shan magani mara iyaka a kasashen waje. Kodayake lauyoyinsa daga baya sun tabbatar wa OSP hadin gwiwarsa tare da takamaiman ranar da zai koma Ghana, ya kasa cika lokacin da ya biyo baya a watan Yunin 2025, wanda ya haifar da maido da matsayinsa na mai tsere. Sakamakon haka, OSP ta haifar da bayar da '''[[Sanarwar Interpol|Interpol Red Notice]]''' don ba da damar aiwatar da takardar shaidarsa ta duniya. Bugu da kari, Ofishin ya fara aiwatar da mikawa ta hanyar Babban Lauyan, yana neman Gwamnatin Amurka ta mika Mista Ofori-Atta ga Ghana don sauƙaƙe binciken da ke gudana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=Ken Ofori-Atta: Special Prosecutor declares former Finance Minister a wanted fugitive |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ken-ofori-atta-special-prosecutor-declares-former-finance-minister-wanted.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=We declared Ken Ofori-Atta wanted because he ignored multiple invitations – OSP |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/we-declared-ken-ofori-atta-wanted-because-he-ignored-multiple-invitations-osp.html |access-date=2025-02-26 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dwwp3p2n3249l01gl8ee1pytchxk36o 0 118347 840528 724722 2026-05-27T17:32:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kalori shine kalori"''''' magana ce da ake amfani da ita don isar da ra'ayi cewa tushen makamashin abinci yana canzawa. Wannan ra'ayi ya kasance batun muhawara tun fitowar ta a farkon karni na 19. == Tarihi == A cikin 1883, masanin abinci na Jamus Max Rubner ya buga abin da ya kira "dokar isodynamic". <ref name="NYT">{{Cite journal |last=Knowles |first=Harvey C, Jr |date=1957-08-01 |title=Max Rubner 1854 - 1932 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/6/4/369/11890/Max-Rubner-1854-1932 |journal=Diabetes |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=369–371 |doi=10.2337/diab.6.4.369 |issn=0012-1797 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dokar ta yi iƙirarin cewa tushen abinci mai gina jiki shine musayar makamashi . A farkon 1900s, Carl von Noorden ya yi amfani da dokar isodynamic don nazarin kiba kuma ya haɓaka ka'idoji guda biyu akan abin da ya sa mutane su haɓaka kiba. Na farko ya maimaita ra'ayin Rubner cewa "kalori shine kalori". Na biyu yayi da'awar cewa [[kiba]] shine sakamakon yadda jiki ke rarraba adadin kuzari don amfani ko adanawa. Waɗannan ka'idoji masu gasa sun ci gaba da zama tushen jayayya a cikin al'ummomin abinci mai gina jiki da abinci. A cikin thermodynamics, makamashi ba zai iya ƙirƙira ko halakar da shi ba, kawai yana canzawa daga wannan nau'i zuwa wani. A cikin abinci mai gina jiki, makamashin abinci yana nufin makamashi mai narkewa, ba babban kuzari ba. <ref name="AMJCN">{{Cite journal |last=Buchholz |first=Andrea C |last2=Schoeller |first2=Dale A |date=1 May 2004 |title=Is a calorie a calorie? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916522039454 |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=899S–906S |doi=10.1093/ajcn/79.5.899S |pmid=15113737 |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref> Matsayin sha da ''tasirin zafi na abinci'' (TEF) duka suna shafar yawan kuzarin da aka samu ga jiki. Abun sha shine hanyar da jikin ɗan adam ke shigar da kuzari daga abinci. Sha yana faruwa galibi a cikin ƙananan hanji . Wani ɗan ƙaramin adadin sha—wanda ya ƙunshi da farko na ruwa—yana faruwa a cikin babban hanji . Ana amfani da makamashin da aka samo daga abinci don narke shi da daidaita shi, da kuma adana duk wani abincin da ya rage. Kimanin kashi 10% na makamashin da aka samo daga abinci yana ƙonewa azaman zafi, yayin wani tsari da ake kira ''thermogenesis mai haifar da abinci'' (DIT), ''takamaiman aiki mai ƙarfi'' (SDA), ko ''tasirin thermic na abinci'' (TEF). <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2024 |title=Thermic effect of food |url=https://examine.com/outcomes/thermic-effect-of-food/ |access-date=21 October 2025 |archive-date=11 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511204048/https://examine.com/outcomes/thermic-effect-of-food/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == 5o0i93drwstvlu9d9nev1zwzohjguiv 0 118474 840595 835786 2026-05-27T22:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) tarin ka'idojin da aka amince da su a duniya ne don tsabtar da kuma asalin sinadaran abinci. == Yankin da ake ciki == FCC tana da siffofi sama da 1,250, gami da sunadarai masu mahimmanci, [[Processing aid|kayan aiki]], abinci (kamar [[man girki|mai na kayan lambu]], [[fructose]], [[whey]], da [[Amino acid]]), wakilai masu ɗanɗano, [[Vitamin|bitamin]], da sinadaran [[Functional food|abinci mai aiki]] (kamar [[lycopene]], [[olestra]], da gajeren sarkar [[Fructooligosaccharide|fructooligosaccharides]]). Har ila yau, FCC ya ƙunshi sinadaran, kamar su sucrose da mai [[Essential oil|mai mahimmanci]], waɗanda ba a samun su akai-akai a wasu albarkatun abinci masu mahimmanci.<ref name="USPC2">{{Cite web |last=U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention |title=Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) |url=http://www.usp.org/food-ingredients/food-chemicals-codex |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204223100/http://www.usp.org/food-ingredients/food-chemicals-codex |archive-date=4 December 2015 |access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Natural Products Insider |title=New Edition of Food Chemicals Codex Offers New Monographs, Quality Standards |url=http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/news/2014/03/new-edition-of-food-chemicals-codex-offers-new-mo.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428142453/https://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/news/2014/03/new-edition-of-food-chemicals-codex-offers-new-mo.aspx |archive-date=28 April 2017 |access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref> FCC tana ba da mahimman ka'idoji da hanyoyin nazari don tabbatarwa da ƙayyade ingancin sinadaran abinci. Ana amfani da ƙa'idodin FCC a matsayin ƙa'idodin da aka amince da su tsakanin masu samarwa da masana'antun a cikin ci gaba da sayarwa da yanke shawara da ma'amaloli. <ref name="USPC">{{Cite web |last=U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention |title=Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) |url=http://www.usp.org/food-ingredients/food-chemicals-codex |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204223100/http://www.usp.org/food-ingredients/food-chemicals-codex |archive-date=4 December 2015 |access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Perfumer">{{Cite web |last=Perfumer & Flavorist |date=28 October 2008 |title=6th Edition of Food Chemical Codex Now Open-Source |url=http://www.perfumerflavorist.com/flavor/regulatory/29333624.html |access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref> FCC tana da sassa biyu na farko: monographs da kari. An lissafa litattafai a cikin haruffa kuma yawanci suna rufe sinadarin guda ɗaya. Littattafai, inda ya dace, suna ba da bayani game da kowane sinadarin, kamar: <ref name="USPC"/><ref name="Perfumer"/> * Tsarin sinadarai * Tsarin sinadarai * Nauyin kwayar halitta * INS Adadin * Lambar rajista ta CAS * Ayyuka * Ma'anar * Kunshin * Adanawa * Bukatar lakabi * IR spectrum Har ila yau, akwai litattafai da yawa na "iyali", waɗanda ke rufe ƙungiyoyin abubuwa. Wadannan sun hada da "Enzyme Preparations," "Food Starch," da "Spice Oleoresins. " Bugu da ƙari, an haɗa ƙayyadaddun bayanai, wanda ya ƙunshi jerin gwaje-gwaje, hanyoyin gwaje-gaje, da ka'idojin karɓa. Monographs na iya ba da cikakken bayani game da USP Reference Standards da / ko wasu kayan da ake buƙata don aikin gwaji. Abubuwan da aka kara na FCC sun ƙunshi jagora na mataki-mataki don gwajin jiki da na sunadarai gaba ɗaya, da amfani da na'ura, da kuma bayanai masu amfani gabaɗaya, kamar kayan abinci masu kyau.<ref name="USPC"/> An kafa ka'idodin FCC, an kimanta su, kuma an sake su tare da tsananin kimiyya a cikin tsari mai buɗewa, na hadin gwiwa wanda ya shafi masana kimiyya na USP, wakilan gwamnati, ƙwararrun masu sa kai, da shigar jama'a. Kwamitin Kwararru ya amince da ka'idoji wanda ya haɗa da shugabannin fasaha masu ilimi daga masana'antu, ilimi, da hukumomin sarrafawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref name="FCC">{{Cite web |title=Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) {{!}} FCC {{!}} Online |url=https://www.foodchemicalscodex.org/ |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=www.foodchemicalscodex.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin shekarun 1960, kodayake [[Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna|Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Tarayya (FDA)]] ta hanyar ka'idoji da maganganu na al'ada da aka bayyana a cikin sharuddan inganci na gabaɗaya don sunadarai na abinci da aka gane a matsayin aminci (GRAS), ba a buga waɗannan buƙatun a cikin ka'idojin hukuma ba ko kuma an tsara su don su zama cikakke, saboda haka an ƙuntata amfani da su don jagorar gabaɗaya. Saboda wadannan da sauran dalilai, Kwamitin Kare Abinci na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa-Kwamitin Bincike na Kasa ya karɓi buƙatun a cikin 1958 daga Kwamitin Hulɗa na Masana'antu da sauran tushe don aiwatar da aikin da aka tsara don samar da Codex na Chemicals na Abinci wanda ya dace da shi a fannoni da yawa ga Farmacopia na Amurka (USP) da Tsarin Kasa (NF). Dangane da waɗannan buƙatun, an nemi shawara daga kwamitoci na musamman waɗanda suka ƙunshi wakilan masana'antu, hukumomin gwamnati, da sauransu da suka ƙware a cikin aikin USP da NF. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1966, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya (IOM) ta buga wannan fitowar farko ta FCC don FDA. USP ta sami FCC a shekara ta 2006. USP ta fara sigar kan layi ta FCC tun 2008. Ana buga FCC a kowace shekara biyu a cikin bugawa da tsarin kan layi kuma ana miƙa shi azaman biyan kuɗi wanda ya haɗa da babban bugu da ƙarin abubuwan shiga tsakani. Dukkanin ka'idojin da aka gabatar da su da sake dubawa ga FCC an fara buga su ne a cikin kyauta, dandalin FCC na kan layi don lokacin sharhi na jama'a na kwanaki 90. Ya zuwa Mayu 2021, an sake buga FCC sau goma sha biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact of Extended Implementation on FCC Platform Starting on December 1, 2020 until June 1, 2021 {{!}} FCC {{!}} Online |url=https://www.foodchemicalscodex.org/notices/extended-date-implementation-impact-20201120 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=www.foodchemicalscodex.org |archive-date=December 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204224448/https://www.foodchemicalscodex.org/notices/extended-date-implementation-impact-20201120 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Littattafai == FCC 12 yana da sabbin littattafai sama da 80 idan aka kwatanta da FCC 11. Fiye da litattafai 1,250 ciki har da: * Probiotics & prebiotics * Fasahar * Masu Tsaro * Masu daɗi * Fats da mai * Abinci * Duniyoyi * Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a jarirai 18 kari, samar da bayyane, mataki-mataki jagora don fiye da 150 gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gaje ciki har da: * Gwajin iyakar gubar * Rarraba Cin Hanyoyin Abinci Jagora * Jagora kan Ci gaba da Tabbatar da Gwajin da ba a yi niyya ba <ref name="FCC"/> === Buga na farko === Kwamitin Kare Abinci ya fara ne a cikin 1961 don samar da ƙa'idodin inganci na inganci don sunadarai masu inganci. An buga wasu sassan fitowar farko a cikin nau'i-shafi tsakanin 1963 da 1966. Yankin fitowar farko yana iyakance ga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da halayen sunadarai ko daidaitawar halittu waɗanda aka kara kai tsaye ga abinci don yin wasu ayyukan da ake so. An zaɓi irin waɗannan abubuwa daga kayan abinci da aka sani gabaɗaya da aminci, waɗanda aka amince da su ta hanyar takunkumi na baya, da waɗanda ƙa'idodin FDA suka kafa haƙuri na amfani na musamman. === Buga na biyu === Wannan fitowar, dan kadan ya fi na farko girma, ya ƙunshi littattafai 639.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1973 |title=Food chemicals codex, second edition. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications, Food Chemicals, Codex, of the Committee on Food Protection, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20418, 1972. 1039 pp. 15 × 23 cm. Price $20.00 |journal=Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |language=en |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=347–348 |bibcode=1973JPhmS..62..347. |doi=10.1002/jps.2600620247 |issn=1520-6017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Buga na uku === Bayanan da ke cikin wannan fitowar FCC an amince da su a hukumance ba kawai ta FDA ba har ma, a wasu yanayi, ta hukumomin Kanada, Australia, New Zealand da Burtaniya. Wannan fitowar ta nuna bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin tsari daga wanda ya riga shi mai shekaru 9, gami da manyan shafuka da shimfidar shafi biyu. Ƙara sabbin littattafai 113 sun kawo jimlar zuwa 776, wanda ya rufe abubuwa sama da 800. A karo na farko waɗannan sun haɗa da kayan kamar dextrose da fructose, waɗanda aka fi ɗauka a matsayin abinci fiye da kayan karawa. An share littafi guda ɗaya kawai, don maganin sulphate na aluminum, saboda ba a sake amfani da shi a cikin abinci ba. Sashe na rubutun da aka yi a baya mai taken 'Specifications' an canza shi zuwa 'Bukatun', kuma wannan ya haɗa da duk wani gwajin ganewa wanda a baya ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin sashin 'Description'. Sauran canje-canje a cikin wannan fitowar sune hadawa a karo na farko na jagororin Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) don sunadarai na abinci, da kuma watsar da manufofin da suka gabata inda aka yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun abubuwa na mutum don haɗuwa da ainihin abu tare da ƙarin abubuwa kamar magungunan anticaking, Antioxidants da emulsifiers.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 April 1982 |title=Food Chemicals Codex: Food Chemicals Codex 3rd Ed. Committee on Codex Specifications, Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biological Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1981. pp. xxxi + 735, $45.00. |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691582802573 |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=231–232 |doi=10.1016/S0278-6915(82)80257-3 |issn=0278-6915 |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> === Buga na huɗu === An kara sabbin litattafai hamsin da biyu a cikin bugu na uku, suna yin jimlar litattafan 967. A cikin fitowar guda huɗu, an faɗaɗa FCC don haɗawa ba kawai kayan abinci ba, har ma da abubuwan da suka haɗu da abinci da abubuwan da ke abinci (misali fructose da dextrose). Koyaya, an share littattafai uku da suka gabata yanzu (watau carrageenan, cinnamyl antranilate da methyl formate) saboda yanayin da ya canza kuma yanzu an ba da fifiko na musamman kan rage gurbataccen abu, musamman gubar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birch |first=G. |date=1 May 1997 |title=Food chemicals codex: Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, 1996 (4th edn). ISBN 0 309 05394 3. xxxii + 882 pp |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814697867088 |journal=Food Chemistry |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=179–180 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(97)86708-8 |issn=0308-8146 |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> === Buga na shida === Wannan fitowar ita ce ta farko a karkashin jagorancin USP. Wannan fitowar ta ƙunshi fiye da 1,000 monograph standards da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ainihi, inganci da tsabtar sinadaran abinci.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=18 March 2008 |title=U.S. Pharmacopeia Releases New Edition of the Food Chemicals Codex |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A366511278/AONE?u=ustrath&sid=AONE&xid=fe927be7 |journal=Science Letter |language=English |pages=514 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> === Buga na takwas === Wannan fitowar ta ba da izini: * Fiye da 1,100 monographs, wanda ya haɗa da tsarin sunadarai da tsari, nauyin sunadarai, aiki, ma'anar, marufi da ajiya, buƙatun lakabi, hanyoyin gwaji da ƙari. * Abubuwan da suka shafi goma sha huɗu, waɗanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da gwaje-gwaje da gwaje'o'i sama da 150, tare da jagora na mataki-mataki don nazarin enzymes, ƙazanta kamar ƙarfe da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da alamomi don gwaji gaskiya, da sauransu. * Bayani na gaba ɗaya, wanda ya haɗa da bayanai masu dacewa game da batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da Jagororin GMP don Kayan Abinci, teburin kwatankwacin abinci da magunguna GMPs, tebur na ambaton inda aka haɗa FCC ta hanyar ambato a cikin Dokar Tarayyar Amurka, AOAC International / International Organization for Standardization (ISO) / International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) jagororin tabbatarwa, da gabatarwa masu taimako a cikin hanyoyin bincike daban-daban. Wannan fitowar kuma tana nuna a karo na farko cikakken abubuwan da ke cikin USP mai zuwa Food Fraud Database. Bayanan bayanan yana da shigarwa sama da 1,300 a kan masu lalata da aka ruwaito don takamaiman sinadaran da kuma hanyar ganowa ta nazari. Dangane da rubuce-rubucen ilimi da labaran kafofin watsa labarai daga 1980-2010, yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen batutuwan zamba kuma yana iya zama kayan aiki mai amfani don sarrafa haɗari ga masana'antu, masu sarrafawa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=8 March 2012 |title=-USP - New Edition of Food Chemicals Codex Offers Standards to Help Ensure Quality, Purity of Innovative and Widely Used Ingredients |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A282400379/AONE?u=ustrath&sid=AONE&xid=a14f42fa |journal=ENP Newswire |language=English |access-date=21 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Buga na tara === Buga na tara ya haɗa da sabbin bayanai game da ainihi da tsabtar kusan sinadaran abinci 1,200, gami da hanyoyin gwaji da mahimman jagora kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci. Among the new monographs in the FCC is spirulina, a food ingredient that was just recently{{When|date=November 2020}} approved as a natural source of blue colour for candy and chewing gum by the US FDA. Formulators also use spirulina in specialty food bars, powdered nutritional drinks, among other products due to its non-animal protein content. Wani littafi da aka haɗa a cikin wannan fitowar FCC shine baƙar fata PN mai haske, launi na abinci na roba da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfuran da ke buƙatar launi baƙar fata a cikin tsari (james, cakulan syrup da alewa misalai ne na yau da kullun). Kodayake FDA ba ta amince da PN baƙar fata mai haske a matsayin launi na abinci a Amurka ba, a halin yanzu an amince da amfani da shi a cikin abinci a wasu ƙasashe da yawa. === Buga na goma sha huɗu === Ya zuwa tsakiyar 2024, sabon fitowar ita ce ta 14. == Aikace-aikacen == An ambaci FCC sama da sau 200 a cikin Dokar Dokokin Tarayya ta Amurka kuma hukumomin da ke kewaye da duniya sun amince da ita ciki har da Amurka, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Kanada, Isra'ila, New Zealand, Paraguay, da Uruguay.<ref name="FCC"/> == Dangantaka == === JECFA === Ana amfani da FCC da ka'idoji daga Kwamitin Kwararru na FAO / WHO kan Additives na Abinci (JEFCA) a duk faɗin duniya. FCC ya fi cikakkiyar tarin kuma ya haɗa da sinadaran da JECFA ba ta la'akari da su ba. Fiye da haka, FCC wani tarin ne ga duk sinadaran abinci, yayin da JECFA ke la'akari da "abin da aka kara abinci" kawai don a haɗa shi a cikin tarin. Misalan abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin FCC, amma ba a cikin ƙa'idodin JECFA ba, su ne man soya, sucrose, fructose, da sodium chloride - abubuwan da JECFA ta ɗauka su zama abinci ko sinadaran abinci, amma ba "ƙarin abinci ba". Bugu da ƙari, FCC ta yi la'akari da haɗa mai mai mahimmanci, sinadaran abinci masu aiki, da sinadaran GRAS-Notified da GRAS-da suka ƙayyade kansu. Yawancin sinadaran da FCC ke kunshe da su suna samar da tarin ga masana'antar abinci wanda galibi ana ɗaukarsa cikakke kuma mafi amfani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQs: Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) {{!}} USP |url=https://www.usp.org/frequently-asked-questions/food-chemicals-codex-fcc |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=www.usp.org |language=en}}</ref> === Girma === A matsayin jerin abubuwan abinci da ba sa buƙatar sake dubawa ta FDA don tabbatar da amincinsu, FDA ce ke tsara jerin GRAS kai tsaye kuma tana sabunta su. A shekara ta 1997 FDA ta kammala cewa ba za ta iya ba da albarkatu masu yawa ga tsarin takardar shaidar GRAS ba. A sakamakon haka, FDA ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Sanarwar GRAS don sabunta jerin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nutrition |first=Center for Food Safety and Applied |date=11 February 2020 |title=How U.S. FDA's GRAS Notification Program Works |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/how-us-fdas-gras-notification-program-works |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926011759/https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/how-us-fdas-gras-notification-program-works |archive-date=September 26, 2019 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=FDA |language=en}}</ref> Ana nazarin ka'idodin FCC kuma masana masu zaman kansu ne suka amince da su. Dukkanin ka'idojin da aka gabatar da su da sake dubawa ga FCC an fara buga su ne a cikin kyauta, dandalin FCC na kan layi don lokacin sharhi na jama'a na kwanaki 90.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FCC Publication and Comment Schedule {{!}} FCC {{!}} Online |url=https://www.foodchemicalscodex.org/fcc-forum/publication-comment-schedule |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=www.foodchemicalscodex.org |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204225118/https://www.foodchemicalscodex.org/fcc-forum/publication-comment-schedule |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * ''Codex Alimentarius'' * Abincin abinci * Dokar Abinci, Magunguna, da Kayan shafawa ta Tarayya * Abinci Additives Amendment na 1958 * [[Dokar Kula da Tsaro ta Abinci ta FDA]] * An san shi da aminci * Kwamitin Kwararru na FAO / WHO kan Abinci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p9hwrf5jcf0nm3l34l4hbgtlwkz205s 0 120820 840490 793532 2026-05-27T16:49:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Don't You Let Me Go (Spanish) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Uruguay na 2024 wanda Ana Guevara da Leticia Jorge suka rubuta kuma suka ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Durand |first=Sofía |title=“Agarrame fuerte”: la amistad y el duelo desde el lente de Leticia Jorge y Ana Guevara |url=https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Beat/-Agarrame-fuerte--la-amistad-y-el-duelo-desde-el-lente-de-Leticia-Jorge-y-Ana-Guevara-uc907110 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Beat |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez |first=Eduardo Gil |date=2024-12-28 |title="Agárrame fuerte" nominada a Mejor película iberoamericana en Los Goya |url=https://cinemagavia.es/agarrame-fuerte-pelicula-estreno-premios-goya/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Cinemagavia |language=es}}</ref> Shirin Chiara Hourcade, Victoria Jorge da Eva Dans, ya biyo bayan baƙin ciki na [[yarinya]] bayan mutuwar abokinta mafi kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-09 |title=La uruguaya 'Agárrame fuerte' indaga en el duelo en su paso por el festival de Tribeca |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2024/06/09/la-uruguaya-agarrame-fuerte-indaga-en-el-duelo-en-su-paso-por-el-festival-de-tribeca/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-09 |title=Agarrame fuerte es la cinta uruguaya que fue al Tribeca |url=https://www.ultimahora.com/agarrame-fuerte-es-la-cinta-uruguaya-que-fue-al-tribeca |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Última Hora |language=es}}</ref> Fim din ya fara fitowa a [[Duniyar terrestrial stilling|duniya]] a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca na 23 a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2024, inda aka girmama shi da kyautar Nora Ephron . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staricco |first=Pablo |date=2024-06-13 |title=Cineastas uruguayas ganan el Premio Nora Ephron en el Festival de Tribeca por la película ‘Agarrame fuerte’ |url=https://www.busqueda.com.uy/vida-cultural/cineastas-uruguayas-ganan-el-premio-nora-ephron-el-festival-tribeca-la-pelicula-agarrame-fuerte-n5391603 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Búsqueda |language=es-PA}}</ref> An sake shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Uruguay a ranar 24 ga Oktoba. An kuma zaba shi a matsayin shigarwar Uruguay don [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya]] a 98th Academy Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |title=“Perros” y “Agarrame fuerte” son las películas seleccionadas a representar a Uruguay en los Premios Goya y los Óscar 2026 |url=https://www.acau.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/498/1/acau/%E2%80%9Cperros%E2%80%9D-y-%E2%80%9Cagarrame-fuerte%E2%80%9D-son-las-peliculas-seleccionadas-a-representar-a-uruguay-en-los-premios-goya-y-los-oscar-2026.html |website=Agencia del Cine y el Audiovisual del Uruguay}}</ref> == Bayani game da shi == Adela, wata mace mai shekaru 39, ta sha wahala daga asarar abokiyarta mafi kyau, Elena. A lokacin farkawa, tana jin an cire ta daga al'adun gargajiya, ta fahimci wauta ta yi ban kwana da wani ƙaunatacce. Da baƙin ciki ya cinye ta, Adela ta fara tafiya a baya a cikin lokaci: kaka shekaru goma da suka gabata, inda abokiyarta ke jiran raba lokaci tare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Película uruguaya “Agarrame fuerte” se presenta en Quito |url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/embajada-republica-oriental-del-uruguay-ecuador/novedades-eventos/pelicula-uruguaya-agarrame-fuerte |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |language=es}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * Chiara Hourcade a matsayin Adela * Victoria Jorge a matsayin Elena * Eva Dans a matsayin Luci * Fernando Amaral a matsayin mai tsaro == Fitarwa == Babban daukar hoto ya faru ne a 2022 a Balneario Solís, Maldonado . <ref>{{Cite web |title="Agárrame fuerte" filmará en Balneario Solís |url=https://www.maldonado.gub.uy/noticias/agarrame-fuerte-filmara-balneario-solis |website=Intendencia Maldonado}}</ref> == Saki == . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=The Diplomat starts 28th February on Alibi |url=https://corporate.uktv.co.uk/news/article/the-diplomat-28th-february-alibi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216153635/https://corporate.uktv.co.uk/news/article/the-diplomat-28th-february-alibi/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |website=UKTV Press Office}}</ref>3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Todo lo que hay que saber del 21° Festival Piriápolis de Película |url=https://www.escribiendocine.com/noticias/2024/10/15/18538-todo-lo-que-hay-que-saber-del-21-festival-piriapolis-de-pelicula |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=EscribiendoCine |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=Don’t You Let Me Go |url=https://sgiff.com/film/dont-you-let-me-go/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Singapore International Film Festival |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918054434/https://sgiff.com/film/dont-you-let-me-go/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agarrame fuerte |url=https://bafici.org/pelicula/agarrame-fuerte/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema |language=es-AR |archive-date=2025-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216154709/https://bafici.org/pelicula/agarrame-fuerte/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da fim din ne a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2024, a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mántaras de la Orden |first=Patricia |date=2024-10-24 |title=Agarrame fuerte, la película uruguaya premiada en Tribeca, es un retrato de la amistad que desafía el tiempo |url=https://www.busqueda.com.uy/tiempo-libre/agarrame-fuerte-la-pelicula-uruguaya-premiada-tribeca-es-un-retrato-la-amistad-que-desafia-el-tiempo-n5393924 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Búsqueda |language=es-PA}}</ref> == Godiya gaisuwa == == Dubi kuma == * Jerin abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta 98 don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya * Jerin abubuwan da Uruguay suka gabatar don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya == Manazarta == 5xcej4w5ss3jf998o454294toej9u2e 0 121774 841483 741180 2026-05-28T11:25:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Yoruba''' ta kasance kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta ba, mai zaman lafiya, mai zaman kansa, mai fannoni da yawa da aka kafa don kula da ci gaba da ci gaban yaren Yorùbá, zane-zane, da al'adu, ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tare da malamai, 'yan siyasa,' yan kasuwa da masana a cikin yaren Yoruba, al'adu. An kafa shi a [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], [[Najeriya]] a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 biyo bayan koma baya na matasa masu sana'a na [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]]. Ana tallafawa ta hanyar kudade masu zaman kansu daga mutane da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gami da kungiyar sabuntawa ta Afẹ́nifé́re . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Tunde |date=October 28, 2007 |title=Nigeria: Yoruba Leaders Seek Cultural Rejuvenation |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200710290528.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> Babban aikinta shine tabbatar da adanawa da sake farfado da [[Yarbanci|Harshen Yoruba]] da kuma ci gaban zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na [[Yarbawa|Mutanen Yoruba]] a duk duniya - wato, a cikin ƙasarsu ta Kudu maso Yamma a Najeriya da Diaspora. == Tarihi == Kwalejin ta kasance ta hanyar kungiyoyi biyu daban-daban da ke aiki don manufa ɗaya a lokuta daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin su ne tsohon ministan ilimi Farfesa [[Babatunde Fafunwa|Babátúndé Fáfúnwá]] da Farfesa W solar solar solarôle, kuma wani lokacin da, a cikin 2007, ƙungiyar dattawan Yoruba suka taru a [[Cibiyar Aikin Gona ta Duniya]] a [[Ibadan]] don tattauna makomar yaren. An ba da shawarar cewa a haɗa ƙoƙarin biyu kuma a kira su The Yoruba Academy . An zabi Farfesa Fáfúnwa a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Amintattun na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-02 |title=Yoruba Leaders, others gather to launch Yoruba Academy |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/02/02/yoruba-leaders-others-gather-to-launch-yoruba-academy/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref> Manufar makarantar ita ce kula da yaren [[Yarbanci|Yorùbá]] a duk duniya, ba da shawara ga manufofi waɗanda za su tabbatar da rayuwarsu da sake farfadowa, shirya ayyukan da abubuwan da suka faru don ci gaba da waɗannan manufofi, da tallafawa ƙirƙirar ƙamus don saita ma'auni ga yaren Yoruba. Kwalejin, ta wannan hanyar, an tsara ta ne bayan {{Lang|fr|[[Académie Française]]}}, babban majalisa na harshen Faransanci, Goethe-Institut da [[Confucius Institute|Cibiyar Confucius]]. == Dokar Kwalejin == Dangane da takardun kafa ta, Kwalejin [[Yarbanci|Yorùbá]] za ta: * Ajiye, wadata da inganta al'adun Yorùbá, al'adunsu, al'adu, ɗabi'a da dabi'u * Ka zurfafa ilimi da fahimtar yaren Yorùbá da al'adu kuma ka yi aiki don kiyaye shi * Takardar gudummawar Yorùbá ga wayewar duniya * Karfafawa da inganta ci gaba da samun ilimi da gudanar da ilimi don jagorantar ci gaban Yorùbá * Inganta tallafin ilimi wanda ke mai da hankali kan magance kalubalen ci gaban Yorùbá da kuma kirkiro don amfanin jama'a * Shirya manufofin ci gaban dabarun Yorùbá * Inganta cibiyoyin al'adu, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki * Shirya musayar al'adu da fasaha tsakanin Yorùbá a cikin gida da Yorùbá da ke Diaspora: * Gudanar da wasu ayyukan da ke inganta hangen nesa da manufa na Kwalejin Yorùbá == Abubuwan da suka faru a baya == Kwalejin ta shirya abubuwan da suka faru, tattaunawa, da ayyukan tunawa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta. A cikin 2016, ya kawo dukkan sarakuna da gwamnoni na Yorùbá zuwa Ibadan don yin bikin "120th Jubilee of World's Longest Civil War" <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2016-09-22 |title=South-west Govs, Monarchs Mark 120th Jubilee of World's Longest Civil War Friday |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/09/22/south-west-govs-monarchs-mark-120th-jubilee-of-worlds-longest-civil-war-friday/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2016-10-10 |title=Politics of Hair |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/10/10/politics-of-hair/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraktoci == Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Kwamitin Amintattun, da ƙungiyar 'yan Kwalejin da Ma'aikata da aka zaba daga tafkin masu sana'a a duniya suna tallafawa makarantar. Darakta ne ke jagoranta wanda aka nada shi don aiki na shekaru da yawa. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, tana da daraktoci huɗu. * [[Wale Adebanwi|Farfesa W solar Adébánwí]] (2008-2011) * Dokta Ìyábọ̀ Basir (2011-2012) * Dokta Adéagbo (2012-2018) * Kwamãar da wani abu mai suna "Tubãsún" (2020-2021). == Haɗin waje == * [https://yorubaacademy.org/ Shafin yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812234513/https://yorubaacademy.org/ |date=2025-08-12 }} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1l0n02j68mumrf4crap724rw2jwkcii 0 122202 840632 743220 2026-05-28T01:58:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Narumi Kurosaki''' wata mace ce ta ƙasar Japan wacce ta ɓace a garin Besançon, Faransa, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016 kuma an yarda da cewa an kashe ta. Wanda ake zargi da kasheta shine Nicolás Zepeda, tsohon saurayinta ne daga Chile, wanda ta sadu da shi a lokacin da take karatu a Japan kuma ta rabu da shine watanni biyu kafin bacewarta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ayala |first=L. |last2=Siredey |first2=F. |last3=Velasquez |first3=F. |date=2017-02-18 |title=Las huellas que conducen a Nicolás |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/las-huellas-que-conducen-a-nicolas/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=[[La Tercera]] |language=es}}</ref> Yanayin ƙasashen na shari'ar ya sami kulawa mai muhimmanci, yayin da hukumomi daga nahiyoyi uku - Faransa (Yuropa), Japan (Asia), da Chile (Kudancin Amurka) - suka shiga cikin tsarin shari'a.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=Chilean denies murder of Japanese ex in high-profile French trial |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/03/30/national/crime-legal/chilean-denies-murder-japanese-ex/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330102057/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/03/30/national/crime-legal/chilean-denies-murder-japanese-ex/ |archive-date=2022-03-30 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=[[The Japan Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-29 |title='True crime' has gone global in murder plot spanning 3 continents |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/lifestyle/true-crime-has-gone-global-murder-plot-spanning-3-continents |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=[[The Phnom Penh Post]] |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630015957/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/lifestyle/true-crime-has-gone-global-murder-plot-spanning-3-continents |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-29 |title=Murder case across three continents: Japan's Narumi Kurosaki |url=https://www.wionews.com/world/murder-case-across-three-continents-japans-narumi-kurosaki-466595 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> ev079rcmoz6w2y9osj9dw7cffjaxmxl 0 122802 840629 745593 2026-05-28T01:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Marie Gerow''' (/dʒɜːroʊ/) (Fabrairu 18, 1960 - {{Circa}} Afrilu 6, 1981), wanda aka fi sani da Pima County Jane Doe, ta kasance Amurka ce da ba a san ta ba wanda aka kashe a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1981. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, an ba da hoto na Sake fasalin fuska wanda aka azabtar wanda ya haifar da gano Gerow a shekara mai zuwa. An binne ta a ƙarƙashin dutse mai suna "Jane Doe" tare da kalmar "{{Abbr|UNK|unknown}} - 1981". Jikin Gerow ya kasance ba a san shi ba har tsawon shekaru 34 har sai an sanar da cewa an gano gawarwakinta. == Rashin aiki da kisan kai == Gerow, babba daga cikin 'yan uwanta, ta ɓace a watan Yulin 1980 bayan ta tafi tare da John "Jack" Kalhauser, saurayinta a lokacin. Ta yi aiki a wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma a matsayin mai shayarwa a wani wuri a Dracut, Massachusetts, sau da yawa masu tuka keke ke zuwa. Ta ci gaba da hulɗa da dangi kuma a wani lokaci ta kira gida tana mai cewa za ta dawo, duk da haka ba ta taɓa yin hakan ba. Iyalinta sun yi ƙoƙari su ba da rahoton bacewarta, duk da haka 'yan sanda na yankin sun ki ba da hadin kai, saboda gaskiyar cewa ta girma ne lokacin da ta ɓace. An gano gawar wata farar mace a cikin hamada a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1981, a Tucson, Pima County, [[Arizona]], kusa da Houghton Road da Interstate 10. <ref name="namus">{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2012 |title=NamUs UP # 10566 |url=https://identifyus.org/cases/10566 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222050733/https://identifyus.org/cases/10566 |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=December 22, 2014 |website=identifyus.org |publisher=[[National Missing and Unidentified Persons System]]}}</ref> Masu farauta ne suka gano gawarwakinta da ke tuki a cikin hamada wadanda suka ga jaket da ke rataye daga itace sannan suka kalli yankin kuma suka gano jikinta yana kwance a ƙasa.<ref name="sheriff">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=Jane Doe #3 |url=http://www.pimasheriff.org/prevention/cold-case1/?ref_cID=2578&bID=8174&dd_asId=61630 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506074851/http://www.pimasheriff.org/prevention/cold-case1/?ref_cID=2578&bID=8174&dd_asId=61630 |archive-date=6 May 2015 |access-date=21 January 2015 |publisher=Pima County Sheriff Department}}</ref> Wanda aka azabtar matashi ne, tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 22.<ref name="ncmec" /> Binciken gawa ya tabbatar da cewa ta mutu kwana daya da rabi zuwa kwana biyu kafin a gano jikinta kuma dalilin mutuwarta shine maƙurewa ta hanyar ɗaurewa. An yi mata duka sosai, ban da cin zarafin jima'i.{{Convert|5|ft|2|in|m}}<ref name="sheriff"/><ref name="network">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2013 |title=Case File: 1058UFAZ |url=http://doenetwork.org/cases/1058ufaz.html |access-date=December 22, 2014 |website=doenetwork.org |publisher=[[The Doe Network]]}}</ref> Lokacin da aka same ta, jikinta yana cikin yanayin lalacewa wanda ya sa ba a iya gane ta da sauƙi kuma ba a tantance launi na idonta ba. Masanin ilimin cututtuka wanda ya bincika ta ya iya tantance cewa tana da fata mai haske da kuma dogon, launin ruwan kasa zuwa gashi mai launin ruwan kasa. Har ila yau, wanda aka azabtar yana da farar fata a daya daga cikin hakoran gabanta na sama.<ref name="namus"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pima Arizona Jane Doe April 1981 |url=http://canyouidentifyme.org/PimaArizonaJaneDoeApril1981 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=canyouidentifyme.org |archive-date=26 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826105635/http://canyouidentifyme.org/PimaArizonaJaneDoeApril1981 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da kimanin 5 in (1.57 zuwa 3 in (1.60 m) tsawo kuma tana da nauyin kimanin 100-110 fam (45-50 a lokacin mutuwarta. <ref name="ncmec">{{Cite web |title=Jane Doe 1981 |url=http://www.missingkids.org/poster/NCMU/1204413/1#poster |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430210409/https://www.missingkids.org/poster/NCMU/1204413/1#poster |archive-date=April 30, 2023 |access-date=December 22, 2014 |website=missingkids.org |publisher=[[National Center for Missing & Exploited Children]]}}</ref><ref name="here" /> Ƙarin shaidu a wurin na iya hurawa saboda iskõki. Jikinta an yi ado da jeans, fararen takalma tare da pom poms mai ruwan hoda, fararen bra, blue pantties, takalma masu launin ruwan kasa da kuma rigar musamman wacce ta kasance blue blue tare da jan fure.<ref name="namus"/> An gano jaket dinim rataye a cikin burodi kusa da jikin.<ref name="sheriff"/> == Bincike == An dauki hoton wurin aikata laifuka kuma masu tilasta bin doka sun tashi sama da yankin don ɗaukar ƙarin hotuna da neman ƙarin alamomi. Rugujewar jiki ba ta ci gaba sosai ba don canza yatsanta gaba ɗaya, wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauka. An sami bayanan haƙori tare da, shekaru bayan haka, DNA dinta.<ref name="namus"/> An cire Bayanan DNA daga wani mutum daga tufafinta a shekara ta 2006, wanda ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar bayanan DNA na wanda ake zargi bayan nazarin samfurin a shekara ta 2007. A lokacin da aka gano wanda aka kashe, hukumomi a Tucson ba su iya samun yatsan yatsa ba. A kokarin samun yatsan yatsa, an cire hannayen wanda aka azabtar daga jikin kuma an tura su [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]]. Duk da yake FBI ta yi nasara wajen samun yatsan yatsa, ba su dace da duk wani mutanen da suka ɓace a cikin fayil ko kuma duk wanda aka kama saboda laifi ba. An kwatanta shari'ar da shari'o'in mutane da yawa da suka ɓace amma duk an cire su.<ref name="here" /><ref name="namus" /> Ga masu bincike, salon wasu tufafinta ya nuna cewa tana iya shiga cikin baje kolin gundumar da ya faru a lokacin kisan ta.<ref name="here" /><ref name="network" /> Hotuna na tufafin wanda aka azabtar an nuna su a shafukan yanar gizo, Cibiyar Nazarin Yara da suka ɓace ta Kasa, da kuma a cikin rahotanni na labarai, a kokarin gano ta. Wanda aka azabtar yana tafiya ko gudu a cikin wani yanki mai itatuwa kafin mutuwarta, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar gogewa a jikinta. <ref name="here" /> <ref name="network"/> An kirkiro wani zane "marasa kyau" na wanda aka azabtar bayan bincikenta. An saki shi ga jama'a a talabijin da jaridu, duk da haka wanda aka azabtar ba a san shi ba a yankin. Bayan binciken jikin mutum na shekarar 2012, an sake ginawa fuskar wanda aka azabtar ta hanyar dijital bayan an bincika kwanyar ta ta hanyar CT scan. Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Kasa da Yara da suka ɓace da kuma Yi amfani da su ce ta dauki nauyin binciken don ƙirƙirar kusanci da siffofin fuska da bayyanar lokacin da wanda aka azabtar yana da rai. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da rayuwar da mutuwar wanda aka azabtar. Masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa ta kasance mai gudu tun tana yarinya kafin ta zama babba, mai yiwuwa an nisanta da dangi, an kashe ta a wani wuri kuma an zubar da ita a wani wuri daban, ko kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Tucson daga wani wuri.<ref name="network"/> Da farko a cikin binciken, an yi la'akari da cewa tana iya zama wanda aka azabtar da shi a lokacin da ba a san shi ba, wanda ya koma kudu tun lokacin da ya fara aikin aikata laifuka a tsakiyar shekarun 1970. === Ƙoƙarin baya da ganewa === A shekara ta 1995, yayin da yake "gina shari'a" a kan Kalhauser don zargin kai hari, an sami hoto na wata budurwa mai gashi mai haske tana riƙe da bouquet a hannunsa. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, 'yan sanda sun ba da sanarwar cewa sun yi imanin cewa hoton yana da alaƙa da shari'ar Pima County Jane Doe kuma sun saki shi ga jama'a.<ref name="CBSboston" /> Matar da ke cikin hoton ta yi kama da sake gina wanda aka azabtar da kuma bayanin jikinta. An yi imanin cewa an dauki hoton ne tsakanin 1979 da 1981, kuma ya dace da lokacin da aka sami Jane Doe. Kalhauser ya ki bayyana matar a cikin hoton. An rarraba hoton matar da ba a san ta ba ga jama'a a ƙarshen 2014 bayan hukumomi sun haɗa shi da sake ginawa. Hukumomi sun lura cewa yanayin baya ya bayyana daga wani wuri a gabashin kasar, mai yiwuwa tsohon wurin shakatawa a Tyngsboro, Massachusetts.<ref name="newser2" /> A ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, 2014, ɗan'uwanta, Bill Gerow Jr., ya sami sanarwar daga 'yan sanda cewa mace a cikin hoton na iya zama' yar'uwarsa. Ba a ga Gerow ba tun 1980, lokacin da take da shekaru 20, bayan ta bar jihar da son rai tare da Kalhauser, wanda take da dangantaka da shi. An ruwaito cewa ta sadu da Kalhauser a wani kulob din dare.<ref name="newser1" /> Ba ta taɓa bayyana dalilin tafiyarta ba, kodayake iyalinta sun yi imanin cewa ta "tsere". Ɗan'uwanta ya bayyana cewa ta kira shi kusan makonni biyu zuwa uku bayan haka yayin da yake New Mexico. Bayan wannan, ba a sake jin ta ba, kodayake iyalinta sun ci gaba da kokarin gano ta. Gerow ba za a iya bayar da rahoton bacewar ta a hukumance ba saboda ta wuce shekaru 18 kuma a bayyane ta tafi da kanta.<ref name="speaks" /> Kalhauser yana da alaƙa da Arizona kuma an yi imanin cewa ya kashe matarsa, Diane Van Reeth, a cikin 1995; yana zaune a ƙarƙashin sunan da aka ɗauka a lokacin mutuwar matarsa. Kodayake ba a taɓa samun jikin Van Reeth ba, daga baya aka yanke wa Kalhauser hukunci kan kisan ta a 1999 <ref name="newser1" /> . Sauran abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin aikata laifuka na Kalhauser sun haɗa da yanke masa hukunci saboda kisan Paul Chapman na 1974 da kuma tuhumar shi da yunkurin kisan wani mutum a shekarar 1979. Bayan tuhumar da aka yi masa game da shari'ar 1979, Kalhauser ya tsallake beli kuma ya gudu bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku.<ref name="newser1" /> Lokacin da ya auri Diane Van Reeth a Nevada, ya yi amfani da sunan ƙarya don kauce wa ganowa. An yanke wa Kalhauser hukuncin shekaru 20 a kurkuku a Arizona biyo bayan da aka yanke masa hukunci kan kisan kai na biyu. <ref name="cracked" /> Rubuce-rubucen kurkuku na Arizona sun nuna cewa ya kammala hukuncinsa a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pima Arizona Jane Doe April 1981 |url=http://canyouidentifyme.org/PimaArizonaJaneDoeApril1981 |access-date=21 January 2015 |website=canyouidentifyme.org |archive-date=26 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826105635/http://canyouidentifyme.org/PimaArizonaJaneDoeApril1981 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2015, an saki bayani cewa an gano jikin wanda ba a san shi ba a matsayin Gerow a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, kuma za a mayar da jikinta ga dangin. An gano ta hanyar kwatanta DNA na iyali idan aka kwatanta da na wanda aka azabtar. Mahaifin Gerow, William Sr., ya bayyana cewa bai fahimci wani dalili na mutuwar 'yarsa ba. Kalhauser an dauke shi mutum ne mai sha'awar kisan; 'yan sanda sun nemi bayani daga duk wanda ya san Kalhauser da Gerow a ƙarshen 1970s ko farkon 1980s. <ref name="lowell2" /> Bayan da iyalin suka karbi gawar, an ƙone jikin. A cikin 2017, an nuna shari'ar Gerow da Van Reeth a karo na biyu na Who Killed Jane Doe? a kan Binciken Bincike. Ɗan'uwanta da mahaifinta sun ba da tambayoyi. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace: kafin 2000 * Jerin kisan da ba a warware su ba (1980-1999) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4meeni2fn6ga79vslt2vkpgsn2kn6zb 0 122961 840994 759941 2026-05-28T06:53:59Z Nura Bello 24854 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346751242|Ugezu J. Ugezu]]" 840994 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ugezu Jideofor Ugezu Listenⓘ ƙwararren da aka fi sani da '''Ugezu J. Ugezu''' darektan Najeriya ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da kuma furodusa. Ugezu kuma mawaki ne kuma mawaƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gift |first=Ama |date=2020-08-21 |title=A Woman who Dresses Naked in the name of Fashion is Classless and Stupid - Actor Ugezu |url=https://www.gistreel.com/a-woman-who-dresses-naked-in-the-name-of-fashion-is-classless-and-stupid-actor-ugezu/ |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=Gistreel |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundiata |first=Post |date=2018-01-18 |title=2019 Nollywood Actor Ugezu J Ugezu declares for president |url=https://sundiatapost.com/2019-nollywood-actor-ugezu-j-ugezu-declares-for-president/ |website=SundiataPost |language=en-GB}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundiata |first=Post |date=2018-01-18 |title=2019 Nollywood Actor Ugezu J Ugezu declares for president |url=https://sundiatapost.com/2019-nollywood-actor-ugezu-j-ugezu-declares-for-president/ |website=SundiataPost |language=en-GB}}</ref>After he completed his primary school education, he went to Community Secondary School, Umueze Anam from 1982 to 1985 and also went to Fr. Joseph High School, Aguleri from 1986 to 1988 where he completed his secondary school education and obtained his senior school .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundiata |first=Post |date=2018-01-18 |title=2019 Nollywood Actor Ugezu J Ugezu declares for president |url=https://sundiatapost.com/2019-nollywood-actor-ugezu-j-ugezu-declares-for-president/ |website=SundiataPost |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ugezu J. Ugezu ya sami shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu da aka fi sani da ESUT . A cikin wannan ma'aikatar ne ya sami digiri na farko a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gift |date=2022-08-21 |title=Ugezu J. Ugezu Biography & Life Story, 2024 Net Worth |url=https://hiphopkit.com/biography/ugezu-j-ugezu/ |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=HipHopKit |language=en}}</ref> Ugezu J. Ugezu ya kasance mai aiki a masana'antar [[Nollywood]] tun daga shekara ta 2000 kuma ya fito a fina-finai sama da 100.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mcdonald |first=Harrison |date=2021-04-20 |title=Actor, Ugezu J. Ugezu opposes Tonto Dikeh's call for Nigerians to get involved in Akuapem Poloo's case l |url=https://www.gistreel.com/actor-ugezu-j-ugezu-opposes-tonto-dikehs-call-for-nigerians-to-get-involved-in-akuapem-poloos-case/ |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=Gistreel |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * Babu wani abu don komai (2005) kamar yadda Bitrus ya * ''An yi shi a Cambridge'' (2006) a matsayin Yakubu * Yara maza daga Holland (2006) a matsayin Patrick * Wawaye a kan gudu (2007) * Alloli suna da hikima (2008) * Masu yin ruwan sama (2009) a matsayin Donald * Mugun magudi (2010) a matsayin Moore * Amnesty (2011) a matsayin Uche * Gidajen Rana (2011) a matsayin Firist * ''Ginin Yarjejeniya'' (2012) * Ƙarshen yana kusa (2012) * ''Lokacin Ceto'' (2014) * Dust ɗin Kabari (2015) * Echoes of Love (2016) a matsayin Udo Obodo * ''Akweke'' (2016) a matsayin Akpati Nsiegbe * ''Da'irar Wuta'' (2017) * Kyakkyawan Ƙananan (2017) Janar Mai Kula * Waɗuwar 'Yar'uwa (2018) * Destinies (2019) a matsayin Francis * ''Sarki Mai Aminci'' (2020) * ''Firayim Minista'' (2022) * Scaret Chance (2022) a matsayin Ichie Echezona * ''Gimbiya ita ce nawa'' (2022) * ''Kungiyar Jama'a'' (2007) {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] 3jfad377juzqagdv8emjvrndjub1e0k 0 124144 840634 828087 2026-05-28T02:09:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Una Crown (1926/1927 - 13 Janairu 2013) mace ce mai shekaru 86 da aka kashe a gidanta a Wisbech a Cambridgeshire, Ingila, a cikin 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Da farko an bi da mutuwarta a matsayin mara kyau, amma bayan-mortem ya kammala cewa ta mutu daga raunuka a wuyanta da kirji. Akalla an kama wanda ake zargi daya amma babu wani mutum da aka tuhuma. Rikicin shari'ar da kuma yarda da gazawar 'yan sanda a cikin binciken kisan kai ya kawo hankalin kasa ga shari'ar. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2025, an sami David Newton da laifin kisan ta. == Tarihi == Crown ta kasance mai kula da gidan waya mai ritaya wacce ke zaune kadai a gefen Wisbech kusa da Elgood's Brewery . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Killer of Wisbech pensioner Una Crown still at large four years after she died in a frenzied knife attack |url=https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194013/https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Cambs Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Mijinta, Jack (Ron) Roland Crown, ya mutu a shekara ta 2009; ba su da yara. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ba ta da yawa baƙi, kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin "mai matukar tsaro", a kai a kai tana kulle gidanta lokacin da take can.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref> == Binciken kisan kai == An ga Crown na karshe a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, kuma ya yi magana da aboki a waya da karfe 5 na yamma a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu.<ref name="auto1"/> A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, surukinta John Payne ne ya same ta mutu a cikin hallway na bungalow a Magazine Lane, Wisbech. An same ta kewaye da jini da jarida mai ƙonewa; an ƙone jikinta amma wutar ba ta yadu zuwa sauran gidan ba kuma ta kashe kanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> An sace kambin bikin aurenta, maɓallin ƙofar gaba, da £ 40, kuma an ƙone tufafinta, a bayyane yake don lalata shaidu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2013 |title=Una Crown, 86, murdered in 'brutal assault' in Wisbech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095814/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> An gano tawul din shayi a kan radiator kusa da bango mai cin wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref>{{Spaces}} An gudanar da jana'izar Crown a King's Lynn Crematorium a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2013 . <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Crimewatch ta sake ginawa da roko. A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2014, an kama mutane biyu dangane da mutuwar Crown amma an sake su ba tare da tuhuma ba.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, Crimestoppers sun ba da lada har zuwa £ 20,000 don duk wani bayani da ke haifar da hukunci.<ref name="Crimestoppers">{{Cite web |title=Cambridgeshire: Information reward for unsolved murder of pensioner Una Crown |url=https://crimestoppers-uk.org/news-campaigns/news/2023/mar/cambridgeshire-information-reward-for-unsolved-murder-of-pensioner-una-crown |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=crimestoppers-uk.org |publisher=Crimestoppers }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A wannan watan ne aka sake gabatar da shari'ar a kan Crimewatch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Binciken halayyar 'yan sanda == Wani bita ya gano cewa 'yan sanda sun yi "ƙaryataccen yanke shawara" lokacin da suka kasa fahimtar cewa suna hulɗa da wurin kisan kai. An gano jami'an biyu na farko a wurin cewa sun "ƙetare ka'idodin halayyar ƙwararru".<ref name="auto2" /> Mai binciken ya yi Allah wadai da "bambance" na binciken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Jinin da alamun hannu a ƙasa da ganuwar ba a lura da su da farko ba daga masu bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> An tattara yatsun yatsa guda uku da aka karɓa daga Mrs Crown kuma an ajiye su a cikin jakar shaida amma sun ɓace a cikin shekaru tun bayan kisan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> A kan waɗannan yankan ƙusa ne aka gano DNA da ya dace da David Newton.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Zarge-zarge da hukunci == A cikin 2023, wani "ci gaba na DNA" ya haɗa David Newton da laifin.[undefined][undefined] An kama Newton bisa zargin kisan kai a shekarar 2013, amma an sake shi ba tare da tuhuma ba.[3][1] Newton ya zauna a yankin kuma a kai a kai yana tafiya da kare a gidansa.[2] Ya gyara kulle-kulle na bungalow a cikin bazara na 2012. [4] Da karfe 8.30 na yamma a daren kisan wani mazaunin yankin ya gan shi yana tafiya cikin maye a kusa da gidan Mrs Crown.[5] An tuhumi Newton da kisan kai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, kuma an same shi da laifi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025. Bayan hukuncin da aka yanke, Detective Superintendent Iain Moor daga 'Yan sanda na Cambridgeshire ya ce: "an yi kuskure a lokacin binciken farko a cikin 2013, wanda muka nemi gafara ga dangin Una".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> == Eliza Bibby == A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2023, shekaru goma bayan kisan Crown, an gano gawar Eliza Bibby mai shekaru 47 a gidansa a Wisbech . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi mata wuka a wuyanta, an zana kamanceceniya tsakanin kisan Bibby da Crown.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2013 |title=Una Crown, 86, murdered in 'brutal assault' in Wisbech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095814/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, an sami Jamie Boughen mai shekaru 47 da laifin kisan Eliza Bibby . An yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rj20gtpn66t29cc0k6kztd70umkzhnf 0 125565 840487 754840 2026-05-27T16:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kabarin Furotesta na Bordeaux (Faransanci: Le cimetière protestant de Bordeaux) tarihi ne, mallakar coci kuma yana aiki da kabari na Furotesta wanda ke cikin birnin Bordeaux, a Faransa . An kaddamar da makabartar a cikin 1826 a gundumar Caudéran . Kuma an rubuta jana'izar farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1827. An faɗaɗa shi a 1867, an gina ƙaramin ɗakin sujada a 1910 a filin makabartar.[1] == Tarihi da bayanin == Kafin Dokar Nantes ta baiwa Furotesta wasu haƙuri na addini da haƙƙin yin sujada kyauta, Furotesta dole ne su binne matattu a ɓoye a kan dukiya mai zaman kanta, gonar gona ko ɗakunan ajiya. Kabari na yanzu a kan rue Judaïque ya rufe yanki na hekta 1.5, wanda ke dauke da kusan filaye 1,300. Masanin gine-gine Armand Corcelles ne ya tsara ƙofar da ta fi girma wanda kuma ya gina Cocin Chartrons Reformed a kan rue Notre-Dame a Bordeaux. Gidan binnewa yana nuna bambancin al'adu da al'adu daban-daban na Bordeaux tare da kaburbura na tsoffin Reformed Calvinists, Lutherans, Anglicans na kasashe daban-daban. Kodayake yawancin wuraren kaburbura suna da sauƙi kuma suna da tsauri, saboda koyarwar Calvinist da koyarwar, akwai wasu abubuwan tunawa masu kyau, masallatai na iyali da masallatai a cikin tsarin gine-ginen Neo-Gothic da Victorian waɗanda ke cikin manyan iyalai na Jamus-Lutheran da na Birtaniya-Anglican kamar Barton, Johnston, Stuttenberg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Protestant Cemetery in Bordeaux on the website of United Protestant Church of France (in French) |url=https://bordeaux.epudf.org/qui-sommes-nous-8093/notre-histoire-80120/l-histoire-du-cimetiere-protestant-802024793/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128043143/https://bordeaux.epudf.org/qui-sommes-nous-8093/notre-histoire-80120/l-histoire-du-cimetiere-protestant-802024793/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abubuwan da aka sani da binnewa == '''An tsara jerin ne bisa ga shekarar mutuwar.''' * Pierre-Barthélémy Portal d'Albarèdes '''Baron Portal''' (1765-1845), ɗan siyasan Faransa * Ludovic Trarieux (1840-1904), ɗan siyasan Jamhuriyar Faransa, lauya, sanannen Dreyfusard, kuma majagaba na haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya * Jean de La Ville de Mirmont (1886-1914), mawaki na yaki na Faransa * Chocolat (clown) '''Rafael Padilla''' (1868-1917), Afro-Cuban clown, daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na farko da suka yi nasara a Faransa ta zamani * Hortense Schneider (1833-1920), soprano na Faransa, daya daga cikin manyan taurari na wasan kwaikwayo na karni na 19 * Camille Jullian (1859-1933), masanin tarihin Faransa, masanin ilimin harshe, masanin binciken kayan tarihi da [[Tarihin adabi|masanin tarihin adabi]] * Manon Cormier (1896-1945), lauyan Faransa kuma marubucin mata * Willem van Hasselt (1882-1963), mai zane na Holland * Henri Salmide (1919-2010), mai suna '''Heinz Stahlschmidt''' a lokacin haihuwa, jami'in sojan ruwa na Jamus == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Plan_cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux.jpg Fayil:Cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux_-_Quartier_Haut.png Fayil:Cimetière_protestant_Bordeaux_-_Allée.jpg Fayil:Johnston_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.jpg Fayil:Schickler-Streckeisen_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.jpg Fayil:Schneider_-_Cimetière_protestant_de_Bordeaux.png </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Furotesta a Faransa == Manazarta == 8k8dmi7d4z5t6vz37dvc6xpvdqfe57j 0 126071 841273 756179 2026-05-28T09:12:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma''' tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi talatin da uku a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]], [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Districts: A repository of all Local Assemblies in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=3 men jailed for defiling 14-year-old girl in Nkawkaw - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/3-men-jailed-for-defiling-14-year-old-girl-in-nkawkaw/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko, a da, tana cikin '''[[Gundumar Kwahu ta kudu|Gundumar Kwahu ta Kudu]]''' mafi girma a wancan lokacin a shekarar 1988, wadda aka ƙirƙiro daga tsohuwar Majalisar '''[[Kwahu District|Gundumar Kwahu]]''', har sai da aka raba yankin kudu maso yamma na gundumar don ƙirƙirar '''Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma''' a watan Agusta na 2004; wanda daga baya aka ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin majalisar gundumomi a ranar 1 ga Yuli na 2007 (wanda ya fara a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu na 2008) don zama '''Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma''' . Gundumar tana cikin yammacin Yankin Gabas kuma tana da [[Nkawkaw]] a matsayin babban birninta. == Jerin matsugunan da aka yi == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: centre;" |- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" | colspan="4" align="center" |'''[[Matsugunni|Mazauna]] Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma''' |- ! class="unsortable" | A'a. ! class="unsortable" | [[Matsugunni|Sulhu]] ! class="unsortable" | Yawan Jama'a ! class="unsortable" | Shekarar yawan jama'a |- | align="center" | '''1''' | align="center" | Asona | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''2''' | align="center" | Apesika | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''3''' | align="center" | Asuboni No.3 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''4''' | align="center" | [[Jirgin kasa na Asuboni|Jirgin Kasa na Asuboni]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''5''' | align="center" | Atibie Amanfrom | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''6''' | align="center" | Ekowso | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''7''' | align="center" | Fodoa | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''8''' | align="center" | Jejeti | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''9''' | align="center" | Kwahudaa <ref>[http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/home/?_=27&sa=3399 Kwahu West Municipal District] {{Webarchive}}</ref> | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''10''' | align="center" | Kwahu Nsaba | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''11''' | align="center" | Mpraeso Amanfrom | align="center" | 2,000 | align="center" | 2001 |- | align="center" | '''12''' | align="center" | '''[[Nkawkaw]]''' | align="center" | 61,785 | align="center" | 2013 |- | align="center" | '''13''' | align="center" | Nkwanda No. 1 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''14''' | align="center" | Nkwanda No.2 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''15''' | align="center" | Obomeng Odumase | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''16''' | align="center" | [[Oframase]] | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | '''17''' | align="center" | Wisiwisi | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |} == Majiyoyi == *   * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051220143612/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/index.asp Districts: Kwahu West Municipal District, Kwahu Kwamang] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://kwahuwest.gov.gh/index.php/about-us/ Gundumar Karamar Hukumar Kwahu ta Yamma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613174108/https://kwahuwest.gov.gh/index.php/about-us/ |date=2024-06-13 }} * [http://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010_District_Report/Eastern/Kwahu%20west.pdf Gundumar Kwahu ta Yamma - Hukumar Kididdiga ta Ghana] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mcxy0wur1tdd03uhr5qu9nlf0x4e98z 0 126075 841455 793752 2026-05-28T11:00:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin St. Augustine''' wata cibiyar koyar da yara maza ne kawai a Cape Coast, Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> A matsayinta na makarantar Katolika ta farko da aka kafa a Ghana, makarantar ta fara ne a Amissano, wani ƙauye kusa da [[Elmina]], a shekarar 1930. An kafa cibiyar [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] don yin aiki a matsayin kwalejin horarwa da makarantar hauza. An sanya wa makarantar suna bayan [[Augustine na Hippo|St. Augustine na Hippo]] (354 - 430 AD). Taken kwalejin shine ''Omnia Vincit Labour'', ma'ana '''''"Juriya ta mamaye Duk"''''' . Makarantar tana da jimillar gidaje 12.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.auguscocapecoast.edu.gh/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811044040/http://auguscocapecoast.edu.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == A ranar 6 ga Agusta 1933, Cocin Katolika na Roman da Bishop na Cape Coast Vicariate Monsignor WT Porter <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop William Thomas Porter (5th Vicar 1933-1960) |url=http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173000/http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> sun ji buƙatar samun wata makarantar Katolika ta Roman daban kuma an gano cewa Cape Coast ita ce wuri mafi dacewa. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=History of Augusco |url=http://www.auguscocapecoast.edu.gh/index.php/about-augusco/history-of-augusco |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2019-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905200242/http://www.auguscocapecoast.edu.gh/index.php/about-augusco/history-of-augusco |url-status=dead }}</ref> An aza harsashin tunawa da ginin a ƙarshen 1935 a wurin da ake yanzu. Fr. Maurice B. Kelly, Shugaban Kwalejin Horarwa a Amissano wanda yanzu shine St. Teresa's Seminary, Amisano,<ref>{{Cite web |title=History – St. Teresa's Minor Seminary |url=https://sites.google.com/a/stteresaseminary.com/www/about-us/history |website=sites.google.com}}</ref> ya zama Babban Shugaba ko Shugaban Makaranta na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APSU President eulogises St Augustine of Hippo |url=http://www.gbcghana.com/1.6456696}}</ref> == Al'adu == Kwalejin St. Augustine, wacce aka fi sani da "AUGUSCO", <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> tana kiran tsoffin ɗalibanta da "APSUnians" <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop William Thomas Porter (5th Vicar 1933-1960) |url=http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173000/http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> Saboda alaƙar tarihi da kuma tsoffin Katolika, akwai yiwuwar a yi aure a [[Makarantar Sakandare ta Yara Mai Tsarki, Ghana|Makarantar Sakandare ta Holy Child]], tsofaffin ɗaliban [[Ghana]] (HOPSA) da tsofaffin ɗaliban St. Augustine (APSUnians). Cocin ya yi imanin cewa aure tsakanin tsofaffin ɗaliban makarantun biyu zai ci gaba da al'adun Katolika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop William Thomas Porter (5th Vicar 1933-1960) |url=http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173000/http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Owusu Agyemang calls for renewed commitment from St. Augustine's Alumni &#124; |url=http://vibeghana.com/2013/12/23/owusu-agyemang-calls-for-renewed-commitment-from-st-augustines-alumni/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125175434/http://vibeghana.com/2013/12/23/owusu-agyemang-calls-for-renewed-commitment-from-st-augustines-alumni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙungiyar ɗalibai == Daliban suna cikin waɗanda suka fi yin fice a jarrabawar WAEC <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> Kwalejin St. Augustine ta lashe gasar Tambayoyin Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Ƙasa sau biyu. Ta lashe gasar a shekarar 2007 da 2019. A [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|gasar Tambayoyin Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Ƙasa]] ta 2007, kwalejin ta yi nasara, kuma biyu daga cikin 'yan takara uku na makarantar sun wakilci Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> Tawagar uku ta lashe gasar Tambayoyin Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Yammacin Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> == Shiga gasar tsakanin makarantu == Kwalejin ta lashe gasar karshe ta [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|jarrabawar jarrabawa ta kimiyya da lissafi ta kasa ta Ghana ta]] shekarar 2019. Wannan shi ne karo na biyu da kwalejin ta lashe gasar, bayan ta lashe gasar a karon farko a shekarar 2007. Haka kuma a shekarar 2007, Kwalejin St. Augustine ta lashe gasar jarrabawa ta farko kuma ta daya tilo ta kimiyya da lissafi ta yammacin Afirka. A shekarar 2019, Kwalejin ta lashe kofin kimiyya da lissafi na kasa na biyu, shekaru goma sha biyu bayan ta lashe kofin farko. Zuwa yanzu, Kwalejin tana da tarihin zama makaranta daya tilo da ta lashe kofin a duk lokacin da ta kai ga babban wasan karshe. Kwalejin ta kuma lashe gasar Sprite Ball Championship ta shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> Kwalejin St. Augustine za ta bayyana a babban wasan karshe na [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|Kimiyya da Lissafi na Kasa na Ghana na 2025]], inda za su fafata da zakarun gasar [[Makarantar Mfantsipim|Mfantsipim]] da kuma zakarun gasar sau biyu, [[Makarantar Ware ta Opoku|Makarantar Opoku Ware]] a babban dakin taro na SGS, Jami'ar Cape Coast a ranar Alhamis 6 ga Nuwamba, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> == Ilimi == === NSMQ 2025 === Kwalejin St. Augustine (AUGUSCO) ita ce zakaran jarrabawar jarrabawa ta kimiyya da lissafi ta ƙasa (NSMQ) a shekarar 2007 da 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> Makarantar ta tabbatar da matsayinta a cikin abin da ta yi alƙawarin zama babban wasan ƙarshe mai ban sha'awa na jarrabawar jarrabawa ta kimiyya da lissafi ta ƙasa ta 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop William Thomas Porter (5th Vicar 1933-1960) |url=http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173000/http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Q[[P. A. K. Aboagye]], mawaki na Ghana, marubuci, marubuci na littafi, kuma ɗan tarihi. * [[J. H. Owusu Acheampong]], ɗan siyasan Ghana kuma memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta huɗu * Paul Acquah, tsohon gwamnan [[Bankin Ghana]]. * A. K. Adu, tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya * [[William Kwabena Aduhene]], ɗan siyasan Ghana, memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta farko * Kwaku Afriyie, ɗan siyasan Ghana * [[Junior Agogo]], tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa * Kwame Poku Agyekum, ɗan siyasan Ghana, memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta biyu * Kwesi Ahwoi, ɗan siyasan Ghana * [[William Owuraku Aidoo]], ɗan siyasan Ghana kuma memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta huɗu * Kabral Blay Amihere, ɗan jaridar Ghana * Odeefuo Boa Amponsem III, mai mulkin gargajiya na 18 na Denkyira (Denkyirahene) mai mulkin gargajiya na Denkyira (Denkyirahene) * [[Kenneth Andam]], mai tsere na Ghana da ya yi ritaya * Samuel Kobina Annim, Masanin Kididdigar Gwamnati kuma tsohon Mataimakin Farfesa na Tattalin Arziki. * Anane Antwi-Kusi, ɗan siyasan Ghana, kuma memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta biyu. * Nana Asaase mai horar da wallafe-wallafen kuma marubuciya. * Nathaniel Attoh, ɗan jaridar rediyo, mai kula da bukukuwan kuma mai ba da sanarwar zobe. * Sammi Awuku, ɗan siyasan Ghana kuma a halin yanzu Mai Shirya Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party. * Kofi Baako, ɗan siyasa kuma minista a [[Gwamnatin Nkrumah]] * Joseph Kingsley Baffour-Senkyire, masanin kimiyya na Ghana, ɗan siyasa da diflomasiyya; memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta farko kuma tsohon Jakadan Ghana a Amurka * Joseph Kenneth Bandoh, likita; shugaban Kwalejin Likitocin Yammacin Afirka (1993-1994) * [[John Bilson (dan siyasa)|John Bilson]], likita kuma ɗan siyasa * Ben Brako, jagorar Ghana Highlife Star; * [[Kwesi Botchway|Kwesi Botchwey]], Ministan Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (1982-1995) * Albert Don-Chebe, Darakta Janar na Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Ghana (2013-2016) * Amu Djoleto, marubucin littafin Ghana. * John Bogolo Erzuah, tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya kuma ɗan siyasa; minista a [[Gwamnatin Nkrumah]] * [[Michael Essien]], tauraron kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa; <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> * Kwame Gyawu-Kyem, ɗan siyasan Ghana kuma memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta huɗu * George Hagan (ɗan siyasa) , ɗan siyasan Ghana * [[Kwame Sanaa-Poku Jantuah]], ɗan siyasa a jamhuriya ta farko da ta uku * Joseph Kodzo, ɗan siyasa a jamhuriya ta farko * George Kingsley Koomson, Mai Shari'a na Kotun Koli ta Ghana * Bashiru Kwaw-Swanzy, tsohon babban lauya na jamhuriya ta farko * [[Nana Amaniampong Marfo]], memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta huɗu * Fred McBagonluri, injiniya, mai kirkiro, marubuci da kuma masanin kimiyya * Paa Kwesi Nduom, tsohon ministan Ghana, tsohon memba na majalisa kuma ɗan kasuwa; <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> * Paul Kwame Nkegbe, soja, ɗan siyasa, kuma Ministan Jiha a cikin Babban Kwamitin Soja (SMC) * Victoria Nyarko, 'yar siyasar Ghana, memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta farko * [[Tawia Modibo Ocran]], lauya ce ta Ghana; tsohon alƙalin kotun koli na Ghana. * Jonathan Tetteh Ofei, ɗan siyasa kuma tsohon memba na majalisa a lokacin Jamhuriyar ta biyu * Mark Okraku-Mantey, mai gabatar da kiɗa na Ghana kuma ɗan siyasa, Mataimakin Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Fasaha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-23 |title=Ghana DJ Awards to honor Mark Okraku Mantey with Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://museafrica.com/2018/04/23/ghana-dj-awards-to-honor-mark-okraku-mantey-with-life-time-achievement-award/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Muse Africa |language=}}</ref> * Michael Kwasi Osei, ɗan siyasan Ghana, kuma memba na majalisa a jamhuriya ta biyu. * Michael Edem Akafia, lauyan Ghana, mai kula da hakar ma'adinai kuma shugaban Ghana Chamber of Mines <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop William Thomas Porter (5th Vicar 1933-1960) |url=http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173000/http://www.archcapeghana.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> * Hackman Owusu-Agyeman, diflomasiyya, tsohon ministan jihar, ɗan kasuwa kuma memba na majalisa; <ref name="auto2"/> * Ellis Owusu-Dabo, masanin kimiyya na Ghana kuma Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]]. * [[Patrick Kwame Kusi Quaidoo]], ɗan siyasa kuma minista a [[Gwamnatin Nkrumah]] * Arnold Quainoo, jami'in soja na Ghana da ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro (Ghana) na Sojojin Ghana. * Francis Selormey, marubucin littafin Ghana. * Victor Selormey, ɗan siyasa kuma tsohon mataimakin ministan kudi da tsara tattalin arziki * Emile Short, alƙali da masanin kimiyya na Ghana kuma Kwamishinan farko na 'Yancin Dan Adam da Adalci na Gudanarwa a Ghana. * Clifford Nii Boi Tagoe, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Ghana]]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=APSU President eulogises St Augustine of Hippo |url=http://www.gbcghana.com/1.6456696}}</ref> * Ebo Taylor, dan wasan guitar na Ghana, mawaƙi, mai shirya, jagora, da kuma furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> * Herbert Winful, farfesa a fannin injiniya * Nathaniel Boso, masanin kimiyya, kamfanoni, da kuma dabarun tallace-tallace na duniya * [[Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin|Alexander Afenyo-Markin]], ɗan siyasan Ghana kuma ɗan kasuwa == Lambar Makaranta == 0030101 <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Augustine's College |url=http://www.ghanayello.com/company/11739/St_Augustines_College}}</ref> == Manaza == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2m70vln5jsi3etkbgedwm2jw0pe4nar 0 126142 840488 756433 2026-05-27T16:33:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kabarin Yahudawa na Al-Habibiyah''' wani kabari ne na Yahudawa a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] . Tana cikin Habibiya, kusa da Sadr City . Kabarin ya ƙunshi kaburbura sama da 4,000. [[Saddam Hussein]] ne ya gina shi a 1975, a matsayin madadin tsohuwar makabartar a Al Nahda, inda aka gina sabuwar hanya. == Tarihi == Tsohon makabartar Yahudawa tana cikin tsakiyar Bagadaza a wurin da Al-Nahda Garage yake a yanzu kuma bayan fadada babban birnin, wannan makabartar ta zama shingen ci gaban birni, don haka hukumomi sun yanke shawara a 1975 don motsa makabartar a waje da birnin inda Miah Daniel ya ba da babban fili na ƙasa tare da jimlar yanki na dunams biyar don zama makabartar ƙungiyar Mosaic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slotkin |first=Alexander |date=2023-06-21<!--from website metadata--> |title=Studying Gravetones in an Iraqi-Jewish Cemetery |url=https://jst.ufl.edu/research-scholars/studying-gravetones-in-an-iraqi-jewish-cemetery/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=University of Florida |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818174039/https://jst.ufl.edu/research-scholars/studying-gravetones-in-an-iraqi-jewish-cemetery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga adadin dinar miliyan daya don manufar jigilar gawarwakin mambobin ƙungiyar, Yahudawa na Iraki, zuwa sabon wuri da gina kaburbura.<ref name="al-monitor">{{Cite web |last=Bassem |first=Wassim |date=December 2015 |title=Baghdad Jewish cemetery reminds of bygone days |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/12/jews-of-iraq-historic-monuments.html |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=Al-Monitor |language=en}}</ref> [[Saddam Hussein]] ne ya biya.<ref name="al-monitor" /> Har zuwa shekara ta 2003, Ma'aikatar Gudummawa ce ke da alhakin makabarta.<ref name="timesofisrael">{{Cite web |title=Iraq's Jewish sites almost all ruined beyond repair, new heritage report finds |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iraqs-jewish-sites-almost-all-ruined-beyond-repair-new-heritage-report-finds/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Bayan rushewar ma'aikatar, an canja cikakken alhakin ga ƙungiyar Mosaic, wanda ya dogara da titin Al-Nahr kuma ya zama cikakken alhaken makabartar, don biyan kuɗin ruwa da wutar lantarki, da albashi na ma'aikata a makabartar. <ref name="haaretz">{{Cite web |title=With Jews Largely Gone From Iraq, Memories Survive in Israel |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-04-22/ty-article-magazine/with-jews-largely-gone-from-iraq-memories-survive-in-israel/0000017f-f2b6-d8a1-a5ff-f2bef4eb0000 |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> Baya ga maido da kaburbura da kaburbura, kuma yana da alhakin duk sauran kayan abu.<ref name="haaretz" /><ref name="haaretz" /> Har ila yau, akwai kaburbura na Ezra Naji Zalkha, matarsa Rawan, da kuma wasu daga cikin wadanda aka kashe tare da su a Tahrir Square a shekarar 1969 kan zargin leken asiri ga Isra'ila.[1] Lokaci na karshe da aka binne likitan Bayahude, ita ce darakta na Asibitin Al-Wasiti Trauma a shekara ta 2009.[2] Sunan ta shine Violet Hanna . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] == Kabari == Wasu Musulmai, musamman mata, sun ziyarci makabartar don neman albarkar wani mutum mai suna Bleibel, wanda aka ce zuriyarsa ta koma ga Musa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slotkin |first=Alexander |date=2023-06-21<!--from website metadata--> |title=Studying Gravetones in an Iraqi-Jewish Cemetery |url=https://jst.ufl.edu/research-scholars/studying-gravetones-in-an-iraqi-jewish-cemetery/ |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=University of Florida |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818174039/https://jst.ufl.edu/research-scholars/studying-gravetones-in-an-iraqi-jewish-cemetery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suna kunna kyandir kuma suna share kabarinsa da henna. Mata marasa haihuwa galibi suna bauta a shafin. == Dubi kuma == * Babban majami'ar Baghdad * Majami'ar Meir Taweig * Yahudawa na Iraki == Manazarta == ou2eu468ru4wdlg9sxglueif7skuokq 0 129215 841441 786141 2026-05-28T10:40:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Moreton Bay''' Cocin Uniting ce mai zaman kanta, makarantar kwana ga 'yan mata, wacce ke Manly West, wani yanki na wajen [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1901 a matsayin Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Moreton Bay, ta Alice J. Alison Greene da 'yar uwarta Anne, <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=College History |url=http://www.mbc.qld.edu.au/item.asp?pid=697 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516081116/http://www.mbc.qld.edu.au/item.asp?pid=697 |archive-date=16 May 2008 |access-date=2008-04-14 |website=Discover MBC |publisher=Moreton Bay College}}</ref> a halin yanzu kwalejin tana kula da kimanin ɗalibai 1,257 daga Makarantar Yara zuwa Aji na 12.<ref name="AnnualReport09">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Moreton Bay College – School Annual Report 2009 |url=http://www.mbc.qld.edu.au/uploads/documents/store/resources/res_2017_Annual_Report_2009.pdf |access-date=2010-06-22 |website=News |publisher=Moreton Bay College |pages=1–2 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kwalejin Moreton Bay tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantu Masu Zaman Kansu na Ostiraliya (AHISA), <ref name="AHISA">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=AHISA Schools |url=http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3242& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719140001/http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3242& |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=2008-04-14 |website=Queensland |publisher=Association of Heads of independent schools of Australia}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantu Masu Zaman Kansu na Ostiraliya (JSHAA), <ref name="jshaa">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=JSHAA Queensland Directory of Members |url=http://www.jshaa.asn.au/queensland/directory/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412150848/http://www.jshaa.asn.au/queensland/directory/index.asp |archive-date=12 April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-14 |website=Queensland Branch |publisher=Junior School Heads' Association of Australia}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yan Mata ta Australasia (AGSA), <ref name="AGSA">{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Jan |year=2006 |title=Member Schools |url=http://www.agsa.org.au/members.php?PageID=11&Alpha=M |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131337/http://www.agsa.org.au/members.php?PageID=11&Alpha=M |archive-date=28 September 2007 |access-date=2008-04-14 |website=Members |publisher=The Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia}}</ref> kuma ta fara zama memba na Ƙungiyar Wasannin Makarantun Sakandare na 'Yan Mata ta Queensland (QGSSSA) a 1941.<ref name="QGSSSAHistory">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=(What is) QGSSSA |url=http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=1-3802-0-0-0 |access-date=2008-04-15 |website=QGSSSA |publisher=Queensland Girls' Secondary Schools Sports Association Inc |archive-date=2008-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210162122/http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=1-3802-0-0-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarantar ɗan'uwanta ita ce Kwalejin Matasa ta Moreton Bay. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:MBC_Basketball_Team_1900s.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta makarantar a farkon shekarun 1900]] An kafa Kwalejin Moreton Bay a shekarar 1901 ta hannun mai zane Alice Jane Greene da 'yar uwarta Anne Eliza Greene, a cikin wani gini mai hawa uku na makaranta wanda mahaifinsu ya tsara kuma ya gina. Wurin makarantar yana cikin tsakiyar garin Wynnum, a kan Bay Terrace, wanda ke da iyaka da Titin Charlotte da Florence. Asalin sunan makarantar shine Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Moreton Bay kuma an yi niyya ne don samar da, ban da azuzuwa da sauran ɗakuna, kayan kwana ga masu kwana talatin. Littafin farko ya ƙunshi masu kwana shida da kuma malamai na kwana ashirin. Alice ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1943. A shekarar 1944, iyalan Greene suka mika makarantar ga Cocin Methodist kuma na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi Elsie Greene ta zama shugabar makaranta. Cocin Methodist ya ba wa Ƙungiyar Makarantun Presbyterian da Methodist makarantar don ta gudanar da ita, kuma suka naɗa Ellen Christensen a shekarar 1946. Christensen ita ce shugabar makaranta daga 1946 zuwa 1949, amma rashin lafiyar iyali ya sa ba ta nan, a lokacin Miss Popple ce shugabar makaranta. Daga ƙarshe aka naɗa Millicent Drewe kuma ta kasance shugabar makaranta daga 1950 zuwa 1964. A shekarar 1956, an samu maki 150, inda aka samu 'yan takara ashirin da bakwai don jarrabawar kammala karatun firamare. 'Yan mata ba su yi rijistar shiga jami'a ba sai a shekarar 1959, lokacin da aka samu ɗalibai 167 a cikin duka. A shekarar 1957, an canza sunan zuwa Kwalejin Moreton Bay, domin guje wa ruɗani da tsarin Makarantar Sakandare ta Jiha da kuma daidaita sunayen kwalejojin sauran makarantun PMSA. Yawan ɗaliban jami'a a farkon shekarun 1960 ya kai kimanin maki 180, domin kayan aikin suna da iyaka kuma babu wani wuri da za a iya ɗaukar ɗalibai. Wurin yana da eka ɗaya da kwata kawai, don haka yayin da wannan lokaci ne na faɗaɗa adadi a sauran makarantun 'yan mata na QGSSSA, Kwalejin Moreton Bay ta ci gaba da zama ƙaramar makaranta kuma ta ga ya yi wuya ta cika alƙawarin da ke ƙaruwa a gasar QGSSSA da ke ƙara faɗaɗawa. Daga ƙarshe, a farkon shekarun 1970, Kwalejin Moreton Bay ta janye daga wasannin QGSSSA bisa fahimtar cewa za ta iya dawowa idan lambobi suka ƙaru yadda ya kamata. A shekarar 1965, bayan wani lokaci na riƙon shugabar makaranta, an naɗa Viola Owen-Winchester a matsayin shugabar makaranta. Lokaci zuwa lokaci ana ta maganar mayar da makarantar zuwa wani kadara da ke gefen kudu na titin Manly, amma babu abin da ya faru. Matsalar koma bayan tattalin arziki a karkara ta yi tsanani a makarantar kwana mai ƙaramin sashe na kwana ɗaya. A shekarar 1975, tare da raguwar adadin zuwa 125, PMSA ta yanke shawarar rufe kwalejin. == Manazarta == tl7zskkoebhhhkbh4yfva1q9bsvq5l4 0 129772 840505 817659 2026-05-27T17:16:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kaisar: Let the Dice Fly wani littafi ne na 1997 na marubucin Australiya Colleen McCullough . <ref>{{Cite web |title=''Caesar: Let the Dice Fly'' by Colleen McCullough |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/152432 |access-date=15 April 2024 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Littafin tarihi ne na biyar a cikin jerin Masters of Rome na marubucin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Austlit — ''Master of Rome'' series by Colleen McCullough |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C453634 |access-date=1 October 2025 |publisher=Austlit |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618225224/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C453634 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Takaitaccen Bayani == Littafin ya buɗe a shekara ta 54 KZ, tare da Kaisar a tsakiyar yakin da ya yi na Gallic, bayan ya mamaye Biritaniya. Rabin farko na littafin ya yi magana ne game da ƙarshen nasarar da ya samu a Gaul, kuma rabi na biyu ya ba da labarin karuwar rashin jin daɗi a Roma game da niyyar Kaisar, adawa da ƙungiyar 'Boni' mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a gare shi, ƙetare Rubicon, mamayewarsa Italiya da nasararsa a Yaƙin basasa. Wasu daga cikin muhimman lokutan sun haɗa da dawowar Kaisar daga Britannia; tserewa ta kusa a lokacin yakin Gergovia; babban nasararsa a Alesia, wanda ya haɗa da cikakken kewaye da 'Boni', ƙin dakarun agaji, da karɓar mika wuya ga Vercingetorix; hallakawarsa ta ƙarshe na juriya ta Gallic a Uxellodunum; mutuwar Julia da Marcus Licinius Crassus; ya fadi daga Gnaeus Pomususus da kuma yaƙin da kuma ya rushewarwar Magruniyar Masar; yaƙin da yaƙin da aka yi nasara a can; yaƙin yaƙin da Magrunius; yaƙin Gasiy Pomus; yaƙi na Trium; yaƙin Girmaci yaƙin Girka; yaƙin Farko; yaƙin Masar; ya ɓace; yaƙin Binciken Kirkus ya lura cewa littafin ya kasance mai yawa ga matsakaicin mai karatu, amma mai daɗi ga "janar na kujera". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} daz9ono3jy8das6evoziep56msyupqa 0 129872 840630 796404 2026-05-28T01:45:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Assassination of Julius Caesar zane ne na 1888 wanda William Holmes Sullivan ya nuna kisan Julius Kaisar a hannun 'yan uwansa sanatoci. Hoton, kamar sauran ayyukan Sullivan, ya dogara ne akan wasan kwaikwayon Shakespare na Tragedy of Julius Caesar, yana nuna Dokar III, Scene 1, kuma an sanya shi a cikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Shakespeare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/julius-caesar-act-iii-scene-1-the-assassination-54988 |title='Julius Caesar', Act III, Scene 1, the Assassination, Royal Shakespeare Theater, Art UK |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2025-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826005114/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/julius-caesar-act-iii-scene-1-the-assassination-54988 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=British and Irish Paintings in Public Collections: An Index of British and Irish Oil Paintings by Artists Born Before 1870 in Public and Institutional Collections in the United Kingdom and Ireland|last1=Gordon|first1=Catherine May|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780300117301|pages=758|last2=Wright|first2=Christopher}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Oil Paintings in Public Ownership in Warwickshire|last=Sonia|first=Roe|publisher=Public Catalogue Foundation|year=2009|isbn=9781904931546|pages=234}}</ref> Irin wannan sigar da Sullivan ya yi ana kiranta Et tu Brute. == Dubi kuma == * [[Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar|Bayanan al'adu na Julius Kaisar]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Ƙarin Karatu== * {{Cite book|title=Ave Caesar II: Na vrcholu moci (61–44 př. n. l.)|last=Richter|first=Karel|year=2014|isbn=9788074253232|volume=2|publisher=Epocha }} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje== {{Commons category}} * https://web.archive.org/web/20191111154732/http://www.newrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1516_StudyGuide_Caesar.compressed.pdf {{DEFAULTSORT:Assassination of Julius Caesar, The}} qm69ixx5n80nbwimf560v1fbzgec91f 0 130712 840627 768181 2026-05-28T00:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kimbal James Musk''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1972 <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> ) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai sayar da abinci . Yana da haɗin gwiwa da The Kitchen Restaurant Group, tare da gidajen cin abinci a [[Colorado]], [[Chicago]], da [[Austin]] . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Big Green, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta 501(c)(3) wadda ta gina ɗaruruwan azuzuwan waje da ake kira ''Learning Gardens'' a cikin makarantu a faɗin Amurka. Musk kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Square Roots, wani kamfanin noma na birane da ke noma abinci a cikin kwantena na jigilar kaya na hydroponic, na cikin gida, da na yanayi. Musk yana kan allon Tesla Inc., SpaceX, da Burning Man Project ; babban ɗan'uwansa [[Elon Musk|Elon]] shine Shugaba na tsoffin kamfanoni biyu. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin Chipotle Mexican Grill daga 2013 zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzgerald |first=Maggie |date=2019-03-14 |title=Kimbal Musk is stepping down from Chipotle's board |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/14/kimbal-musk-is-stepping-down-from-chipotles-board.html |access-date=2019-04-10 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Shi ɗan'uwan [[Elon Musk]] ne, [[Tosca Musk]], ɗan Errol da [[Maye Musk]], kuma babban mai hannun jari a Tesla. A shekarar 1995 ya kafa kamfanin software na Zip2 tare da Elon, wanda Compaq ya saya akan dala miliyan 307 a shekarar 1999. == Rayuwar farko == Musk ya girma tare da ɗan'uwansa [[Elon Musk|Elon]] (babba), 'yar'uwarsa [[Tosca Musk|Tosca]] (ƙarami), da kuma 'yan'uwa da yawa. Mahaifiyarsa, [[Maye Musk]] ( née Haldeman ), ƙwararren mai ƙira ne kuma masanin abinci mai gina jiki wanda aka haifa a [[Saskatchewan]], Kanada, kuma ya girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifinsa, [[Errol Musk]], injiniya ne na lantarki na Afirka ta Kudu, matukin jirgi, matukin jirgi, mai ba da shawara, dillalin emerald, kuma mai haɓaka kadarori, wanda wani ɓangare yana da gidan haya a [[Timbavati Private Nature Reserve]] . Bayan kammala [[Pretoria Boys High School|karatun sakandare]] a [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu, Musk ya tafi don saduwa da ɗan'uwansa a [[Kingston, Ontario]], Kanada, kuma ya yi rajista a [[Queen's University at Kingston|Jami'ar Queen's]] don neman digiri a fannin kasuwanci. Yayin da yake makaranta, Musk ya fara aiki a [[Scotiabank]] . Ya kammala karatunsa da digirinsa daga Jami'ar Queen's a 1995. <ref name="QUEENSALUMS2">{{Cite web |title=Success Stories: Queen's Business Consulting: A Tale of Two Consultants |url=http://business.queensu.ca/centres/qbc/student_success_stories.php |access-date=December 23, 2012 |publisher=Queen's University School of Business |archive-date=January 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112051730/http://business.queensu.ca/centres/qbc/student_success_stories.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin kasuwanci == Kamfanin Musk na farko ya fara harkar fenti ne a fannin gidaje tare da College Pro Painters a shekarar 1994, a wannan shekarar shi da babban ɗan'uwansa Elon suka fara kamfaninsu na biyu, Zip2 . Zip2 jagora ne na birni na kan layi wanda ke samar da abubuwan da ke cikin sabbin nau'ikan jaridun ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' da ''[[Chicago Tribune|Chicago Tribune na]]'' kan layi. An sayar da kamfanin a shekarar 1999 ga Compaq akan dala miliyan 307. Bayan ya sayar da Zip2, Musk ya zuba jari a wasu ƙananan kamfanonin software da fasaha. Musk ya kasance farkon mai saka hannun jari a kamfanin ɗan'uwansa X.com, wani kamfanin ayyukan kuɗi na kan layi da biyan kuɗi ta imel. X.com ya haɗu da mai fafatawa da shi Confinity don kafa PayPal, wanda a watan Oktoban 2002 eBay ta saya akan dala biliyan 1.5 a hannun jari. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> Yayin da Elon ya zauna a California, Kimbal ya koma New York ya kuma shiga Cibiyar Abinci ta Faransa da ke birnin New York. A watan Afrilun 2004, Musk ya buɗe The Kitchen, wani gidan cin abinci na al'umma a Boulder, Colorado tare da Jen Lewin da Hugo Matheson. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> Baya ga babban gidan cin abinci da ke Boulder, The Kitchen yana da wurare a tsakiyar Denver <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Why every child deserves a learning garden |url=https://www.mnn.com/your-home/organic-farming-gardening/stories/why-every-child-deserves-learning-garden |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=MNN - Mother Nature Network |language=en}}</ref> da Chicago. <ref>{{cite news |last=Padden |first=Caroline |date=October 29, 2012 |title=Learning Gardens: Connecting Kids to Real Food |url=http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234216/http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |access-date=June 6, 2013 |newspaper=5280 Magazine}}</ref> Daga 2006 zuwa 2011, Musk ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na OneRiot, wata hanyar talla. A watan Satumba na 2011, Walmart-Labs ta sayi OneRiot akan farashin siye da ba a bayyana ba. A shekarar 2011, Next Door American Eatery ta buɗe a tsakiyar garin Boulder a matsayin gidan cin abinci na Amurka mai sauri. Next Door American Eatery wani gidan cin abinci ne mai tasowa wanda ke da wurare goma a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> Bayan shekaru bakwai na tallafawa [[Growe Foundation|Gidauniyar Growe]] don dasa lambunan makaranta a cikin al'ummar Boulder, a cikin 2011 Musk da Matheson sun kafa Big Green <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> (wanda aka fara sanya masa suna The Kitchen Community), wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta 501c3 don taimakawa wajen haɗa yara da abinci na gaske ta hanyar ƙirƙirar azuzuwan Lambun Koyo masu ƙarfi a makarantu a faɗin Amurka. Lambunan Koyo suna koya wa yara fahimtar abinci, cin abinci mai kyau, zaɓin salon rayuwa da muhalli ta hanyar tsare-tsaren darasi da ayyukan da suka dace da manhajar makaranta da ke akwai, kamar lissafi, kimiyya, da karatu da rubutu. Kowanne daga cikin gidajen cin abinci na The Kitchen yana bayar da gudummawar kaso na tallace-tallace don taimakawa wajen dasa Lambunan Koyo a cikin al'ummarsa. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, Big Green ta gina lambuna 26 a Colorado, 16 a Chicago, da kuma wasu 12 a faɗin Amurka. A watan Disamba na 2012, Magajin Garin Chicago [[Rahm Emanuel]] ya bai wa kamfanin Musk mai zaman kansa dala miliyan 1 don gina Lambunan Koyo guda 80 a makarantun birnin Chicago. A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2015, The Kitchen Community ta yi bikin gina Lambun Koyo na 200 a Camino Nuevo Charter Academy, wata makarantar sakandare a Gundumar Makarantar Unified ta Los Angeles wadda ita ma ta yi bikin fara aikin SEEDS a Gundumar. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarar 2015, shekaru huɗu bayan kafa ta, The Kitchen Community ta gina Lambunan Koyo 260 a faɗin Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles da Memphis. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Musk ya haɗu da kafa Square Roots, wani kamfanin noman birane wanda ke noma abincin halitta a cikin kwantena na jigilar kaya. Kamfanin ya haɗu da Gordon Food Services (GFS) don faɗaɗa a wajen birnin New York. A watan Janairun 2018, The Kitchen Community (TKC), ya faɗaɗa zuwa wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa mai suna Big Green kuma ya sanar da birninsa na bakwai, Detroit, don gina azuzuwan Koyon Lambun a waje a makarantu 100 a faɗin birnin Motor. Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, Big Green yana cikin biranen Amurka bakwai tare da kusan makarantu 600 a faɗin hanyar sadarwarsa waɗanda ke shafar ɗalibai sama da 300,000 kowace rana. Musk da Big Green sun kafa Plant a Seed Day, hutun duniya. An wallafa Musk a cikin manyan wallafe-wallafe kamar ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', [[CNN]], <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''Fast Company'', <ref>{{cite news |last=Padden |first=Caroline |date=October 29, 2012 |title=Learning Gardens: Connecting Kids to Real Food |url=http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234216/http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |access-date=June 6, 2013 |newspaper=5280 Magazine}}</ref> ''WIRED'', ''Chicago Sun Times'', <ref>{{Cite news |last=Garfield |first=Leanna |date=August 23, 2016 |title=Elon Musk's brother is building vertical farms in shipping containers |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/kimbal-musk-vertical-farms-shipping-containers-2016-8 |work=Business Insider}}</ref> ''CBS News'', ''Business Insider'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kimbal Musk {{!}} Board of Directors {{!}} Tesla, Inc. |url=https://ir.tesla.com/board-directors/kimbal-musk |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=[[ir.tesla.com]] |language=en}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2023|ABOUTSELF=y}}</ref> ''Entrepreneur Magazine'', <ref>{{cite news |date=August 29, 2013 |title=Chipotle Mexican Grill names Kimbal Musk to board |url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_23975683/chipotle-mexican-grill-names-kimbal-musk-board |work=Denver Post}}</ref> An nada Musk a matsayin ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa na duniya na shekarar 2018 ta hanyar World Economic Forum . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzgerald |first=Maggie |date=2019-03-14 |title=Kimbal Musk is stepping down from Chipotle's board |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/14/kimbal-musk-is-stepping-down-from-chipotles-board.html |access-date=2019-04-10 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/tsla/ownership-summary Musk profile], [[nasdaq.com]]; accessed April 7, 2016.</ref> Musk ya fuskanci bincike a shekarar 2020 bayan ya canza shirin Asusun Iyali na Next Door a tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar cutar coronavirus]] . An kafa asusun ne da farko don taimakawa ma'aikata a lokacin gaggawa. Gudummawa ta fito ne daga ma'aikatan Next Door. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2021, <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> Musk ya sayar da hannun jari 30,000 na Tesla, Inc. wanda darajarsu ta kai dala miliyan 25.6. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2022, an ruwaito cewa SEC tana binciken Musk kan yiwuwar keta yarjejeniyar ciniki ta sirri bayan ya sayar da hannun jari 88,500 na Tesla, wanda darajarsu ta kai dala miliyan 108, kwana ɗaya kafin ɗan'uwansa ya yi wani zaɓe a shafin Twitter yana tambayar ko ya kamata ya sayar da kashi 10% na hannun jarinsa na Tesla. Sakamakon wannan zaɓen, Elon Musk ya sayar da biliyoyin daloli na hannun jarin Tesla kuma farashin hannun jari ya faɗi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Why every child deserves a learning garden |url=https://www.mnn.com/your-home/organic-farming-gardening/stories/why-every-child-deserves-learning-garden |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=MNN - Mother Nature Network |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Kimbal Musk ya zama ɗan kasuwa a fannin nunin jiragen sama masu tsarin jiragen sama masu yawa. Ta hanyar kamfanin Nova Displays, ya sayi wani kamfani mai tsarin nunin jiragen sama masu == Rayuwa ta sirri == Musk ya auri Jen Lewin, wanda ya kafa The Kitchen da shi. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare. Daga baya suka rabu. Yana zaune a Boulder, Colorado. A watan Afrilun 2018, ya auri Christiana Wyly, wata mai fafutukar kare muhalli kuma 'yar tsohon biloniya Sam Wyly . Musk kuma yana da 'ya mace daga wata dangantaka. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ne masu canza jinsi . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2010, Musk ya karye wuyansa yayin da yake cikin bututun ciki, wanda ya haifar da gurguwar jiki na ɗan lokaci wanda ya ɗauki tsawon kwana uku har sai da aka magance shi da tiyata. == Takaddama == Ƙungiyar gidan cin abinci ta Kimbal Musk ta tattara kuɗi (wanda ake kira Asusun Iyali) daga ma'aikata don biyan buƙatun wahalhalu da gaggawa na mutum, amma a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta 2020, gidajen cin abinci sun rufe "har abada" kuma ma'aikatan an kulle su daga kuɗin da suka bayar. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> Daga baya, gidajen cin abinci sun sake buɗewa amma an ruwaito cewa ba su mayar da asusun ga waɗanda suka bayar da gudummawa ba. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Kimbal Reeve Musk to open restaurant on Mass Ave. |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2016/11/01/kimbal-musk-open-restaurant-mass-ave/93132032/ |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=[[Indianapolis Star]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Why every child deserves a learning garden |url=https://www.mnn.com/your-home/organic-farming-gardening/stories/why-every-child-deserves-learning-garden |access-date=2017-07-31 |work=MNN - Mother Nature Network |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya Musk ya yi jayayya kan rahotannin takaddamar, yana mai ambaton rashin gaskiya daga 'yan jarida. Ƙungiyar Gidan Abinci ta Kitchen ta ba da rahoton cewa asusun yanzu yana karɓar gudummawa daga masu shi da abokan ciniki; yayin da shawarwari don umarnin ɗaukar kaya ana mayar da su asusun sannan masu shi su daidaita su. Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa an bayar da tallafi kuma za a yi la'akari da ma'aikatan da aka kora da waɗanda aka kora a nan gaba. <ref>{{cite news |last=Padden |first=Caroline |date=October 29, 2012 |title=Learning Gardens: Connecting Kids to Real Food |url=http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234216/http://www.5280.com/blogs/2012/10/29/learning-gardens-connecting-kids-real-food |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |access-date=June 6, 2013 |newspaper=5280 Magazine}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Musk ya yi soyayya da wata mata a cikin dangin Jeffrey Epstein, wacce tsohuwar budurwar mai kuɗi ce kuma mai laifin jima'i. Ana zargin Epstein ne ya haɗa Musk da matar don ƙoƙarin gina alaƙa da dangin Musk. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=kimbal|title=Feeling pure joy today on my 52nd birthday. Grateful for my family, my wife, my life}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8lhwep41uz3sn0t9taubkbpm92cnhzj 0 131109 840637 769035 2026-05-28T02:17:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Broderick Shepherd (9 ga Disamba 1992 - 6 ga Maris 2025) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya, wanda aka fi sani da sunan ƙungiyar Australian Suicide, wanda ya yi aiki a Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), inda ya kasance Zakaran AAA World Cruiserweight . Kafin ya isa Mexico, Shepherd ya fafata a wasu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a Ostiraliya da Amurka a ƙarƙashin sunan Ryan Rollins . == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == === Da'ira mai zaman kanta (2005–2013) === Shepherd ya fara fafatawa a fannoni daban-daban a ƙarƙashin sunan Ryan Rollins a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a Ostiraliya da wasu kamfanoni kamar National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Career « Australian Suicide « Wrestlers Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=13804&page=20 |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.cagematch.net |archive-date=2025-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307141852/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=13804&page=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Melbourne City Wrestling, <ref name="auto" /> Slam Factory Wrestling <ref name="auto" /> da sauran gasa. <ref name="auto" /> A shekarar 2012, Lance Storm ta horar da shi yayin da yake fafatawa a Kanada kafin ya isa gasar Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide a Mexico a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Lucha Libre AAA a Duniya (2013-2020) === A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2013, Rollins ya fara buga wasa a Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) a matsayin ''luchador enmascarado'' (mai kokawa mai rufe fuska) yayin da Australiya Suicide ta haɗu da Angélico da Jack Evans inda suka doke Eterno, Pentagon Jr. da Steve Pain. A ranar 16 ga Maris, 2014, a <nowiki><i id="mwNg">Rey de Reyes</i></nowiki>, Suicide ta fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin AAA Cruiserweight inda ya sha kashi a hannun Daga a wasan share fage mai hanyoyi huɗu wanda ya shiga tsakanin Argenis da Super Fly . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Triplemanía XXII, Suicide wani ɓangare ne na wasan share fage mai hanyoyi goma don haɗa Gasar Cin Kofin AAA Fusión da AAA Cruiserweight . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Joel |date=2021-01-06 |title=CWA Announces Upcoming Closed-Door Event; Australian Suicide to wrestle for intercontinental title |url=https://www.contralona.com/single-post/cwa-australian-suicide-010621-eng |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Contralona |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2015, Suicide ta yi rikici da Daga a duk wasannin AAA, ciki har da a ''Triplemanía XXIV'' inda Suicide ta lashe Copa Triplemania a kan abokin hamayyarsa kuma Daga da kansa ya kai masa hari bayan kammala wasan. <ref name="SLLive">{{Cite web |last=Ocampo |first=Ernesto |date=August 28, 2016 |title=Cobertura y Resultatdos: AAA Triplemania XXIV Psycho Clown vs. Pagano, Regresa Rey Mysterio |url=http://superluchas.com/cobertura-y-resultados-aaa-triplemania-xxiv-psycho-clown-vs-pagano-regresa-rey-mysterio/ |access-date=August 28, 2016 |publisher=[[Súper Luchas]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Oktoba a ''Héroes Inmortales X'', Daga ya sha kaye a hannun wani abokin hamayyarsa a wasan ''Lucha de Apuestas'', wanda aka yi da gashin kai da abin rufe fuska, inda aka tilasta masa cire abin rufe fuska ya bayyana sunansa, Broderick Shepherd daga Melbourne, Ostiraliya. <ref name="ASAPuesta">{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2016 |title=Australian Suicide sin máscara en Héroes Inmortales X |url=http://www.luchalibreaaa.com/cronicas-aaa/australian-suicide-sin-mascara-en-heroes-inmortales-x/ |access-date=October 3, 2016 |publisher=AAA |language=es}}</ref> A tsawon lokacin da ya rasa abin rufe fuska, kisan kai ya fara canza halinsa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2025)">ana buƙatar bayani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 4 ga Yuni 2017 a ''Verano de Escandalo'', Suicide ya haɗu da Bengala don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta AAA inda aka naɗa La Secta ( Cuervo da Scoria ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rueda |first=Yael |date=2024-07-16 |title=Vanilla Vargas regresó a México y quiere una rivalidad con Keira |url=https://esto.com.mx/831529-vanilla-vargas-regreso-a-mexico-con-cvw-y-viene-a-triunfar-en-la-lucha-libre/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=ESTO |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Janairu 2018 a ''Guerra de Titanes'', Suicide ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta AAA bayan ya doke Lanzeloth a karon farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wasan farko ''na Triplemanía XXVI'', Suicide ya rasa kambunsa ga Sammy Guevara a wasan da aka buga ta hanyoyi huɗu, wanda kuma ya haɗa da ACH da Shane Strickland . <ref name="solowrestling4">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-26 |title=Sammy Guevara se convierte en el nuevo Campeón de Peso Crucero de AAA |url=https://www.solowrestling.com/new/73636-sammy-guevara-se-convierte-en-el-nuevo-campeon-de-peso-crucero-de-aaa |access-date=January 18, 2019 |website=solowrestling.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Shepherd ya auri abokin kokawa Vanilla Vargas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2020, Vargas ta sanar a shafinta na Twitter cewa suna tsammanin ɗansu na fari tare. <ref name="AAANotice">{{Cite web |last=Ocampo |first=Ernesto |date=July 9, 2020 |title=Australian Suicide y Vanilla Vargas anunciaron su embarazo |url=https://superluchas.com/aaa-australian-suicide-vanilla-vargas-embarazo/ |access-date=July 9, 2020 |publisher=SuperLuchas |language=es}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun kuma bar Mexico don zama a Puerto Rico kafin su koma Mexico a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Joel |date=2021-01-06 |title=CWA Announces Upcoming Closed-Door Event; Australian Suicide to wrestle for intercontinental title |url=https://www.contralona.com/single-post/cwa-australian-suicide-010621-eng |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=Contralona |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rueda |first=Yael |date=2024-07-16 |title=Vanilla Vargas regresó a México y quiere una rivalidad con Keira |url=https://esto.com.mx/831529-vanilla-vargas-regreso-a-mexico-con-cvw-y-viene-a-triunfar-en-la-lucha-libre/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=ESTO |language=es}}</ref> Shepherd ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a ranar 6 ga Maris 2025, yana da shekaru 32. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A makonnin da suka gabaci mutuwarsa, Shepherd ya faɗi a kan matakala kuma ya sami bugu a kai; bai nemi taimakon likita ba. A ranar 5 ga Maris, yayin da yake ziyartar wata kasuwa kusa da birnin Mexico tare da iyalansa, ya suma, ya sake bugun kansa. An kai shi asibiti a Chimalhuacán, amma ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan tsakar dare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAA Sin Limite « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |website=www.cagematch.net |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729184442/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=102088 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] ===MANAZARTA=== 01sbaawoycrlillkzvgcw5o7c978tyl 0 131148 841339 769279 2026-05-28T09:44:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Gidajen Douglass''' shiri ne na bayar da tallafin digiri wanda ba na digiri ba wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2007 kuma a buɗe yake ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na Rutgers a kowace makarantar da ke ba da tallafin digiri na Jami'ar Rutgers-New Brunswick. Ya maye gurbin '''Kwalejin Douglass''' mai ba da tallafin digiri na fasaha wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1918. An sake wa Douglass, wacce aka fara kiranta Kwalejin Mata ta [[New Jersey]], suna a shekarar 1955 bayan wanda ya kafa ta kuma shugabanta na farko, Mabel Smith Douglass. Kwalejin Douglass mai bayar da digiri mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta rufe bayan an haɗa ta da sauran kwalejojin digiri na farko a Rutgers-New Brunswick a shekarar 2007. Shirin ƙarin ilimi wanda ba na digiri ba ne, wanda aka fi sani da "Kwalejin Mazaunin Douglas" wanda ya maye gurbinsa a buɗe yake ga ɗalibai a kowace makarantar da ke ba da digiri na Rutgers-New Brunswick. == Shugabannin == * Mabel Smith Douglass (1918–1932): Mabel Smith Douglass, wacce ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Barnard, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin mata ta jihar New Jersey . * Margaret Trumbull Corwin (1934–1955): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Bryn Mawr tare da digiri na biyu daga Yale. A lokacin da Dean Corwin ke aiki ne Kwalejin Mata ta New Jersey ta zama Kwalejin Douglass. * Mary Bunting (1955–1960): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Vassar tare da digiri na gaba a fannin ilimin halittu masu rai daga Jami'ar Wisconsin. Ta yi murabus don zama shugabar Radcliffe. * Ruth Marie Adams (1960–1966): Ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin Turanci daga Radcliffe. Ta yi murabus don zama shugabar Wellesley. * Margery Somers Foster (1967–1975): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Wellesley tare da digirin digirgir a fannin tattalin arziki daga Radcliffe. * Jewel Plummer Cobb (1976–1981): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Talladega da ke Alabama tare da digiri na gaba a fannin ilmin halittar kwayoyin halitta daga Jami'ar New York. Ta yi murabus don zama shugabar Jami'ar Jihar California da ke Fullerton. * Mary S. Hartman (1982–1994): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Swarthmore tare da digirin MA da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Columbia a fannin tarihi, Mary S. Hartman ta zama memba a Sashen Tarihi na Douglass a shekarar 1968 (Cibiyar Jagorancin Mata, 2004, shafi na 19).&nbsp;1). Ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Cibiyar Nazarin Mata daga 1975 zuwa 1977, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar riƙo a 1981, kuma shugabar a 1982. Ta yi murabus don zama darakta a Cibiyar Jagorancin Mata a Jami'ar Rutgers. * Barbara A. Shailor (1996–2001): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Wilson tare da digiri na biyu da digiri na uku a fannin adabi daga Jami'ar Cincinnati. Ta yi murabus don zama Darakta a Laburaren Littattafai da Rubutun Manuscript na Beinecke da ke Jami'ar Yale. An nada ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Fasaha a Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 2003. * Carmen Twillie Ambar (2002–2008): Carmen Twillie Ambar ta kammala karatun digiri a Makarantar Ayyukan Ƙasashen Waje ta Edmund A. Walsh a Jami'ar Georgetown, ta sami digirin shari'a daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Columbia da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin jama'a daga Makarantar Harkokin Jama'a da Ƙasashen Waje ta Woodrow Wilson a Jami'ar Princeton. A shekarar 2008, Ambar ta yi murabus don zama shugabar Kwalejin Cedar Crest da ke Allentown, PA, kuma a shekarar 2017 ta zama Shugabar Kwalejin Oberlin. * Jacquelyn S. Litt (2010–2022): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin William Smith tare da digiri na MA da digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Litt, wacce ta kafa shirye-shirye na musamman a Kwalejin Gidajen Douglass, za ta ci gaba da aiki a Rutgers a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da nazarin mata a Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Rutgers da ke New Brunswick. * Meghan Rehbein (2023-yanzu): Ta kammala karatun digiri a Kwalejin Hampshire tare da digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, tare da digiri na MA a fannin nazarin addini daga Jami'ar Sacred Heart da kuma digiri na Ed.D a fannin jagoranci na ƙungiya daga Kwalejin Stockton. == Shahararrun ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu da kuma shekarar kammala karatunsu == * Alice Aycock DC'68: Mai sassaka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumna Spotlight - Alice Aycock DC'68 {{!}} Douglass Residential College |url=https://douglass.rutgers.edu/news/alumna-spotlight-alice-aycock-dc68 |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=douglass.rutgers.edu}}</ref> * Catherine H. Bailey NJC '42: ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta na tsirrai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bailey, Catherine Hayes, 1921- {{!}} Archives and Special Collections at Rutgers |url=https://archives.libraries.rutgers.edu/repositories/11/archival_objects/362361 |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=archives.libraries.rutgers.edu}}</ref> * Cheri Beasley DC'88: Babban Alkali, Kotun Koli ta North Carolina <ref>{{Cite web |title=Douglass Alumna Appointed North Carolina's First Black Chief Justice |url=https://www.rutgers.edu/news/douglass-alumna-appointed-north-carolinas-first-black-chief-justice |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=www.rutgers.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Leonie Brinkema DC'65: Alkali, Kotun Gundumar Amurka, ED Va. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-19 |title=Alumna talks high-profile court cases |url=https://www.dailytargum.com/article/alumna-talks-high-profile-court-cases-20130919 |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=The Daily Targum |language=en}}</ref> * Elise M. Boulding NJCW'40: Mai fafutukar zaman lafiya, masanin zamantakewa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elise M. Boulding |url=https://centerforneweconomics.org/people/elise-m-boulding/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Schumacher Center for New Economics}}</ref> * Elizabeth Cavanna Harrison NJCW'29: (wanda aka sani da Betty Cavanna kuma an yi amfani da sunaye Elizabeth Headley da Betsy Allen) marubucin littafin yara <ref>{{Cite web |title=USM de Grummond Collection - BETTY CAVANNA PAPERS |url=https://lib.usm.edu/legacy/degrum/public_html/html/research/findaids/cavanna.htm |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=lib.usm.edu}}</ref> * Carol T. Christ DC'66: tsohuwar Shugaba, Kwalejin Smith, Chancellor na Jami'ar California, Berkeley na yanzu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography {{!}} Smith College |url=https://www.smith.edu/president-carol-christ/biography |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=www.smith.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210120829/https://www.smith.edu/president-carol-christ/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Janet Evanovich DC'65: marubuciya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evanovich, Janet {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/evanovich-janet |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> * Jeanne Fox DC'74: Tsohuwar shugabar Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta New Jersey <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeanne Fox {{!}} Columbia SIPA |url=https://www.sipa.columbia.edu/communities-connections/faculty/jeanne-fox |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=www.sipa.columbia.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Jaynee LaVecchia DC'76: Alkalin Kotun Koli ta New Jersey <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaynee LaVecchia |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Jaynee_LaVecchia |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=Ballotpedia |language=en}}</ref> * Susan Martin DC'68: Farfesar Jami'ar Georgetown mai ritaya, ƙwararriya kan ƙaura daga ƙasashen waje <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why I Give – Susan Martin DC’68 {{!}} Douglass Residential College |url=https://douglass.rutgers.edu/news/why-i-give-susan-martin-dc68 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=douglass.rutgers.edu}}</ref> * Annette Meyers, 1955, marubuciyar labari mai ban mamaki <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Mystery Novelist |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/11/starting-novelist-writer-career-leadership_0211_annette_meyers.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * [[Imbolo Mbu|Imbolo Mbue]] DC'02: marubuci <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rutgers Alumna Wins PEN/Faulkner Fiction Award for ‘Behold the Dreamers’ |url=https://www.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-alumna-wins-penfaulkner-fiction-award-behold-dreamers |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.rutgers.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Janet L. Norwood DC'45: masanin tattalin arziki, Kwamishinan Kididdiga na Ma'aikata na Amurka (1979–1991) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commissioners |url=https://www.bls.gov/bls/history/commissioners/norwood.htm |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Bureau of Labor Statistics |language=en-us}}</ref> * Judith Shatin DC'71: mawaki <ref>{{Cite web |title=About – Judith Shatin |url=https://www.judithshatin.com/about/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kathleen C. Taylor, DC'64, injiniyan sinadarai da kera motoci da ta lashe kyautar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathleen C. Taylor {{!}} Chemical Heritage Foundation |url=http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/public-and-environmental-health/environmental-chemistry/taylor-k.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712164917/http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/public-and-environmental-health/environmental-chemistry/taylor-k.aspx |archive-date=2016-07-12 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.chemheritage.org}}</ref> * Freda L. Wolfson DC'76: Alkali, Kotun Gundumar Amurka, DNJ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wolfson, Freda L. {{!}} Federal Judicial Center |url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/wolfson-freda-l |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.fjc.gov}}</ref> == Manazarta == 76lse2nb5ww1d2ed2po9ok6nafxqr50 0 132474 840529 772163 2026-05-27T17:50:06Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 840529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Masara da kankana.jpg|thumb|Hannes Alfvén]] '''Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén''' ( ; 30 ga Mayu 1908 - 2 ga Afrilu 1995 ) injiniyan lantarki ne na ƙasar Sweden, masanin kimiyyar lissafi na plasma kuma ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta 1970 a fannin kimiyyar lissafi saboda aikinsa kan [[magnetohydrodynamics]] (MHD). Ya bayyana ajin raƙuman MHD da yanzu ake kira Alfvén waves . An fara horar da shi a matsayin injiniyan wutar lantarki kuma daga baya ya koma bincike da koyarwa a fannonin kimiyyar lissafi na plasma da injiniyan lantarki . Alfvén ya ba da gudummawa da yawa ga kimiyyar lissafi na plasma, gami da ka'idoji da ke bayyana halayen [[Aurora|aurorae]], bel ɗin radiation na Van Allen, tasirin [[Guguwar Geomagnetic|guguwar maganadisu]] akan filin maganadisu na Duniya, [[magnetosphere]] na ƙasa, da kuma yanayin plasmas a cikin galaxy na Milky Way . == Ilimi == Alfvén ya sami digirin digirgir daga Jami'ar Uppsala a shekarar 1934. An yi masa taken "Binciken Raƙuman Wutar Lantarki Mai Yawan Mita." == Shekarun farko == A shekarar 1934, Alfvén ya koyar da kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Uppsala da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Nobel (daga baya aka sake masa suna Manne Siegbahn Institute of Physics <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ) da ke [[Stockholm]], Sweden. A shekarar 1940, ya zama farfesa a fannin ka'idar lantarki da ma'aunin lantarki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Stockholm. A shekarar 1945, ya sami matsayin da ba a nada shi ba na Shugaban Lantarki. An canza masa suna zuwa Shugaban Kimiyyar Lissafi ta Plasma a shekarar 1963. Daga 1954 zuwa 1955, Alfvén ya kasance Malamin Fulbright a Jami'ar Maryland, College Park . A shekarar 1967, bayan ya bar Sweden kuma ya shafe lokaci a [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], ya koma Amurka. Alfvén ya yi aiki a sassan injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar California, San Diego da Jami'ar Kudancin California . == Shekarun da suka biyo baya == [[Fayil:26._Tagung_1976_Physiker;_Eröffnung;_Ehrengäste_sitzend-_Kardinal_König,_Oberbürgermeister_Steurer,_Hannes_Alfvén,_dahinter_Frau_Forßmann,_rechtsim_Pr_-_LABW_-_Staatsarchiv_Freiburg_W_134_Nr._106813a.jpeg|thumb|Alfven a shekarar 1976]] A shekarar 1991, Alfvén ya yi ritaya a matsayin farfesa a fannin injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar California, San Diego da kuma farfesa a fannin kimiyyar plasma a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Stockholm. Alfvén ya yi rayuwarsa ta girma a tsakanin [[California]] da Sweden. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 86. == Bincike == A shekarar 1937, Alfvén ya yi jayayya cewa idan plasma ya mamaye sararin samaniya, to zai iya ɗaukar kwararar wutar lantarki da ke iya samar da filin maganadisu na galactic. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Nobel saboda ayyukansa a [[magnetohydrodynamics]], ya jaddada cewa:<blockquote>Domin fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa a wani yanki na plasma, ya zama dole a yi taswirar ba kawai maganadisu ba, har ma da filin lantarki da kwararar wutar lantarki. Sararin samaniya yana cike da hanyar sadarwa ta kwararar wutar lantarki waɗanda ke canja wurin kuzari da kuzari a kan manyan nisa ko manyan nisa. Sau da yawa kwararar wutar lantarki suna matsewa zuwa kwararar filamentary ko saman ruwa. Na biyun yana iya ba da sarari, haka kuma sararin interstellar da intergalactic, tsarin tantanin halitta . <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref></blockquote>An tabbatar da aikinsa na ka'idar kan kwararar wutar lantarki masu daidaitawa a cikin aurora (bisa ga aikin da Kristian Birkeland ya yi a baya) a shekarar 1967, yanzu ana kiran waɗannan kwararar da kwararar Birkeland . Masanin kimiyya ɗan Birtaniya Sydney Chapman ya kasance mai suka sosai ga Alfvén. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ɗauki Alfvén a matsayin mai goyon bayan ra'ayoyi marasa tushe RH Stuewer yana lura da cewa "... ya ci gaba da zama baƙo mai ɗaci, yana samun ƙarancin girmamawa daga sauran masana kimiyya ko da bayan ya sami kyautar Nobel..." <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana tilasta masa ya buga takardunsa a cikin mujallu marasa tushe. Alfvén ya tuna:<blockquote>Idan na bayyana [abin da ke faruwa a cikin plasma] bisa ga wannan tsari, yawancin alkalai ba sa fahimtar abin da nake faɗa kuma suna ƙin takardar shaidar da na bayar. Tare da tsarin alkalai wanda ke mulkin kimiyyar Amurka a yau, wannan yana nufin cewa ba kasafai ake karɓar takarduna a manyan mujallu na Amurka ba. <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref></blockquote>Alfvén ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka: * Masanin kimiyyar plasma * Haskokin barbashi masu caji * Ma'aunin Intanet * [[Magnetosphere|kimiyyar lissafi mai siffar magnetosphere]] * [[Magnetohydrodynamics]] * Binciken abubuwan da ke faruwa a rana (kamar iskar rana ) * [[Aurora|Kimiyyar Aurorae]] A shekarar 1939, Alfvén ya gabatar da ka'idar [[Guguwar Geomagnetic|guguwar maganadisu]] da auroras da kuma ka'idar yanayin jini a cikin [[magnetosphere]] na [[Duniya]] . Wannan ita ce takardar da mujallar Amurka ta ƙi amincewa ''da'' ita. Amfanin binciken Alfvén a kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun haɗa da: * Ka'idar bel ɗin radiation na Van Allen * Rage filin maganadisu na Duniya yayin [[Guguwar Geomagnetic|guguwar maganadisu]] * [[Magnetosphere]] (jini mai kariya wanda ke rufe Duniya) * Samuwar wutsiyoyin tauraro mai wutsiya * [[Tsarin hasken rana|Samuwar Tsarin Rana]] * Tsarin plasma a cikin galaxy * Ilimin halittar jiki Ra'ayoyin Alfvén sun bi na wanda ya kafa kimiyyar magnetospheric, Kristian Birkeland . A ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara, Birkeland ya gabatar da (wanda bayanai masu yawa suka goyi baya) cewa kwararar wutar lantarki da ke gudana a kan filayen maganadisu na Duniya zuwa cikin sararin samaniya sun haifar da rikicewar aurora da maganadisu na polar. Fannin fasaha da ke amfana daga gudummawar Alfvén sun haɗa da: * Masu hanzarta ƙwayoyin cuta * Haɗin thermonuclear mai sarrafawa * Jirgin sama mai tsauri * Tura [[Rocket|roka]] * Sake kunna birki na motocin sararin samaniya Gudummawa ga ilmin taurari: * Filin maganadisu na Galactic (1937) * Gano hasken synchrotron mara zafi daga tushen ilmin taurari (1950) An ambaci raƙuman ruwa na Alfvén (ƙarancin mitoci na hydromagnetic plasma oscillations ) don girmama shi, kuma suna yaɗuwa a saurin Alfvén. Yawancin ka'idojinsa game da tsarin hasken rana an tabbatar da su tun daga shekarun 1980 ta hanyar ma'aunin waje na cometary da planetary magnetospheres. Duk da haka, Alfvén da kansa ya lura cewa littattafan ilmin taurari ba su da kyau wajen wakiltar abubuwan da aka sani game da plasma:<blockquote>Nazarin yadda ake yin wasu daga cikin littattafan karatu da aka fi amfani da su a fannin ilmin taurari suna kula da muhimman ra'ayoyi kamar layuka biyu, saurin gaske, tasirin tsunkule, da kuma da'irori. An gano cewa ɗaliban da ke amfani da waɗannan littattafan ba su san ko da wanzuwar waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba, duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu sanannu ne tsawon rabin ƙarni (misali, layuka biyu, Langmuir, 1929; tasirin tsunkule, Bennet, 1934). </blockquote>Alfvén ya ruwaito cewa daga cikin litattafai 17 da aka fi amfani da su a fannin ilmin taurari, babu wanda ya ambaci tasirin pinch, babu wanda ya ambaci saurin ionization mai mahimmanci, da'irori biyu kawai da aka ambata, da kuma layuka uku da aka ambata biyu. Alfvén ya yi imanin cewa matsalar da ke tattare da Big Bang ita ce masana ilmin taurari sun yi ƙoƙarin bayyana asalin sararin samaniya daga ka'idojin lissafi da aka haɓaka a kan allo, maimakon farawa daga abubuwan da aka sani da za a iya gani. Ya kuma ɗauki Big Bang a matsayin [[Camfi|tatsuniya]] da aka ƙirƙira don bayyana halitta. <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Alfvén da abokan aikinsa sun gabatar da samfurin Alfvén-Klein a matsayin madadin ka'idar sararin samaniya ga duka ka'idar Big Bang da ka'idar yanayin da ke tsaye . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Alfvén ya yi aure na tsawon shekaru 67 da matarsa Kerstin (1910–1992). Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyar, namiji ɗaya da mata huɗu. Ɗansu ya zama likita, yayin da 'ya mace ɗaya ta zama marubuciya ɗaya kuma lauya a Sweden. Marubuciyar ita ce Inger Alfvén kuma an san ta da aikinta a Sweden. Mawaki Hugo Alfvén kawun Hannes Alfvén ne. Alfvén ya yi nazarin tarihin kimiyya, [[Falsafar Gabas|falsafar gabas]], da [[addini]] . Dangane da ra'ayinsa na addini, Alfven ba shi da addini kuma yana sukar addini. <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Ya yi magana da Yaren mutanen Sweden, Turanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Rashanci, da kuma wasu Sifaniyanci da Sinanci. Ya nuna matukar damuwa game da wahalhalun da ke tattare da sarrafa sharar rediyoaktif mai inganci na dindindin." <ref name="radioactive1979">{{Cite journal |last=Abbotts, John |date=October 1979 |title=Radioactive waste: A technical solution? |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=35 |issue=8 |pages=12–18 |bibcode=1979BuAtS..35h..12A |doi=10.1080/00963402.1979.11458649}}</ref> Alfvén yana kuma da sha'awar matsalolin ilmin sararin samaniya da dukkan fannoni na kimiyyar auroral, kuma ya yi amfani da sanannen littafin Schröder kan aurora, ''Das Phänomen des Polarlichts'' . An buga wasiƙun Alfvén, Treder, da Schröder a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 70 da haihuwar Treder. Schröder ya tattauna dangantakar da ke tsakanin Hans-Jürgen Treder, Hannes Alfvén da Wilfried Schröder dalla-dalla a cikin littattafansa. Alfvén ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1995 a Djursholm yana da shekaru 86. == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == An sanya wa kyautar Hannes Alfvén, wacce ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar jiki ta Turai ke bayarwa kowace shekara saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kimiyyar jini, sunanta. An sanya wa Alfvén, tauraron dan adam na 1778, suna ne don girmama shi. === Kyaututtuka ===   Alfvén yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan masana kimiyya kaɗan waɗanda suka kasance memba na ƙasashen waje na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amurka da Soviet . <ref>{{cite news |author=Walter Sullivan |date=April 5, 1995 |title=Hannes Alfven, 86, Founder Of Field in Physics, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/05/obituaries/hannes-alfven-86-founder-of-field-in-physics-is-dead.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun littattafan karatu == Don cikakken jerin wallafe-wallafe duba. ; Littattafai  ; Labarai  == Duba kuma == * Mai kunna sauti na Alfvén * Plasma na ilmin taurari * Takardar halin yanzu ta heliospheric * Sake haɗawa da maganadisu * Magnetohydrodynamic hayaniyar * Ruwan Magnetosonic * Ruwan Marklund * Sigogin plasma * Daidaiton jini * Iskar rana * Spheromak == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] od22gy8daql8psbna5ineqv9svvbdwa 0 132736 840600 793582 2026-05-27T22:26:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park''' (KPSHS), wacce aka fi sani da '''Keebra Park''' ko '''Keebra''', makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati mai haɗin gwiwa, wacce ke cikin yankin [[Gold Coast]] na Southport, Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. Makarantar tana cikin Sashe na 6 na majalisar Gold Coast. == Dalibai == === Matakan shekara === Makarantun sakandare na Queensland sun fara kula da aji na 7 don daidaita Queensland da sauran jihohi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatarwa a hukumance a cikin 2015 na shirin "Flying Start" na Anna Bligh na jihar baki ɗaya.[1] A matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin 2013, wasu makarantu sun aiwatar da wannan sauyi da wuri. 2013 shine shekarar ƙarshe da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park ta ɗauki nauyin aji na 8 zuwa aji na 12 kawai. [2] :2Tun daga shekarar 2014, [3] :3Matakan shekarun da ake bayarwa a wannan makarantar a yanzu sune Aji 7 zuwa Aji 12. [4] :2 === Rijistar ɗalibai === A shekarar 2023, an ruwaito cewa Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Keebra Park tana da matsakaicin adadin ɗaliban da za su iya shiga makarantar.<ref name="capacity_education_2023">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Keebra Park State High School |url=https://education.qld.gov.au/parents-and-carers/enrolment/management-plans/keebra-park-state-high-school |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327040604/https://education.qld.gov.au/parents-and-carers/enrolment/management-plans/keebra-park-state-high-school |archive-date=27 March 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=Education |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Student enrolment trends ! rowspan="2" |Year ! colspan="6" |Year levels ! rowspan="2" |Boys ! rowspan="2" |Girls ! rowspan="2" |Total ! rowspan="2" |Ref |- !7 !8 !9 !10 !11 !12 |- !2008 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |681 |<ref name="annual-report_2008">{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Keebra Park State High School |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2008.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093959/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2008.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]]}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} |- !2009 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |403 | style="text-align:center" |213 | style="text-align:center" |616 |<ref name="annual-report_2009">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Our staff profile |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2009.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093959/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2009.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]]}}</ref>{{Rp|3}} |- !2010 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |436 | style="text-align:center" |229 | style="text-align:center" |665 |<ref name="annual-report_2010">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Queensland State School Reporting - 2010 - Keebra Park State High School (2046) |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093954/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2010.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} |- !2011 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |477 | style="text-align:center" |229 | style="text-align:center" |706 |<ref name="annual-report_2011">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Queensland State School Reporting - 2011 - Keebra Park State High School (2046) |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093952/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2011.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} |- !2012 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |452 | style="text-align:center" |241 | style="text-align:center" |693 |<ref name="annual-report_2012">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Keebra Park State High School (2046) - Queensland State School Reporting - 2012 School Annual Report |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093955/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2012.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} |- !2013 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |457 | style="text-align:center" |254 | style="text-align:center" |711 |<ref name="annual-report_2013">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Queensland State School Reporting - 2013 School Annual Report |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093949/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2013.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}} |- !2014 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |429 | style="text-align:center" |254 | style="text-align:center" |683 |<ref name="annual-report_2014">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Queensland State School Reporting - 2014 School Annual Report |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2014.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093951/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2014.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|3}}<ref name="acara_2014">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2015 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |488 | style="text-align:center" |282 | style="text-align:center" |770 |<ref name="annual-report_2015">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Queensland State School Reporting - 2015 School Annual Report |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2015.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093947/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2015.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2015">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2016 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |453 | style="text-align:center" |306 | style="text-align:center" |759 |<ref name="annual-report_2016">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Annual Report 2016 - Queensland State School Reporting |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822094004/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2016.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|3}}<ref name="acara_2016">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2017 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |492 | style="text-align:center" |349 | style="text-align:center" |841 |<ref name="annual-report_2017">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Annual Report 2017 - Queensland State School Reporting |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2017.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093955/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2017.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|4}}<ref name="acara_2017">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2018 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |464 | style="text-align:center" |339 | style="text-align:center" |803 |<ref name="annual-report_2018">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Annual Report 2018 - Queensland State School Reporting |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302212215/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/Supportandresources/Formsanddocuments/Annual%20reports/annual-report-2012.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2017 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|3}}<ref name="acara_2018">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2019 | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" | - | style="text-align:center" |481 | style="text-align:center" |332 | style="text-align:center" |813 |<ref name="annual-report_2019">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Keebra Park State High School - Annual Report 2019 - Queensland State School Reporting |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2019.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822094000/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2019.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2019">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2020 | style="text-align:center" |186 | style="text-align:center" |155 | style="text-align:center" |151 | style="text-align:center" |158 | style="text-align:center" |126 | style="text-align:center" |138 | style="text-align:center" |548 | style="text-align:center" |366 | style="text-align:center" |914 |<ref name="annual-report_2020">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Keebra Park State High School - School Annual Report - Queensland State School Reporting - 2020 |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822093948/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2020.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2020">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2021 | style="text-align:center" |187 | style="text-align:center" |194 | style="text-align:center" |181 | style="text-align:center" |154 | style="text-align:center" |161 | style="text-align:center" |116 | style="text-align:center" |595 | style="text-align:center" |398 | style="text-align:center" |993 |<ref name="annual-report_2021">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Keebra Park State High School - School Annual Report - Queensland State School Reporting - 2021 |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2021.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030232559/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2021.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]]}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2021">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825161103/https://www.myschool.edu.au/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2022 | style="text-align:center" |166 | style="text-align:center" |193 | style="text-align:center" |205 | style="text-align:center" |196 | style="text-align:center" |167 | style="text-align:center" |142 | style="text-align:center" |644 | style="text-align:center" |425 | style="text-align:center" |1,069 |<ref name="annual-report_2022">{{Cite web |date=2 Jun 2023 |title=Keebra Park State High School - School Annual Report - Queensland State School Reporting - 2021 |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual%20report%202022.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503130000/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual%20report%202022.pdf |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (Queensland)|Queensland Government – Department of Education and Training]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2022">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, QLD |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823161943/https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2022 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=[[My School]] (www.myschool.edu.au) |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en }}</ref> |- !2023 | style="text-align:center" |174 | style="text-align:center" |167 | style="text-align:center" |193 | style="text-align:center" |205 | style="text-align:center" |173 | style="text-align:center" |141 | style="text-align:center" |607 | style="text-align:center" |446 | style="text-align:center" |1,053 |<ref name="annual-report_2023">{{Cite web |date=7 Jun 2024 |title=Keebra Park State High School│School Annual Report│Queensland State School Reporting│2023 |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2023.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501104859/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2023.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (New South Wales)]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|16}}<ref name="acara_2023">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, NSW → 2023 |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2023 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106064504/https://myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2023 |archive-date=6 January 2026 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=[[My School]] |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en }}</ref> |- !2024 | style="text-align:center" |159 | style="text-align:center" |160 | style="text-align:center" |151 | style="text-align:center" |181 | style="text-align:center" |173 | style="text-align:center" |152 | style="text-align:center" |558 | style="text-align:center" |418 | style="text-align:center" |976 |<ref name="annual-report_2024">{{Cite web |date=9 Jun 2025 |title=2024 Annual Report│Keebra Park State High School |url=https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2024.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019045336/https://keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au/supportandresources/formsanddocuments/annualreports/annual-report-2024.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2025 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Keebra Park State High School (www.keebraparkshs.eq.edu.au) |publisher=[[Department of Education (New South Wales)]] |language=en }}</ref>{{Rp|2}}<ref name="acara_2024">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, NSW → 2024 |url=https://www.myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2024 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106143351/https://myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2024 |archive-date=6 January 2026 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=[[My School]] |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en }}</ref> |- !2025 | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |584 | style="text-align:center" |417 | style="text-align:center" |1,001 |<ref name="acara_2025">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Keebra Park State High School, Southport, NSW → 2025 |url=https://myschool.edu.au/school/47440/profile/2025 |access-date=7 January 2026 |website=[[My School]] |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]] (ACARA) |language=en}}</ref> |- !2026 | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA | style="text-align:center" |TBA |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2026}} |} == Manazarta == 0tcmiqswckdvwfothqkkppx135vkj5g 0 133011 840625 785660 2026-05-28T00:22:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840625 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Khurshid Anwar Gayavi''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1964) masanin addinin Sunni ne kuma babban malami na Hadith a Darul Uloom Deoband, wani babban makarantar tauhidin Musulunci a Indiya. Ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi da gudanarwa, gami da a matsayin shugaban Ma'aikatun Ilimi (''Nazim-e-Ta'leemat'') daga 2019 zuwa 2022. Gayavi ya ba da gudummawa ga ilimin Islama ta hanyar aikin edita a kan matani na gargajiya a cikin harshen Larabci da ma'ana, da kuma ta hanyar litattafai kan shari'a. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Khurshid Anwar Gaya a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1964 a Hirdai Chak, a cikin Gundumar Gaya (yanzu Gundumar Arwal), Bihar, Indiya. Mahaifinsa, Muhammad Adil, ya kammala karatu a Darul Uloom Deoband kuma ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin malaman kamar Hussain Ahmad Madani, Izaz Ali Amrohi, da Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi . Ya yi aiki a matsayin ''Sheikh al-Hadith'' a Jamia Arabia Ashrafia, Naya Bhojpur, Bihar, kuma daga baya ya zama mai gudanarwa na Madrasa Anwarul Uloom, Gaya . Kakansa, Moulvi Abdul Ghafur, yana da alaƙa da Imarat-e-Shariah, Phulwari Sharif, Patna.{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021}} Gayavi ya fara karatunsa a karkashin mahaifinsa a Madrasa Khairul Uloom a Tori, Chandwa, Jharkhand . Ya yi karatu a takaice a Madrasa Faiz-ur-Rashid a Sisai, a baya a Gundumar Ranchi, kuma daga baya ya ci gaba da haddace Kur'ani a ƙauyensa. Ya kammala haddace shi a Madrasa Anwarul Uloom, Gaya . Daga nan sai ya yi nazarin rubutun Farisa da Larabci a Madrasa Rahmaniya, Roorkee, gami da ''Gulistan'', ''Bustan'', ''[[Yusuf da Zulaikha|Yusuf Zulaikha]]'', ''Sikandar Nama'', ''Akhlaq-e-Mohsini'', da ''Risala Abdul Wasi'' . Ya kammala karatu har zuwa shekara ta uku ta Larabci. Daga nan ya ci gaba a Madrasa Khadimul Uloom, Baghonwali, Muzaffarnagar . {{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021}} Ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband inda, bayan da ya fuskanci matsaloli na shigarwa a cikin shekara guda na canjin gudanarwa, an shigar da shi kuma ya kammala aji na shida da na bakwai. Ya kuma kammala karatun ''Daurah Hadith'' (Hadith specialization) da kuma karatun Ifta, ya kammala a 1984 (1404 AH). A lokacin karatunsa na Hadith, sanannun malamai da yawa sun koya masa. Ya yi karatun ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' tare da Naseer Ahmad Khan da [[Abdul Haq Azmi]], ''Muwatta Imam Malik'' tare da Abdul Hax Azmi, ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Jami' al-Tirmidhi]]'' tare da Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri da Mirajul Haq Deobandi, Sahih Muslim tare da Arshad Madani da Qamaruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri, ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abi Dawud]]'' tare da Muhammad Hussain Bihari da Nematullah Azami, ''[[Sunan ibn Majah]]'' tare da Riyasat Ali Zafar Bijnori al-Nasa'i tare da Madidi, da Abdul Sh Sh Sh Shama == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1984, Gayavi ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin mataimakin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband, inda ya yi aiki kusan shekaru biyu. Daga baya ya koyar da 'ya'yan babban masanin Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri na kimanin shekara daya da rabi. A shekara ta 1988 (1409 AH), ya karbi nadinsa na yau da kullun a matsayin malami a Darul Uloom Deoband . <ref name="Khalīli">{{Cite book|last3=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi}}</ref> A cikin shekaru, ya koyar da matani daban-daban na Islama ciki har da kundi na biyu na ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', kundi na biyu ya ''Mishkat al-Masabih'', ''Hujjatullah-il-Balighah'', da kuma wasu sassan tsarin karatun shari'ar Hanafi (Dars-e-Shami). A cikin 2019 (1440 AH), an inganta shi zuwa matsayin babban malami (''darja-e-ʿulyā'') a ma'aikatar kuma, a wannan shekarar, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban Ma'aikatun Ilimi (''Nazim-e-Ta'leemat'') ta majalisar Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref name="Khalīli" /> Ya rike wannan mukamin har zuwa Maris 2022. A lokacin taron kwamitin gudanarwa (Majlis-e-Shura) da aka gudanar a ranar 14-15 ga Maris 2022, Gayavi ya gabatar da murabus dinsa daga mukamin saboda dalilai na kansa. Matsayin ya kasance babu kowa har zuwa 28 Maris 2022, lokacin da aka nada Hussain Ahmad Haridwari a matsayin magajinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-16 |title=दारुल उलूम देवबंद की मजलिस-ए-आमिला की एक दिवसीय बैठक |trans-title=Darul uloom deoband Working committee one day meeting held in deoband |url=https://www.patrika.com/saharanpur-news/darul-uloom-deoband-working-committee-one-day-meeting-held-in-deoband-4846009 |access-date=2025-07-02 |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Qindeel">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Maulana Hussain Ahmad Hariduari selected as head of education department at Darul Uloom Deoband |trans-title=Maulana Hussain Ahmad Hariduari selected as head of education department at Darul Uloom Deoband |url=https://qindeelonline.com/maulana-husain-hariduari-selected-heaod-of-education-department-darul-uloom-deoband/ |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=Qindeel Online |language=ur |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203232211/https://qindeelonline.com/maulana-husain-hariduari-selected-heaod-of-education-department-darul-uloom-deoband/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Bhaskar">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=देवबन्द दारुल उलूम में नए शिक्षा प्रभारी की नियुक्ति:मौलाना हुसैन अहमद हरिद्वारी बनाए गए नये शिक्षा प्रभारी |trans-title=Darul Uloom Deoband appoints new education in-charge |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/deoband/news/maulana-hussain-ahmed-haridwari-was-made-the-new-education-in-charge-129577835.html |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Jagran">{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=मौलाना हुसैन अहमद बने दारुल उलूम के नए शिक्षा प्रभारी |trans-title=Maulana Hussain Ahmed became the new education in-charge of Darul Uloom |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur-maulana-hussain-ahmed-became-the-new-education-incharge-of-darul-uloom-22582023.html |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref> == Gudummawar wallafe-wallafen == Gayavi ya ba da gudummawa ga ilimin Islama ta hanyar gyarawa da shirya matani na gargajiya a cikin harshen Larabci da ma'ana.<ref name="Millat">{{Cite web |last=Amini |first=Noor Alam |author-link=Noor Alam Khalil Amini |date=30 June 2020 |title=Shaykh al-Hadith wa Sadr Mudarris Darul Uloom Deoband Alam-e-Yagana Hazrat Mawlana Mufti Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri: Kuch Ta'asurat, Kuch Halat |trans-title=Shaykh al-Hadith and Senior Teacher of Darul Uloom Deoband, The Unique Scholar Hazrat Mawlana Mufti Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri: Some Impressions, Some Life Details |url=https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/57944 |access-date=4 July 2025 |website=[[Millat Times]] |language=ur |archive-date=5 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705110901/https://urdu.millattimes.com/archives/57944 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukansa sun hada da: * ''Miftah al-Tahdhib'', wani sharhi na Urdu game da ''Tahdhib al-Mantiq'', sanannen rubutu game da tunani wanda Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri ya rubuta. Babban ɗan Palanpuri, Rashid Ahmad Palanpiri (1966-1995), ne ya tattara sharhin, kuma daga baya Gayavi ya gyara shi kuma ya shirya shi.<ref name="Millat"/> * ''Miftah al-Awamal'', wani bita na wani sharhin Urdu game da ''Sharh Miʾat ʿAmil'' (wani na gargajiya a kan harshen Larabci) wanda Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad ya rubuta. Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri ne ya sake fasalin aikin kuma Gayavi ne ya shirya shi kuma ya shirya shi.<ref name="Millat"/> Ya kuma rubuta wani littafi mai taken ''Hayat al-Anbiya'' kuma ya rubuta labarai daban-daban game da shari'ar Islama (fiqh), wasu daga cikinsu an gabatar da su a tarurrukan ilimi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] swxschoako5i0iccexershra9hht8dl 0 134458 841358 776084 2026-05-28T09:56:11Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Leonore_Annenberg_and_Walter_Annenberg.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_Nancy_Reagan_Leonore_Annenberg_and_Walter_Annenberg_Attend_a_Private_Dinner_at_Bistro_Garden_Restaurant_in_Beverly_Hills 841358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Hubert Annenberg''' KSG KBE (Maris 13, 1908)&nbsp;– 1 ga Oktoba, 2002) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, mai saka hannun jari, mai taimakon jama'a, kuma diflomasiyya. Annenberg ya mallaki kuma ya gudanar da Triangle Publications, waɗanda suka haɗa da mallakar ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', ''TV Guide'', ''Daily Racing Form'' da mujallar ''Seventeen'' . Shugaba Richard Nixon ne ya naɗa shi a matsayin Jakadan Amurka a Burtaniya, inda ya yi aiki daga 1969 zuwa 1974. A lokacin da yake matsayin jakadan Amurka a Burtaniya, ya ƙulla abota ta kud da kud da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu]] da sauran 'yan gidan sarauta. Bayan da aka fara ganin kurakurai, an yaba masa saboda jajircewarsa a aikin da yake yi, nishaɗin matarsa mai yawa, da kuma kyaututtukan da ya bayar don tallafawa manufofin Birtaniya masu kishin ƙasa, kamar gyaran cocin St. Paul da ke Landan. Ya kuma biya kuɗin gyaran Winfield House, gidan jakadan Amurka. A shekarunsa na ƙarshe, Annenberg ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu taimakon jama'a a Amurka. Ya kafa Gidauniyar Annenberg a shekarar 1989, kuma ya ba da sama da dala biliyan 2 ga cibiyoyin ilimi da wuraren adana kayan fasaha, ciki har da Makarantar Sadarwa ta Annenberg a Jami'ar Pennsylvania da Makarantar Sadarwa ta USC Annenberg da ke Los Angeles. A Sunnylands, filinsa {{Convert|220|acre|ha}} wani kadara kusa da Palm Springs, California, ya nishadantar da sarakuna, shugabanni da sauran shahararrun mutane; yanzu gidan tarihi ne da cibiyar hutu da aka keɓe don haɓaka gadon Annenbergs. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Walter Annenberg a cikin iyalin Yahudawa a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1908. Shi kaɗai ne ɗa ga Sadie Cecelia ( née Friedman; 1879–1965) da Moses Annenberg, wanda ya buga ''Daily Racing Form'' kuma ya sayi ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' a 1936. <ref>Which ones? </ref> Annenberg ya kasance mai yawan magana tun yana ƙarami. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annenberg, Walter H. |url=http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Annenberg__Walter.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131016133658/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Annenberg__Walter.htm |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=pabook.libraries.psu.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JSTOR: Access Check |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093375 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418062722/https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20093375?uid=3739832&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102745748801 |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |jstor=20093375}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia |url=http://www.broadcastpioneers.com/walterannenberg.html |access-date=October 16, 2013 |website=Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia}}</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa mata bakwai: Diana Annenberg (1900–1905), Esther Annenberg Simon Levee (1901–1992), Janet Annenberg Hooker (1904–1997), Enid Annenberg Bensinger Haupt (1906–2005), Lita Annenberg Hazen (1909–1995), Evelyn Annenberg Jaffe Hall (1911–2005), da Harriet Beatrice Annenberg Ames Aronson (1914–1969). Iyalan Annenberg sun ƙaura zuwa Long Island, New York, a shekarar 1920. <ref name="mbc">{{Cite web |last=Gunzerath |first=David |title=Walter Annenberg |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/A/htmlA/annenbergwa/annenbergwa.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322061112/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/A/htmlA/annenbergwa/annenbergwa.htm |archive-date=March 22, 2009 |access-date=November 24, 2007 |website=[[Museum of Broadcast Communications]]}}</ref> Walter ya halarci Makarantar Peddie da ke Hightstown, New Jersey, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1927. <ref name="mbc" /> An shigar da shi Makarantar Wharton a Jami'ar Pennsylvania da ke [[Philadelphia]], amma ya daina karatu ba tare da samun digiri ba. Yayin da yake kwaleji, ya kasance memba na Zeta Beta Tau, wata ƙungiyar Yahudawa ta al'ada. <ref>Which ones? </ref> Annenberg ya fuskanci matsaloli sosai sakamakon tuhume-tuhumen kin biyan haraji da sauran badakalar da suka shafi mahaifinsa a shekarun 1930. Wani muhimmin bangare na rayuwarsa ta girma shi ne gyara sunan iyalin ta hanyar taimakon jama'a da kuma hidimar jama'a. == Aikin kasuwanci == [[Fayil:Queen_Elizabeth_and_prince_Phillip_visit_Sunnylands.jpg|thumb|Annenbergs tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu]] da [[Philip Mountbatten|Yarima Philip]] a gidansu, Sunnylands, a Rancho Mirage, California, a shekarar 1983]] [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan Nancy Reagan Leonore Annenberg and Walter Annenberg Attend a Private Dinner at Bistro Garden Restaurant in Beverly Hills California - DPLA - 1dfa1e4e6efc1d60d970ac55998b048b.jpg|thumb|Leonore da Walter Annenberg tare da Shugaba Ronald Reagan da Mrs. Reagan a shekarar 1988]] Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a shekarar 1942, Annenberg ya karɓi harkokin kasuwancin iyalinsa, inda ya samu nasara daga wasu da suka durƙushe. Ya sayi ƙarin kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa da kuma gidajen rediyo da talabijin, wanda hakan ya haifar da babban nasara. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya samu shine ƙirƙirar ''TV Guide'' a shekarar 1952, wanda ya fara ba tare da shawarar masu ba shi shawara kan harkokin kuɗi ba. Ya kuma ƙirƙiri mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwiQ">Seventeen</i></nowiki> . A shekarun 1970, ''TV Guide'' yana samun riba tsakanin dala 600,000 zuwa dala 1,000,000 a kowane mako. Duk da cewa Annenberg yana gudanar da daularsa ta buga littattafai a matsayin kasuwanci, bai ji tsoron amfani da ita don manufofinsa na siyasa ba. Ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa, ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', ya yi tasiri wajen kawar da gwamnatin birnin [[Philadelphia]] daga cin hanci da rashawa a shekarar 1949. Ta yi kamfen don Shirin Marshall bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ta kai hari ga McCarthyism a shekarun 1950. A shekarar 1966, Annenberg ya yi amfani da ''Inquirer'' don nuna shakku kan takarar Milton Shapp na jam'iyyar Democrat a matsayin gwamnan Pennsylvania . Shapp ya yi suka sosai kan shirin hadewar Pennsylvania Railway da New York Central Railway kuma yana matsa wa Hukumar Kasuwanci ta Amurka da ta hana hakan faruwa. Annenberg, wanda shi ne babban mai hannun jari na Pennsylvania Railway, yana son ganin hadakar ta yi nasara (wanda hakan ya yi) kuma ya fusata da adawar Shapp. A lokacin wani taron manema labarai, wani dan jaridar ''Inquirer'' ya tambayi Shapp ko ya taba zama majiyyaci a asibitin tabin hankali. Ba tare da ya taba shiga ciki ba, Shapp ya ce "a'a." Washegari, wani shafi na farko mai shafi biyar mai taken ''Inquirer'' ya karanta, "Shapp Ya Musanya Zaman Cibiyar Hankali". Shapp da wasu sun danganta rashin nasararsa da jaridar Annenberg. A lokacin da Annenberg ke neman naɗin jakadan Amurka a Burtaniya, wani "edita na musamman" ''na TV Guide'' na ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1969, ya sauya abin da ya kasance goyon bayan da jaridar ta bai wa Smothers Brothers a fafatawar da suka yi da hanyar sadarwarsu, CBS. Editan, "Smothers Out: A Wise Decision," ya yaba da sokewar hanyar sadarwa ta The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, yana tambaya cikin lafazi "Ina barkwanci ya ƙare -- kuma barkwanci ya fara?" Annenberg ya karɓi mukamin jakada daga Shugaba Richard Nixon, wanda a lokacin ya kasance mai yawan kai hari ga Smothers Brothers a cikin iska kuma yana neman ƙarin iko kan abubuwan da ke cikin hanyar sadarwar talabijin. Ko da yake ɗan kasuwa ne mai himma, Annenberg yana da sha'awar hidimar jama'a. A shekarar 1953 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Eisenhower Fellowships . Bayan an zaɓi Richard M. Nixon a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, ya naɗa Annenberg a matsayin jakadan Kotun St James's da ke Burtaniya. A shekarar 1969, bayan matsin lamba bayan takaddamar Shapp, Annenberg ya sayar da ''The Inquirer'' da ''Philadelphia Daily News'', waɗanda ya saya a shekarar 1957, ga Knight Newspapers kan dala miliyan 55. Bayan an naɗa shi jakada, ya shahara sosai. a Birtaniya, an naɗa shi Bencher na Tsakiyar Haikali a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1969 da kuma Kwamandan Knight na [[Order of the British Empire]] (KBE) a 1976. Annenberg ya yi rayuwa mai kyau. Gidansa na lokacin sanyi na Sunnylands da ke Rancho Mirage, California (kusa da Palm Springs ), ya shirya tarurruka tare da mutane kamar Shugaba Ronald Reagan da Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa Nancy Reagan, Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II]], [[Frank Sinatra]], Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, [[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]], da kuma iyalan [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] . Annenberg ya gabatar da Shugaba Reagan ga Firayim Ministan Burtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]], kuma mutanen Reagan sun saba yin bikin Sabuwar Shekara tare da Annenbergs. Shugaba Ronald Reagan ya nada Leonore Annenberg a matsayin Shugaban Yarjejeniyar Ma'aikatar Jiha a farkon 1981. <ref>Which ones? </ref> Sunnylands ya mamaye {{Convert|400|acre|km2|1}} , an gina shi a kan wani {{Convert|650|acre|km2|1}} fili kewaye da bangon stucco a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Frank Sinatra Drive da Bob Hope Drive; kadarar ta haɗa da filin wasan golf. Ana ci gaba da amfani da kadarar don tarurruka da wuraren shakatawa ta manyan mutane. Annenberg ya yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara na Amurka Turanci, wata ƙungiya da ke goyon bayan sanya Turanci ya zama harshen hukuma na Amurka. <ref>Which ones? </ref> Ya zama zakara a talabijin na jama'a, inda ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da Kyautar Golden Plate ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka a 1985, <ref>Which ones? </ref> Kyautar Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci daga Shugaba Reagan a 1986, <ref name="NNDB" /> Kyautar Linus Pauling don Jinƙai, Kyautar Eisenhower ta 1988 don Jagoranci da Sabis, <ref>Which ones? </ref> an naɗa shi Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great a 1998, <ref name="NNDB">{{Cite web |title=Walter Annenberg profile at |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/632/000024560 |access-date=February 10, 2014 |publisher=NNDB}}</ref> kuma an naɗa shi Jami'in Ƙungiyar Daraja ta Faransa. An zaɓe shi memba na Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a 1990 <ref>{{Cite web |title=JSTOR: Access Check |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093375 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418062722/https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/20093375?uid=3739832&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102745748801 |archive-date=April 18, 2020 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |jstor=20093375}}</ref> kuma memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1995. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618085753/http://amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |archive-date=2006-06-18 |access-date=April 19, 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Annenberg ya sayar da Triangle Publications ( ''Jagorar Talabijin'', ''Daily Racing Form'' da wasu wallafe-wallafe) ga fitaccen ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Australiya [[Rupert Murdoch]] a shekarar 1988 kan dala biliyan 3 (kuɗin da aka samu a kafofin watsa labarai a lokacin), yana mai sanar da cewa zai sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga ayyukan agaji. Tarin [[Zanen Ra'ayi|zane-zanen Faransa masu ban sha'awa]] ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 1 a shekarar 1991 kuma an ba shi gudummawarsa ga Gidan Tarihi na Metropolitan da ke birnin New York bayan rasuwarsa a shekarar 2002. A shekarar 1990, ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 50 ga Asusun Kwalejin United Negro wanda shi ne mafi girman adadin da aka taba bayar wa kungiyar. Ya kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Kafa ta Cibiyar Amurka ta Rothermere a [[Jami'ar Oxford]], inda ya taimaka wajen tara kudade don ginin cibiyar da ɗakin karatu. <ref>Which ones? </ref> An nada Annenberg a matsayin Mutumin Shekara na Majagaba a Watsa Labarai na Philadelphia a shekarar 1983 kuma an shigar da shi cikin Gidan Fitattun Masu Watsa Labarai na Philadelphia a shekarar 1992. <ref>Which ones? </ref> A shekarar 1995, ya sami kyautar S. Roger Horchow don Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Jama'a daga wani ɗan ƙasa mai zaman kansa, ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan Jefferson don Ayyukan Jama'a, wanda Cibiyar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka ke bayarwa kowace shekara. <ref>Which ones? </ref> == Taimakon jama'a == A lokacin rayuwarsa, an kiyasta cewa Annenberg ya bayar da gudummawar sama da dala biliyan 2. Ya taɓa cewa "ilimi... yana haɗa wayewa". <ref>Which ones? </ref> Gine-ginen makarantu da yawa, ɗakunan karatu, gidajen sinima, asibitoci, da gidajen tarihi a faɗin Amurka yanzu suna ɗauke da sunansa. Annenberg ya kafa Makarantar Sadarwa ta Annenberg a Jami'ar Pennsylvania da Makarantar Sadarwa da Jarida ta Annenberg a Jami'ar Kudancin California . A shekarar 1993, ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 100 ga Makarantar Peddie, babbar gudummawa da aka taba bayarwa ga wata makaranta a lokacin da ake lissafin hauhawar farashin kaya. A farkon shekarun 1980, Annenberg ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Annenberg a Eisenhower da ke Rancho Mirage, California. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, ya kafa Annenberg Fellowship zuwa Kwalejin Eton, wani tallafin karatu na shekara guda ga wani ɗalibi na jami'a da ya kammala karatunsa a Amurka (wanda aka zaɓa daga jerin jami'o'in Amurka da ke juyawa ciki har da Duke, Harvard, Penn, Princeton, Yale, da sauransu) don ya shafe shekara guda yana koyarwa da kuma hidima a matsayin jakadan al'adu a makarantar maza ta Burtaniya. A shekarar 1989, ya kafa Gidauniyar Annenberg, kuma a shekarar 1993, ya ƙirƙiri Kalubalen Annenberg, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 500 na Amurka, na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma mafi girman kyauta guda ɗaya da aka taɓa bayarwa ga ilimin jama'a na Amurka. == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1939, Annenberg ya auri Bernice Veronica Dunkelman. An haifi Bernice a cikin wani iyali na Yahudawa a Kanada, 'yar wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan ƙasar Kanada David Dunkelman wanda aka san shi da samar da kayayyaki masu rahusa kuma yana sayar da su akan farashi ɗaya na $14 a jerin shagunansa na shaguna 65. Sun rabu a shekarar 1950 bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya tare. Yayin da suke da aure, Dunkelman da Annenberg suna da 'ya'ya biyu: 'ya mace, Wallis, da ɗa, Roger. Roger ya mutu ta hanyar [[Kisan kai|kashe kansa]] a shekarar 1962; don tunawa da mutuwarsa, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], inda Roger yake ɗalibi a lokacin, yanzu tana da wani zauren Roger Annenberg da aka sanya wa suna don girmama shi. A shekarar 1951, Annenberg ta auri Leonore "Lee" Cohn . Lee 'yar'uwar Harry Cohn ce, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Columbia Pictures . Duk da cewa ta fito daga ƙabilar Yahudawa, matar kawunta ta rene ta a matsayin Masanin Kimiyyar Kirista . Duk da cewa an haife ta a cikin iyalan Yahudawa, Annenbergs ba su da addinin Yahudanci; suna yin bikin Ista da Kirsimeti akai-akai tare da dangi da abokai. A shekarar 1993, an ba wa Leonore da Walter Annenberg lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta Fasaha . == Mutuwa == Annenberg ya mutu a gidansa da ke Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2002, sakamakon matsalolin [[ciwon huhu]] ; yana da shekaru 94. <ref name="lasting legacy">{{Cite journal |date=October 8, 2002 |title=A Lasting Legacy |url=http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/v49/n07/death_annenberg.html |journal=University of Pennsylvania Almanac |location=Philadelphia |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |volume=49 |issue=7 |access-date=2007-11-24}}</ref> Matarsa, Leonore (20 ga Fabrairu, 1918 - 12 ga Maris, 2009); 'yarsa, Wallis; da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, Enid A. Haupt da Evelyn Hall. Har da waɗanda 'ya'yan matarsa 'ya'ya mata suka haifa daga aurenta na farko (Diane Deshong da Elizabeth Kabler), ya bar jikoki bakwai da jikoki shida. <ref name="lasting legacy" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mfvjlx9knw4ew5hm9yr6fre7n8qxph1 0 135431 840841 777931 2026-05-28T05:28:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kostas Bakoyannis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1978) [[ɗan siyasa]] Girka ne. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban 'yan adawa na Athens tun 2024. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Athens daga 2019 zuwa 2023, a matsayin gwamnan Girka ta Tsakiya daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kuma a matsayin magajan garin Karpenisi daga 2011 zuwa 2014. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Kakansa shine Firayim Ministan Girka na yanzu Kyriakos Mitsotakis, kuma kakan mahaifiyarsa shine tsohon Firayim Minista Konstantinos Mitsotakis . == Ayyuka == A watan Agustan 2010, Bakoyannis ya sanar da tsayawa takarar magajin gari a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa a karamin garin Karpenisi a Evrytania, inda mahaifinsa ya fito. Sabuwar Dimokuradiyya ta yanke shawarar kada ta kalubalanci Bakoyannis da dan takara na kanta, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2014 |title=Foreign Terrorist Organizations |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/other/fto.html |access-date=3 July 2015 |website=[[National Counterterrorism Center]]}}</ref> kodayake jam'iyyar ta kori mahaifiyarsa Dora a watan Mayu don jefa kuri'a don amincewa da matakan tsauraran da Gwamnatin Papandreou ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kostas Bakoyannis |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/fellows/kostas-bakoyannis |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=Harvard Kennedy School: Institute of Politics |language=en}}</ref> Kostas Bakoyannis ya lashe zaben kananan hukumomi da kashi 54.3%. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi ga Vima ya kare yarjejeniyar ceto yana mai cewa "inda muka zo bayan duk laifukan da tsarin siyasar Girka ya yi a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ba mu da wani zaɓi sai dai Memorandum. "Ya ce ba zai hana shiga sabuwar jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance da mahaifiyarsa ta kafa ba, kuma cewa "Greece tana buƙatar gwamnatocin da ke son kashe kansu a shirye su kashe kansu don ceton kasar".<ref name="GRReporter20101118">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2010 |title=Show business, politics and mayoral elections |url=http://www.grreporter.info/en/show_business_politics_and_mayoral_elections/3681 |access-date=4 April 2015 |website=GRReporter |archive-date=11 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411083543/http://www.grreporter.info/en/show_business_politics_and_mayoral_elections/3681 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gwamnan yankin na Girka ta Tsakiya (2014-2019) === A cikin shekara ta uku a matsayin magajin garin Karpenisi, Bakoyannis ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takarar gwamna na Girka ta Tsakiya, kuma a matsayin mai zaman kansa. Shawararsa ta barin Mayorship ta fara ne da yawan muryoyin 'yan ƙasa [undefined] daga yankin tsakiya na Girka, ba kawai Karpenisi ba, waɗanda suka ga haɗarin da damar da ke zuwa gaba ga yankin su a cikin shekaru 5 masu zuwa na sabon Gwamna, kuma suna son sakamakon da aka daidaita, gwada kuma gwada dan takarar aikin. [2] Duk da haka, New Democracy ta goyi bayansa, wanda ya sake ba da wani dan takara na kansa, kuma a bayyane ya lashe Zaben yanki na 2014 tare da 56.06% a zagaye na biyu, ya kayar da dan takarar Siriya Evangelos Apostolou . [1] === Magajin garin Athens (2019-2023) === An zabi Bakoyannis a matsayin magajin gari na Athens bayan Zaben kananan hukumomi na 2019 kuma ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2019. Bakoyannis ya rasa sake zaben a shekarar 2023, inda Haris Doukas ya ci shi a Zaben birni na Athens na 2023. == Sauran ayyukan == * Majalisar Tarayyar Turai kan Harkokin Kasashen Waje (ECFR), memba == Rayuwa ta mutum == Yana da 'ya'ya hudu, Pavlos, Olympia, Danai da Dimos . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1kv4bzilce7pxi8s0yfoc99uaw9ujh7 0 136910 841446 780399 2026-05-28T10:43:12Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing President_Ronald_Reagan_Meeting_with_Nicholas_Brady_in_The_Oval_Office.jpg with [[File:President_Ronald_Reagan_Meeting_with_Nicholas_Brady_in_The_Oval_Office_-_DPLA_-_ef8b26b68f218090562981d6fab0255c.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDe 841446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicholas Frederick Brady''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1930) ɗan banki ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Amurka daga [[New Jersey]] wanda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na tsawon watanni takwas a shekarar 1982 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Baitulmali na 68 na Amurka a ƙarƙashin shugabannin Amurka Ronald Reagan da George HW Bush daga 1988 zuwa 1993. Shi memba ne na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] . A watan Afrilun 1982, an naɗa shi sanatan Amurka don ya kammala wa'adin Harrison A. Williams wanda ba a kammala ba, kuma bai nemi zaɓe ba. Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, Brady shine ɗan Republican na ƙarshe da ya yi aiki a kujerar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta Aji 1 ta [[New Jersey]] kuma shine tsohon Sanatan Amurka mafi tsufa da ke raye tun bayan mutuwar [[Daniel J. Evans]] . A matsayinsa na Sakataren Baitulmalin Amurka, Brady ya gabatar kuma ya zartar da wata sabuwar yarjejeniyar rage bashi ga [[Developing country|kasashe masu tasowa]] wadda ta zama sananne a matsayin Brady Bonds . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Brady a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1930 a Manhattan, [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], ɗan James Cox Brady Jr., da matarsa, Eliot Chace. An sanya masa suna ne saboda kakan ubansa, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai taimakon jama'a Nicholas Frederic Brady . Kakansa masanin masana'antu ne Anthony N. Brady . Mahaifinsa babban mutum ne a tseren dawaki a Amurka da Turai. Ya girma a wani gida da ke Far Hills, New Jersey . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar St. Mark da ke Southborough, Massachusetts, Brady ya halarci Jami'ar Yale ( Bachelor of Arts, 1952), inda ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Chi Psi . Ya sami digirinsa na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a 1954. <ref>{{cite news |author=Sullivan, Joseph F. |date=April 13, 1982 |title=Quiet Senator From New Jersey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/13/nyregion/man-in-the-news-quiet-senator-from-new-jersey.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == Aikin Brady a fannin [[banki]] ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru 34. Ya shiga Dillon, Read &amp;amp; Co. da yanzu ta daina aiki a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] a shekarar 1954, inda ya zama shugaban hukumar gudanarwa a shekarar 1970. Ya kasance Shugaban Darby Overseas Investments, Ltd. da Darby Technology Ventures Group, LLC, kamfanonin saka hannun jari, tun daga shekarar 1994. Mista Brady shine Shugaban Franklin Templeton Investment Funds (kamfanin kula da saka hannun jari na duniya), darektan Hess Corporation (kamfanin bincike da samarwa) da kuma Holowesko Partners Ltd. (kamfanonin kula da saka hannun jari). Hakanan darakta ne na kamfanin ayyukan mai na Weatherford International tun daga shekarar 2004. Ya kasance darakta na NCR Voyix, Mitre Corporation, da Heinz, da sauransu. Brady tsohon shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na bankin saka hannun jari na Dillon, Read &amp;amp; Co. (1970–1988) da kuma Purolator Filters (1971–1987). === Naɗin 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka da siyasa a New Jersey === [[Fayil:Nicholas_Frederick_Brady.jpg|left|thumb|Nicholas F. Brady a matsayin Sanatan Amurka]] Brady ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin jam'iyyar Republican na gundumar Somerset, New Jersey . A shekarar 1981, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tawagar sauya sheka ta Thomas Kean bayan zaben Kean a matsayin Gwamnan New Jersey . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=2024-08-15 |title=Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Jersey Globe |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 1982, Kean ya fuskanci nauyin cike gurbin kujerar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka da babu kowa a ciki sakamakon murabus din Sanata Harrison A. Williams, bayan wani shiri na kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan Abscam . Williams ya jinkirta murabus dinsa na tsawon watanni goma bayan an same shi da laifin cin hanci, wanda hakan ya hana gwamnan Democrat Brendan Byrne nada wanda zai gaje shi, har sai da ƙaramin sanata Bill Bradley ya sanar da cewa zai kaɗa ƙuri'ar korarsa a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1982. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=2024-08-15 |title=Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Jersey Globe |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWildstein2024">Wildstein, David (August 15, 2024). [https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ "Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators"]. ''New Jersey Globe''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin da Williams ya yi murabus, 'yan takarar jam'iyyar Republican biyu, Millicent Fenwick, ɗan Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka da kuma mai fafutukar ra'ayin mazan jiya Jeff Bell, sun riga sun shiga takarar cikakken wa'adi na gaba na Majalisar Dattawan Amurka. Dan Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka Jim Courter shi ma ya shirya yakin neman zabe ga Majalisar Dattawa amma daga karshe ya zabi kin tsayawa takara. Bayan wata guda na tattaunawa da shawarwari da 'yan Republican sama da 100 na jihohi da kananan hukumomi, Kean ya zabi ya kasance tsaka-tsaki a zaben fidda gwani kuma ya nada Brady a matsayin mai rikon kwarya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=2024-08-15 |title=Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Jersey Globe |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWildstein2024">Wildstein, David (August 15, 2024). [https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ "Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators"]. ''New Jersey Globe''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Brady ya yi aiki daga 12 ga Afrilu, 1982 zuwa 27 ga Disamba, 1982. A lokacin da yake Majalisar Dattawa, ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Ayyukan Soja na Majalisar Dattawan Amurka da Kwamitin Banki, Gidaje, da Harkokin Birane na Majalisar Dattawan Amurka . Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kafin wa'adin mulkin ya kare, domin Frank Lautenberg, wanda ya lashe zaben 1982, ya shiga Majalisar Dattawa da wuri don dalilai na [[Seniority a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka|girma]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=2024-08-15 |title=Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Jersey Globe |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWildstein2024">Wildstein, David (August 15, 2024). [https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/meet-new-jerseys-10-appointed-u-s-senators/ "Meet New Jersey's 10 appointed U.S. Senators"]. ''New Jersey Globe''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Satumba na 2024, ya zama tsohon Sanatan Amurka mafi tsufa da ke raye bayan mutuwar [[Daniel J. Evans]] . <ref>{{cite news |date=April 16, 1930 |title=A Son to Mrs. James Cox Brady Jr. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/16/archives/a-son-to-mrs-james-cox-brady-jr.html |access-date=March 29, 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> === Mai Ba da Shawara ga Ronald Reagan === A shekarar 1984, Reagan ya naɗa Brady a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Shugaban Ƙasa kan Albashin Zartarwa, Dokoki, da Shari'a. Ya kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Shugaban Ƙasa kan Dabara (1983), Kwamitin Ƙasa na Ƙasa kan Amurka ta Tsakiya (1983), Kwamitin Tsaro da Taimakon Tattalin Arziki (1983), da Kwamitin Blue Ribbon kan Gudanar da Tsaro (1985). Ya kuma jagoranci Kwamitin Aiki na Shugaban Ƙasa kan Tsarin Kasuwa a shekarar 1987. === Sakataren Baitulmali === [[Fayil:President Ronald Reagan Meeting with Nicholas Brady in The Oval Office - DPLA - ef8b26b68f218090562981d6fab0255c.jpg|left|thumb|Brady tare da Shugaba Ronald Reagan a shekarar 1988]] [[Fayil:George_H._W._Bush_and_Nicholas_Brady.jpg|left|thumb|Brady tare da Shugaba George HW Bush a shekarar 1992]] Brady ya zama Sakataren Baitulmali na 68 a Amurka a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1988, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin watanni huɗu na ƙarshe na shugabancin Reagan da kuma a duk tsawon gwamnatin George HW Bush . A shekarar 1989, bayan shekaru da dama da [[Developing country|ƙasashe masu tasowa]] da dama, ciki har da [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], suka kasa biyan basussukansu na waje, ya ƙirƙiro Tsarin Brady don taimaka musu su sayar da takardun lamuni na dalar Amurka . Waɗannan an san su da Brady Bonds . A farkon lokacin da yake Sakataren Baitulmali, ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta rubuta cewa Brady ya fara da wani mummunan abu kuma "ba shi da daɗi a talabijin kuma yana da kunya a matsayin mai magana da yawun jama'a." Amma a matsayinsa na aboki kuma mai ba Shugaba Bush shawara, yana da tasiri sosai. Chuck Schumer na [[New York (jiha)|New York]], wanda ɗan Democrat ne a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a lokacin, ya bayyana ra'ayin da ya fi rinjaye: "Shin shi ne mutumin da ya fi wayo a duniya? A'a. Shin ya yi wasu manyan kurakurai? Eh. Amma Brady yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane kaɗan a Gwamnati da ke ƙoƙarin yin abin da ya dace. Dangane da tanadi da lamuni, ya hau kan mulki ya yi ta faman zagi. Haka nan da bashin duniya ta uku. Ban tabbata ba na yarda da shirinsa, amma aƙalla ya yi ƙoƙarin yin wani abu. Don haka, a cikin Gwamnati inda abubuwa da yawa suka yi kama da suna da alaƙa da hoto da hayaniya, Brady ya cancanci yabo mai yawa." Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen Jami'ar Rockefeller kuma memba na Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta New York . Shi memba ne na Majalisar Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Waje kuma tsohon memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Taron Bilderberg . <ref>{{cite news |date=April 16, 1930 |title=A Son to Mrs. James Cox Brady Jr. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/16/archives/a-son-to-mrs-james-cox-brady-jr.html |access-date=March 29, 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Shi tsohon amintaccen Kwamitin Kula da Yara Maza da Mata na Amurka na Newark, New Jersey ne . Brady ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Plate Award ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka a 1977. <ref>{{cite news |author=Sullivan, Joseph F. |date=April 13, 1982 |title=Quiet Senator From New Jersey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/13/nyregion/man-in-the-news-quiet-senator-from-new-jersey.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Brady ya auri Katherine Douglas (wanda aka sani da Kitty, 'yar Percy Livingston Douglas, shugabar Kamfanin Otis Elevator ) a shekarar 1952, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu da jikoki 13. Katherine Brady ta rasu a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2021 tana da shekaru 89. <ref>{{cite news |date=April 16, 1930 |title=A Son to Mrs. James Cox Brady Jr. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/16/archives/a-son-to-mrs-james-cox-brady-jr.html |access-date=March 29, 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai taɓa shiga gasar tseren dawaki a matakin da mahaifinsa ya ɗauka ba, ya taɓa yin aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar Jockey Club na wani lokaci. Mill House (Stable) ita ce hanyar da Brady ya fi amfani da ita wajen tseren dawaki. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 37756swyyfp4ne6deptx6nw9ad83ewd 0 138723 840767 784106 2026-05-28T04:58:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Koji Sato masanin injiniya ne na Japan. Ya kasance [[babban mai gudanarwa|Babban jami'in zartarwa]] na [[Toyota]] tun watan Afrilu 2023 kuma Shugaban kamfanin tun watan Yunin 2023. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=CORPORATION |first=TOYOTA MOTOR |title=TOYOTA TIMES NEWS｜Passing Toyota's Presidency Baton from Akio Toyoda to Koji Sato｜TOYOTA TIMES |url=https://toyotatimes.jp/en/newscast/002.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=TOYOTA TIMES |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Kōji Satō ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Waseda a 1992 tare da digiri a fannin injiniya kuma ya shiga kungiyar Toyota a watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar. A matsayinsa na matashi injiniya a cikin shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000, Sato ya yi aiki kai tsaye a kan ci gaban matakin aikin: ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar dakatarwa a kan samfuran hybrid na farko kuma ya jagoranci ci gaba ga motoci kamar Kamaru na Arewacin Amurka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Koji Sato |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/koji-sato/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Toyota USA Newsroom |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114082839/https://pressroom.toyota.com/biographies/koji-sato/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan tushen fasaha ya ba shi kyakkyawar masaniyar ainihin injiniya da ƙimar masana'antu ta Toyota. Canja zuwa sassan farashi / alatu da manyan ayyuka ta hanyar Lexus da GAZOO Racing sun fallasa shi ga alama, matsayi na samfur, da aikin injiniya.<ref name=":1" /> Don haka, hauhawarsa zuwa Shugaba a 2023 ya kasance daidai da wani lokaci mai mahimmanci ga masana'antar mota. A matsayinsa na Shugaba, akwai sabuntawa game da ƙira, ƙirar ƙirar abokin ciniki, da dabarun motsi daban-daban waɗanda ke nuna duka gado da buƙatun motsi na gaba.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin 2016, Satō ya karɓi alamar Lexus. A watan Satumbar 2020, an kuma nada shi Shugaba kungiyar Motorsport / performance Division Toyota Gazoo Racing . An sanya shi Babban Jami'in Branding a watan Janairun 2021. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, ya gaji Akio Toyoda a matsayin Shugaba na Toyota. [1] Ya kuma zama Shugaban kasa a watan Yunin 2023. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 3kzn3drgc2af27rec34tmisnyla6bte 0 141689 840476 827813 2026-05-27T13:59:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joycelyn Harrison''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1964) injiniya ce 'yar asalin Afirka-Amurka wacce ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Jihar Kent . A shekara ta 2006 an ba ta lambar yabo ta NASA . Bincikenta ya yi la'akari da haɓaka sabbin kayan piezoelectric . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Harrison a Chattanooga, Tennessee . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}</ref> Aikinta na farko shine wanke gashin mutane a cikin salon gyaran gashi na mahaifiyarta. <ref> name=":0" </ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta North Chattanooga inda malamarta, Stu Silvernman, ta ƙarfafa ta ta nemi aiki a fannin injiniyan sinadarai. <ref> name=":0" </ref> Ta shiga Kwalejin Spelman a matsayin ɗaliba ta farko, inda ta yi digiri a fannin injiniyan sinadarai. Bayan ta sami digiri na farko, Harrison ta koma Georgia Tech . <ref> name=":0" </ref> <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008) |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882 |isbn=9780195301731}}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == A shekarar 1994, Harrison ta shiga Cibiyar Bincike ta NASA Langley a matsayin injiniyan bincike. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Joycelyn Harrison's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}</ref> A Langley ta yi aiki tare da Terry L. St. Clair kan kayan piezoelectric da polymers masu aiki da lantarki. Zuwa shekarar 1999, an ƙara wa Harrison matsayi zuwa Reshen Kayan Aiki da Sarrafawa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf "Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''.</cite></ref> Harrison ya yi aiki a kan Thin-Layer Composite-Unimorph Piezoelectric Driver and Sensor, ''THUNDER'', wata sabuwar na'ura da za ta iya gano canje-canje a cikin kayan wayo masu amsawa. Musamman ma, ana iya amfani da THUNDER a tsarin lantarki, kayan gani da kuma duk inda ake buƙatar rage hayaniya ko jitter. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellis |first=Mary |last2=films |first2=inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years She is known for her independent |last3=documentaries |last4=Alex |first4=including one about |last5=Bellis |first5=er Graham Bell our editorial process Mary |date= |title=African American Inventors You Should Know: Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-inventors-at-nasa-p3-1991905 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> An ba ''THUNDER'' kyautar Advantage Business Media R&D 100. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf "Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''.</cite></ref> THUNDER wani ɓangare ne na shirin gyaran NASA, wanda ya yi kama da zai ba da damar ƙirƙirar saman tauraron dan adam daga nesa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008) |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882 |isbn=9780195301731}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 "Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008)"]. ''Oxford African American Studies Center''. 2009. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882|10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780195301731|<bdi>9780195301731</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2009 Harrison ta shiga dakin gwaje-gwajen binciken sojojin sama, inda ta yi aiki a kan shirin kayan aiki marasa yawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Joycelyn Harrison's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 "Joycelyn Harrison's Biography"]. ''The HistoryMakers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe aka naɗa ta Daraktan Tsarin Kasafin Kuɗi, kuma ta kula da fayil ɗin bincike na [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka]] na dala miliyan 500. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CAE's Associate Dean Harrison Wins Dominion's Strong Men, Strong Women Award {{!}} Kent State University |url=https://www.kent.edu/cae/news/caes-associate-dean-harrison-wins-dominions-strong-men-strong-women-award |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=www.kent.edu |language=en}}</ref> Harrison ta shiga Jami'ar Kent State a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Bincike a Kwalejin Injiniya da Sararin Sama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=5 African-American leaders recognized as 'Strong Men & Women in Virginia History' |url=http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2020/feb/14/5-african-american-leaders-recognized-strong-men-w/ |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=richmondfreepress.com |archive-date=2020-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610232754/http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2020/feb/14/5-african-american-leaders-recognized-strong-men-w/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * Kyautar Tauraro ta Mata ta Ƙasa a Fasahar Launi ta 1998 <ref name=":2"/> * Lambar Nasara ta Musamman ta 2000 <ref name=":1"/> * Kyautar Jagoranci Mai Kyau ta NASA ta 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA - Outstanding Leadership Medal |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_OLM_06.26.06.html |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=www.nasa.gov |language=en |archive-date=2017-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704232749/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_OLM_06.26.06.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An karrama Dominion Energy da Laburare na Virginia na 2020 "Maza da Mata Masu Ƙarfi" a Virginia <ref name=":2" /> == Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe == * {{Cite journal |last=Ounaies |first=Z. |author-link=Zoubeida Ounaies |last2=Park |first2=C. |last3=Wise |first3=K. E. |last4=Siochi |first4=E. J. |last5=Harrison |first5=J. S. |date=2003-08-01 |title=Electrical properties of single wall carbon nanotube reinforced polyimide composites |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266353803000678 |journal=Composites Science and Technology |series=Modeling and Characterization of Nanostructured Materials |language=en |volume=63 |issue=11 |pages=1637–1646 |doi=10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00067-8 |issn=0266-3538 |url-access=subscription}} *   * {{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Cheol |last2=Ounaies |first2=Zoubeida |author-link2=Zoubeida Ounaies |last3=Watson |first3=Kent A |last4=Crooks |first4=Roy E |last5=Smith |first5=Joseph |last6=Lowther |first6=Sharon E |last7=Connell |first7=John W |last8=Siochi |first8=Emilie J |last9=Harrison |first9=Joycelyn S |last10=Clair |first10=Terry L. St |date=2002-10-04 |title=Dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes by in situ polymerization under sonication |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000926140201326X |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |language=en |volume=364 |issue=3 |pages=303–308 |bibcode=2002CPL...364..303P |doi=10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01326-X |issn=0009-2614 |url-access=subscription}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 7sqro9176uxkbfqf8ea4r46cubbxf6i 0 142004 840571 800293 2026-05-27T20:10:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2026, an kashe [[Ali Khamenei]], babban shugaban Iran na biyu, a wani hari na hadin gwiwa da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da [[Isra'ila]] suka yi. Kisan Khamenei ya faru ne a lokacin jerin hare-haren makamai masu linzami na Isra'ila a kusa da Tehran, da nufin kai hari kan manyan jami'an Iran da manyan wurare masu mahimmanci. Hotunan tauraron dan adam sun nuna cewa gidan Khamenei a cikin birni ya lalace sosai yayin harin. Bayan rahotanni na farko na Isra'ila cewa an kashe Khamenei a cikin aikin, shugaban Amurka Donald Trump da Firayim Ministan Isra'ila Benjamin Netanyahu sun bayyana cewa Khamenei ya mutu. Kafofin yada labarai na Iran sun tabbatar da mutuwarsa da wuri washegari, kuma gwamnati ta sanar da kwanaki 40 na makoki da kwanaki bakwai na hutun jama'a. An kuma kashe mambobi hudu na dangin Khamenei da dangi a cikin wannan yajin aikin. Shugaban Iran Masoud Pezeshkian ya bayyana kisan a matsayin "babban laifi" kuma ya ce ba zai tafi ba tare da amsa ba. == Kokarin da ya gabata == A ranar 27 ga Yuni 1981, lokacin da Khamenei ya kasance dan takarar shugabancin Iran, an yi Yunkurin kashe shi ta amfani da jefa masa wani abin fashewa, wanda ya lalata muryarsa, huhu da hannunsa na dama. : 32 A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2025, a lokacin [[Yaƙin Iran da Isra'ila|Yaƙin Kwanaki Goma Biyu]], Isra'ila ta gabatar da wani shiri na kashe Khamenei wanda shugaban Amurka [[Donald Trump]] ya hana. == Jirgin sama == A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2026, makamai masu linzami daga Amurka da Isra'ila sun kai wa wurare da yawa a Iran hari a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin soja da aka nufa don hana shirye-shiryen nukiliya da makamai masu makami mai linzami a kasar, da kuma fara Canjin mulkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magid |first=Jacob |date=28 February 2026 |title=Trump indicates goal of Iran strikes is to topple regime; tells Iranian people: 'When we're finished, take over your government' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/trump-indicates-goal-of-iran-strikes-is-to-topple-regime-tells-iranian-people-when-we-are-finished-take-over-your-government/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian leader Khamenei killed in strikes, Israel says |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-launch-strikes-iran-2026-02-28/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Tare da yajin aikin da aka yi wa kayan aikin dabarun da manyan jami'an Iran, sansanin Khamenei yana daga cikin wadanda yajin aikin Isra'ila ya shafa a babban birnin [[Tehran]]; hotunan tauraron dan adam sun nuna cewa ginin ya lalace sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=See where U.S., Israeli strikes have hit Iran and where Iran has retaliated |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/02/28/where-us-attack-iran-images-video/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=28 February 2026 |title=Satellite image shows destruction of Khamenei's compound |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/satellite-image-shows-destruction-of-khameneis-compound/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> == Rahotanni na farko == === Rahotanni masu rikitarwa === Wani jami'in Isra'ila da ba a san sunansa ba ya ce an gano jikin Khamenei ne bayan yajin aikin, wanda aka ruwaito ya nuna wa Firayim Ministan Isra'ila [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump says Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei dead after US-Israeli attacks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/28/irans-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-killed-in-us-israeli-attacks-reports |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Ali Khamenei assassinated in Iran, Israeli officials told |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-888283 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Shugaban Amurka [[Donald Trump]] ya sake maimaita waɗannan rahotanni, yana kiran kisan da aka ruwaito "adalci ga mutanen Iran".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump confirmed the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei |url=https://time.com/7381829/iran-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-dead/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-date=28 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260228234308/https://time.com/7381829/iran-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rahotanni game da mutuwar Khamenei sun fara jayayya da kafofin Iran, tare da mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Iran Esmail Baghaei yana mai cewa Khamenei "mai aminci ne kuma mai kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mangan |first=Dan |last2=Josephs |first2=Leslie |last3=Kimball |first3=Spencer |last4=Haddad |first4=C. J. |last5=Papp |first5=Justin |last6=Novet |first6=Jordan |date=28 February 2026 |title=Live updates: Trump says Khamenei is dead; Iran says he's 'safe and sound' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/28/trump-iran-strikes-live-updates.html |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=CNBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran latest: Netanyahu says 'growing signs' Iran's supreme leader Khamenei is 'gone' after US-Israel attacks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cn5ge95q6y7t |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Duk da wannan, kafofin watsa labarai da yawa, kamar su Reuters da Iran International, da suka ambaci kafofin gwamnatin Isra'ila, sun ba da rahoton cewa Khamenei ya mutu. <ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is dead |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602280738 |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=[[Iran International]]}}</ref> <ref name="reuters-kotlet">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Live: Khamenei's body has been found and he is confirmed dead, Israeli official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/iran-crisis-live-explosions-tehran-israel-announces-strike-2026-02-28/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |agency=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="dw-kotlet">{{Cite web |title=Israel's Netanyahu says 'signs' point to Khamenei being dead |url=https://www.dw.com/en/israels-netanyahu-says-signs-point-to-khamenei-being-dead/live-76161011 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref name="axios">{{Cite web |last=Ravid |first=Barak |last2=Lotz |first2=Avery |date=28 February 2026 |title=ISRAEL SAYS IRAN SUPREME LEADER KHAMENEI IS DEAD |url=https://www.axios.com/2026/02/28/iran-khamenei-killed-israel |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref> Bayan ci gaba da yada labarai game da zargin kisan kai, hukumomin yada labarai na Iran Tasnim da Mehr sun bayyana cewa Khamenei yana da rai kuma "mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi wajen yin umurni a fagen".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump says Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei dead after US-Israeli attacks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/28/irans-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-killed-in-us-israeli-attacks-reports |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> === Tabbatar === Tun da wuri a ranar 1 ga watan Maris, Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa ta Iran, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Iran, gami da watsa shirye-shiryen Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, sun ba da sanarwar cewa an kashe Khamenei, duk da musantawa ta baya. Jiha ta ayyana kwanaki 40 na makoki da kuma hutun kasa na kwana bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is dead, state media says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cn5ge95q6y7t?post=asset%3Add3db3f8-29d3-4420-a511-9b544b2ea1b0#post |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Fars, wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci|Rundunar Tsaro ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci]] (IRGC), ya ba da rahoton cewa an kashe 'yar Khamenei, surukinsa, jikansa, da surukinsa a cikin yajin aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Habibiazad |first=Ghoncheh |date=1 March 2026 |title=Khamenei's daughter and grandchild killed in attacks, state media says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cn5ge95q6y7t?app-referrer=deep-link&post=asset%3Ae4590a21-5229-434d-be0f-4698491513f8#post |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Khamenei's relatives killed in the attacks too |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cn5ge95q6y7t?app-referrer=deep-link&post=asset%3A6e5ae80b-16ca-45fe-afde-a5e0e3fe5890#post |url-status=live |access-date=1 March 2026 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magdy |first=Sam |date=2026-03-01 |title=Khamenei family members killed in attacks, Fars news agency reports |url=https://apnews.com/live/live-updates-israel-iran-february-28-2026#0000019c-a724-d479-ad9e-f76cb5b90000 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Kamar yadda Majalisar Masana ta nada matsayin Babban Jagora kuma an soke matsayin Mataimakin Babban Jagora a shekarar 1989, Khamenei ba shi da magaji a hukumance. Koyaya, a ranar yajin aikin, Reuters ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin makonni biyu kafin hare-haren, [[C.I.A|CIA]] ta samar da kimantawa game da yiwuwar maye gurbin Khamenei, ta kammala cewa "ƙididdigar ƙididdiga" na IRGC za su iya maye gurbin Chamenei. Bayan sanarwar farko game da mutuwar Khamenei, an ji bukukuwan a babban birnin, kuma bidiyon bukukuwan biranen kamar [[Isfahan]], [[Karaj]], Kermanshah, Qazvin, Sanandaj, da [[Shiraz]] sun bazu a kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-01 |title=Cheers and celebrations heard in parts of Tehran after reports of Khamenei’s death |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/world/cheers-and-celebrations-heard-parts-tehran-after-reports-khameneis-death-1373686 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinaiee |first=Maryam |date=2026-03-01 |title=Iranians react with joy and disbelief to Khamenei's death |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602288551 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, magoya bayan Khamenei sun yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a kusa da Masallacin Imam Reza a [[Mashhad]], tare da bidiyo da ke nuna mutane da yawa suna kuka yayin da wasu suka fadi a ƙasa cikin baƙin ciki, da kuma hotuna da ke nuna 'yan Iran suna makoki game da rasuwarsa yayin da suke riƙe da hotunansa a Enqelab Square, Tehran.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Iranians in Mashhad mourn Khamenei |url=https://aje.news/p4rw7y?update=4349204 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Photos: Iranians gather in Tehran to mourn Khamenei |url=https://aje.news/p4rw7y?update=4349314 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> === Halin da aka yi === [[Donald Trump]], yana sharhi game da mutuwar Khamenei, ya kira shi "daya daga cikin mugaye a tarihi" kuma ya sanar da cewa Amurka za ta ci gaba da jefa bam a Iran. Wasu mambobin Majalisa daga Jam'iyyar Democrat, ciki har da Sanata John Fetterman, sun amsa da kyau ga sanarwar, yayin da mutane da yawa daga Jam'idar Republican, kamar Wakilin Tom Emmer, suka yi murna da mukamin Trump. Shugaban [[Argentina]] [[Javier Milei]] ya yaba da ayyukan soja na Isra'ila da Amurka wanda ya haifar da "kawar da" Khamenei, ya kara da cewa "[Khamenei] yana daya daga cikin mugunta, tashin hankali, da kuma mugunta da aka taba gani a tarihin bil'adama. " <ref name="clarinarg" /> Milei ya ci gaba da zargin Khamenei da tallafawa ta'addanci da kuma Fashewar bam na AMIA na 1994 a [[Buenos Aires]], ya kara cewa Argentina za ta ci gaba da bin wasu da ke da alhakin harin kuma ta sa su biya su da 'yanci ko rayukansu. Shugaban 'yan adawa na Iraki kuma malamin Shi'a Muqtada al-Sadr ya bayyana "baƙin cikinsa da baƙin cikinsa" a shafin [[Twitter|X]] bayan mutuwar Khamenei. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Iraq’s Muqtada al-Sadr mourns Khameni |url=https://aje.news/p4rw7y?update=4349250 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Mutuwar Khamenei ta haifar da zanga-zanga a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]], inda masu zanga-zanga suka fuskanci jami'an tsaro kusa da yankin kore da masu zanga-zanga suka yi ƙoƙarin mamaye ofishin jakadancin Amurka da toshe hanyoyin da ke kaiwa gare ta. An ga masu zanga-zangar suna daga tutoci suna ihu suna makokin Khamenei. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2026 |title=Angry protesters, security forces face off as demonstration erupts near US embassy in Iraq |url=https://aje.news/p4rw7y?update=4349355 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mbqn2horr0dxy4g4e25l2skmg2dr86h 0 143696 840467 833881 2026-05-27T13:28:15Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347122018|Faustina Caley]]" 840467 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Authority control}}'''Faustina Namutenya Caley''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1956) 'yar siyasar [[Namibiya]] ce. Wani memba na [[SWAPO]], Caley ya shiga majalisa a shekarar 2015 kuma an nada shi mataimakin Ministan Ilimi, Fasaha da Al'adu daga 2020 zuwa 21 ga Maris 2025. == Rayuwa ta farko da sana'a == An haifi Faustina Caley a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1956, a Ruurumwe, Kavango West, kuma ta girma a Sarusungu yanzu da ake kira Kaisosi, a Kavango East. Ta fara makarantar firamare a yankin Kavango kuma ta kammala aji na 12 a Makarantar Sakandare ta Rundu . Caley ya halarci Kwalejin Horar da Augustineum kuma ya kammala karatu tare da takardar shaidar ma'aikacin zamantakewa a shekarar 1979. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa ga gwamnati har zuwa 1983. <ref name="parliament">{{Cite web |title=Caley, Faustina Namutenya |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/caley-faustina-namutenya/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Namibian Parliament |publisher=[[Government of Namibia]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, ta zama shugabar riko na Makarantar Sakandare ta Dokta Romanus Kampungu da ke Rundu. Daga 1991 Caley ya yi aiki da ma'aikatar ilimi a wurare daban-daban har zuwa 2014, ya zama daraktan ilimi na yankin Otjozondjupa. A layi daya ta sami digiri na uku daban-daban, difloma a Ilimin Firamare daga Jami'ar Namibia (1997), Bachelor of Philosophy daga Jami'ar Hull, United Kingdom (1998), Masters in Education (M.Ed) daga Jami'ar Manchester (1999), da difloma na biyu a cikin Nazarin Gudanarwa daga MANCOSA, Afirka ta Kudu (2003). == Ayyukan siyasa == Caley ya zama memba na [[SWAPO]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 2015 <ref name="parliament">{{Cite web |title=Caley, Faustina Namutenya |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/caley-faustina-namutenya/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Namibian Parliament |publisher=[[Government of Namibia]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dokoki kan ICT da Innovation. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyber Security Conference for Members of Parliament in Windhoek |url=http://www.namibia-botschaft.de/regierungs-mitteilungen/812-cyber-security-conference-for-members-of-parliament-in-windhoek.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.namibia-botschaft.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2017 |title=NUST and Parliament host Cyber Security Conference |url=https://www.nust.na/?q=news/nust-and-parliament-host-cyber-security-conference |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=www.nust.na |publisher=[[Namibia University of Science and Technology]]}}</ref> A lokacin majalisa na 2020-2025 an nada ta mataimakiyar ministan ilimi, fasaha da al'adu. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] gln2vgi3gng34ibo7uuvmtf6sc0kef1 0 146642 840535 814839 2026-05-27T18:26:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamougue Dene-Assoum''' 'yar siyasar [[Cadi|ƙasar Chadi]] ce kuma ministar ababen more rayuwa har zuwa na yanzu tun daga shekarar 2022. An naɗa Assoum a majalisar ministoci a matsayin ministar raya noma a shekarar 2021, kuma ta koma sabuwar ma'aikatar samar da ababen more rayuwa da buɗewa a wani sabon garambawul da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oumar |first=Alhadji Garba |date=2021-06-19 |title=Visite de travail de Mme Déné-Assoum KAMOUGUÉ, Ministre du Développement Agricole au Président du FIDA, le 18 juin 2021 à Rome en Italie. - Ambassade du Tchad à Berlin |url=https://www.ambatchadberlin.de/visite-de-travail-de-mme-dene-assoum-kamougue-ministre-du-developpement-agricole-au-president-du-fida-le-18-juin-2021-a-rome-en-italie/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-02-26 |title=DÉCRET N°0509/PCMT/PMT/2022 Portant Remaniement du Gouvernement de Transition |url=https://presidence.td/decret-n0509-pcmt-pmt-2022-portant-remaniement-du-gouvernement-de-transition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112175747/https://presidence.td/decret-n0509-pcmt-pmt-2022-portant-remaniement-du-gouvernement-de-transition/ |archive-date=2024-01-12 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Présidence de la République du Tchad |language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=N'Djamena accueille la 13e session ordinaire CORAF du 25 au 27 janvier 2022 |url=https://nouvelles.td/2022/01/06/ndjamena-accueille-la-13e-session-ordinaire-coraf-du-25-au-27-janvier-2022/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Nouvelles.TD |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112175751/https://nouvelles.td/2022/01/06/ndjamena-accueille-la-13e-session-ordinaire-coraf-du-25-au-27-janvier-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allocution de Mme Déné-Assoum KAMOUGUÉ, Ministre du développement agricole, Tchad, Ministre Coordonnateur du CILSS |url=https://www.food-security.net/document/allocution-de-mme-dene-assoum-kamougue-ministre-du-developpement-agricole-tchad-ministre-coordonnateur-du-cilss/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.food-security.net |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kamougue Assoum tana ɗaya daga cikin mata tara da aka naɗa a gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya mai mambobi arba'in ta hannun gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Idriss Déby|Idriss Deby Itno]], wanda ya rasu a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etahoben |first=Chief Bisong |date=2021-05-03 |title=Chad Military Junta Appoints 9 Women Into 40-member Transitional Govt |url=https://humanglemedia.com/chad-military-junta-appoints-9-women-into-40-member-transitional-govt/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce kuma ministar da ke kula da tsarin tsaron rayuwar al'umma na CILSS (Dabarun tsaron rayuwa na al'umma na wucin gadi), wani shiri na yanki don inganta tsaron abinci da juriya a yammacin afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speech by the Minister of Agricultural Development, Chad |url=https://www.food-security.net/en/document/speech-by-the-minister-of-agricultural-development-chad/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.food-security.net |language=fr |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211211448/https://www.food-security.net/en/document/speech-by-the-minister-of-agricultural-development-chad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7yz4yw7ufjc35j3rgm1p3o69lp8op9p 0 146807 840631 827914 2026-05-28T01:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kisan Magdalena Stoffels''' ya faru ne a [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2010. Fyade da kisan da aka yi wa yarinyar 'yar shekara 17 ya haifar da zanga-zanga da muhawara kan matsayin Namibia kan [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] . Ba a sake samun wanda ya aikata laifin ba. == Shari'ar == An gano Stoffels, wata yarinya ' yar shekara 17 a wani bakin kogi kusa da Makarantar Sakandare ta David Bezuidenhout bayan an yi [[Fyade|mata fyade]] aka kuma kashe ta . Daga baya a wannan rana, wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya sami wani mutum mai suna Junias Fillipus (32), yana wanke tufafi a cikin wannan bakin kogi. Nisa tsakanin mita 300 zuwa 500 daga inda aka gano gawar Stoffels. Bayan ya lura da abin da ya yi imanin cewa alamun karce ne a gwiwoyinsa da baya da kuma tabon jini a kan tufafin, jami'in 'yan sandan ya kama Fillipus dangane da harin.<ref name="evidence">{{cite news |title=Question mark over murder evidence |first=Werner |last=Menges |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/question-mark-over-murder-evidence/ |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=18 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527175222/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2011/january/article/question-mark-over-murder-evidence/ |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bayan haka == Jaridar ''The Namibia'' ta bayyana laifin a matsayin daya daga cikin "mafi shahararru shari'o'in cin zarafin mata da yara da aka rubuta a [Namibia] a shekarar 2010". <ref>{{cite news |title=Pohamba deplores violence against women in 2010 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201101040291.html |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> Jaridar ''Windhoek Observer'' ta lura cewa "kama Fillipus ya haifar da koke-koke a bainar jama'a game da cin zarafin da ya danganci jinsi ". Kimanin mutane 3,000, ciki har da 'yan makaranta daga makarantu 10, sun yi tattaki daga makarantar Stoffels zuwa Kotun Majistare da ke Katutura don nuna rashin amincewarta da fyade da kisan da ta yi da kuma mika takardar koke ga Mataimakin Babban Mai Shari'a, Johnny Truter, wanda ya nuna yawan laifukan da ake aikatawa kan yaran Namibia. <ref>{{cite news |title=Murder suspect's bail application postponed |url=http://www.observer.com.na/archives/581-murder-suspects-bail-application-postponed |newspaper=[[Windhoek Observer]] |date=2011 |access-date=March 17, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>''Jaridar Southern Times'' ta ruwaito cewa kisan Stoffels "ya haifar da muhawara kan sake aiwatar da [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] " a Namibia. <ref>{{cite news |title=Forget about death penalty in Namibia |first=Charles |last=Tjatindi |url=http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=%27Forget_about_death_penalty_in_Namibia%27__%A0_&id=4539 |newspaper=[[The Southern Times]] |date=6 August 2010 |access-date=28 March 2026 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213043450/https://southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=%27Forget_about_death_penalty_in_Namibia%27__%A0_&id=4539 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Binciken shaidun bincike ya ɗauki kusan shekara guda. Sakamakon bai danganta Fillipus da laifin ba, kuma an janye tuhumar da ake masa. A watan Mayu na 2011, an sake shi daga tsarewa. Fillipus ya kai ƙarar 'Yan sandan Namibia kan kama shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, tsare shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya a shekarar 2013. A shekarar 2016, an yi watsi da tuhume-tuhume biyu na farko daga [[Windhoek High Court|Babbar Kotun Windhoek]] saboda dokar hana irin waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen na tsawon shekara ɗaya. Har yanzu ba a saurari ƙarar ta uku a kotu ba. A halin yanzu, masu bincike suna fargabar cewa shari'ar ta yi sanyi . A shekarar 2013, an sanya wa wata gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa a yankin Khomasdal na Windhoek suna bayan Magdalena Stoffels. Tana kusa da makarantar David Bezuidenhout inda Stoffels ɗalibi ne, kuma tana ratsa gadar kogin Arebbusch inda kisan ya faru. Akwai fatan cewa gadar za ta hana aikata laifuka a nan gaba a cikin gadar da ke da dazuzzuka.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Magdalena Stoffels bridge nearly ready |newspaper=[[Namibian Sun]] |date=28 February 2013 |url=http://sun.com.na/content/national-news/magdalena-stoffels-bridge-nearly-ready}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin kisan gillar da ba a warware ba (2000-yanzu) == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} iq1yy65yjofwv3tldj5t1sfgy7j5bo8 0 146813 840561 814765 2026-05-27T19:50:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Karu Simon Elisha|birth_date=23 June 1978|birth_place=Gombe State, Nigeria|nationality=Nigerian|occupation=Politician|party=All Progressives Congress|office=Member of the House of Representatives (Nigeria)|constituency=Kaltungo/Shongom Federal Constituency|term_start=11 June 2019|term_end=2023}} '''Karu Simon Elisha''' (an haife shi a 23 Yuni 1978) shi ne ɗan siyasa kuma tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya daga [[Gombe State]]. Yayi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai a madadin '''Kaltungo/Shongom Federal Constituency''', karkashin jam'iyyar '''All Progressives Congress (APC)'''.<ref>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107185292</ref> == Rayuwa da Farko == Karu Simon Elisha an haifeshi ne a [[Gombe State]], Najeriya a ranar 23 Yuni 1978.<ref>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107185292</ref> == Siyasa == A zaɓen 2019, Karu Simon Elisha ya samu nasarar zama ɗan Majalisar Wakilai na tarayya yana wakiltar '''Kaltungo/Shongom Federal Constituency''' karkashin APC, inda ya doke ‘yan takarar sauran jam’iyyun siyasa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Nigerian_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Gombe_State</ref> A cikin ayyukansa a Majalisar Wakilai, ya zama mamba kuma ya taka rawa a kan al’amuran jama’a da gwamnatoci, ciki har da kira ga gano batutuwan cin zarafi da haƙƙin fasinjoji da sauransu.<ref>https://parliamentreports.com/flight-delays-probe-airline-operators-violation-of-rights-reps-mandates-committee/</ref> == Ayyukan Majalisa == Karu Simon Elisha ya jagoranci ayyukan da suka haɗa da gabatar da kudurori (bills) kamar na kafa jami’ar kimiyya da fasaha a Kaltungo da sauran dokoki masu muhimmanci ga ci gaban al’umma.<ref>https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/House-of-Reps-votes-and-proceedings-Tuesday-9-June-2020.pdf{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙungiya da Jama’a == Ya kasance mai sha’awar tallafawa matasa da al’umma, inda ƙungiyarsa ta gudanar da ayyuka don tallafawa masu rauni da tsofaffi a yankin sa bayan ya bar ofis.<ref>https://periscopenga.com/2024/06/sallah-karu-simon-elisha-media-team-empowers-30-aged-vulnerable-persons-in-honour-of-filiya-ward-councillor/</ref> == Ayyukan Matasa == Elisha ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙungiyar matasa ta Majalisar Wakilai, musamman wajen tattaunawa kan batutuwan matasa da shugabanni na ƙasa domin inganta hulɗa tsakanin matasa da gwamnati.<ref>https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/endsars-osinbajo-stresses-need-for-transparent-and-honest-engagement-with-the-youths/</ref> == Ƙarin Labarai == A 2020, Gwamnan [[Gombe State]] Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya ya yi ta’aziyya ga Karu Simon Elisha kan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa, Ladu Elisha Karu.<ref>https://blueprint.ng/inuwa-commiserates-with-karu-over-mothers-death/</ref> == References == <references /> htg01rk0y7odu00e1xdhy8gz7iugli1 0 147095 840486 816313 2026-05-27T16:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kabale Tache Arero''', 'yar kasuwa ce kuma shugabar kamfanoni a [[Kenya]] . Ita ce babban jami'in zartarwa na Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Kenya, wata kungiya ce ta kasa wacce take da alhakin gudanar da filayen jama'a a madadin gwamnatocin kasa da na gundumar. Har ila yau, yana sa ido kuma yana da kula da tsara amfani da ƙasa a duk faɗin ƙasar. An tabbatar da ita a matsayin Shugaba a watan Yunin 2023, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Shugaba tun watan Disamba na 2018. <ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Benson Matheka |date=13 June 2023 |title=NLC Confirms Kabale Arero As Chief Executive Officer |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/nlc-confirms-kabale-arero-as-chief-executive-officer-4268434 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[Daily Nation]]}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == Ita 'yar kasar Kenya ce. An haife ta ne a cikin al'ummar Mata Arba, a cikin Mazabar Saku, a cikin Marsabit County, a cikin shekarun 1970s. Ita ce yarinya ta tsakiya kuma mace ce kawai a cikin iyali na 'yan uwa bakwai. Ta yi karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Moi . <ref name="ProfileR">{{Cite web |last=Diba Kosi Bilinga |date=June 2023 |title=CEO Kabale; From A Shy Village Girl To An Adorable National Leader |url=https://www.youth-advocacy.org/regional-news/ceo-kabale-from-a-shy-village-girl-to-an-adorable-national-leader |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Youth Empowerment Strategies & Advocacy Organization |archive-date=11 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711120148/https://www.youth-advocacy.org/regional-news/ceo-kabale-from-a-shy-village-girl-to-an-adorable-national-leader |url-status=dead }}</ref> Digiri na farko shi ne Bachelor of Business Administration . Matsayinta na biyu shine Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci, tare da nuna bambanci a [[Albarkatun dan'adam|Gudanar da albarkatun ɗan adam]], wanda aka samu daga [[Jami'ar Kenyatta]], a Nairobi, Kenya . Ita cikakken memba ce ta ''Cibiyar Gudanar da Albarkatun Dan Adam'' (IHRM) kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan adam ne.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Bruhan Makong |date=13 June 2024 |title=NLC Appoints Kabale Tache Arero As Chief Executive Officer |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2023/06/nlc-appoints-kabale-tache-arero-as-chief-executive-officer/ |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[98.4 FM|Capital FM Kenya]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukanta sun koma sama da shekaru 20, tun daga watan Yunin 2023. Ma'aikata na baya sun hada da ''Hukumar Aiwatar da Tsarin Mulki'' (CIC) da Postbank Kenya. Kafin nadin ta a matsayin Ag. Shugaba na Kenya NLC a cikin 2018, ta kasance shugabar albarkatun ɗan adam a Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Kasa.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Maureen Kinyanjui |date=13 June 2023 |title=Kabale Tache Arero confrimed as NLC boss |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-06-13-kabale-tache-arero-confrimed-as-nlc-boss/ |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)]]}}</ref><ref name="2R"/><ref name="4R"/> == Na Mutum == Ta auri Shadrack Jirma, mai ba da shawara kan kasuwanci kuma masanin kimiyya. Tare, su iyaye ne ga 'ya'ya maza huɗu.<ref name="ProfileR"/> == Sauran la'akari == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, William Ruto, shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasar Kenya ya ba ta lambar yabo ta Moran na Order of the Burning Spear (MBS), don nuna godiya da ayyukanta ga Jamhuriyar Kenya. An kuma ba ta lambar yabo a matsayin Shugaba na Sashen Jama'a na Shekara ta 2023, ta Taron Sashen Jamaʼa na Afirka da Kyaututtuka (APSCA). [1] == Dubi kuma == * Fatuma Abdulkadir Adan == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1fp8gqpa7xqy0sjvioer4ai4lhu2skc 0 147100 840474 816320 2026-05-27T13:45:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joyce Ann Wainaina''', ita ce Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Chui Ventures asusun Tsuntsu na Pan-Afirka. Ta kasance a baya manajan darakta na Citibank inda ta kasance Shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ta Citi a duk faɗin Afirka ta Kudu. Ita ce shugabar kamfanoni ta Kenya, wacce a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa, na Citibank Kenya da Gabashin Afirka, daga 2014 - 2019 <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nation Reporter |date=9 August 2014 |title=Kenyan becomes first African woman chief executive for Citibank in region |url=https://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Kenyan-becomes-first-African-woman-chief-executive-for-Citibank/1950106-2413786-format-xhtml-ufuiu9/index.html |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta ne a Kenya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1967, kuma ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Bachelor of Science a fannin kudi daga Jami'ar Duquesne, a Pennsylvania, Amurka. Har ila yau, tana da Jagora na Kimiyya a Tattalin Arziki, daga Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka, a Jami'ar London . [1] == Ayyuka == Joyce-Ann Waina ita ce Wanda ta kafa kuma Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Chui Ventures asusun Tsuntsu na Pan-Afirka. Ta kasance a baya manajan darakta na Citibank, Afirka ta Kudu, tana rufe kasashe 11 a Kudu, Gabas, Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya. Tana da aiki mai zurfi tare da Citi tun daga 1990 kuma ta rike manyan mukamai a duk faɗin Afirka da ke rufe gudanar da ƙasa, banki na kamfanoni, gudanar da samfur, ayyuka da sarrafawa. Joyce-Ann a baya ta kasance Shugaba na Citi East Africa na tsawon shekaru 5. Kafin wannan ta kasance manajan darakta kuma Babban Jami'in Kasar (CCO) na Citibank Zambia, daga 2011 zuwa 2014. <ref name="2R">{{cite web |author=Bloomberg L.P. |date=2019 |title=Executive Profile of Joyce Anne Wainaina: Managing Director, Citibank N.A. (Kenya) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=224016011&privcapId=2572267 |access-date=2 March 2019 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg L.P.]] |location=New York City}}</ref> Ta tsara Shirin Jagorancin Sapphire wani shirin jagoranci don ci gaban manyan ƙwarewa a cikin Citi a duk faɗin Kasuwanci masu tasowa a cikin EMEA. Ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Kungiyar Bankin Kenya da Babban Bankin Kenya don kafa shirin jagoranci ga Mata Shugabannin a masana'antar Bankin a Kenya. Ita ce mai kafa Trustee na JB Wanjui Education Trust wanda ke mai da hankali kan samar da tallafi ga 'yan mata a jami'a a Kenya. .<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R" /><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Alu Guest Speaker Series |date=June 2017 |title=Joyce-Ann Wainaina: Citibank East Africa CEO, Nairobi, Kenya |url=https://aluguestspeakerseries.sched.com/speaker/joyceannwainaina |access-date=2 March 2019 |publisher=Aluguestspeakerseries}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=The Observer Staff |date=9 October 2018 |title=Citibank Dismisses China Takeover |url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/citibank-dismisses-china-takeover/ |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043003/https://www.zambianobserver.com/citibank-dismisses-china-takeover/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Iyali == Ms Joyce Ann Wainaina mace ce mai aure mai yara uku.<ref name="3R"/> == Sauran ayyuka == Ya zuwa Maris 2019, Joyce Ann Wainaina na ɗaya daga cikin mata biyar da suka yi aiki a matsayin Shugabannin bankunan kasuwanci na Kenya. Sauran hudu sune (a) Nasim Devji, a Bankin Diamond Trust (b) Betty Korir a Bankin Credit (c) Anne Karanja, a Bankan Tattalin Arziki na Kenya da (d) Rebecca Mbithi a Bankin Iyali <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Muhatia |first=Abel |date=26 February 2019 |title=Family Bank appoints Rebecca Mbithi as new CEO |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019/02/26/family-bank-appoints-rebecca-mbithi-as-new-ceo_c1900641 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090531/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019/02/26/family-bank-appoints-rebecca-mbithi-as-new-ceo_c1900641 |archive-date=2 March 2019 |access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tattalin arzikin Kenya * Jerin bankunan a Tanzania * Jerin bankunan Afirka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] rb8nnt03g13csen4dst469b9bh6zg16 0 147332 841167 827987 2026-05-28T08:00:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa (FSA) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa, dimokuraɗiyya, kuma mai wakiltar magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Ingila da Wales. Su ne manyan masu fafutukar mallakar magoya baya, inganta hulɗa da magoya baya, farashin tikitin da ya fi rahusa, zaɓin tsayawa a filin wasa ( tsaye lafiya ), kare haƙƙin magoya baya, shugabanci nagari, bambancin ra'ayi, da kuma dukkan nau'ikan ƙarfafa magoya baya a duk faɗin wasan maza da mata. Shugaban FSA shine Tom Greatrex, kuma mataimakinsa shine Chris Paouros, dukkansu suna zaune a matsayin wakilan magoya baya a Majalisar FA . [1] == Kafawa da zama memba == An kafa kungiyar ne bayan da aka amince da hadewar kungiyoyin magoya bayan kwallon kafa na kasa guda biyu, wato Football Supporters' Federation da Supporters Direct, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=The FSA Annual Review 2018-19 |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fsa_annual_report_2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430221155/https://thefsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fsa_annual_report_2019 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The FSA}}</ref> An sanar da sunan sabuwar kungiyar a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2019 |title=Introducing the Football Supporters' Association |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/introducing-the-football-supporters-association |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The FSA}}</ref> Hukumar FSA tana wakiltar mambobi sama da 500,000 waɗanda suka ƙunshi magoya baya daban-daban da ƙungiyoyin magoya baya sama da 300 da ke da alaƙa da juna daga kowace ƙungiya a cikin wasan ƙwararru da kuma wasu da yawa a cikin dukkan dala ta ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Affiliates and associates |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/about/affiliates-and-associates/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> Kasancewa memba na FSA kyauta ne ga duk magoya baya, muddin sun haɓaka manufar bambancin ra'ayi, suna adawa da wariya, suna ƙin tashin hankali da kuma haɓaka al'adar adalci da kyautatawa tsakanin dukkan magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Join |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/join/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> == Yi aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki == Hukumar FSA tana yawan ganawa da hukumomin kwallon kafa da kuma Ma'aikatar Dijital, Al'adu, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Wasanni domin tattauna batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi damuwar magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. Su ne abokan hulɗar tattaunawa na [[Premier League]], EFL da National League, waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa tattaunawa tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya. Haka kuma suna haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kick It Out on the Fans for Diversity, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans for Diversity |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/fans-for-diversity/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans For Diversity |url=https://www.kickitout.org/pages/category/fans-for-diversity |website=Kick It Out }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma FA, Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales da Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaba kan ofisoshin jakadancin magoya baya na Ingila da Wales a ƙasashen waje. Suna tattaunawa akai-akai da wasu ƙungiyoyi, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwallo, Ombudsman Mai Zaman Kanta na Kwallon Kafa da Kwamandojin Wasannin 'Yan Sanda, da sauransu, kuma su ne waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa ta Turai (FSE), suna aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi na ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje a matsayin abokan hulɗa na tattaunawa da [[UEFA]] . Babban jami'in FSA, Kevin Miles, memba ne na kwamitin FSE da aka zaɓa. FSA kuma sakatariya ce ga Ƙungiyar Magoya bayan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Duk Jam'iyyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2020 |title=Register Of All-Party Parliamentary Groups [as at 24 February 2020] |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmallparty/200224/football-supporters.htm |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Parliament.uk}}</ref> == Yaƙin neman zaɓe da sauran ayyuka == Hukumar FSA tana haɓaka darajar goyon baya da hulɗar al'umma kuma tana taimaka wa amanar magoya baya don samun tasiri da kuma zama murya mai ginawa a yadda ake gudanar da ƙungiyar su. Akwai ƙungiyoyi kusan 50 mallakar magoya bayansu, ciki har da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko mallakar magoya baya a Burtaniya, AFC Wimbledon, Exeter City, da Newport County, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporter ownership |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/supporter-ownership/ |website=Football Supporters' Association |access-date=2026-04-01 |archive-date=2025-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025043333/https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/supporter-ownership/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma ƙungiyoyi mallakar wani ɓangare ne na haɗin gwiwar amanar magoya baya kamar [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] . Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Stand Up For Choice, wanda a da aka fi sani da yakin neman zaɓen Safe Standing, ya sami goyon bayan siyasa sosai. A babban zaɓen Burtaniya na 2019, dukkan manyan jam'iyyun siyasa uku na Ingila sun haɗa da alƙawarin ci gaba da kasancewa cikin aminci a cikin manufofinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=General Election 2019: what Conservatives, Labour & Liberal Democrats would do for football |url=https://www.wsc.co.uk/stories/14290-general-election-2019-what-conservatives-labour-liberal-democrats-would-do-for-football |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=When Saturday Comes}}</ref> Aikin da za a yi kan matukan jiragen sama na wuraren tsayawa a manyan jiragen sama waɗanda za a bincika bayan buga Sashen Nazarin Shaida Mai Sauri na Dijital, Al'adu, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Wasanni game da manufofin kujerun zama <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Standing at Football, A Rapid Evidence Assessment |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836546/Standing_at_Football_final_report.pdf |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport}}</ref> a 2019 ya dakatar da shi sakamakon annobar COVID-19 a Burtaniya da kuma takunkumin da aka sanya wa magoya baya halartar wasanni. A shekarar 2020, wani ɓangare na martani ga [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] da tasirinta ga wasan, har ma sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi da shugabanci da suka daɗe suna tasowa, FSA ta ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin Sustain the Game!. Tana kira da a ɗauki matakin gaggawa daga hukumomi don kare ƙungiyoyi a faɗin ƙasar, don ƙara bayyana gaskiya da kuma kula da harkokin kuɗi masu zaman kansu, da kuma Gwamnati ta cika alƙawarin da ta ɗauka na 'sake duba tsarin tafiyar da ƙwallon ƙafa bisa jagorancin magoya baya'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=The Conservative and Unionist Party Manifesto |url=https://assets-global.website-files.com/5da42e2cae7ebd3f8bde353c/5dda924905da587992a064ba_Conservative%202019%20Manifesto.pdf |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The Conservative and Unionist Party}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya sami goyon bayan siyasa tsakanin jam'iyyu daban-daban, da kuma goyon bayan ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyi masu goyon baya da kuma jiga-jigan masana'antar ƙwallon ƙafa kamar Jamie Carragher da Henry Winter . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustain The Game! |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/sustainthegame/ |website=Football Supporters' Association }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya zo ne watanni biyu kafin shawarwarin 'Project Big Picture' masu rarrabuwar kawuna da ba a san su ba, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2020 |title=Project Big Picture Q&A: All you need to know about Premier League shake-up proposal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/12102347/project-big-picture-q-a-all-you-need-to-know-about-premier-league-shake-up-proposal |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> wanda zai ga canje-canje masu yawa ga tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila kuma daga ƙarshe aka yi watsi da su gaba ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2020 |title=Project Big Picture 'unanimously' rejected by Premier League and FA |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/project-big-picture-unanimously-rejected-by-premier-league/1lx7vn3g8crsr1rutyxjuojxv4#:~:text=Project%20Big%20Picture%20'unanimously'%20rejected%20by%20Premier%20League%20and%20FA,-Dom%20Farrell&text=The%20Premier%20League%20has%20rejected,and%20sustainable%22%20league%20structure%22. |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A lokacin taron ƙarawa juna sani na 2020, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa don wakiltar magoya baya a wasan mata, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2021 |title=FSA AGM 2020 round-up |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-agm-2020-round-up/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> a bayan aikin da ta yi a cikin watanni 18 da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin magoya baya sama da 25 a cikin manyan rukunoni huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Strength in unity: working to give fans of women's football a collective voice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/nov/10/strength-in-unity-working-to-give-fans-of-womens-football-a-collective-voice |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an yi kira ga magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa na gida a Bury, Greater Manchester da su kaɗa ƙuri'a a wani zaɓen jin ra'ayin jama'a, wanda FSA ta jagoranta, game da yiwuwar haɗa ƙungiyoyin magoya baya na [[Bury F.C.|Bury FC]] da [[Bury F.C.|Bury AFC.]] FSA ta ce babu wani "madadin da zai iya dorewa kuma mai dorewa ga haɗakar", wanda, idan aka amince da shi, zai iya haifar da komawar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru zuwa filin wasa na Gigg Lane na garin bayan korar Bury FC daga EFL a watan Agusta 2019. == Kyaututtukan FSA == Kyautar '''<nowiki/>'Dan Wasan Shekara ta Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa,''' kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara, wacce ake bayarwa a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan FSA tare da haɗin gwiwar 'BeGambleAware', wacce ake baiwa ɗan wasan da aka yi wa hukunci cewa ya sami mafi kyawun shekara a dukkan sassan ƙwallon ƙafa na Welsh da Ingila . An bayar da kyautar tun daga shekarar 2013, lokacin da ɗan wasan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] [[Luis Suárez]] ya lashe kyautar farko. Wadanda suka lashe kyautar kwanan nan sune [[Frida Leonhardsen Maanum|Frida Maanum]] ta Arsenal da {{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} na Liverpool. Ana zaɓen waɗanda suka yi nasara ta hanyar zaɓen jama'a bayan an kammala zaɓen fidda gwani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2019 |title=Nominations open for 2019 FSA Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/nominations-open-for-2019-fsa-awards/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> Teburin ya nuna inda ɗan wasan da ya yi nasara ya kuma lashe ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin manyan kyaututtukan "ɗan wasan shekara" a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, wato kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru (PPY), <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2001 |title=Only here for the peers |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1287470.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="A1">{{Cite web |date=23 April 2006 |title=Gerrard named player of the year |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4935884.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="A2">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2007 |title=Ronaldo secures PFA awards double |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/6582201.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta ƙungiyar marubutan ƙwallon ƙafa (FWA), <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2007 |title=England&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;Players Awards |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/engpoy.html |access-date=18 March 2008 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta magoya bayan PFA (FPY), <ref>{{Cite web |title=PFA's Official Fan's Player of the Year: Previous Winners |url=http://www.givemefootball.com/rolls_of_honour/fansplayerofyearroll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220145853/http://www.givemefootball.com/rolls_of_honour/fansplayerofyearroll.html |archive-date=20 February 2008 |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan kakar wasa ta Premier (PPS), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Awards, View Season–by-Season Stats |url=https://www.premierleague.com/history/awards?se=-1&aw=20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918164305/https://www.premierleague.com/history/awards?se=-1&aw=20 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=9 September 2020 |website=Premier League.com}}</ref> da kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta PFA (YPY). <ref name="A1" /> <ref name="A2" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Shekara ! ! 'Yar Wasa Mace ! Kulob ! An kuma yi nasara ! Bayanan kula |- | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | Sari van Veenendaal | Arsenal | | <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cummins |first=Garreth |date=2019-11-21 |title=FSA Women's Player of the Year 2019 nominees |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-womens-player-of-the-year-2019-nominees/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2017 |{{Flagicon|England}} | Jill Scott | Manchester City | | <ref name=":0" /> |- | 2018 |{{Flagicon|England}} | [[Beth Mead]] | Arsenal | | <ref>{{Cite web |last=soladmin |date=2018-12-03 |title=Mohamed Salah and Beth Mead win supporters' accolades |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/mohamed-salah-and-beth-mead-win-supporters-accolades/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2019 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] | Arsenal | PFA | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2019-12-17 |title=Virgil Van Dijk named FSA Men's Player of the Year |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/virgil-van-dijk-named-fsa-mens-player-of-the-year/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2020 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] (2) | Arsenal | FWA, LFA | <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2021-11-29 |title=FSA Awards 2021: Mohamed Salah wins Men's Player of the Year Award |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2021-mohamed-salah-wins-mens-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2021 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] (3) | Arsenal | BBC, PFA | <ref name=":1" /> |- | 2022 |{{Flagicon|England}} | [[Beth Mead]] (2) | Arsenal | BBC | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2022-11-15 |title=FSA Awards 2022: De Bruyne & Mead win major supporter honours |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2022-de-bruyne-mead-win-major-supporter-honours/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2023 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} | [[Frida Leonhardsen Maanum|Frida Maanum]] | Arsenal | PFA | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Frida Maanum named FSA Women's Player of the Year |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/frida-maanum-named-fsa-womens-player-year |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Frida Maanum named FSA Women’s Player of the Year |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2024 |{{Flagicon|England}} | Lauren Hemp | Manchester City | | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2024-12-02 |title=Palmer and Hemp lead FSA Player of the Year Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/palmer-and-hemp-lead-fsa-player-of-the-year-awards/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |} {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Year ! !Male Player !Club ! class="unsortable" |Also won ! align="center" class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2013 |{{Sort|Uruguay|{{flagicon|Uruguay}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Luis|Suárez}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FWA, PPY |Inaugural winner of the award |- |2014 |{{Sort|Argentina|{{flagicon|Argentina}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Sergio|Agüero}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City's Sergio Aguero wins Player of the Year award in Football Supporters' Federation vote |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9589108/sergio-aguero-wins-player-of-the-year-award-in-football-supporters-federation-vote |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> |- |2015 |{{Sort|Chile|{{flagicon|Chile}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Alexis|Sánchez||Sanchez, Alexis}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |FPY |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez wins Player of the Year award in Football Supporters' Federation vote |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/10092459/arsenals-alexis-sanchez-wins-football-supporters-federation-award |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> |- |2016 |{{Sort|Brazil|{{flagicon|Brazil}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Philippe|Coutinho}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2016 |title=Liverpool's Coutinho named Player of the Year at 2016 FSF Awards |url=https://www.shoot.co.uk/liverpools-coutinho-named-player-of-the-year-at-2016-fsf-awards/ |website=Shoot}}</ref> |- |2017 |{{Sort|England|{{flagicon|England}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Harry|Kane}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harry Kane claims FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news-archive-1/harry-kane-claims-fsf-mens-player-of-the-year-award/ |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> |- |2018 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FWA, PPY, FPY, PPS, FSF |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=Mohamed Salah wins FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/328315-mohamed-salah-fsf-player-of-the-year |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2019 |{{Sort|Netherlands|{{flagicon|Netherlands}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Virgil|van Dijk}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |PPY, PPS |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2019 |title=Virgil Van Dijk wins FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/11888523/liverpools-virgil-van-dijk-wins-football-supporters-association-player-of-the-year-award |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2020 |{{Sort|Portugal|{{flagicon|Portugal}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Bruno|Fernandes}} | align="left" |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2021 |title=FSA Awards in association with BeGambleAware |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-in-association-with-begambleaware/ |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=thefsa.org.uk}}</ref> |- |2021 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} (2) | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FPY, FSF |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Mohamed Salah voted FSA Men's Player of the Year |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/mohamed-salah-voted-fsa-mens-player-year |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2022 |{{Sort|Belgium|{{flagicon|Belgium}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Kevin|De Bruyne}} | align="left" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |PPS |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=FSA Awards 2022: De Bruyne & Mead win major supporter honours |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2022-de-bruyne-mead-win-major-supporter-honours/ |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=FSA}}</ref> |- |2023 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} (3) | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Mohamed Salah wins FSA Men's Player of the Year prize for third time |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/mohamed-salah-wins-fsa-mens-player-year-prize-third-time |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2024 |{{Sort|England|{{flagicon|England}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Cole|Palmer}} | align="left" |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |YPY, FPY |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=Palmer and Hemp lead FSA Player of the Year Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/palmer-and-hemp-lead-fsa-player-of-the-year-awards/ |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=TheFSA.org.uk}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE" |† |Indicates the award was previous the Football Supporters' Federation ('''FSF''') Player of the Year Award. |} Ana bayar da kyaututtuka a wasu fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da masu sharhi kan wasanni, masu watsa shirye-shirye, marubuta da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Guardian wins FSA newspaper of the year award for seventh time in a row |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/17/guardian-wins-football-supporters-association-newspaper-of-the-year-award-seventh-time-in-row |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Duba kuma ==   * Kwallon kafa a Burtaniya * Magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai * Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.thefsa.org.uk/}} {{English football awards}}{{English Football Supporters}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qhkekay5j5stmrvvv5tkeh6xbsh1yjp 0 147433 840480 817886 2026-05-27T14:10:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Musso Udinese.png|thumb|Juan Musso]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Juan Musso | full_name = Juan Agustín Musso | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|5|6}} | birth_place = San Nicolás, Argentina | height = 1.91 m | position = Goalkeeper | currentclub = Atalanta | clubnumber = 1 | youthyears1 = 2012–2014 | youthclubs1 = Racing Club | years1 = 2014–2018 | clubs1 = Racing Club | caps1 = 23 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2018–2021 | clubs2 = Udinese | caps2 = 102 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2021– | clubs3 = Atalanta | caps3 = 90 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2019– | nationalteam1 = Argentina | nationalcaps1 = 2 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 2024 | nationalteam-update = 2024 }} '''Juan Agustín Musso''' (an haife shi ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Argentina wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[Atalanta B.C.]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar Argentina.<ref>{{cite web|title=Juan Musso Profile|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/juan-musso/profil/spieler/334806|website=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Juan Musso a garin San Nicolás, a ƙasar Argentina. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami kafin ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta ƙungiyar Racing Club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Juan Musso Biography|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/juan-musso/|website=WorldFootball}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Racing Club === Musso ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Racing Club a shekarar 2014. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Argentina Primera División a kakar 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Racing Club Squad 2014|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/argentina/racing-club-de-avellaneda/|website=Soccerway}}</ref> === Udinese === A shekarar 2018, Musso ya koma ƙungiyar Udinese ta ƙasar Italiya. A lokacin zamansa a can, ya zama babban mai tsaron gida na farko, inda ya buga wasanni sama da 100 a gasar Serie A.<ref>{{cite web|title=Udinese Sign Musso|url=https://www.udinese.it/news|website=Udinese Official}}</ref> === Atalanta === A watan Yuli 2021, Musso ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragi da Atalanta. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa ƙungiyar a gasar Serie A da kuma gasar Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Musso Joins Atalanta|url=https://www.atalanta.it/en/news/musso-joins-atalanta/|website=Atalanta Official}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Musso ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasar Argentina wasa a shekarar 2019. Ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka halarci gasar Copa América.<ref>{{cite web|title=Argentina National Team Profile|url=https://www.afa.com.ar/en/|website=Argentine Football Association}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Racing Club * Argentina Primera División: 2014 === Argentina * Copa América: 2021 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Argentine footballers]] [[Category:Association football goalkeepers]] [[Category:Atalanta B.C. players]] [[Category:Udinese Calcio players]] [[Category:Racing Club de Avellaneda players]] [[Category:Argentina international footballers]] f2do9s65acxfaprodxw1lqwawkmkrw0 0 147725 840534 819182 2026-05-27T18:19:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kamfanin Transmission Company of Nigeria ('''TCN''') kamfani ne na wutar lantarki mallakar gwamnatin tarayya a Najeriya wanda aka kafa a cikin shekarar 2005. Tana da hedkwata a [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]] a [[Abuja]] . Yana daga cikin ƴancin wutar lantarki na Yammacin Afirka, wata hukuma da ta himmatu ga inganta kwararar makamashi a faɗin jihohin membobin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] ta hanyar hada-hadar kuɗaɗen tsakanin ƙasashe membobin don ingantaccen ayyukan wutar lantarki a cikin yankin. Yana ci gaba da wannan manufar haɗin gwiwa cewa TCN yana ba da samar da wutar lantarki ga [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Nijar]], [[Benin|Jamhuriyar Benin]] da [[Togo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=TCN Canvasses Timely Contributions wapp |url=https://punchng.com/tcn-canvasses-timely-contributions-to-sustain-wafrican-power-projects/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Punch Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=Power WAPP Set to Complete North Core Transmission Line |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/power-wapp-sets-to-complete-north-core-transmission-line-linking-nigeria-three-other-countries-by-2023/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-05 |title=WAPP Commits to Linking Nigeria to Three Countries |url=https://independent.ng/electricity-wapp-commits-to-linking-3-countries-with-transmission-line-by-2023/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Independent Nigeria News |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == TCN na daga cikin kamfanoni goma sha takwas da aka raba daga PHCN a lokacin shugabancin [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] a shekara ta 2005 wanda Dokar Gyara Sashin Wutar Lantarki (EPSR Act) ta goyi bayan ciki har da kamfanoni shida na ƙarni (GenCos) da kamfanoni gomashen rarrabawa (DisCos). An kafa shi a shekara ta 2005 kuma [[Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Najeriya]] ta ba shi lasisi a cikin shekara ta 2006. Gwamnati ce ta kafa kamfanin a ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ingantaccen daidaitawar watsa wutar lantarki a cikin ƙasar; yayin da ake samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa sannan a rarraba shi ga mabuƙaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Transmission Company of Nigeria |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/transmission-company-of-nigeria-tcn-122242 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref> Kamfanin watsawa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hukumomi wajen isar da wutar lantarki ga mai amfani na ƙarshe, mai amfani da wutar lantarki a Najeriya da maƙwabtanta. Kuma Najeriya a tsawon shekaru ta nemi warware rikitarwa a cikin sarkar isar da wutar lantarki ta haka ne ke haifar da matakai daban-daban na sarkar da aka ba kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wato; tsara, watsawa da rarrabawa. Kamfanin watsa shirye-shirye na Najeriya ya zama an kafa shi a shekara ta 2005 kuma babban hukumar kula da wutar lantarki, (NERC) ta ba shi lasisin aiki. Ayyukan lasisi na TCN sun haɗa da watsa wutar lantarki, aiki na tsarin da kasuwancin wutar lantarki. Yana da alhakin fitar da wutar lantarki da kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki (GenCos) suka samar da kuma tura shi ga kamfanonin rarrabawa (DisCos). Yana samar da muhimman kayan aikin watsawa tsakanin GenCos da DisCos" Feeder Sub-stations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuaka |first=Mary |date=2021-05-21 |title=BPE Proposes Privatization of Transmission Company of Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/464264-bpe-proposes-privatisation-of-transmission-company-of-nigeria.html |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Premium Times |language=en}}</ref> An ba da lasisin da aka amince da shi don matakai biyu waɗanda suka kasance samar da sabis na watsawa da aiki mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akpan |first=Udeme |date=2020-07-10 |title=NERC Unbundles TCN into Transmission, Operations |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/Nerc-unbundles-tcn-into-transmission-operations |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en}}</ref> == Aiki == A ƙarƙashin lasisin da aka bayar don watsawa, kamfanin yana kula da ci gaba da kiyaye kayan aikin watsawa na Najeriya kamar igiyoyin lantarki, hasumiyoyi da masu canzawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Facilitating Energy Transition Greenfield Terminal Project |url=https://www.global-energy-storage.com/facilitating-energy-transition-greenfield-terminal-project |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Global Energy Storage |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeremiah |first=Kingsley |date=2019-09-24 |title=Again Discos at Loggerheads with TCN Over Transmission Infrastructure |url=https://www.guardian.ng/business-services/again-discos-at-loggerheads-with-tcn-over-transmission-infrastructure |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Guardian Newspaper Limited |language=en}}</ref> A ƙoƙarin tabbatar da bangaren wutar lantarki na Najeriya ya zama mai yiwuwa da haɓaka saka hannun jari kai tsaye na ƙasashen waje da masana'antu na cikin gida, an tsara takardar umarni da manufofin TCN don mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da amfani da sabuwar fasaha, saurin aiwatar da aikin da inganta ingancin aiki. Najeriya a tsawon shekaru ta danganta jinkirin ci gabanta ga rashin samar da wutar lantarki tun lokacin da aka fara shi a cikin shekarar 1896 lokacin da aka samar da wutar lantarki a Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayanruoh |first=Felix |date=26 February 2013 |title=The Challenges of the Nigeria Electric Power Sector Reform |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/the-challenges-of-the-nigerian-electric-power-sector-reform-1/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |publisher=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en}}</ref> Umurnin da ya kasance don fitar da matakin ci gaba a cikin amfani da iyawa, maye gurbin kayan aikin fasaha na zamani da kuma hanzarta aikin kulawa don ingantaccen aiki ya dogara ne akan babban shirin gwamnati don tabbatar da ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin ikonsa don isar da nauyinsa ga kamfanoni masu samarwa da kamfanonin rarrabawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tena |first=Nomvuyo |date=6 June 2022 |title=Nigeria TCN to Use Transmission Expansion Masterplan |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/transmission-and-distribution/newly-inaugurated-tcn-board-challenged-to-deliver-on-power-mandate/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=ESI Africa |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, an gabatar da mai gudanar da tsarin mai zaman kansa.<ref name="Business" /> ISO yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke samar da kamfanin watsawa na Najeriya. Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cewa layin layin watsawa abin dogaro ne kuma kula da kwanciyar hankali na fasaha na layin ta hanyar ayyukanta na tsarawa, aikawa, da sarrafa wutar lantarki a kan layin.<ref name="Business" /> Dokar Gyaran Sashin Wutar Lantarki (EPSR) a karkashin sashi na 26 (7) ta tsara ayyukan ISO a cikin sharuɗɗa da yanayin da NERC ta tsara tare da iko da matsayin mai aiki da tsarin.<ref name="Business">{{Cite web |last=Ogaji |first=Joy |date=2021-03-01 |title=Exploring the Dynamics in the Current Ailing Power Sector |url=https://businessday.ng/energy/power/article/independent-system-operator-exploring-its-dynamics-in-the-current-ailing-power-sector-i/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Business Day Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Jagorancin TCN == Kamfanin watsa shirye-shirye na Najeriya yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin kwamitin daraktoci wanda ya ƙunshi shugaban, manajan darektan da sauran mambobi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Simon |date=2022-06-03 |title=Buni and 13 others make TCN board after 7 years |url=https://dailytrust.com/buni-13-others-make-tcn-board-after-7-years/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Media Trust Limited |language=en}}</ref> Manajan darektan da shugaban zartarwa suna kula da ma'aikatan gudanarwa da ayyukan yau da kullun na kamfanin. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Sule Abdulaziz shine manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in zartarwa da aka naɗa tun daga shekarar 2022 kuma yana jagorantar kamfanin har zuwa yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tajudeen |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-14 |title=Buhari Confirms Sule Abdulaziz as TCN MD |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/buhari-confirms-sule-ahmed-abdulaziz-as-new-md-of-tcn/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Media Trust Limited |language=en}}</ref> == Hanyoyin watsawa == NETAP shine ɓangaren Najeriya na aikin watsawa na arewa wanda zai haɗa Najeriya, [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Benin]] da [[Burkina Faso]] a kan layin 330kV DC. Yana tallafawa samarwa da shigarwa na Kulawa da Tsarin Samun Bayanai / Gudanar da Makamashi (SCADA / EMS) da kuma shawarwari waɗanda za su tallafa wa ayyukan PPP a TCN a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Nigeria To Invest 27 Billion Loan in Power Infrastructure |url=https://guardian.ng/energy/nigeria-to-invest-2-7-billion-loan-in-power-infrastructure |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Guardian Newspaper |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-11 |title=TCN Votes On 756 Billion on Bilateral Multilateral Projects |url=https://www.thenationonlineng.net/tcn-votes-99-756-billion-0n-bilateral-multilateral-projects-next-year |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=The Nation Online |language=en}}</ref> === Legas / Shirin samar da kayayyakin sadarwa === Jihar Legas ita ce birni na kasuwanci na Najeriya kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi yawan jama'a a Afirka suna buƙatar ikon kasancewa a kan karuwa saboda haɓaka ayyukan masana'antu da ƙaura. TCN ta dauki mataki don tsara wannan aikin don samar da karin wutar lantarki ga Legas da yankunan da ke kusa da shi a [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]. An yi niyya ne don haɓaka ƙarfin watsa ƙasa ta hanyar megawatts 1,487 don haka haɓaka watsawa ta 7,000MW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=Federal Government to Ram Up Power Infrastructure |url=https://www.vanguard.ng/fg-hopes-to-ramp-up-power-infrastructure-with-$4bn-funding |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216054217/https://www.vanguard.ng/fg-hopes-to-ramp-up-power-infrastructure-with-$4bn-funding |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tsarin zobe na watsa Abuja === [[Abuja]], babban birnin tarayya na Najeriya yana daya daga cikin biranen da ke girma da sauri a Afirka kuma cibiyar kasar inda gwamnatin tarayya take. A tabbatar da karuwar watsa wutar lantarki a cikin FCT da jihohin makwabta, TCN ta dakatar da wannan makircin a cikin birni tare da hada wasu shafuka biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uko |first=Anthony |title=TCN Plans to Raise Abuja Transmission Network by 624MW |url=https://www.leadership.ng/As-TCN-Plans-To-Raise-Abuja-Transmission-Network-By-624MW |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Leadership Nigeria Newspaper |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TCN Builds 5 Substations in Abuja to Boost Power Supply |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2020/07/17/tcn-builds-5-substations-in-abuja-to-boost-power-supply/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=NIPC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-02 |title=Power Wobbles Despite Over One Billion Dollar Investment |url=https://guardian.ng/news/power-wobbles-despite-1-6-billion-investments/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Guardian Nigeria Newspaper |language=en}}</ref> === Aikin watsawa na arewa === Hanyar arewacin Najeriya, wanda ya hada da Arewa maso Gabas, Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa maso Tsakiya, ba a bar shi daga cikin fitarwa ba don inganta damar watsawa don bunkasa grid na kasa. TCN a matsayin kamfani na watsawa kawai ya fara wannan aikin don manufar sake gina ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin Shiroro-Kaduna biyu da iyakance layin 330kV SC zuwa layin huɗu kuma ya gina da farko tashoshin 330kV guda huɗu a [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]], [[Daura]], Jogana-Kano da Kaura Namoda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-31 |title=French Agency Approves 245 Million Dollars for Transmission Projects in Northern Nigeria |url=https://guardian.ng/news/french-agency-approves-245m-for-transmission-projects-in-northern-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Guardian Nigeria Newspaper |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-31 |title=French Agency Approves $245m For Transmission Projects in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/67065-French-agency-approves-245m-for-transmission-projects-in-northern-Nigeria--46 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=News Express Agency |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tashoshin da ke cikin gida == A cikin ci gaba da ƙoƙari na ci gaba da inganta watsa wutar lantarki zuwa cibiyoyin rarraba kaya a duk faɗin ƙasar, Kamfanin watsa wutar lantarki na Najeriya (TCN) yana gina sabbin wuraren watsa wutar lantarki da kuma gyara tsofaffi a duk faɗakarwa a ƙasar. Wadannan tashoshin da ke aiki a matsayin rassan watsawa na kamfanin a duk faɗin ƙasar suna cikin jihohi da yankuna daban-daban ciki har da wasu daga cikin wadannan da aka jera a ƙasa: * Benin ta kudu * Alimosho * Ajah * Ejigbo * Tattalin Arziki * Zaria * Kogin Oji * Mayo Bewa * FCT Kukwaba * Abinda ake kira * Hadejia Jigawa * Keffi * Katampe * Uyo * Umuahia * Aba * Apo * Gombe * Bauchi * Bida * Jos * Suleija * Tsohon Abeokuta * Sabon Kano * Umurni * Zaria * Kakuri * Edo * Ado-Ekiti * Ejigbo na II * Akure * Wudil (Kano) * Okpella * Papalanto * Damaturu * Ayede * Kastina * Daura * Janar na auduga Onitsha * Benin-Agbor * Dan Agundi <ref>{{Cite web |title=TCN Offices in Nigeria |url=https://nigerianfinder.com/tcn-offices-in-nigeria-contact-details/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Nigerian Finder |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Existing Transmission Company of Nigeria Line System Source |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Existing-Transmission-Company-of-Nigeria-TCN-Transmission-Line-System-Source_fig3_319449206 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Research Gate |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-22 |title=Recent Project Activities of Transmission Company of Nigeria |url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/recent-project-activities-of-transmission-company-of-nigeria-sustainable-photovideo-details-1511.html |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Financial Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=TCN Completes Ajah Transmission Tower |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/electricity-tcn-completes-ajah-transmission-tower-increases-capacity-to-1200mw/ |access-date= |website=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=TCN Completes Akure Substation |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/tcn-completes-work-on-330kv-akure-substation/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Blueprint Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=New Lafia Substation to Become Nigeria’s Transmission Hub |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/new-lafia-substation-to-become-nigerias-transmission-hub-ndphc-boss/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Tribune Online |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Power Transmission Stations in Nigeria |url=https://www.dailytipsfinder.com/list-of-power-transmission-stations-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Daily Tips Finder |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801122014/https://www.dailytipsfinder.com/list-of-power-transmission-stations-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kudin == Kamfanin galibi ana tallafawa ta hanyar tashoshi daban-daban ciki har da kudaden shiga daga biyan kuɗi don sabis zuwa kamfanoni masu samarwa, kamfanonin rarrabawa na duniya da abokan ciniki da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye. Har ila yau daga kasafin kuɗi don ayyukan babban birnin da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi da irin waɗannan tallafi da rance daga manyan hukumomin duniya kamar Bankin Duniya, [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka]], Hukumar hadin gwiwa ta Duniya ta Japan, Hukumar Francais de Development da [[Tarayyar Turai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-28 |title=FG Hopes to Ramp Up Power Infrastructure |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/fg-hopes-to-ramp-up-power-infrastructure-with-4bn-funding/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Vanguard Media Limited |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=TCN 15 Transformers To Improve |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/tcns-15-new-procured-transformers-set-to-improve-transmission-capacity-with-1487mw/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=ICIR Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=FG Partners Japan on Transmission Expansion Programme |url=https://punchng.com/fg-partners-japan-on-200m-power-transmission-expansion-programme/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Punch Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=FG to partner Japan agency on power transmission |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/fg-to-partner-japan-agency-on-power-transmission/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Blueprint Media Limited}}</ref> A cikin 2018, yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin shugaban kasar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] da Shugaban Jamusanci, [[Angela Merkel]] ta haifi shirin ikon shugaban kasa. Ana sa ran aikin zai ba da gudummawa sosai wajen tayar da kalubalen ikon kasar. TCN ta kasance a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin Shirin Kula da Harkokin Kasuwancin Shugaban kasa na Najeriya wanda Siemens ya fara, kuma a matsayin yarjejeniyar gwamnati da gwamnati tsakanin Najeriya da Jamus wajen warware kalubalen da ke akwai a bangaren wutar lantarki ta kasar ta haka ne fadada ikon watsawa da rarraba hanyar sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-07 |title=Understanding Nigeria’s Presidential Power Initiative |url=https://www.businessday.ng/understanding-nigeria’s-presidential-power-initiative |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Businessday Newspaper |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-31 |title=Understanding Nigeria’s Presidential Power Initiative |url=https://www.punchng.com/understanding-nigeria’s-presidential-power-initiative |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Punch Nigeria Newspaper |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ƙalubalen == Tun lokacin da aka mallaki samar da wutar lantarki da rarraba sassan Najeriya, watsa wutar lantarki ya kasance babban batu da mahimmin al'amari.<ref name="CSE">{{Cite web |title=Challenges and Interventions Needs in the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry |url=https://cseaafrica.org/challenges-and-interventions-needs-in-the-nigerian-electricity-supply-industry-nesi/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |website=Choice Social Change Africa |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822093507/https://cseaafrica.org/challenges-and-interventions-needs-in-the-nigerian-electricity-supply-industry-nesi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga cikin kalubalen da kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen Najeriya ke fuskanta sune: * Matsalolin ababen more rayuwa; * Rashin layin watsawa da kayan aiki; * Rashin madadin gas a cikin tashoshin watsa wutar lantarki; * Ayyukan tonowa da ba bisa ka'ida ba a kusa da layin watsawa. Waɗannan sun ba da gudummawa ga sake fashewar wutar lantarki da rushewar grid na kasa.<ref name="CSE"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Opaoluwani |first=Akintayo |title=Why Nigeria Gas to Power Challenges May Worsen |url=https://punchng.com/why-nigerias-gas-to-power-challenges-may-worsen/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=The Punch Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=As Power Sector Falters TCN Trudges |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/03/20/as-power-sector-falters-tcn-trudges-on-2/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=Thisday Newspaper |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * [http://www.tcn.org.ng/ Shafin hukuma] * [http://www.nipc.gov.ng/ Hukumar Tallafa Jari ta Najeriya] * [http://www.global-energy-storage.org/ Adana Makamashi na Duniya]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Rukuni:Tarihin Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya a 1960]] [[Rukuni:Hanyoyin Sadarwa]] [[Rukuni:Yanar Gizo]] [[Rukuni:Rediyoyin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rediyoyi]] [[Rukuni:Labarin ƙasa]] 4d4c8qhsev8wwi7xnvkhsto9ma1cpoy 0 148071 840575 821142 2026-05-27T21:09:02Z ~2026-29785-65 45265 840575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jacob Ramsey |image=Jacob Ramsey 24052026 (2).jpg | full_name = Jacob Matthew Ramsey | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|5|28}} | birth_place = Birmingham, Ingila | position = Dan tsakiya (Midfielder) | currentclub = Aston Villa | clubnumber = 41 | youthyears1 = 2007–2019 | youthclubs1 = Aston Villa | years1 = 2019– | clubs1 = Aston Villa | caps1 = 100+ | goals1 = 15+ | nationalyears1 = 2018 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U18 | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2019 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2021–2023 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 20+ | nationalgoals3 = 2+ }} [[Fayil:Jacob Ramsey 2021.jpg|thumb|Jacob Ramsey]] '''Jacob Matthew Ramsey''' (an haife shi 28 ga Mayu, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya ga kulob din [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] a gasar [[Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jacob Ramsey Profile |url=https://www.avfc.co.uk/players/jacobramsey |publisher=Aston Villa Official Website |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Jacob Ramsey a birnin [[Birmingham]] na ƙasar Ingila. Ya taso ne a makarantar horas da matasa ta kulob din Aston Villa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya fara nuna bajinta tun daga matakin yara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ramsey - Academy Graduate |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/ |publisher=Premier League |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Aikin Kulob== ===Aston Villa=== Ramsey ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar Aston Villa a shekarar 2019 bayan kammala horo a matakin matasa. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a babbar ƙungiya a gasar cin kofin EFL Cup.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramsey makes senior debut |publisher=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> A kakar 2021/2022, Ramsey ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman 'yan wasan Aston Villa, inda ya zura kwallaye masu muhimmanci a gasar Premier League.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramsey shines for Villa |publisher=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com/football |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Aikin Ƙasa== Ramsey ya wakilci Ingila a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da Ingila U18, U19 da kuma U21. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar Ingila ta U21 a gasar Turai ta matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=England U21 Squad |publisher=The FA |url=https://www.thefa.com |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> ==Salon Wasa== Jacob Ramsey ɗan tsakiya ne mai iya kai hari da kuma kare baya. Yana da ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo, gudu da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye daga waje da cikin akwatin bugun fanareti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Jacob Ramsey |publisher=Premier League |url=https://www.premierleague.com |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Aston Villa F.C. players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] ewoqd1ra7d0xqes74cosvexjtsghs5y 0 148682 840998 827365 2026-05-28T06:55:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wuri | suna = Kumbiya-Kumbiya | iri = Unguwa | ƙasa = Najeriya | jiha = Gombe | karamar_hukuma = Gombe | yawan_jama'a = 10,000+ | harshe = Hausa, Fulfulde | lokaci = WAT (UTC+1) }} '''Kumbiya-Kumbiya''' wata karamar unguwa ce mai dunbun tarihi da ke a cikin [[Jihar Gombe]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Unguwar tana daga cikin wuraren da ke karkashin daya daga cikin kananan hukumomin jihar, kuma tana da alaka da sauran yankunan karkara da birane na jihar.<ref name="gombe">{{cite web |title=Gombe State Overview |url=https://gombestate.gov.ng |access-date=2026-04-28}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Kumbiya-Kumbiya yana da nasaba da kaura da zamantakewar al'ummomin Hausawa da Fulani da suka zauna a yankin tun shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata. An yi imanin cewa sunan unguwar ya samo asali ne daga wani yanayi ko al'ada da ta shafi rayuwar mutanen farko da suka fara zama a yankin, kuma an fitar da wani yanki ne daga Unguwar Bolari wacce take bangaren Kudu, kuma akan akanta ta da Unguwar baki, saboda a wancan lokacin Sarki yakan saukar da bakin da suka zo daga nesa dan basu masauki, shi yasa mutanen da duka shahara wajen kafa wannan yanki baki ne.<ref name="history">{{cite book |title=History of Northern Nigeria Settlements |year=2015 |publisher=Ahmadu Bello University Press}}</ref> == Yanayi da Muhalli == Unguwar Kumbiya-Kumbiya tana cikin yankin savanna na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, wanda ke da yanayi mai zafi da kuma ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci. A lokacin damina ana samun isasshen ruwan sama wanda ke taimakawa harkokin noma, yayin da lokacin rani ke da zafi mai tsanani.<ref name="climate">{{cite web |title=Climate of Gombe State |url=https://niamet.gov.ng |access-date=2026-04-28 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin mazauna Kumbiya-Kumbiya ya fi karkata ne kan noma da kiwo. Ana noma amfanin gona irin su gero, masara, dawa da wake, yayin da wasu ke kiwon shanu, tumaki da awaki. Haka kuma ana samun kananan sana’o’i kamar kasuwanci da sana’ar hannu.<ref name="economy">{{cite journal |title=Rural Economy in Gombe State |year=2018 |journal=Nigerian Journal of Rural Development}}</ref> == Al'adu da Rayuwa == Mazauna yankin suna da al'adu masu karfi da suka hada da bukukuwan gargajiya, aure, da sauran al’amuran zamantakewa. Addinin Musulunci shi ne mafi rinjaye, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara rayuwar yau da kullum ta al'umma.<ref name="culture">{{cite book |title=Culture and Traditions in Northern Nigeria |year=2012 |publisher=University Press}}</ref> == Ilimi == Akwai makarantu na firamare da sakandare a yankin, duk da cewa wasu dalibai na zuwa garuruwan makwabta domin samun karin ilimi. Gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kokarin inganta harkar ilimi a yankin.<ref name="education">{{cite web |title=Education in Gombe State |url=https://gombestate.gov.ng/education |access-date=2026-04-28}}</ref> == Sufuri == Ana amfani da hanyoyin mota na zamani wajen zirga-zirga zuwa Kumbiya-Kumbiya. Babura da kananan motoci su ne mafi yawan hanyoyin sufuri da ake amfani da su a cikin unguwar da kewaye.<ref name="transport">{{cite journal |title=Transportation in Rural Nigeria |year=2019 |journal=African Transport Review}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category:Unguwanni a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Jihar Gombe]] sodv406tzbcg3mus1idlf8pdzzjl767 0 148786 841223 828283 2026-05-28T08:31:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' tana wakiltar Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin wanda suka fafata a gasar Southern Conference (SoCon). Manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer ne suka jagoranci Tar Heels a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da rashin nasara biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |archive-date=2022-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708154211/https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tc9admdh2wgto5bybskdj96esue01nz 0 148942 840623 829070 2026-05-28T00:13:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kharob''' ( Arabic ) wani abin sha ne na gargajiya da ake sha a [[Misra|Masar]] da Levant, musamman a watan Ramadan . An yi shi ne da 'ya'yan itacen carob, ana bikin wannan abin sha saboda ɗanɗanon sa na halitta mai daɗi, mai kama da cakulan da kuma fa'idodin da ake da su a fannin lafiya. <ref name="tasteofbeirut">{{Cite web |title=Carob Juice |url=https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Taste of Beirut |archive-date=January 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116105241/https://www.tasteofbeirut.com/carob-juice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa an sha wannan abin sha a [[Tsohuwar Masar|zamanin da]], kuma ana amfani da carob a matsayin mai zaki a wasu abubuwan sha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From Staples to Luxuries |url=https://rawi-publishing.com/articles/from-staples-to-luxuries?lang=en |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Rawi Publishing}}</ref> == Shiri == A ƙasar Masar, ana shirya kharob ta hanyar wankewa da kuma raba ƙananan ƙwayoyin carob zuwa ƙananan guda. Sannan ana gasa waɗannan guntun har sai sun fitar da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. A cikin tukunya daban, ana ƙara sukari a kan wuta mai zafi har sai ya kai launin ruwan zinari. Ana ƙara guntun carob da aka gasa a cikin sukari mai caramelized, sannan a ci gaba da jujjuyawar haɗin. Ana ƙara ruwa a hankali, yana tabbatar da cewa sukari ya narke gaba ɗaya. Ana tafasa haɗin sannan a bar shi ya dahu na ɗan lokaci. Bayan ya huce zuwa zafin ɗaki, ana sanya shi a firiji na tsawon awanni da yawa. Da zarar ya huce, ana tace haɗin don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da abin sha mai santsi da wartsakewa. [1] A madadin haka, idan babu cikakken carob pods, ana amfani da carob molasses a Lebanon. Ta hanyar narkar da cokali ɗaya na carob molasses a cikin ruwa da kuma ƙara cokali ɗaya na sukari mai launin ruwan kasa, ana iya shirya sigar abin sha mai sauri da daɗi. <ref name="tasteofbeirut"/> Ba wai kawai ana daraja Kharob saboda ɗanɗanonsa ba, har ma da kaddarorinsa na gina jiki. Ya ƙunshi zare, antioxidants, kuma ba shi da caffeine, yana aiki azaman madadin lafiya ga sauran abubuwan sha masu sukari. Zaƙinsa na halitta da fa'idodinsa na lafiya sun sa ya zama abin sha'awa a Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carob (Locust Bean) Drink |url=https://egyptian-cuisine-recipes.com/recipes/beverages/carob-locust-bean-drink-kharroob.html |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Egyptian Cuisine Recipes}}</ref> == Manazarta == nmmhbclifeggg24t9vxqvh8lhoq3vzg 0 149161 840479 829732 2026-05-27T14:04:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''João Batista Donizete Dressler Burse''' (an haife shi 10 Yuni 1982) ƙwararren mai horar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|da ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Brazil kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Burse, [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya na tsakiya]], ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa a Brazil, da kuma na ɗan lokaci a Japan da Chile. == Sana'ar wasa == An haife shi a Estiva Gerbi, São Paulo, Burse ya kammala karatunsa na matasa a Mogi Mirim . An ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko a shekarar 1999, ya buga wa ƙungiyar wasa har zuwa 2002, <ref name="FI">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=Técnico deixa Sub-20 do Mogi para comandar o Vitória |trans-title=Manager leaves Mogi's under-20 to take over Vitória |url=https://www.futebolinterior.com.br/news/298495+Tecnico_deixa_Sub-20_do_Mogi_para_comandar_o_Vitoria |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=Futebol Interior |language=pt}}</ref> sannan ya wakilci Nagoya Grampus, Corinthians Alagoano, União Barbarense da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Universidad Católica . Ya yi ritaya yana da shekara 24 saboda mummunan rauni da ya samu a gidan yari . <ref name="UdF">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2013 |title=João Burse, técnico do Mogi Mirim sub-20 |trans-title=João Burse, manager of Mogi's under-20s |url=https://universidadedofutebol.com.br/joao-burse-tecnico-do-mogi-mirim-sub-20/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108224720/https://universidadedofutebol.com.br/joao-burse-tecnico-do-mogi-mirim-sub-20/ |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=Universidade do Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya yi ritaya, Burse ya koma kulob dinsa na farko Mogi Mirim a matsayin kocin motsa jiki na 'yan kasa da shekara 15. Daga baya aka nada shi babban kocin rukuni, sannan daga baya ya jagoranci 'yan kasa da shekara 20. <ref name="UdF"/> A ranar 29 ga Janairu 2014, an nada Burse a matsayin kocin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Vitória . <ref name="FI"/> A ranar 17 ga Satumba na shekara mai zuwa, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta Palmeiras . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2018 |title=João Burse é o novo treinador da equipe Sub-20 do Palmeiras |trans-title=João Burse is the new manager of the under-20 team of Palmeiras |url=http://www.palmeiras.com.br/noticias/id/36454 |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=SE Palmeiras |language=pt}}</ref> Bayan da ''Verdão'' ya kore shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Palmeiras demite João Burse, treinador da equipe sub-20 |trans-title=Palmeiras sack João Burse, manager of the under-20 team |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/palmeiras/noticia/palmeiras-demite-tecnico-joao-burse-da-equipe-sub-20.ghtml |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=[[Globo Esporte]] |language=pt}}</ref> Burse ya koma Vitória a ranar 20 ga Satumba ya kuma karɓi ragamar ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2017 |title=De volta à casa |trans-title=Back home |url=http://www.ecvitoria.com.br/de-volta-a-casa/ |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=EC Vitória |language=pt |archive-date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108224705/http://www.ecvitoria.com.br/de-volta-a-casa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2018, shi ma yana kan gaba a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. A ranar 31 ga Yulin 2018, bayan korar Vágner Mancini, an nada Burse a matsayin kocin riƙo na babban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2018 |title=Confirmado como interino, João Burse quer mudar cara do Vitória na Série A |trans-title=Confirmed as interim, João Burse wants to change how Vitória look in the Série A |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/ba/futebol/times/vitoria/noticia/confirmado-como-interino-joao-burse-quer-mudar-cara-do-vitoria-na-serie-a.ghtml |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=pt}}</ref> Ya koma matsayinsa na baya a ranar 14 ga Agusta, bayan naɗa Paulo César Carpegiani . A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2018, an sake nada Burse a matsayin wanda zai jagoranci sauran wasanni shida na kakar wasa, inda ya maye gurbin Carpegiani da aka kora. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2018 |title=Comunicado oficial |trans-title=Official announcement |url=http://www.ecvitoria.com.br/comunicado-oficial-17/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108224724/http://www.ecvitoria.com.br/comunicado-oficial-17/ |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=8 November 2018 |publisher=EC Vitória |language=pt}}</ref> Bayan da kungiyar ta fadi daga gasar, ya koma matsayinsa na baya. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2019, an nada Burse a matsayin babban kocin Cianorte a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=João Burse deixa o comando do sub-23 do Vitória e vai treinar o Cianorte |trans-title=João Burse leaves the under-23 team of Vitória and will manage Cianorte |url=http://atarde.uol.com.br/esportes/vitoria/noticias/2101524-joao-burse-deixa-o-comando-do-sub23-e-vai-treinar-o-cianorte |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024224625/http://atarde.uol.com.br/esportes/vitoria/noticias/2101524-joao-burse-deixa-o-comando-do-sub23-e-vai-treinar-o-cianorte |archive-date=24 October 2019 |access-date=24 October 2019 |publisher=A Tarde |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar a ranar 22 ga Maris 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2022 |title=Cianorte-PR anuncia saída de técnico após 2 anos e meio |trans-title=Cianorte-PR announce the departure of manager after two-and-a-half years |url=https://www.futebolinterior.com.br/tecnico-joao-burse-deixa-o-cianorte/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |publisher=Futebol Interior |language=pt-BR}}</ref> sannan ya koma Vitória a ranar 19 ga Yuni, wanda yanzu aka naɗa shi kocin ƙungiya ta farko a ƙungiyar a Série C. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2022 |title=João Burse é o novo técnico do Vitória |trans-title=João Burse is the new manager of Vitória |url=https://www.correio24horas.com.br/noticia/nid/joao-burse-e-o-novo-tecnico-do-vitoria/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |publisher=Correio 24 Horas |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Burse ya jagoranci Vitória zuwa ga matsayi a gasar Série B ta 2022, amma an kore shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2023 bayan fara kakar wasa mara kyau. [1] A ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2023, an nada shi a matsayin kocin Tombense shi ma a matakin rukuni na biyu, [2] amma an kore shi a ranar 21 ga Agusta. [3] A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2023, an nada Burse a matsayin kocin Figueirense na kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2023 |title=Ex-Vitória e Tombense, João Burse será o novo técnico do Figueirense |trans-title=Formerly of Vitória and Tombense, João Burse will be the new head coach of Figueirense |url=https://ge.globo.com/sc/futebol/times/figueirense/noticia/2023/11/28/ex-vitoria-e-tombense-joao-burse-sera-o-novo-tecnico-do-figueirense.ghtml |access-date=28 November 2023 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar kulob din a ranar 30 ga Agusta na shekara mai zuwa, bayan an cire shi daga gasar Série C ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=João Burse não é mais técnico do Figueirense |trans-title=João Burse is no longer head coach of Figueirense |url=https://ge.globo.com/sc/futebol/times/figueirense/noticia/2024/08/30/joao-burse-nao-e-mais-tecnico-do-figueirense.ghtml |access-date=21 October 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kuma ya karbi ragamar kungiyar Botafogo-PB a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2024 |title=Botafogo-PB anuncia João Burse como técnico do clube para 2025 |trans-title=Botafogo-PB announce João Burse as head coach of the club for 2025 |url=https://ge.globo.com/pb/futebol/times/botafogo-pb/noticia/2024/11/03/botafogo-pb-anuncia-joao-burse-como-tecnico-do-clube-para-2025.ghtml |access-date=4 November 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> ''Belo'' ya kori Burse a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2025, bayan ya rasa Campeonato Paraibano zuwa Sousa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Botafogo-PB demite João Burse após o vice do Campeonato Paraibano 2025 |trans-title=Botafogo-PB sack João Burse after second place in the 2025 Campeonato Paraibano |url=https://ge.globo.com/pb/futebol/times/botafogo-pb/noticia/2025/04/02/botafogo-pb-demite-joao-burse-apos-o-vice-do-campeonato-paraibano-2025.ghtml |access-date=7 April 2025 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Em maio de 2025, o treinador acerta com o Porto Vitória para o resto da temporada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-20 |title=Porto Vitória acerta com técnico João Burse, ex-Botafogo-PB e Vitória-BA |url=https://ge.globo.com/es/futebol/times/porto-vitoria/noticia/2025/05/20/porto-vitoria-acerta-com-tecnico-joao-burse-ex-botafogo-pb-e-vitoria-ba.ghtml |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=ge |language=pt-br}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 99fzsjs3selzyc460xhil7v92blhoz8 0 149970 840549 832567 2026-05-27T19:33:34Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291593493|Dahiru Sadi]]" 840549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dahiru Sadi''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1963) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] gjti4a2dv69q8y53khbgxayqsbukibl 840550 840549 2026-05-27T19:34:16Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291593493|Dahiru Sadi]]" 840550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dahiru Sadi''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1963) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Dahiru Sadi Olympic Results". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] ok8vtlqmeyr9fcky2ys0fiqjv3bg6ss 840551 840550 2026-05-27T19:34:34Z Sardeeq 39275 840551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dahiru Sadi''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1963) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Dahiru Sadi Olympic Results". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] 1ysrqzwizfnyfe0lkehtd5edw2ldjyu 0 150047 840463 837187 2026-05-27T13:09:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joshua Oghene-Ochuko Akpudje''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Yuli 1998) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] na Newroz SC . <ref>{{Soccerway|joshua-oghene-ochukwu-akpudje/656000}}</ref> == Farkon aikina == An haifi Akpudje a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne da Femmak Football Academy tun daga makarantar sakandare kafin ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru ta Najeriya MFM kafin kakar wasa ta ƙarshe ta 2019. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 3 ga Maris 2020, Akpudje ya kammala canja wuri zuwa kulob din BFC Daugavpils na Latvia <ref>{{Cite web |last=Umeh |first=Azu |date=2020-03-03 |title=MFM FC Defender Joshua Akpudje Seals Move To Latvian Side |url=https://www.busybuddiesng.com/mfm-fc-defender-joshua-akpudje-seals-move-to-latvian-side/ |access-date=2020-04-09 |website=The Busy Buddies |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921150457/https://www.busybuddiesng.com/mfm-fc-defender-joshua-akpudje-seals-move-to-latvian-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Latvia, Akpudje ya koma ƙungiyar [[FK Panevėžys]] ta Lithuania <ref>{{Cite web |title="Panevėžyje" – nuomos pagrindais atvykstantis gynėjas iš Nigerijos |url=https://www.15min.lt/sportas/naujiena/futbolas/panevezyje-nuomos-pagrindais-atvykstantis-gynejas-is-nigerijos-24-1644430 |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=15min.lt/sportas |language=lt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Panevėžys" sustiprino gynybos grandį |url=https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/450614/panevezys-sustiprino-gynybos-grandi |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=sportas.lt |language=lt}}</ref> a matsayin aro a watan Fabrairun 2022. A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2024, Akpudje ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓin na uku, tare da Dinamo Tbilisi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2024 |title=დინამომ ორი ფეხბურთელი დაიმატა |url=https://fcdinamo.ge/ge/news?n=104862&i= |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=fcdinamo.ge |publisher=FC Dinamo Tbilisi |language=Georgian}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Yuli 2024, ya koma Finland bayan ya sanya hannu da Ilves a Veikkausliiga . Ya bar kulob din bayan kakar wasa, inda Ilves ya kare a matsayi na 2 a gasar. A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2025, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tajikistan Higher League , Istiklol, ta sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da Akpudje. [1] A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2025, Istiklol ta sanar da ficewar Akpudje ta hanyar amincewar juna. [2] A ranar 22 ga Yuli, Akpudje ya koma Finland kuma ya sanya hannu da kulob din Veikkausliiga KTP har zuwa sauran kakar wasa ta 2025. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Akpudje ya fara buga wa tawagar Najeriya 'yan kasa da shekara 23 wasa a watan Maris na 2019 da Libya a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka na 'yan kasa da shekara 23. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 8dfyml898vciyv4fyw7f9gottjrgjg5 0 150346 840610 833590 2026-05-27T23:12:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenyi Fernando Adachi García''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Mexico wanda a halin yanzu ke buga wa Real Burgos CF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-11 |title=Mediotiempo |url=http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/2017/08/11/otro-mexicano-en-espana-adachi-jugara-en-tercera-division |access-date=2017-08-11 |website=Mediotiempo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexico - K. Adachi - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/kenyi-adachi-garcia/210865/}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga asalin [[Japan|Jafananci]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenyi Adachi nuevo refuerzo del Atlético – Pulso Diario de San Luis |url=http://pulsoslp.com.mx/2013/06/15/kenyi-adachi-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico/ |access-date=2018-12-09 |website=pulsoslp.com.mx |archive-date=2018-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210015914/http://pulsoslp.com.mx/2013/06/15/kenyi-adachi-nuevo-refuerzo-del-atletico/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] ez9t2ndwc5cgesbzbn7woc8u9tdpj2a 0 150513 840609 834058 2026-05-27T23:10:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vaitiare Kenti Robles Salas''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 1991), wacce aka fi sani da '''Kenti Robles''', ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Mexico wacce ke taka leda a matsayin ' [[Mai buga baya|yar wasan baya ta dama]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta La Liga MX Pachuca da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Mexico . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2015 |title=Kenti Robles, la primera mexicana en el Atlético de Madrid femenil/ R Plascencia |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCvv_v-MyPs |access-date=9 September 2016 |publisher=Adrenalina Excelsior TV}}</ref> Tana kuma da 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2017 |title=7 curiosidades de Kenti Robles |url=http://visualsports.com.mx/?p=36121 |language=es |access-date=11 May 2026 |archive-date=23 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223040235/http://visualsports.com.mx/?p=36121 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Robles tana wasa a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] tun tana 'yar shekara 14, inda ta girma a ƙungiyar matasa ta Espanyol . A shekarar 2009, an ƙara mata matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko, kuma a wannan kakar ta lashe kofinta na farko, Copa de la Reina . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2015 |title=Kenti Robles, la futbolista mexicana del Atlético de Madrid |url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/adrenalina/2015/09/01/1043283 |access-date=9 September 2016 |publisher=Excelsior}}</ref> Bayan ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2011 tare da Mexico, ta koma ƙungiyar Barcelona ta gida inda ta buga gasar zakarun mata ta UEFA kuma ta taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta lashe kofuna uku na gasar daga 2011 zuwa 2014. A watan Agusta na 2014, ta sake shiga Espanyol. A shekarar 2015, ta koma Atlético de Madrid, inda ta yi wasa na tsawon shekaru 5, inda ta sami kofuna uku na La Liga da Copa de la Reina. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Jessica |date=17 July 2015 |title=Futbolista Mexicana Kenti Robles Signs With Atlético de Madrid |url=http://remezcla.com/sports/futbolista-mexicana-kenti-robles-signs-with-atletico-de-madrid/ |access-date=10 September 2016 |publisher=Remezcla}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2020, ta koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyarta ta birni Real Madrid, wacce ta buga wasa a shekarar da ta gabata a matsayin CD Tacón. Wannan ya sa Robles ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Mexico da ta buga wa Real Madrid wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2026 |title=Kenti Robles, the first Mexican woman at Real Madrid |url=https://aldianews.com/en/culture/heritage-and-history/real-madrid-history |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Al Día News}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an naɗa Robles a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ta Real Madrid. An kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin gyara ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Mexico bayan wani babban sake fasalin shugabanci da Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mexico ta yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenti Robles |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/robles-and-real-madrid-to-go-above-and-beyond-in-europe/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=Concacaf}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hernandez |first=Cesar |date=13 July 2022 |title=Mexico federation to restructure national teams after firing Torrado, Hierro, Perez and Vergara |url=https://www.tsn.ca/mexico-federation-to-restructure-national-teams-after-firing-torrado-hierro-perez-and-vergara-19.35621 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=TSN}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ta koma Mexico don bugawa Pachuca Feminil wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenti Robles jugará en Pachuca tras su paso por Europa |url=https://www.tudn.com/futbol-femenino/liga-mx-femenil/kenti-robles-jugara-en-pachuca-tras-su-paso-por-europa-video |access-date=2026-05-01 |publisher=TUDN |language=es}}</ref> === Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa === Robles ta fara bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Mexico a shekarar 2010. Ta fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Mexico a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenti Robles: La líder que Pachuca necesitaba para soñar con el título |url=https://www.estadiodeportes.mx/futbol/Kenti-Robles-La-lider-que-Pachuca-necesitaba-para-sonar-con-el-titulo-20250511-0083.html |access-date=2026-05-01 |publisher=Estadio |language=es}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kafin Robles ya zauna a Spain, ya zauna a [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ayuda Kenti dentro y fuera del campo |url=https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=21873&md5=0f1ccd6c82350133b888105c68e8560a&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta asali 'yar ƙasar [[Peru|Peru ce]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kenti Robles |date=10 January 2012 |title=Mi experiencia |trans-title=My experience |url=http://vaitiarekentiroblessalas.blogspot.com/2012/01/mi-experiencia.html |access-date=16 May 2019 |publisher=Interculturalidad e Inmigración |language=es |quote=I had been to Peru, since that's where my mother is from, but, being so young, I do not remember very well.}}</ref> == Daraja == ; Barcelona [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] ==manazarta== 1wdxxpzzpc9gxxbgl8t1ks9eoibxmkm 0 150833 840644 834806 2026-05-28T02:58:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kjell Scherpen''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Janairu 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] a ƙungiyar Royale Union Saint-Gilloise ta ƙasar Belgium . == Aikin kulob == === FC Emmen === Scherpen ya fara babban aikinsa tare da FC Emmen a cikin kakar 2016-17 . <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|kjell-scherpen/461386|accessdate=2 May 2018}}</ref> === Ajax === [[Fayil:Kjell_Scherpen_(Ajax_Amsterdam).jpg|thumb|308x308px|Scherpen a shekarar 2019 tare da Ajax .]] A watan Afrilun 2019 aka sanar da cewa Scherpen zai sanya hannu a Ajax a watan Yunin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Kjell Scherpen (FC Emmen) rejoindra l'Ajax Amsterdam cet été |url=https://www.mercato365.com/kjell-scherpen-fc-emmen-rejoindra-lajax-amsterdam-cet-ete-9073255.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |language=fr}}</ref> 'Bidiyon sa hannu' da ya yi ya nuna cewa ya rubuta kalmomin "Ajax is de mooiste club van Nederland" (Ajax ita ce mafi kyawun kulob a Netherlands) sau 1,000, domin ya kasance mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar Feyenoord tun yana ƙarami. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2019 |title=Ajax transfer news, Kjell Scherpen writing 1000 lines, Edwin van der Sar, Marc Overmars |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/ajax-make-new-signing-kjell-scherpen-write-1000-lines-praising-the-club/news-story/1afb54ef6891d34b2c32d354667bf6c0 |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> Scherpen ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan Ajax a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2021, yayin da ɗan wasan farko Maarten Stekelenburg ya ji rauni jim kaɗan kafin fara wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Verslag {{!}} Moeizame zege in Friesland |url=https://www.ajax.nl/artikelen/verslag-moeizame-zege-in-friesland/ |access-date=5 April 2021 |website=AFC Ajax |language=nl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=AFCAjax|title=We are forced into an substitution, as an injury to Stekelenburg sees him replaced by Scherpen. #heeaja https://t.co/Fdd8ewIlxw|access-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404143807/https://twitter.com/AFCAjax/status/1378718424302546945|archive-date=4 April 2021}}</ref> === Brighton & Hove Albion === An danganta Scherpen da komawa aro zuwa ƙungiyar Eredivisie [[PEC Zwolle]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Doelman Kjell Scherpen op huurbasis naar PEC Zwolle |url=https://www.rtvdrenthe.nl/nieuws/170218/Doelman-Kjell-Scherpen-op-huurbasis-naar-PEC-Zwolle |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=RTV Drenthe |language=NL}}</ref> amma a ranar 16 ga Yuli 2021, ya sanya hannu kan kulob ɗin [[Premier League]] na [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] na dindindin kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazlewood |first=Paul |date=16 July 2021 |title=Albion sign keeper Kjell |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/2191398/albion-sign-keeper-kjell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716201600/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/2191398/albion-sign-keeper-kjell |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=Brighton & Hove Albion}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2021 |title=Ajax goalkeeper Scherpen joins Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/57870550 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 8 ga Janairu 2022, a wasan da suka yi da West Bromwich Albion a waje da ci 2-1 (bayan ƙarin lokaci) a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2022 |title=West Bromwich Albion 1–2 Brighton & Hove Albion: Neal Maupay hits extra-time winner |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59911369 |access-date=8 January 2022 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, Scherpen ya sanya hannu kan aro ga Oostende na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko ta ƙasar Belgium a rukunin A na tsawon sauran kakar wasa. Ya koma Vitesse a matsayin aro a watan Agustan 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2022 |title=Brighton goalkeeper Kjell Scherpen joins Vitesse Arnhem on season-long loan |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/vitesse-arnhem-brighton-netherlands-dutch-ajax-b2146134.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> [[Fayil:Kjell_Scherpen_pre_season_30_07_2022_32_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Scherpen tare da [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] a cikin 2022.]] A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2023, Scherpen ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da kulob din Sturm Graz na kwallon kafa ta Austrian Football Bundesliga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2023 |title=Kjell Scherpen joins Sturm Graz on loan |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/3571428/kjell-scherpen-joins-sturm-graz-on-loan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223100342/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/3571428/kjell-scherpen-joins-sturm-graz-on-loan/ |archive-date=23 February 2025 |access-date=12 July 2023 |publisher=Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2023, Scherpen ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila da kulob din har zuwa 2027. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2023 |title=Albion keeper signs new deal after season is ended by knee surgery |url=https://www.theargus.co.uk/sport/24011418.brighton-goalkeeper-kjell-scherpen-signs-deal-surgery/ |website=The Argus}}</ref> Ya koma Sturm Graz a matsayin aro a kakar wasa ta 2024-25. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2024 |title=Kjell Scherpen joins Sturm Graz on loan |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/4048639/kjell-scherpen-joins-sturm-graz-on-loan |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Brighton & Hove Albion |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708183623/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/news/4048639/kjell-scherpen-joins-sturm-graz-on-loan |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Royal Union Saint-Gilloise === A ranar 24 ga Yuli 2025, Scherpen ya sanya hannu a kulob din Royale Union Saint-Gilloise na Belgium Pro League kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2025 |title=Brighton news: Goalkeeper Kjell Scherpen signs for Union Saint-Gilloise |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cwykyx9kpdro |access-date=24 July 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bayan ya wakilci Netherlands a matakin matasa ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, [1] [2] Scherpen ya sami kiran farko zuwa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan Holland a watan Yunin 2022 don maye gurbin Tim Krul da ya ji rauni. [3] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 18, babban ɗan'uwansa Jorg (20) ya mutu bayan ya suma bayan bugun zuciya kwatsam. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2019 |title=Broer (20) van FC Emmen-doelman Scherpen overleden |url=https://www.ad.nl/nederlands-voetbal/broer-20-van-fc-emmen-doelman-scherpen-overleden~a50ae878/ |website=Algemeen Dagblad |language=nl}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 14 March 2026}}<ref name="SW"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[KNVB Cup]], [[FA Cup]], [[Austrian Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |FC Emmen |2017–18 |Eerste Divisie |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |2018–19 |Eredivisie |34 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |35 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !35 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !36 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Jong Ajax |2019–20 |Eerste Divisie |14 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |2020–21 |Eerste Divisie |15 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !29 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !29 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Ajax |2019–20 |Eredivisie |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2020–21 |Eredivisie |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !2 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] |2021–22 |[[Premier League]] |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |2022–23 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2023–24 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2024–25 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 |- |Oostende (loan) |2021–22 |Belgian Pro League |7 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |0 |- |Vitesse (loan) |2022–23 |Eredivisie |26 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |0 |- |Sturm Graz (loan) |2023–24 |Austrian Bundesliga |16 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |8{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], six in UEFA Europa League}} |0 |27 |0 |- |Sturm Graz (loan) |2024–25 |Austrian Bundesliga |30 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}} |0 |40 |0 |- |Union Saint-Gilloise |2025–26 |Belgian Pro League |22 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |8[e] |0 |32 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !167 !0 !12 !0 !0 !0 !23 !0 !202 !0 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pdkmb90fg0je70hyxxa45b0j3d8bwwo 0 151048 840482 835602 2026-05-27T14:54:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juliana Modesta Auma | image = Auma, Juliana Modest.jpg | birth_date = 14 October 1964 | citizenship = Ugandan | occupation = Politician | known_for = Politics | party = National Resistance Movement }} '''Juliana Modesta Auma''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1964) 'Yar siyasa ce daga Uganda. Ta kasance ‘Yar Majalisar Dokoki a majalisa ta tara ta Uganda, tana wakiltar Gundumar Abim a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement.(((Kotido Chief Magistrate Emmanuel Seiko with costs on grounds that Auma did not provide substantial == Tafiyar siyasa == Auma ta kasance memba na majalisa a majalisar dokoki ta tara ta Uganda . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Joshua |first=Walakira |date=23 December 2019 |title=PULKOL LEVELS OFF ABIM MP JULIANA AUMA MODESTA WITH SHS500M COURT BILL (SHE SOLD TO HIM FAKE LAND IN LUWERO) – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/pulkol-levels-off-abim-mp-juliana-auma-modesta-with-shs500m-court-bill-she-sold-to-him-fake-land-in-luwero/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127090130/https://mulengeranews.com/pulkol-levels-off-abim-mp-juliana-auma-modesta-with-shs500m-court-bill-she-sold-to-him-fake-land-in-luwero/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-07 |title=Members of 9th Parliament |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Fortune Of Africa - Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091530/http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kakaire |first=Sulaiman |title=Nankabirwa explains Kyankwanzi 'fight' |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/36448-nankabirwa-explains-kyankwanzi-fight |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EveryPolitician: Uganda - Parliament - 9th Parliament |url=https://everypolitician.org/uganda/parliament/term-table/9.html |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=EveryPolitician |archive-date=2022-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006082731/https://everypolitician.org/uganda/parliament/term-table/9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rasa kujerarta a majalisa tsakanin (2011-2016) wani bangare saboda an ruwaito cewa ta yi amfani da shekaru biyar na farko a matsayin memba na majalisa na farko don neman yarjejeniyar ƙasa maimakon yin doka ga masu jefa kuri'a.<ref name=":0" /> A lokacin babban zaben 2021, ta yi takara a matsayin dan majalisa mai zaman kanta amma ta sha kashi a hannun mai ɗaukar tutar NRM kuma mai ci, Janet Akech Okorimoe wanda ya samu kuri'u 7,705 kuma Auma ya samu kuriʼu 7,608.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Court Throws Out Vote Recount Application for Abim Woman MP Race |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/court-throws-out-vote-recount-application-for-abim-woman-mp-race- |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, Auma ta yi jayayya da sakamakon da ke zargin magudi na kuri'a kuma ta yi kira ga sake ƙidaya.<ref name=":1" /> Daga baya ta gabatar da takardar neman zabe wanda Babban Alkalin Kotido Emmanuel Seiko ya kore shi tare da farashi a kan dalilin cewa Auma bai samar da wata hujja ba.<ref name=":1" /> An lissafa ta a cikin mambobi 34 na majalisar dokokin Uganda waɗanda suka yi magana kasa da sau biyar, kuma 29 daga cikinsu na jam'iyyar siyasa ta NRM ce mai mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-22 |title=Silent MPs exposed |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/silent-mps-exposed-1546614 |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin majalisar dokokin Uganda ta tara * Iriama Rose == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] kdaurkz4j0f2e4g6jo98xbrjedcko75 0 151091 840459 835531 2026-05-27T12:29:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jordy Clasie''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1991) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya]] kuma kyaftin a ƙungiyar Eredivisie ta AZ . <ref>{{Cite web |last=SFC Media |title=Clasie joins AZ Alkmaar |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2019-07-22/announcement-jordy-clasie-southampton-az-alkmaar-transfer |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=Southamptonfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Clasie ta isa makarantar matasa ta Feyenoord Academy (Varkenoord) tana ɗan shekara 9 a lokacin bazara na 2000 kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa ƙungiyar Feyenoord / Excelsior U19. A lokacin bazara na 2010, matashin da aka haifa a Haarlem ya tafi aro zuwa Excelsior . <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Jordy Clasie |url=http://www.feyenoord.com/feyenoord-1/selection/jordy-clasie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143651/http://www.feyenoord.com/feyenoord-1/selection/jordy-clasie |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=15 July 2015 |website=Feyenoord}}</ref> Clasie ya fara buga wasa a Excelsior a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2010, lokacin da yake cikin 'yan wasan farko a wasan da Rotterdam derby ta doke Feyenoord (3-2). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> === Feyenoord === [[Fayil:Jordy_Clasie.jpg|left|thumb|280x280px|Clasie bayan wasan Feyenoord a 2012]] An shigar da Clasie cikin tawagar farko a Feyenoord a farkon kakar wasa ta 2011-12 kuma mai horaswa [[Ronald Koeman]] nan da nan ya ba matashin gurbi a cikin 'yan wasan farko. <ref name="Bio"/> A ranar 31 ga Yuli 2011, ya fara bugawa Feyenoord wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Málaga . Saboda kyawun wasansa da juriyarsa, nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi shahara a tsakanin magoya baya. A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2014, kwana ɗaya bayan da Clasie ya taimaka wa Feyenoord ta cancanci shiga matakin rukuni na gasar UEFA Europa League, Clasie ya amince ya tsawaita kwangilarsa har zuwa 2018. [1] Clasie ya bayyana shawarar da ya yanke cewa yana sha'awar haɓaka kansa a matsayin ɗan wasa a cikin ƙungiyar da kuma haɓaka tare da ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya. [1] === Southampton === [[Fayil:Jordy_Clasie_Southampton_FC_versus_FC_Augsburg_(35539450383)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Clasie da Southampton a shekarar 2017]] A ranar 15 ga Yulin 2015, Clasie ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da Southampton kan kudin da ya kai fam miliyan 8. Wannan yana nufin zai sake hadewa da [[Ronald Koeman]] wanda ya kawo shi cikin tawagar farko ta Feyenoord. A lokacin bazara na 2016, Claude Puel, ɗan ƙasar Faransa ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin Southampton. Daga nan Clasie ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2016, a wasan da suka doke [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] da ci 2-0 a gasar cin kofin EFL . Ƙirƙirar Clasie ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kaiwa ga wasan ƙarshe na gasar League Cup na 2017 inda Saints suka fito a matsayi na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2016 |title=Jordy Clause: Feature |url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/14964044.Jordy_Clasie_says_he_doesn_t_feel_like_an_established_Premier_League_player_yet_but_has_set_a_new_ambitious_target/?ref=rl&lp=3 |website=Daily Echo}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta daya tilo [[Premier League|a gasar Premier]] a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2017 a wasan da suka doke West Bromwich Albion da ci 1-0. === Club Brugge === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2017, Clasie ya koma Club Brugge a matsayin aro a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Clasie joins Club Brugge on loan |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2017-08-30/jordy-clasie-club-brugge-southampton-loan-announcement |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Southampton F.C.}}</ref> === Feyenoord === A ranar 25 ga Yulin 2018, dan wasan tsakiya ya koma Feyenoord a matsayin aro a kakar wasa ta 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Clasie completes Feyenoord loan switch |url=https://southamptonfc.com/news/2018-07-25/jordy-clasie-southampton-feyenoord-loan-announcementd |access-date=25 July 2018 |publisher=Southampton FC }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Ras-Feyenoorder Jordy Clasie keert terug in de Kuip |url=https://www.feyenoord.nl/nieuws/nieuwsoverzicht/ras-feyenoorder-jordy-clasie-keert-terug-in-de-kuip |access-date=25 July 2018 |publisher=Feyenoord |language=nl}}</ref> === AZ Alkmaar === A ranar 22 ga Yulin 2019, Clasie ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu ga AZ Alkmaar, wanda hakan ya bar Southampton a matsayin kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Clasie blij met contract: 'Ik wilde per se naar Nederland' |url=https://www.ad.nl/nederlands-voetbal/clasie-blij-met-contract-bij-az-ik-wilde-per-se-naar-nederland~a4ee4ae8/ |access-date=22 July 2019 |publisher=AD.nl |language=nl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Clasie joins AZ Alkmaar |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2019-07-22/announcement-jordy-clasie-southampton-az-alkmaar-transfer |access-date=22 July 2019 |publisher=Southampton}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A watan Nuwamba na 2010, watanni biyu bayan fara buga wa Excelsior wasa, an zaɓe shi cikin tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Netherlands . A watan Fabrairu na 2012, Bert van Marwijk, kocin ƙungiyar farko ta Netherlands, ya bayyana sha'awarsa ga Clasie. An sanar da shi cewa sunansa yana cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga gasar Euro 2012 . Clasie yana cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 da [[Louis van Gaal]] ya jagoranta a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 a Brazil inda Holland ta kare a matsayi na uku bayan ta doke Spain mai rike da kofin da kuma Brazil mai masaukin baki. Ya buga wasanni biyu a gasar, inda ya maye gurbin Nigel de Jong a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Argentina]] sannan ya fara wasan da ya zo na uku da masu masaukin baki wanda Holland ta lashe 3-0 cikin kwanciyar hankali. <ref name="WC">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2014 |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: Brazil-Netherlands |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255957/match=300186502/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707122322/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255957/match=300186502/index.html |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tcv4gjxz1z7tm1wu6tuu0c1ihpzda4a 0 151276 840573 836192 2026-05-27T20:32:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 840573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Akwa United lift the Nigeria Professional Football League trophy.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox organization | name = Nigeria Premier Football League | logo = | pixels = | country = Najeriya | confed = [[CAF]] | founded = 1972 | teams = 20 | level = 1 | relegation = [[Nigeria National League]] | domestic_cup = [[Federation Cup]] | confed_cup = [[CAF Champions League]]<br>[[CAF Confederation Cup]] | champions = | most_champs = [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba]] (sau 9) | tv = | website = | current = 2025–26 Nigeria Premier Football League }} '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' (NPFL) ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta matakin farko a ƙasar Najeriya. Ana gudanar da gasar ne ƙarƙashin kulawar [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF) tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanin gudanarwar liga. Gasar tana tattaro manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga sassa daban-daban na Najeriya domin fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npfl.ng|title=Official NPFL Website|publisher=Nigeria Premier Football League|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> An kafa gasar ta NPFL a shekarar 1972 bayan an fara shirya tsarin gasar ƙasa baki ɗaya domin bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Kafin wannan lokaci ana gudanar da gasar ne ta tsarin yankuna daban-daban. Bayan kafa gasar ta ƙasa, kungiyoyi daga jihohi daban-daban suka fara samun damar fafatawa a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nigchamp.html|title=Nigeria – List of Champions|publisher=RSSSF|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> NPFL ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan lig-lig na ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka saboda yawan magoya baya da kuma tasirin da take da shi wajen haɓaka matasan 'yan wasa. Yawancin fitattun 'yan wasan Najeriya sun fara taka leda a cikin wannan gasar kafin su koma Turai da sauran ƙasashe. Daga cikin waɗannan 'yan wasa akwai [[Nwankwo Kanu]], [[Austin Jay-Jay Okocha]], da [[Vincent Enyeama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com|title=CAF African Football Development Reports|publisher=CAF|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Gasar tana gudana ne bisa tsarin gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasa da sauran ƙungiyoyi sau biyu a kakar wasa guda. Ana bai wa ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan an yi canjaras, yayin da rashin nasara ba ya ba da maki. Ƙungiyoyin da suka fi samun maki a ƙarshen kakar wasa ne ke wakiltar Najeriya a gasannin nahiyar Afirka kamar [[CAF Champions League]] da [[CAF Confederation Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cafonline.com|title=CAF Interclub Competitions Regulations|publisher=CAF|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> A tsawon tarihi, ƙungiyar [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba]] ta kasance mafi nasara a gasar bayan lashe kofin liga sau da dama. Haka kuma ƙungiyoyi irin su [[Rangers International F.C.|Rangers International]], [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]], [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]], da [[Heartland F.C.|Heartland]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka martabar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com|title=Nigeria Premier League Historical Clubs|publisher=Transfermarkt|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> NPFL ta fuskanci ƙalubale iri-iri tsawon shekaru, ciki har da matsalar kuɗi, rashin ingantattun filayen wasa, da kuma matsalolin gudanarwa. Duk da haka, hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya sun ci gaba da ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin gudanarwa, samar da tallafi daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da kuma inganta watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin domin ƙara darajar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng|title=NPFL reforms and television rights|publisher=TheCable|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarun baya-bayan nan, an samu ƙoƙari wajen mayar da gasar zuwa tsarin ƙwararru kamar yadda ake samu a manyan lig-lig na duniya. An ƙarfafa amfani da fasahar zamani wajen rajistar 'yan wasa, gudanar da alkalanci, da kuma tallata wasanni ta kafafen sada zumunta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/sport|title=Efforts to professionalise NPFL|publisher=The Guardian Nigeria|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya suna nuna matuƙar sha'awa ga gasar NPFL, musamman a jihohin da ke da manyan ƙungiyoyi masu tarihi. Wasannin hamayya tsakanin ƙungiyoyi kamar Kano Pillars da Rangers International ko Enyimba da Heartland suna jawo dubban magoya baya zuwa filayen wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com|title=NPFL rivalries and fan culture|publisher=Punch Newspapers|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Tsarin gasar == A halin yanzu gasar NPFL tana da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ƙungiyoyi uku mafi ƙarancin maki suna komawa mataki na biyu wato [[Nigeria National League]], yayin da manyan ƙungiyoyi daga mataki na biyu ke samun gurbin hawa zuwa NPFL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npfl.ng|title=NPFL Competition Format|publisher=Nigeria Premier Football League|access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Fitattun ƙungiyoyi == * [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba]] * [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] * [[Rangers International F.C.|Rangers International]] * [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] * [[Heartland F.C.|Heartland]] * [[Bendel Insurance F.C.|Bendel Insurance]] == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Nigeria National League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football leagues in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports competitions in Nigeria]] [[Category:Nigeria Premier Football League]] p0l551rih6idk7zt5234zcag37np5cb 0 151428 840615 836684 2026-05-27T23:27:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kevin Onyekachi Amuneke''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1986) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa na ƙwararru a Turai, musamman a Portugal da Sweden. == Aikin kulob == An haifi Amuneke a Eziobodo . Bayan ya fara wasa a Benfica da Porto, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasa kawai a matakin farko da kuma matasa da kuma 'yan wasa a matakin na biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2000 |title=Irmão de Amunike brilha nas camadas jovens do Benfica |trans-title=Amunike brother shines in Benfica's youth system |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/Benfica/interior.aspx?content_id=25779 |access-date=10 February 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2006 |title=Amuneke: "Tentarei chegar ao nível do meu irmão" |trans-title=Amuneke: "I will try to reach the level of my brother" |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=283518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210222942/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=283518 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a Sweden tare da Landskrona BoIS (inda ya buga wasa tare da ɗan'uwansa Kingsley ) kuma, bayan shekaru biyu, ya koma Portugal, inda ya buga wa Vitória de Setúbal wasa a gasar Primeira Liga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2006 |title=Três ainda à espera de certificação |trans-title=Three still waiting for certificate |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=280949 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210213625/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=280949 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2007, bayan ya soke kwantiraginsa shi kaɗai, Amuneke ya amince ya koma CSKA Sofia a Bulgaria kan kusan € 400,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2007 |title=Amuneke no CSKA de Sófia à revelia dos sadinos |trans-title=Amuneke in CSKA Sofia without the ''sadinos'' consent |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=308582 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210213547/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/vitoria_setubal/interior.aspx?content_id=308582 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya koma Sweden a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar don bugawa IFK Norrköping wasa a matakin farko - an ruwaito kuɗin canja wurin a wannan karon a matsayin €300,000. Bayan ɗan lokaci a Romania da Politehnica Timişoara, Amuneke ya koma Portugal, inda ya sanya hannu da Madeira 's Nacional a farkon watan Yulin 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2009 |title=Amuneke vai ser reforço |trans-title=Amuneke will be an addition |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/Nacional/interior.aspx?content_id=402469 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210213715/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/Nacional/interior.aspx?content_id=402469 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> Ba tare da an yi amfani da shi ba kwata-kwata a farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11, <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2010 |title=Amuneke está por colocar |trans-title=Amuneke awaits relocation |url=http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/Nacional/interior.aspx?content_id=449105 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210213719/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/1a_liga/Nacional/interior.aspx?content_id=449105 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> ƙungiyar ta sake shi, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa tare da Öster a Superettan . Amuneke ba kasafai yake samun damar zama a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ba, inda ya wakilci Trelleborg (Sweden), Tondela (Portugal), Sloboda Užice (Serbia) da IS Halmia (Sweden). A ranar 21 ga Disamba 2016, bayan ya yi aiki a Ballynure Old Boys na Ballymena &amp;amp; Provincial Football League, ya koma NIFL Premiership bayan ya amince da kwangilar ɗan gajeren lokaci a Linfield . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Amuneke ya lashe wasanni biyu a Najeriya, duka a lokacin wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2006, inda ya buga wasa da Rwanda da Angola a watan Yunin 2005. [1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Manyan 'yan'uwan Amuneke, [[Emmanuel Amunike|Emmanuel]] da Kingsley, suma 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Tsohon [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]], ya buga wasa da wasu a Sporting CP da [[FC Barcelona]], kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. == Daraja == '''CSKA Sofia''' * Gasar Farko ta Bulgaria : 2007–08 <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|11807}}</ref> '''Linfield''' * Gasar Arewacin Ireland : 2016–17 <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|11807}}</ref> * Kofin Ireland : 2016–17 <ref name="nft" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 8zldm74tujhp7ich566jmx1y96s0hcq 0 151495 840460 836922 2026-05-27T12:45:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Enakarhire''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya. Zai iya buga wasa a matsayin ko dai a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] ko kuma a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya na tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a [[Warri]], Enakarhire ya burge shi tun yana ƙarami a Standard Liège kafin ya koma Sporting Clube de Portugal a 2004–05, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama ɗan wasa na farko. Duk da haka, bayan kakar wasa ɗaya kacal, an sayar da shi ga manyan 'yan wasan Rasha Dynamo Moscow . Ba tare da an warware matsalar ba, an ba Enakarhire aro, a watan Agustan 2006, ga ƙungiyar Bordeaux [[Ligue 1|ta Ligue 1]], yayin da wani tsohon mai tsaron baya na Sporting, Beto, ya tafi Recreativo de Huelva a matsayin aro. An yi amfani da shi sosai a lokacin kamfen ɗin <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2017 |title=Balakov, Barbosa, err... Hanuch e Ghilas: as melhores contratações da história, enfim, recente do Sporting (por Rogério Casanova) |trans-title=Balakov, Barbosa, ehem... Hanuch and Ghilas: the best signings in Sporting's, let's say, recent history (by Rogério Casanova) |url=http://tribunaexpresso.pt/rogerio-casanova/2017-07-18-Balakov-Barbosa-err.-Hanuch-e-Ghilas-as-melhores-contratacoes-da-historia-enfim-recente-do-Sporting--por-Rogerio-Casanova- |access-date=21 September 2017 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> kuma bayan da Faransa ta yanke shawarar kin amincewa da shi har abada, ya koma Panathinaikos ta Girka a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2007 |script-title=ru:Энакархире стал игроком "Панатинаикоса" |trans-title=Enakarhire became a Panathinaikos player |url=http://news.sport-express.ru/2007-07-31/196999/ |access-date=20 September 2009 |publisher=Sport Express |language=Russian }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2009, Enakarhire ya yi shari'ar da ba ta yi nasara ba da Metz . A shekara mai zuwa, ya gamu da irin wannan hukunci a Odense Boldklub da Energie Cottbus . A ƙarshen watan Yunin 2012, bayan shekaru huɗu daga barin ƙwallon ƙafa, La Fiorita ta ɗauki Enakarhire don haɓaka kakar wasa ta farko ta ƙungiyar [[San Marino|Sammarinese]] a gasar UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2012 |title=Mancano solo i dettagli burocratici, Joseph Enakarhire sarà il rinforzo per l'Europa League |trans-title=Bureaucratic details notwithstanding, Joseph Enakarhire will be reinforcement for the Europa League |url=http://www.lafiorita.sm/2012/06/21/mancano-solo-i-dettagli-burocratici-joseph-enakarhire-sara-il-rinforzo-per-leuropa-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418053220/http://www.lafiorita.sm/2012/06/21/mancano-solo-i-dettagli-burocratici-joseph-enakarhire-sara-il-rinforzo-per-leuropa-league/ |archive-date=18 April 2015 |access-date=3 July 2012 |publisher=S.P. La Fiorita |language=Italian}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekarar da ta biyo baya ya sake canza ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe, ya koma ƙungiyar FC Daugava mai lashe gasar Latvia <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2013 |title=Apskats: Sešus miljonus vērts aizsargs un patriotiskā Liepāja (2.daļa) |trans-title=Review: Six million defender and patriotic Liepāja (part 2) |url=http://sportacentrs.com/futbols/virsliga/29032013-apskats_sesus_miljonus_verts_nigerietis_u?is_mobile=0 |access-date=6 May 2013 |publisher=Sporta Centrs |language=Latvian}}</ref> amma aka sake shi bayan watanni huɗu kacal. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Tun daga shekarar 2003, Enakarhire ya buga wa Super Eagles wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2004 da 2006. Ya kasance wanda ya fara wasa a gasar a karo na biyu, inda kasar ta kare a matsayi na uku, inda aka ci mata kwallaye uku kacal. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 0xlsv1api4l3n2rjxij8mmztprifm9e 0 151611 840645 837404 2026-05-28T03:20:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kodjovi Dadzié''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Togo wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na hagu]] a ƙungiyar Akwa United da kuma [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Togo]] . == Aikin kulob == Dadzié ya koma Akwa United da ke Uyo a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2016 kuma ya lashe kofin gida na Najeriya, Aiteo Cup, tare da kulob din a shekarar 2017. Ya buga dukkan tsawon lokacin wasan karshe, da [[Niger Tornadoes F.C.|Tornadoes]] a [[Agege Stadium|filin wasa na Agege]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagoson]] 15 ga Oktoba 2017 - wanda Akwa United ta lashe 3-2 a bugun fenariti bayan mintuna 90 da suka kare babu kwallo. Dan wasan baya na hagu ya zura kwallo daya daga cikin bugun fenariti. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2017 |title=Akwa United win inaugural Aiteo Cup in Lagos |url=https://www.aclsports.com/akwa-united-win-inaugural-aiteo-cup-lagos/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |publisher=ACLSports.com}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa Akwa United ta kammala kakar NPFL ta 2016-17 a matsayi na hudu a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20. Dadzié ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ta Akwa United ta 2018, inda ya yi rawar gani a zagaye na farko, zagaye na biyu da suka fafata da Hawks FC ta [[Gambiya|Gambia]] a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2018. Kwallon da ya ci ta kai ga wani muhimmin ci na biyu wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar da suka samu da ci 2-0 - da kuma jimillar nasara 3-2 - a kan Hawks da kuma samun matsayi a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olisema double sends Akwa through |url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-confederation-cup/news/olisema-double-sends-akwa-through/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |publisher=CAFOnline.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2010, babban kocin Togo Thierry Froger ya zaɓi Dadzié, wanda a lokacin yana da shekaru 21, a cikin 'yan wasansa 23 da za su fafata da Tunisia a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2012 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AFCON 2012 Qualifiers: Togo Coach Thierry Froger Announces Squad For Tunisia Clash |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2010/10/07/2155312/afcon-2012-qualifiers-togo-coach-thierry-froger-announces/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Watanni bakwai bayan haka, Dadzié ya lashe gasar WAFU Nations Cup ta 2011 tare da Tchakala Tchanilé - wanda [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|Togo]] ta horar, inda kungiyarsa ta doke mai masaukin baki [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] da ci 3-2 a wasan karshe a filin wasa na MKO Abiola, [[Abeokuta]], a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2011. Ya buga wasanni hudu a gasar yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AFCON 2012 Qualifiers: Togo Coach Thierry Froger Announces Squad For Tunisia Clash |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/togo-stun-nigeria-to-win-wafu/530955/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |publisher=Kickoff.com}}</ref> Dadzié ya shiga jerin 'yan wasa 18 na Togo da suka kare kambun WAFU Cup da suka lashe a 2011 a gasar cin kofin kasashen Ghana ta WAFU, wadda aka gudanar daga 21 ga Nuwamba 2013 zuwa 28 ga Nuwamba 2013. Ya kammala gasar da lambar tagulla, bayan da Togo ta doke Nijar da ci 3-1 a wasan da ya zo na uku a filin wasa na Baba Yara a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Football : les 18 Togolais sélectionnés pour le tournoi de l'UFOA au Ghana |url=http://news.alome.com/h/7702.html/ |access-date=3 September 2020 |publisher=News.Alome.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dadzie yana cikin tawagar Togo da ta kasa kaiwa matakin knockout a Gasar UEMOA ta ECOWAS ta 2013 wadda Cotedivoire ta dauki nauyi tsakanin 27 ga Oktoba 2013 da 2 ga Nuwamba 2013. [1] Kocin Togo, Tom Saintfiet, ya kira shi zuwa babbar tawagar kasa a shekarar 2015, domin fafatawa da Uganda a Lome a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 25 da kuma Kampala a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2015, yayin da yake kan gaba a gasar Gomido FC . [2] [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 61lcnvnjtz29ycz3ot7bgr99t0fhf62 0 151826 841155 838355 2026-05-28T07:57:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 841155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Databox}} '''Kungiyar Masana'antar ATM''' ('''ATMIA'''), asalin Kungiyar Masu Gidan ATM, an kafa ta ne a cikin shekara ta 1997 a Amurka a matsayin Ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta duniya mai zaman kanta don ba da sabis ga masana'antar da ta gina a kusa da ci gaban ATM na duniya. == Tarihi == 'Sassauta kasuwannin bankunan dillalai a Amurka a shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, ya haifar da asarar ikon mallakar na'urorin ATM yayin da aka ba wa masu amfani da na'urorin ATM masu zaman kansu damar yin gasa wajen samar da damar samun kuɗi bayan sa'o'i. Ci gaban wannan kasuwa ya sa Tom Harper da Alan Fryrear suka kafa Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da na'urorin ATM (ATMOA) a ƙarshen 1997 ba tare da ma'aikata ba (sai Harper), babu kasafin kuɗi, kuma kaɗan ne daga cikin membobi. Taron farko na shirye-shiryen ATMOA ya gudana a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1998, a ƙarshen taron Faulkner & Gray Advanced ATM a San Diego, California.[3] Ƙungiyar ta zaɓi Lyle Elias a matsayin sabon shugaba, ta amince da kudirin canza sunansu zuwa Ƙungiyar Masana'antar ATM,[4] ta kafa kwamitoci da dama kuma ta ɗauki matakai don ƙaddamar da taron masana'antar tasu. A shekara ta 2000, Michael Lee ya shiga ATMIA a matsayin babban darakta na Turai kuma a shekara ta 2004, an nada shi babban jami'in zartarwa da memba na kwamitin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2004 |title=Mike Lee named CEO of ATMIA |url=https://www.kioskmarketplace.com/top-100/mike-lee-named-ceo-of-atmia-2/ |publisher=}}</ref> Ci gaban da ke kawo mahalarta masana'antu tare ya haifar da [[New York Times]] ta gano ATMIA a matsayin "babban ƙungiyar kasuwanci" a cikin masana'antar rarraba kuɗi ta duniya a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2003 |title=STEALING THE CODE: Con Men and Cash Machines; Criminals Focus on A.T.M.'s, Weak Link in Banking System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/03/us/stealing-code-con-men-cash-machines-criminals-focus-atm-s-weak-link-banking.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ATMIA tana da mambobi sama da 8,000 a cikin ƙasashe 66.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership Composition |url=https://www.atmia.com/about-us/membership-composition/ |publisher=}}</ref> Tushen membobin sun haɗa da bankunan da sauran cibiyoyin ajiya, IADs, kamfanonin [[katin biyan kuɗi]], kamfanonin cibiyar sadarwa, kamfanonin ƙirar ATM da masana'antu, da sauran masu ba da sabis masu alaƙa. == Tasirin == [[Fayil:ATMworldwide.png|thumb|Hoton hukuma na Duniya don ATM, 2001 (an yi rajista a matsayin alamar jama'a ta duniya a 2008) ]] ATMIA tana ba da dandalin tattaunawa don batutuwan da suka shafi tsakanin membobin. Wadannan sun hada da batutuwan fasaha kamar daidaita tallafin duniya na tsarin aiki, <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2015 |title=The ATM Industry Association is skipping Windows 8 for Windows 10 |url=https://mspoweruser.com/the-atm-industry-association-is-skipping-to-windows-10/ |publisher=Microsoft News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2015 |title=ATMIA recommends migration to Windows 10 as the new ATM OS |url=http://news.thewindowsclub.com/atmia-recommends-migration-windows-10-new-atm-os-78527/ |publisher=TWCN Tech News}}</ref> inganta takamaiman kayan aikin sadarwar masana'antu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title=ATM Association Promotes Networking with Online Tool |url=http://associationsnow.com/2016/03/atm-association-promotes-networking-online-tool/ |publisher=Association News}}</ref> ba da shawara kan tsaro na ma'amaloli, <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Malware and skimmers, explosions and hammers: How attackers go after ATMs |url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/02/malware-and-skimmers-explosions-and-hammers-how-attackers-go-after-atms/ |publisher=ARS Technica}}</ref> saita ka'idoji na yau da kullun don ba da dama ga mutanen da ke da nakasa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2014 |title=ATMIA publishes new ATM interface recommendations |url=http://www.paymenteye.com/2014/08/14/atmia-publishes-new-atm-interface-recommendations/ |publisher=PaymentEye}}</ref> da kuma makomar ATM. [4]<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2012 |title=European ATM Conference & the Cashless Society |url=https://www.lightbluetouchpaper.org/2012/06/12/european-atm-conference-the-cashless-society/ |publisher=Light Blue Touch Paper (Security Research, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge)}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya inganta ma'auni na duniya don tsaro na ATM <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2013 |title=Security Standards Council PIN Transaction Point Interaction |url=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/PCI_ATM_Security_Guidelines_Info_Supplement.pdf |publisher=Security Standard Council}}</ref> tare da haɗin gwiwar Accenture, sabis na ATM na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 11, 2011 |title=ATMIA Software Governance Checklist now available in Russian |url=http://www.safensoft.com/security.phtml?c=772&id=1723 |publisher=SafenSoft}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Value Partners |date=November 5, 2014 |title=ATM Benchmarking Study 2014 and Industry Report |url=http://www.slideshare.net/ValuePartners/atm-benchmarking-study-2014-and-industry-report |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PDF |url=https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-10/Accenture-Banking-ATM-Benchmarking-2016.pdf |publisher=}}</ref> Yana da alhakin tsara alamar "ATM a nan" a duniya, bisa ga gasar kasa da kasa da Andy Kitt ya lashe, tsohon Kamfanin NCR. "Official Global Pictogram for the ATM", an yi rajista a matsayin alamar jama'a ta duniya a 2008 (ISO 7001:PI CF 005). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global ATM Pictogram - NSA - Field Service Solutions |url=http://www.nsa.bz/atm_pictogram.php |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 7001 |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:grs:7001:PI_CF_005 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=iso.org}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da James Shepherd-Barron <ref>{{Cite web |title=James Shepherd-Barron - Disaster Risk Management - Coordination and Information Management |url=https://james.shepherd-barron.com |website=james.shepherd-barron.com}}</ref> a kokarin jin kai don sauƙaƙe samar da tsabar kudi da kuma fadada amfani da ATMs na hannu ga wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i da rikice-rikicen siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2016 |title=ATMIA initiative aims to ensure cash access for disaster victims |url=https://www.atmmarketplace.com/blogs/atmia-initiative-aims-to-ensure-cash-access-for-disaster-victims/ |publisher=}}</ref> Membobin ATMIA da daraktoci suna aiki tare don magance batutuwan damuwa na duniya kamar Hare-haren ATM a Ostiraliya a cikin 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2012 |title=ATM Ram-Raiders Thwarted with Raminator |url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/atm-ramraiders-thwarted-with-raminator |access-date=December 22, 2016 |publisher=Radio Australia}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2012 game da ka'idojin karkatar da kuɗi, gami da tsarin ATMs marasa banki a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prenzler |first=Tim |date=2009 |title=Strike Force Piccadilly: a public‐private partnership to stop ATM ram raids |journal=Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management |publisher=Emerald |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=210, 215 and 216 |doi=10.1108/13639510910958145 |s2cid=154483609 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2016 |title=Banking, Issue 24, Evidence - October 17, 2012 |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/411%5CBANC/24EV-49731-e.HTM |publisher=}}</ref> ATMIA tana wakiltar membobinta a gaban hukumomin kudi <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2014 |title=The Future Of Cash With Mike Lee, ATMIA CEO |url=https://www.yourcash.com/the-future-of-the-atm-industry-with-mike-lee-atmia-ceo/ |publisher=www.yourcash.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2014 |title=In face of mobile money onslaught, Atmia makes pro-cash rallying cry |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/26627/in-face-of-mobile-money-onslaught-atmia-makes-pro-cash-rallying-cry |publisher=Finextra}}</ref> da masu tsarawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Cash is still king but "uneasy lies the head that wears a crown! |url=http://www.bankingtech.com/455552/cash-is-still-king-but-uneasy-lies-the-head-that-wears-a-crown/ |publisher=Banking Technology |access-date=May 20, 2026 |archive-date=September 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901160544/http://www.bankingtech.com/455552/cash-is-still-king-but-uneasy-lies-the-head-that-wears-a-crown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2016 |title=Central bank calls for access to cash to be a legal right in Sweden • NFC World |url=https://www.nfcworld.com/2016/03/21/343432/central-bank-calls-access-cash-legal-right-sweden/ |publisher=}}</ref> kuma yana kusantar 'yan majalisa kai tsaye Wannan ya haɗa da samar da sabis na kuɗi ga waɗanda ke cikin ƙananan kuɗin shiga da sauran masu amfani masu rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2016 |title=ATM Operators Win Supreme Court Ruling |url=http://www.vendingtimes.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=EB79A487112B48A296B38C81345C8C7F&nm=Vending+Features&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=EE3B99B9038D4AF9B7CDD2C39B121205 |publisher=Vending Times }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 29, 2014 |title=ATM Industry Association calls for changes to Reg II |url=https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/56939/atm-industry-association-calls-for-changes-to-reg-ii |publisher=finextra.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2016 |title=Swedish central bank calls halt on moves to a cashless economy |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/28635/swedish-central-bank-calls-halt-on-moves-to-a-cashless-economy/ |publisher=Finextra}}</ref> Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da karatu kan amfani da takardun banki da tsabar kudi a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2015 |title=Global cash demand outstrips economic growth |url=https://www.atmmarketplace.com/news/global-cash-demand-outstrips-economic-growth-study-shows/ |publisher=ATMmarketplace.com}}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==    == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 140xumtdrty1v2ewxkuirrd9e6dtehm 0 151938 841252 838840 2026-05-28T08:54:01Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344712407|Ike Shorunmu]]" 841252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ike Ibrahim Shorunmu''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1967) tsohon [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|gidan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya. == Sana'a == An haifi Shorunmu a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Bayan shekaru kaɗan a Najeriya, ya koma wasa a [[Switzerland]], kuma ya yi fice a can. Ƙungiyar [[Beşiktaş|Beşiktaş JK]] [[Turkiyya|ta Turkiyya]] ta saye shi a shekarar 1999 kan dala miliyan 2,400,000 — amma sun sake shi saboda suna tunanin ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da ƙungiyar ƙasa. Daga baya Shorunmu ya buga wa wasu ƙungiyoyin Switzerland da Turkiyya wasa. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko da aka zaɓa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa]] kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002. Kocin [[Clemens Westerhof]] ne ya kawo Shorunmu cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1992. == Aikin koyarwa == Shorunmu ya yi aiki kwanan nan a matsayin kocin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar ƙasa da kuma na [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba FC.]] A shekarar 2010 an ɗauki Shorunmu aiki a matsayin mai wannan matsayi a Heartland FC. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] 44atun7n28aulh6s41y34f79thj3cbg 841253 841252 2026-05-28T08:54:55Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344712407|Ike Shorunmu]]" 841253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ike Ibrahim Shorunmu''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1967) tsohon [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|gidan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya.<ref>I married at 23 to have a balanced life as footballer –Ex-Super Eagles goalkeeper, Shorunmu". ''The Punch''. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Shorunmu a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Bayan shekaru kaɗan a Najeriya, ya koma wasa a [[Switzerland]], kuma ya yi fice a can. Ƙungiyar [[Beşiktaş|Beşiktaş JK]] [[Turkiyya|ta Turkiyya]] ta saye shi a shekarar 1999 kan dala miliyan 2,400,000 — amma sun sake shi saboda suna tunanin ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da ƙungiyar ƙasa. Daga baya Shorunmu ya buga wa wasu ƙungiyoyin Switzerland da Turkiyya wasa. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko da aka zaɓa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa]] kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002. Kocin [[Clemens Westerhof]] ne ya kawo Shorunmu cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1992. == Aikin koyarwa == Shorunmu ya yi aiki kwanan nan a matsayin kocin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar ƙasa da kuma na [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba FC.]] A shekarar 2010 an ɗauki Shorunmu aiki a matsayin mai wannan matsayi a Heartland FC. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] lfyw120uhjodkpsdfhdgdhes4tlbnfp 841254 841253 2026-05-28T08:55:12Z Sardeeq 39275 841254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ike Ibrahim Shorunmu''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1967) tsohon [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|gidan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya.<ref>I married at 23 to have a balanced life as footballer –Ex-Super Eagles goalkeeper, Shorunmu". ''The Punch''. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Shorunmu a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Bayan shekaru kaɗan a Najeriya, ya koma wasa a [[Switzerland]], kuma ya yi fice a can. Ƙungiyar [[Beşiktaş|Beşiktaş JK]] [[Turkiyya|ta Turkiyya]] ta saye shi a shekarar 1999 kan dala miliyan 2,400,000 — amma sun sake shi saboda suna tunanin ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo tare da ƙungiyar ƙasa. Daga baya Shorunmu ya buga wa wasu ƙungiyoyin Switzerland da Turkiyya wasa. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko da aka zaɓa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa]] kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002. Kocin [[Clemens Westerhof]] ne ya kawo Shorunmu cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1992. == Aikin koyarwa == Shorunmu ya yi aiki kwanan nan a matsayin kocin mai tsaron raga na ƙungiyar ƙasa da kuma na [[Enyimba F.C.|Enyimba FC.]] A shekarar 2010 an ɗauki Shorunmu aiki a matsayin mai wannan matsayi a Heartland FC. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] bndfta90vv5x3ohro0onwxdccbsapm0 0 152315 840457 2026-05-27T12:08:48Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football biography | name = Chibueze Oputa | fullname = Chibueze Oputa | birth_place = Najeriya | position = Mai tsaron baya | currentclub = Rangers International | clubnumber = 2 | years1 = | clubs1 = Rangers International | nationalyears1 = 2026– | nationalteam1 = Najeriya | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Chibueze Oputa''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar Rangers International F... 840457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Chibueze Oputa | fullname = Chibueze Oputa | birth_place = Najeriya | position = Mai tsaron baya | currentclub = Rangers International | clubnumber = 2 | years1 = | clubs1 = Rangers International | nationalyears1 = 2026– | nationalteam1 = Najeriya | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Chibueze Oputa''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar [[Rangers International F.C.]] ta gasar [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL). Ya fara samun karɓuwa sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen taimaka wa Rangers wajen samun nasarori a gasar NPFL da kuma gayyatarsa zuwa tawagar manyan ‘yan wasan Najeriya ta Super Eagles a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First Eagles invite thrills Rangers’ Oputa |url=https://punchng.com/first-eagles-invite-thrills-rangers-oputa/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2026-05-22 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chibueze Oputa a Najeriya. Ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami kafin daga bisani ya shiga harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a cikin gida. Duk da cewa bayanai game da rayuwarsa ta farko ba su da yawa a kafafen yaɗa labarai, ya yi fice ne ta hanyar hazakarsa a matsayin mai tsaron baya wanda yake da ƙwarewa wajen kare gida da kuma taimakawa wajen kai hare-hare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oputa Chibueze stats and ratings |url=https://www.sofascore.com/football/player/oputa-chibueze/2288234 |website=Sofascore |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafa == Oputa ya shahara ne a kungiyar '''Rangers International''' inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron baya na ƙungiyar. A kakar wasan 2025–26, ya taimaka wa Rangers wajen kafa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun tarihin kariya a gasar NPFL, inda ƙungiyar ta zura ƙwallaye kaɗan a raga yayin fafutukar lashe kofin gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First Eagles invite thrills Rangers’ Oputa |url=https://punchng.com/first-eagles-invite-thrills-rangers-oputa/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2026-05-22 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2026, Oputa ya samu gayyata ta farko zuwa tawagar '''Super Eagles''' ƙarƙashin koci Eric Chelle domin buga gasar Unity Cup da aka shirya a Landan. Gayyatar tasa ta zo ne bayan bajintarsa a gasar cikin gida, lamarin da ya jawo hankalin masu horar da tawagar ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=First Eagles invite thrills Rangers’ Oputa |url=https://punchng.com/first-eagles-invite-thrills-rangers-oputa/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2026-05-22 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar lashe gasar NPFL tare da Rangers, Oputa ya bayyana farin cikinsa da cewa samun kofin gasar tare da gayyatar Super Eagles abu ne da ya daɗe yana addu’a da aiki tuƙuru domin samu.<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Na wetin i don dey pray for' — New Super Eagles star reacts to shock Nigeria call-up & NPFL title double blessing |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/story/nigerian-star-reacts-shock-super-eagles-call-up-npfl-title-2026052516184494347 |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=2026-05-25 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Ana kallon Oputa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai kuzari wanda yake iya kai farmaki daga gefen fili tare da yin dawowa cikin sauri domin kare gida. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen yin overlapping runs da kuma taimakawa wajen tsare gida yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Na wetin i don dey pray for' — New Super Eagles star reacts to shock Nigeria call-up & NPFL title double blessing |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/story/nigerian-star-reacts-shock-super-eagles-call-up-npfl-title-2026052516184494347 |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=2026-05-25 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Manazarta == l7wrpbn4m69e80necjhg24xkos5pqow 0 152316 840464 2026-05-27T13:23:28Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350858511|Petrina Haingura]]" 840464 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Petrina Namutenya Haingura''' (an haife ta 27 ga Yulin 1959 a Rundu, Yankin Okavango) 'yar siyasa ce ta [[Namibiya]] . Haingura memba ce ta [[SWAPO]], kuma tana riƙe da kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Namibia tun shekara ta 2005. Ta girma a cikin gidan da ke tallafawa SWAPO kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na motsi tun 1980. A lokacin da aka zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, an zabi Haingura a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a. Ta kuma shiga cikin Majalisar Mata ta SWAPO . Haingura ta sami takardar shaidar a fannin jinya daga makarantar horar da likitancin Onandjokwe a shekarar 1980, difloma a fannin aikin jinya daga Kwalejin jinya ta Oshakati a shekarar 1984, difloma a cikin aikin haihuwa daga [[Windhoek Nursing College|Kwalejin Nursing ta Windhoek]] a shekarar 1985, difloma mai ci gaba a fannin inganta kiwon lafiya da ganewar asali daga Jami'ar Namibia a shekarar 1992, difloma a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya da Bincike ta Afirka a [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a daga Jami'a ta Liverpool. Petrina Haingura ita ce gwauruwar ɗan'uwanta ɗan siyasa na SWAPO kuma mai fafutuka Ambrosius Haingura . Ya mutu a shekara ta 2010. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 7gzahh19v5dyjff771fr4ueg6pf91u1 0 152317 840465 2026-05-27T13:24:37Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346569651|Ester Haikola-Sakaria]]" 840465 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Ester Haikola-Sakaria''' 'yar siyasar Namibiya ce daga Affirmative Repositioning wacce ta kasance memba na Majalisar dokokin Namibia tun 2025. An zabe ta a Babban zaben Namibia na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Education Officials advised to take measured approach to interventions {{!}} nbc |url=https://nbcnews.na/node/111831 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250715181008/https://nbcnews.na/node/111831 |archive-date=2025-07-15 |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=nbcnews.na |language=en}}</ref> Kakanninta ne suka tashe ta. Ita ce ta kafa kuma darakta na kungiyar Wakapinya Environmental Education NGO . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-19 |title=An exclusive interview with Ester Haikola-Sakaria, Environmentalist – Windhoek Observer |url=https://www.observer24.com.na/an-exclusive-interview-with-ester-haikola-sakaria-environmentalist/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 03st978mzr15eco8jrw21c19uaaqsnu 0 152318 840466 2026-05-27T13:26:39Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337301706|Hansina Christiaan]]" 840466 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Hansina Christiaan 'yar siyasar Namibiya ce. Memba na SWAPO, Christiaan ya kasance memba na Majalisar Kasa ta 4 ta Namibiya daga 2005 zuwa 2010.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mrq1fv7kjqh66uvx5qk1wjv03wi85t1 0 152319 840468 2026-05-27T13:29:24Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338651985|Elizabeth Becker (politician)]]" 840468 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Elizabeth Celeste Becker (an haife ta 6 Oktoba 1969) yar siyasa ce ta Namibiya daga Popular Democratic Movement.[1] An zabe ta mamba a majalisar dokokin Namibiya a shekarar 2020. Becker ya kasance Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Jama'ar United . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2024-08-01 |title=UPM President's move to fire three party members declared unconstitutional by court |url=https://informante.web.na/?p=360902 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Informanté |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 7 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m5ayvgqxsao1i8une8efpjnk9za2lma 0 152320 840469 2026-05-27T13:30:57Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352279083|Lucia Basson]]" 840469 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Lucia Basson (an Haife shi 20 Maris 1953 a Karasburg, ǁKaras Region) ɗan siyasan Namibiya ne wanda ya kasance gwamnan yankin Karas na Namibiya daga Afrilu 2015[1] zuwa Afrilu 2020.[2] Mamba ce ta SWAPO, Basson ta kasance mamba a majalisar dokokin kasar Namibiya daga zaben da shugaba Sam Nujoma ya zaba a cikin jerin zabukan SWAPO a shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2010, lokacin da ta gaza sake tsayawa takara. Ita shugabar SWAPO ce daga yankin Hardap.[3] == Rayuwa ta mutum == Basson yana aiki a cikin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, sake fasalin ƙasa, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban al'umma. An san ta da bayar da shawarwari a madadin 'yan karkara na Namibiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basson Lucia – National Assembly profile |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/basson-lucia/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=Parliament of Namibia}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/basson-lucia/ Bayanan majalisa] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] 7fuuft1gn2y69r1woo8zr8ig5qk5ihu 0 152321 840470 2026-05-27T13:32:16Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354628342|Maria Baptista Soares]]" 840470 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Authority control}}'''Maria Baptista Soares''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1928) masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne na Cape Verde kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. Ta shiga cikin aikinta musamman don al'ummomi daban-daban na batutuwan da suka shafi rikice-rikice musamman kan subaltern da neocolonialism. Wani masanin ilimin zamantakewa na birane, ta rubuta game da dangantakar zamantakewa a gefen duniya tare da irin wannan tsananin wanda ke kare kirkirar asalin yanki kuma a wani bangare akan karfafawa na sararin samaniya. An kafa shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008 a São Paulo, Brazil, Cibiyar Nazarin Yankin Latinoamericano de Estudos Territoriais (CEPLAET, Cibiyar Bayanan Yankin Latin Amurka), yana bin takwaransa na Portuguese amma ba tare da ra'ayoyin ka'idoji da hanyoyin ba game da tattaunawar da suka shafi al'ummar Latin Amurka. == Ayyuka == * Fragmentos [''Fragments''] - Sociedade Marginal. Jami'ar Cape Verde, Praia, 1995 . * Latin Amurka da yankin kama-da-wane [Latin America da yankin kama da kama-da. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] * ''Metamorphoses na Habitat.'' Caminho, Jami'ar Évora / Jami'ar Cape Verde, Évora / Praia, 2003. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] a1gg9mbwggsvyjqlwmcwqqb53f8pjqs 0 152322 840506 2026-05-27T17:17:04Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340768448|Sam Pam]]" 840506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Pam Junior''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1968), wanda aka fi sani da '''Sam Pam''' ko '''Sam Pam Junior''', tsohon ɗan wasan baya ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Sana'a == Sam Pam ya fara wasansa na matasa a Plateau United, daga baya ya koma Leventis United inda nan take ya zama ɗan wasa na farko kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1985 yana da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunting In The African Jungle: 1985 |url=http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213134007/http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |archive-date=2017-02-13 |website=ingwefans.com}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma BCC Lions kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1991, inda ya sake zama na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Club Competitions 1991 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afcup91.html |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1995, [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ta gan shi bayan da ƙungiyarsa ta fitar da shi daga gasar daga hannun ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da haka, sun ƙi sayar da shi kuma ya shiga Shooting Stars a 1996. A sabon kulob ɗinsa, ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1996, inda ya doke Orlando Pirates a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. A watan Fabrairun 1997, ya shiga gasar Buccaneers. A lokacin da yake aiki a Orlando Pirates, Pam ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar, [1] A watan Yunin 1999, ya tafi Ajax Cape Town [2] a yarjejeniyar da ta aika mai tsaron gida Wayne Roberts zuwa Orlando Pirates kuma shi ne kyaftin na farko a ƙungiyar. Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan da sabon koci Henk Bodewes ya gaya masa cewa ba ya cikin shirye-shiryen gaba, sai ya koma Ria Stars inda ya zauna har zuwa 2002, lokacin da aka wargaza ƙungiyar. Daga nan Pam ya koma Pietersburg Pillars . Bayan shekaru biyu da suka kusa kaiwa ga samun ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier Soccer League, ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Pam ya buga wasa sau ɗaya a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa]] a wasan da suka yi da Argentina a gasar cin kofin King Fahd ta 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Sam PAM |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315014802/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=FIFA.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ritaya == Pam ta zauna a Afirka ta Kudu bayan ta yi ritaya, tana neman aikin koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2014 |title=Tavern Talk: What Sam Pam's Been Up To... |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/gordon-s-legends-tavern-news/tavern-talk-what-sam-pam-s-been-up-to/192727 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=www.soccerladuma.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] ot576uc2yv3iqgl8cor2z2gkf68n6ci 840507 840506 2026-05-27T17:17:20Z Sardeeq 39275 840507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samuel Pam Junior''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1968), wanda aka fi sani da '''Sam Pam''' ko '''Sam Pam Junior''', tsohon ɗan wasan baya ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Sana'a == Sam Pam ya fara wasansa na matasa a Plateau United, daga baya ya koma Leventis United inda nan take ya zama ɗan wasa na farko kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1985 yana da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunting In The African Jungle: 1985 |url=http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213134007/http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |archive-date=2017-02-13 |website=ingwefans.com}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma BCC Lions kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1991, inda ya sake zama na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Club Competitions 1991 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afcup91.html |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1995, [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ta gan shi bayan da ƙungiyarsa ta fitar da shi daga gasar daga hannun ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da haka, sun ƙi sayar da shi kuma ya shiga Shooting Stars a 1996. A sabon kulob ɗinsa, ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1996, inda ya doke Orlando Pirates a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. A watan Fabrairun 1997, ya shiga gasar Buccaneers. A lokacin da yake aiki a Orlando Pirates, Pam ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar, [1] A watan Yunin 1999, ya tafi Ajax Cape Town [2] a yarjejeniyar da ta aika mai tsaron gida Wayne Roberts zuwa Orlando Pirates kuma shi ne kyaftin na farko a ƙungiyar. Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan da sabon koci Henk Bodewes ya gaya masa cewa ba ya cikin shirye-shiryen gaba, sai ya koma Ria Stars inda ya zauna har zuwa 2002, lokacin da aka wargaza ƙungiyar. Daga nan Pam ya koma Pietersburg Pillars . Bayan shekaru biyu da suka kusa kaiwa ga samun ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier Soccer League, ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Pam ya buga wasa sau ɗaya a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa]] a wasan da suka yi da Argentina a gasar cin kofin King Fahd ta 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Sam PAM |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315014802/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=FIFA.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ritaya == Pam ta zauna a Afirka ta Kudu bayan ta yi ritaya, tana neman aikin koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2014 |title=Tavern Talk: What Sam Pam's Been Up To... |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/gordon-s-legends-tavern-news/tavern-talk-what-sam-pam-s-been-up-to/192727 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=www.soccerladuma.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] m2puiomxbolu1byp6qpherqq1o5fytt 840508 840507 2026-05-27T17:17:51Z Sardeeq 39275 840508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samuel Pam Junior''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1968), wanda aka fi sani da '''Sam Pam''' ko '''Sam Pam Junior''', tsohon ɗan wasan baya ne na Najeriya kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya. == Sana'a == Sam Pam ya fara wasansa na matasa a Plateau United, daga baya ya koma Leventis United inda nan take ya zama ɗan wasa na farko kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1985 yana da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunting In The African Jungle: 1985 |url=http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213134007/http://ingwefans.com/columns/the-african-jungle/296-hunting-in-the-african-jungle-1985.html |archive-date=2017-02-13 |website=ingwefans.com}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma BCC Lions kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1991, inda ya sake zama na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Club Competitions 1991 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afcup91.html |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1995, [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ta gan shi bayan da ƙungiyarsa ta fitar da shi daga gasar daga hannun ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da haka, sun ƙi sayar da shi kuma ya shiga Shooting Stars a 1996. A sabon kulob ɗinsa, ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta 1996, inda ya doke Orlando Pirates a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. A watan Fabrairun 1997, ya shiga gasar Buccaneers. A lokacin da yake aiki a Orlando Pirates, Pam ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar, [1] A watan Yunin 1999, ya tafi Ajax Cape Town [2] a yarjejeniyar da ta aika mai tsaron gida Wayne Roberts zuwa Orlando Pirates kuma shi ne kyaftin na farko a ƙungiyar. Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan da sabon koci Henk Bodewes ya gaya masa cewa ba ya cikin shirye-shiryen gaba, sai ya koma Ria Stars inda ya zauna har zuwa 2002, lokacin da aka wargaza ƙungiyar. Daga nan Pam ya koma Pietersburg Pillars . Bayan shekaru biyu da suka kusa kaiwa ga samun ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier Soccer League, ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya. [ ] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Pam ya buga wasa sau ɗaya a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa]] a wasan da suka yi da Argentina a gasar cin kofin King Fahd ta 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Tournaments - Players & Coaches - Sam PAM |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315014802/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=180911/index.html |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=FIFA.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ritaya == Pam ta zauna a Afirka ta Kudu bayan ta yi ritaya, tana neman aikin koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2014 |title=Tavern Talk: What Sam Pam's Been Up To... |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/gordon-s-legends-tavern-news/tavern-talk-what-sam-pam-s-been-up-to/192727 |access-date=2018-05-21 |website=www.soccerladuma.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 5nzlzqd1p77927a4af3va7fv7prqpou 0 152323 840510 2026-05-27T17:18:28Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278666566|Tajudeen Oyekanmi]]" 840510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tajudeen Oyekanmi''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1969) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1990. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] ny4nc1ed8mil9xhikd1rdcldnmkvty2 840511 840510 2026-05-27T17:19:39Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278666566|Tajudeen Oyekanmi]]" 840511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tajudeen Oyekanmi''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1969) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1990. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2]<ref>Tajudeen Oyekanmi". National Football Teams. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref><ref>African Nations Cup 1990 - Final Tournament Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 9cbso59tgpp2y7ud2c9h4141n826vr6 840512 840511 2026-05-27T17:19:57Z Sardeeq 39275 840512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tajudeen Oyekanmi''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1969) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1990. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2]<ref>Tajudeen Oyekanmi". National Football Teams. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref><ref>African Nations Cup 1990 - Final Tournament Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 7ps3p2twe3x53chww5dgabxk9gp0r07 0 152324 840514 2026-05-27T17:20:27Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295518213|Sunday Oyarekhua]]" 840514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lahadi ("Sunny") Oyarekhua''' ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|na ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya]] ne. == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Kocin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ya gano Oyarekhua, [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|ɗan sanda]] na zamani, yayin da yake bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan sanda ta Legas wasa. Oyarekhua ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 28 da ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] tsakanin 1971 da 1976. Ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko, a wasan sada zumunci da Upper Volta a 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Solaja, Kunle |date=10 February 2011 |title=Ehiosun is 58th scoring debutant |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110210/Ehiosun_is_58th_scoring_debutant |publisher=Supersport.com}}</ref> Shi ne babban dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a tawagar da Najeriya ta lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1973. Oyarekhua ya kuma buga wa Najeriya wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1976 a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kwanan nan ya yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'Yan Sandan Jihar Osun . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rnpfmp2hd13rc344j22lwdqxa0494mj 840515 840514 2026-05-27T17:20:48Z Sardeeq 39275 840515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lahadi ("Sunny") Oyarekhua''' ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|na ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya]] ne. == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Kocin tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ya gano Oyarekhua, [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|ɗan sanda]] na zamani, yayin da yake bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan sanda ta Legas wasa. Oyarekhua ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 28 da ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] tsakanin 1971 da 1976. Ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko, a wasan sada zumunci da Upper Volta a 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Solaja, Kunle |date=10 February 2011 |title=Ehiosun is 58th scoring debutant |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110210/Ehiosun_is_58th_scoring_debutant |publisher=Supersport.com}}</ref> Shi ne babban dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a tawagar da Najeriya ta lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1973. Oyarekhua ya kuma buga wa Najeriya wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 1976 a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kwanan nan ya yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan 'Yan Sandan Jihar Osun . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7g2l14lzbpi584lgrqoevu7i5bevcke 0 152325 840517 2026-05-27T17:21:50Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344575740|Raheem Owolabi Isiaka]]" 840517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raheem Owolabi Isiaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1991) [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya a ƙungiyar Al-Hedood FC ta Iraqi . == Sana'a == Owolabi ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar First Bank da Shooting Stars . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stabbed Shooting Stars player Owolabi Raheem out for three weeks &#124; Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/04/28/3065652/stabbed-shooting-stars-player-owolabi-raheem-out-for-three |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729013041/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/04/28/3065652/stabbed-shooting-stars-player-owolabi-raheem-out-for-three |archive-date=29 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2012 |title=Shooting Stars' Raheem Owolabi injured in football violence |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/28139/shooting-stars-raheem-owolabi-injured-in-football-violence}}</ref> Ya bar Shooting Stars a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2011-12, inda zai buga wasa a gasar Iraqi. [1] [2] A shekarar 2013, ya buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Iraqi tare da Al-Zawraa. A watan Satumba na 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Iraqi Premier League, Al-Masafi har zuwa 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Players in the Iraqi Premier League |url=https://www.rsssf.org/players/foreign-iraqleague.html |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=[[RSSSF]] |publisher=}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> Ya koma Al-Najaf FC a watan Janairun 2016 sannan ya koma Karbalaa FC a shekarar 2017. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] b4dev7d9fufinmtacafo0t6zs8quw0s 840518 840517 2026-05-27T17:22:03Z Sardeeq 39275 840518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Raheem Owolabi Isiaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1991) [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya a ƙungiyar Al-Hedood FC ta Iraqi . == Sana'a == Owolabi ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar First Bank da Shooting Stars . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stabbed Shooting Stars player Owolabi Raheem out for three weeks &#124; Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/04/28/3065652/stabbed-shooting-stars-player-owolabi-raheem-out-for-three |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729013041/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/04/28/3065652/stabbed-shooting-stars-player-owolabi-raheem-out-for-three |archive-date=29 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2012 |title=Shooting Stars' Raheem Owolabi injured in football violence |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/28139/shooting-stars-raheem-owolabi-injured-in-football-violence}}</ref> Ya bar Shooting Stars a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2011-12, inda zai buga wasa a gasar Iraqi. [1] [2] A shekarar 2013, ya buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Iraqi tare da Al-Zawraa. A watan Satumba na 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Iraqi Premier League, Al-Masafi har zuwa 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Players in the Iraqi Premier League |url=https://www.rsssf.org/players/foreign-iraqleague.html |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=[[RSSSF]] |publisher=}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> Ya koma Al-Najaf FC a watan Janairun 2016 sannan ya koma Karbalaa FC a shekarar 2017. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] db3vai5mxcfzhrmm8c6a150489xegjq 0 152326 840520 2026-05-27T17:23:03Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311488401|Patrick Ovie]]" 840520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Ovie''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1978) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Legas, Ovie ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da Shooting Stars of Nigeria, kafin ya koma Isra'ila, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu. A shekara ta 2002, Ovie ya koma ƙungiyar Krylia Sovetov ta ƙasar Rasha, inda ya shafe shekaru uku da rabi kafin ya koma FC Dynamo Moscow a lokacin bazara na 2006, tare da ɗan ƙasarsa Joseph Enakarhire . Ya yi ritaya a watan Disamba na 2009 daga aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa don kula da matarsa da ke fama da rashin lafiya. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Wasa da ya yi wa Krylia Sovetov ya sa ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasanni da dama. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Surukin [[Kadiri Ikhana]] ne. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] k5i0dzbj0qopv720wnnibuu06tpjtf4 840521 840520 2026-05-27T17:23:41Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311488401|Patrick Ovie]]" 840521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Ovie''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1978) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]].<ref>Nigeria rest key players". 17 June 2003. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Legas, Ovie ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da Shooting Stars of Nigeria, kafin ya koma Isra'ila, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu. A shekara ta 2002, Ovie ya koma ƙungiyar Krylia Sovetov ta ƙasar Rasha, inda ya shafe shekaru uku da rabi kafin ya koma FC Dynamo Moscow a lokacin bazara na 2006, tare da ɗan ƙasarsa Joseph Enakarhire . Ya yi ritaya a watan Disamba na 2009 daga aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa don kula da matarsa da ke fama da rashin lafiya. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Wasa da ya yi wa Krylia Sovetov ya sa ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasanni da dama. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Surukin [[Kadiri Ikhana]] ne. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] neoojcq9lyanvkn2bkop9ij5syudosn 840522 840521 2026-05-27T17:23:54Z Sardeeq 39275 840522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick Ovie''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1978) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]].<ref>Nigeria rest key players". 17 June 2003. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Legas, Ovie ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da Shooting Stars of Nigeria, kafin ya koma Isra'ila, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu. A shekara ta 2002, Ovie ya koma ƙungiyar Krylia Sovetov ta ƙasar Rasha, inda ya shafe shekaru uku da rabi kafin ya koma FC Dynamo Moscow a lokacin bazara na 2006, tare da ɗan ƙasarsa Joseph Enakarhire . Ya yi ritaya a watan Disamba na 2009 daga aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa don kula da matarsa da ke fama da rashin lafiya. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Wasa da ya yi wa Krylia Sovetov ya sa ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasanni da dama. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Surukin [[Kadiri Ikhana]] ne. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] ev3zk2gdpcauf4us59onyn1jlfnmegd 0 152327 840523 2026-05-27T17:24:29Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325474075|Idah Peterside]]" 840523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idah Peterside''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1974) tsohon mai tsaron gida ne na ƙwallon ƙafa kuma jami'in watsa labarai na Najeriya, mai sharhi kan talabijin kuma fasto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legends: SL10 Chats To Idah Peterside |url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/teams/nigeria-1615726/legends-sl10-chats-to-idah-peterside/167973 |access-date=1 December 2017 |website=Soccerladuma.co.za}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2002. [1] A halin yanzu shi mai sharhi ne kan ƙwallon ƙafa na SuperSport kuma Fasto a Cocin Christ Ambassadors da ke Kempton Park, gabashin Johannesburg. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] izov024ueig8rkj21zvj2q0dwcbd6ns 840525 840523 2026-05-27T17:24:42Z Sardeeq 39275 840525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Idah Peterside''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1974) tsohon mai tsaron gida ne na ƙwallon ƙafa kuma jami'in watsa labarai na Najeriya, mai sharhi kan talabijin kuma fasto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legends: SL10 Chats To Idah Peterside |url=https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/teams/nigeria-1615726/legends-sl10-chats-to-idah-peterside/167973 |access-date=1 December 2017 |website=Soccerladuma.co.za}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2002. [1] A halin yanzu shi mai sharhi ne kan ƙwallon ƙafa na SuperSport kuma Fasto a Cocin Christ Ambassadors da ke Kempton Park, gabashin Johannesburg. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] l0bov9wpc0zn74xefs0pdjk3up4htj2 0 152328 840526 2026-05-27T17:25:44Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345572926|Patrick Pascal]]" 840526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Pascal''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1974 a Bauchi) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya, wanda a halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da ƙungiyar Super Eagles kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa [[Bauchi (jiha)|ta Bauchi]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2019 |title=Super Eagles team coordinator Patrick Pascal becomes Bauchi FA Chairman |url=https://www.brila.net/just-in-super-eagles-team-coordinator-patrick-pascal-becomes-bauchi-fa-chairman/}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Patrick ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1992, ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya a [[Wikki Tourists F.C.|Wikki Tourist]] . Bayan shekara guda a Bauchi, ya koma Shooting Stars FC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pascal says Eaglets look promising |url=http://www.thenff.com/2015/07/pascal-says-eaglets-look-promising/}}</ref> Bayan ya zura kwallaye 43 a wasanni 103, ya koma ƙungiyar '''Gençlerbirliği Ankara ta''' Turkiyya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkish Football Federation Player Information and detail {{!}} Pascal Patrick |url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=526&kisiId=28148}}</ref> a shekarar 1996. A can ya ci gaba har zuwa 18 ga Nuwamba 1997 sannan ya sanya hannu da Altay Izmir . Ya zira kwallaye 20 a wasanni 45 don fitar da su daga faduwa daga gasar. Bayan kakar wasa, a watan Janairun 2000, ya koma Belgium ya sanya hannu da [[Royal Antwerp]] bayan ya yi nasara a gwaji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Football Team {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} Pascal Patrick |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15072/Patrick_Pascal_Onya.html}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2000, Pascal ya shiga Lifan FC a China kuma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2002 == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Patrick ya buga wasanni huɗu na ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1998 da 1999. Patrick Pascal yana cikin ƙungiyar wasannin Olympics ta Najeriya da ta lashe lambar zinare a Atlanta a shekarar 1996. [1] == Aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci == Bayan kammala aikinsa na aiki, ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wikki Tourists. Ya yi wannan aikin har zuwa bazara na 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Pascal admonishes ex-internationals {{!}} on youth{{!}} players |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/pascal-admonishes-ex-internationals/}}</ref> sannan kuma ya kasance "Mataimaki na Musamman" ga ƙungiyoyin matasa na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki a matsayin "shugaban aikin matasa" na Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bauchi, shi ne mataimakin shugaban hukumar FA ta Bauchi na farko kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman kan ci gaban matasa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Aminu Maigari kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Fasaha a ƙarƙashin Pinnick Amaju, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/157369-maigari-inaugurates-electoral-committee-nigerian-football-elections.html] a halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da Super Eagles na Najeriya. == Daraja == === Kulob === Tauraron Mai Harbi * Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya 1995 * Kofin Kalubale na 1995 * Zakarun Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka na Zakarun Turai sun zo na biyu a 1996 Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa Matasan Najeriya * Lambar Zinare ta Olympics : 1996 * Lambobin Tagulla na [[1995 All-Africa Games|Duk Wasannin Afirka]] na 1995 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] 5g27alpqdoahljrk1oge5pcqott0nrx 840527 840526 2026-05-27T17:25:59Z Sardeeq 39275 840527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick Pascal''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1974 a Bauchi) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya, wanda a halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da ƙungiyar Super Eagles kuma shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa [[Bauchi (jiha)|ta Bauchi]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2019 |title=Super Eagles team coordinator Patrick Pascal becomes Bauchi FA Chairman |url=https://www.brila.net/just-in-super-eagles-team-coordinator-patrick-pascal-becomes-bauchi-fa-chairman/}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Patrick ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1992, ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya a [[Wikki Tourists F.C.|Wikki Tourist]] . Bayan shekara guda a Bauchi, ya koma Shooting Stars FC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pascal says Eaglets look promising |url=http://www.thenff.com/2015/07/pascal-says-eaglets-look-promising/}}</ref> Bayan ya zura kwallaye 43 a wasanni 103, ya koma ƙungiyar '''Gençlerbirliği Ankara ta''' Turkiyya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkish Football Federation Player Information and detail {{!}} Pascal Patrick |url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=526&kisiId=28148}}</ref> a shekarar 1996. A can ya ci gaba har zuwa 18 ga Nuwamba 1997 sannan ya sanya hannu da Altay Izmir . Ya zira kwallaye 20 a wasanni 45 don fitar da su daga faduwa daga gasar. Bayan kakar wasa, a watan Janairun 2000, ya koma Belgium ya sanya hannu da [[Royal Antwerp]] bayan ya yi nasara a gwaji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Football Team {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} Pascal Patrick |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15072/Patrick_Pascal_Onya.html}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2000, Pascal ya shiga Lifan FC a China kuma ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2002 == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Patrick ya buga wasanni huɗu na ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a shekarar 1998 da 1999. Patrick Pascal yana cikin ƙungiyar wasannin Olympics ta Najeriya da ta lashe lambar zinare a Atlanta a shekarar 1996. [1] == Aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci == Bayan kammala aikinsa na aiki, ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wikki Tourists. Ya yi wannan aikin har zuwa bazara na 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Pascal admonishes ex-internationals {{!}} on youth{{!}} players |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/pascal-admonishes-ex-internationals/}}</ref> sannan kuma ya kasance "Mataimaki na Musamman" ga ƙungiyoyin matasa na Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki a matsayin "shugaban aikin matasa" na Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bauchi, shi ne mataimakin shugaban hukumar FA ta Bauchi na farko kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman kan ci gaban matasa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Aminu Maigari kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Fasaha a ƙarƙashin Pinnick Amaju, [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/157369-maigari-inaugurates-electoral-committee-nigerian-football-elections.html] a halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da Super Eagles na Najeriya. == Daraja == === Kulob === Tauraron Mai Harbi * Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya 1995 * Kofin Kalubale na 1995 * Zakarun Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka na Zakarun Turai sun zo na biyu a 1996 Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa Matasan Najeriya * Lambar Zinare ta Olympics : 1996 * Lambobin Tagulla na [[1995 All-Africa Games|Duk Wasannin Afirka]] na 1995 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] gvvgmaz3xbh43mibotc568bpjlplz1r 0 152329 840532 2026-05-27T18:15:46Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355891419|Sienna Miller]]" 840532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sienna Rose Diana Miller''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 1981) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin samfurin, tana bayyana a cikin shafuka na ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' na Italiya da kuma [[Pirelli Calendar|Kalandar Pirelli]] ta 2003. Nasarar da ta samu ta zo ne a cikin fina-finai na 2004 Layer Cake da ''[[Alfie (2004 film)|Alfi]]'' . Ta nuna [[Edie Sedgwick]] a cikin Factory Girl (2006) da marubuciya [[Caitlin Thomas|Caitlin Macnamara]] a cikin The Edge of Love (2008), kuma an zabi ta don BAFTA Rising Star Award a 2008. Matsayinta a matsayin [[Baroness (G.I. Joe)|Baroness]] a cikin GI Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) ya biyo bayan taƙaitaccen sabbatical daga allo a cikin karuwar binciken tabloid. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifiyar Miller ta shiga cikin haihuwa yayin kallon wasan kwaikwayon The Nutcracker a New York, Amurka, don haka an kusan haifi Miller a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="Ten Things">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Joanna |date=8 November 2012 |title=Ten Things About... Sienna Miller |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a436446/ten-things-about-sienna-miller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206032144/http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a436446/ten-things-about-sienna-miller.html |archive-date=6 December 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref><ref name="ward">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Maria |date=2016-12-31 |title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Sienna Miller |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/sienna-miller-5-things-you-didnt-know |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta koma London tare da iyalinta lokacin da take da wata 18. Miller dalibi ne a Makarantar Heathfield da ke Ascot, Berkshire . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-30 |title=Sienna Miller: 'It's good to play a bad girl' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/sienna-miller-it-s-good-to-play-a-bad-girl-1764926.html |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Edwin Miller, ma'aikacin banki ne kuma daga baya ya zama dillali na Amurka a cikin fasahar kasar Sin. Mahaifiyarta, Josephine, tsohuwar samfurin Burtaniya wacce aka haife ta a Afirka ta Kudu ga iyayen Burtaniya, ta kasance mataimakiyar [[David Bowie]] kuma ta kasance manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai na Lee Strasberg a New York.<ref name="ward" /> == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == === 2001-2003: Farkon wasan kwaikwayo === Miller ta farko allo ya zo ne a cikin soyayya comedy South Kensington (2001), a gaban Rupert Everett da Elle Macpherson . A shekara ta 2002, tana da matsayi na tallafi a cikin High Speed da kuma bin sa The Ride, kuma ta fito a cikin ''Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka'' da Bedtime . Tana da rawar da take takawa a kai a kai a matsayin mai gwagwarmaya amma mai kulawa na wani jami'in [[NYPD]] a cikin ''Jirgin'' wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin Keen Eddie (2003). Wannan shi ne bayyanar Miller ta farko ga masu sauraron Amurka. FOX ta soke shi bayan aukuwa bakwai kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Matt |title=Celebrity Biographies – The Amazing Life Of Sienna Miller – Famous Actors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3WQCwAAQBAJ&q=Celebrity+Biographies+-+The+Amazing+Life+Of+Sienna+Miller&pg=PP12 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Miller ya nuna marubucin littattafan mata ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma sha'awar soyayya ta [./Giacomo_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Casanova" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Giacomo Casanova">Giacomo Casanova (Heath Ledger) a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Casanova na shekara ta 2005. Ya yi dala miliyan 37.6, kuma Entertainment Weekly, a cikin bita mai kyau, ya rubuta: "Miss Miller tana da zamani, mai basira game da ita; Francesca ba ta da ƙarfi don narkewa ko kuma tana da haske sosai daga makarantar [[Emma Thompson]] ta smarties". Har ila yau, a shekara ta 2005 ta fara fitowa a West End a cikin farfadowar As You Like It a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndhams tana wasa da Celia, dan uwan Rosalind, tana karɓar lura mai laushi duk da haka wani bita mai ban tsoro ya fito daga Paul Taylor na The Independent. Ya rubuta cewa: "Ta kusanci motsin rai tare da ƙwarewar wani da ke buga kafet" kuma cewa ta "ta kawo wa shi duk ƙwarewar ƙwarewar sana'a da za a iya tarawa daga bayyana a cikin fina-finai uku".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2005 |title=As You Like It, Wyndham's Theatre, London |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/as-you-like-it-wyndhams-theatre-london-496103.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> A cikin The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (2008), fim din da aka yi amfani da shi na littafin Michael Chabon, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2006 |title=Mysterious casting for Nolte and Suvari |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/aug/24/news |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Miller ya buga wata mace da ke da alaƙa da wani ɗan tawaye mai jima'i. An fara shi ne a bikin fina-finai na Sundance kuma an sami iyakantaccen saki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mysteries of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mysteries_of_pittsburgh/ |access-date=20 April 2017 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Ta haifar da karamin tashin hankali a Pittsburgh lokacin da, a cikin wata hira da aka yi da Rolling Stone a shekara ta 2006, ta kira birnin "Shitsburgh", tana cewa, "Za ku iya gaskata wannan ita ce rayuwata? Za ku ji tausayi ni lokacin da kuka dawo cikin gidanku na New York kuma har yanzu ina cikin Pittsburgh? Ina buƙatar samun karin fina-finai masu ban sha'awa da kuma in daina tare da shekara ta indie. "An yi wa Miller ba'a a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Pittsburgh (ciki daya labari da aka ba da wani labarin da sunan mai suna mai suna mai banƙyama ga ba da ba da wani birni mai suna mai baƙi a kan 'Burgh' yan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ba da ba' yanci ba da kulawa ba da baƙi ba da ba ya zama dole ba da ba su kulawa ba da wani ofishin ba da ba shi ba da ba dole ba da kyauta ba da ba a kan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na 'Burgh') ba da kyauta. Miller ta nemi gafara kuma ta ce an cire maganganunta daga mahallin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-06 |title=Sienna Miller apologizes for dissing Pittsburgh |url=http://www.today.com/id/15157408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020181702/http://www.today.com/id/15157408 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=2007-10-31 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya na 2008 The Edge of Love, Miller ya bayyana tare da [[Keira Knightley]] a matsayin Caitlin Macnamara, matar mawaki Dylan Thomas . Duk da karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci, mai sukar The Hollywood Reporter Ray Bennett ya rubuta cewa "labari ne mai ban sha'awa na soyayya da yaƙi", kuma cewa "fim din na mata ne, tare da Knightley yana tafiya daga ƙarfi zuwa ƙarfi (kuma yana nuna cewa tana iya raira waƙa!) kuma Miller ta sake tabbatar da cewa tana da duk abin da take bukata don zama babban tauraron fim". <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=11261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812065951/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=11261 |archive-date=12 August 2009 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Miller ta sami gabatarwa ta BIFA don mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don aikinta. Ta kuma yi magana game da kyarketai a cikin fim din mai suna A Fox's Tale (2008) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=A FOX'S TALE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_little_fox_2 |access-date=29 March 2021 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> kuma ta taka rawar da ba ta mutu ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Camille'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=CAMILLE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1205971-camille |access-date=29 March 2021 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] 70e15a92bz9vrooybvqs1n7r3ifgj0v 840533 840532 2026-05-27T18:17:43Z Engineer014 44591 840533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sienna Rose Diana Miller''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba 1981) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Burtaniya. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin samfurin, tana bayyana a cikin shafuka na ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' na Italiya da kuma [[Pirelli Calendar|Kalandar Pirelli]] ta 2003. Nasarar da ta samu ta zo ne a cikin fina-finai na 2004 Layer Cake da ''[[Alfie (2004 film)|Alfi]]'' . Ta nuna [[Edie Sedgwick]] a cikin Factory Girl (2006) da marubuciya [[Caitlin Thomas|Caitlin Macnamara]] a cikin The Edge of Love (2008), kuma an zabi ta don BAFTA Rising Star Award a 2008. Matsayinta a matsayin [[Baroness (G.I. Joe)|Baroness]] a cikin GI Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) ya biyo bayan taƙaitaccen sabbatical daga allo a cikin karuwar binciken tabloid. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifiyar Miller ta shiga cikin haihuwa yayin kallon wasan kwaikwayon The Nutcracker a New York, Amurka, don haka an kusan haifi Miller a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="Ten Things">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Joanna |date=8 November 2012 |title=Ten Things About... Sienna Miller |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a436446/ten-things-about-sienna-miller.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206032144/http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a436446/ten-things-about-sienna-miller.html |archive-date=6 December 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref><ref name="ward">{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Maria |date=2016-12-31 |title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Sienna Miller |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/sienna-miller-5-things-you-didnt-know |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta koma London tare da iyalinta lokacin da take da wata 18. Miller dalibi ne a Makarantar Heathfield da ke Ascot, Berkshire . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-30 |title=Sienna Miller: 'It's good to play a bad girl' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/sienna-miller-it-s-good-to-play-a-bad-girl-1764926.html |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Edwin Miller, ma'aikacin banki ne kuma daga baya ya zama dillali na Amurka a cikin fasahar kasar Sin. Mahaifiyarta, Josephine, tsohuwar samfurin Burtaniya wacce aka haife ta a Afirka ta Kudu ga iyayen Burtaniya, ta kasance mataimakiyar [[David Bowie]] kuma ta kasance manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai na Lee Strasberg a New York.<ref name="ward" /> == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == === 2001-2003: Farkon wasan kwaikwayo === Miller ta farko allo ya zo ne a cikin soyayya comedy South Kensington (2001), a gaban Rupert Everett da Elle Macpherson . A shekara ta 2002, tana da matsayi na tallafi a cikin High Speed da kuma bin sa The Ride, kuma ta fito a cikin ''Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka'' da Bedtime . Tana da rawar da take takawa a kai a kai a matsayin mai gwagwarmaya amma mai kulawa na wani jami'in [[NYPD]] a cikin ''Jirgin'' wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin Keen Eddie (2003). Wannan shi ne bayyanar Miller ta farko ga masu sauraron Amurka. FOX ta soke shi bayan aukuwa bakwai kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Matt |title=Celebrity Biographies – The Amazing Life Of Sienna Miller – Famous Actors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3WQCwAAQBAJ&q=Celebrity+Biographies+-+The+Amazing+Life+Of+Sienna+Miller&pg=PP12 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Miller ya nuna marubucin littattafan mata ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma sha'awar soyayya ta [./Giacomo_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Casanova" id="mwew" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Giacomo Casanova">Giacomo Casanova (Heath Ledger) a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Casanova na shekara ta 2005. Ya yi dala miliyan 37.6, kuma Entertainment Weekly, a cikin bita mai kyau, ya rubuta: "Miss Miller tana da zamani, mai basira game da ita; Francesca ba ta da ƙarfi don narkewa ko kuma tana da haske sosai daga makarantar [[Emma Thompson]] ta smarties". Har ila yau, a shekara ta 2005 ta fara fitowa a West End a cikin farfadowar As You Like It a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Wyndhams tana wasa da Celia, dan uwan Rosalind, tana karɓar lura mai laushi duk da haka wani bita mai ban tsoro ya fito daga Paul Taylor na The Independent. Ya rubuta cewa: "Ta kusanci motsin rai tare da ƙwarewar wani da ke buga kafet" kuma cewa ta "ta kawo wa shi duk ƙwarewar ƙwarewar sana'a da za a iya tarawa daga bayyana a cikin fina-finai uku".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2005 |title=As You Like It, Wyndham's Theatre, London |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/as-you-like-it-wyndhams-theatre-london-496103.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> A cikin The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (2008), fim din da aka yi amfani da shi na littafin Michael Chabon, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2006 |title=Mysterious casting for Nolte and Suvari |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/aug/24/news |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Miller ya buga wata mace da ke da alaƙa da wani ɗan tawaye mai jima'i. An fara shi ne a bikin fina-finai na Sundance kuma an sami iyakantaccen saki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mysteries of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mysteries_of_pittsburgh/ |access-date=20 April 2017 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Ta haifar da karamin tashin hankali a Pittsburgh lokacin da, a cikin wata hira da aka yi da Rolling Stone a shekara ta 2006, ta kira birnin "Shitsburgh", tana cewa, "Za ku iya gaskata wannan ita ce rayuwata? Za ku ji tausayi ni lokacin da kuka dawo cikin gidanku na New York kuma har yanzu ina cikin Pittsburgh? Ina buƙatar samun karin fina-finai masu ban sha'awa da kuma in daina tare da shekara ta indie. "An yi wa Miller ba'a a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Pittsburgh (ciki daya labari da aka ba da wani labarin da sunan mai suna mai suna mai banƙyama ga ba da ba da wani birni mai suna mai baƙi a kan 'Burgh' yan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ba da ba' yanci ba da kulawa ba da baƙi ba da ba ya zama dole ba da ba su kulawa ba da wani ofishin ba da ba shi ba da ba dole ba da kyauta ba da ba a kan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na 'Burgh') ba da kyauta. Miller ta nemi gafara kuma ta ce an cire maganganunta daga mahallin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-06 |title=Sienna Miller apologizes for dissing Pittsburgh |url=http://www.today.com/id/15157408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020181702/http://www.today.com/id/15157408 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=2007-10-31 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya na 2008 The Edge of Love, Miller ya bayyana tare da [[Keira Knightley]] a matsayin Caitlin Macnamara, matar mawaki Dylan Thomas . Duk da karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci, mai sukar The Hollywood Reporter Ray Bennett ya rubuta cewa "labari ne mai ban sha'awa na soyayya da yaƙi", kuma cewa "fim din na mata ne, tare da Knightley yana tafiya daga ƙarfi zuwa ƙarfi (kuma yana nuna cewa tana iya raira waƙa!) kuma Miller ta sake tabbatar da cewa tana da duk abin da take bukata don zama babban tauraron fim". <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=11261 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812065951/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=11261 |archive-date=12 August 2009 |access-date=2 September 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Miller ta sami gabatarwa ta BIFA don mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don aikinta. Ta kuma yi magana game da kyarketai a cikin fim din mai suna A Fox's Tale (2008) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=A FOX'S TALE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_little_fox_2 |access-date=29 March 2021 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> kuma ta taka rawar da ba ta mutu ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya ''Camille'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=CAMILLE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1205971-camille |access-date=29 March 2021 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] bgfjuwfc2t8feqdo495yhgbk5hmzq6u 0 152330 840539 2026-05-27T19:27:11Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293342149|Victor Shaka]]" 840539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Shaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1975) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Tsohon kulob ɗinsa ya haɗa da Trabzonspor, [1] Happy Valley AA a Hong Kong . Ya kuma buga wa FC Seoul, Ulsan Hyundai Horangi da Busan I'Cons na ƙungiyar K ta Koriya ta Kudu . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 5aoxcq5fs13ehqrgk3p48polnvp945u 840540 840539 2026-05-27T19:27:46Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293342149|Victor Shaka]]" 840540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Shaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1975) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Tsohon kulob ɗinsa ya haɗa da Trabzonspor, [1] Happy Valley AA a Hong Kong . Ya kuma buga wa FC Seoul, Ulsan Hyundai Horangi da Busan I'Cons na ƙungiyar K ta Koriya ta Kudu .<ref>Last 10 years fiasco transfers in Turkey</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] l1i577c37tfjhs65khce0sainb31105 840541 840540 2026-05-27T19:28:03Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293342149|Victor Shaka]]" 840541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Shaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1975) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Tsohon kulob ɗinsa ya haɗa da Trabzonspor, [1] Happy Valley AA a Hong Kong . Ya kuma buga wa FC Seoul, Ulsan Hyundai Horangi da Busan I'Cons na ƙungiyar K ta Koriya ta Kudu .<ref>Last 10 years fiasco transfers in Turkey</ref> == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Victor Shaka – K League stats at kleague.com (in Korean and English) * {{NFT player|pid=22327}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 0qhqm6y34b63g8b41ebm49jfxj34ei3 840542 840541 2026-05-27T19:28:20Z Sardeeq 39275 840542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Victor Shaka''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1975) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Tsohon kulob ɗinsa ya haɗa da Trabzonspor, [1] Happy Valley AA a Hong Kong . Ya kuma buga wa FC Seoul, Ulsan Hyundai Horangi da Busan I'Cons na ƙungiyar K ta Koriya ta Kudu .<ref>Last 10 years fiasco transfers in Turkey</ref> == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Victor Shaka – K League stats at kleague.com (in Korean and English) * {{NFT player|pid=22327}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] jb9wj5w3e568omz56nhxiwvgd847nro 0 152331 840543 2026-05-27T19:29:52Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278664903|Isaac Semitoje]]" 840543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Semitoje''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1968) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni 21 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya daga 1990 zuwa 1999. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] n0kn7vera0dy0pafpb7b3kgxf5fsi1z 840544 840543 2026-05-27T19:31:16Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278664903|Isaac Semitoje]]" 840544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Semitoje''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1968) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni 21 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya daga 1990 zuwa 1999. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2]<ref>Isaac Semitoje". National Football Teams. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref><ref>African Nations Cup 1990 - Final Tournament Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] l5b9rg2mnh30st18gliygioikda29f1 840545 840544 2026-05-27T19:31:31Z Sardeeq 39275 840545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Isaac Semitoje''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1968) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya buga wasanni 21 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya daga 1990 zuwa 1999. [1] An kuma sanya shi cikin tawagar Najeriya don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1990. [2]<ref>Isaac Semitoje". National Football Teams. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref><ref>African Nations Cup 1990 - Final Tournament Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] sr47eow4aujs7aw8oephpp0rv5xto54 0 152332 840552 2026-05-27T19:35:24Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1264718193|Amusa Shittu]]" 840552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amusa Shittu''' (1937 - 13 Maris 2012) shi ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ta ƙasar Najeriya . == Sana'a == An haifi Shittu a [[Jos]], ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar Plateau United, Northern Region XI da ECN . <ref name="Kickoff">{{Cite web |last=Colin Udoh |date=13 March 2012 |title=Ex-Nigeria international Shittu passes on |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/27501/ex-nigeria-international-amusa-shittu-passes-on.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315044429/http://www.kickoff.com/news/27501/ex-nigeria-international-amusa-shittu-passes-on.php |archive-date=15 March 2012 |access-date=14 March 2012 |publisher=Kickoff.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 1960, [1] ya bayyana a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA. [2] Ya kuma bayyana a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Olympics. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] k8yobrz4qx6cvh4rvako7ajrh11jmge 840553 840552 2026-05-27T19:35:44Z Sardeeq 39275 840553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amusa Shittu''' (1937 - 13 Maris 2012) shi ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ta ƙasar Najeriya . == Sana'a == An haifi Shittu a [[Jos]], ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar Plateau United, Northern Region XI da ECN . <ref name="Kickoff">{{Cite web |last=Colin Udoh |date=13 March 2012 |title=Ex-Nigeria international Shittu passes on |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/27501/ex-nigeria-international-amusa-shittu-passes-on.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315044429/http://www.kickoff.com/news/27501/ex-nigeria-international-amusa-shittu-passes-on.php |archive-date=15 March 2012 |access-date=14 March 2012 |publisher=Kickoff.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 1960, [1] ya bayyana a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA. [2] Ya kuma bayyana a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Olympics. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] 496dew03cx5xl0185uvfs5j6u5bmfae 0 152333 840554 2026-05-27T19:36:25Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286421256|Jero Shakpoke]]" 840554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jero Shakpoke''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1979) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Tsakanin 1998 da 1999, ya buga wasanni shida ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] . == Sana'a == An haifi Shakpoke a [[Warri]], Najeriya. Ya koma ƙungiyar AC Siena ta Tuscan Serie A a watan Agusta na 2009 daga Rovigo Calcio kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu na dindindin. [1] [2] A cewar wata hira da Shakpoke da kansa ya fitar, zai bar Siena a jere don shiga ƙungiyar Belgium da ba a ambaci sunanta ba cikin 'yan kwanaki; [3] daga baya aka bayyana ƙungiyar a matsayin Royale Union Saint-Gilloise, [4] wanda Roberto Landi ɗan ƙasar Italiya ke jagoranta, a matsayin aro na kakar wasa. [5] [6] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ɗan Shakpoke, [[Ruben Shakpoke|Ruben]], ɗan wasan gaba ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruben Shakpoke |url=http://www.ex-canaries.co.uk/players/shakpoke.htm |access-date=15 December 2023 |publisher=Flown From The Nest}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 7p8l9d5z3vmcf4aaqzw1t34o8e2qq4a 840555 840554 2026-05-27T19:36:40Z Sardeeq 39275 840555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jero Shakpoke''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1979) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Tsakanin 1998 da 1999, ya buga wasanni shida ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] . == Sana'a == An haifi Shakpoke a [[Warri]], Najeriya. Ya koma ƙungiyar AC Siena ta Tuscan Serie A a watan Agusta na 2009 daga Rovigo Calcio kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu na dindindin. [1] [2] A cewar wata hira da Shakpoke da kansa ya fitar, zai bar Siena a jere don shiga ƙungiyar Belgium da ba a ambaci sunanta ba cikin 'yan kwanaki; [3] daga baya aka bayyana ƙungiyar a matsayin Royale Union Saint-Gilloise, [4] wanda Roberto Landi ɗan ƙasar Italiya ke jagoranta, a matsayin aro na kakar wasa. [5] [6] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ɗan Shakpoke, [[Ruben Shakpoke|Ruben]], ɗan wasan gaba ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruben Shakpoke |url=http://www.ex-canaries.co.uk/players/shakpoke.htm |access-date=15 December 2023 |publisher=Flown From The Nest}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] pndo909f381a3il5c6prv8k4rb93yhz 0 152334 840556 2026-05-27T19:40:27Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355929501|Pedro Pascal]]" 840556 wikitext text/x-wiki   Babban jikan Mateo de Toro Zambrano na bakwai, Pascal yana da alaƙa da dangin aristocratic Alessandri, Allende, da Balmaceda.<ref name="Koblin" /> Pascal babban dan uwansa Laura Allende ne, 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar'uwar Salvador Allende, Shugaban kasar Chile, kuma dan uwan Denise Pascal, dan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Socialist, da Andrés Pascal Allende, [[Kimiyar al'umma|Masanin ilimin zamantakewa]], tsohon Sakatare Janar na Movement of the Revolutionary Left kuma fitaccen memba na Chilean Resistance and Solidarity Movement . <ref name="CIDOC">{{Cite web |last=Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Finis Terrae |date=2023 |title=Registro de autoridad : Andrés Pascal Allende (1943 - ) |url=https://archivocidoc.uft.cl/index.php/andres-pascal-allende-1943 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Archivo CIDOC |publisher=Universidad Finis Terrae |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal, en su punto |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224073623/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=La Tercera}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin na ɗaukar ƙananan matsayi a kan mataki da talabijin, rawar da Pascal ya taka ya zama Oberyn Martell a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na HBO Game of Thrones (2014) kuma a matsayin Javier Peña a cikin jerin laifukan [[Netflix]] ''Narcos'' (2015-2017). Ya sami shahara a duniya saboda matsayinsa na [./The_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Mandalorian_(character)" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="The Mandalorian (character)">Din Djarin a cikin jerin almara na kimiyya na Disney+ + The Mandalorian (2019-2023) da Joel Miller a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO bayan apocalyptic The Last of Us (2023-yanzu), wanda ya ba shi suna don nuna siffofin uba. Ayyukansa a cikin The Last of Us ya ba shi kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta SAG don fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin fim, Pascal ta sami ƙarin karbuwa don fitowa a cikin Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Gladiator II (2024), Materialists da The Fantastic Four: First Steps (duka 2025). Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The Great Wall (2016), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), The Equalizer 2 (2018), da Triple Frontier (2019). Ya kuma samar da aikin murya don fim din mai rai The Wild Robot (2024). A kan mataki, Pascal ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. Ya fara bugawa Broadway a matsayin Edmund a cikin 2019 King Lear . == Rayuwa ta farko == José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal was born on April 2, 1975, in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]], Chile,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pedro Pascal Profile |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402214627/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |agency=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> to Verónica Pascal Ureta (1953–2000), a child psychologist, and José Balmaceda Riera (1948–), a reproductive endocrinologist.<ref name="Koblin">{{Cite web |last=Koblin |first=John |date=February 3, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal: Making It at 41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040531/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> Pascal has an older sister, film and television producer Javiera Balmaceda, a younger sister, actress Lux, and a younger brother.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2016 |title="Narcos" star Pedro Pascal on the mystery of Pablo Escobar's death |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascal |first=Pedro |date=April 10, 2019 |title=This is my brother, Nicolas. |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FBwE8pfHDb4Y%2F%3Fhl%3Den |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Lucas Balmaceda, el hermano del chileno de Game of Thrones que llegó a remecer Los 80 |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204523/https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |website=t13.cl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Pedro Pascal Sweetly Supports His Sister Lux After She Comes Out as a Trans Woman: 'Mi Corazón' |url=https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211212045/https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Tony |date=2025-06-03 |title=Nicole Clemens Hired to Head Amazon MGM's International Originals |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/nicole-clemens-amazon-mgm-international-originals-1236236198/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Pascal's paternal grandmother, Juanita Riera Bauzá, was born in [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], and was the sister of Fernando Riera, a professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|association football]] player and coach.<ref name="Dodge" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palma |first=Redacción |date=September 21, 2017 |title=El pasado mallorquín del agente Peña de Narcos |trans-title=The Mallorcan past of Agent Peña from Narcos |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530210555/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=[[Diario de Mallorca]] |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Pascal ya yi aiki tare da Nicolas Cage a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent . Masu sukar sun yaba da aikinsa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeFore |first=John |date=March 13, 2022 |title=Nicolas Cage in 'The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent': Film Review {{!}} SXSW 2022 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191536/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Wani yanayi inda halin Pascal ke kallon Cage mai tsananin fushi tare da murmushi a fuskarsa yayin tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin LSD zai haifar da wani meme na intanet akan [[TikTok]]. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai a cikin ban dariya lokacin da jam'iyyun biyu ke cikin rashin jituwa ko rikici da juna game da batun a cikin hanyar da ta wuce gona da iri, kuma an haɗa shi da waƙar [[Cass Elliot|Mama Cass]] ta 1969 "Make Your Own Kind of Music". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford |first=Kaitlin |date=March 6, 2023 |title=Where does the Pedro Pascal driving meme come from? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/where-does-pedro-pascal-driving-002024777.html |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaworski |first=Michelle |date=March 6, 2023 |title=This Pedro Pascal meme has taken over TikTok |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/pedro-pascal-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-mama-cass-meme/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Daily Dot]]}}</ref> Pascal kuma ya bayyana a cikin The Bubble, wasan kwaikwayo na satirical na Judd Apatow wanda ke bincika al'adun shahararrun mutane a cikin annobar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's 'The Bubble': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204031/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Da yake nazarin fim din don The AV Club, Luke Y. Thompson ya kira halin Pascal Dieter Bravo "mai lalata", kuma ya lura cewa halin "ƙaryacin 'ƙabilar' yana nuna abin da zai iya jimrewa akai-akai".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Y. Thompson |first=Luke |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's The Bubble traps fictional A-listers—and his audience—in a pandemic-era film production |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-bubble-review-judd-apatow-karen-gillan-pedro-pascal-1848713304 |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> An harbe shi a lokacin annobar COVID-19, fim din ya nuna ka'idojin da aka karɓa yayin yin fim saboda taron a matsayin "da gangan kadan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Adam |date=April 1, 2022 |title='The Bubble' Cast Explains How They Made a Pandemic Comedy During the Pandemic |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-bubble-netflix-movie-making-of-video/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din Miu Miu's Women's Tales, wanda Janicza Bravo ya jagoranta, mai taken House Comes With a Bird . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIU MIU WOMEN'S TALES SHORT FILM: 'HOUSE COMES WITH A BIRD' - CRASH Magazine |url=https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204032/https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=www.crash.fr}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, ya sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency . <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Peter |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Pedro Pascal Moves To CAA |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/pedro-pascal-caa-1235162533/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] czjzxxfcf3u6n7f63cm05lnl403sb0m 840557 840556 2026-05-27T19:41:12Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babban jikan Mateo de Toro Zambrano na bakwai, Pascal yana da alaƙa da dangin aristocratic Alessandri, Allende, da Balmaceda.<ref name="Koblin" /> Pascal babban dan uwansa Laura Allende ne, 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar'uwar Salvador Allende, Shugaban kasar Chile, kuma dan uwan Denise Pascal, dan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Socialist, da Andrés Pascal Allende, [[Kimiyar al'umma|Masanin ilimin zamantakewa]], tsohon Sakatare Janar na Movement of the Revolutionary Left kuma fitaccen memba na Chilean Resistance and Solidarity Movement . <ref name="CIDOC">{{Cite web |last=Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Finis Terrae |date=2023 |title=Registro de autoridad : Andrés Pascal Allende (1943 - ) |url=https://archivocidoc.uft.cl/index.php/andres-pascal-allende-1943 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Archivo CIDOC |publisher=Universidad Finis Terrae |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal, en su punto |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224073623/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=La Tercera}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin na ɗaukar ƙananan matsayi a kan mataki da talabijin, rawar da Pascal ya taka ya zama Oberyn Martell a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na HBO Game of Thrones (2014) kuma a matsayin Javier Peña a cikin jerin laifukan [[Netflix]] ''Narcos'' (2015-2017). Ya sami shahara a duniya saboda matsayinsa na [./The_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Mandalorian_(character)" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="The Mandalorian (character)">Din Djarin a cikin jerin almara na kimiyya na Disney+ + The Mandalorian (2019-2023) da Joel Miller a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO bayan apocalyptic The Last of Us (2023-yanzu), wanda ya ba shi suna don nuna siffofin uba. Ayyukansa a cikin The Last of Us ya ba shi kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta SAG don fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin fim, Pascal ta sami ƙarin karbuwa don fitowa a cikin Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Gladiator II (2024), Materialists da The Fantastic Four: First Steps (duka 2025). Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The Great Wall (2016), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), The Equalizer 2 (2018), da Triple Frontier (2019). Ya kuma samar da aikin murya don fim din mai rai The Wild Robot (2024). A kan mataki, Pascal ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. Ya fara bugawa Broadway a matsayin Edmund a cikin 2019 King Lear . == Rayuwa ta farko == José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal was born on April 2, 1975, in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]], Chile,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pedro Pascal Profile |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402214627/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |agency=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> to Verónica Pascal Ureta (1953–2000), a child psychologist, and José Balmaceda Riera (1948–), a reproductive endocrinologist.<ref name="Koblin">{{Cite web |last=Koblin |first=John |date=February 3, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal: Making It at 41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040531/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> Pascal has an older sister, film and television producer Javiera Balmaceda, a younger sister, actress Lux, and a younger brother.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2016 |title="Narcos" star Pedro Pascal on the mystery of Pablo Escobar's death |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascal |first=Pedro |date=April 10, 2019 |title=This is my brother, Nicolas. |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FBwE8pfHDb4Y%2F%3Fhl%3Den |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Lucas Balmaceda, el hermano del chileno de Game of Thrones que llegó a remecer Los 80 |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204523/https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |website=t13.cl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Pedro Pascal Sweetly Supports His Sister Lux After She Comes Out as a Trans Woman: 'Mi Corazón' |url=https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211212045/https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Tony |date=2025-06-03 |title=Nicole Clemens Hired to Head Amazon MGM's International Originals |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/nicole-clemens-amazon-mgm-international-originals-1236236198/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Pascal's paternal grandmother, Juanita Riera Bauzá, was born in [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], and was the sister of Fernando Riera, a professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|association football]] player and coach.<ref name="Dodge" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palma |first=Redacción |date=September 21, 2017 |title=El pasado mallorquín del agente Peña de Narcos |trans-title=The Mallorcan past of Agent Peña from Narcos |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530210555/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=[[Diario de Mallorca]] |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Pascal ya yi aiki tare da Nicolas Cage a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent . Masu sukar sun yaba da aikinsa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeFore |first=John |date=March 13, 2022 |title=Nicolas Cage in 'The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent': Film Review {{!}} SXSW 2022 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191536/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Wani yanayi inda halin Pascal ke kallon Cage mai tsananin fushi tare da murmushi a fuskarsa yayin tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin LSD zai haifar da wani meme na intanet akan [[TikTok]]. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai a cikin ban dariya lokacin da jam'iyyun biyu ke cikin rashin jituwa ko rikici da juna game da batun a cikin hanyar da ta wuce gona da iri, kuma an haɗa shi da waƙar [[Cass Elliot|Mama Cass]] ta 1969 "Make Your Own Kind of Music". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford |first=Kaitlin |date=March 6, 2023 |title=Where does the Pedro Pascal driving meme come from? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/where-does-pedro-pascal-driving-002024777.html |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaworski |first=Michelle |date=March 6, 2023 |title=This Pedro Pascal meme has taken over TikTok |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/pedro-pascal-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-mama-cass-meme/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Daily Dot]]}}</ref> Pascal kuma ya bayyana a cikin The Bubble, wasan kwaikwayo na satirical na Judd Apatow wanda ke bincika al'adun shahararrun mutane a cikin annobar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's 'The Bubble': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204031/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Da yake nazarin fim din don The AV Club, Luke Y. Thompson ya kira halin Pascal Dieter Bravo "mai lalata", kuma ya lura cewa halin "ƙaryacin 'ƙabilar' yana nuna abin da zai iya jimrewa akai-akai".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Y. Thompson |first=Luke |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's The Bubble traps fictional A-listers—and his audience—in a pandemic-era film production |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-bubble-review-judd-apatow-karen-gillan-pedro-pascal-1848713304 |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> An harbe shi a lokacin annobar COVID-19, fim din ya nuna ka'idojin da aka karɓa yayin yin fim saboda taron a matsayin "da gangan kadan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Adam |date=April 1, 2022 |title='The Bubble' Cast Explains How They Made a Pandemic Comedy During the Pandemic |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-bubble-netflix-movie-making-of-video/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din Miu Miu's Women's Tales, wanda Janicza Bravo ya jagoranta, mai taken House Comes With a Bird . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIU MIU WOMEN'S TALES SHORT FILM: 'HOUSE COMES WITH A BIRD' - CRASH Magazine |url=https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204032/https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=www.crash.fr}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, ya sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency . <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Peter |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Pedro Pascal Moves To CAA |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/pedro-pascal-caa-1235162533/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] fn2wrr682d0h7mopdxzwit8w8x0fqb3 840559 840557 2026-05-27T19:45:23Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babban jikan Mateo de Toro Zambrano na bakwai, Pascal yana da alaƙa da dangin aristocratic Alessandri, Allende, da Balmaceda.<ref name="Koblin" /> Pascal babban dan uwansa Laura Allende ne, 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar'uwar Salvador Allende, Shugaban kasar Chile, kuma dan uwan Denise Pascal, dan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Socialist, da Andrés Pascal Allende, [[Kimiyar al'umma|Masanin ilimin zamantakewa]], tsohon Sakatare Janar na Movement of the Revolutionary Left kuma fitaccen memba na Chilean Resistance and Solidarity Movement . <ref name="CIDOC">{{Cite web |last=Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Finis Terrae |date=2023 |title=Registro de autoridad : Andrés Pascal Allende (1943 - ) |url=https://archivocidoc.uft.cl/index.php/andres-pascal-allende-1943 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Archivo CIDOC |publisher=Universidad Finis Terrae |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal, en su punto |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224073623/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=La Tercera}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin na ɗaukar ƙananan matsayi a kan mataki da talabijin, rawar da Pascal ya taka ya zama Oberyn Martell a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na HBO Game of Thrones (2014) kuma a matsayin Javier Peña a cikin jerin laifukan [[Netflix]] ''Narcos'' (2015-2017). Ya sami shahara a duniya saboda matsayinsa na [./The_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Mandalorian_(character)" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="The Mandalorian (character)">Din Djarin a cikin jerin almara na kimiyya na Disney+ + The Mandalorian (2019-2023) da Joel Miller a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO bayan apocalyptic The Last of Us (2023-yanzu), wanda ya ba shi suna don nuna siffofin uba. Ayyukansa a cikin The Last of Us ya ba shi kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta SAG don fitaccen ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin fim, Pascal ta sami ƙarin karbuwa don fitowa a cikin Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Gladiator II (2024), Materialists da The Fantastic Four: First Steps (duka 2025). Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The Great Wall (2016), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), The Equalizer 2 (2018), da Triple Frontier (2019). Ya kuma samar da aikin murya don fim din mai rai The Wild Robot (2024). A kan mataki, Pascal ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. Ya fara bugawa Broadway a matsayin Edmund a cikin 2019 King Lear . == Rayuwa ta farko == José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal was born on April 2, 1975, in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]], Chile,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pedro Pascal Profile |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402214627/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |agency=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> to Verónica Pascal Ureta (1953–2000), a child psychologist, and José Balmaceda Riera (1948–), a reproductive endocrinologist.<ref name="Koblin">{{Cite web |last=Koblin |first=John |date=February 3, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal: Making It at 41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040531/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> Pascal has an older sister, film and television producer Javiera Balmaceda, a younger sister, actress Lux, and a younger brother.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2016 |title="Narcos" star Pedro Pascal on the mystery of Pablo Escobar's death |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascal |first=Pedro |date=April 10, 2019 |title=This is my brother, Nicolas. |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FBwE8pfHDb4Y%2F%3Fhl%3Den |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Lucas Balmaceda, el hermano del chileno de Game of Thrones que llegó a remecer Los 80 |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204523/https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |website=t13.cl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Pedro Pascal Sweetly Supports His Sister Lux After She Comes Out as a Trans Woman: 'Mi Corazón' |url=https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211212045/https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Tony |date=2025-06-03 |title=Nicole Clemens Hired to Head Amazon MGM's International Originals |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/nicole-clemens-amazon-mgm-international-originals-1236236198/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Pascal's paternal grandmother, Juanita Riera Bauzá, was born in [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], and was the sister of Fernando Riera, a professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|association football]] player and coach.<ref name="Dodge" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palma |first=Redacción |date=September 21, 2017 |title=El pasado mallorquín del agente Peña de Narcos |trans-title=The Mallorcan past of Agent Peña from Narcos |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530210555/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=[[Diario de Mallorca]] |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Pascal ya yi aiki tare da Nicolas Cage a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent . Masu sukar sun yaba da aikinsa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeFore |first=John |date=March 13, 2022 |title=Nicolas Cage in 'The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent': Film Review {{!}} SXSW 2022 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191536/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Wani yanayi inda halin Pascal ke kallon Cage mai tsananin fushi tare da murmushi a fuskarsa yayin tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin LSD zai haifar da wani meme na intanet akan [[TikTok]]. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai a cikin ban dariya lokacin da jam'iyyun biyu ke cikin rashin jituwa ko rikici da juna game da batun a cikin hanyar da ta wuce gona da iri, kuma an haɗa shi da waƙar [[Cass Elliot|Mama Cass]] ta 1969 "Make Your Own Kind of Music". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford |first=Kaitlin |date=March 6, 2023 |title=Where does the Pedro Pascal driving meme come from? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/where-does-pedro-pascal-driving-002024777.html |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaworski |first=Michelle |date=March 6, 2023 |title=This Pedro Pascal meme has taken over TikTok |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/pedro-pascal-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-mama-cass-meme/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Daily Dot]]}}</ref> Pascal kuma ya bayyana a cikin The Bubble, wasan kwaikwayo na satirical na Judd Apatow wanda ke bincika al'adun shahararrun mutane a cikin annobar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's 'The Bubble': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204031/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Da yake nazarin fim din don The AV Club, Luke Y. Thompson ya kira halin Pascal Dieter Bravo "mai lalata", kuma ya lura cewa halin "ƙaryacin 'ƙabilar' yana nuna abin da zai iya jimrewa akai-akai".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Y. Thompson |first=Luke |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's The Bubble traps fictional A-listers—and his audience—in a pandemic-era film production |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-bubble-review-judd-apatow-karen-gillan-pedro-pascal-1848713304 |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> An harbe shi a lokacin annobar COVID-19, fim din ya nuna ka'idojin da aka karɓa yayin yin fim saboda taron a matsayin "da gangan kadan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Adam |date=April 1, 2022 |title='The Bubble' Cast Explains How They Made a Pandemic Comedy During the Pandemic |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-bubble-netflix-movie-making-of-video/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din Miu Miu's Women's Tales, wanda Janicza Bravo ya jagoranta, mai taken House Comes With a Bird . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIU MIU WOMEN'S TALES SHORT FILM: 'HOUSE COMES WITH A BIRD' - CRASH Magazine |url=https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204032/https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=www.crash.fr}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, ya sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency . <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Peter |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Pedro Pascal Moves To CAA |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/pedro-pascal-caa-1235162533/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 7w4jqbj1wqtboxh77yp7gahefjqy0gu 840560 840559 2026-05-27T19:49:11Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babban jikan Mateo de Toro Zambrano na bakwai, Pascal yana da alaƙa da dangin aristocratic Alessandri, Allende, da Balmaceda.<ref name="Koblin" /> Pascal babban dan uwansa Laura Allende ne, 'yar siyasa kuma 'yar'uwar Salvador Allende, Shugaban kasar Chile, kuma dan uwan Denise Pascal, dan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Socialist, da Andrés Pascal Allende, [[Kimiyar al'umma|Masanin ilimin zamantakewa]], tsohon Sakatare Janar na Movement of the Revolutionary Left kuma fitaccen memba na Chilean Resistance and Solidarity Movement . <ref name="CIDOC">{{Cite web |last=Centro de Investigación y Documentación, Universidad Finis Terrae |date=2023 |title=Registro de autoridad : Andrés Pascal Allende (1943 - ) |url=https://archivocidoc.uft.cl/index.php/andres-pascal-allende-1943 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Archivo CIDOC |publisher=Universidad Finis Terrae |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal, en su punto |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224073623/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/pedro-pascal-punto/ |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=La Tercera}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru ashirin na ɗaukar ƙananan matsayi a kan mataki da [[talabijin]], rawar da Pascal ya taka ya zama Oberyn Martell a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na HBO Game of Thrones (2014) kuma a matsayin Javier Peña a cikin jerin laifukan [[Netflix]] ''Narcos'' (2015-2017). Ya sami shahara a duniya saboda matsayinsa na [./The_&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Mandalorian_(character)" id="mwLw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="The Mandalorian (character)">Din Djarin a cikin jerin almara na kimiyya na Disney+ + The Mandalorian (2019-2023) da Joel Miller a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO bayan apocalyptic The Last of Us (2023-yanzu), wanda ya ba shi suna don nuna siffofin uba. Ayyukansa a cikin The Last of Us ya ba shi kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta SAG don fitaccen ɗan [[wasan kwaikwayo]] a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin fim, Pascal ta sami ƙarin karbuwa don fitowa a cikin Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Gladiator II (2024), Materialists da The Fantastic Four: First Steps (duka 2025). Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The Great Wall (2016), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), The Equalizer 2 (2018), da Triple Frontier (2019). Ya kuma samar da aikin murya don [[fim]] din mai rai The Wild Robot (2024). A kan mataki, Pascal ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. Ya fara bugawa Broadway a matsayin Edmund a cikin 2019 King Lear . == Rayuwa ta farko == José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal was born on April 2, 1975, in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]], Chile,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pedro Pascal Profile |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402214627/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/pedro_pascal |archive-date=April 2, 2022 |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |agency=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> to Verónica Pascal Ureta (1953–2000), a child psychologist, and José Balmaceda Riera (1948–), a reproductive endocrinologist.<ref name="Koblin">{{Cite web |last=Koblin |first=John |date=February 3, 2017 |title=Pedro Pascal: Making It at 41 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040531/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/fashion/mens-style/pedro-pascal-great-wall-game-of-thrones-narcos-late-success.html |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> Pascal has an older sister, film and television producer Javiera Balmaceda, a younger sister, actress Lux, and a younger brother.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2016 |title="Narcos" star Pedro Pascal on the mystery of Pablo Escobar's death |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229040511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HC5G0bsSQtw |archive-date=December 29, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascal |first=Pedro |date=April 10, 2019 |title=This is my brother, Nicolas. |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FBwE8pfHDb4Y%2F%3Fhl%3Den |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Lucas Balmaceda, el hermano del chileno de Game of Thrones que llegó a remecer Los 80 |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204523/https://www.t13.cl/noticia/entretencion/Lucas-Balmaceda-el-hermano-del-chileno-de-Game-of-Thrones-que-llego-a-remecer-Los-80 |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |website=t13.cl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Russian |first=Ale |date=February 9, 2021 |title=Pedro Pascal Sweetly Supports His Sister Lux After She Comes Out as a Trans Woman: 'Mi Corazón' |url=https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211212045/https://people.com/movies/pedro-pascal-supports-sister-lux-comes-out-trans-woman/ |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |access-date=February 12, 2021 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Tony |date=2025-06-03 |title=Nicole Clemens Hired to Head Amazon MGM's International Originals |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/nicole-clemens-amazon-mgm-international-originals-1236236198/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Pascal's paternal grandmother, Juanita Riera Bauzá, was born in [[Palma de Mayorka|Palma de Mallorca]], and was the sister of Fernando Riera, a professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|association football]] player and coach.<ref name="Dodge" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palma |first=Redacción |date=September 21, 2017 |title=El pasado mallorquín del agente Peña de Narcos |trans-title=The Mallorcan past of Agent Peña from Narcos |url=https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530210555/https://www.diariodemallorca.es/sociedad/2017/09/21/pasado-mallorquin-agente-pena-narcos-3343743.html |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=[[Diario de Mallorca]] |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Pascal ya yi aiki tare da Nicolas Cage a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent . Masu sukar sun yaba da aikinsa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeFore |first=John |date=March 13, 2022 |title=Nicolas Cage in 'The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent': Film Review {{!}} SXSW 2022 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191536/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/nicolas-cage-in-the-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-film-sxsw-2022-1235110212/ |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |access-date=April 15, 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Wani yanayi inda halin Pascal ke kallon Cage mai tsananin fushi tare da murmushi a fuskarsa yayin tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin LSD zai haifar da wani meme na intanet akan [[TikTok]]. Ana amfani dashi akai-akai a cikin ban dariya lokacin da jam'iyyun biyu ke cikin rashin jituwa ko rikici da juna game da batun a cikin hanyar da ta wuce gona da iri, kuma an haɗa shi da waƙar [[Cass Elliot|Mama Cass]] ta 1969 "Make Your Own Kind of Music". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford |first=Kaitlin |date=March 6, 2023 |title=Where does the Pedro Pascal driving meme come from? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/where-does-pedro-pascal-driving-002024777.html |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaworski |first=Michelle |date=March 6, 2023 |title=This Pedro Pascal meme has taken over TikTok |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/pedro-pascal-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-mama-cass-meme/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[Daily Dot]]}}</ref> Pascal kuma ya bayyana a cikin The Bubble, wasan kwaikwayo na satirical na Judd Apatow wanda ke bincika al'adun shahararrun mutane a cikin annobar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |date=April 1, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's 'The Bubble': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204031/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/the-bubble-judd-apatow-netflix-1235122165/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> Da yake nazarin fim din don The AV Club, Luke Y. Thompson ya kira halin Pascal Dieter Bravo "mai lalata", kuma ya lura cewa halin "ƙaryacin 'ƙabilar' yana nuna abin da zai iya jimrewa akai-akai".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Y. Thompson |first=Luke |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Judd Apatow's The Bubble traps fictional A-listers—and his audience—in a pandemic-era film production |url=https://www.avclub.com/the-bubble-review-judd-apatow-karen-gillan-pedro-pascal-1848713304 |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> An harbe shi a lokacin annobar COVID-19, fim din ya nuna ka'idojin da aka karɓa yayin yin fim saboda taron a matsayin "da gangan kadan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Adam |date=April 1, 2022 |title='The Bubble' Cast Explains How They Made a Pandemic Comedy During the Pandemic |url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-bubble-netflix-movie-making-of-video/ |access-date=June 23, 2024 |website=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> Ya fito a cikin gajeren fim din Miu Miu's Women's Tales, wanda Janicza Bravo ya jagoranta, mai taken House Comes With a Bird . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIU MIU WOMEN'S TALES SHORT FILM: 'HOUSE COMES WITH A BIRD' - CRASH Magazine |url=https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713204032/https://www.crash.fr/miu-miu-womens-tales-short-film-house-comes-with-a-bird/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=July 13, 2023 |website=www.crash.fr}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, ya sanya hannu tare da Creative Artists Agency . <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Peter |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Pedro Pascal Moves To CAA |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/pedro-pascal-caa-1235162533/ |access-date=September 14, 2024 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 13147u1brbxy211k4vkv6nb36gt91ag 0 152335 840564 2026-05-27T19:56:33Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | suna = Lagos Railways | cikakken_suna = Lagos Railways Football Club | kafa = | rushe = | gari = [[Lagos]], Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | gasar = | filin_wasa = }} '''Lagos Railways''' tsohuwar kungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Lagos]], Najeriya, wadda ta kasance daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a farkon tarihin wasan ƙwallo a Najeriya. Kungiyar ta yi fice musamman a gasar kofin Najeriya tun kafin samun ’yancin kai, kuma ana kallonta a... 840564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | suna = Lagos Railways | cikakken_suna = Lagos Railways Football Club | kafa = | rushe = | gari = [[Lagos]], Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | gasar = | filin_wasa = }} '''Lagos Railways''' tsohuwar kungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Lagos]], Najeriya, wadda ta kasance daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a farkon tarihin wasan ƙwallo a Najeriya. Kungiyar ta yi fice musamman a gasar kofin Najeriya tun kafin samun ’yancin kai, kuma ana kallonta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://a.osmarks.net/content/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2020-08/A/AITEO_Cup |title=AITEO Cup |website=Wikipedia mirror |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar Lagos Railways ta samu nasarori masu yawa a gasar '''Nigeria Challenge Cup''' (wanda yanzu ake kira Federation Cup). Rahotanni sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta lashe kofin har sau bakwai, abin da ya sanya ta cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi cin kofin a tarihin Najeriya. Daga cikin shekarun da ta lashe kofin akwai 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1956, 1957 da kuma 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup – Performance by club |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://africafootunited.com/coupe-du-nigeria-historique-palmares-tout-savoir-sur-la-competition/ |title=Coupe du Nigéria : Historique, palmarès |website=Africa Foot United |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == 81y24lcufmveknetv2yhb8weq3ujflj 840565 840564 2026-05-27T19:57:56Z Saad Nuhu 43323 840565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | suna = Lagos Railways | cikakken_suna = Lagos Railways Football Club | kafa = | rushe = | gari = [[Lagos]], Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | gasar = | filin_wasa = }} '''Lagos Railways''' tsohuwar kungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Lagos]], Najeriya, wadda ta kasance daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a farkon tarihin wasan ƙwallo a Najeriya. Kungiyar ta yi fice musamman a gasar kofin Najeriya tun kafin samun ’yancin kai, kuma ana kallonta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://a.osmarks.net/content/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2020-08/A/AITEO_Cup |title=AITEO Cup |website=Wikipedia mirror |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar Lagos Railways ta samu nasarori masu yawa a gasar '''Nigeria Challenge Cup''' (wanda yanzu ake kira Federation Cup). Rahotanni sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta lashe kofin har sau bakwai, abin da ya sanya ta cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi cin kofin a tarihin Najeriya. Daga cikin shekarun da ta lashe kofin akwai 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1956, 1957 da kuma 1964.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup – Performance by club |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://africafootunited.com/coupe-du-nigeria-historique-palmares-tout-savoir-sur-la-competition/ |title=Coupe du Nigéria : Historique, palmarès |website=Africa Foot United |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarun farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, Lagos Railways ta kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka mamaye wasan ƙwallo musamman a yankin Lagos. Kungiyar ta samo asali ne daga ma’aikatan hukumar layin dogo ta Najeriya, lamarin da ya sa ake danganta ta da ma’aikatan jirgin ƙasa da harkokin sufuri na lokacin mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_de_Nigeria |title=Copa de Nigeria |website=Wikipedia en Español |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> Lagos Railways ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fitattun ’yan wasan Najeriya a shekarun 1950 da 1960. Daya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan da suka buga wa kungiyar wasa shi ne '''Asuquo Ekpe''', wanda daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan tawagar Najeriya. Har ila yau, rahotanni sun nuna cewa fitaccen ɗan wasan Najeriya '''Titus Okere''' ya taɓa bugawa kungiyar kafin ya koma ƙasar Ingila domin bugawa kungiyar Swindon Town.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuquo_Ekpe |title=Asuquo Ekpe |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/from-lagos-to-london-how-nigerian-footballers-are-taking-over-european-leagues-2025022617150229410 |title=From Lagos to London: How Nigerian Footballers Are Taking Over European Leagues |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> Duk da irin tarihin da kungiyar ta yi a Najeriya, daga baya Lagos Railways ta daina kasancewa cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙasar, kuma yanzu ana kallonta a matsayin tsohuwar kungiyar tarihi a wasan ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da ambaton kungiyar a tarihin Federation Cup saboda irin nasarorin da ta samu a farkon tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thepodiummedia.com/stationery-stores-of-lagos-the-oldest-surviving-football-club-in-nigeria/ |title=Stationery Stores of Lagos: The Oldest Surviving Football Club in Nigeria |website=The Podium Media |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ikorodu-city-make-history-becomes-10th-lagos-based-club-promoted-to-npfl-2024061307204908508 |title=Ikorodu City make history becomes 10th Lagos-based club promoted to NPFL |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> == Nasarori == * '''Nigeria Challenge Cup / Federation Cup''' ** Zakara: 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1956, 1957, 1964<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup |website=Wikipedia |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> == Fitattun ’yan wasa == * [[Asuquo Ekpe]] * Titus Okere<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/from-lagos-to-london-how-nigerian-footballers-are-taking-over-european-leagues-2025022617150229410 |title=From Lagos to London |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |access-date=27 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Lagos]] [[Category:Tsofaffin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa]] ```0 l4jxli2bspltyyju2kz90anjt8yryw7 0 152336 840567 2026-05-27T19:59:59Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Marine F.C. | fullname = Marine Football Club | nickname = The Mariners | founded = 1894 | ground = Rossett Park | capacity = 3,000+ | league = National League North | country = Ingila }} '''Marine Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ingila da ke garin Crosby, Merseyside. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1894 kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa masu zaman kansu a yankin arewacin Ingila. Ƙungiyar ta shah... 840567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Marine F.C. | fullname = Marine Football Club | nickname = The Mariners | founded = 1894 | ground = Rossett Park | capacity = 3,000+ | league = National League North | country = Ingila }} '''Marine Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ingila da ke garin Crosby, Merseyside. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1894 kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa masu zaman kansu a yankin arewacin Ingila. Ƙungiyar ta shahara sosai a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda wasan sada zumunci da ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> A shekarar 1949, tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya ta kai rangadi zuwa Birtaniya domin buga wasannin sada zumunci da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Wasan farko da tawagar Najeriya ta buga shi ne da Marine F.C. a filin Rossett Park da ke Liverpool. Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 5–2 duk da cewa yawancin ‘yan wasan sun buga wasan ba tare da takalma ba, abin da ya ba mutane mamaki a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Wannan wasa tsakanin Marine F.C. da Najeriya ya kafa tarihin yawan masu kallo a filin Rossett Park na tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Rahotanni daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila sun nuna cewa kusan mutane 6,000 ne suka halarci wasan, wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun lokuta a tarihin kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/1949-fa-news-bulletin-changes-attendance-record-for-marine-2484054.html |title=1949 FA News Bulletin Changes Attendance Record for Marine |website=Marine FC Official Website |date=2019-11-06 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa tawagar Najeriya ta isa Liverpool ne ta jirgin ruwa mai suna ''MV Apapa'' bayan tafiyar kusan makonni biyu daga Lagos. Daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci wannan rangadi akwai Teslim Balogun, Titus Okere da Etim Henshaw. Wannan rangadi ya taimaka wajen kara shahara da bunkasar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2020/10/12/this-day-in-history-first-nigeria-national-football-team-returns-home/ |title=This Day In History: First Nigeria National Football Team Returns Home |work=Sports Village Square |date=2020-10-12 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Marine F.C. ta ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin sanannun kungiyoyin ƙananan rukuni a Ingila. Kungiyar ta samu karin farin jini a shekarar 2021 lokacin da ta kara da Tottenham Hotspur a gasar FA Cup, wasan da ya jawo hankalin duniya baki daya saboda bambancin matakin kungiyoyin biyu.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Tarihi == Marine F.C. ta fara ne a matsayin kungiyar matasa a yankin Crosby da ke Merseyside. Kungiyar ta samu nasarori masu yawa a gasannin yankin arewacin Ingila tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta taba kaiwa wasan karshe na FA Amateur Cup a shekarar 1932.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Dangantaka da Najeriya == Wasan da Marine F.C. ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949 ana kallonsa a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman lokuta a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya. Hotuna da bidiyon wasan sun kasance daga cikin tsoffin bayanan tarihi da suka nuna yadda ‘yan wasan Najeriya suka taka rawar gani a duniya tun kafin samun ‘yancin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/dulwichhamlet/news/british-film-institute-releases-historic-film-of-dulwich-hamlet-taking-on-nigeria-in-1949-1538374.html |title=British Film Institute Releases Historic Film of Dulwich Hamlet Taking on Nigeria in 1949 |website=Dulwich Hamlet FC |date=2015-12-09 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] * [[Teslim Balogun]] * [[FA Cup]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1894]] {{Infobox football club | clubname = Marine F.C. | fullname = Marine Football Club | nickname = The Mariners | founded = 1894 | ground = Rossett Park | capacity = 3,000+ | league = National League North | country = Ingila }} '''Marine Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ingila da ke garin Crosby, Merseyside. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1894 kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa masu zaman kansu a yankin arewacin Ingila. Ƙungiyar ta shahara sosai a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda wasan sada zumunci da ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> A shekarar 1949, tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya ta kai rangadi zuwa Birtaniya domin buga wasannin sada zumunci da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Wasan farko da tawagar Najeriya ta buga shi ne da Marine F.C. a filin Rossett Park da ke Liverpool. Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 5–2 duk da cewa yawancin ‘yan wasan sun buga wasan ba tare da takalma ba, abin da ya ba mutane mamaki a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Wannan wasa tsakanin Marine F.C. da Najeriya ya kafa tarihin yawan masu kallo a filin Rossett Park na tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Rahotanni daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila sun nuna cewa kusan mutane 6,000 ne suka halarci wasan, wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun lokuta a tarihin kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/1949-fa-news-bulletin-changes-attendance-record-for-marine-2484054.html |title=1949 FA News Bulletin Changes Attendance Record for Marine |website=Marine FC Official Website |date=2019-11-06 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa tawagar Najeriya ta isa Liverpool ne ta jirgin ruwa mai suna ''MV Apapa'' bayan tafiyar kusan makonni biyu daga Lagos. Daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci wannan rangadi akwai Teslim Balogun, Titus Okere da Etim Henshaw. Wannan rangadi ya taimaka wajen kara shahara da bunkasar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2020/10/12/this-day-in-history-first-nigeria-national-football-team-returns-home/ |title=This Day In History: First Nigeria National Football Team Returns Home |work=Sports Village Square |date=2020-10-12 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Marine F.C. ta ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin sanannun kungiyoyin ƙananan rukuni a Ingila. Kungiyar ta samu karin farin jini a shekarar 2021 lokacin da ta kara da Tottenham Hotspur a gasar FA Cup, wasan da ya jawo hankalin duniya baki daya saboda bambancin matakin kungiyoyin biyu.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Tarihi == Marine F.C. ta fara ne a matsayin kungiyar matasa a yankin Crosby da ke Merseyside. Kungiyar ta samu nasarori masu yawa a gasannin yankin arewacin Ingila tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta taba kaiwa wasan karshe na FA Amateur Cup a shekarar 1932.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Dangantaka da Najeriya == Wasan da Marine F.C. ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949 ana kallonsa a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman lokuta a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya. Hotuna da bidiyon wasan sun kasance daga cikin tsoffin bayanan tarihi da suka nuna yadda ‘yan wasan Najeriya suka taka rawar gani a duniya tun kafin samun ‘yancin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/dulwichhamlet/news/british-film-institute-releases-historic-film-of-dulwich-hamlet-taking-on-nigeria-in-1949-1538374.html |title=British Film Institute Releases Historic Film of Dulwich Hamlet Taking on Nigeria in 1949 |website=Dulwich Hamlet FC |date=2015-12-09 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] * [[Teslim Balogun]] * [[FA Cup]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1894]] 4tebbnpzv4jlvmq5o0tabfvdjwevra8 840568 840567 2026-05-27T20:01:28Z Saad Nuhu 43323 840568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Marine F.C. | fullname = Marine Football Club | nickname = The Mariners | founded = 1894 | ground = Rossett Park | capacity = 3,000+ | league = National League North | country = Ingila }} '''Marine Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ingila da ke garin Crosby, Merseyside. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1894 kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa masu zaman kansu a yankin arewacin Ingila. Ƙungiyar ta shahara sosai a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda wasan sada zumunci da ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> A shekarar 1949, tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya ta kai rangadi zuwa Birtaniya domin buga wasannin sada zumunci da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Wasan farko da tawagar Najeriya ta buga shi ne da Marine F.C. a filin Rossett Park da ke Liverpool. Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 5–2 duk da cewa yawancin ‘yan wasan sun buga wasan ba tare da takalma ba, abin da ya ba mutane mamaki a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Wannan wasa tsakanin Marine F.C. da Najeriya ya kafa tarihin yawan masu kallo a filin Rossett Park na tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Rahotanni daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila sun nuna cewa kusan mutane 6,000 ne suka halarci wasan, wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun lokuta a tarihin kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/1949-fa-news-bulletin-changes-attendance-record-for-marine-2484054.html |title=1949 FA News Bulletin Changes Attendance Record for Marine |website=Marine FC Official Website |date=2019-11-06 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa tawagar Najeriya ta isa Liverpool ne ta jirgin ruwa mai suna ''MV Apapa'' bayan tafiyar kusan makonni biyu daga Lagos. Daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya da suka halarci wannan rangadi akwai Teslim Balogun, Titus Okere da Etim Henshaw. Wannan rangadi ya taimaka wajen kara shahara da bunkasar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2020/10/12/this-day-in-history-first-nigeria-national-football-team-returns-home/ |title=This Day In History: First Nigeria National Football Team Returns Home |work=Sports Village Square |date=2020-10-12 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Marine F.C. ta ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin sanannun kungiyoyin ƙananan rukuni a Ingila. Kungiyar ta samu karin farin jini a shekarar 2021 lokacin da ta kara da Tottenham Hotspur a gasar FA Cup, wasan da ya jawo hankalin duniya baki daya saboda bambancin matakin kungiyoyin biyu.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/remembering-the-nigerian-team-that-made-history-at-marine-fc.html |title=Remembering The Nigerian Team That Made History At Marine FC |work=Soccernet.ng |date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Tarihi == Marine F.C. ta fara ne a matsayin kungiyar matasa a yankin Crosby da ke Merseyside. Kungiyar ta samu nasarori masu yawa a gasannin yankin arewacin Ingila tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Har ila yau, kungiyar ta taba kaiwa wasan karshe na FA Amateur Cup a shekarar 1932.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mickleoverfc.com/team/marine-fc/ |title=Marine – Mickleover Football Club |website=Mickleover FC |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Dangantaka da Najeriya == Wasan da Marine F.C. ta buga da tawagar Najeriya a shekarar 1949 ana kallonsa a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman lokuta a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya. Hotuna da bidiyon wasan sun kasance daga cikin tsoffin bayanan tarihi da suka nuna yadda ‘yan wasan Najeriya suka taka rawar gani a duniya tun kafin samun ‘yancin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pitchero.com/clubs/dulwichhamlet/news/british-film-institute-releases-historic-film-of-dulwich-hamlet-taking-on-nigeria-in-1949-1538374.html |title=British Film Institute Releases Historic Film of Dulwich Hamlet Taking on Nigeria in 1949 |website=Dulwich Hamlet FC |date=2015-12-09 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] * [[Teslim Balogun]] * [[FA Cup]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Tarihin ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1894]] j6ggcayk1gj676lshm3olg468q1hwil 0 152337 840569 2026-05-27T20:06:59Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | suna = Lagos UAC FC | cikakken_suna = Lagos UAC Football Club | ƙasa = Najeriya | birni = [[Lagos]] | gasar = Gasannin cikin gida na Najeriya | mallaka = United Africa Company of Nigeria (UAC) }} '''Lagos UAC FC''' tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Lagos]], a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a farkon tarihin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, musamman a shekarun farko bayan samun... 840569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | suna = Lagos UAC FC | cikakken_suna = Lagos UAC Football Club | ƙasa = Najeriya | birni = [[Lagos]] | gasar = Gasannin cikin gida na Najeriya | mallaka = United Africa Company of Nigeria (UAC) }} '''Lagos UAC FC''' tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Lagos]], a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a farkon tarihin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, musamman a shekarun farko bayan samun ‘yancin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nigcuphist.html |title=Nigeria Cup Winners |website=RSSSF |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta samu babban nasara ne bayan lashe kofin '''Nigeria Federation Cup''' (wanda a lokacin ake kira Governor’s Cup ko Challenge Cup) a shekarar 1950. Wannan nasara ta sanya Lagos UAC FC cikin jerin kungiyoyin farko da suka lashe manyan kofunan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Federation_Cup |title=Nigeria Federation Cup |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> An danganta ƙungiyar da kamfanin '''United Africa Company of Nigeria (UAC)''', wani babban kamfani da ya kasance cikin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci a Najeriya tun zamanin mulkin mallaka. UAC ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkokin kasuwanci da wasu ayyukan zamantakewa a Najeriya, ciki har da tallafawa wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uacnplc.com/about-us/ |title=About UAC |website=UAC Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> A tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na jihar Lagos, Lagos UAC FC na daga cikin tsoffin kungiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen kafa tushen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a birnin. Kungiyoyin Lagos sun kasance masu muhimmanci wajen haɓaka gasannin cikin gida da samar da ‘yan wasa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ikorodu-city-make-history-becomes-10th-lagos-based-club-promoted-to-npfl-2024061307204908508 |title=Ikorodu City make history becomes 10th Lagos-based club promoted to NPFL |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Federation Cup]] * [[Lagos]] * [[United Africa Company of Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Lagos]] [[Category:Tsofaffin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa]] fzz056vefr6k41dfi2dz05rvdku6lhq 0 152338 840570 2026-05-27T20:10:22Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Lagos PAN Bank | fullname = Lagos PAN Bank Football Club | founded = — | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Tsohuwar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya }} '''Lagos PAN Bank Football Club''' tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ta kasance a birnin [[Lagos]], a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a farkon shekarun ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya kafin kafuwar tsarin gasar zamani ta ƙa... 840570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Lagos PAN Bank | fullname = Lagos PAN Bank Football Club | founded = — | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Tsohuwar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya }} '''Lagos PAN Bank Football Club''' tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ta kasance a birnin [[Lagos]], a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a farkon shekarun ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya kafin kafuwar tsarin gasar zamani ta ƙasar. Bayanai daga tsofaffin kundin tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta yi fice musamman a shekarun 1950.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/club/34936/0/Lagos_Pan_Bank.html |title=Lagos Pan Bank |website=National Football Teams |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An danganta ƙungiyar da cibiyar banki mai suna “PAN Bank”, kamar yadda wasu tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin Najeriya suke da alaƙa da manyan kamfanoni da cibiyoyin gwamnati a wancan lokaci. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, ƙungiyoyin da bankuna da hukumomi suka kafa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Lagos da sauran sassan Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/2026-2027-npfl-lagos-derbies-return-as-ikorodu-city-inter-lagos-sporting-lagos-reignite-rivalry/ |title=2026/2027 NPFL: Lagos derbies return as Ikorodu City, Inter Lagos, Sporting Lagos reignite rivalry |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=26 Afrilu 2026 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Tarihin ƙungiyar ya nuna cewa ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fafata a tsoffin gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya kafin kafa gasar ƙwararru ta kasa. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta bayyana a tarihin gasar shekarar 1952 da kuma shekarar 1955, lamarin da ke nuna cewa tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko-farko na ƙwallon ƙafa a Lagos.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/club/34936/0/Lagos_Pan_Bank.html |title=Lagos Pan Bank History |website=National Football Teams |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da aka danganta da Lagos PAN Bank shi ne tsohon ɗan wasan Najeriya '''Dan Anyiam''', wanda ya kasance cikin sanannun ‘yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farkon shekarun Najeriya. Bayan mutuwarsa ne aka sanya sunansa a kan '''Dan Anyiam Stadium''' da ke jihar Imo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/66089/Dan_Anyiam.html |title=Dan Anyiam Profile |website=National Football Teams |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Lagos ta kasance cibiyar manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya tun daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1980, inda ƙungiyoyi irin su Stationery Stores, First Bank FC, Union Bank FC da sauran su suka yi tashe. Lagos PAN Bank na daga cikin tsoffin ƙungiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen gina tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Lagos da Najeriya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/2026-2027-npfl-lagos-derbies-return-as-ikorodu-city-inter-lagos-sporting-lagos-reignite-rivalry/ |title=2026/2027 NPFL: Lagos derbies return as Ikorodu City, Inter Lagos, Sporting Lagos reignite rivalry |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=26 Afrilu 2026 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Lagos]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka mutu a Najeriya]] nrx4rvngnuajh65sx5vfvtmx1w858gn 0 152339 840572 2026-05-27T20:25:23Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | clubname = Nigeria Police FC | fullname = Nigeria Police Football Club | nickname = Machine Team | founded = | ground = Najeriya | league = | owner = Najeriya Police Force }} '''Nigeria Police FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ke da alaƙa da [[Nigeria Police Force]]. Ana kuma kiran ƙungiyar da suna '''Machine Team''' a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Ƙungiyar ta kasance daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka muhimmiyar r... 840572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Nigeria Police FC | fullname = Nigeria Police Football Club | nickname = Machine Team | founded = | ground = Najeriya | league = | owner = Najeriya Police Force }} '''Nigeria Police FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ke da alaƙa da [[Nigeria Police Force]]. Ana kuma kiran ƙungiyar da suna '''Machine Team''' a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Ƙungiyar ta kasance daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya tun kafin ƙaddamar da gasar ƙwararru ta ƙasa. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/adieu-jogo-bonito/ |title=Adieu, Jogo Bonito |publisher=The Nation |date=12 Fabrairu 2021 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarun farko na ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya, Nigeria Police FC ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da suka yi fice tare da kungiyoyi irin su Stationery Stores, ECN FC da Lagos Railways. Ƙungiyar ta taka rawa sosai a gasar '''Challenge Cup''' wadda yanzu ake kira '''Federation Cup'''. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/adieu-the-governor-of-football/ |title=Adieu, ‘the governor of football’ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Nigeria Police FC ta lashe kofin Challenge Cup na shekarar 1962 bayan doke Mighty Jets a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan nasara ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da matsayin ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na lokacin. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ismaila-mabo-15-july-1944-13-march-2023/ |title=Ismaila Mabo (15 July 1944 – 13 March 2023) |publisher=The Nation |date=17 Maris 2023 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Tsoffin fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya da dama sun taɓa buga wa kungiyar wasa ko kuma suna da alaƙa da ita. Daga ciki akwai mai tsaron gida Joe Erico wanda ya fara harkar ƙwallonsa a Lagos Police FC kafin daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu horaswa a Najeriya. Haka kuma an ambaci Sunny Oyarekhua a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka wakilci Nigeria Police FC. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/adieu-jogo-bonito/ |title=Adieu, Jogo Bonito |publisher=The Nation |date=12 Fabrairu 2021 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, an samu cece-kuce a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya bayan wata ƙungiya mai suna '''Police Machine FC''' ta shiga cikin wasan da aka samu sakamakon da ba a saba gani ba. Hukumar ‘yan sanda ta Najeriya ta bayyana cewa ƙungiyar da abin ya shafa ba ita ce ainihin Police Machine Team ba, tare da jaddada cewa ƙungiyar su tana taka leda ne a Abuja a lokacin. Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya ta gudanar da bincike kan lamarin. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/football-scandal-ig-steps-in/ |title=Football scandal: IG steps in |publisher=Vanguard News |date=17 Yuli 2013 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A yau, Nigeria Police FC na daga cikin ƙungiyoyin hukumomin tsaro da ke shiga gasa da wasannin sada zumunci a Najeriya. A shekarar 2019, kungiyar ta kai wasan ƙarshe na '''Anambra Security Challenge Cup''' bayan ta doke FRSC FC da ci 3–0 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://absradiotelevision.com/anambra-security-challenge-cup-nigeria-police-fc-nscdc-fc-qualify-for-finals/ |title=Anambra Security Challenge Cup: Nigeria Police FC, NSCDC FC Qualify For Finals |publisher=ABS Radio Television |date=16 Mayu 2019 |access-date=27 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Police Force]] * [[Nigerian football league system]] * [[Federation Cup]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} ```0 02fkjyxx9jbc5bg921pv3czaq5jsbyv 3 152340 840576 2026-05-27T21:23:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840576 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MOHAMMED I MUSTAPHA! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MOHAMMED I MUSTAPHA|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 6yiexpbw94xhgyqlwfwy9i2trgwc5ub 3 152341 840577 2026-05-27T21:23:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840577 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mvanrenssen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mvanrenssen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) nvxdce3jzp02d6logqg0t1kw0lcu3k6 3 152342 840578 2026-05-27T21:23:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840578 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Vanmacdonald! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Vanmacdonald|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) hm52if4psiq5qnamnlpb1ow53m2jz7b 3 152343 840579 2026-05-27T21:23:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840579 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Surajr7! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Surajr7|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) snpgfeoxkvh1qhvvd1ijp0e882dx1o8 3 152344 840580 2026-05-27T21:23:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840580 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mitrovica02! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mitrovica02|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) royhb7avrcblzc4njaocnxihwlaigge 3 152345 840581 2026-05-27T21:24:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840581 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulmuddalib labarahim salisu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) brnfujol103007efbao2pjptopu5im9 3 152346 840582 2026-05-27T21:24:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840582 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Merriman88! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Merriman88|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) e0jkw23iiwkwe4lhmfi1lf8kmxdezxo 3 152347 840583 2026-05-27T21:24:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840583 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sp Gamawa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sp Gamawa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) pphpb45z87jcdstfo1t76j5phmt651h 3 152348 840584 2026-05-27T21:24:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840584 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, PaganTerror! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/PaganTerror|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) haaaxscqulesppwndz6p22v9tcu0zge 3 152349 840585 2026-05-27T21:24:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840585 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IcedEarthMinistries! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IcedEarthMinistries|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) hhqs6j33yzps1dqp8fsrsz69fn542mk 3 152350 840586 2026-05-27T21:24:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840586 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Daydream moon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Daydream moon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) l2yi7y01lqty5jobmduhiq2crtej7n5 3 152351 840587 2026-05-27T21:25:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840587 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 90nikos! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/90nikos|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) ogxeepf26ifqp177j6jauy30lzgbauz 3 152352 840588 2026-05-27T21:25:18Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840588 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Varivalge! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Varivalge|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 3ry5yxfysw2mp9unmqynxj91w2e3mwo 3 152353 840589 2026-05-27T21:25:28Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840589 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kolpaak! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kolpaak|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 693h9qwkflykxsvmf139zm8jwh3blud 3 152354 840590 2026-05-27T21:25:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840590 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alisar.888! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alisar.888|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) gcn6w9spzv4nsomd9owcgx3unspldfz 3 152355 840591 2026-05-27T21:25:48Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840591 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yakubu Yakubu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yakubu Yakubu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) mjvw7zithcb4v9adz8ulgk00ibz5jak 3 152356 840592 2026-05-27T21:25:58Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840592 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SupportiveAnt043! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SupportiveAnt043|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 Mayu 2026 (UTC) bz55bxt1qcovmt206t87gzeb4l963e6 0 152357 840607 2026-05-27T22:54:49Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355878252|Visa requirements for Cameroonian citizens]]" 840607 wikitext text/x-wiki Bukatun biza ga 'yan ƙasar [[Kamaru]] ƙuntatawa ne na shigarwa ta gudanarwa da hukumomin wasu jihohi suka sanya wa' yan ƙasar Kamaru. Ya zuwa 2026, 'yan ƙasar Kamaru suna da biza ba tare da izini ba ko biza a lokacin da suka isa ƙasashe da yankuna 47, suna sanya Fasfo na Kamaru na 85 dangane da' yancin tafiye-tafiye bisa ga Henley Passport Index . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Henley Passport Index |url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking}}</ref> == Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Afirka ta Tsakiya == A lokacin 12th Ordinary Session na [[CEMAC]] da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 2015, Shugabannin Jihohi sun yanke shawarar ba da kyauta ga mutane a cikin yankin tare da sakamako nan take.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES AGREE TO IMPLEMENT FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE PROTOCOL |url=http://uhuruspirit.org/news/newsdetail.php?x=8091 |website=UHURU SPIRIT ONLINE}}</ref> Don haka, ya kamata 'yan ƙasar Kamaru su iya tafiya zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] da [[Gabon]] ba tare da biza ba. Koyaya, wannan shawarar da alama ba a aiwatar da ita ba tukuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2015 |title=Cameroun: La libre circulation n'a pas encore son visa... |url=http://237online.com/article-37688-cameroun-la-libre-circulation-n-a-pas-encore-son-visa.html |website=237online.com}}</ref> == Taswirar buƙatun biza == [[Fayil:Visa_requirements_for_Cameroonian_citizens.png|center|thumb|Bukatun Visa ga 'yan ƙasar Kamaru Visa kyauta Visa a lokacin isowa Visa samuwa a lokacin isowar ko kan layi  <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; table-layout: fixed;" ! width="18%" |Territory ! width="19%" |Conditions of access !Notes |- ! colspan="3" |China |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=HK}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Macau}} | {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MO}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |Denmark |- |{{Flag|Faroe Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitfaroeislands.com/en/about-the-faroe-islands/important-facts-for-travelers/passport-and-visa/|title=Passport and visa|work=Visit Faroe Islands|access-date=2014-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720043911/http://www.visitfaroeislands.com/en/about-the-faroe-islands/important-facts-for-travelers/passport-and-visa/|archive-date=2014-07-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenland-travel.com/practical-information/|title=Practical information|website=Greenland Travel EN}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |France |- |{{Flag|French Guiana}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GF}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PF}}</ref> | |- |{{Flagicon|France}} [[French West Indies]] | {{No|Visa required}} |Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin. |- |{{Flag|Mayotte}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=YT}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=NC}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Réunion}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=RE}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PM}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/requesting-a-visa/|title=Requesting a visa|first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires|last=étrangères|website=France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |Netherlands |- |{{Flag|Aruba}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AW}}</ref> | |- |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Caribbean Netherlands]] | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=BQ}}</ref> |Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. |- |{{Flag|Curaçao}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=CW}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Sint Maarten}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=SX}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |New Zealand |- |{{Flag|Cook Islands}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=CK}}</ref> |31 days |- |{{Flag|Niue}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=NU}}</ref> |30 days |- |{{Flag|Tokelau}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=NZ&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |title=Visa information |access-date=2014-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140315034207/https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=NZ&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |archive-date=2014-03-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |United Kingdom |- |{{Flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2003/en/aa00042_re03_en.pdf Protocols No. 3 and 10 to the Treaty of Accession 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611181622/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2003/en/aa00042_re03_en.pdf |date=2016-06-11 }}, [[European Commission]], 16 April 2003.</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AI}}</ref> |Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visas & Travel |url=http://www.gov.ai/visas_travel.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621170814/http://www.gov.ai/visas_travel.php |archive-date=2016-06-21 |access-date=2017-07-14 |website=[[Government of Anguilla]]}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=BM}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} | {{yes-no|Special permit required}} |Special permit required.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice |url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-indian-ocean-territory |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=VG}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=KY}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=FK}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GI}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MS}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Pitcairn Islands}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}} |14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Information - Visas & Legal Info - Pitcairn Island Tourism<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.visitpitcairn.pn/visitpitcairn/visaslegalinfo/touristinfo/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018001850/http://www.visitpitcairn.pn/visitpitcairn/visaslegalinfo/touristinfo/index.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2015-09-25 |website=visitpitcairn.pn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haigh |first=Bill |title=Pitcairn Islands |url=http://www.government.pn/visaInfo.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021104351/http://www.government.pn/visaInfo.php |archive-date=2017-10-21 |access-date=2017-07-14 |website=www.government.pn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration Control Ordinance 2006 |url=http://www.government.pn/immigration%20ordinance.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106205311/http://www.government.pn/immigration%20ordinance.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=[[Government of the Pitcairn Islands]]}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Ascension Island}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ascension-visas.com|title=Ascension Island E-Visa System|date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascension-island.gov.ac/entry-visas/|title=Entry Visas|date=13 November 2018|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=19 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085843/https://www.ascension-island.gov.ac/entry-visas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | * 3 months within any year period |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Helena eVisa|url=https://evisa.sainthelena.gov.sh|website=Saint Helena Government}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Tristan da Cunha}} | {{yes-no|Permission required}} |Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for [[Yanayin tsibirin Gough|Gough Island]], Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grundy |first=Richard |title=Tristan da Cunha Tourism |url=http://www.tristandc.com/visitsadmin.php |website=www.tristandc.com}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} | {{yes-no|Permit required}} |Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/south-america/south-georgia-south-sandwich#entryRequirements |website=fco.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Information for Visitors - South Georgia Website<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(v)Information_for_Visitors_to_South_Georgia?useskin=vis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412170649/http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(v)Information_for_Visitors_to_South_Georgia?useskin=vis |archive-date=2008-04-12 |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=sgisland.gs}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=TC}}</ref> |Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not required a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days. |- ! colspan="3" |United States |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AS}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Guam}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GU}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MP}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PR}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=VI}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |[[Antatika|Antarctica]] and adjacent islands |- | colspan="3" {{yes-no|Special permits required for {{flag|Bouvet Island}}, {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}, {{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}, {{flag|Argentine Antarctica}}, {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], {{flagicon|Antártica Chilena Province}} [[Chilean Antarctic Territory]], {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]], {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Peter I Island]], {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Queen Maud Land]], {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Ross Dependency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/index.php|title=Antarctic tourism - British Antarctic Survey|website=www.antarctica.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/north-central-south-america/12940285/fco_trv_ca_britishantarcticterr?ta=travelSummary&pg=1 |title=British Antarctic Territory |access-date=2011-04-27 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110427210122/http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/north-central-south-america/12940285/fco_trv_ca_britishantarcticterr?ta=travelSummary&pg=1 |archive-date=2011-04-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk/en/tourism/|title=British Antarctic Territory - GOV.UK|website=britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-a-l-Antarctique|title=Accès à l'Antarctique|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2018-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501210951/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-a-l-Antarctique|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-australes|title=Accès aux Terres australes françaises|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501121508/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-australes|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-Eparses|title=Accès aux îles Eparses|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501122022/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-Eparses|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dna.gov.ar/DIVULGAC/INDEX.HTM |title=Dna-IAA - la Antártida |access-date=2014-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805081831/http://www.dna.gov.ar/DIVULGAC/INDEX.HTM |archive-date=2014-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/predeparture/expeditioner-engagement-information|title=Forms expeditioners must sign|website=www.antarctica.gov.au|date=19 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heardisland.aq/about/frequently-asked-questions#visit_heard_island|title=Frequently asked questions|first=c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment and Energy;ou=Australian Antarctic|last=Division|website=www.heardisland.aq|date=28 February 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/peter-I-oy.html |title=Peter I Øy - Norwegian Polar Institute |access-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017215217/http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/peter-I-oy.html |archive-date=2013-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/dronning-maud-land.html|title=Dronning Maud Land|website=Norwegian Polar Institute}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/3-New-Zealand-Procedures-for-Visitors-to-Antarctica/index.php|title=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade acts in the world to make New Zealanders safer and more prosperous|first=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and|last=Trade|website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}</ref>}} |- |} == Ƙuntatawa ba tare da visa ba ==  {{#section-h:Non-visa travel restrictions|List of common non-visa travel restrictions}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 362agqmmpgs7fjc91t5kov7do0w4yl4 840608 840607 2026-05-27T22:56:56Z Arcdanumma047 38699 840608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bukatun biza ga 'yan ƙasar [[Kamaru]] ƙuntatawa ne na shigarwa ta gudanarwa da hukumomin wasu jihohi suka sanya wa' yan ƙasar Kamaru. Ya zuwa 2026, 'yan ƙasar Kamaru suna da biza ba tare da izini ba ko biza a lokacin da suka isa ƙasashe da yankuna 47, suna sanya Fasfo na Kamaru na 85 dangane da' yancin tafiye-tafiye bisa ga Henley Passport Index . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Henley Passport Index |url=https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking}}</ref> == Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Afirka ta Tsakiya == A lokacin 12th Ordinary Session na [[CEMAC]] da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 2015, Shugabannin Jihohi sun yanke shawarar ba da kyauta ga mutane a cikin yankin tare da sakamako nan take.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CENTRAL AFRICAN STATES AGREE TO IMPLEMENT FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE PROTOCOL |url=http://uhuruspirit.org/news/newsdetail.php?x=8091 |website=UHURU SPIRIT ONLINE}}</ref> Don haka, ya kamata 'yan ƙasar Kamaru su iya tafiya zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] da [[Gabon]] ba tare da biza ba. Koyaya, wannan shawarar da alama ba a aiwatar da ita ba tukuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2015 |title=Cameroun: La libre circulation n'a pas encore son visa... |url=http://237online.com/article-37688-cameroun-la-libre-circulation-n-a-pas-encore-son-visa.html |website=237online.com}}</ref> == Taswirar buƙatun biza == [[Fayil:Visa_requirements_for_Cameroonian_citizens.png|center|thumb|Bukatun Visa ga 'yan ƙasar Kamaru Visa kyauta Visa a lokacin isowa Visa samuwa a lokacin isowar ko kan layi  <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; table-layout: fixed;" ! width="18%" |Territory ! width="19%" |Conditions of access !Notes |- ! colspan="3" |China |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=HK}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Macau}} | {{yes-no|Visa on arrival}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MO}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |Denmark |- |{{Flag|Faroe Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitfaroeislands.com/en/about-the-faroe-islands/important-facts-for-travelers/passport-and-visa/|title=Passport and visa|work=Visit Faroe Islands|access-date=2014-07-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720043911/http://www.visitfaroeislands.com/en/about-the-faroe-islands/important-facts-for-travelers/passport-and-visa/|archive-date=2014-07-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenland-travel.com/practical-information/|title=Practical information|website=Greenland Travel EN}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |France |- |{{Flag|French Guiana}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GF}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PF}}</ref> | |- |{{Flagicon|France}} [[French West Indies]] | {{No|Visa required}} |Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin. |- |{{Flag|Mayotte}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=YT}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=NC}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Réunion}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=RE}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PM}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/requesting-a-visa/|title=Requesting a visa|first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires|last=étrangères|website=France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |Netherlands |- |{{Flag|Aruba}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AW}}</ref> | |- |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Caribbean Netherlands]] | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=BQ}}</ref> |Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. |- |{{Flag|Curaçao}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=CW}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Sint Maarten}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=SX}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |New Zealand |- |{{Flag|Cook Islands}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=CK}}</ref> |31 days |- |{{Flag|Niue}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=NU}}</ref> |30 days |- |{{Flag|Tokelau}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=NZ&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |title=Visa information |access-date=2014-03-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140315034207/https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=NZ&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C |archive-date=2014-03-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |United Kingdom |- |{{Flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2003/en/aa00042_re03_en.pdf Protocols No. 3 and 10 to the Treaty of Accession 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611181622/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/pdf/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2003/en/aa00042_re03_en.pdf |date=2016-06-11 }}, [[European Commission]], 16 April 2003.</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AI}}</ref> |Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visas & Travel |url=http://www.gov.ai/visas_travel.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621170814/http://www.gov.ai/visas_travel.php |archive-date=2016-06-21 |access-date=2017-07-14 |website=[[Government of Anguilla]]}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=BM}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} | {{yes-no|Special permit required}} |Special permit required.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice |url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-indian-ocean-territory |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=VG}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=KY}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=FK}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GI}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MS}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Pitcairn Islands}} | {{Yes|Visa not required}} |14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Information - Visas & Legal Info - Pitcairn Island Tourism<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.visitpitcairn.pn/visitpitcairn/visaslegalinfo/touristinfo/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018001850/http://www.visitpitcairn.pn/visitpitcairn/visaslegalinfo/touristinfo/index.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2015-09-25 |website=visitpitcairn.pn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haigh |first=Bill |title=Pitcairn Islands |url=http://www.government.pn/visaInfo.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021104351/http://www.government.pn/visaInfo.php |archive-date=2017-10-21 |access-date=2017-07-14 |website=www.government.pn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Immigration Control Ordinance 2006 |url=http://www.government.pn/immigration%20ordinance.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106205311/http://www.government.pn/immigration%20ordinance.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=[[Government of the Pitcairn Islands]]}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Ascension Island}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ascension-visas.com|title=Ascension Island E-Visa System|date=13 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascension-island.gov.ac/entry-visas/|title=Entry Visas|date=13 November 2018|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=19 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085843/https://www.ascension-island.gov.ac/entry-visas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | * 3 months within any year period |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} | {{yes2|eVisa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Helena eVisa|url=https://evisa.sainthelena.gov.sh|website=Saint Helena Government}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Tristan da Cunha}} | {{yes-no|Permission required}} |Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for [[Yanayin tsibirin Gough|Gough Island]], Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grundy |first=Richard |title=Tristan da Cunha Tourism |url=http://www.tristandc.com/visitsadmin.php |website=www.tristandc.com}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} | {{yes-no|Permit required}} |Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/south-america/south-georgia-south-sandwich#entryRequirements |website=fco.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Information for Visitors - South Georgia Website<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(v)Information_for_Visitors_to_South_Georgia?useskin=vis |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412170649/http://www.sgisland.gs/index.php/(v)Information_for_Visitors_to_South_Georgia?useskin=vis |archive-date=2008-04-12 |access-date=2018-05-09 |website=sgisland.gs}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=TC}}</ref> |Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not required a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days. |- ! colspan="3" |United States |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=AS}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Guam}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=GU}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=MP}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=PR}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} | {{No|Visa required}}<ref>{{Timatic|nationality=CM|destination=VI}}</ref> | |- ! colspan="3" |[[Antatika|Antarctica]] and adjacent islands |- | colspan="3" {{yes-no|Special permits required for {{flag|Bouvet Island}}, {{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}, {{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}, {{flag|Argentine Antarctica}}, {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], {{flagicon|Antártica Chilena Province}} [[Chilean Antarctic Territory]], {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]], {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Peter I Island]], {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Queen Maud Land]], {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Ross Dependency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/index.php|title=Antarctic tourism - British Antarctic Survey|website=www.antarctica.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/north-central-south-america/12940285/fco_trv_ca_britishantarcticterr?ta=travelSummary&pg=1 |title=British Antarctic Territory |access-date=2011-04-27 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110427210122/http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/north-central-south-america/12940285/fco_trv_ca_britishantarcticterr?ta=travelSummary&pg=1 |archive-date=2011-04-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk/en/tourism/|title=British Antarctic Territory - GOV.UK|website=britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-a-l-Antarctique|title=Accès à l'Antarctique|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2018-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501210951/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-a-l-Antarctique|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-australes|title=Accès aux Terres australes françaises|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501121508/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-australes|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-Eparses|title=Accès aux îles Eparses|website=www.taaf.fr|access-date=2017-07-14|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501122022/http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-Eparses|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dna.gov.ar/DIVULGAC/INDEX.HTM |title=Dna-IAA - la Antártida |access-date=2014-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805081831/http://www.dna.gov.ar/DIVULGAC/INDEX.HTM |archive-date=2014-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/predeparture/expeditioner-engagement-information|title=Forms expeditioners must sign|website=www.antarctica.gov.au|date=19 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heardisland.aq/about/frequently-asked-questions#visit_heard_island|title=Frequently asked questions|first=c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment and Energy;ou=Australian Antarctic|last=Division|website=www.heardisland.aq|date=28 February 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/peter-I-oy.html |title=Peter I Øy - Norwegian Polar Institute |access-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017215217/http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/peter-I-oy.html |archive-date=2013-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/dronning-maud-land.html|title=Dronning Maud Land|website=Norwegian Polar Institute}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/3-New-Zealand-Procedures-for-Visitors-to-Antarctica/index.php|title=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade acts in the world to make New Zealanders safer and more prosperous|first=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and|last=Trade|website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade}}</ref>}} |- |} == Ƙuntatawa ba tare da visa ba ==  {{#section-h:Non-visa travel restrictions|List of common non-visa travel restrictions}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] da6xlfvdgyr09qgguzi1iqhywllniyr 0 152358 840611 2026-05-27T23:14:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276260435|Water-related industry in Africa]]" 840611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masana'antar da ke da alaƙa da ruwa a Afirka''' tana ba da ayyuka da damar yin aiki a bangarori da yawa, misali noma, kamun kifi, masana'antu da masana'antu. == Ruwa, ayyuka da tattalin arziki == Afirka kwanan nan ta sha kashi goma mafi kyau (2005-2015) don Ci gaban tattalin arziki tun bayan lokacin samun 'yancin kai. Ci gaban, duk da haka, bai kasance mai hada kai ba ko kuma mai adalci. A cewar Bankin Duniya, ci gaban GDP a yankin Saharar Afirka ya kai matsakaicin 4.5% a cikin 2014, daga 4.2% a cikin 2013, wanda ke tallafawa ci gaba da saka hannun jari, kara yawan samar da noma da ayyukan motsa jiki.<ref name=":0" /> Yawan jama'ar [[Afirka]] ya wuce biliyan 1 a cikin 2010 kuma ana sa ran zai ninka sau biyu nan da shekara ta 2050. [[Fayil:African_countries_with_the_largest_population_as_of_2020.png|thumb|Kasashen Afirka da suka fi yawan jama'a a shekarar 2020]] A cikin yawan jama'a, ana sa ran zama yankin da ya fi girma a duniya tare da ci gaba daban-daban, dangane da yankuna. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban ya karkata ga matasa kuma wannan ɓangaren yawan mutanen da za su buƙaci aiki ana sa ran zai karu da sauri kuma ya ƙunshi miliyan 910 daga cikin yawan mutanen da aka tsara biliyan biyu nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref name=":0" /> Yawancin ci gaban ma'aikata zai kasance a Afirka ta Kudu (kimanin 90%). <ref name=":0" /> Saboda haka, bukatar ayyukan yi za ta zama babbar matsala ta manufofi a duk faɗin nahiyar, wanda ya riga ya fuskanci rashin aikin yi da rashin aikin yi; Bugu da ƙari, wannan na ƙarshe yana motsa ƙaura a cikin yankin da ƙaura zuwa [[Turai]] da sauran yankuna.<ref name=":0" /> Samar da aiki don wannan ci gaban da ake tsammani a cikin yawan jama'a an saita shi ya zama babban ƙalubale ga tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Afirka. An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2015, matasa miliyan 19 za su shiga kasuwar aiki mai jinkiri a Afirka ta Kudu da miliyan huɗu a [[Arewacin Afirka]].<ref name=":0" /> Ana sa ran buƙatar ayyuka za ta karu zuwa miliyan 24.6 a kowace shekara a Afirka ta Kudu da miliyan 4.3 a Arewacin Afirka nan da shekara ta 2030, wanda ke wakiltar kashi biyu bisa uku na ci gaban duniya na buƙatun ayyuka.<ref name=":0" /> Rashin aikin yi na matasa ya kasance abin da ya haifar da tashin hankali, musamman a Arewacin Afirka, kuma ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da tsaro.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka a bangarorin da suka dogara da ruwa == A halin yanzu, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren da ke dogara da ruwa a Afirka shine noma, wanda ke samar da tushe na yawancin tattalin arzikin jihohin Afirka. Dukkanin aikin gona da ake shayarwa sune mahimman bangarorin samar da aiki a duk kasashen Afirka.<ref name=":0" /> === Aikin noma === [[Fayil:Kakamas-Water_wheel-001.jpg|thumb|Ruwa mai ruwa a Kakamas, Arewacin Cape]] Matsayin noma a matsayin babban tushen aiki yana raguwa a kasashe da yawa na Afirka yayin da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin tattalin arziki da yawa ke haifar da karuwar yanayin rayuwa, inganta ilimi da kuma faruwar saurin ƙaura zuwa birane na matasa masu ilimi don neman ayyukan fararen ma'aikata. Koyaya, don aikin gona na gaba zai kasance babban tushen aiki, musamman a cikin jihohin Afirka da ba su samar da mai ba.<ref name=":0" /> Akwai karuwar rikice-rikice na karuwar rashin aikin yi a cikin birane da garuruwan da ke cikin birane na Afirka: karancin ma'aikata a yankunan karkara yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin samar da abinci da karuwar dogaro da kasashe da yawa na Afirka akan shigo da abinci.<ref name=":0" /> === Kifi === [[Fayil:Commercial_fishing_fleet_at_rest_at_Hout_Bay_Harbour.JPG|thumb|Jirgin kamun kifi na kasuwanci a hutu a Hout Bay Harbour]] Kasuwancin kamun kifi da kiwon kifi na Afirka sun dauki mutane miliyan 12.3 a shekarar 2014 kuma sun ba da gudummawar dala biliyan 24 ko 1.26% na GDP na dukkan kasashen Afirka, wanda ya inganta tsaro na abinci mai gina jiki. Kimanin rabin ma'aikata a cikin bangaren sun kasance masunta kuma sauran sun kasance masu sarrafawa (musamman mata) ko masu kula da ruwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 71g4rdnwtq5izx3ky2iuldrscgd73ab 840612 840611 2026-05-27T23:15:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 840612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masana'antar da ke da alaƙa da ruwa a Afirka''' tana ba da ayyuka da damar yin aiki a bangarori da yawa, misali noma, kamun kifi, masana'antu da masana'antu. == Ruwa, ayyuka da tattalin arziki == Afirka kwanan nan ta sha kashi goma mafi kyau (2005-2015) don Ci gaban tattalin arziki tun bayan lokacin samun 'yancin kai. Ci gaban, duk da haka, bai kasance mai hada kai ba ko kuma mai adalci. A cewar Bankin Duniya, ci gaban GDP a yankin Saharar Afirka ya kai matsakaicin 4.5% a cikin 2014, daga 4.2% a cikin 2013, wanda ke tallafawa ci gaba da saka hannun jari, kara yawan samar da noma da ayyukan motsa jiki.<ref name=":0" /> Yawan jama'ar [[Afirka]] ya wuce biliyan 1 a cikin 2010 kuma ana sa ran zai ninka sau biyu nan da shekara ta 2050. [[Fayil:African_countries_with_the_largest_population_as_of_2020.png|thumb|Kasashen Afirka da suka fi yawan jama'a a shekarar 2020]] A cikin yawan jama'a, ana sa ran zama yankin da ya fi girma a duniya tare da ci gaba daban-daban, dangane da yankuna. Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban ya karkata ga matasa kuma wannan ɓangaren yawan mutanen da za su buƙaci aiki ana sa ran zai karu da sauri kuma ya ƙunshi miliyan 910 daga cikin yawan mutanen da aka tsara biliyan biyu nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref name=":0" /> Yawancin ci gaban ma'aikata zai kasance a Afirka ta Kudu (kimanin 90%). <ref name=":0" /> Saboda haka, bukatar ayyukan yi za ta zama babbar matsala ta manufofi a duk faɗin nahiyar, wanda ya riga ya fuskanci rashin aikin yi da rashin aikin yi; Bugu da ƙari, wannan na ƙarshe yana motsa ƙaura a cikin yankin da ƙaura zuwa [[Turai]] da sauran yankuna.<ref name=":0" /> Samar da aiki don wannan ci gaban da ake tsammani a cikin yawan jama'a an saita shi ya zama babban ƙalubale ga tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Afirka. An kiyasta cewa a cikin 2015, matasa miliyan 19 za su shiga kasuwar aiki mai jinkiri a Afirka ta Kudu da miliyan huɗu a [[Arewacin Afirka]].<ref name=":0" /> Ana sa ran buƙatar ayyuka za ta karu zuwa miliyan 24.6 a kowace shekara a Afirka ta Kudu da miliyan 4.3 a Arewacin Afirka nan da shekara ta 2030, wanda ke wakiltar kashi biyu bisa uku na ci gaban duniya na buƙatun ayyuka.<ref name=":0" /> Rashin aikin yi na matasa ya kasance abin da ya haifar da tashin hankali, musamman a Arewacin Afirka, kuma ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na zamantakewa da tsaro.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka a bangarorin da suka dogara da ruwa == A halin yanzu, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren da ke dogara da ruwa a Afirka shine noma, wanda ke samar da tushe na yawancin tattalin arzikin jihohin Afirka. Dukkanin aikin gona da ake shayarwa sune mahimman bangarorin samar da aiki a duk kasashen Afirka.<ref name=":0" /> === Aikin noma === [[Fayil:Kakamas-Water_wheel-001.jpg|thumb|Ruwa mai ruwa a Kakamas, Arewacin Cape]] Matsayin noma a matsayin babban tushen aiki yana raguwa a kasashe da yawa na Afirka yayin da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a cikin tattalin arziki da yawa ke haifar da karuwar yanayin rayuwa, inganta ilimi da kuma faruwar saurin ƙaura zuwa birane na matasa masu ilimi don neman ayyukan fararen ma'aikata. Koyaya, don aikin gona na gaba zai kasance babban tushen aiki, musamman a cikin jihohin Afirka da ba su samar da mai ba.<ref name=":0" /> Akwai karuwar rikice-rikice na karuwar rashin aikin yi a cikin birane da garuruwan da ke cikin birane na Afirka: karancin ma'aikata a yankunan karkara yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin samar da abinci da karuwar dogaro da kasashe da yawa na Afirka akan shigo da abinci.<ref name=":0" /> === Kifi === [[Fayil:Commercial_fishing_fleet_at_rest_at_Hout_Bay_Harbour.JPG|thumb|Jirgin kamun kifi na kasuwanci a hutu a Hout Bay Harbour]] Kasuwancin kamun kifi da kiwon kifi na Afirka sun dauki mutane miliyan 12.3 a shekarar 2014 kuma sun ba da gudummawar dala biliyan 24 ko 1.26% na GDP na dukkan kasashen Afirka, wanda ya inganta tsaro na abinci mai gina jiki. Kimanin rabin ma'aikata a cikin bangaren sun kasance masunta kuma sauran sun kasance masu sarrafawa (musamman mata) ko masu kula da ruwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 2tmd1jb9numhsmkxcw0438i071kmrvt 0 152359 840613 2026-05-27T23:16:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355668708|Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa]]" 840613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]] Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}</ref> yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == [[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]] [[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]] Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi. Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}</ref> WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun damar samun ruwan sha mai sauƙi saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}</ref> === Ruwa na sama === [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) a cikin 2015 ta ba da rahoton cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 159 sun samo ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba daga tabkuna, tafkuna, koguna da rafi a duniya. Tushen ruwa a Afirka wani lokacin ana gurɓata shi sosai. Abubuwa irin su zubar da datti, gurɓataccen mai, abubuwan masana'antu, da dai sauransu. Misali, a cikin binciken da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an sami manyan gurɓata a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, gami da runoff na agrochemical, sharar birane, da kuma masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isukuru |first=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A wani binciken da aka gudanar a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], [[Uganda]], da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓataccen abubuwa da ke gurɓata ruwa a duk yankuna. Wadannan gurɓataccen sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarfe masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓataccen da aka samu a cikin ruwa sun haifar da damuwa mai yawa game da lafiyar ruwa ga mutanen da ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szopińska |first=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=38969115 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == tw3wnngty97zupv2hpqwo6lfs426l38 840614 840613 2026-05-27T23:16:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 840614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]] Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}</ref> yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == [[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]] [[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]] Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi. Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}</ref> WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun damar samun ruwan sha mai sauƙi saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}</ref> === Ruwa na sama === [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) a cikin 2015 ta ba da rahoton cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 159 sun samo ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba daga tabkuna, tafkuna, koguna da rafi a duniya. Tushen ruwa a Afirka wani lokacin ana gurɓata shi sosai. Abubuwa irin su zubar da datti, gurɓataccen mai, abubuwan masana'antu, da dai sauransu. Misali, a cikin binciken da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an sami manyan gurɓata a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, gami da runoff na agrochemical, sharar birane, da kuma masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isukuru |first=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A wani binciken da aka gudanar a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], [[Uganda]], da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓataccen abubuwa da ke gurɓata ruwa a duk yankuna. Wadannan gurɓataccen sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarfe masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓataccen da aka samu a cikin ruwa sun haifar da damuwa mai yawa game da lafiyar ruwa ga mutanen da ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szopińska |first=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |issn=0048-9697 |pmid=38969115 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1vbow20k3zsfmqrsah8tf6uu3a10ryn 0 152360 840633 2026-05-28T02:09:10Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 Sabon shafi: {{Databox}} '''Annita Demetriou''' (Girka: Αννίτα Δημητρίου; an haife ta a 18 ga Oktoba 1985) 'yar siyasa ce daga [[Cyprus]]. Demetriou ita ce mace ta farko kuma mutum mafi ƙanƙantar shekaru da ta taɓa rike ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai, kuma tun daga 2016 tana wakiltar gundumar asali ta [[Larnaca]] a Majalisar Wakilai.<ref>https://www.kathimerini.com.cy/gr/politiki/live-synedrio-disy-i-apotimisi-apo-anastasiadi-kai-aberof</ref><ref>https://www.philenews.com... 840633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annita Demetriou''' (Girka: Αννίτα Δημητρίου; an haife ta a 18 ga Oktoba 1985) 'yar siyasa ce daga [[Cyprus]]. Demetriou ita ce mace ta farko kuma mutum mafi ƙanƙantar shekaru da ta taɓa rike ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai, kuma tun daga 2016 tana wakiltar gundumar asali ta [[Larnaca]] a Majalisar Wakilai.<ref>https://www.kathimerini.com.cy/gr/politiki/live-synedrio-disy-i-apotimisi-apo-anastasiadi-kai-aberof</ref><ref>https://www.philenews.com/politiki/article/1307269/oristika-ipefthini-antipolitefsi-o-disi/</ref> ==Rayuwar farko da ilimi== An haifi Demetriou a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1985 a ƙauyen [[Troulli]], gundumar Larnaca.<ref>http://www.parliament.cy/en/composition/members-of-the-house/biographical-notes/demetriou-annita</ref> Ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa da siyasa daga Jami'ar Cyprus a shekarar 2007, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin dangantakar kasa da kasa da nazarin [[Turai]] daga Jami'ar Kent.<ref>https://greekreporter.com/2021/06/11/annita-demetriou-cypruss-first-female-parliamentary-speaker/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190702082233/https://like.philenews.com/annita-dimitriou-i-30chroni-pou-sarose-stis-chthesines-ekloges/</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sat2qjuyxbk8qbe68ky551h33bekkez 840636 840633 2026-05-28T02:11:07Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 840636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annita Demetriou''' (Girkanci: Αννίτα Δημητρίου; an haife ta a 18 ga Oktoba 1985) 'yar siyasa ce daga [[Cyprus]]. Demetriou ita ce mace ta farko kuma mutum mafi ƙanƙantar shekaru da ta taɓa rike ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai, kuma tun daga 2016 tana wakiltar gundumar asali ta [[Larnaca]] a Majalisar Wakilai.<ref>https://www.kathimerini.com.cy/gr/politiki/live-synedrio-disy-i-apotimisi-apo-anastasiadi-kai-aberof</ref><ref>https://www.philenews.com/politiki/article/1307269/oristika-ipefthini-antipolitefsi-o-disi/</ref> ==Rayuwar farko da ilimi== An haifi Demetriou a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1985 a ƙauyen [[Troulli]], gundumar Larnaca.<ref>http://www.parliament.cy/en/composition/members-of-the-house/biographical-notes/demetriou-annita</ref> Ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa da siyasa daga Jami'ar Cyprus a shekarar 2007, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin dangantakar kasa da kasa da nazarin [[Turai]] daga Jami'ar Kent.<ref>https://greekreporter.com/2021/06/11/annita-demetriou-cypruss-first-female-parliamentary-speaker/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190702082233/https://like.philenews.com/annita-dimitriou-i-30chroni-pou-sarose-stis-chthesines-ekloges/</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rlxtlvijx2r9akes5m1b90rsalx0u37 10 152361 840638 2026-05-28T02:20:03Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 Fara 840638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} | bottom | b = {{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Files for upload|</div>}}</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">''Wannan tattaunawa ce da aka ajiye. <span style="color:(--color-error, red);">'''Don allah kada ku gyara shi ko canza shi.'''</span> Ya kamata a yi sabbin sharhi a sabon sashe.''</td></tr></table> | #default = <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-archivedtalk" style="width: 100%; border: 0; margin-top: 0.2em; text-align: left;"> <tr>{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1}}}}} | withdrawn | w = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-notice-subtle, #b8b8b8); color: inherit; text-align: center;"> [[File:Pictogram voting comment.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] This request has been withdrawn | partially-accepted | p = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fff17e); color: inherit; text-align: center;"> [[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|14px|alt=|link=]][[File:Symbol oppose vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] This request has been partially accepted | unsuccessful | us = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle, #bf8f8f); color: inherit; text-align: center;"> [[File:Symbol delete vote darkened.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] This request was unsuccessful | declined | d = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle, #ffcece); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Symbol oppose vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] An ƙi wannan buƙata | mass-accepted | ma = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-success-subtle, #68ff68); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]][[File:Symbol support vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] These requests have been mass-moderated and accepted, unless otherwise marked | mass-declined | m | md = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle, #ff9999); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Symbol oppose vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]][[File:Symbol oppose vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] These requests have been mass-moderated and declined, unless otherwise marked | succeeded | s = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-success-subtle, #90c090); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] This request has succeeded | response | r = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle, #ffcece); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Image-Symbol wait old.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] An rufe wannan buƙata saboda babu amsa | accepted | a | #default = <th style="background-color: var(--background-color-success-subtle, #a0ffa0); color: inherit; text-align: center;">[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|14px|alt=|link=]] An karɓa wannan buƙata }}. <span style="color: var(--color-error, red);">Don allah kada ku gyara shi ko canza shi.</span></th></tr><tr><td style="border: solid 1px; padding: 8px; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #e0e0e0); color: var(--color-base, #202122)"> }}<noinclude> </td></tr></table> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k6mxxrb8ppnph1zjb92kunr5qejvoo4 10 152362 840640 2026-05-28T02:34:21Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 Sabon shafi: Sannu! Ina so kawai in roƙi a cire tsofaffin saƙonni daga shafin tattaunawar user naka. Ko da yake watakila ba zai dame ka ba, da yawa daga cikin masu gyara suna da haɗin intanet mai jinkiri, kuma samun babban shafin tattaunawar user na iya kawo cikas ga sadarwa. {{{1|}}} Na gode! ~~<includeonly>~~</includeonly><noinclude>~~</noinclude> <!-- Samfuri:Please archive --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 840640 wikitext text/x-wiki Sannu! Ina so kawai in roƙi a cire tsofaffin saƙonni daga shafin tattaunawar user naka. Ko da yake watakila ba zai dame ka ba, da yawa daga cikin masu gyara suna da haɗin intanet mai jinkiri, kuma samun babban shafin tattaunawar user na iya kawo cikas ga sadarwa. {{{1|}}} Na gode! ~~<includeonly>~~</includeonly><noinclude>~~</noinclude> <!-- Samfuri:Please archive --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ouc3lerlru8z11fvmvr902nuy1g28v4 10 152363 840641 2026-05-28T02:37:08Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 Sabon shafi: <code><nowiki>{{subst:Please archive}}</nowiki></code> Kada a taba yin transclude na wannan samfurin; sai dai a maye gurbinsa. 840641 wikitext text/x-wiki <code><nowiki>{{subst:Please archive}}</nowiki></code> Kada a taba yin transclude na wannan samfurin; sai dai a maye gurbinsa. e6ai01zln8yksf4b9ybmm3ky1nfij78 0 152364 840642 2026-05-28T02:43:16Z Naija Wikipediano 45268 Sabon shafi: {{Databox}} '''Volcano Radio''' tashar [[rediyo]] ce a [[Tsibirin Ascension]]. Tashar tana watsa kiɗan pop, inda mafi yawan masu gabatar da shirye-shirye suke injiniyoyi 'yan Amurka da ke aiki a kan ayyuka a tsibirin, tare da wasu sojojin Amurka da ke taimakawa.<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-express/197099140/</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Rediyo]] [[Category:Tashoshin rediyo]] 840642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Volcano Radio''' tashar [[rediyo]] ce a [[Tsibirin Ascension]]. Tashar tana watsa kiɗan pop, inda mafi yawan masu gabatar da shirye-shirye suke injiniyoyi 'yan Amurka da ke aiki a kan ayyuka a tsibirin, tare da wasu sojojin Amurka da ke taimakawa.<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-express/197099140/</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} [[Category:Rediyo]] [[Category:Tashoshin rediyo]] qbqmhwbhjw9z3b6z2izdg9zb786b13c 0 152365 840647 2026-05-28T04:11:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1313651800|Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility]]" 840647 wikitext text/x-wiki Cibiyar Ci Gaban Infrastructure Resilient Climate (CRIDF), wacce ke aiki tare da kasashe 12 a Kudancin Afirka, shirin fam miliyan 31 ne wanda Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth & Development na Burtaniya ya tallafawa. Manufarta ita ce samar da mafita na dogon lokaci ga matsalolin da suka shafi ruwa waɗanda ke tasiri da barazana ga jin daɗin mutane sama da miliyan 200, da yawa daga cikinsu matalauta ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility |url=https://intdev.tetratecheurope.com/projects/cridf-southern-africa/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=intdevtetratecheurope.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Cibiyar Ci Gaban Infrastructure Resilient Climate (CRIDF) shirin FCDO ne (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) wanda ke aiki don samar da mafita na dogon lokaci ga batutuwan ruwa waɗanda ke shafar al'ummomin matalauta a Kudancin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-03 |title=CRIDF's aims and approaches {{!}} CRIDF |url=https://cridf.net/aims/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ga ayyukan ababen more rayuwa waɗanda, da zarar an gama, hukumomin ƙasa da na gida, masu amfani da ruwa / makamashi, da ƙungiyoyin masu cin gajiyarwa za su mallake su kuma su sarrafa su, CRIDF tana tallafawa hanyoyin sayen ƙasa, kuɗi, da sa ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DevTracker Programme DK-CVR-44623528-A102724 |url=https://devtracker.fcdo.gov.uk/programme/DK-CVR-44623528-A102724/summary |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=devtracker.fcdo.gov.uk}}</ref> == Tarihi == CRIDF sabon shirin samar da ruwa ne na Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya (DFID) don kudancin Afirka. A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Cibiyar tana da niyyar isar da ƙananan kayan aiki masu ɗorewa a cikin ƙasashe 11 na Kudancin Afirka (SADC). Hedikwatar a [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], shirin da ake buƙata yana mai da hankali kan sabis na ruwa, gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, da aikin gona, yana haifar da tasiri mai ɗorewa akan ruwan yankin, abinci da tsaro na makamashi Baya ga samar da tallafi tare da ƙirar tsarin ban ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin UNDP-GEF don ayyukan zanga-zangar rayuwa, CRIDF ta ba da tallafinta ga aikin OKACOM-EU ta hanyar tsara tashoshin hydrometric guda huɗu waɗanda za a gina a cikin kwandon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility (CRIDF) {{!}} OKACOM |url=https://www.okacom.org/climate-resilient-infrastructure-development-facility-cridf |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.okacom.org}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Babban manufar CRIDF ita ce canza hanyar da ake amfani da ababen more rayuwa na ruwa don kara karfin yanayi ga 'yan Afirka na Kudu waɗanda ke talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility |url=https://intdev.tetratecheurope.com/projects/cridf-southern-africa/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=intdevtetratecheurope.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Koyaya, CRIDF yana sauƙaƙa: * Haɗin kai da fadada kasuwanci wanda ke haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da raba; * Haɗin gwiwa don sarrafa ƙarancin albarkatun ƙetare, don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, gina ƙarfin yanayi da kuma magance batutuwan zaman lafiya, ikon mallaka da tsaro. * Haɗin kai don magance farashi yadda ya kamata tare da batutuwan da ke fuskantar yankin - kamar canjin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, CRIDF tana ba da ƙungiyoyi masu cancanta da ayyukan Sabis mai Ba da Shawara (RAS) wanda ke ba da sabis mai sauri akan buƙata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility – SouthSouthNorth |url=https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/climate-resilient-infrastructure-development-facility-cridf/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4aoodu4kpj85uj1ww4eipdv22hje16e 840648 840647 2026-05-28T04:12:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 840648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Ci Gaban Infrastructure Resilient Climate (CRIDF)''', wacce ke aiki tare da kasashe 12 a Kudancin Afirka, shirin fam miliyan 31 ne wanda Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth & Development na Burtaniya ya tallafawa. Manufarta ita ce samar da mafita na dogon lokaci ga matsalolin da suka shafi ruwa waɗanda ke tasiri da barazana ga jin daɗin mutane sama da miliyan 200, da yawa daga cikinsu matalauta ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility |url=https://intdev.tetratecheurope.com/projects/cridf-southern-africa/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=intdevtetratecheurope.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Cibiyar Ci Gaban Infrastructure Resilient Climate (CRIDF) shirin FCDO ne (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office) wanda ke aiki don samar da mafita na dogon lokaci ga batutuwan ruwa waɗanda ke shafar al'ummomin matalauta a Kudancin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-03 |title=CRIDF's aims and approaches {{!}} CRIDF |url=https://cridf.net/aims/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ga ayyukan ababen more rayuwa waɗanda, da zarar an gama, hukumomin ƙasa da na gida, masu amfani da ruwa / makamashi, da ƙungiyoyin masu cin gajiyarwa za su mallake su kuma su sarrafa su, CRIDF tana tallafawa hanyoyin sayen ƙasa, kuɗi, da sa ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DevTracker Programme DK-CVR-44623528-A102724 |url=https://devtracker.fcdo.gov.uk/programme/DK-CVR-44623528-A102724/summary |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=devtracker.fcdo.gov.uk}}</ref> == Tarihi == CRIDF sabon shirin samar da ruwa ne na Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya (DFID) don kudancin Afirka. A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Cibiyar tana da niyyar isar da ƙananan kayan aiki masu ɗorewa a cikin ƙasashe 11 na Kudancin Afirka (SADC). Hedikwatar a [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], shirin da ake buƙata yana mai da hankali kan sabis na ruwa, gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, da aikin gona, yana haifar da tasiri mai ɗorewa akan ruwan yankin, abinci da tsaro na makamashi Baya ga samar da tallafi tare da ƙirar tsarin ban ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin UNDP-GEF don ayyukan zanga-zangar rayuwa, CRIDF ta ba da tallafinta ga aikin OKACOM-EU ta hanyar tsara tashoshin hydrometric guda huɗu waɗanda za a gina a cikin kwandon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility (CRIDF) {{!}} OKACOM |url=https://www.okacom.org/climate-resilient-infrastructure-development-facility-cridf |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.okacom.org}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Babban manufar CRIDF ita ce canza hanyar da ake amfani da ababen more rayuwa na ruwa don kara karfin yanayi ga 'yan Afirka na Kudu waɗanda ke talauci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility |url=https://intdev.tetratecheurope.com/projects/cridf-southern-africa/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=intdevtetratecheurope.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Koyaya, CRIDF yana sauƙaƙa: * Haɗin kai da fadada kasuwanci wanda ke haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da raba; * Haɗin gwiwa don sarrafa ƙarancin albarkatun ƙetare, don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, gina ƙarfin yanayi da kuma magance batutuwan zaman lafiya, ikon mallaka da tsaro. * Haɗin kai don magance farashi yadda ya kamata tare da batutuwan da ke fuskantar yankin - kamar canjin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, CRIDF tana ba da ƙungiyoyi masu cancanta da ayyukan Sabis mai Ba da Shawara (RAS) wanda ke ba da sabis mai sauri akan buƙata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Resilient Infrastructure Development Facility – SouthSouthNorth |url=https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/climate-resilient-infrastructure-development-facility-cridf/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Manazarta == eobc0wknbfrj34p79178do3hhcn4qpm 0 152366 840649 2026-05-28T04:12:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353634122|2018–2021 Southern African drought]]" 840649 wikitext text/x-wiki Yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]] na 2018-2021 wani lokaci ne na fari wanda ya faru a Kudancin Afrika. An fara fari a ƙarshen Oktoba 2018, kuma ya shafi tsaron abinci a yankin. A tsakiyar watan Agusta 2019, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class ta hanyar Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe from 11 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 15 Feb 2019 00:27 UTC |url=http://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=9&eventtype=DR |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> An rage matakin faɗakarwa zuwa Orange-1.7 a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2019, yayin da sabon lokacin rigar ya fara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Zambezi Basin-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe from 21 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 01 Dec 2019 13:51 UTC |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=42&eventtype=DR |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red alert Drought for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Congo, DRC, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=46&eventtype=DR |access-date=2020-01-22 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> Rashin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=Global Weather Hazards Summary: March 5 - 11, 2021 - World |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-weather-hazards-summary-march-5-11-2021 |access-date=2021-03-10 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Da farko a watan Oktoba 2021, Afirka ta Kudu ta sami sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama kuma tafkunan sun cika a farkon 2022. == Bayyanawa == === Tarihi === A matsayin yanki, Kudancin Afirka a tarihi yana cikin haɗarin fari; yiwuwar saboda dalilai da yawa na yanayi da zamantakewa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Southern Africa {{!}} Drought {{sic|Situtation|nolink=y}} – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map {{!}} 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[Yanayin Afirka ta Kudu|Yanayin Kudancin Afirka]] yana shafar yanayin ruwan sama mai karfi na yanayi; yawancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin yana samuwa ne daga guguwa daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa Maris, yana samar da abin da ake la'akari da Lokacin rigar Kudancin Afrika. Watanni masu laushi na ruwan sama suna cika ƙasar yankin, suna ba da danshi wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin watanni masu bushewa na shekara. Duk da yake wannan sake zagayowar yawanci abin dogaro ne, abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi - kamar abubuwan da suka faru na [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] - suna rushe matakin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Africa: Drought - Nov 2018 |url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/dr-2018-000429-zwe |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da raguwar rayuwar shuke-shuke na yankin, raguwar matakan ruwa a cikin ruwa da asarar danshi daga ƙasa, tare da tasirin ƙarshe yana haifar da fari. Kamar yadda kafofin suka lura, ƙananan Ci gaban tattalin arziki na Kudancin Afirka da dogaro da aikin gona - wato amfanin gona da dabbobi - sun bar yankin da ke da saukin kamuwa da fari.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Southern Africa {{!}} Drought {{sic|Situtation|nolink=y}} – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map {{!}} 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo "Southern Africa | Drought Situtation&#x20;&#x5B;''sic''&#x5D; – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map | 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe"]. ''ReliefWeb''. 2019-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Kodayake akwai bambance-bambance, ma[[noma]] na yankin shuka shuka amfanin gonar su na gaba a ƙarshen Oktoba - wannan shuka yana daidai da ruwan sama da ake tsammani wanda ya fara zuwa a watan Nuwamba. Watanni biyar zuwa shida masu zuwa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "mai tsabta", a lokacin da ake cin abinci da aka adana yayin da ruwan sama na "ruwa" na lokaci guda ke ciyar da amfanin gona na shekara mai zuwa. Koyaya, idan ruwan sama na yau da kullun ya rushe ta hanyar yanayin yanayi, ana jinkirta shuka har zuwa Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba, wanda ke haifar da tsawon lokacin "mai laushi" kafin a iya girbe amfanin gona. Idan yanayin yanayi na yankin ya lalace sosai don haifar da fari, rashin ruwan sama da asarar danshi daga ƙasa sau da yawa yakan haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin samar da aikin gona na Kudancin Afirka; sakamakon yanayin tattalin arziki yana haifar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa da raguwa a matakin tsaro na abinci na yanki.<ref name=":2" /> A ƙarshen 2015 - farkon kakar 2016, wani taron El Niño ya haifar da fari a wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2019 |title=FAO in the 2019 humanitarian appeal: 2018/19 El Niño Response Plan for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/fao-2019-humanitarian-appeal-201819-el-ni-o-response-plan-southern-africa |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa farkon fari na El Niño na 2018-19, wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka ba su riga sun warke daga tasirin fari na baya ba.<ref name=":0" /> A Namibia, fari na 2012/2013 an yi la'akari da shi mafi muni a cikin shekaru goma kamar yadda kusan kashi 42% idan yawan jama'a sun fuskanci rashin tsaro na abinci. Gwamnatin Namibia ta ayyana dokar ta baci a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shikangalah |first=Rosemary |date=30 July 2020 |title=The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342610841 |journal=University of Namibia |pages=40 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> == fari na 2018-2021 == === Gargaɗin farko === A watan Agusta da Satumba na shekara ta 2018, kungiyoyi da yawa sun fara gargadi manoma game da yiwuwar fari mai zuwa. A watan Agustan 2018 Kudancin Afirka ya shawarci manoma da su guji sayar da wasu abincin da suka adana daga kakar da ta gabata, kuma a watan Satumbar 2018 Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta ba da gargadi ga ƙasashen Kudancin Afrika game da samar da yanayin fari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2018 |title=FAO Warns Southern Africa to Prepare for Drought |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/fao-warns-southern-africa-to-prepare-for-drought/4559235.html |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Patrick Kormawa, mai kula da yanki na FAO a Kudancin Afirka, ya yi hasashen yiwuwar kashi 40 cikin 100 da yankin zai shafi wani taron El Niño a cikin Fall 2018.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == hpxm61yuc3lxsbj32a06t4793dhn19s 840650 840649 2026-05-28T04:13:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 840650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]] na 2018-2021 wani lokaci ne na fari wanda ya faru a Kudancin Afrika. An fara fari a ƙarshen Oktoba 2018, kuma ya shafi tsaron abinci a yankin. A tsakiyar watan Agusta 2019, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class ta hanyar Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe from 11 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 15 Feb 2019 00:27 UTC |url=http://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=9&eventtype=DR |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> An rage matakin faɗakarwa zuwa Orange-1.7 a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2019, yayin da sabon lokacin rigar ya fara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Zambezi Basin-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe from 21 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 01 Dec 2019 13:51 UTC |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=42&eventtype=DR |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red alert Drought for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Congo, DRC, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=46&eventtype=DR |access-date=2020-01-22 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> Rashin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=Global Weather Hazards Summary: March 5 - 11, 2021 - World |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-weather-hazards-summary-march-5-11-2021 |access-date=2021-03-10 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Da farko a watan Oktoba 2021, Afirka ta Kudu ta sami sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama kuma tafkunan sun cika a farkon 2022. == Bayyanawa == === Tarihi === A matsayin yanki, Kudancin Afirka a tarihi yana cikin haɗarin fari; yiwuwar saboda dalilai da yawa na yanayi da zamantakewa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Southern Africa {{!}} Drought {{sic|Situtation|nolink=y}} – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map {{!}} 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[Yanayin Afirka ta Kudu|Yanayin Kudancin Afirka]] yana shafar yanayin ruwan sama mai karfi na yanayi; yawancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin yana samuwa ne daga guguwa daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa Maris, yana samar da abin da ake la'akari da Lokacin rigar Kudancin Afrika. Watanni masu laushi na ruwan sama suna cika ƙasar yankin, suna ba da danshi wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin watanni masu bushewa na shekara. Duk da yake wannan sake zagayowar yawanci abin dogaro ne, abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi - kamar abubuwan da suka faru na [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] - suna rushe matakin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Africa: Drought - Nov 2018 |url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/dr-2018-000429-zwe |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da raguwar rayuwar shuke-shuke na yankin, raguwar matakan ruwa a cikin ruwa da asarar danshi daga ƙasa, tare da tasirin ƙarshe yana haifar da fari. Kamar yadda kafofin suka lura, ƙananan Ci gaban tattalin arziki na Kudancin Afirka da dogaro da aikin gona - wato amfanin gona da dabbobi - sun bar yankin da ke da saukin kamuwa da fari.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Southern Africa {{!}} Drought {{sic|Situtation|nolink=y}} – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map {{!}} 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo "Southern Africa | Drought Situtation&#x20;&#x5B;''sic''&#x5D; – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map | 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe"]. ''ReliefWeb''. 2019-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Kodayake akwai bambance-bambance, ma[[noma]] na yankin shuka shuka amfanin gonar su na gaba a ƙarshen Oktoba - wannan shuka yana daidai da ruwan sama da ake tsammani wanda ya fara zuwa a watan Nuwamba. Watanni biyar zuwa shida masu zuwa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "mai tsabta", a lokacin da ake cin abinci da aka adana yayin da ruwan sama na "ruwa" na lokaci guda ke ciyar da amfanin gona na shekara mai zuwa. Koyaya, idan ruwan sama na yau da kullun ya rushe ta hanyar yanayin yanayi, ana jinkirta shuka har zuwa Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba, wanda ke haifar da tsawon lokacin "mai laushi" kafin a iya girbe amfanin gona. Idan yanayin yanayi na yankin ya lalace sosai don haifar da fari, rashin ruwan sama da asarar danshi daga ƙasa sau da yawa yakan haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin samar da aikin gona na Kudancin Afirka; sakamakon yanayin tattalin arziki yana haifar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa da raguwa a matakin tsaro na abinci na yanki.<ref name=":2" /> A ƙarshen 2015 - farkon kakar 2016, wani taron El Niño ya haifar da fari a wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2019 |title=FAO in the 2019 humanitarian appeal: 2018/19 El Niño Response Plan for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/fao-2019-humanitarian-appeal-201819-el-ni-o-response-plan-southern-africa |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa farkon fari na El Niño na 2018-19, wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka ba su riga sun warke daga tasirin fari na baya ba.<ref name=":0" /> A Namibia, fari na 2012/2013 an yi la'akari da shi mafi muni a cikin shekaru goma kamar yadda kusan kashi 42% idan yawan jama'a sun fuskanci rashin tsaro na abinci. Gwamnatin Namibia ta ayyana dokar ta baci a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shikangalah |first=Rosemary |date=30 July 2020 |title=The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342610841 |journal=University of Namibia |pages=40 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> == fari na 2018-2021 == === Gargaɗin farko === A watan Agusta da Satumba na shekara ta 2018, kungiyoyi da yawa sun fara gargadi manoma game da yiwuwar fari mai zuwa. A watan Agustan 2018 Kudancin Afirka ya shawarci manoma da su guji sayar da wasu abincin da suka adana daga kakar da ta gabata, kuma a watan Satumbar 2018 Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta ba da gargadi ga ƙasashen Kudancin Afrika game da samar da yanayin fari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2018 |title=FAO Warns Southern Africa to Prepare for Drought |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/fao-warns-southern-africa-to-prepare-for-drought/4559235.html |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Patrick Kormawa, mai kula da yanki na FAO a Kudancin Afirka, ya yi hasashen yiwuwar kashi 40 cikin 100 da yankin zai shafi wani taron El Niño a cikin Fall 2018.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == 0f0sjrblht92rj7lby0g2mctppvfl0a 0 152367 840651 2026-05-28T04:14:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343666695|Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation]]" 840651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya''' ('''LWSC''') shine kamfanin gwamnati na kasa wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta a Laberiya. An kafa shi a cikin 1973 ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, kamfanin yana da alhakin ci gaba, aiki, da kuma kula da samar da ruwa na jama'a da tsarin shara, tare da babban yankin aiki a babban birnin, [[Monrovia]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the LWSC – The Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/about-the-lwsc/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 1973 ta Laberiya ta kafa Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya a matsayin magaji ga hukumomin ruwa na jama'a da ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a birane. Halitta ta tsara alhakin gwamnati na tsakiya na ruwa da ayyukan shara, musamman a Monrovia da sauran manyan cibiyoyin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resettlement Action plan (Section Two) |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/579431468299084972/pdf/RP15140v20REVI000PUBLIC00Box379871B.pdf |website=[[Worldbank]]}}</ref> A lokacin yakin basasar Liberia (1989-2003), yawancin kayan aikin ruwa na kasar sun lalace ko kuma sun zama marasa aiki. Bayan karshen rikici, LWSC ya zama babban ma'aikata a kokarin sake ginawa na kasa, gudanar da gyaran gaggawa da kuma farfado da tsire-tsire na dogon lokaci na tsire-tire na tsabtace ruwa, cibiyoyin rarrabawa, da tashoshin famfo tare da tallafi daga masu ba da gudummawa na duniya da hukumomin ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Liberia |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/469d440b-908c-5303-94d0-11e6de75170a/content |website=[[Worldbank]]}}</ref> == Gudanarwa da tsari == Baya ga aikin aiki na LWSC, an tsara bangaren ruwa na Laberiya ta hanyar kokarin majalisa don karfafa mulki, tsari, da ka'idojin sabis. A cikin 2017, Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Dokoki ta Liberia sun zartar da Dokar Bayar da Ruwa da Wuriyar da ke kafa tsarin tsarin mulki na kasa wanda aka nufa don kula da samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta, gami da tsarin farashi, lasisi, da ka'idojin sabis, kodayake cikakken aiwatar da hukumar kula da ruwa ya samo asali a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberian Senate passes Water Supply and Sanitation Act |url=https://stockholmwaterfoundation.org/latest/liberian-senate-passes-water-supply-sanitation-act/ |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> A karkashin wannan tsarin, Hukumar Ruwa, Sanitation & Hygiene ta Laberiya daga baya ta kafa ta doka don ingantawa da tsara ruwa, tsabtace tsabtace tsabta da ci gaban bangaren tsabta da daidaitawa a fadin ma'aikatun gwamnati, LWSC, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASH Commission Act |url=https://www.undp.org/liberia/publications/wash-commission-act |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> == Infrastructure da ayyuka == Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya (LWSC) yana aiki da tsarin kula da ruwa na tsakiya da farko don yankin Monrovia mafi girma, yayin da yawancin mazauna, musamman a cikin yankunan da ke fadada cikin birane, sun dogara da cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyoyin da ba a sani ba.<ref name="vuawater.com">{{Cite web |title=How a City Gets its Drinking Water - A Case Study - Capital City of Monrovia, Liberia |url=https://vuawater.com/Case-Study-Files/Urban_Groundwater_Based_WS/Liberia_Monrovia_Abstract_Final-2012.pdf |website=vuawater.com}}</ref> Babban tushen ruwa na Monrovia shine [[Saint Paul River (Liberia)|Kogin St. Paul]], wanda Dutsen Kofi ya rufe shi. Jirgin mai nisan kilomita 5, mai nisan mita ɗaya yana isar da ruwa daga tafkin madatsar ruwa zuwa White Plains Water Treatment Plant a Louisiana, Montserrado County . <ref name="LWSCPipeline">{{Cite web |title=LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)}}</ref> An sake gyara wannan bututun kuma an sake ba da izini a cikin 2019 tare da tallafin dala miliyan 18 daga Millennium Challenge Account (MCA), maye gurbin layin da aka gina a cikin 1990. Sabon abin sha yana jawo ruwa daga sama a cikin tafkin don kauce wa shigar saline wanda ya shafi tsohuwar abin sha.<ref name="LWSCPipeline" /> Kamfanin White Plains yana da ƙirar magani na mita cubic 68,100 a kowace rana (matakin da aka samu a cikin shekarun 1970s). <ref name="LWSCPipeline">{{Cite web |title=LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ "LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant"]. </cite></ref> Bayan magani, ana adana ruwa a cikin rijiyoyi masu tsabta a wurin tare da haɗin ƙarfin kusan lita miliyan 2.5 (lita miliyan 9.5) kafin a watsa shi zuwa birni ta hanyar bututun 36-inch da 16-inch. A watan Yulin 2023, Manajan Darakta na LWSC, Alphonso Gaye ya jagoranci babban tsaftacewa na kwana biyar, disinfection, da kuma aikin kulawa a masana'antar don inganta ingancin ruwa da daidaito na aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=FPA Staff |date=Jul 6, 2023 |title=Water Treatment Plant Gets Major Boost As MD Gaye Leads Major Endeavors |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/water-treatment-plant-gets-major-boost-as-md-gaye-leads-major-endeavors/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> === Ayyuka masu ci gaba da sabuntawa === A watan Yulin 2025, LWSC ta kaddamar da aikin haɗin ruwa na gaggawa na dala miliyan 1.48 da nufin samar da ruwa mai bututu ga gidaje 2,500 da ba a kula da su ba a Greater Monrovia, wanda Bankin Duniya ya ba da kuɗin a ƙarƙashin Laberiya Urban Resilience Project (LURP). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boayue |first=Francis G. |date=Jul 3, 2025 |title=Liberia: LWSC, Public Works Launch $1.4M Emergency Water Connection Project in Montserrado |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/liberia-lwsc-public-works-launch-1-4m-emergency-water-connection-project-in-montserrado/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2025, LWSC ta ƙaddamar da wani aikin samar da ruwa na dala miliyan 2 na Amurka don faɗaɗa ayyukanta zuwa yankin kudu maso gabashin Liberia, musamman a Pleebo, Gundumar Maryland da Zwedru, Gundumar Grand Gedeh . Bangaren Pleebo ya ƙunshi haƙa rijiyoyi uku da gina tsarin amfani da hasken rana, gami da {{Convert|350|m3}} hasumiyar ruwa da {{Convert|10|km}} na bututun mai, wanda ke da nufin fara amfanar mazauna 30,000. Bangaren Zwedru ya mayar da hankali kan gyara gidaje sama da {{Convert|10|km}} na layukan rarrabawa da suka lalace don sake haɗa gidaje kusan 600. An kuma sanar da wani ɓangare na uku na Greenville, gundumar Sinoe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=Peter P. Toe |date=Oct 30, 2025 |title=Liberia: LWSC Launches US$2 Million Water Projects in Pleebo and Zwedru to Boost Access to Clean Water |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/liberia-lwsc-launches-us2-million-water-projects-in-pleebo-and-zwedru-to-boost-access-to-clean-water/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == i304gnvulvulli5te8xzivpqb9ovjat 840652 840651 2026-05-28T04:14:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 840652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya''' ('''LWSC''') shine kamfanin gwamnati na kasa wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta a Laberiya. An kafa shi a cikin 1973 ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, kamfanin yana da alhakin ci gaba, aiki, da kuma kula da samar da ruwa na jama'a da tsarin shara, tare da babban yankin aiki a babban birnin, [[Monrovia]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the LWSC – The Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/about-the-lwsc/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 1973 ta Laberiya ta kafa Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya a matsayin magaji ga hukumomin ruwa na jama'a da ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a birane. Halitta ta tsara alhakin gwamnati na tsakiya na ruwa da ayyukan shara, musamman a Monrovia da sauran manyan cibiyoyin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resettlement Action plan (Section Two) |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/579431468299084972/pdf/RP15140v20REVI000PUBLIC00Box379871B.pdf |website=[[Worldbank]]}}</ref> A lokacin yakin basasar Liberia (1989-2003), yawancin kayan aikin ruwa na kasar sun lalace ko kuma sun zama marasa aiki. Bayan karshen rikici, LWSC ya zama babban ma'aikata a kokarin sake ginawa na kasa, gudanar da gyaran gaggawa da kuma farfado da tsire-tsire na dogon lokaci na tsire-tire na tsabtace ruwa, cibiyoyin rarrabawa, da tashoshin famfo tare da tallafi daga masu ba da gudummawa na duniya da hukumomin ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Supply and Sanitation in Liberia |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/469d440b-908c-5303-94d0-11e6de75170a/content |website=[[Worldbank]]}}</ref> == Gudanarwa da tsari == Baya ga aikin aiki na LWSC, an tsara bangaren ruwa na Laberiya ta hanyar kokarin majalisa don karfafa mulki, tsari, da ka'idojin sabis. A cikin 2017, Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Dokoki ta Liberia sun zartar da Dokar Bayar da Ruwa da Wuriyar da ke kafa tsarin tsarin mulki na kasa wanda aka nufa don kula da samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta, gami da tsarin farashi, lasisi, da ka'idojin sabis, kodayake cikakken aiwatar da hukumar kula da ruwa ya samo asali a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberian Senate passes Water Supply and Sanitation Act |url=https://stockholmwaterfoundation.org/latest/liberian-senate-passes-water-supply-sanitation-act/ |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> A karkashin wannan tsarin, Hukumar Ruwa, Sanitation & Hygiene ta Laberiya daga baya ta kafa ta doka don ingantawa da tsara ruwa, tsabtace tsabtace tsabta da ci gaban bangaren tsabta da daidaitawa a fadin ma'aikatun gwamnati, LWSC, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASH Commission Act |url=https://www.undp.org/liberia/publications/wash-commission-act |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> == Infrastructure da ayyuka == Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Laberiya (LWSC) yana aiki da tsarin kula da ruwa na tsakiya da farko don yankin Monrovia mafi girma, yayin da yawancin mazauna, musamman a cikin yankunan da ke fadada cikin birane, sun dogara da cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyoyin da ba a sani ba.<ref name="vuawater.com">{{Cite web |title=How a City Gets its Drinking Water - A Case Study - Capital City of Monrovia, Liberia |url=https://vuawater.com/Case-Study-Files/Urban_Groundwater_Based_WS/Liberia_Monrovia_Abstract_Final-2012.pdf |website=vuawater.com}}</ref> Babban tushen ruwa na Monrovia shine [[Saint Paul River (Liberia)|Kogin St. Paul]], wanda Dutsen Kofi ya rufe shi. Jirgin mai nisan kilomita 5, mai nisan mita ɗaya yana isar da ruwa daga tafkin madatsar ruwa zuwa White Plains Water Treatment Plant a Louisiana, Montserrado County . <ref name="LWSCPipeline">{{Cite web |title=LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)}}</ref> An sake gyara wannan bututun kuma an sake ba da izini a cikin 2019 tare da tallafin dala miliyan 18 daga Millennium Challenge Account (MCA), maye gurbin layin da aka gina a cikin 1990. Sabon abin sha yana jawo ruwa daga sama a cikin tafkin don kauce wa shigar saline wanda ya shafi tsohuwar abin sha.<ref name="LWSCPipeline" /> Kamfanin White Plains yana da ƙirar magani na mita cubic 68,100 a kowace rana (matakin da aka samu a cikin shekarun 1970s). <ref name="LWSCPipeline">{{Cite web |title=LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant |url=https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ |access-date=29 January 2026 |website=Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation (LWSC)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://lwsc.gov.lr/wp-portfolio/liberia-a-5-km-pipeline-supplies-the-white-plains-drinking-water-plant/ "LIBERIA: a 5 km pipeline supplies the White Plains drinking water plant"]. </cite></ref> Bayan magani, ana adana ruwa a cikin rijiyoyi masu tsabta a wurin tare da haɗin ƙarfin kusan lita miliyan 2.5 (lita miliyan 9.5) kafin a watsa shi zuwa birni ta hanyar bututun 36-inch da 16-inch. A watan Yulin 2023, Manajan Darakta na LWSC, Alphonso Gaye ya jagoranci babban tsaftacewa na kwana biyar, disinfection, da kuma aikin kulawa a masana'antar don inganta ingancin ruwa da daidaito na aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=FPA Staff |date=Jul 6, 2023 |title=Water Treatment Plant Gets Major Boost As MD Gaye Leads Major Endeavors |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/water-treatment-plant-gets-major-boost-as-md-gaye-leads-major-endeavors/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> === Ayyuka masu ci gaba da sabuntawa === A watan Yulin 2025, LWSC ta kaddamar da aikin haɗin ruwa na gaggawa na dala miliyan 1.48 da nufin samar da ruwa mai bututu ga gidaje 2,500 da ba a kula da su ba a Greater Monrovia, wanda Bankin Duniya ya ba da kuɗin a ƙarƙashin Laberiya Urban Resilience Project (LURP). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boayue |first=Francis G. |date=Jul 3, 2025 |title=Liberia: LWSC, Public Works Launch $1.4M Emergency Water Connection Project in Montserrado |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/liberia-lwsc-public-works-launch-1-4m-emergency-water-connection-project-in-montserrado/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2025, LWSC ta ƙaddamar da wani aikin samar da ruwa na dala miliyan 2 na Amurka don faɗaɗa ayyukanta zuwa yankin kudu maso gabashin Liberia, musamman a Pleebo, Gundumar Maryland da Zwedru, Gundumar Grand Gedeh . Bangaren Pleebo ya ƙunshi haƙa rijiyoyi uku da gina tsarin amfani da hasken rana, gami da {{Convert|350|m3}} hasumiyar ruwa da {{Convert|10|km}} na bututun mai, wanda ke da nufin fara amfanar mazauna 30,000. Bangaren Zwedru ya mayar da hankali kan gyara gidaje sama da {{Convert|10|km}} na layukan rarrabawa da suka lalace don sake haɗa gidaje kusan 600. An kuma sanar da wani ɓangare na uku na Greenville, gundumar Sinoe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jr |first=Peter P. Toe |date=Oct 30, 2025 |title=Liberia: LWSC Launches US$2 Million Water Projects in Pleebo and Zwedru to Boost Access to Clean Water |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/liberia-lwsc-launches-us2-million-water-projects-in-pleebo-and-zwedru-to-boost-access-to-clean-water/ |access-date=Jan 29, 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == 32uf2ilk2h2q6twdp4dee9n1cq5rvqe 0 152368 840653 2026-05-28T04:15:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301184721|Zambezi River System Action Plan]]" 840653 wikitext text/x-wiki Zambezi River System Action Plan ('''ZACPLAN''') <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geo-3: Global Environment Outlook |url=http://www.unep.org/geo/geo3/english/604.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119140842/http://www.unep.org/geo/geo3/english/604.htm |archive-date=19 November 2002 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.unep.org}}</ref> wani shiri ne na kasa da kasa a karkashin [[Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UNEP) don haɗa amfani mai tasiri, da kuma gudanar da tsarin [[Kogin Zambezi]].<ref name="sardc.net">{{Cite web |title=SADC TODAY: August 2004 - SARDC |url=http://www.sardc.net/Editorial/sadctoday/v7-3-8-04/zambezi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228160952/http://www.sardc.net/Editorial/sadctoday/v7-3-8-04/zambezi.htm |archive-date=28 February 2005 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.sardc.net}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi ƙasashe takwas: [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], da [[Zimbabwe]]. Dukkanin wadannan kasashen [[Kudancin Afirka]] suna amfani da kogin Zambezi; wannan shirin yana ƙoƙari ya sarrafa albarkatun gaba ɗaya tsakanin, da kuma tsakanin Al'ummomin SADCC don biyan manufofi na ƙasa, da na duniya don albarkatun ruwa.<ref name="sardc.net" /> Saboda babban tafkin kogin da Kogin Zambezi ya kafa tare da masu ba da gudummawa, Shirin Tsarin Kogin Zambèzi shine ƙarshen kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, don mayar da hankali kan tsinkaye cewa buƙatar albarkatun ruwa za su karu. Wannan gasa tana haifar da amfani mara kyau, da kuma rashin amfani da albarkatu ga duk waɗannan ƙasashe a hanyar da ta dace.<ref name="sardc.net" /><ref name="washington.edu">{{Cite web |title=Treatise |url=http://hallway.evans.washington.edu/cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041345/https://hallway.evans.washington.edu//cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |archive-date=2018-03-24 |access-date=2011-05-28 |website=hallway.evans.washington.edu}}</ref> Tattaunawar farko game da wannan shirin ta fara ne a farkon shekarun 1980 don kawo burin da za a ba da fifiko wajen amfani da kogin Zambezi. An tsara jerin manufofi a cikin nau'in aikin Category I, da kuma aikin Category II. Tattaunawar farko da ta shafi ayyukan Category I da Category II ba su yarda ba, saboda dangantakar siyasa tsakanin albarkatu, da ƙasashe ba za su iya zuwa yarjejeniyar ayyukan farko ba.<ref name="washington.edu">{{Cite web |title=Treatise |url=http://hallway.evans.washington.edu/cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041345/https://hallway.evans.washington.edu//cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |archive-date=2018-03-24 |access-date=2011-05-28 |website=hallway.evans.washington.edu}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0ujqt7vntpdv6j1oohk52cwohd9xbw7 840654 840653 2026-05-28T04:15:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zambezi River System Action Plan ('''ZACPLAN''') <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geo-3: Global Environment Outlook |url=http://www.unep.org/geo/geo3/english/604.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119140842/http://www.unep.org/geo/geo3/english/604.htm |archive-date=19 November 2002 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.unep.org}}</ref> wani shiri ne na kasa da kasa a karkashin [[Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] (UNEP) don haɗa amfani mai tasiri, da kuma gudanar da tsarin [[Kogin Zambezi]].<ref name="sardc.net">{{Cite web |title=SADC TODAY: August 2004 - SARDC |url=http://www.sardc.net/Editorial/sadctoday/v7-3-8-04/zambezi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050228160952/http://www.sardc.net/Editorial/sadctoday/v7-3-8-04/zambezi.htm |archive-date=28 February 2005 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=www.sardc.net}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi ƙasashe takwas: [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], da [[Zimbabwe]]. Dukkanin wadannan kasashen [[Kudancin Afirka]] suna amfani da kogin Zambezi; wannan shirin yana ƙoƙari ya sarrafa albarkatun gaba ɗaya tsakanin, da kuma tsakanin Al'ummomin SADCC don biyan manufofi na ƙasa, da na duniya don albarkatun ruwa.<ref name="sardc.net" /> Saboda babban tafkin kogin da Kogin Zambezi ya kafa tare da masu ba da gudummawa, Shirin Tsarin Kogin Zambèzi shine ƙarshen kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, don mayar da hankali kan tsinkaye cewa buƙatar albarkatun ruwa za su karu. Wannan gasa tana haifar da amfani mara kyau, da kuma rashin amfani da albarkatu ga duk waɗannan ƙasashe a hanyar da ta dace.<ref name="sardc.net" /><ref name="washington.edu">{{Cite web |title=Treatise |url=http://hallway.evans.washington.edu/cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041345/https://hallway.evans.washington.edu//cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |archive-date=2018-03-24 |access-date=2011-05-28 |website=hallway.evans.washington.edu}}</ref> Tattaunawar farko game da wannan shirin ta fara ne a farkon shekarun 1980 don kawo burin da za a ba da fifiko wajen amfani da kogin Zambezi. An tsara jerin manufofi a cikin nau'in aikin Category I, da kuma aikin Category II. Tattaunawar farko da ta shafi ayyukan Category I da Category II ba su yarda ba, saboda dangantakar siyasa tsakanin albarkatu, da ƙasashe ba za su iya zuwa yarjejeniyar ayyukan farko ba.<ref name="washington.edu">{{Cite web |title=Treatise |url=http://hallway.evans.washington.edu/cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041345/https://hallway.evans.washington.edu//cases/disagreements-behind-agreement |archive-date=2018-03-24 |access-date=2011-05-28 |website=hallway.evans.washington.edu}}</ref> == Manazarta == akahv2rk8pmu142663vcp7pr1z03xez 0 152369 840655 2026-05-28T04:15:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255051711|Chott el Hodna]]" 840655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Chott el Hodna''''' (Arabic) tafkin gishiri ne mai zurfi a [[Aljeriya]] . Tana cikin wani kwandon endorheic a yankin Hodna, zuwa gabashin ƙarshen Hautes Plaines. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chott el-Hodna (lake, Algeria) |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/268629/Chott-el-Hodna |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> ''Chott el Hodna'' ya haɗa da tafkunan saline da marshes na yanayi, amma yankin tsakiya na tafkin yana da cikakkiyar rashin ciyayi. J. Après ya yi jayayya cewa ''''Chott'' el Hodna'' ba Chott ne mai kyau ba, amma ''Sebkha'' ne. == Muhalli == Yankin ''chott'' yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga wasu nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari kamar su Cuvier's gazelle, da marble duck da nau'o-nau'i daban-daban, da kuma nau'in kifi na asali. An ayyana ''Chott el Hodna'' a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2001. == Dubi kuma == * [[Yanayin Aljeriya]] * Hodna == Manazarta == jhbtwcpwq7nrw7rgh1cbt6wo07mkzwa 840656 840655 2026-05-28T04:16:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 840656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Chott el Hodna''''' (Arabic) tafkin gishiri ne mai zurfi a [[Aljeriya]] . Tana cikin wani kwandon endorheic a yankin Hodna, zuwa gabashin ƙarshen Hautes Plaines. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chott el-Hodna (lake, Algeria) |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/268629/Chott-el-Hodna |access-date=21 June 2013 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> ''Chott el Hodna'' ya haɗa da tafkunan saline da marshes na yanayi, amma yankin tsakiya na tafkin yana da cikakkiyar rashin ciyayi. J. Après ya yi jayayya cewa ''''Chott'' el Hodna'' ba Chott ne mai kyau ba, amma ''Sebkha'' ne. == Muhalli == Yankin ''chott'' yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga wasu nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari kamar su Cuvier's gazelle, da marble duck da nau'o-nau'i daban-daban, da kuma nau'in kifi na asali. An ayyana ''Chott el Hodna'' a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2001. == Dubi kuma == * [[Yanayin Aljeriya]] * Hodna == Manazarta == nqhlb42ct7rgvalgv7up97kyr14npgf 0 152370 840657 2026-05-28T04:16:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343935497|Chott Tinsilt]]" 840657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chott Tinsilt''' tafkin gishiri ne wanda ke cikin High Plateau Wetlands, wanda ke cikin Lardin Oum El Bouaghi . An sanya shafin a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2004. Gwamnatin Kula da dazuzzuka ta Ouled Zouai, Daraktan albarkatun ruwa, da Sufetocin Muhalli na Yankin suna kula da gudanarwarta. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ruwa === Chott Tinsilt yana cikin yankin arewacin Ouled Zouai Plain, wanda ke da iyaka da tuddai. Yawancin Chott Tinsilt ana samun su ne ta hanyar hazo daga Wadi Ben Zerhaib. Bugu da ƙari, ana fitar da datti daga Souk Naamane zuwa gefen arewa maso yamma a cikin ƙananan yawa. Rashin ruwa yana gefen kudu maso yammacin shafin kuma yana ratsa yankin har sai ya kai Sabkhet Al-Zamoul. Chott Tinsilt yana da yanki na 10,300 ha, tare da matsakaicin zurfin kusan rabin mita.&nbsp; === Wurin da yake === Chott Tinsilt hanya ce da aka raba tsakanin kananan hukumomin Souk Naamane da Ouled Zouai a yankin Oum El Bouaghi . Shafin yana da nisan kilomita 5 daga Souk Naamane da kilomita 17 zuwa kudancin Ain M'lila. A gabas, Chott Tinsilt tana da iyaka da National Road No.3, wanda ke haɗa [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]] zuwa Batna da layin dogo tsakanin [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]], Biskra, da Sabkhet Al-Zamoul . &nbsp;&nbsp; === Yanayi === Yanayin yankin yana da tsaka-tsaki, tare da hazo na 196-370 mm a kowace shekara. Ruwan sama yana da nauyin da kuma yanayin da ba daidai ba. Yankin yana fuskantar hunturu mai sanyi wanda ya dace da yanayin sanyi na nahiyar, tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na digiri 2.9 na Celsius. A lokacin rani, iskar Sirocco tana ba da gudummawa ga bushewa da yanayin zafi, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na digiri 36.9 na Celsius.&nbsp; == Dabbobi na daji == An lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye goma sha ɗaya suna ƙaura zuwa Chott Tinsilt a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Wadannan sun hada da mallard, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, arewacin pintail, arewacin shoveler, greylag goose, shelduck na yau da kullun, fararen kai duck, Eurasian coot, mafi girma flamingo, da kuma kwaya na yau da kullum. A shekara ta 2005, jimlar yawan tsuntsaye da aka lura a shafin ya kai kusan 9025. An sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Chott de Tinnsilt |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/chott-de-tinnsilt-iba-algeria |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da ja fox, golden jackal, Cape hare da baƙar fata. Dabbobi masu rai da ruwa sun hada da berber toad. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun hada da ''Acanthodactylus'' sp. da kuma tururuwar tafkin Turai. dabbobi marasa rai da dabbobi masu kama da crustacean sun hada da gastropods. == Manazarta == 2ayd5ldiv2s3pfv7s6q96liexlwhywt 840658 840657 2026-05-28T04:16:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 840658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chott Tinsilt''' tafkin gishiri ne wanda ke cikin High Plateau Wetlands, wanda ke cikin Lardin Oum El Bouaghi . An sanya shafin a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2004. Gwamnatin Kula da dazuzzuka ta Ouled Zouai, Daraktan albarkatun ruwa, da Sufetocin Muhalli na Yankin suna kula da gudanarwarta. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ruwa === Chott Tinsilt yana cikin yankin arewacin Ouled Zouai Plain, wanda ke da iyaka da tuddai. Yawancin Chott Tinsilt ana samun su ne ta hanyar hazo daga Wadi Ben Zerhaib. Bugu da ƙari, ana fitar da datti daga Souk Naamane zuwa gefen arewa maso yamma a cikin ƙananan yawa. Rashin ruwa yana gefen kudu maso yammacin shafin kuma yana ratsa yankin har sai ya kai Sabkhet Al-Zamoul. Chott Tinsilt yana da yanki na 10,300 ha, tare da matsakaicin zurfin kusan rabin mita.&nbsp; === Wurin da yake === Chott Tinsilt hanya ce da aka raba tsakanin kananan hukumomin Souk Naamane da Ouled Zouai a yankin Oum El Bouaghi . Shafin yana da nisan kilomita 5 daga Souk Naamane da kilomita 17 zuwa kudancin Ain M'lila. A gabas, Chott Tinsilt tana da iyaka da National Road No.3, wanda ke haɗa [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]] zuwa Batna da layin dogo tsakanin [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]], Biskra, da Sabkhet Al-Zamoul . &nbsp;&nbsp; === Yanayi === Yanayin yankin yana da tsaka-tsaki, tare da hazo na 196-370 mm a kowace shekara. Ruwan sama yana da nauyin da kuma yanayin da ba daidai ba. Yankin yana fuskantar hunturu mai sanyi wanda ya dace da yanayin sanyi na nahiyar, tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na digiri 2.9 na Celsius. A lokacin rani, iskar Sirocco tana ba da gudummawa ga bushewa da yanayin zafi, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na digiri 36.9 na Celsius.&nbsp; == Dabbobi na daji == An lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye goma sha ɗaya suna ƙaura zuwa Chott Tinsilt a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Wadannan sun hada da mallard, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, arewacin pintail, arewacin shoveler, greylag goose, shelduck na yau da kullun, fararen kai duck, Eurasian coot, mafi girma flamingo, da kuma kwaya na yau da kullum. A shekara ta 2005, jimlar yawan tsuntsaye da aka lura a shafin ya kai kusan 9025. An sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Chott de Tinnsilt |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/chott-de-tinnsilt-iba-algeria |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da ja fox, golden jackal, Cape hare da baƙar fata. Dabbobi masu rai da ruwa sun hada da berber toad. Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun hada da ''Acanthodactylus'' sp. da kuma tururuwar tafkin Turai. dabbobi marasa rai da dabbobi masu kama da crustacean sun hada da gastropods. == Manazarta == nmuhuvwnlg60j21qrcbxjhc76iwsrc0 0 152371 840659 2026-05-28T04:17:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1287550503|Dhaya]]" 840659 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر_2.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_المدية.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر_3.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية.jpg </gallery>'''Al Dhaya''' tafki ne a cikin Tamesguida, Medea , Aljeriya . Yana da tsawo na mita 1200 sama da matakin teku, a kan iyakokin lardunan Medea da Medea . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2024 |title=سحر بحيرة الضاية يستقطب العائلات في عز فصل الربيع |url=https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/243158/%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9/ |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=الخبر |language=ar}}</ref> ''El Massa'' ya dauke shi daya daga cikin tabkuna mafi girma a saman matakin ƙasa a Aljeriya da Arewacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2022 |title=ملجأ عشّاق الطبيعة والباحثين عن الهدوء |trans-title=A haven for nature lovers and tranquility seekers |url=https://www.el-massa.com/dz/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A3-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A1 |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=المساء |language=ar}}</ref> == Hotuna == == Dubi kuma == * Chott Melrhir * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun == Manazarta == a1do0cz0mvn6ocktrttxl2dwd1estkw 840660 840659 2026-05-28T04:17:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 840660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<gallery> Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر_2.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_المدية.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية_الجزائر_3.jpg Fayil:بحيرة_الضاية.jpg </gallery>'''Al Dhaya''' tafki ne a cikin Tamesguida, Medea , Aljeriya . Yana da tsawo na mita 1200 sama da matakin teku, a kan iyakokin lardunan Medea da Medea . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2024 |title=سحر بحيرة الضاية يستقطب العائلات في عز فصل الربيع |url=https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/243158/%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9/ |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=الخبر |language=ar}}</ref> ''El Massa'' ya dauke shi daya daga cikin tabkuna mafi girma a saman matakin ƙasa a Aljeriya da Arewacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2022 |title=ملجأ عشّاق الطبيعة والباحثين عن الهدوء |trans-title=A haven for nature lovers and tranquility seekers |url=https://www.el-massa.com/dz/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A3-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A1 |access-date=September 25, 2024 |website=المساء |language=ar}}</ref> == Hotuna == == Dubi kuma == * Chott Melrhir * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun == Manazarta == nqn10vfqc9yp7adex3db044rmoyijls 0 152372 840661 2026-05-28T04:18:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330573867|Lake Fetzara]]" 840661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Fetzara''' yana cikin arewa maso gabashin [[Aljeriya]], {{Convert|18|km}} (11 kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Annaba]]. Ya auna {{Convert|17|km}} (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita {{Convert|13|km}} (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu, tare da yanki na kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). An rarraba shi a hukumance a matsayin yanki "Ramsar", wanda ya haɗa da kariya ga wannan wuri. An gudanar da bincike da yawa a kan ruwa da ƙasa na yankin Fetzara [1-7]. An gudanar da waɗannan binciken don saka idanu kan gishiri da kuma nuna asalinsa da abubuwan da ke jagoranta. Babban manufar wannan binciken shine kimanta kaddarorin ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara waɗanda abin da ya faru na salinization ya shafa da kuma nazarin bambancin su tare da zurfi. An dauki samfurori a kan yadudduka biyu na farko (0-20 cm da 20-40 cm) a maki takwas a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, don jimlar samfurori 16. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa gishirin ƙasa ya kai matsakaicin sa a arewa maso gabas (yankin Wadi Zied) da kudancin Tafkin (yankin Cheurfa) tare da rinjaye na sodium chloride-chemical facies.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Geographic_situation_of_Fetzara_Lake.png|thumb|Yanayin ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara]] Tafkin Fetzara yana da nisan kilomita 18 a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Annaba]] a gabashin gabashin [[Aljeriya]]. Yana da kilomita 17 (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 13 (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu tare da farfajiyar kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). Wannan yanki yana ƙarƙashin yanayin [[Bahar Rum]] tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban: ɗaya mai laushi ɗayan kuma bushe. Ruwan tafkin na wucin gadi ne dangane da tsananin lokacin ruwan sama wanda ya dogara da shi kusan kawai, gabaɗaya yanki ne na sama da hekta 13000 na ƙasar da aka ambaliya a cikin hunturu kuma yana samar da manyan makiyaya. Kasancewar babban tashar da ke fadin tafkin daga yamma zuwa gabas yana samar da magudanar ruwa, amma bai isa ya kwashe ruwa a cikin hunturu ba.&nbsp; Masanin ilimin ƙasa Henri Fournel ya gano ajiyar Magnetite kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bône a cikin 1843.{{Sfn|Iron and Steel Institute|1880}} Mine din yana da kimanin kilomita 22 (kilomita 35) daga Bone a cikin tudun Mokta kusa da Tafkin Fetzara a ƙarƙashin jerin dutse wanda ke gudana daga kudu zuwa arewa, sannan ya juya gabas na tashar jiragen ruwa na Bone. Sunan "Mokta-el-Hadid" (ƙofar ƙarfe) ya nuna cewa an san ajiyar ƙarfe tun da daɗewa, amma babu wata alama cewa an yi aiki kafin ƙoƙarin farko na ƙaramin ƙarfe a cikin 1840.{{Sfn|Mining Journal|1878}} A wannan lokacin tsawo na tafkin zai kai mita 16 (52 a cikin hunturu, tare da yanki na hekta 14,000 (35,000 acres). Tafkin yana da iyaka da kara da rushes, wanda tsuntsaye masu ƙaura ke amfani da shi don yin gida, yana da wadataccen kifi.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} An dauki tafkin a matsayin tushen zazzabi, kuma an ba da shawarar tashar ruwa mai nisan kilomita 16 (9.9 da ke gudana cikin Oued Meboudja, amma kodayake Société Générale Algérienne (SGA) tana da haƙƙin arewa da gabashin gabar tafkin ba ta yi komai ba.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} A cikin shekarun 1870 kamfanin hakar ma'adinai ya dasa itatuwan eucalyptus da yawa a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, amma dukansu an kashe su ne ta hanyar ruwan gishiri da ke fitowa daga tafkin.{{Sfn|Davis|2007}} {{Efn|A report published in 1901 said, "The example of Lake Fetzara has been much quoted; its marshy miasma infected the large mining works of Mokta-el-Hadid, decimated the staff, and rendered existence in this locality insupportable. Now, thanks to well developed forests of Eucalyptus, it presents all the conditions of a tolerable hygiene." The report then noted that the improvement could also be attributed in part to better medical attention and the fact that most of the staff commuted to work from Bône.{{sfn|Tommasi-Crudeli|1903|p=4}}}} A cikin 1877 kamfanin Mokta El Hadid ya sami izinin zubar da tafkin don musayar canja wurin kyauta na ƙasar da aka dawo da ita. Wata tashar da aka jagoranta daga tsakiyar tafkin, ta haye mita 22 (72 yammacin gefen kuma ta kai ga Meboudja. Tsawon saman ya sauka zuwa mita 12 (39 a shekara ta 1880, amma tafkin ya kasance mai santsi a lokacin rani.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} Bayan 1903 kamfanin ya ba da haƙƙinsa ga Tafkin Fetzara ga mulkin mallaka na SGA, wanda ya karɓi aikin kuma ya kammala shi a cikin 1935. {{Sfn|Travers|1958}} == Ingancin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Distribution_of_soils_classes_of_Fetzara_Lake.png|thumb|Rarraba nau'ikan ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara]] An bayyana ingancin ƙasa a matsayin sakamakon kayan aikin jiki, [[Abubuwan sunadarai|sinadarai]] da na [[Biology|halitta]], wanda ke ba da damar girma da ci gaban amfanin gona, tsari da ƙimar ruwa ta hanyar muhalli kuma yana aiki a matsayin famfo mai tacewa zuwa ga gurbataccen. Ingancin ƙasa yana nuna ikonsa na riƙewa da kuma saki ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki don kula da bambancin halittu da tsayayya da tasirin ayyukan da zasu iya haifar da lalacewa. A bayyane yake cewa ingancin ƙasa don amfani da aka ba ya dogara da kaddarorin mahalli da yanayi da kuma amfani da shi ta mutane. === Halaye === Ƙasa ta Tafkin Fetzara ta kasance batun bincike da yawa don ci gaban noma, dukansu sun nuna duk wani muhimmin ƙuntatawa akan amfani da su kamar salinization da hydromorphy [1, 2, 3, da 7]. Wadannan binciken sun taimaka wajen rarraba ƙasa zuwa nau'o'i huɗu: ƙasa da ba ta samo asali daga lalacewa ba, ajiyar colluvial da alluvial, vertisols; ajiyar alluvial tare da babban abun ciki na yumɓu yayin da fari ya zo da sauƙi ga [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]]; ƙasa mai hydromorphic da ƙasa mai [[halomorphic]] tare da babban salinity. == Manazarta == js5b124ja7k8iy8m0e5h9kg0yzftmpg 840662 840661 2026-05-28T04:18:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 840662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Fetzara''' yana cikin arewa maso gabashin [[Aljeriya]], {{Convert|18|km}} (11 kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Annaba]]. Ya auna {{Convert|17|km}} (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita {{Convert|13|km}} (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu, tare da yanki na kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). An rarraba shi a hukumance a matsayin yanki "Ramsar", wanda ya haɗa da kariya ga wannan wuri. An gudanar da bincike da yawa a kan ruwa da ƙasa na yankin Fetzara [1-7]. An gudanar da waɗannan binciken don saka idanu kan gishiri da kuma nuna asalinsa da abubuwan da ke jagoranta. Babban manufar wannan binciken shine kimanta kaddarorin ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara waɗanda abin da ya faru na salinization ya shafa da kuma nazarin bambancin su tare da zurfi. An dauki samfurori a kan yadudduka biyu na farko (0-20 cm da 20-40 cm) a maki takwas a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, don jimlar samfurori 16. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa gishirin ƙasa ya kai matsakaicin sa a arewa maso gabas (yankin Wadi Zied) da kudancin Tafkin (yankin Cheurfa) tare da rinjaye na sodium chloride-chemical facies.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Geographic_situation_of_Fetzara_Lake.png|thumb|Yanayin ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara]] Tafkin Fetzara yana da nisan kilomita 18 a kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Annaba]] a gabashin gabashin [[Aljeriya]]. Yana da kilomita 17 (11 daga gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 13 (8.1 daga arewa zuwa kudu tare da farfajiyar kimanin hekta 18,600 (46,000 acres). Wannan yanki yana ƙarƙashin yanayin [[Bahar Rum]] tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban: ɗaya mai laushi ɗayan kuma bushe. Ruwan tafkin na wucin gadi ne dangane da tsananin lokacin ruwan sama wanda ya dogara da shi kusan kawai, gabaɗaya yanki ne na sama da hekta 13000 na ƙasar da aka ambaliya a cikin hunturu kuma yana samar da manyan makiyaya. Kasancewar babban tashar da ke fadin tafkin daga yamma zuwa gabas yana samar da magudanar ruwa, amma bai isa ya kwashe ruwa a cikin hunturu ba.&nbsp; Masanin ilimin ƙasa Henri Fournel ya gano ajiyar Magnetite kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bône a cikin 1843.{{Sfn|Iron and Steel Institute|1880}} Mine din yana da kimanin kilomita 22 (kilomita 35) daga Bone a cikin tudun Mokta kusa da Tafkin Fetzara a ƙarƙashin jerin dutse wanda ke gudana daga kudu zuwa arewa, sannan ya juya gabas na tashar jiragen ruwa na Bone. Sunan "Mokta-el-Hadid" (ƙofar ƙarfe) ya nuna cewa an san ajiyar ƙarfe tun da daɗewa, amma babu wata alama cewa an yi aiki kafin ƙoƙarin farko na ƙaramin ƙarfe a cikin 1840.{{Sfn|Mining Journal|1878}} A wannan lokacin tsawo na tafkin zai kai mita 16 (52 a cikin hunturu, tare da yanki na hekta 14,000 (35,000 acres). Tafkin yana da iyaka da kara da rushes, wanda tsuntsaye masu ƙaura ke amfani da shi don yin gida, yana da wadataccen kifi.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} An dauki tafkin a matsayin tushen zazzabi, kuma an ba da shawarar tashar ruwa mai nisan kilomita 16 (9.9 da ke gudana cikin Oued Meboudja, amma kodayake Société Générale Algérienne (SGA) tana da haƙƙin arewa da gabashin gabar tafkin ba ta yi komai ba.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} A cikin shekarun 1870 kamfanin hakar ma'adinai ya dasa itatuwan eucalyptus da yawa a kusa da Tafkin Fetzara, amma dukansu an kashe su ne ta hanyar ruwan gishiri da ke fitowa daga tafkin.{{Sfn|Davis|2007}} {{Efn|A report published in 1901 said, "The example of Lake Fetzara has been much quoted; its marshy miasma infected the large mining works of Mokta-el-Hadid, decimated the staff, and rendered existence in this locality insupportable. Now, thanks to well developed forests of Eucalyptus, it presents all the conditions of a tolerable hygiene." The report then noted that the improvement could also be attributed in part to better medical attention and the fact that most of the staff commuted to work from Bône.{{sfn|Tommasi-Crudeli|1903|p=4}}}} A cikin 1877 kamfanin Mokta El Hadid ya sami izinin zubar da tafkin don musayar canja wurin kyauta na ƙasar da aka dawo da ita. Wata tashar da aka jagoranta daga tsakiyar tafkin, ta haye mita 22 (72 yammacin gefen kuma ta kai ga Meboudja. Tsawon saman ya sauka zuwa mita 12 (39 a shekara ta 1880, amma tafkin ya kasance mai santsi a lokacin rani.{{Sfn|Travers|1958}} Bayan 1903 kamfanin ya ba da haƙƙinsa ga Tafkin Fetzara ga mulkin mallaka na SGA, wanda ya karɓi aikin kuma ya kammala shi a cikin 1935. {{Sfn|Travers|1958}} == Ingancin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Distribution_of_soils_classes_of_Fetzara_Lake.png|thumb|Rarraba nau'ikan ƙasa na Tafkin Fetzara]] An bayyana ingancin ƙasa a matsayin sakamakon kayan aikin jiki, [[Abubuwan sunadarai|sinadarai]] da na [[Biology|halitta]], wanda ke ba da damar girma da ci gaban amfanin gona, tsari da ƙimar ruwa ta hanyar muhalli kuma yana aiki a matsayin famfo mai tacewa zuwa ga gurbataccen. Ingancin ƙasa yana nuna ikonsa na riƙewa da kuma saki ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki don kula da bambancin halittu da tsayayya da tasirin ayyukan da zasu iya haifar da lalacewa. A bayyane yake cewa ingancin ƙasa don amfani da aka ba ya dogara da kaddarorin mahalli da yanayi da kuma amfani da shi ta mutane. === Halaye === Ƙasa ta Tafkin Fetzara ta kasance batun bincike da yawa don ci gaban noma, dukansu sun nuna duk wani muhimmin ƙuntatawa akan amfani da su kamar salinization da hydromorphy [1, 2, 3, da 7]. Wadannan binciken sun taimaka wajen rarraba ƙasa zuwa nau'o'i huɗu: ƙasa da ba ta samo asali daga lalacewa ba, ajiyar colluvial da alluvial, vertisols; ajiyar alluvial tare da babban abun ciki na yumɓu yayin da fari ya zo da sauƙi ga [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]]; ƙasa mai hydromorphic da ƙasa mai [[halomorphic]] tare da babban salinity. == Manazarta == <references /> fee3ze11oa2n3q6jzhm2bv6d8u3llm5 0 152373 840663 2026-05-28T04:19:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309848721|Lake Akfadou]]" 840663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Akfadou''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Black Lake''', yana cikin tsaunukan Djurdjura, a cikin iyakokin Djurdjora National Park. Tana tsakanin lardunan [[Aljeriya]] na Tizi Ouzou da Bejaia.<ref>Djazairess : Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos Archived February 02, 2017 at Wayback Machine.</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Black Lake, wanda aka sani a cikin [[Abzinanci|Berber]] da "Oqlimim Afrakan", yana cikin dajin Akfadou, kusa da National Road 34. An san shi da yawan itatuwan oak. Oqlimim Afrakan yana da tsawo na mita 1,200 kuma sanannen wuri ne ga masu yawon bude ido masu son yanayi da ke neman tserewa daga rayuwar birni. Tafkin mai girman hekta 3, tare da yanki na hekta 3 da zurfin kusan mita 1, yana nuna launuka da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da sararin sama mai launin shudi, fari daga girgije, da kuma kore mai duhu daga bishiyoyin oak da ke kewaye da shi daga dukkan bangarorin. An gina shingen wucin gadi a gefe ɗaya na tafkin don kula da takamaiman matakin ruwa. Kasancewar bishiyoyi da suka zama wani ɓangare a cikin tafkin. Motoci, gami da motoci da ƙananan bas, ana ajiye su a kusa da tafkin bayan amfani da su wajen jigilar masu yawon bude ido daga jihohin makwabta waɗanda ke zuwa biki a gefensa. Iyalai, ƙungiyoyin abokai, da masu tafiya suna neman hutu daga zafi a ƙarƙashin inuwa na bishiyoyi a yankin. Har ila yau, akwai kwari masu tsalle da ke zaune a yankin. Wani itace da ya fadi cikin ruwa yana riƙe da babban lizard wanda baƙi ke kira "dinosaur". Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyin Oqlimim Afrakan. Gidan binciken archaeological na ƙauyen Mahaqa, wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Romawa na Da|Zamanin Romawa]] ko kuma tsohuwar zamanin, wanda ake kira "Akham Ojhali", yana wakiltar binciken archaeology da tarihi wanda masana kimiyya ba za su gano asirinsa ba. == Halaye == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" | |- !01 |Yankuna |Tizi Ouzou da Bejaia |- !02 |Ma'auni |36.6963711°N 4.6027409°E |- !03 |Tsawon tsawo |1,200 m (3,937 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- !04 |Tsawon |200 m (656 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- !05 |Faɗin |150 m (492 feet) |- !06 |Yankin |3 ha (7.413 acres) |- !07 |Rashin zurfi |1 m (39 inci) |} == Bambancin muhalli == === Itace === Akwai nau'o'in bishiyoyi daban-daban da ke kusa da Tafkin Akfadou . ojdqlcelsa11mukugum7s0ye4dk65g1 840664 840663 2026-05-28T04:20:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 840664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Akfadou''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Black Lake''', yana cikin tsaunukan Djurdjura, a cikin iyakokin Djurdjora National Park. Tana tsakanin lardunan [[Aljeriya]] na Tizi Ouzou da Bejaia.<ref>Djazairess : Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos Archived February 02, 2017 at Wayback Machine.</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Black Lake, wanda aka sani a cikin [[Abzinanci|Berber]] da "Oqlimim Afrakan", yana cikin dajin Akfadou, kusa da National Road 34. An san shi da yawan itatuwan oak. Oqlimim Afrakan yana da tsawo na mita 1,200 kuma sanannen wuri ne ga masu yawon bude ido masu son yanayi da ke neman tserewa daga rayuwar birni. Tafkin mai girman hekta 3, tare da yanki na hekta 3 da zurfin kusan mita 1, yana nuna launuka da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da sararin sama mai launin shudi, fari daga girgije, da kuma kore mai duhu daga bishiyoyin oak da ke kewaye da shi daga dukkan bangarorin. An gina shingen wucin gadi a gefe ɗaya na tafkin don kula da takamaiman matakin ruwa. Kasancewar bishiyoyi da suka zama wani ɓangare a cikin tafkin. Motoci, gami da motoci da ƙananan bas, ana ajiye su a kusa da tafkin bayan amfani da su wajen jigilar masu yawon bude ido daga jihohin makwabta waɗanda ke zuwa biki a gefensa. Iyalai, ƙungiyoyin abokai, da masu tafiya suna neman hutu daga zafi a ƙarƙashin inuwa na bishiyoyi a yankin. Har ila yau, akwai kwari masu tsalle da ke zaune a yankin. Wani itace da ya fadi cikin ruwa yana riƙe da babban lizard wanda baƙi ke kira "dinosaur". Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyin Oqlimim Afrakan. Gidan binciken archaeological na ƙauyen Mahaqa, wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Romawa na Da|Zamanin Romawa]] ko kuma tsohuwar zamanin, wanda ake kira "Akham Ojhali", yana wakiltar binciken archaeology da tarihi wanda masana kimiyya ba za su gano asirinsa ba. == Halaye == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" | ! scope="col" | |- !01 |Yankuna |Tizi Ouzou da Bejaia |- !02 |Ma'auni |36.6963711°N 4.6027409°E |- !03 |Tsawon tsawo |1,200 m (3,937 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- !04 |Tsawon |200 m (656 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- !05 |Faɗin |150 m (492 feet) |- !06 |Yankin |3 ha (7.413 acres) |- !07 |Rashin zurfi |1 m (39 inci) |} == Bambancin muhalli == === Itace === Akwai nau'o'in bishiyoyi daban-daban da ke kusa da Tafkin Akfadou. == Manazarta == cayodipm3igh14oaszy1ygf8j4sh911 0 152374 840665 2026-05-28T04:21:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339513921|Lake Oubeïra]]" 840665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Ubeira''' tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke cikin El-Kala National Park a Lardin El Tarf, [[Aljeriya]] . An sanya shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1983. Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmin yanki na gida ga nau'in tsuntsaye a [[Arewacin Afirka]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Da yake a cikin garin El Kala, Tafkin Oubeïra shine tsakiyar tafkin uku.]] Tafkin Oubeïra tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park a lardin El Tarf, Aljeriya . Gidan shakatawa ya hada da Tafkin Tonga, wani ruwa mai laushi, da Tafkin Mellah wani tafkin saline. A shekara ta 1983, duk tabkuna uku an sanya su a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta [[UNESCO]]. Tafkin Oubeïra tafki ne mai zurfi wanda ke tsakanin garin El Kala, a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia, a tsawo na mita 23. Yana da kusan siffar zagaye, ƙasa mai laushi wanda aka rufe shi da launin toka, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> kuma yana da yanki na hekta 2,000 tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 1. Shafin ya zama wani ɓangare na babban wuri mai laushi wanda ya haɗa da tsarin dune. Duk da kasancewa mai amincewa, tafkin yana da alaƙa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]]. Babban hanyar ruwa da ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Oubeïra shine Oued Messida, wanda ke nuna tsarin kwarara na yanayi: yana gudana daga tafkin zuwa Oued el Rebir a lokacin rani kuma a wata hanya a lokacin hunturu. Daidaitawa tsakanin evaporation da ruwan sama yana kiyaye ci gaba da tafkin. Girman ruwa da gudummawar ruwa a Lokacin fari yana taimakawa wajen biyan bashin ruwa da tallafawa ci gaba da tafkin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlayatKhericiLamouroux2009">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). </cite></ref> == Yanayi == Yankin yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 18.9 ° C da kuma lokacin bushewa na watanni huɗu. Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi kuma Agusta shine mafi zafi. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce 700 mm, tare da ruwan sama da aka mayar da hankali a cikin kaka da hunturu, da kuma karancin ruwan sama a lokacin watanni na rani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |bibcode=2007AcBG..154..597K |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos a cikin El-Kala National Park.]] Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmiyar wurin zama ga ciyayi na ruwa, gami da nau'o'in da ba su da yawa a Aljeriya, kamar su ruwa chestnuts da ruwan rawaya. Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan kifaye daban-daban, gami da kasancewar eels. Dabbobi daga dangin Mugilidae, irin su Mugil cephalus da Liza ramada, lokaci-lokaci suna shiga tafkin daga teku ta hanyar tashar ruwa. Barbel ya fito ne a Tafkin Oubeïra a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie |trans-title=Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria |url=https://www.fao.org/4/af018f/AF018F13.htm |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=www.fao.org |language=fr}}</ref> Tafkin wuri ne na nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan mazauna kamar [[Wundiri|purple swamphen]] da osprey, da nau'in hunturu kamar Duck mai farin kai, greylag goose, da babban cormorant. Wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in suna fuskantar barazana a duniya. Ibis mai haske da flamingo mafi girma suna nan a duk shekara. Yankin kuma yana tallafawa nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da otter. Jama'ar yankin suna yin kiwon dabbobi da noma a yankin da ke kewaye. Tafkin ya cika da carp kuma ya haɗa da tashar kiwon kifi da ke kan iyakar arewacinsa. 4jmvxwsff20a5cz78snac2txscdtzca 840666 840665 2026-05-28T04:21:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 840666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ubeira''' tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke cikin El-Kala National Park a Lardin El Tarf, [[Aljeriya]] . An sanya shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1983. Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmin yanki na gida ga nau'in tsuntsaye a [[Arewacin Afirka]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Da yake a cikin garin El Kala, Tafkin Oubeïra shine tsakiyar tafkin uku.]] Tafkin Oubeïra tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park a lardin El Tarf, Aljeriya . Gidan shakatawa ya hada da Tafkin Tonga, wani ruwa mai laushi, da Tafkin Mellah wani tafkin saline. A shekara ta 1983, duk tabkuna uku an sanya su a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta [[UNESCO]]. Tafkin Oubeïra tafki ne mai zurfi wanda ke tsakanin garin El Kala, a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia, a tsawo na mita 23. Yana da kusan siffar zagaye, ƙasa mai laushi wanda aka rufe shi da launin toka, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> kuma yana da yanki na hekta 2,000 tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 1. Shafin ya zama wani ɓangare na babban wuri mai laushi wanda ya haɗa da tsarin dune. Duk da kasancewa mai amincewa, tafkin yana da alaƙa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]]. Babban hanyar ruwa da ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Oubeïra shine Oued Messida, wanda ke nuna tsarin kwarara na yanayi: yana gudana daga tafkin zuwa Oued el Rebir a lokacin rani kuma a wata hanya a lokacin hunturu. Daidaitawa tsakanin evaporation da ruwan sama yana kiyaye ci gaba da tafkin. Girman ruwa da gudummawar ruwa a Lokacin fari yana taimakawa wajen biyan bashin ruwa da tallafawa ci gaba da tafkin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlayatKhericiLamouroux2009">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). </cite></ref> == Yanayi == Yankin yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 18.9 ° C da kuma lokacin bushewa na watanni huɗu. Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi kuma Agusta shine mafi zafi. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce 700 mm, tare da ruwan sama da aka mayar da hankali a cikin kaka da hunturu, da kuma karancin ruwan sama a lokacin watanni na rani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |bibcode=2007AcBG..154..597K |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos a cikin El-Kala National Park.]] Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmiyar wurin zama ga ciyayi na ruwa, gami da nau'o'in da ba su da yawa a Aljeriya, kamar su ruwa chestnuts da ruwan rawaya. Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan kifaye daban-daban, gami da kasancewar eels. Dabbobi daga dangin Mugilidae, irin su Mugil cephalus da Liza ramada, lokaci-lokaci suna shiga tafkin daga teku ta hanyar tashar ruwa. Barbel ya fito ne a Tafkin Oubeïra a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie |trans-title=Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria |url=https://www.fao.org/4/af018f/AF018F13.htm |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=www.fao.org |language=fr}}</ref> Tafkin wuri ne na nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan mazauna kamar [[Wundiri|purple swamphen]] da osprey, da nau'in hunturu kamar Duck mai farin kai, greylag goose, da babban cormorant. Wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in suna fuskantar barazana a duniya. Ibis mai haske da flamingo mafi girma suna nan a duk shekara. Yankin kuma yana tallafawa nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da otter. Jama'ar yankin suna yin kiwon dabbobi da noma a yankin da ke kewaye. Tafkin ya cika da carp kuma ya haɗa da tashar kiwon kifi da ke kan iyakar arewacinsa. etrmu6virwyzbnwd0b8fk0vlca9awyp 840667 840666 2026-05-28T04:21:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 840667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ubeira''' tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke cikin El-Kala National Park a Lardin El Tarf, [[Aljeriya]] . An sanya shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1983. Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmin yanki na gida ga nau'in tsuntsaye a [[Arewacin Afirka]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Da yake a cikin garin El Kala, Tafkin Oubeïra shine tsakiyar tafkin uku.]] Tafkin Oubeïra tafkin ruwa ne wanda ke tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park a lardin El Tarf, Aljeriya . Gidan shakatawa ya hada da Tafkin Tonga, wani ruwa mai laushi, da Tafkin Mellah wani tafkin saline. A shekara ta 1983, duk tabkuna uku an sanya su a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta [[UNESCO]]. Tafkin Oubeïra tafki ne mai zurfi wanda ke tsakanin garin El Kala, a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia, a tsawo na mita 23. Yana da kusan siffar zagaye, ƙasa mai laushi wanda aka rufe shi da launin toka, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> kuma yana da yanki na hekta 2,000 tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 1. Shafin ya zama wani ɓangare na babban wuri mai laushi wanda ya haɗa da tsarin dune. Duk da kasancewa mai amincewa, tafkin yana da alaƙa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]]. Babban hanyar ruwa da ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Oubeïra shine Oued Messida, wanda ke nuna tsarin kwarara na yanayi: yana gudana daga tafkin zuwa Oued el Rebir a lokacin rani kuma a wata hanya a lokacin hunturu. Daidaitawa tsakanin evaporation da ruwan sama yana kiyaye ci gaba da tafkin. Girman ruwa da gudummawar ruwa a Lokacin fari yana taimakawa wajen biyan bashin ruwa da tallafawa ci gaba da tafkin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alayat |first=H |last2=Kherici |first2=N |last3=Lamouroux |first3=C |date=2009 |title=EVOLUTION SPATIALE DE L'ENVASEMENT DU LAC OUBEIRA IMPOSE PAR L'EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIEN) SPACE EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |trans-title=SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE SILTING OF OUBEIRA LAKE IMPOSED BY EROSION (EXTREME NE ALGERIAN) |url=https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/37472 |journal=Le Journal de l'EAU et de l'Environnement |language=fr |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=28–42 |issn=2602-6724 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlayatKhericiLamouroux2009">Alayat, H; Kherici, N; Lamouroux, C (2009). </cite></ref> == Yanayi == Yankin yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na 18.9 ° C da kuma lokacin bushewa na watanni huɗu. Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi kuma Agusta shine mafi zafi. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce 700 mm, tare da ruwan sama da aka mayar da hankali a cikin kaka da hunturu, da kuma karancin ruwan sama a lokacin watanni na rani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |bibcode=2007AcBG..154..597K |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Flamants_roses._Phoenicopterus_roseus._Lac_des_Oiseaux._Mahieddine_Boumendjel.jpg|left|thumb|Pink flamingos a cikin El-Kala National Park.]] Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin muhimmiyar wurin zama ga ciyayi na ruwa, gami da nau'o'in da ba su da yawa a Aljeriya, kamar su ruwa chestnuts da ruwan rawaya. Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan kifaye daban-daban, gami da kasancewar eels. Dabbobi daga dangin Mugilidae, irin su Mugil cephalus da Liza ramada, lokaci-lokaci suna shiga tafkin daga teku ta hanyar tashar ruwa. Barbel ya fito ne a Tafkin Oubeïra a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analyse et developpement d'une exploitation lagunaire extensive: example du lac Mellah, Algerie |trans-title=Analysis and development of extensive lagoon farming: the example of Lake Mellah, Algeria |url=https://www.fao.org/4/af018f/AF018F13.htm |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=www.fao.org |language=fr}}</ref> Tafkin wuri ne na nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan mazauna kamar [[Wundiri|purple swamphen]] da osprey, da nau'in hunturu kamar Duck mai farin kai, greylag goose, da babban cormorant. Wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in suna fuskantar barazana a duniya. Ibis mai haske da flamingo mafi girma suna nan a duk shekara. Yankin kuma yana tallafawa nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da otter. Jama'ar yankin suna yin kiwon dabbobi da noma a yankin da ke kewaye. Tafkin ya cika da carp kuma ya haɗa da tashar kiwon kifi da ke kan iyakar arewacinsa. == Manazarta == kv4cz55hebsbnr9ju0vzsoznpxpn9xo 0 152375 840668 2026-05-28T04:22:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333654958|Lake Sidi Mohamed Benali]]" 840668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Sidi Mohamed Benali''' tafki ne da ke yammacin [[Aljeriya]], a cikin [[Sidi Bel Abbès]], musamman a kan ƙasashen garin Ain Thrid, kimanin kilomita 1.7 daga garin Sidi Bel Abbés kuma kusa da babbar Hanyar Gabas da Yamma. Tafkin ya rufe yanki sama da hekta 35, an kewaye shi da tsire-tsire masu furanni daban-daban, kuma yana ba da wurin zama na halitta ga nau'in tsuntsayen ruwa 26, kifi, da dabbobin daji daban-daban. Tafkin an yi shi ne gaba ɗaya, an halicce shi a cikin shekarun 1940, kuma ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar kwararar [[Kogin Sig]] da Sarno Valley. An gina shi ne don gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa na [[Kogin Sig|Kogin Mekerra]], don haka rage haɗarin ambaliyar da ta yi amfani da ita don yin barazana ga birnin Sidi Bel Abbès. Tafkin yana zaune ne a cikin wani kwandon halitta wanda aka sassaka a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, wanda aka rufe shi da madatsar ruwa. Gidan tafkin yana hana ruwa ya zubo saboda zubar da turɓaya, kuma zurfin zurfinsa ya kai kusan mita 30. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan (2022) a tafkin ya nuna cewa hauhawar yanayin zafi yana shafar jerin abinci a cikin tafkin ta hanyar rage yawan zooplankton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater zooplankton behavior under temperature effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean area |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358131199 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127013624/http://www.researchgate.net/publication/358131199_Freshwater_zooplankton_behavior_under_temperature_effects_in_a_semi-arid_Mediterranean_area |archive-date=2023-11-27 |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Chott Tinsilt * Dhaya * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun * Dajin Bachdjerrah == Manazarta == ohlukcjr9tnj4t7860celjprs4dcew5 840669 840668 2026-05-28T04:22:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Sidi Mohamed Benali''' tafki ne da ke yammacin [[Aljeriya]], a cikin [[Sidi Bel Abbès]], musamman a kan ƙasashen garin Ain Thrid, kimanin kilomita 1.7 daga garin Sidi Bel Abbés kuma kusa da babbar Hanyar Gabas da Yamma. Tafkin ya rufe yanki sama da hekta 35, an kewaye shi da tsire-tsire masu furanni daban-daban, kuma yana ba da wurin zama na halitta ga nau'in tsuntsayen ruwa 26, kifi, da dabbobin daji daban-daban. Tafkin an yi shi ne gaba ɗaya, an halicce shi a cikin shekarun 1940, kuma ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar kwararar [[Kogin Sig]] da Sarno Valley. An gina shi ne don gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa na [[Kogin Sig|Kogin Mekerra]], don haka rage haɗarin ambaliyar da ta yi amfani da ita don yin barazana ga birnin Sidi Bel Abbès. Tafkin yana zaune ne a cikin wani kwandon halitta wanda aka sassaka a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, wanda aka rufe shi da madatsar ruwa. Gidan tafkin yana hana ruwa ya zubo saboda zubar da turɓaya, kuma zurfin zurfinsa ya kai kusan mita 30. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan (2022) a tafkin ya nuna cewa hauhawar yanayin zafi yana shafar jerin abinci a cikin tafkin ta hanyar rage yawan zooplankton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshwater zooplankton behavior under temperature effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean area |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358131199 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127013624/http://www.researchgate.net/publication/358131199_Freshwater_zooplankton_behavior_under_temperature_effects_in_a_semi-arid_Mediterranean_area |archive-date=2023-11-27 |access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Chott Tinsilt * Dhaya * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun * Dajin Bachdjerrah == Manazarta == kk4lux1lasr1cu47nadr1ak6tijkovo 0 152376 840670 2026-05-28T04:22:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337444971|Lake Tonga]]" 840670 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery widths="200" heights="180" class="center" caption="Lake Tonga"> Fayil:بحيرة_طونقا.jpg Fayil:Lac_Tonga.JPG Fayil:Lac_Tonga_01.JPEG </gallery>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Tonga''' tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi wanda ke cikin El-Kala National Park, a cikin wilaya na El Tarf, [[Aljeriya]]. An sanya shi shafin Ramsar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1983 kuma an san shi a matsayin babban yanki a [[Arewacin Afirka]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Da yake a cikin garin El Kala, Tafkin Tonga shine mafi gabashin tabkuna uku.]] Tafkin Tonga tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi wanda ke tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park, kusa da Tafkin Ubeira, wani tafkin ruwa mai laushi, da Tafkin El Mellah, tafkin gishiri. Yana da babban bakin teku tsakanin garin El Kala, a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia. [[Ruwan ruwa|Rashin ruwa]] ya rufe kusan hekta 15,000, gami da hekta 2,800 wanda ya dace da tafkin kanta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> An sanya tabkuna uku a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a shekarar 1983. Tafkin Tonga ya kasance a wani bangare ta hanyar tashar tsakiya da aka tono a lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma yanzu yana gabatar da halaye na babban marsh.<ref name=":2" /> Shafin ya samar da babban wuri mai laushi wanda ya hada da tuddai masu itatuwa, wuraren gandun daji masu laushi, da kuma tsarin yashi. Tafkin yana da alaƙa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga |trans-title=Tonga Lake Integral Reserve |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/281?language=fr |access-date=January 23, 2026 |website=Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref> kuma Oued El-Hout ne ke ciyar da shi a kudu maso yamma da Oued El'Eurg zuwa arewa maso gabas. Wadannan hanyoyin ruwa sun samar da tsarin deltaic wanda ajiyar sediment din ya ci gaba da rage yankin tafkin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> == Yanayi == Yankin yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na 18.9 ° C da kuma lokacin fari wanda ke da kusan watanni huɗu. Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi, yayin da Agusta shine mafi zafi. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce 700 mm, tare da ruwan sama da aka fi mayar da hankali a cikin kaka da hunturu da ƙananan matakan a lokacin rani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> == Dabbobi da tsire-tsire == [[Fayil:Lac_tonga_el_kala.JPG|left|thumb|Liri na ruwa]] Tafkin yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga tsire-tsire na ruwa, tare da ciyayi da ke samar da al'ummomin tsire-shuke. Babban fasalin shine gado na reed wanda ke kare mafi yawan Helophytes. A lokacin bazara da rani, farin ruwa lilies yana rufe babban ɓangare na tafkin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> Tafkin Tonga an dauke shi babban yanki ne a [[Arewacin Afirka]], wanda ke karbar bakuncin nau'ikan herons, egrets, Yammacin marsh harriers, wasu tsuntsaye masu cin nama, da tsuntsayen ruwa daban-daban, gami da wasu nau'ikan da ke da wuya da barazana a duniya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga |trans-title=Tonga Lake Integral Reserve |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/281?language=fr |access-date=January 23, 2026 |website=Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == p0dvjgua3p0narh7k51vlqcw1b1o9u1 840671 840670 2026-05-28T04:23:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 840671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<gallery widths="200" heights="180" class="center" caption="Lake Tonga"> Fayil:بحيرة_طونقا.jpg Fayil:Lac_Tonga.JPG Fayil:Lac_Tonga_01.JPEG </gallery>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Tonga''' tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi wanda ke cikin El-Kala National Park, a cikin wilaya na El Tarf, [[Aljeriya]]. An sanya shi shafin Ramsar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1983 kuma an san shi a matsayin babban yanki a [[Arewacin Afirka]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:Plan_elkala.png|left|thumb|Da yake a cikin garin El Kala, Tafkin Tonga shine mafi gabashin tabkuna uku.]] Tafkin Tonga tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi wanda ke tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park, kusa da Tafkin Ubeira, wani tafkin ruwa mai laushi, da Tafkin El Mellah, tafkin gishiri. Yana da babban bakin teku tsakanin garin El Kala, a arewa maso gabashin Aljeriya, da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia. [[Ruwan ruwa|Rashin ruwa]] ya rufe kusan hekta 15,000, gami da hekta 2,800 wanda ya dace da tafkin kanta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> An sanya tabkuna uku a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a shekarar 1983. Tafkin Tonga ya kasance a wani bangare ta hanyar tashar tsakiya da aka tono a lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma yanzu yana gabatar da halaye na babban marsh.<ref name=":2" /> Shafin ya samar da babban wuri mai laushi wanda ya hada da tuddai masu itatuwa, wuraren gandun daji masu laushi, da kuma tsarin yashi. Tafkin yana da alaƙa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga |trans-title=Tonga Lake Integral Reserve |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/281?language=fr |access-date=January 23, 2026 |website=Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref> kuma Oued El-Hout ne ke ciyar da shi a kudu maso yamma da Oued El'Eurg zuwa arewa maso gabas. Wadannan hanyoyin ruwa sun samar da tsarin deltaic wanda ajiyar sediment din ya ci gaba da rage yankin tafkin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> == Yanayi == Yankin yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum, tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na 18.9 ° C da kuma lokacin fari wanda ke da kusan watanni huɗu. Janairu shine watan da ya fi sanyi, yayin da Agusta shine mafi zafi. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce 700 mm, tare da ruwan sama da aka fi mayar da hankali a cikin kaka da hunturu da ƙananan matakan a lokacin rani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> == Dabbobi da tsire-tsire == [[Fayil:Lac_tonga_el_kala.JPG|left|thumb|Liri na ruwa]] Tafkin yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga tsire-tsire na ruwa, tare da ciyayi da ke samar da al'ummomin tsire-shuke. Babban fasalin shine gado na reed wanda ke kare mafi yawan Helophytes. A lokacin bazara da rani, farin ruwa lilies yana rufe babban ɓangare na tafkin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kadid |first=Yamina |last2=Thébaud |first2=Gilles |last3=Pétel |first3=Gilles |last4=Abdelkrim |first4=Hacène |date=2007 |title=Les communautés végétales aquatiques de la classe des Potametea du lac Tonga, El-Kala, Algérie |trans-title=Aquatic plant communities of the Potametea class in Lake Tonga, El-Kala, Algeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |journal=Acta Botanica Gallica |language=fr |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=597–599 |doi=10.1080/12538078.2007.10516082 |issn=1253-8078 |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> Tafkin Tonga an dauke shi babban yanki ne a [[Arewacin Afirka]], wanda ke karbar bakuncin nau'ikan herons, egrets, Yammacin marsh harriers, wasu tsuntsaye masu cin nama, da tsuntsayen ruwa daban-daban, gami da wasu nau'ikan da ke da wuya da barazana a duniya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga |trans-title=Tonga Lake Integral Reserve |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/281?language=fr |access-date=January 23, 2026 |website=Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6b494izsk7fxydz1d1389feagae2ak5 0 152377 840672 2026-05-28T04:23:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290098060|Lake Mellah]]" 840672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Mellah''' tafkin ruwan gishiri ne wanda ke cikin iyakokin El Kala National Park a Lardin El Taref, [[Aljeriya]] . An sanya shi wuri mai mahimmanci daidai da Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2004. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin Mellah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka haɗa shi da teku ta hanyar karamin tashar ta hanyar jerin dunes kusan mita 900. Tana cikin tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, wato Tafkin Tonga da Tafkin Oubeira . Wadannan tabkuna uku an sanya su a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta [[UNESCO]].<ref>Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p.&nbsp;211-212. {{ISBN|9961-922-00-X}}</ref> Tafkin yana tsakanin arewa maso gabashin birnin El-Kala da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia. Yana da yanki na kimanin hekta 2,257, matsakaicin zurfin mita 3, da matsakaicin قووڵی mita 6. Baya ga tafkin da kansa, shafin ya ƙunshi karamin kogi mai laushi da karamin tafkin ruwa mai laushi na wucin gadi, wanda ruwan sama da ruwa na ƙasa ke ciyar da shi kuma an kewaye shi da dunes. == Yanayi == An rarraba yanayin a matsayin Bahar Rum, tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na digiri 18.9 Celsius. Lokacin fari, wanda ya kai watanni huɗu, ana nuna shi ta yanayin zafi mafi ƙasƙanci da aka lura a watan Janairu da kuma yanayin zafi mafi girma a watan Agusta. Yankin yana fuskantar mafi girman matakan hazo a cikin kaka da hunturu, tare da mafi ƙasƙanci da ke faruwa a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce millimeters 700. == Biodiversity == Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar da za a iya amfani da su don nau'ikan rayuwa saboda musayar ta biyu tare da ruwa da ke kewaye da ita da teku ta hanyar tashar. [[Delta]] shine mazaunin nau'o'in kamar Salicornia da Juncus. Babban salinity na tafkin yana ba da gudummawa ga bambancin halittu na phytoplankton, zooplankton, da kifi, kuma yana aiki a matsayin wurin kula da nau'ikan kifi kamar su wolffish na arewa, Sole, Salema porgy, da sand steenbras. Bugu da ƙari, shafin yana yawan yawan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe, waɗanda ke jawowa ga yawan tushen abinci. Yana aiki a matsayin wurin zama ga tsuntsayen ruwa daban-daban, gami da babban cormorant, Babban grebe, da Duck Tufted. Jama'ar yankin suna da hannu a noman peanuts. == Manazarta == kbv8fgaydzw3m46okaesigcge1r437u 840673 840672 2026-05-28T04:23:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 840673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Mellah''' tafkin ruwan gishiri ne wanda ke cikin iyakokin El Kala National Park a Lardin El Taref, [[Aljeriya]] . An sanya shi wuri mai mahimmanci daidai da Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2004. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin Mellah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka haɗa shi da teku ta hanyar karamin tashar ta hanyar jerin dunes kusan mita 900. Tana cikin tsakiyar yankin El-Kala National Park, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarin tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, wato Tafkin Tonga da Tafkin Oubeira . Wadannan tabkuna uku an sanya su a matsayin wuraren da ke da muhimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta [[UNESCO]].<ref>Marc Côte (1996). Guide d'Algérie. Algérie: Média-Plus. p.&nbsp;211-212. {{ISBN|9961-922-00-X}}</ref> Tafkin yana tsakanin arewa maso gabashin birnin El-Kala da iyakar Aljeriya da Tunisia. Yana da yanki na kimanin hekta 2,257, matsakaicin zurfin mita 3, da matsakaicin قووڵی mita 6. Baya ga tafkin da kansa, shafin ya ƙunshi karamin kogi mai laushi da karamin tafkin ruwa mai laushi na wucin gadi, wanda ruwan sama da ruwa na ƙasa ke ciyar da shi kuma an kewaye shi da dunes. == Yanayi == An rarraba yanayin a matsayin Bahar Rum, tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara na digiri 18.9 Celsius. Lokacin fari, wanda ya kai watanni huɗu, ana nuna shi ta yanayin zafi mafi ƙasƙanci da aka lura a watan Janairu da kuma yanayin zafi mafi girma a watan Agusta. Yankin yana fuskantar mafi girman matakan hazo a cikin kaka da hunturu, tare da mafi ƙasƙanci da ke faruwa a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya wuce millimeters 700. == Biodiversity == Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar da za a iya amfani da su don nau'ikan rayuwa saboda musayar ta biyu tare da ruwa da ke kewaye da ita da teku ta hanyar tashar. [[Delta]] shine mazaunin nau'o'in kamar Salicornia da Juncus. Babban salinity na tafkin yana ba da gudummawa ga bambancin halittu na phytoplankton, zooplankton, da kifi, kuma yana aiki a matsayin wurin kula da nau'ikan kifi kamar su wolffish na arewa, Sole, Salema porgy, da sand steenbras. Bugu da ƙari, shafin yana yawan yawan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe, waɗanda ke jawowa ga yawan tushen abinci. Yana aiki a matsayin wurin zama ga tsuntsayen ruwa daban-daban, gami da babban cormorant, Babban grebe, da Duck Tufted. Jama'ar yankin suna da hannu a noman peanuts. == Manazarta == lw8c9yhd6od76gkv4w9ilvpausjemxf 0 152378 840674 2026-05-28T04:24:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330812059|Réghaïa lake]]" 840674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Reghaïa''' yana cikin garin Réghaia, Aljeriya, kilomita 29 a gabashin [[Aljir|Algiers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref>&nbsp; Yana tattara ruwa daga ruwa mai nisan kilomita 84², daga inda Oued Réghaïa ke gudana. Tafkin, tare da gandun daji na Réghaïa, an gane shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac de Fetzara |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1299 |website=Service d’information sur les Sites Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref>&nbsp; == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Reghaïa yana da nisan kilomita 29 a gabashin Algiers . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref> Tana cikin garin Réghaïa a yankin Mitidja na Basse Kabylie. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TerraServer - Aerial Photos & Satellite Images |url=http://www.terraserver.com/view.asp?cx=3.6201279&cy=36.7228968&proj=4326&mpp=1&sdrt=jax |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310203947/http://www.terraserver.com/view.asp?cx=3.6201279&cy=36.7228968&proj=4326&mpp=1&sdrt=jax |archive-date=2016-03-10 |website=terraserver.com}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Réghaïa ya yi daidai da bakin kogin Oued Réghaia, wanda belin dune ya toshe bakinsa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref> Kimanin mita 600 daga sama daga [[Bahar Rum]], wani dyke na wucin gadi yana riƙe da ruwan dindindin na wurin marshland. Wannan tafkin teku yana da bankunan da ke gangara a hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac du reghaia - historique |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lac-du-reghaia.sitew.com%2F#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |language=fr}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Lac_de_reghaia.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Reghaïa]] Kafin shekarun 1930, lokacin da dunes ya hana Oued Réghaïa kuma ba a zurfafa gadonsa ba, akwai wani wuri mai cike da tsuntsaye, amma neman sabon gonar ya haifar da zubar da wadi ta hanyar famfo, zubar da ruwa da dasa bishiyoyin eucalyptus. An yi watsi da wannan aikin, kuma an gina shinge na ƙasa don ƙirƙirar tafkin ban ruwa, sannan kuma wani shinge don riƙe ruwa mai yawa daga wadi. Daga nan ne aka sake daidaita tashar da ke ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2006 |title=Plan de Gestion de la Réserve Naturelle du Lac de Réghaïa (Algérie) |url=http://www.medwet.org/wp-content/pdf/NAWN_1.pdf |journal=Protection et Développement Durable des Zones Humides en Afrique du Nord |language=fr}}</ref> == Halayen jiki == === Ilimin ƙasa === Tafkin Réghaïa yana da alamar Neogene na kyawawan ajiyar Miocene da Plio-Quaternary da ke tsakiyar tsakanin [[Gibraltar]] da Sicilian Channel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> Wannan tsari na yanayin ƙasa, wanda ya ninka sannan ya cika, ana nuna shi da facies na alluvial da marshy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> Kwanan nan da na yanzu Quaternary facies sun hada da ajiyar ruwa da lacustrine, kwanan nan pebbly da silty alluvium, consolidated dunes, scallop lumachelles, marine poudingues da sandstones, yashi mai laushi da tsohuwar Quaternarian alluvium.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> === Geomorphology === Tafkin Réghaïa yana kan tudu mai tsawo a yankin Réghaia . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDjitli2021">Djitli, Yasmina (2021). [https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf "Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar''. '''40''' (2). [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.23818/limn.40.27|10.23818/limn.40.27]].</cite></ref> Yankin, wanda [[Ƙorama|kwari]] masu yawa suka yi zurfi, yana da tsari mai saurin juyawa wanda Oued Réghaïa ya ratsa, wanda ya samar da karamin kwari tare da gangara biyu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDjitli2021">Djitli, Yasmina (2021). [https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf "Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar''. '''40''' (2). [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.23818/limn.40.27|10.23818/limn.40.27]].</cite></ref> Ɗaya daga gabas, wanda a baya ya kasance na Saïdani da Ali Khodja, yanzu cibiyar farauta ta Réghaïa, cibiyar kira ta ƙasa da tashar famfo ne.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}</ref> Sauran, zuwa yamma, Douar Aïn El Kahla da Domaine agricole de Boudhane ne ke zaune.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDelleciMohamedMadjdoubSayoud2018">Delleci, K.; Mohamed, N.; Madjdoub, F.; Sayoud, K. (2018). [https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 "Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface"]. ''Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology''. '''4''' (3).</cite></ref> A arewacin kwarin, wasu tsaunuka masu tsawo sun shimfiɗa, suna raba bakin Oued Réghaïa daga Bahar Rum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Le lac ou le marais de Réghaïa |url=https://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/voyages/337848-le-lac-ou-le-marais-de-réghaïa?t=329881 |website=Forum Algérie |language=fr}}</ref> === Ilimin yara === Ƙasa a tafkin Réghaïa tana da yashi-loamy. Sashe na tsakiya, a gefe guda, yana da ƙasa mai kyau tare da yanayin laka, kuma ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa na [[Bahar Rum]] da ƙasa mai launin ja. === Ilimin ruwa === Tafkin Reghaïa yana ciyar da ruwa daga ƙasa daga Réghaia marsh, wanda Oued Réghaï, Oued Guesbaï, Ouad Berraba, Oued El Biar, Oued Boureah da Oued El Hamiz ke ciyarwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDelleciMohamedMadjdoubSayoud2018">Delleci, K.; Mohamed, N.; Madjdoub, F.; Sayoud, K. (2018). [https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 "Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface"]. ''Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology''. '''4''' (3).</cite></ref> === Yanayi === Tafkin Reghaïa yana cikin yankin da ke da Yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke da yanayi na watanni 7 da kuma lokacin rani na watanni 5. Dangane da climagram na Emberger, Réghaïa marsh yana cikin yankin bioclimatic mai laushi, wanda ke da alamar bushewa, lokacin zafi da kuma sanyi mai laushi. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] drakoxov1npw8tvhe4xnwm0t2j1bih1 840675 840674 2026-05-28T04:25:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 840675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Reghaïa''' yana cikin garin Réghaia, Aljeriya, kilomita 29 a gabashin [[Aljir|Algiers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref>&nbsp; Yana tattara ruwa daga ruwa mai nisan kilomita 84², daga inda Oued Réghaïa ke gudana. Tafkin, tare da gandun daji na Réghaïa, an gane shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac de Fetzara |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1299 |website=Service d’information sur les Sites Ramsar |language=fr}}</ref>&nbsp; == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Reghaïa yana da nisan kilomita 29 a gabashin Algiers . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref> Tana cikin garin Réghaïa a yankin Mitidja na Basse Kabylie. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TerraServer - Aerial Photos & Satellite Images |url=http://www.terraserver.com/view.asp?cx=3.6201279&cy=36.7228968&proj=4326&mpp=1&sdrt=jax |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310203947/http://www.terraserver.com/view.asp?cx=3.6201279&cy=36.7228968&proj=4326&mpp=1&sdrt=jax |archive-date=2016-03-10 |website=terraserver.com}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Réghaïa ya yi daidai da bakin kogin Oued Réghaia, wanda belin dune ya toshe bakinsa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref> Kimanin mita 600 daga sama daga [[Bahar Rum]], wani dyke na wucin gadi yana riƙe da ruwan dindindin na wurin marshland. Wannan tafkin teku yana da bankunan da ke gangara a hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac du reghaia - historique |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lac-du-reghaia.sitew.com%2F#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |language=fr}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Lac_de_reghaia.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Reghaïa]] Kafin shekarun 1930, lokacin da dunes ya hana Oued Réghaïa kuma ba a zurfafa gadonsa ba, akwai wani wuri mai cike da tsuntsaye, amma neman sabon gonar ya haifar da zubar da wadi ta hanyar famfo, zubar da ruwa da dasa bishiyoyin eucalyptus. An yi watsi da wannan aikin, kuma an gina shinge na ƙasa don ƙirƙirar tafkin ban ruwa, sannan kuma wani shinge don riƙe ruwa mai yawa daga wadi. Daga nan ne aka sake daidaita tashar da ke ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2006 |title=Plan de Gestion de la Réserve Naturelle du Lac de Réghaïa (Algérie) |url=http://www.medwet.org/wp-content/pdf/NAWN_1.pdf |journal=Protection et Développement Durable des Zones Humides en Afrique du Nord |language=fr}}</ref> == Halayen jiki == === Ilimin ƙasa === Tafkin Réghaïa yana da alamar Neogene na kyawawan ajiyar Miocene da Plio-Quaternary da ke tsakiyar tsakanin [[Gibraltar]] da Sicilian Channel.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> Wannan tsari na yanayin ƙasa, wanda ya ninka sannan ya cika, ana nuna shi da facies na alluvial da marshy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> Kwanan nan da na yanzu Quaternary facies sun hada da ajiyar ruwa da lacustrine, kwanan nan pebbly da silty alluvium, consolidated dunes, scallop lumachelles, marine poudingues da sandstones, yashi mai laushi da tsohuwar Quaternarian alluvium.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=El Haouati |first=Habiba |last2=Arab |first2=Abdeslem |last3=Tudesque |first3=Loïc |last4=Lek |first4=Sovan |last5=Samraoui |first5=Boudjéma |date=2015 |title=Study of the diatoms of Reghaia Lake, northern Algeria |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/revec_0249-7395_2015_num_70_1_1768 |journal=Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=44–57}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}</ref> === Geomorphology === Tafkin Réghaïa yana kan tudu mai tsawo a yankin Réghaia . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDjitli2021">Djitli, Yasmina (2021). [https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf "Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar''. '''40''' (2). [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.23818/limn.40.27|10.23818/limn.40.27]].</cite></ref> Yankin, wanda [[Ƙorama|kwari]] masu yawa suka yi zurfi, yana da tsari mai saurin juyawa wanda Oued Réghaïa ya ratsa, wanda ya samar da karamin kwari tare da gangara biyu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Djitli |first=Yasmina |date=2021 |title=Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria) |url=https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf |journal=National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.23818/limn.40.27}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDjitli2021">Djitli, Yasmina (2021). [https://www.limnetica.com/documentos/limnetica/limnetica-40-2-27.pdf "Annual cycle of water quality and macroinvertebrate composition in Algerian wetlands: a case study of lake Réghaïa (Algeria)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''National Higher School of Agronomy, GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, National Higher School of Veterinary -Zoological Laboratory-, Oued-Smar''. '''40''' (2). [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.23818/limn.40.27|10.23818/limn.40.27]].</cite></ref> Ɗaya daga gabas, wanda a baya ya kasance na Saïdani da Ali Khodja, yanzu cibiyar farauta ta Réghaïa, cibiyar kira ta ƙasa da tashar famfo ne.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}</ref> Sauran, zuwa yamma, Douar Aïn El Kahla da Domaine agricole de Boudhane ne ke zaune.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDelleciMohamedMadjdoubSayoud2018">Delleci, K.; Mohamed, N.; Madjdoub, F.; Sayoud, K. (2018). [https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 "Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface"]. ''Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology''. '''4''' (3).</cite></ref> A arewacin kwarin, wasu tsaunuka masu tsawo sun shimfiɗa, suna raba bakin Oued Réghaïa daga Bahar Rum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Le lac ou le marais de Réghaïa |url=https://www.algerie-dz.com/forums/voyages/337848-le-lac-ou-le-marais-de-réghaïa?t=329881 |website=Forum Algérie |language=fr}}</ref> === Ilimin yara === Ƙasa a tafkin Réghaïa tana da yashi-loamy. Sashe na tsakiya, a gefe guda, yana da ƙasa mai kyau tare da yanayin laka, kuma ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa na [[Bahar Rum]] da ƙasa mai launin ja. === Ilimin ruwa === Tafkin Reghaïa yana ciyar da ruwa daga ƙasa daga Réghaia marsh, wanda Oued Réghaï, Oued Guesbaï, Ouad Berraba, Oued El Biar, Oued Boureah da Oued El Hamiz ke ciyarwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Delleci |first=K. |last2=Mohamed |first2=N. |last3=Madjdoub |first3=F. |last4=Sayoud |first4=K. |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface |url=https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 |journal=Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology |volume=4 |issue=3}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDelleciMohamedMadjdoubSayoud2018">Delleci, K.; Mohamed, N.; Madjdoub, F.; Sayoud, K. (2018). [https://www.aljest.net/index.php/aljest/article/view/56 "Evaluation of the quality of the ground of the lake of Reghaïa in heavy metals and study of their distribution on the surface"]. ''Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology''. '''4''' (3).</cite></ref> === Yanayi === Tafkin Reghaïa yana cikin yankin da ke da Yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke da yanayi na watanni 7 da kuma lokacin rani na watanni 5. Dangane da climagram na Emberger, Réghaïa marsh yana cikin yankin bioclimatic mai laushi, wanda ke da alamar bushewa, lokacin zafi da kuma sanyi mai laushi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] blrvpilfe2a2e2yojcva9b555i5xwy1 0 152379 840676 2026-05-28T04:26:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346222276|Sabkha Zamoul]]" 840676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabkha Zamoul''' tafkin [[gishiri]] ne wanda ke yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Aljeriya]], a cikin iyakokin gudanarwa na Lardin Oum El Bouaghi da kuma garin Ouled Zouaï.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-09 |title=Panorama : FAIT UNIQUE DANS LES ANNALES Des flamants roses nés en Algérie Le Soir d'Algérie |url=https://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/09/09/article.php?sid=42835&cid=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122211/https://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/09/09/article.php?sid=42835&cid=8 |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2011-12-21}}</ref> An yi amfani da shi a wani bangare don hakar gishiri kuma yana wakiltar mafi girman yankin nesting ga flamingos a cikin [[Bahar Rum]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006-10-18 |title=Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |access-date=2011-12-23}}</ref> Shafin ya ƙunshi yanki na hekta 6,765 kuma an haɗa shi a cikin jerin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa, ilimin ƙasa da yanayin ruwa === Shafin yana cikin wani yanayi na halitta a kan ƙasa mai laushi, wanda ke da alamar ƙasa mai gishiri da yashi mai laushi. Dutsen da ke kewaye da tafkin ne suka tsara yanayin ƙasa. Musamman bayanin kula shine tsaunukan Hanout Kabir (mita 1100), El Kantas Ali (mita 997), Kadia El Kalab (mita 1016), Little Tarbent (mita 1062), da Tarbent (mita 1124). Tafkin yana cike da hazo wanda ke gudana ta hanyar yanki mai girman hekta 8,900, kuma shafin yana aiki a matsayin wurin ajiya don ruwa mai guba daga wasu ƙananan al'ummomin makwabta. === Wurin da yake === Tafkin yana kan National Road 3, wanda ke haɗa Aïn M'lila zuwa Batna. Tana da nisan kilomita 17 a kudancin Birnin Aïn M'lila da nisan kilometres 10 a gabashin garin Souk Naamane, kusa da Tinselt Shatt . An rarraba wannan shafin a matsayin shafin Ramsar a shekara ta 2004. Yankin kudancin tafkin yana da nisan mita 200 daga garin Ouled Zouaï. Gundumomin Souk Naamane da [[Oum El Bouaghi Province|Oum El Bouaghi]] Province)" Gundumar Aïn Kechra a Oum El Bouaghi suna ɗaukar alhakin gudanarwa ga Sabkha Zamoul.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> === Yanayi === Shafin yana cikin yankin yanayi wanda aka rarraba shi azaman tsaka-tsaki zuwa bushe, tare da matakan hazo daga 100 zuwa 400 mm a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar tafkin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin wuri mai laushi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> Yanayin wannan yankin yana da sanyi, hunturu mai ruwan sama, tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na digiri 2.9 na Celsius, da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushewa, tare da yiwuwar fari na tsawon watanni shida ko fiye. Matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka kai a lokacin watanni na rani shine digiri 36.9 na Celsius. Mafi yawan iskõki a arewa maso yamma da yamma suna da halayyar hazo mara kyau da mai nauyi, sau da yawa yana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa. Sabanin haka, iskõkin da suka samo asali daga kudu yawanci sun bushe kuma suna da yanayin zafi mai girma. == Flora da fauna == Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga flamingos, tare da kimanin nau'i-nau'i 10,000 da kaji 16,000 da aka lura a watan Satumbar 2009. A tsakiyar watan Satumba, flamingos sun fara ƙaura ta shekara-shekara zuwa wuraren hunturu a Oued Righ. Tare da hadin gwiwar tashar halittu ta Tour de Valla da kuma lardin gandun daji na Oum El Bouaghi, Jami'ar [[Annaba]] ta gudanar da ayyukan saka idanu da kariya ga flamingos, wanda ya haifar da mulkin mallaka na tsibirin da ke auna hekta 0.9 a cikin tafkin ta hanyar flamingos 8,500.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006-10-18 |title=Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |access-date=2011-12-23}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 "Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan"]. 2006-10-18. Archived from [https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 the original] on 2017-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, yawan shelduck na yau da kullun ya kai mutane 1,400, wanda ke wakiltar 6.4% na jimlar adadin wannan nau'in a Yankin Bahar Rum. Bugu da ƙari, yankin yana da wasu sanannun nau'o'in, gami da shoveler na arewa, [[Galantoyi|fararen storks]], pied avocet, Cranes na yau da kullun, Black-headed gull, black-winged stilt, eurasian curlew, little stint, Kentish plover, da Gull-billed tern. Baya ga tsuntsaye masu cin nama kamar buzzard, black kite, common kestrel, peregrine falcon, da kuma karamin kestrel. Nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa kawai da ke zaune a kusa da wuraren da ake ruwa sune alade, jackals, red foxes, hare, da [[Ɓera|beraye]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf "Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;2. Archived from [https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> Game da invertebrates, ana iya gano nau'ikan crustacean guda biyu. Nau'ikan crustaceans guda biyu sune Nematostella vectensis da Branchinella spinos . Tsire-tsire da ke kewaye da tafkin sun ƙunshi amfanin gona da tsire-tsalle masu jure gishiri.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf "Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;2. Archived from [https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Sebkhet_El_Zemoul_avec_le_train.JPG|center|thumb|600x600px|Sabkha Zamoul]] == Manazarta == a3vq042sabduex0cyjhivb6dxx17ob4 840677 840676 2026-05-28T04:26:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sabkha Zamoul''' tafkin [[gishiri]] ne wanda ke yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Aljeriya]], a cikin iyakokin gudanarwa na Lardin Oum El Bouaghi da kuma garin Ouled Zouaï.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-09 |title=Panorama : FAIT UNIQUE DANS LES ANNALES Des flamants roses nés en Algérie Le Soir d'Algérie |url=https://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/09/09/article.php?sid=42835&cid=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122211/https://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2006/09/09/article.php?sid=42835&cid=8 |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2011-12-21}}</ref> An yi amfani da shi a wani bangare don hakar gishiri kuma yana wakiltar mafi girman yankin nesting ga flamingos a cikin [[Bahar Rum]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006-10-18 |title=Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |access-date=2011-12-23}}</ref> Shafin ya ƙunshi yanki na hekta 6,765 kuma an haɗa shi a cikin jerin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa, ilimin ƙasa da yanayin ruwa === Shafin yana cikin wani yanayi na halitta a kan ƙasa mai laushi, wanda ke da alamar ƙasa mai gishiri da yashi mai laushi. Dutsen da ke kewaye da tafkin ne suka tsara yanayin ƙasa. Musamman bayanin kula shine tsaunukan Hanout Kabir (mita 1100), El Kantas Ali (mita 997), Kadia El Kalab (mita 1016), Little Tarbent (mita 1062), da Tarbent (mita 1124). Tafkin yana cike da hazo wanda ke gudana ta hanyar yanki mai girman hekta 8,900, kuma shafin yana aiki a matsayin wurin ajiya don ruwa mai guba daga wasu ƙananan al'ummomin makwabta. === Wurin da yake === Tafkin yana kan National Road 3, wanda ke haɗa Aïn M'lila zuwa Batna. Tana da nisan kilomita 17 a kudancin Birnin Aïn M'lila da nisan kilometres 10 a gabashin garin Souk Naamane, kusa da Tinselt Shatt . An rarraba wannan shafin a matsayin shafin Ramsar a shekara ta 2004. Yankin kudancin tafkin yana da nisan mita 200 daga garin Ouled Zouaï. Gundumomin Souk Naamane da [[Oum El Bouaghi Province|Oum El Bouaghi]] Province)" Gundumar Aïn Kechra a Oum El Bouaghi suna ɗaukar alhakin gudanarwa ga Sabkha Zamoul.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> === Yanayi === Shafin yana cikin yankin yanayi wanda aka rarraba shi azaman tsaka-tsaki zuwa bushe, tare da matakan hazo daga 100 zuwa 400 mm a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar tafkin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin wuri mai laushi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}</ref> Yanayin wannan yankin yana da sanyi, hunturu mai ruwan sama, tare da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na digiri 2.9 na Celsius, da zafi, lokacin rani mai bushewa, tare da yiwuwar fari na tsawon watanni shida ko fiye. Matsakaicin zafin jiki da aka kai a lokacin watanni na rani shine digiri 36.9 na Celsius. Mafi yawan iskõki a arewa maso yamma da yamma suna da halayyar hazo mara kyau da mai nauyi, sau da yawa yana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa. Sabanin haka, iskõkin da suka samo asali daga kudu yawanci sun bushe kuma suna da yanayin zafi mai girma. == Flora da fauna == Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga flamingos, tare da kimanin nau'i-nau'i 10,000 da kaji 16,000 da aka lura a watan Satumbar 2009. A tsakiyar watan Satumba, flamingos sun fara ƙaura ta shekara-shekara zuwa wuraren hunturu a Oued Righ. Tare da hadin gwiwar tashar halittu ta Tour de Valla da kuma lardin gandun daji na Oum El Bouaghi, Jami'ar [[Annaba]] ta gudanar da ayyukan saka idanu da kariya ga flamingos, wanda ya haifar da mulkin mallaka na tsibirin da ke auna hekta 0.9 a cikin tafkin ta hanyar flamingos 8,500.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2006-10-18 |title=Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |access-date=2011-12-23}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171001003536/http://www.djazairess.com:80/fr/elwatan/52247 "Wetlands and ornithology La nidification du flamant rose enfin prouvée El Watan"]. 2006-10-18. Archived from [https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/52247 the original] on 2017-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2005, yawan shelduck na yau da kullun ya kai mutane 1,400, wanda ke wakiltar 6.4% na jimlar adadin wannan nau'in a Yankin Bahar Rum. Bugu da ƙari, yankin yana da wasu sanannun nau'o'in, gami da shoveler na arewa, [[Galantoyi|fararen storks]], pied avocet, Cranes na yau da kullun, Black-headed gull, black-winged stilt, eurasian curlew, little stint, Kentish plover, da Gull-billed tern. Baya ga tsuntsaye masu cin nama kamar buzzard, black kite, common kestrel, peregrine falcon, da kuma karamin kestrel. Nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa kawai da ke zaune a kusa da wuraren da ake ruwa sune alade, jackals, red foxes, hare, da [[Ɓera|beraye]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf "Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;2. Archived from [https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> Game da invertebrates, ana iya gano nau'ikan crustacean guda biyu. Nau'ikan crustaceans guda biyu sune Nematostella vectensis da Branchinella spinos . Tsire-tsire da ke kewaye da tafkin sun ƙunshi amfanin gona da tsire-tsalle masu jure gishiri.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008 |url=https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2011-12-23 |page=2}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210000514/https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf "Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) - version 2006-2008"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;2. Archived from [https://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ045_RIS_2009_F.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Sebkhet_El_Zemoul_avec_le_train.JPG|center|thumb|600x600px|Sabkha Zamoul]] == Manazarta == bwyqptkqk8fg72fgvno42yy97t8ureo 0 152380 840678 2026-05-28T04:27:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1163357167|Sebkha el Melah, Béni Abbès]]" 840678 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Sebkha el Melah''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Sebkha na Kerzaz''', tafkin gishiri ne a Lardin Béni Abbès, kudu maso yammacin [[Aljeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa AMS Topographic Maps – Alger |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_2.jpg |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=Perry–Castañeda Map Collection |publisher=University of Texas}}</ref> Oued Saoura yana shiga cikin tafkin. Tafkin yana kusa da Kerzaz, kimanin kilomita {{Convert|120|km|mi|0}} (75 kudu maso gabashin Béni Abbès. == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha el Melah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka kafa wani kwandon a Lardin Béni Abbès a kudu maso yammacin [[Aljeriya]], zuwa kudancin Dutsen Atlas . Dutsen dutse na Ougarta Range yana yamma da yashi na Grand Erg Occidental zuwa gabas. Sebkha kanta tana da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kimanin {{Convert|20|mm|in|1}} in), wanda ya fi ƙasa da Saharan Atlas zuwa arewa ({{Convert|150|mm|in|0}} in)). Kogin Oued Saoura ne ke ciyar da tafkin amma mafi yawan shekara yawan ruwan da aka fitar daga farfajiyar ya wuce yawan ruwan da ke gudana, kuma an kafa gishiri. Rashin ba shi da fitowa, kuma saboda tushen ruwa na nahiya ne maimakon ruwa, adadin gishiri da aka ajiye yana da iyaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bour, Ivan |year=2003 |title=Les Évaporites |url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmembres.multimania.fr%2Fibour%2Fpgtext%2Fevap1.pdf |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Multimania.fr |language=French}}</ref> Ƙasa na sabkha yawanci ya bushe kuma an rufe shi da ɓawon gishiri, galibi an kafa shi daga halite. Lokaci-lokaci, ruwan sama mai yawa yana haifar da ambaliyar Saoura kuma ruwa yana gudana cikin sabkha. Jimlar abubuwan da aka narke suna ƙaruwa yayin da ɓawon burodi ya narke kuma ya faru. Wasu ruwa suna shiga cikin ƙasa mai laushi suna samar da wani nau'i mai laushi wanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, wanda ya cika har zuwa sodium chloride. Rashin ruwa a cikin tafkin yana faruwa, kuma bayan 'yan watanni, sabkha ya bushe, kuma an kafa sabon ɓawon burodi. == Manazarta == phujos4yk9mize4dv7bgfat26dsm7nw 840679 840678 2026-05-28T04:27:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 840679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sebkha el Melah''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Sebkha na Kerzaz''', tafkin gishiri ne a Lardin Béni Abbès, kudu maso yammacin [[Aljeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa AMS Topographic Maps – Alger |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_2.jpg |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=Perry–Castañeda Map Collection |publisher=University of Texas}}</ref> Oued Saoura yana shiga cikin tafkin. Tafkin yana kusa da Kerzaz, kimanin kilomita {{Convert|120|km|mi|0}} (75 kudu maso gabashin Béni Abbès. == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha el Melah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka kafa wani kwandon a Lardin Béni Abbès a kudu maso yammacin [[Aljeriya]], zuwa kudancin Dutsen Atlas . Dutsen dutse na Ougarta Range yana yamma da yashi na Grand Erg Occidental zuwa gabas. Sebkha kanta tana da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kimanin {{Convert|20|mm|in|1}} in), wanda ya fi ƙasa da Saharan Atlas zuwa arewa ({{Convert|150|mm|in|0}} in)). Kogin Oued Saoura ne ke ciyar da tafkin amma mafi yawan shekara yawan ruwan da aka fitar daga farfajiyar ya wuce yawan ruwan da ke gudana, kuma an kafa gishiri. Rashin ba shi da fitowa, kuma saboda tushen ruwa na nahiya ne maimakon ruwa, adadin gishiri da aka ajiye yana da iyaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bour, Ivan |year=2003 |title=Les Évaporites |url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmembres.multimania.fr%2Fibour%2Fpgtext%2Fevap1.pdf |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Multimania.fr |language=French}}</ref> Ƙasa na sabkha yawanci ya bushe kuma an rufe shi da ɓawon gishiri, galibi an kafa shi daga halite. Lokaci-lokaci, ruwan sama mai yawa yana haifar da ambaliyar Saoura kuma ruwa yana gudana cikin sabkha. Jimlar abubuwan da aka narke suna ƙaruwa yayin da ɓawon burodi ya narke kuma ya faru. Wasu ruwa suna shiga cikin ƙasa mai laushi suna samar da wani nau'i mai laushi wanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, wanda ya cika har zuwa sodium chloride. Rashin ruwa a cikin tafkin yana faruwa, kuma bayan 'yan watanni, sabkha ya bushe, kuma an kafa sabon ɓawon burodi. == Manazarta == 5qm301ii3k8vthfqn2phdk0wg1jql77 0 152381 840680 2026-05-28T04:28:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1236606901|Sebkha el Melah, El Menia]]" 840680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sebkha el Melah''', wanda aka fi sani da Sebkhel el Melah ko '''Sebkhet el Melah''' , tafkin gishiri ne a Lardin El Menia, tsakiyar [[Aljeriya]].<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sebkhel el Melah, Béchar, Algeria |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps?q=Sebkhel+el+Melah,+B%C3%A9char,+Algeria&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=29.360633,-1.065674&spn=1.297413,2.175293&sll=29.101777,-1.049194&sspn=1.300697,2.175293&oq=sebkhel+el+me&hnear=Sebkhel+el+Melah&t=m&z=9 |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=Google Maps}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha el Melah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka kafa a cikin wani kwandon a Lardin El Menia a tsakiyar [[Aljeriya]] . Ya ƙunshi ruwa guda biyu, na sama kamar tafki, tare da matsakaiciyar digiri na salinity da tsire-tsire da fauna, kuma na ƙasa Sabkha ko tafkin gishiri, tare da mafi girman salinity, gefen gishiri da ƙananan ciyayi.<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref> == Muhalli == An sanya Sebkha el Melah a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2004. Yankin shafin Ramsar yana da kadada 18,947 (acre 46,820), ƙasa ta kudancin tafkin tana da gishiri kuma tsire-tsire suna da yawa. A ƙasa akwai tsire-tsire na tamarisk da nau'ikan Shuke-shuke masu shuka. Wasu ayyukan noma suna faruwa, gami da noman dabino. Ana samun nau'o'in dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibian da yawa a cikin tafkin arewa, da kuma crustaceans, [[kifi]] da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Shafin yana da muhimmancin kasa da kasa saboda tsuntsayen ruwa da ke haifuwa da kiwon 'ya'yansu a nan. Tafkunan suna da amfani sosai saboda yanayin zafi da aka samu; fiye da 1% na yawan mutanen duniya na ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea'') da kuma duck mai laushi (''Aythya nyroca'') suna haifuwa a Sebkha el Melah.<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref> == Manazarta == onco2kwpv4qrdl4vnr0rau511qi7cze 840681 840680 2026-05-28T04:28:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 840681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sebkha el Melah''', wanda aka fi sani da Sebkhel el Melah ko '''Sebkhet el Melah''' , tafkin gishiri ne a Lardin El Menia, tsakiyar [[Aljeriya]].<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sebkhel el Melah, Béchar, Algeria |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps?q=Sebkhel+el+Melah,+B%C3%A9char,+Algeria&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=29.360633,-1.065674&spn=1.297413,2.175293&sll=29.101777,-1.049194&sspn=1.300697,2.175293&oq=sebkhel+el+me&hnear=Sebkhel+el+Melah&t=m&z=9 |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=Google Maps}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha el Melah tafkin gishiri ne wanda aka kafa a cikin wani kwandon a Lardin El Menia a tsakiyar [[Aljeriya]] . Ya ƙunshi ruwa guda biyu, na sama kamar tafki, tare da matsakaiciyar digiri na salinity da tsire-tsire da fauna, kuma na ƙasa Sabkha ko tafkin gishiri, tare da mafi girman salinity, gefen gishiri da ƙananan ciyayi.<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref> == Muhalli == An sanya Sebkha el Melah a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2004. Yankin shafin Ramsar yana da kadada 18,947 (acre 46,820), ƙasa ta kudancin tafkin tana da gishiri kuma tsire-tsire suna da yawa. A ƙasa akwai tsire-tsire na tamarisk da nau'ikan Shuke-shuke masu shuka. Wasu ayyukan noma suna faruwa, gami da noman dabino. Ana samun nau'o'in dabbobi masu rarrafe da amphibian da yawa a cikin tafkin arewa, da kuma crustaceans, [[kifi]] da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Shafin yana da muhimmancin kasa da kasa saboda tsuntsayen ruwa da ke haifuwa da kiwon 'ya'yansu a nan. Tafkunan suna da amfani sosai saboda yanayin zafi da aka samu; fiye da 1% na yawan mutanen duniya na ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea'') da kuma duck mai laushi (''Aythya nyroca'') suna haifuwa a Sebkha el Melah.<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Sebkhet El Melah |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1429 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=Ramsar |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}</ref> == Manazarta == ryxn0rdidmjy0x5yfg7qae5uwhcjcl4 0 152382 840682 2026-05-28T04:28:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351233265|Sebkha of Oran]]" 840682 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Fayil:Sebkha_d'Oran.PNG|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_d'Oran.PNG|Topographic map of the basin of the Sebkha of Oran. Fayil:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|The Sebkha near Hassi El Ghella. Fayil:Sebkha_D'Oran.jpg|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_D'Oran.jpg </gallery>'''Sebkha na Oran''' tafkin gishiri ne wanda ke cikin yankin garin Misserghin, a lardin Oran, [[Aljeriya]]. == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha na Oran tafki ne mai nisan kilomita 15 a kudancin Oran a cikin garin Misserghin, kuma yana da nisan kilomita 12 daga [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]]. Yana da wani bakin ciki da ke da tsawo na 110 mita, iyakance zuwa arewa da Murdjaja Massif da kudu da Tessala Massif. Sebkha yana zaune a kasan wannan bakin ciki, yana nuna cewa yana da shimfidar wuri amma dan kadan ya karkata zuwa yamma, tare da ƙananan ma'ana a mita 80 sama da matakin teku da kuma babban ma'ana na mita 82. Yana da siffar elliptical, kimanin kilomita 40 a tsawon tare da kudu maso yamma-arewa maso gabas, da faɗin daga 6 zuwa 13 km.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tafkin yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar hanyar hanyar sadarwar ruwa da farko daga Tessala da Murdjaja Massifs. Koyaya, ruwa a wannan yanki yana da gishiri. Tafkin, wanda ke samar da ruwa mai laushi daga 10 zuwa 30 cm dangane da ruwan sama, ya bushe gaba ɗaya a lokacin rani saboda yawan evaporation da fari na yankin. Yanayin yanayi ne na tsaka-tsaki na Bahar Rum, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara tsakanin 378 da 473 mm.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ana amfani da ƙasashen da ke kewaye da tafkin don noma. Gishiri daga tafkin yana da mummunar tasiri a gefen kudancin Oran da kuma titunan filin jirgin saman Oran. An gane Sebkha na Oran a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun daga ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sebkha d'Oran |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1055?language=fr |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=Service d’information sur les Sites Ramsar |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Emberger, yanayin a Es Senia an rarraba shi azaman tsaka-tsaki. == Tsire-tsire == [[Fayil:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|thumb|Flora a Sebkha Oran]] Shuke-shuke na halophytic na wannan babban sebkha ya kasance batun zurfin binciken kimiyya da yawa. A cewar K. Bahi, a bayyane yake cewa "yanki a yankin Oran suna nuna bambancin halittu wanda ya cancanci kariya da kiyayewa". Rashin ruwa da ke kewaye da sebkha an rufe shi da gandun daji na Aleppo pine, eucalyptus, cork oak, da thuja. == Dabbobi == Yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna zaune a cikin wuraren da ke yammacin Oran. Tafkin yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda biyu, sau da yawa suna wucewa da ƙofar kasa da kasa ta 1%: mafi girma flamingo da shoveler na arewa. Misali, a watan Fabrairun 1972, an ƙidaya flamingos 1,450 . Dangane da wadatar abinci, waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya motsawa tsakanin wannan tafkin, marshes na Macta, da Sebkha na Arzew (Johnson, a cikin litt.). 9ohk7hhfhzzviqd81b9aupekifrbh8i 840684 840682 2026-05-28T04:29:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 840684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Fayil:Sebkha_d'Oran.PNG|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_d'Oran.PNG|Topographic map of the basin of the Sebkha of Oran. Fayil:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|The Sebkha near Hassi El Ghella. Fayil:Sebkha_D'Oran.jpg|link=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sebkha_D'Oran.jpg </gallery>'''Sebkha na Oran''' tafkin gishiri ne wanda ke cikin yankin garin Misserghin, a lardin Oran, [[Aljeriya]]. == Yanayin ƙasa == Sebkha na Oran tafki ne mai nisan kilomita 15 a kudancin Oran a cikin garin Misserghin, kuma yana da nisan kilomita 12 daga [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]]. Yana da wani bakin ciki da ke da tsawo na 110 mita, iyakance zuwa arewa da Murdjaja Massif da kudu da Tessala Massif. Sebkha yana zaune a kasan wannan bakin ciki, yana nuna cewa yana da shimfidar wuri amma dan kadan ya karkata zuwa yamma, tare da ƙananan ma'ana a mita 80 sama da matakin teku da kuma babban ma'ana na mita 82. Yana da siffar elliptical, kimanin kilomita 40 a tsawon tare da kudu maso yamma-arewa maso gabas, da faɗin daga 6 zuwa 13 km.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tafkin yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar hanyar hanyar sadarwar ruwa da farko daga Tessala da Murdjaja Massifs. Koyaya, ruwa a wannan yanki yana da gishiri. Tafkin, wanda ke samar da ruwa mai laushi daga 10 zuwa 30 cm dangane da ruwan sama, ya bushe gaba ɗaya a lokacin rani saboda yawan evaporation da fari na yankin. Yanayin yanayi ne na tsaka-tsaki na Bahar Rum, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara tsakanin 378 da 473 mm.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ana amfani da ƙasashen da ke kewaye da tafkin don noma. Gishiri daga tafkin yana da mummunar tasiri a gefen kudancin Oran da kuma titunan filin jirgin saman Oran. An gane Sebkha na Oran a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun daga ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sebkha d'Oran |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1055?language=fr |access-date=17 March 2015 |website=Service d’information sur les Sites Ramsar |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Emberger, yanayin a Es Senia an rarraba shi azaman tsaka-tsaki. == Tsire-tsire == [[Fayil:Sebkha_Oran.JPG|thumb|Flora a Sebkha Oran]] Shuke-shuke na halophytic na wannan babban sebkha ya kasance batun zurfin binciken kimiyya da yawa. A cewar K. Bahi, a bayyane yake cewa "yanki a yankin Oran suna nuna bambancin halittu wanda ya cancanci kariya da kiyayewa". Rashin ruwa da ke kewaye da sebkha an rufe shi da gandun daji na Aleppo pine, eucalyptus, cork oak, da thuja. == Dabbobi == Yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna zaune a cikin wuraren da ke yammacin Oran. Tafkin yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda biyu, sau da yawa suna wucewa da ƙofar kasa da kasa ta 1%: mafi girma flamingo da shoveler na arewa. Misali, a watan Fabrairun 1972, an ƙidaya flamingos 1,450 . Dangane da wadatar abinci, waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya motsawa tsakanin wannan tafkin, marshes na Macta, da Sebkha na Arzew (Johnson, a cikin litt.). == Manazarta == cgdi7v0wivn21rmuz1hguoubiz1cipu 0 152383 840683 2026-05-28T04:29:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216310506|Addi Abagiè]]" 840683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Abagiè''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Sa'isi Tsa'ida Imba na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan kasa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1993. [[Fayil:8._Addi_Abagie_(broken_dam).jpg|left|thumb|Rushewa a madatsar ruwan Addi Abagiè a shekara ta 2001]] == Halayen madatsar ruwa == Tsawon tsaunuka na madatsar ruwa: mita 176. Musamman, daga cikin madatsun ruwa da yawa a Tigray, an karya wannan madatsar ruwa a shekara ta 2000, saboda matsayi mai girma na hanyar zubar da ruwa kuma saboda haka mamaye madatsar ruwan. A kusa da shekara ta 2010 an rufe fashewar kuma tsawo na madatsar ruwan ya karu. Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana aiki. == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da girman kilomita 8.77, tare da kewayon kilomita 13 da tsawon mita 4700. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Enticho Sandstone da Precambrian metamorphic rocks.[²]&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazaeta == l878473a2chy4ralozun7dn1wic8if1 840685 840683 2026-05-28T04:29:40Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Abagiè''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Sa'isi Tsa'ida Imba na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan kasa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1993. [[Fayil:8._Addi_Abagie_(broken_dam).jpg|left|thumb|Rushewa a madatsar ruwan Addi Abagiè a shekara ta 2001]] == Halayen madatsar ruwa == Tsawon tsaunuka na madatsar ruwa: mita 176. Musamman, daga cikin madatsun ruwa da yawa a Tigray, an karya wannan madatsar ruwa a shekara ta 2000, saboda matsayi mai girma na hanyar zubar da ruwa kuma saboda haka mamaye madatsar ruwan. A kusa da shekara ta 2010 an rufe fashewar kuma tsawo na madatsar ruwan ya karu. Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana aiki. == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da girman kilomita 8.77, tare da kewayon kilomita 13 da tsawon mita 4700. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Enticho Sandstone da Precambrian metamorphic rocks.[²]&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazaeta == fod1jifj432wylefoudfpm1xwyxmeax 0 152384 840686 2026-05-28T04:29:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307306423|Dilolo Lake]]" 840686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Dilolo''' shine [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Angola]] . Yana cikin lardin Moxico Leste . Tafkin yana nan a wajen [[Gidan shakatawa na Cameia|wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Cameia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilolo Lake |url=https://www.traveloangola.com/places-to-visit/dilolo-lake/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Traveloangola}}</ref> == Manazarta == mjyfjdc8tt80olrart7er4k0204dkik 840687 840686 2026-05-28T04:30:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 840687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Dilolo''' shine [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Angola]] . Yana cikin lardin Moxico Leste . Tafkin yana nan a wajen [[Gidan shakatawa na Cameia|wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Cameia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilolo Lake |url=https://www.traveloangola.com/places-to-visit/dilolo-lake/ |access-date=22 February 2023 |website=Traveloangola}}</ref> == Manazarta == diy5uvngf3opuqc7l1xvgx3k309qmr6 0 152385 840688 2026-05-28T04:30:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309419531|Lake Togbadji]]" 840688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Togbadji''' wani karamin tafki ne a cikin Sashen Mono, [[Benin]]. Tafkin yana da yanki na kimanin 5.5km² kuma yana kan [[Kogin Mono]].<ref name="Lederoun">{{Cite journal |last=Lederoun |first=D |last2=Vandewalle |first2=P |last3=Brahim |first3=Aa |last4=Moreau |first4=J |last5=Lalèyè |first5=Pa |date=2016-05-27 |title=Population parameters and exploitation rate of Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Cichlidae) in Lakes Doukon and Togbadji, Benin |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=151–160 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2016.1169988 |issn=1608-5914}}</ref> Ana kama tafkin ne don Mango tilapia.<ref name="Lederoun" /> == Manazarta == 1svj3fkr1x151bdyk6alpsszgp6y782 840689 840688 2026-05-28T04:30:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 840689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Togbadji''' wani karamin tafki ne a cikin Sashen Mono, [[Benin]]. Tafkin yana da yanki na kimanin 5.5km² kuma yana kan [[Kogin Mono]].<ref name="Lederoun">{{Cite journal |last=Lederoun |first=D |last2=Vandewalle |first2=P |last3=Brahim |first3=Aa |last4=Moreau |first4=J |last5=Lalèyè |first5=Pa |date=2016-05-27 |title=Population parameters and exploitation rate of Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus (Cichlidae) in Lakes Doukon and Togbadji, Benin |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=151–160 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2016.1169988 |issn=1608-5914}}</ref> Ana kama tafkin ne don Mango tilapia.<ref name="Lederoun" /> == Manazarta == sei9l4exvrkxvcip83h5l6quailkp96 0 152386 840690 2026-05-28T04:31:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309419399|Lake Toho (Benin)]]" 840690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Toho''' wani karamin tafki ne a cikin Sashen Mono, [[Benin]]. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018 an sami mutuwar kifi a cikin tafkin, wanda ake zaton wani irin gurɓata ne ya haifar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Bénin, le mystère des poissons morts du lac Toho |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/05/25/au-benin-le-mystere-des-poissons-morts-du-lac-toho_5304638_3212.html |access-date=2018-06-03 |website=Le Monde.fr |language=fr |publication-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2018 |title=Au Bénin, la mystérieuse mort des poissons du lac Toho - RFI |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20180530-benin-mysterieuse-mort-poissons-lac-toho |access-date=2018-06-03 |language=fr-FR |publication-date=}}</ref> == Manazarta == q2ae7esh8grglrac2pco0wog057aqhq 840692 840690 2026-05-28T04:31:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 840692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Toho''' wani karamin tafki ne a cikin Sashen Mono, [[Benin]]. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018 an sami mutuwar kifi a cikin tafkin, wanda ake zaton wani irin gurɓata ne ya haifar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Bénin, le mystère des poissons morts du lac Toho |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/05/25/au-benin-le-mystere-des-poissons-morts-du-lac-toho_5304638_3212.html |access-date=2018-06-03 |website=Le Monde.fr |language=fr |publication-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2018 |title=Au Bénin, la mystérieuse mort des poissons du lac Toho - RFI |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20180530-benin-mysterieuse-mort-poissons-lac-toho |access-date=2018-06-03 |language=fr-FR |publication-date=}}</ref> == Manazarta == kwon1i4gfeoeixi45mw18lyanzgaksg 0 152387 840691 2026-05-28T04:31:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1189317050|Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber]]" 840691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar noma da albarkatun kasa ta Tigray ta gina madatsar ruwan kasa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. [[Fayil:36._Hiza'iti_Wedi_Cheber_(spillway).jpg|left|thumb|Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber (spillway)]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 14.5 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 598 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 30 * Asali iya aiki: 1 240 000 m³ * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 80 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 50 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin yana da fadin murabba'in mita 33&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 24.6&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawon mita 6910. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> A zahiri, dukkan kwarin da ke ƙasa zuwa Chelekwot yana amfana daga wannan ruwan zubewa, wanda ke fitowa a cikin maɓuɓɓuga daban-daban kuma ana amfani da shi musamman don noman ban ruwa. == Manazarta == kbnyiv4rcqeumyt76u8y1wf6eovur39 840694 840691 2026-05-28T04:31:51Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar noma da albarkatun kasa ta Tigray ta gina madatsar ruwan kasa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. [[Fayil:36._Hiza'iti_Wedi_Cheber_(spillway).jpg|left|thumb|Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber (spillway)]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 14.5 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 598 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 30 * Asali iya aiki: 1 240 000 m³ * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 80 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 50 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin yana da fadin murabba'in mita 33&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 24.6&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawon mita 6910. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> A zahiri, dukkan kwarin da ke ƙasa zuwa Chelekwot yana amfana daga wannan ruwan zubewa, wanda ke fitowa a cikin maɓuɓɓuga daban-daban kuma ana amfani da shi musamman don noman ban ruwa. == Manazarta == r30bhn1v00y503zkafhx5uwhnu2s3bp 0 152388 840693 2026-05-28T04:31:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1166091090|Lake Bam]]" 840693 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Bam''' yana kusa da garin Kongoussi, a [[Burkina Faso]]. Tafkin yana bushewa a hankali, yana sanya aikin gona na ƙauyen da ke kusa, kifi, da shayar da shanu cikin haɗari. An sanya tafkin a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2009.<ref>"Lac Bam". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tashar tafkuna == Manazarta == ojefr552nofkck4bpbvlp0kg0lvi5jo 840695 840693 2026-05-28T04:32:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 840695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Bam''' yana kusa da garin Kongoussi, a [[Burkina Faso]]. Tafkin yana bushewa a hankali, yana sanya aikin gona na ƙauyen da ke kusa, kifi, da shayar da shanu cikin haɗari. An sanya tafkin a matsayin shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2009.<ref>"Lac Bam". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tashar tafkuna == Manazarta == j60x9oo3fziq1ihajcfbd9opn68q8xb 0 152389 840698 2026-05-28T04:33:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1020586498|Mare d'Oursi]]" 840698 wikitext text/x-wiki Mare d'[[Oursi]] wani karamin tafki ne mai zurfi a Lardin Oudalan a arewacin [[Burkina Faso]], kusa da garin Oursi. An haɗa shi a cikin Jerin wuraren rafi na Ramsar na muhimmancin duniya.<ref>World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1991). Protected areas of the world: a review of national systems, Volume 2. IUCN. p. 10. <nowiki>ISBN 2-8317-0092-2</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == fanee3sopljg9t9sbot9sbc3yyy2loy 840699 840698 2026-05-28T04:33:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 840699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mare d'[[Oursi]] wani karamin tafki ne mai zurfi a Lardin Oudalan a arewacin [[Burkina Faso]], kusa da garin Oursi. An haɗa shi a cikin Jerin wuraren rafi na Ramsar na muhimmancin duniya.<ref>World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1991). Protected areas of the world: a review of national systems, Volume 2. IUCN. p. 10. <nowiki>ISBN 2-8317-0092-2</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == hdf7a6oky2mag02x4t0wgij0uacjehh 0 152390 840700 2026-05-28T04:33:44Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354526227|Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]]" 840700 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam''' ( '''GERD''' or '''TaIHiGe''' ; Amharic Babban Ruwa , Tigrinya , Oromo ), wanda a da aka sani da '''Millennium Dam''' kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa da '''Hidase Dam''' ( Amharic , Oromo ), madatsar ruwa ce mai girman nauyi a kan Kogin Blue Nile a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Madatsar ruwan tana cikin yankin Metekel na yankin Benishangul-Gumuz, kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2011 |title=Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem |url=http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120322030951/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=News One}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roussi |first=Antoaneta |date=10 October 2019 |title=Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam |journal=Nature |volume=574 |issue=7777 |pages=159–60 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6 |pmid=31595068 |s2cid=203929162 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 2011 da 2025, babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki don rage matsalar karancin wutar lantarki da ke addabar Habasha da kuma fitar da wutar lantarki zuwa kasashen makwabta. Da karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya na gigawatts 5.15, madatsar ruwan ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Afirka kuma tana cikin manyan 20 a duniya . <ref name="salini">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2011 |title=Salini will build the biggest dam in Africa |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/show_news/77 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430121639/http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/show_news/77 |archive-date=30 April 2011 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=Salini Construttori}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed, A. T. |last2=Elsanabary, M. H. |date=13 March 2015 |title=Hydrological and Environmental Impacts of Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile River |url=http://iwtc.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/80.pdf |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Eighteenth International Water Technology Conference (CNKI)}}</ref> Mataki na farko na cike magudanar ruwa ya fara ne a watan Yulin 2020 kuma a watan Agustan 2020 matakin ruwan ya tashi zuwa mita 540 (mita 40 sama da ƙasan kogin, wanda yake a tsayin mita 500 sama da matakin teku). <ref name="tractebel-20200910">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Ethiopia: First stage of the filling of the reservoir of the Grand Renaissance Dam |url=https://tractebel-engie.com/en/news/2020/ethiopia-first-stage-of-the-filling-of-the-reservoir-of-the-grand-renaissance-dam |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Tractebel Engie}}</ref> An kammala mataki na biyu na cike magudanar ruwa a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2021, inda matakan ruwa suka tashi zuwa tsayin mita 575. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2021 |title=People's Dam Impounded, GERD-Locked Diplomacy, and Egypt's Red Line for a Non-Deferent Ethiopia |url=https://geopoliticspress.com/gerd-electricity-export-tailrace-penstock-nis-kdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122014152/https://geopoliticspress.com/gerd-electricity-export-tailrace-penstock-nis-kdf/ |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Geopolitics Press}}</ref> An kammala cika magudanar ruwa na uku a ranar 12 ga Agustan 2022 zuwa tsayin {{Convert|600|m}} . <ref name="aljazeera22">{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Ethiopia completes third filling of Blue Nile mega-dam reservoir |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/12/ethiopia-says-completes-third-filling-of-mega-dam-reservoir |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> An kammala cika bututun ruwa na huɗu a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2023, inda ruwa ya kai kimanin {{Convert|625|m}} . <ref name="reuters23">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Ethiopia says it has completed filling of disputed dam project's reservoir |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ethiopia-says-it-has-completed-filling-disputed-dam-projects-reservoir-2023-09-10/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> An kammala cika ruwa na biyar kuma na ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2024, tare da matakin ruwa na ƙarshe a tsayin kusan {{Convert|640|m}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Ethiopia begins 5th filling of Renaissance Dam without agreement |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/133538/Ethiopia-begins-5th-filling-of-Renaissance-Dam-without-agreement |publisher=Egypt Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2024 |title=Ethiopia has begun 5th filling of GERD, says Egypt |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/534487.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref> A cewar Firayim Minista Injiniya Hailemariam Desalegn, an shirya rantsar da shi a rabin na biyu na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2025 |title=Ethiopia to inaugurate disputed GERD within 6 months: PM Abiy Ahmed |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/543348.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2022, madatsar ruwan ta samar da wutar lantarki a karon farko, inda ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 375 zuwa ga tashar wutar lantarki. An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 375 na biyu a watan Agusta na 2022. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Ethiopia announces that second turbine in GERD is in operation |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/11/ethiopia-announces-that-second-turbine-in-gerd-is-in-operation/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 400 na uku a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2024 |title=GERD: Two More Turbines Start Commercial Operations |url=https://ethiopianmonitor.com/2024/08/25/gerd-two-more-turbines-start-commercial-operations/ |publisher=Ethiopian Monitor}}</ref> An bude madatsar ruwan a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=Ethiopia inaugurates GERD dam amid downstream tensions with Egypt, Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/9/ethiopia-inaugurates-gerd-dam-amid-downstream-tensions-with-egypt-sudan |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Bayani == Sunan da kogin Blue Nile ke ɗauka a Habasha ("Abay") ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ge'ez mai suna 'babba' don nuna cewa ita ce 'kogin koguna'. Kalmar Abay har yanzu tana nan a cikin manyan harsunan Habasha don nufin duk wani abu ko duk wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa. Ofishin Kula da Madatsar Ruwa na Amurka ya gano wurin da aka zaɓa don Babbar Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance ta Habasha a lokacin binciken Blue Nile, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin 1956 da 1964 a zamanin Sarki Haile Selassie . Duk da haka, saboda juyin mulkin 1974, mamayar Somaliya a Habasha a 1977-78, da kuma [[Yaƙin basasar Kasar Habasha|Yaƙin Basasa na Habasha]] na tsawon shekaru 15, aikin bai ci gaba ba har sai a farkon shekarun 2000. Gwamnatin Habasha ta yi bincike a wurin a watan Oktoba na 2009 da Agusta na 2010. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, an gabatar da tsarin madatsar ruwa. <ref name="watertech">{{Cite web |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project, Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia |url=http://www.water-technology.net/projects/grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-africa/ |access-date=7 June 2013 |publisher=Water Technology}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris 2011, kwana guda bayan an bayyana aikin ga jama'a, an kashe dala $4.8.&nbsp;An bayar da kwangilar biliyan ba tare da tayin gasa ba ga kamfanin Salini Impregilo na Italiya, kuma Firayim Minista [[Meles Zenawi]] ya aza harsashin ginin madatsar ruwa a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2011. <ref name="news">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=Ethiopia Launched Grand Millennium Dam Project, the Biggest in Africa |url=http://www.ethiopian-news.com/ethiopia-launched-grand-millennium-dam-project-the-biggest-in-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406054258/http://www.ethiopian-news.com/ethiopia-launched-grand-millennium-dam-project-the-biggest-in-africa |archive-date=6 April 2011 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=Ethiopian News}}</ref> An gina wata masana'antar da ke murkushe duwatsu, tare da ƙaramin filin jirgin sama don jigilar kaya cikin sauri. An yi tsammanin cewa injinan samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu na farko za su fara aiki bayan watanni 44 na ginin, ko kuma farkon 2015. Misira, tana da nisan sama da {{Convert|2500|km}} a ƙasan wurin, yana adawa da madatsar ruwa, wanda yake ganin zai rage yawan ruwan Nilu da ake da shi ga Masar. Zenawi ya yi jayayya, bisa ga wani bincike da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, cewa madatsar ruwa ba za ta rage yawan ruwan da ke ƙasa ba kuma za ta kuma daidaita ruwan da za a yi amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa. A watan Mayu na 2011, an sanar da cewa Habasha za ta raba zane-zanen madatsar ruwa da Masar domin a iya duba tasirin da ke ƙasa. Da farko an kira madatsar ruwan da "Aikin X". Bayan an sanar da kwangilarsa, an kira shi da Millennium Dam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Nation Rallies Behind a Cause |url=http://grandmillenniumdam.net/a-nation-rallies-behind-a-cause/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614091635/http://grandmillenniumdam.net/a-nation-rallies-behind-a-cause/ |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=29 May 2011 |publisher=Grand Millennium Dam}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2011, Majalisar Ministoci ta sake masa suna zuwa Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Habasha tana da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kusan GW 45. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas Land |date=5 February 2013 |title=Egypt & Sudan outraged by Ethiopia's Blue Nile Dam |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/news/2013/02/05/hydro-power-egypt-sudan-outraged-by-ethiopia-s-blue-nile-dam-by-thomas-land.html |access-date=19 February 2013 |publisher=Hydro World}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020}}</ref> Ana daukar nauyin madatsar ruwan ne ta hanyar takardun gwamnati da kuma gudummawar masu zaman kansu. An shirya kammala shi a watan Yulin 2017. <ref name="watertech" /> 18r7rcxbj2cltgqydisigvx8ltg0fqy 840702 840700 2026-05-28T04:34:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam''' ( '''GERD''' or '''TaIHiGe''' ; Amharic Babban Ruwa , Tigrinya , Oromo ), wanda a da aka sani da '''Millennium Dam''' kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa da '''Hidase Dam''' ( Amharic , Oromo ), madatsar ruwa ce mai girman nauyi a kan Kogin Blue Nile a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Madatsar ruwan tana cikin yankin Metekel na yankin Benishangul-Gumuz, kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2011 |title=Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem |url=http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120322030951/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=News One}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roussi |first=Antoaneta |date=10 October 2019 |title=Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam |journal=Nature |volume=574 |issue=7777 |pages=159–60 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6 |pmid=31595068 |s2cid=203929162 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 2011 da 2025, babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki don rage matsalar karancin wutar lantarki da ke addabar Habasha da kuma fitar da wutar lantarki zuwa kasashen makwabta. Da karfin wutar lantarki da aka sanya na gigawatts 5.15, madatsar ruwan ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Afirka kuma tana cikin manyan 20 a duniya . <ref name="salini">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2011 |title=Salini will build the biggest dam in Africa |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/show_news/77 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430121639/http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/show_news/77 |archive-date=30 April 2011 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=Salini Construttori}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed, A. T. |last2=Elsanabary, M. H. |date=13 March 2015 |title=Hydrological and Environmental Impacts of Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile River |url=http://iwtc.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/80.pdf |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Eighteenth International Water Technology Conference (CNKI)}}</ref> Mataki na farko na cike magudanar ruwa ya fara ne a watan Yulin 2020 kuma a watan Agustan 2020 matakin ruwan ya tashi zuwa mita 540 (mita 40 sama da ƙasan kogin, wanda yake a tsayin mita 500 sama da matakin teku). <ref name="tractebel-20200910">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Ethiopia: First stage of the filling of the reservoir of the Grand Renaissance Dam |url=https://tractebel-engie.com/en/news/2020/ethiopia-first-stage-of-the-filling-of-the-reservoir-of-the-grand-renaissance-dam |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Tractebel Engie}}</ref> An kammala mataki na biyu na cike magudanar ruwa a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2021, inda matakan ruwa suka tashi zuwa tsayin mita 575. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2021 |title=People's Dam Impounded, GERD-Locked Diplomacy, and Egypt's Red Line for a Non-Deferent Ethiopia |url=https://geopoliticspress.com/gerd-electricity-export-tailrace-penstock-nis-kdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122014152/https://geopoliticspress.com/gerd-electricity-export-tailrace-penstock-nis-kdf/ |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Geopolitics Press}}</ref> An kammala cika magudanar ruwa na uku a ranar 12 ga Agustan 2022 zuwa tsayin {{Convert|600|m}} . <ref name="aljazeera22">{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Ethiopia completes third filling of Blue Nile mega-dam reservoir |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/12/ethiopia-says-completes-third-filling-of-mega-dam-reservoir |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> An kammala cika bututun ruwa na huɗu a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2023, inda ruwa ya kai kimanin {{Convert|625|m}} . <ref name="reuters23">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Ethiopia says it has completed filling of disputed dam project's reservoir |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ethiopia-says-it-has-completed-filling-disputed-dam-projects-reservoir-2023-09-10/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> An kammala cika ruwa na biyar kuma na ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2024, tare da matakin ruwa na ƙarshe a tsayin kusan {{Convert|640|m}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Ethiopia begins 5th filling of Renaissance Dam without agreement |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/133538/Ethiopia-begins-5th-filling-of-Renaissance-Dam-without-agreement |publisher=Egypt Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2024 |title=Ethiopia has begun 5th filling of GERD, says Egypt |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/534487.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref> A cewar Firayim Minista Injiniya Hailemariam Desalegn, an shirya rantsar da shi a rabin na biyu na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2025 |title=Ethiopia to inaugurate disputed GERD within 6 months: PM Abiy Ahmed |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/543348.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2022, madatsar ruwan ta samar da wutar lantarki a karon farko, inda ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 375 zuwa ga tashar wutar lantarki. An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 375 na biyu a watan Agusta na 2022. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Ethiopia announces that second turbine in GERD is in operation |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/11/ethiopia-announces-that-second-turbine-in-gerd-is-in-operation/ |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> An fara aikin injin turbin mai karfin MW 400 na uku a watan Agusta na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2024 |title=GERD: Two More Turbines Start Commercial Operations |url=https://ethiopianmonitor.com/2024/08/25/gerd-two-more-turbines-start-commercial-operations/ |publisher=Ethiopian Monitor}}</ref> An bude madatsar ruwan a hukumance a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=Ethiopia inaugurates GERD dam amid downstream tensions with Egypt, Sudan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/9/ethiopia-inaugurates-gerd-dam-amid-downstream-tensions-with-egypt-sudan |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Bayani == Sunan da kogin Blue Nile ke ɗauka a Habasha ("Abay") ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ge'ez mai suna 'babba' don nuna cewa ita ce 'kogin koguna'. Kalmar Abay har yanzu tana nan a cikin manyan harsunan Habasha don nufin duk wani abu ko duk wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa. Ofishin Kula da Madatsar Ruwa na Amurka ya gano wurin da aka zaɓa don Babbar Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance ta Habasha a lokacin binciken Blue Nile, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin 1956 da 1964 a zamanin Sarki Haile Selassie . Duk da haka, saboda juyin mulkin 1974, mamayar Somaliya a Habasha a 1977-78, da kuma [[Yaƙin basasar Kasar Habasha|Yaƙin Basasa na Habasha]] na tsawon shekaru 15, aikin bai ci gaba ba har sai a farkon shekarun 2000. Gwamnatin Habasha ta yi bincike a wurin a watan Oktoba na 2009 da Agusta na 2010. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, an gabatar da tsarin madatsar ruwa. <ref name="watertech">{{Cite web |title=Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project, Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia |url=http://www.water-technology.net/projects/grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-africa/ |access-date=7 June 2013 |publisher=Water Technology}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris 2011, kwana guda bayan an bayyana aikin ga jama'a, an kashe dala $4.8.&nbsp;An bayar da kwangilar biliyan ba tare da tayin gasa ba ga kamfanin Salini Impregilo na Italiya, kuma Firayim Minista [[Meles Zenawi]] ya aza harsashin ginin madatsar ruwa a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2011. <ref name="news">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=Ethiopia Launched Grand Millennium Dam Project, the Biggest in Africa |url=http://www.ethiopian-news.com/ethiopia-launched-grand-millennium-dam-project-the-biggest-in-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406054258/http://www.ethiopian-news.com/ethiopia-launched-grand-millennium-dam-project-the-biggest-in-africa |archive-date=6 April 2011 |access-date=17 April 2011 |publisher=Ethiopian News}}</ref> An gina wata masana'antar da ke murkushe duwatsu, tare da ƙaramin filin jirgin sama don jigilar kaya cikin sauri. An yi tsammanin cewa injinan samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu na farko za su fara aiki bayan watanni 44 na ginin, ko kuma farkon 2015. Misira, tana da nisan sama da {{Convert|2500|km}} a ƙasan wurin, yana adawa da madatsar ruwa, wanda yake ganin zai rage yawan ruwan Nilu da ake da shi ga Masar. Zenawi ya yi jayayya, bisa ga wani bincike da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, cewa madatsar ruwa ba za ta rage yawan ruwan da ke ƙasa ba kuma za ta kuma daidaita ruwan da za a yi amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa. A watan Mayu na 2011, an sanar da cewa Habasha za ta raba zane-zanen madatsar ruwa da Masar domin a iya duba tasirin da ke ƙasa. Da farko an kira madatsar ruwan da "Aikin X". Bayan an sanar da kwangilarsa, an kira shi da Millennium Dam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Nation Rallies Behind a Cause |url=http://grandmillenniumdam.net/a-nation-rallies-behind-a-cause/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614091635/http://grandmillenniumdam.net/a-nation-rallies-behind-a-cause/ |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=29 May 2011 |publisher=Grand Millennium Dam}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2011, Majalisar Ministoci ta sake masa suna zuwa Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Habasha tana da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin kusan GW 45. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas Land |date=5 February 2013 |title=Egypt & Sudan outraged by Ethiopia's Blue Nile Dam |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/news/2013/02/05/hydro-power-egypt-sudan-outraged-by-ethiopia-s-blue-nile-dam-by-thomas-land.html |access-date=19 February 2013 |publisher=Hydro World}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020}}</ref> Ana daukar nauyin madatsar ruwan ne ta hanyar takardun gwamnati da kuma gudummawar masu zaman kansu. An shirya kammala shi a watan Yulin 2017. <ref name="watertech" /> ==manazarta== 4cfb41wkurw2p52m7uxsr43drz0uaho 0 152391 840701 2026-05-28T04:34:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301361509|Lake Tengrela]]" 840701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Tengrela''' wani karamin tafki ne kusa da Banfora a [[Burkina Faso]] . An san shi da Hippopotamuses. Mutanen yankin sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan hippopotamuses ba sa kai farmaki ga mutane saboda su ne hippopotamus masu tsarki. Kusan ba a taɓa ganin giwaye a cikin wannan tafkin ba. Yana da tsawon kilomita 2 da faɗin kilomita 1.5.<ref>Mepham, Robert; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). A directory of African wetlands. IUCN. p. 316. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == q2sw3b4lc418g9mdn6epphpew92992y 840703 840701 2026-05-28T04:34:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 840703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Tengrela''' wani karamin tafki ne kusa da Banfora a [[Burkina Faso]] . An san shi da Hippopotamuses. Mutanen yankin sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan hippopotamuses ba sa kai farmaki ga mutane saboda su ne hippopotamus masu tsarki. Kusan ba a taɓa ganin giwaye a cikin wannan tafkin ba. Yana da tsawon kilomita 2 da faɗin kilomita 1.5.<ref>Mepham, Robert; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). A directory of African wetlands. IUCN. p. 316. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == s8tmu91mixgm48unlkhwv5m1hk1wwqc 0 152392 840704 2026-05-28T04:34:33Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1259017466|May Be'ati River]]" 840704 wikitext text/x-wiki May Be'ati wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa kudu don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Giba da Tekezé . [[Fayil:Upper_May_Be'ati.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi a kan May Be'ati catchment - a cikin gandun daji kogin ana kiransa Gemgema kuma a tsakiyar fili ana kiransa Tsigaba]] [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == May Be'ati wani kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 45 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi duk da haka ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A watan Mayu Be'ati an kuma lura da tasirin irin wannan shiga tsakani. === Bincika ginin madatsar ruwa === [[Fayil:Discharge_meas_in_upper_May_Baati.jpg|thumb|Ma'aunin fitarwa a saman May Be'ati]] An yi nazarin tasirin madatsun ruwa a kan amsar runoff a Addi Qolqwal a saman wannan kogi, kusa da hanya a kan ƙasa da aka samo daga [[Amba Aradam Sandstone]]. Karin tsananin ruwa ta hanyar tantance madatsun ruwa da asarar watsa ruwa a cikin datti da aka ajiye suna da alhakin jinkirin runoff don isa ga ƙananan tashoshin kogi. Rage yawan fitarwa ya fi girma a cikin kogin tare da madatsar ruwa da ciyayi (ƙasa 12%) fiye da wannan ba tare da magani ba (ƙasa 5.5%). Rage yawan runoff ya fi girma a cikin rafin tare da madatsar ruwa (ƙasa da 18%) fiye da a cikin raunin da ba a kula da shi ba (ƙasa 4%). Aiwatar da madatsar ruwa tare da ciyayi ya rage yawan fitarwa da kuma jimlar runoff yayin da manyan sassa na runoff suka shiga cikin sediments da aka ajiye a bayan madatsar. Yayinda ake aiwatar da madatsun ruwa a manyan yankuna na arewacin Habasha, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake caji na ruwa da kuma kara yawan kogin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa |first=and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Bincika madatsun ruwa da madatsun da ke ƙasa === Tsarin da aka fi sani da shi don sarrafa gullies a cikin wannan tafkin shine madatsar ruwa. Koyaya, akwai matsaloli da yawa tare da rushewar madatsar ruwa, koda kuwa an gina su a hanyar da ta dace, ta amfani da duwatsu masu kyau kuma suna da hanyar zubar da ruwa da kuma apron. Ɗaya daga cikin matsala yana cikin yankunan Vertisol, kamar kusa da ƙauyen May Be'ati a cikin saman ruwa: wani lokacin madatsar ruwa tana tsaye ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma ruwa yana haifar da sabon rami a kusa da shi. Dalilan su ne tsagewar da ke faruwa a Vertisols: ruwan da ke tarawa a bayan madatsar ruwan zai fara gudana ta cikin tsagewar; zai kewaye madatsar ruwa kuma ya haifar da [[Subsurface dam|Dams na karkashin kasa]] wanda ya zama fadi da fadi har sai ya rushe. Don sarrafa wannan, an aiwatar da madatsun ruwa masu sauƙi da arha a kusa da shekara ta 2010. An tono rami, mai zurfin mita 2.5 da tsawon mita 25, a bangarorin biyu na madatsar ruwa da kuma takardar filastik mai nauyi (geomembrane) da aka saka a tsaye, bayan haka an cika rami da ƙasa. Yankin filastik yana hana ruwa daga gudana a karkashin kasa ta hanyar tsagewa. Babu wani wucewa da ya faru, kuma an ɗaga teburin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frankl |first=A. and colleagues |date=2016 |title=Integrated solutions for combating gully erosion in areas prone to soil piping : innovations from the drylands of Northern Ethiopia |journal=Land Degradation & Development |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=1797–1804 |doi=10.1002/ldr.2301}}</ref> [[Fayil:Check_dam_upper_may_biati.jpg|thumb|Bincika madatsar ruwa a cikin May Be'ati headwaters - zuwa hagu da dama an sanya geomembrane, wanda ke haifar da karuwar teburin ruwa, saboda haka kore a cikin rami]] === Ruwa a kan shinge === Za'a iya inganta tasirin exclosures ta hanyar kara ƙarin ruwa ga gajeren ruwan sama mai rikitarwa. Sakamakon irin wannan ban ruwa a kan nau'ikan jinsuna daban-daban, stocking da kuma girman zoben bishiyoyi an kimanta su a cikin ɓangarori biyu (Addi Qolqwal da May Be'ati) a cikin kogin May Be'ti. An yi karkatar da runoff daga tashar gully zuwa gandun daji mai sabuntawa tare da ramuka da aka haƙa a wurare daban-daban don inganta rarraba ruwa a kan ɓangarorin. An yi ban [[Kwararar ruwa|Ruwa a saman]] Mayu Be'ati a shekara ta 2005 yayin da aka yi ban ruwa da Addi Qolqwal daga 2012 zuwa gaba amma an saka idanu daga 2014 zuwa 2016. Girman ruwan ban ruwa (daga runoff surface) da aka yi amfani da shi yana da girman girman girman ruwan sama kai tsaye a shafin. Bishiyoyi a cikin ban ruwa suna da nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i daban-daban kuma suna nuna ci gaba mafi kyau. Musamman a lokacin ruwan sama mafi girma lokacin da akwai ruwa mai yawa a Dogu'a Tembien, wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi ba don ban ruwa na amfanin gona, ban ruwa mai yawa zuwa ga ciyayi na katako na iya zama muhimmiyar mafita ga fitar da ruwa mai yawa kuma idan an yi amfani da shi sosai, zai iya rage ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da ke ƙasa. == Manazarta == pmbu5u9evv9fwynzhe96s49sg6kw62g 840706 840704 2026-05-28T04:35:11Z Engineer014 44591 840706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} May Be'ati wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa kudu don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Giba da Tekezé . [[Fayil:Upper_May_Be'ati.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi a kan May Be'ati catchment - a cikin gandun daji kogin ana kiransa Gemgema kuma a tsakiyar fili ana kiransa Tsigaba]] [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == May Be'ati wani kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 45 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi duk da haka ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A watan Mayu Be'ati an kuma lura da tasirin irin wannan shiga tsakani. === Bincika ginin madatsar ruwa === [[Fayil:Discharge_meas_in_upper_May_Baati.jpg|thumb|Ma'aunin fitarwa a saman May Be'ati]] An yi nazarin tasirin madatsun ruwa a kan amsar runoff a Addi Qolqwal a saman wannan kogi, kusa da hanya a kan ƙasa da aka samo daga [[Amba Aradam Sandstone]]. Karin tsananin ruwa ta hanyar tantance madatsun ruwa da asarar watsa ruwa a cikin datti da aka ajiye suna da alhakin jinkirin runoff don isa ga ƙananan tashoshin kogi. Rage yawan fitarwa ya fi girma a cikin kogin tare da madatsar ruwa da ciyayi (ƙasa 12%) fiye da wannan ba tare da magani ba (ƙasa 5.5%). Rage yawan runoff ya fi girma a cikin rafin tare da madatsar ruwa (ƙasa da 18%) fiye da a cikin raunin da ba a kula da shi ba (ƙasa 4%). Aiwatar da madatsar ruwa tare da ciyayi ya rage yawan fitarwa da kuma jimlar runoff yayin da manyan sassa na runoff suka shiga cikin sediments da aka ajiye a bayan madatsar. Yayinda ake aiwatar da madatsun ruwa a manyan yankuna na arewacin Habasha, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake caji na ruwa da kuma kara yawan kogin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa |first=and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Bincika madatsun ruwa da madatsun da ke ƙasa === Tsarin da aka fi sani da shi don sarrafa gullies a cikin wannan tafkin shine madatsar ruwa. Koyaya, akwai matsaloli da yawa tare da rushewar madatsar ruwa, koda kuwa an gina su a hanyar da ta dace, ta amfani da duwatsu masu kyau kuma suna da hanyar zubar da ruwa da kuma apron. Ɗaya daga cikin matsala yana cikin yankunan Vertisol, kamar kusa da ƙauyen May Be'ati a cikin saman ruwa: wani lokacin madatsar ruwa tana tsaye ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma ruwa yana haifar da sabon rami a kusa da shi. Dalilan su ne tsagewar da ke faruwa a Vertisols: ruwan da ke tarawa a bayan madatsar ruwan zai fara gudana ta cikin tsagewar; zai kewaye madatsar ruwa kuma ya haifar da [[Subsurface dam|Dams na karkashin kasa]] wanda ya zama fadi da fadi har sai ya rushe. Don sarrafa wannan, an aiwatar da madatsun ruwa masu sauƙi da arha a kusa da shekara ta 2010. An tono rami, mai zurfin mita 2.5 da tsawon mita 25, a bangarorin biyu na madatsar ruwa da kuma takardar filastik mai nauyi (geomembrane) da aka saka a tsaye, bayan haka an cika rami da ƙasa. Yankin filastik yana hana ruwa daga gudana a karkashin kasa ta hanyar tsagewa. Babu wani wucewa da ya faru, kuma an ɗaga teburin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frankl |first=A. and colleagues |date=2016 |title=Integrated solutions for combating gully erosion in areas prone to soil piping : innovations from the drylands of Northern Ethiopia |journal=Land Degradation & Development |volume=27 |issue=8 |pages=1797–1804 |doi=10.1002/ldr.2301}}</ref> [[Fayil:Check_dam_upper_may_biati.jpg|thumb|Bincika madatsar ruwa a cikin May Be'ati headwaters - zuwa hagu da dama an sanya geomembrane, wanda ke haifar da karuwar teburin ruwa, saboda haka kore a cikin rami]] === Ruwa a kan shinge === Za'a iya inganta tasirin exclosures ta hanyar kara ƙarin ruwa ga gajeren ruwan sama mai rikitarwa. Sakamakon irin wannan ban ruwa a kan nau'ikan jinsuna daban-daban, stocking da kuma girman zoben bishiyoyi an kimanta su a cikin ɓangarori biyu (Addi Qolqwal da May Be'ati) a cikin kogin May Be'ti. An yi karkatar da runoff daga tashar gully zuwa gandun daji mai sabuntawa tare da ramuka da aka haƙa a wurare daban-daban don inganta rarraba ruwa a kan ɓangarorin. An yi ban [[Kwararar ruwa|Ruwa a saman]] Mayu Be'ati a shekara ta 2005 yayin da aka yi ban ruwa da Addi Qolqwal daga 2012 zuwa gaba amma an saka idanu daga 2014 zuwa 2016. Girman ruwan ban ruwa (daga runoff surface) da aka yi amfani da shi yana da girman girman girman ruwan sama kai tsaye a shafin. Bishiyoyi a cikin ban ruwa suna da nau'o'in nau'o-nau'i daban-daban kuma suna nuna ci gaba mafi kyau. Musamman a lokacin ruwan sama mafi girma lokacin da akwai ruwa mai yawa a Dogu'a Tembien, wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi ba don ban ruwa na amfanin gona, ban ruwa mai yawa zuwa ga ciyayi na katako na iya zama muhimmiyar mafita ga fitar da ruwa mai yawa kuma idan an yi amfani da shi sosai, zai iya rage ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da ke ƙasa. == Manazarta == indh53or2n7w5apbriif318sxm83403 0 152393 840705 2026-05-28T04:34:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1281602075|Lake Cohoha]]" 840705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin '''Cyohoha ta Kudu'''''' ko Cyohoha na Kudu kamar yadda aka sani a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ko '''Tafkin Cohoha''' a [[Burundi]] karamin tafki ne a Gabashin Afirka. Ya mamaye iyakar tsakanin [[Burundi]] da [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]. == Sunan == A Rwanda, an san tafkin da Cyohoha ta Kudu don rarrabe shi daga karamin Cyohoha North da ke kusa da shi kilomita 10 a arewacin Rwanda. A [[Burundi]], an san shi da Cohoha. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Cyohoha yana da nisan kilomita goma a yammacin [[Tafkin Rweru]], tafkin na biyu a kan iyakar [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] - [[Burundi]]. Kyakkyawan tafki ne amma mai tsawo sosai tare da rassa da yawa. Yankin da ke tsakanin Rwanda da Burundi ya raba shi, duk da haka, ɓangaren kudancin ya kai gaba ɗaya zuwa Burundi. Tafkin Cyohoha yana da tsawon kilomita 32 (20 , kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 1 (0.62 . Matsakaicin faɗin shine kilomita 2 (1.2 . Tafkin ya rufe kilomita 74 (29 sq , daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 19 (7.3 sq suna cikin Rwanda kuma kilomita 55 (21 sq na Burundi ne. == Ilimin ruwa == Tafkin Cohoha yana ciyar da shi daga Rugamura Marsh, wanda shi ma Kogin Gatunguru, Kogin Runyoni da Kogin Nduruma ke ciyar da shi. Kogin Nduruma yana ciyar da shi daga Matonnyanga zuwa arewacin ''tudun'' Mukerwas, daga Runyuiya zuwa kudancin ''tudun'' Rwimbogo da Gasuga, wanda ke tsakanin ''tuddai'' na Kabirizi da Butihinda.{{Sfn|Kirundo USDMA}} Tafkin Cyohoha ta Kudu kamar yadda dan uwanta Cyohoha North ya zubo cikin Kogin Akanyaru ta hanyar jerin marshlands da ke haɗa waɗannan tabkuna zuwa kogi.<ref name="Akanyaru">{{Cite web |title=Akanyaru River |url=https://www.explorerwandatours.com/attractions/akanyaru-river.html |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Explore Rwanda Tours}}</ref> == Manazarta == nxacrql7ggkaezd3omc0hd3gb834cne 840707 840705 2026-05-28T04:35:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 840707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin '''Cyohoha ta Kudu'''''' ko Cyohoha na Kudu kamar yadda aka sani a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ko '''Tafkin Cohoha''' a [[Burundi]] karamin tafki ne a Gabashin Afirka. Ya mamaye iyakar tsakanin [[Burundi]] da [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]]. == Sunan == A Rwanda, an san tafkin da Cyohoha ta Kudu don rarrabe shi daga karamin Cyohoha North da ke kusa da shi kilomita 10 a arewacin Rwanda. A [[Burundi]], an san shi da Cohoha. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Cyohoha yana da nisan kilomita goma a yammacin [[Tafkin Rweru]], tafkin na biyu a kan iyakar [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] - [[Burundi]]. Kyakkyawan tafki ne amma mai tsawo sosai tare da rassa da yawa. Yankin da ke tsakanin Rwanda da Burundi ya raba shi, duk da haka, ɓangaren kudancin ya kai gaba ɗaya zuwa Burundi. Tafkin Cyohoha yana da tsawon kilomita 32 (20 , kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 1 (0.62 . Matsakaicin faɗin shine kilomita 2 (1.2 . Tafkin ya rufe kilomita 74 (29 sq , daga cikinsu murabba'i kilomita 19 (7.3 sq suna cikin Rwanda kuma kilomita 55 (21 sq na Burundi ne. == Ilimin ruwa == Tafkin Cohoha yana ciyar da shi daga Rugamura Marsh, wanda shi ma Kogin Gatunguru, Kogin Runyoni da Kogin Nduruma ke ciyar da shi. Kogin Nduruma yana ciyar da shi daga Matonnyanga zuwa arewacin ''tudun'' Mukerwas, daga Runyuiya zuwa kudancin ''tudun'' Rwimbogo da Gasuga, wanda ke tsakanin ''tuddai'' na Kabirizi da Butihinda.{{Sfn|Kirundo USDMA}} Tafkin Cyohoha ta Kudu kamar yadda dan uwanta Cyohoha North ya zubo cikin Kogin Akanyaru ta hanyar jerin marshlands da ke haɗa waɗannan tabkuna zuwa kogi.<ref name="Akanyaru">{{Cite web |title=Akanyaru River |url=https://www.explorerwandatours.com/attractions/akanyaru-river.html |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Explore Rwanda Tours}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4hoi0pa0xomo025k3evk4pgkwqi7bk5 0 152394 840708 2026-05-28T04:35:33Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291854926|Imbagedo]]" 840708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imbagedo''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 20 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 328 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 1 776 278 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar Matattu]] : 360 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 36 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 24. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 80 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman murabba'in kilomita 12.4. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da matsalar [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.698 |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816208000428 |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Mabazarta == r27dlkae1vwh57ga3yam7h2vi305n0o 840710 840708 2026-05-28T04:36:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Imbagedo''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 20 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 328 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 1 776 278 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar Matattu]] : 360 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 36 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 24. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 80 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman murabba'in kilomita 12.4. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da matsalar [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.698 |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816208000428 |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Mabazarta == dfs5w6lcrn8sqih37mm424wf5gy9q1k 0 152395 840709 2026-05-28T04:35:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255164166|Lake Gacamirindi]]" 840709 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Tafkin Gacamirinda'''''' (Faransanci: Lac Gacamir indi, 2°27′00′′S 30°00′00′′E / 2.45000°S 30.00000°E / -2.45000; 30.00000 (Lake Gacamirinde)), ko Tafkin G ayanirinda, tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Gacamirindi yana cikin Garin Bugabira, lardin Kirundo. {{Sfn|Way: Lac Gacamirinda}} Tafkin ya rufe yanki na hekta 250 (acre 620), kuma an saita shi tsakanin ''tuddai'' masu tsawo sosai.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} An kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu yawa na Kiri da Nyakarama.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A baya tafkin ya haɗu da wani yanki mai santsi kusa da Kogin Akanyaru.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} Yanzu ana noma ayaba da sorghum a sama da ƙasa na tafkin.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi yawanci ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwan kogin Akanyaru, amma tun daga shekara ta 2011 an raba shi da wannan kogi ta hanyar gonar kuma ya zama karamin tafki na 'yan hekta.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} ''Typha domingensis'' ya samar da wani karamin bel a kusa da wannan tafkin, yana raba amfanin gona da ruwa.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi ya bushe a shekara ta 2004, lokacin ruwan sama na yau da kullun.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Nagitamo yanzu suna ba da ruwa ga Tafkin Gacamirindi ta hanyar tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna ta hanyar Rugege marsh.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Akwai haɗarin cewa wannan tashar za ta rage matakin ruwa na Nyavyamo Marsh da Tafkin Rwihinda, musamman a lokacin fari, lokacin da ruwa ba ya gudana daga Kogin Akanyaru zuwa Tafkin Ruihinda.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} == Karewa == A shekara ta 2001 an yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar yanki mai kariya tsakanin tafkin da ƙasar noma, amma ba a girmama shi ba.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi yanzu yana cikin yammacin yankin Paysage aquatique protégé du Nord (Tsarin Tsaro na Arewa), wanda aka kirkira a cikin 2011.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} An kare shi a matsayin "Yankin Haɗin Kai", inda za a kawar da kasancewar mutum. Za a kafa wani yanki, ko belin ƙasa aƙalla mita 50 (160 a fadin, a kusa da tafkin.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} == Manazarta == edj5foeq9cr9rnbktwhuk2eiqiyv943 840711 840709 2026-05-28T04:36:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 840711 wikitext text/x-wiki ' {{Databox}} '''''Tafkin Gacamirinda'''''' (Faransanci: Lac Gacamir indi, 2°27′00′′S 30°00′00′′E / 2.45000°S 30.00000°E / -2.45000; 30.00000 (Lake Gacamirinde)), ko Tafkin G ayanirinda, tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Gacamirindi yana cikin Garin Bugabira, lardin Kirundo. {{Sfn|Way: Lac Gacamirinda}} Tafkin ya rufe yanki na hekta 250 (acre 620), kuma an saita shi tsakanin ''tuddai'' masu tsawo sosai.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} An kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu yawa na Kiri da Nyakarama.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A baya tafkin ya haɗu da wani yanki mai santsi kusa da Kogin Akanyaru.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} Yanzu ana noma ayaba da sorghum a sama da ƙasa na tafkin.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi yawanci ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwan kogin Akanyaru, amma tun daga shekara ta 2011 an raba shi da wannan kogi ta hanyar gonar kuma ya zama karamin tafki na 'yan hekta.{{Sfn|Décret n°100-114}} ''Typha domingensis'' ya samar da wani karamin bel a kusa da wannan tafkin, yana raba amfanin gona da ruwa.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi ya bushe a shekara ta 2004, lokacin ruwan sama na yau da kullun.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Nagitamo yanzu suna ba da ruwa ga Tafkin Gacamirindi ta hanyar tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna ta hanyar Rugege marsh.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Akwai haɗarin cewa wannan tashar za ta rage matakin ruwa na Nyavyamo Marsh da Tafkin Rwihinda, musamman a lokacin fari, lokacin da ruwa ba ya gudana daga Kogin Akanyaru zuwa Tafkin Ruihinda.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} == Karewa == A shekara ta 2001 an yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar yanki mai kariya tsakanin tafkin da ƙasar noma, amma ba a girmama shi ba.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi yanzu yana cikin yammacin yankin Paysage aquatique protégé du Nord (Tsarin Tsaro na Arewa), wanda aka kirkira a cikin 2011.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} An kare shi a matsayin "Yankin Haɗin Kai", inda za a kawar da kasancewar mutum. Za a kafa wani yanki, ko belin ƙasa aƙalla mita 50 (160 a fadin, a kusa da tafkin.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} == Manazarta == mwol81m0q3t6bs6edj2rwhf6ercbxc4 0 152396 840712 2026-05-28T04:36:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341720101|Lake Kanzigiri]]" 840712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Kanzigiri''' (Faransanci: Lac Kanzigiri, 2°27′57′′S 30°21′40′′E / 2.4659°S 30.3611°E / -2.4659; 30.3611) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Kanzigiri yana kan iyaka tsakanin Garin Bwambarangwe zuwa gabas da Garin Busoni zuwa yamma.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Kanzigiri}} Yana kwance a kudancin [[Tafkin Rweru]], wanda wani yanki na marshland ya haɗa shi.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Ginin Kabanga yana yammacin kudancinsa, kuma ginin [[Bunwera]] yana gabashin wannan batu. Mukenke yana kudu.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Kanzigiri}} Tafkin ya rufe hekta 750 (1,900 acres). {{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} A kusa da Tafkin Kanzigiri akwai gandun daji da ke cike da tsire-tsire kamar su ''Pericopsis angolensis'', ''Parinari curatellifolia'' da Hymenocardia acida, wanda ke nuna tasirin Zambezian. Wadannan savannah na gabas galibi ana samun su ne a cikin Ruvubu National Park, wanda ke nuna cewa Tafkin Kanzigiri da marshes da ke da alaƙa da shi yanki ne na rabuwa tsakanin [[Bugesera District (ecology)|Gundumar Bugesera]] da [[Mosso-Malagarazi District|Gundumar Mosso-Malagarazi]].{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} == Haraji da tashar == Yankin kudancin tafkin wani tafki ne wanda Kogin Kanzigiri da Kogin Gacucu ke ciyarwa, ƙananan ɓangaren Kogin Kabuyenge.{{Sfn|Rugari USDMA}} Har ila yau, iyakar arewa ita ce marsh, kuma tafkin Kanzigiri da Kogin Nyamabuno ne ke ciyar da ita, kuma tana shiga cikin [[Tafkin Rweru]].{{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}} Koyaya, hanyar gudana tsakanin Tafkin Rweru da Tafkin Kanzigiri ya dogara da lokacin shekara. A farkon lokacin ruwan sama, Tafkin Rweru yana gudana zuwa [[Kogin Kagera]]. A watan Maris-Afrilu, matakin kogin Kagera ya fi na Tafkin Rweru, kuma an juya kwararar, tare da kogin yana gudana cikin Tafkin R waje da marshes da ke kewaye da shi, gami da wanda ke kaiwa ga Tafkin Kanzigiri. Lokacin da ambaliyar ta koma baya, tsakanin Yuni da Agusta, Tafkin Rweru yana gudana zuwa [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] a kan tafkin, kuma daga baya ta hanyar tashar guda ɗaya.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Tsarin halittu == Dajin Kabuyenge da [[Kabanga Marsh|Dajin Kabanga]] suna kula da daidaiton ruwa na tafkin Kanzigiri. Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta ƙirƙiro yankunan da ke kewaye da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dajin. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Idan dajin papyrus da ke tsakanin tafkin Kanzigiri da tafkin Rweru ya lalace, tafkin Kanzigiri zai bushe a lokacin ƙarancin kwarara. Tsarin dajin yana fuskantar barazana ta hanyar faɗaɗa noma a cikin dajin da ba a sarrafa ba, da kuma fari na baya-bayan nan. {{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} Kamun kifi mai yawa da kuma shigar da tsire-tsire masu mamaye suma suna barazana ga yanayin tafkin. {{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Karewa == Tafkin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006. {{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} An kare shi a matsayin "Managed Natural Reserve" a karkashin shirin gudanarwa don shimfidar wurare na ruwa na Bugesera da aka bayyana a cikin 2011.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} Yanzu yana daga cikin Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewa.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} == Manazarta == i3lzhvcuki7vvcagvv8f8k2eo931ghj 840714 840712 2026-05-28T04:37:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 840714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Kanzigiri''' (Faransanci: Lac Kanzigiri, 2°27′57′′S 30°21′40′′E / 2.4659°S 30.3611°E / -2.4659; 30.3611) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Kanzigiri yana kan iyaka tsakanin Garin Bwambarangwe zuwa gabas da Garin Busoni zuwa yamma.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Kanzigiri}} Yana kwance a kudancin [[Tafkin Rweru]], wanda wani yanki na marshland ya haɗa shi.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Ginin Kabanga yana yammacin kudancinsa, kuma ginin [[Bunwera]] yana gabashin wannan batu. Mukenke yana kudu.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Kanzigiri}} Tafkin ya rufe hekta 750 (1,900 acres). {{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} A kusa da Tafkin Kanzigiri akwai gandun daji da ke cike da tsire-tsire kamar su ''Pericopsis angolensis'', ''Parinari curatellifolia'' da Hymenocardia acida, wanda ke nuna tasirin Zambezian. Wadannan savannah na gabas galibi ana samun su ne a cikin Ruvubu National Park, wanda ke nuna cewa Tafkin Kanzigiri da marshes da ke da alaƙa da shi yanki ne na rabuwa tsakanin [[Bugesera District (ecology)|Gundumar Bugesera]] da [[Mosso-Malagarazi District|Gundumar Mosso-Malagarazi]].{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} == Haraji da tashar == Yankin kudancin tafkin wani tafki ne wanda Kogin Kanzigiri da Kogin Gacucu ke ciyarwa, ƙananan ɓangaren Kogin Kabuyenge.{{Sfn|Rugari USDMA}} Har ila yau, iyakar arewa ita ce marsh, kuma tafkin Kanzigiri da Kogin Nyamabuno ne ke ciyar da ita, kuma tana shiga cikin [[Tafkin Rweru]].{{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}} Koyaya, hanyar gudana tsakanin Tafkin Rweru da Tafkin Kanzigiri ya dogara da lokacin shekara. A farkon lokacin ruwan sama, Tafkin Rweru yana gudana zuwa [[Kogin Kagera]]. A watan Maris-Afrilu, matakin kogin Kagera ya fi na Tafkin Rweru, kuma an juya kwararar, tare da kogin yana gudana cikin Tafkin R waje da marshes da ke kewaye da shi, gami da wanda ke kaiwa ga Tafkin Kanzigiri. Lokacin da ambaliyar ta koma baya, tsakanin Yuni da Agusta, Tafkin Rweru yana gudana zuwa [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] a kan tafkin, kuma daga baya ta hanyar tashar guda ɗaya.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Tsarin halittu == Dajin Kabuyenge da [[Kabanga Marsh|Dajin Kabanga]] suna kula da daidaiton ruwa na tafkin Kanzigiri. Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta ƙirƙiro yankunan da ke kewaye da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan dajin. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Idan dajin papyrus da ke tsakanin tafkin Kanzigiri da tafkin Rweru ya lalace, tafkin Kanzigiri zai bushe a lokacin ƙarancin kwarara. Tsarin dajin yana fuskantar barazana ta hanyar faɗaɗa noma a cikin dajin da ba a sarrafa ba, da kuma fari na baya-bayan nan. {{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} Kamun kifi mai yawa da kuma shigar da tsire-tsire masu mamaye suma suna barazana ga yanayin tafkin. {{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Karewa == Tafkin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006. {{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} An kare shi a matsayin "Managed Natural Reserve" a karkashin shirin gudanarwa don shimfidar wurare na ruwa na Bugesera da aka bayyana a cikin 2011.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} Yanzu yana daga cikin Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewa.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} == Manazarta == mtpoiquenawhkf5thzqu5njwafitovo 0 152397 840713 2026-05-28T04:37:08Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1271222892|May Ayni]]" 840713 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mayu Ayni''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Giba da Tekezé . [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 51 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi, duk da haka, an rage shi saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A kan gangaren da ke da tsawo, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Mekelle Dolerite * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 12r7zl3ugsq51dxo61fx8gbsito1mqn 840716 840713 2026-05-28T04:37:46Z Engineer014 44591 840716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mayu Ayni''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Giba da Tekezé . [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 51 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi, duk da haka, an rage shi saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A kan gangaren da ke da tsawo, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Mekelle Dolerite * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 367wvjlwfoihf2l7kq5323xsn4r8my7 0 152398 840715 2026-05-28T04:37:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187176101|Inda Zib'i]]" 840715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inda Zib'i''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1999. == Yanayin Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 12.34 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 227 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 2 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 182 593 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 20,000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 4.05 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 25. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 13 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 0 ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 1.49&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 4.77&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 1320. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> 9lsie6z1mwx7q6uyqz54n1d8d8ju30q 840717 840715 2026-05-28T04:38:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Inda Zib'i''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1999. == Yanayin Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 12.34 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 227 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 2 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 182 593 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 20,000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 4.05 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 25. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 13 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 0 ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 1.49&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 4.77&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawonsa ya kai mita 1320. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> ==mqnqzart== bh8kmfbva8zgvyawjd6lkzcwl6y6n67 0 152399 840718 2026-05-28T04:38:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276655196|Lake Mwungere]]" 840718 wikitext text/x-wiki Tafkin Mwungere (2°34′43′′S 29°56′48′′E / 2.57861°S 29.94667°E / -2.57861; 29.94667) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Mwungere yana cikin Commune na Ntega a lardin Kirundo kusa da ƙauyukan Mariza da Mugina . An haɗa shi da wuraren da ke da ruwa zuwa Kogin Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Way: Lac Mwungere}} [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen]] ita ce Aw: savanna na wurare masu zafi, rigar.{{Sfn|Way: Lac Mwungere}} == Karewa == Tafkin Mwungere yana cikin Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area, wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006, wanda a ka'idar yana kiyaye fiye da hekta 30,000 (74,000 acres) na tabkuna da wuraren da ke da Ruwa tare da burin hadin gwiwar gudanar da al'umma, samar da noma, da kiyaye tafkin.{{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} Tafkin yana daga cikin Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewa, kilomita 162.42 (62.71 sq na tabkuna 8 na dindindin ciki har da tabkuna [[Tafkin Rweru|Rweru]], Cohoha, Rwihinda, Kanzigiri, Gacamirindi, Nagitamo, Narungazi Mwzi da kuma marshes, waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na Kogin Nilu.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Wadannan tabkuna sun mamaye ƙananan nau'in Tilapia da Oreochromis. Sun kasance wurin mamayewar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya rage samarwa sosai da rage yawan kifi, da kuma cike da ciyayi. Burundi ta yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don cire nau'in da suka mamaye.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Shirin Gudanar da Yankin Ruwa na Kagera yana da niyyar inganta gudanar da tabkuna, marshlands da ciyayi a yankin Murehe Forest. Tafkin Mwungere an dauke shi Yankin Cikakken a ƙarƙashin wannan shirin, wanda ya haɗa da tabkuna Gacamirina da Nagitamo, da kuma marshlands a cikin kwarin sakandare na Kogin Akanyaru. Ya kamata a cire tasirin ɗan adam daga yankin ta hanyar belin mita 50 (160 don kare nau'in halitta.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2021 [[Albert Hatungimana]], Gwamnan Kirundo, ya yaba da nasarorin Inades-Formation Burundi wajen kirkirar yankuna masu bugawa ga tabkuna na Nagitamo, Mwungere da Gacamirinda. Belin kariya ya haɗa da itatuwa, ramin rigakafin rushewa tare da ciyawa a sama da su, da kuma tashar da ke raba yankin buffer daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu. Samar da kifi da ingancin ruwa sun inganta a cikin tabkuna masu kariya a sakamakon haka.{{Sfn|Towards ownership ... Inades}} == Manazarta == cq351t38hrvcnpcqb8ceq23et6o03na 840719 840718 2026-05-28T04:38:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tafkin Mwungere (2°34′43′′S 29°56′48′′E / 2.57861°S 29.94667°E / -2.57861; 29.94667) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Mwungere yana cikin Commune na Ntega a lardin Kirundo kusa da ƙauyukan Mariza da Mugina . An haɗa shi da wuraren da ke da ruwa zuwa Kogin Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Way: Lac Mwungere}} [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen]] ita ce Aw: savanna na wurare masu zafi, rigar.{{Sfn|Way: Lac Mwungere}} == Karewa == Tafkin Mwungere yana cikin Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area, wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006, wanda a ka'idar yana kiyaye fiye da hekta 30,000 (74,000 acres) na tabkuna da wuraren da ke da Ruwa tare da burin hadin gwiwar gudanar da al'umma, samar da noma, da kiyaye tafkin.{{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} Tafkin yana daga cikin Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewa, kilomita 162.42 (62.71 sq na tabkuna 8 na dindindin ciki har da tabkuna [[Tafkin Rweru|Rweru]], Cohoha, Rwihinda, Kanzigiri, Gacamirindi, Nagitamo, Narungazi Mwzi da kuma marshes, waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na Kogin Nilu.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Wadannan tabkuna sun mamaye ƙananan nau'in Tilapia da Oreochromis. Sun kasance wurin mamayewar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya rage samarwa sosai da rage yawan kifi, da kuma cike da ciyayi. Burundi ta yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don cire nau'in da suka mamaye.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Shirin Gudanar da Yankin Ruwa na Kagera yana da niyyar inganta gudanar da tabkuna, marshlands da ciyayi a yankin Murehe Forest. Tafkin Mwungere an dauke shi Yankin Cikakken a ƙarƙashin wannan shirin, wanda ya haɗa da tabkuna Gacamirina da Nagitamo, da kuma marshlands a cikin kwarin sakandare na Kogin Akanyaru. Ya kamata a cire tasirin ɗan adam daga yankin ta hanyar belin mita 50 (160 don kare nau'in halitta.{{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2021 [[Albert Hatungimana]], Gwamnan Kirundo, ya yaba da nasarorin Inades-Formation Burundi wajen kirkirar yankuna masu bugawa ga tabkuna na Nagitamo, Mwungere da Gacamirinda. Belin kariya ya haɗa da itatuwa, ramin rigakafin rushewa tare da ciyawa a sama da su, da kuma tashar da ke raba yankin buffer daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu. Samar da kifi da ingancin ruwa sun inganta a cikin tabkuna masu kariya a sakamakon haka.{{Sfn|Towards ownership ... Inades}} == Manazarta == 97qjovpl8noqdcfcgk74aw7rurdwa40 0 152400 840720 2026-05-28T04:38:59Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304007664|Koka Reservoir]]" 840720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Koka''' ( Amharic ; Oromo ) wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne a kudu maso tsakiyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan Koka a fadin [[kogin Awash]] . Ma'ajiyar ruwan tana da fadin {{Convert|180|km2}} . == Yanayin ƙasa == Wurin da ke yankin Misraq Shewa na yankin Oromia, kusa da babban birnin Habasha kuma mafi girma, [[Addis Ababa]], Madatsar ruwan Koka tana da farin jini ga masu yawon bude ido da mazauna birane. Akwai nau'ikan namun daji da tsuntsaye iri-iri a kusa da tafkin. Madatsar ruwan tana tallafawa masana'antar kamun kifi ; a cewar Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi da Kifi ta Habasha, ana samun {{Convert|625|t}} na kifi kowace shekara, wanda ma'aikatar ta kiyasta ko dai kashi 52% ko 89% na adadin da zai dawwama. Madatsar ruwan da madatsar ruwan suna fuskantar barazana sakamakon karuwar laka da ke haifar da [[Rashin lalacewar muhalli|lalacewar muhalli]] da kuma hyacinth na ruwa mai mamayewa. == Gine-gine == Madatsar ruwan Koka siminti ce mai tsawon {{Convert|458|m}} kuma matsakaicin tsayin {{Convert|47|m}} . Kan da aka yi amfani da shi yana da {{Convert|32|to|42|m}} . Babban ɗan kwangilar shine [[Imprese Italiane all'Estero]] . Ɗan kwangilar da ya samar da kayan aikin shine [[Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero]], kuma ɗan kwangilar da ya gina kayan aikin da kuma gina layukan watsawa shine [[Società Anonima Elettrificazione]] . An fara ginin a watan Disamba na 1957 kuma an kammala shi a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1960; kasafin kuɗin shine [[Birr Habasha|Eth$]] 30,641,000. Cibiyar wutar lantarki, mai layukan watsawa 132 kV, ta fara aiki gaba ɗaya a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1960. Addis Ababa ita ce babbar mai ba da taimako. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2012)">ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake da shi shine GWh 110/shekara. Mekonnen Weldayohanes ne ya tsara kuma ya aiwatar da shirin injiniyan. jdhfgeh3l5vteqrluh1fwb2q6cxlf5g 840723 840720 2026-05-28T04:39:36Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Koka''' ( Amharic ; Oromo ) wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne a kudu maso tsakiyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan Koka a fadin [[kogin Awash]] . Ma'ajiyar ruwan tana da fadin {{Convert|180|km2}} . == Yanayin ƙasa == Wurin da ke yankin Misraq Shewa na yankin Oromia, kusa da babban birnin Habasha kuma mafi girma, [[Addis Ababa]], Madatsar ruwan Koka tana da farin jini ga masu yawon bude ido da mazauna birane. Akwai nau'ikan namun daji da tsuntsaye iri-iri a kusa da tafkin. Madatsar ruwan tana tallafawa masana'antar kamun kifi ; a cewar Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi da Kifi ta Habasha, ana samun {{Convert|625|t}} na kifi kowace shekara, wanda ma'aikatar ta kiyasta ko dai kashi 52% ko 89% na adadin da zai dawwama. Madatsar ruwan da madatsar ruwan suna fuskantar barazana sakamakon karuwar laka da ke haifar da [[Rashin lalacewar muhalli|lalacewar muhalli]] da kuma hyacinth na ruwa mai mamayewa. == Gine-gine == Madatsar ruwan Koka siminti ce mai tsawon {{Convert|458|m}} kuma matsakaicin tsayin {{Convert|47|m}} . Kan da aka yi amfani da shi yana da {{Convert|32|to|42|m}} . Babban ɗan kwangilar shine [[Imprese Italiane all'Estero]] . Ɗan kwangilar da ya samar da kayan aikin shine [[Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero]], kuma ɗan kwangilar da ya gina kayan aikin da kuma gina layukan watsawa shine [[Società Anonima Elettrificazione]] . An fara ginin a watan Disamba na 1957 kuma an kammala shi a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1960; kasafin kuɗin shine [[Birr Habasha|Eth$]] 30,641,000. Cibiyar wutar lantarki, mai layukan watsawa 132 kV, ta fara aiki gaba ɗaya a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1960. Addis Ababa ita ce babbar mai ba da taimako. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2012)">ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake da shi shine GWh 110/shekara. Mekonnen Weldayohanes ne ya tsara kuma ya aiwatar da shirin injiniyan. ==manazarta== mtbzl9rruk1iev0khp80zhwuehr119u 0 152401 840721 2026-05-28T04:39:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352985173|Lake Narungazi]]" 840721 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Tafkin Narugazi'''''' (Faransanci: Lac Narungazi), ko , '''Tafkin Narunganzi''', tafki ne a cikin Commune na Ntega a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Narungazi yana cikin Commune na Ntega, Lardin Kirundo, a gabashin Mugendo . Yana yammacin Tafkin Rwihinda da kudancin Tafkin Nagitamo . {{Sfn|Way: Lac Narungazi}} Ya mamaye yanki na hekta 61 (150 acres) a cikin kwarin a tsawo na Muga 1,380 (4,530 iyaka da ''tuddai'' Nyange-Kiriringanire da Kanyarwe-Mwunguko, wanda ya kai tsawo na 1,452 mita (4,764 .{{Sfn|Decret N°100-114}} == Muhalli == Tafkin Narungazi yana cikin Nyavyamo ''cyperus papyrus'' maras kyau wanda ya kai gabas daga Kogin Akanyaru kuma ya haɗa da Tafkin Nagitamo da Tafkin Rwihinda . {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A saman tafkin Narungazi, ana amfani da tafkin Nyavyamo don noman [[sorghum]].{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Yankin kudancin Tafkin Narungazi, tsakanin ''tuddai'' na Kanyago a gabas da Mugendo a yamma, ya ratsa ta cikin Narungazi marsh, wanda ake amfani da shi don noman shinkafa har zuwa gefen ruwa, ban da wasu raguwa na ''Typha domingensis'' da wasu tufts na ''Phragmites''.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi ya bushe a shekara ta 2004, lokacin ruwan sama na yau da kullun.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Nagitamo yanzu suna ba da ruwa ga Tafkin Gacamirindi ta hanyar tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna ta hanyar Rugege marsh.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Akwai haɗarin cewa wannan tashar za ta rage matakin ruwa na Tafkin Rwihinda, musamman a lokacin fari, lokacin da ruwa ba ya gudana daga Kogin Akanyaru zuwa Tafkin Ruihinda.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} == Karewa == Tafkin Narungazi yana daga cikin Kariya ta Yanayin Ruwa na Arewa (Faransa: Paysage Aquatique Protégé du Nord), wani kilomita 162.42 (62.71 sq mai rikitarwa na tabkuna 8 na dindindin ciki har da tabkuna [[Tafkin Rweru|Rweru]], Cohoha, Rwihinda, Kanzigiri, Gacamirindi, Nagitamo, Narungazi da Mwungere da kuma marshes, waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na Kogin Nilu.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Wadannan tabkuna sun mamaye ƙananan nau'in Tilapia da Oreochromis. Sun kasance wurin mamayewar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya rage samarwa sosai da rage yawan kifi, da kuma cike da ciyayi. Burundi ta yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don cire nau'in da suka mamaye.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2013 an ruwaito cewa wani dan kasuwa ya gabatar da sababbin nau'ikan kifi zuwa tafkin. Mutanen yankin sun yi tunanin cewa ya kara sunadarai masu cutarwa ga ruwa don kare kifin, kuma ba a sake ba su damar amfani da ruwa ba. Wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Muhalli ya ce an ba da izinin da ya dace. Dan kasuwa ya musanta ƙara wani abu banda tan na tilapia daga [[Tafkin Rweru]] zuwa ruwa. Ya yi kama da daga rahoton cewa akwai wasu ƙuntatawa kan kamun kifi a shekara ta farko.{{Sfn|Maishatse|2013}} == Manazarta == sqyiavwo89cz71lsgxrqi68p484regp 840722 840721 2026-05-28T04:39:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 840722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Tafkin Narugazi'''''' (Faransanci: Lac Narungazi), ko , '''Tafkin Narunganzi''', tafki ne a cikin Commune na Ntega a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]]. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Narungazi yana cikin Commune na Ntega, Lardin Kirundo, a gabashin Mugendo . Yana yammacin Tafkin Rwihinda da kudancin Tafkin Nagitamo . {{Sfn|Way: Lac Narungazi}} Ya mamaye yanki na hekta 61 (150 acres) a cikin kwarin a tsawo na Muga 1,380 (4,530 iyaka da ''tuddai'' Nyange-Kiriringanire da Kanyarwe-Mwunguko, wanda ya kai tsawo na 1,452 mita (4,764 .{{Sfn|Decret N°100-114}} == Muhalli == Tafkin Narungazi yana cikin Nyavyamo ''cyperus papyrus'' maras kyau wanda ya kai gabas daga Kogin Akanyaru kuma ya haɗa da Tafkin Nagitamo da Tafkin Rwihinda . {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A saman tafkin Narungazi, ana amfani da tafkin Nyavyamo don noman [[sorghum]].{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Yankin kudancin Tafkin Narungazi, tsakanin ''tuddai'' na Kanyago a gabas da Mugendo a yamma, ya ratsa ta cikin Narungazi marsh, wanda ake amfani da shi don noman shinkafa har zuwa gefen ruwa, ban da wasu raguwa na ''Typha domingensis'' da wasu tufts na ''Phragmites''.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Gacamirindi ya bushe a shekara ta 2004, lokacin ruwan sama na yau da kullun.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Nagitamo yanzu suna ba da ruwa ga Tafkin Gacamirindi ta hanyar tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna ta hanyar Rugege marsh.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Akwai haɗarin cewa wannan tashar za ta rage matakin ruwa na Tafkin Rwihinda, musamman a lokacin fari, lokacin da ruwa ba ya gudana daga Kogin Akanyaru zuwa Tafkin Ruihinda.{{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} == Karewa == Tafkin Narungazi yana daga cikin Kariya ta Yanayin Ruwa na Arewa (Faransa: Paysage Aquatique Protégé du Nord), wani kilomita 162.42 (62.71 sq mai rikitarwa na tabkuna 8 na dindindin ciki har da tabkuna [[Tafkin Rweru|Rweru]], Cohoha, Rwihinda, Kanzigiri, Gacamirindi, Nagitamo, Narungazi da Mwungere da kuma marshes, waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na Kogin Nilu.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Wadannan tabkuna sun mamaye ƙananan nau'in Tilapia da Oreochromis. Sun kasance wurin mamayewar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya rage samarwa sosai da rage yawan kifi, da kuma cike da ciyayi. Burundi ta yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don cire nau'in da suka mamaye.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2013 an ruwaito cewa wani dan kasuwa ya gabatar da sababbin nau'ikan kifi zuwa tafkin. Mutanen yankin sun yi tunanin cewa ya kara sunadarai masu cutarwa ga ruwa don kare kifin, kuma ba a sake ba su damar amfani da ruwa ba. Wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Muhalli ya ce an ba da izinin da ya dace. Dan kasuwa ya musanta ƙara wani abu banda tan na tilapia daga [[Tafkin Rweru]] zuwa ruwa. Ya yi kama da daga rahoton cewa akwai wasu ƙuntatawa kan kamun kifi a shekara ta farko.{{Sfn|Maishatse|2013}} == Manazarta == sqhs8igvxvsai7ppnqrf9wn7trezh3m 0 152402 840724 2026-05-28T04:39:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276655207|Lake Rwihinda]]" 840724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Rwihinda''' (Faransanci: Lac Rwihinda, 2°32′22′′S 30°03′15′′E / 2.53944°S 30.05417°E / -2.53944; 30.05427 (Lake Rwihinda)), wanda aka fi sani da Lac aux Oiseaux (Bird Lake) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]] . Gida ce ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura daban-daban, waɗanda sune babban abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido a yankin. Koyaya, duk da kariya, yana cikin barazanar mamaye aikin gona a wannan yankin matalauta. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Rwihinda yana cikin Commune na Kirundo, a arewacin babban birnin Garin Kirundo.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Rwihinda}} Ya mamaye hekta 425 (1,050 acres) kuma yana da mita 1,420 (4,660 sama da matakin teku.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} [[Mutawenzi]] da sansanin soja na Mutawenzi suna kudu da tafkin. Filin jirgin saman Kirundo da ƙauyen Rutare suna arewa maso gabas. Yankin marshy yana kaiwa arewa maso yamma zuwa Kogin Akanyaru . Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Gitamo suma suna shiga cikin wannan layi mai santsi.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Rwihinda}} Idan an zubar da ruwan cyperus papyrus a cikin kwarin Nyavyamo a cikin tafkin, tafkin zai kwarara cikin Kogin Akanyaru.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Muhalli == Tafkin Rwihinda yana da mahimmanci ga bambancin halittu na ruwa, da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Tsuntsaye na Tafkin Rwihinda sune babban abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido na ''Yanayin ruwa na arewa'', tare da masu yawon bude jiki 200 zuwa 300 da ke ziyartar kowace shekara don kallon tsuntsaye.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Tafkin yana jan hankalin nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Wannan na iya fuskantar barazanar tasirin [[Canjin yanayi]] da mamaye noma.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 60 sun ziyarci tafkin, gami da nau'o'in ban mamaki kamar [[Chaga|Reed cormorant]] ''Phalacrocorax africanus'', Gambian Spur-winged goose ''Plectropterus gambensis'', Great white pelican ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' da Little egret ''Egretta garzetta'' . {{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Tafkin Rwihinda shine kawai tafkin arewacin da aka kare shi na ɗan lokaci, tare da burin kiyaye tsuntsaye iri-iri.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} An buga shirin gudanarwa na tafkin a shekara ta 2005. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|2005b}} Tafkin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006. {{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} An kare shi a matsayin "Managed Natural Reserve" a karkashin shirin gudanarwa don shimfidar wurare na ruwa na Bugesera da aka bayyana a cikin 2011. {{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} Yanzu yana daga cikin Kariya ta Yanayin Ruwa na Arewa.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Rwihinda, lac aux oiseaux yana cikin jerin sunayen don la'akari da shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] . {{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Yawan tsuntsayen ruwa yana raguwa, amma kokarin kirkirar yanki mai faɗin mita 50 (160 a kusa da tafkin ya inganta wurin zama na biodivesity. Wani kamfen da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba don gabatar da noman dabino mai a yankin Bugesera ya sa manoma su share wani ɓangare na yankin. A karkashin shirin da gwamnati ke tallafawa, wani bangare na Nyavyamo marsh wanda ke haɗa Tafkin Rwihinda zuwa Kogin Akanyaru nan ba da daɗewa ba za a haɓaka shi don noma. Sai dai idan an sarrafa shi da kyau, wannan na iya sa tafkin ya bushe.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Manazarta == 86uqq8njdxsrea3a2e92qpcqmvjg3ns 840727 840724 2026-05-28T04:40:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 840727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Rwihinda''' (Faransanci: Lac Rwihinda, 2°32′22′′S 30°03′15′′E / 2.53944°S 30.05417°E / -2.53944; 30.05427 (Lake Rwihinda)), wanda aka fi sani da Lac aux Oiseaux (Bird Lake) tafki ne a Lardin Kirundo na [[Burundi]] . Gida ce ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura daban-daban, waɗanda sune babban abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido a yankin. Koyaya, duk da kariya, yana cikin barazanar mamaye aikin gona a wannan yankin matalauta. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Rwihinda yana cikin Commune na Kirundo, a arewacin babban birnin Garin Kirundo.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Rwihinda}} Ya mamaye hekta 425 (1,050 acres) kuma yana da mita 1,420 (4,660 sama da matakin teku.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} [[Mutawenzi]] da sansanin soja na Mutawenzi suna kudu da tafkin. Filin jirgin saman Kirundo da ƙauyen Rutare suna arewa maso gabas. Yankin marshy yana kaiwa arewa maso yamma zuwa Kogin Akanyaru . Tafkin Narungazi da Tafkin Gitamo suma suna shiga cikin wannan layi mai santsi.{{Sfn|Relation: Lac Rwihinda}} Idan an zubar da ruwan cyperus papyrus a cikin kwarin Nyavyamo a cikin tafkin, tafkin zai kwarara cikin Kogin Akanyaru.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Muhalli == Tafkin Rwihinda yana da mahimmanci ga bambancin halittu na ruwa, da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Tsuntsaye na Tafkin Rwihinda sune babban abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido na ''Yanayin ruwa na arewa'', tare da masu yawon bude jiki 200 zuwa 300 da ke ziyartar kowace shekara don kallon tsuntsaye.{{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Tafkin yana jan hankalin nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Wannan na iya fuskantar barazanar tasirin [[Canjin yanayi]] da mamaye noma.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 60 sun ziyarci tafkin, gami da nau'o'in ban mamaki kamar [[Chaga|Reed cormorant]] ''Phalacrocorax africanus'', Gambian Spur-winged goose ''Plectropterus gambensis'', Great white pelican ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' da Little egret ''Egretta garzetta'' . {{Sfn|Fiche descriptive ... Ramsar}} Tafkin Rwihinda shine kawai tafkin arewacin da aka kare shi na ɗan lokaci, tare da burin kiyaye tsuntsaye iri-iri.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} An buga shirin gudanarwa na tafkin a shekara ta 2005. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|2005b}} Tafkin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Lacs du Nord Aquatic Landscape Protected Area wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2006. {{Sfn|BurundiEnvironmentalThreats}} An kare shi a matsayin "Managed Natural Reserve" a karkashin shirin gudanarwa don shimfidar wurare na ruwa na Bugesera da aka bayyana a cikin 2011. {{Sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} Yanzu yana daga cikin Kariya ta Yanayin Ruwa na Arewa.{{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Rwihinda, lac aux oiseaux yana cikin jerin sunayen don la'akari da shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] . {{Sfn|USAID/Burundi 2022}} Yawan tsuntsayen ruwa yana raguwa, amma kokarin kirkirar yanki mai faɗin mita 50 (160 a kusa da tafkin ya inganta wurin zama na biodivesity. Wani kamfen da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba don gabatar da noman dabino mai a yankin Bugesera ya sa manoma su share wani ɓangare na yankin. A karkashin shirin da gwamnati ke tallafawa, wani bangare na Nyavyamo marsh wanda ke haɗa Tafkin Rwihinda zuwa Kogin Akanyaru nan ba da daɗewa ba za a haɓaka shi don noma. Sai dai idan an sarrafa shi da kyau, wannan na iya sa tafkin ya bushe.{{Sfn|Plan régional ... INECN}} == Manazarta == m4rb6ob527udyl6qmh2nqai43aq7d18 0 152403 840725 2026-05-28T04:39:55Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1265067712|Korowya]]" 840725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Korowya''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa yamma don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Weri'i da Tekezé. [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == [[Menander|yawo]] da rafi mai laushi a cikin wani fili mai laushi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 31 a kowace kilomita. [[Fayil:View_from_Tsili_to_Addeha.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi daga saman Tsili zuwa Korowya]] Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi bai ragu ba saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse bunds <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |url-status=live |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428173920/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |access-date=9 September 2020 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma dam dam na dubawa kaɗan ne kuma bai isa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |bibcode=2015ZGm....59..477T |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |bibcode=2017JHyd..545..299G |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430231919/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |access-date=9 September 2020 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A kan gangaren da yawa, akwai sauran gandun daji; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna taimakawa wajen inganta shiga, amma ba za su iya hana ambaliyar ba. == Aikin noma da ake ban ruwa == Ruwa ya dogara sosai da kwararar kogin. Irin wannan aikin noma da ake ban ruwa yana da mahimmanci wajen biyan bukatun tsaro na abinci da rage talauci. An kafa ƙasashe masu ban ruwa a cikin ƙananan filayen Kogin Korowya, da kuma kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kan ruwa. == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Sandstone mai tsananin gaske Yawancin kogin ya ƙunshi yashi, amma mutum na iya samun wasu duwatsu, wanda ke wakiltar cakuda dukkan lithologies da kogin ya haye. == Daga sama zuwa ƙasa Tembien == A lokacin da yake tafiya, wannan kogi ya ratsa ta hanyoyi biyu. A sassa daban-daban: * Ruwan ruwa suna cikin Dogu'a Tembien * Yawancin ƙananan filayen suna cikin Kola Tembien[[Kola Tembien|Kola mai zurfi]] == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyar tafiya a kan wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public GPS Traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604001805/https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == ewes1mvpl4tzxy2mm7m804b21j3vnvn 840726 840725 2026-05-28T04:40:20Z Engineer014 44591 840726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Korowya''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa yamma don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Weri'i da Tekezé. [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == [[Menander|yawo]] da rafi mai laushi a cikin wani fili mai laushi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 31 a kowace kilomita. [[Fayil:View_from_Tsili_to_Addeha.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi daga saman Tsili zuwa Korowya]] Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi bai ragu ba saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse bunds <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |url-status=live |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428173920/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |access-date=9 September 2020 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma dam dam na dubawa kaɗan ne kuma bai isa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |bibcode=2015ZGm....59..477T |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |bibcode=2017JHyd..545..299G |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430231919/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |access-date=9 September 2020 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A kan gangaren da yawa, akwai sauran gandun daji; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna taimakawa wajen inganta shiga, amma ba za su iya hana ambaliyar ba. == Aikin noma da ake ban ruwa == Ruwa ya dogara sosai da kwararar kogin. Irin wannan aikin noma da ake ban ruwa yana da mahimmanci wajen biyan bukatun tsaro na abinci da rage talauci. An kafa ƙasashe masu ban ruwa a cikin ƙananan filayen Kogin Korowya, da kuma kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a kan ruwa. == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Sandstone mai tsananin gaske Yawancin kogin ya ƙunshi yashi, amma mutum na iya samun wasu duwatsu, wanda ke wakiltar cakuda dukkan lithologies da kogin ya haye. == Daga sama zuwa ƙasa Tembien == A lokacin da yake tafiya, wannan kogi ya ratsa ta hanyoyi biyu. A sassa daban-daban: * Ruwan ruwa suna cikin Dogu'a Tembien * Yawancin ƙananan filayen suna cikin Kola Tembien[[Kola Tembien|Kola mai zurfi]] == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyar tafiya a kan wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public GPS Traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604001805/https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == p7yy1v32li0o6ans2dm0zkdvka9fy5i 0 152404 840728 2026-05-28T04:41:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326748266|HMS Fifi]]" 840728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''HMS ''Fifi''''' jirgin ruwa ne mai dauke da makamai, wanda rundunonin sojan ruwa na Royal Navy suka kama daga Jamusawa a lokacin yakin Lake Tanganyika, kuma aka yi amfani da shi don tallafawa ayyukan Anglo-Belgium a kan tafkin da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi. A baya 'yan Jamus ne suka yi amfani da ita a karkashin sunan '''''Kingani''''' mai suna bayan kogin Kingani.<ref>Foden. Mimi & Toutou Go Forth. p. 311</ref> Bayan wani ɗan gajeren aiki na tallafawa ƙungiyoyin sojojin Jamus a tsakiyar Afirka, Jiragen ruwa guda biyu, masu suna HMS <nowiki><i id="mwFg">Mimi</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Toutou</i></nowiki>, waɗanda aka kai su daga Burtaniya zuwa tafkin ta hanyar balaguron da Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ya jagoranta. Jiragen ruwa masu sauri da sauri sun sami damar bin ''Kingani'', wanda bai iya kawo mata babbar makami ba don ɗaukar ta a kan ƙananan jiragen ba tare da juya don fuskantar su ba. Bayan an buge ta sau da yawa kuma ta gurgunta, kuma tare da kwamandanta da maza da yawa da suka mutu, ta mika wuya kuma an dawo da ita zuwa sansanin Burtaniya. An kawo ta cikin aikin Burtaniya a matsayin ''Fifi'', ta zama jirgin yaki na Jamus na farko da aka kama kuma aka tura ta zuwa Royal Navy. == Gine-gine == ''Kingani'' yana ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da Meyer-Werft ya gina a Papenburg, [[Jamus]] a shekarar 1893/4 don yin hidima a matsayin jiragen ruwa na kwastam a [[Jamus Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin Afirka na Jamus]] . Jiragen ruwan sun rasa matsuguni {{Convert|45|MT}} ( 20 GRT ), tsawonsu gabaɗaya shine {{Convert|17.75|m}} tare da {{Convert|3.65|m}} haske . Injin ( tafasa ɗaya mai injin {{Convert|30|sqm}} da 10 a ) an bayar da {{Convert|85.5|ihp}} don matsakaicin gudu na {{Convert|9.4|kn}}. Jami'i ɗaya da mutane bakwai ne suka jagorance su, jiragen ruwan suna ɗauke da makamai masu linzami {{Convert|3.7|cm}} bindigar bindiga mai linzami. == Yanayin dabarun a Tafkin Tanganyika == ''Kingani'' ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaramin jirgin ruwa na Jamus a kan tafkin, wanda ya ƙunshi ''Kingani'' da ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' mai nauyin tan 60, amma ya shiga a watan Yunin 1915 ta hanyar <nowiki><i id="mwSg">Graf von Götzen</i></nowiki> mai nauyin tan 1,200. Wadannan jiragen sun sami iko da Tafkin Tanganyika bayan sun lalata jirgin ruwa na [[Belgian Congo|Belgian]] ''Alexandre del Commune'' jim kadan bayan farawar yakin, kuma Jamusawa suna amfani da su don tallafawa sojojin ƙasarsu a yankin. Gudanar da tafkin na Jamus ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga duk yakin da aka yi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta tsakiya. Duk da yake Birtaniya za su iya tara sojoji zuwa kudancin tafkin, kuma Belgium suna da sojoji a arewa, babu wanda zai iya turawa zuwa Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka saboda haɗarin cewa Jamus za ta yi amfani da jiragensu don jigilar sojoji a fadin tafkin, da kuma amfani da su don yanke hanyoyin samar da su da hanyoyin sadarwa. Da yake fitowa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kigoma a gefen gabashin tafkin, jiragen ruwa na Jamus sun kai sojoji don gudanar da hare-hare a yankin Belgium, kuma sun jefa bam a tashar jiragen saman Belgium ta Lukuga . Don mayar da martani ga waɗannan hare-haren, da kuma buƙatar tabbatar da iko da tafkin don hana hare-harun Jamus da kuma tallafawa dakarun su a fagen, Admiralty ta aika da balaguro, karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson, don jigilar jiragen ruwa guda biyu da ake kira HMS <nowiki><i id="mwZA">Mimi</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwZQ">Toutou</i></nowiki> ta teku, jirgin ƙasa, kogi da hanya zuwa tafkin. Da zarar ya kasance a can zai nutse ko ya kashe jiragen ruwa na Jamus, kuma ya tabbatar da kula da tafkin. Bayan tafiya mai wahala jiragen biyu sun isa tafkin kuma an kaddamar da su a ranar 22 da 23 ga Disamba. == Masu binciken ''Kingani'' == [[Fayil:Tanganjikasee.jpg|right|thumb|''Kingani'' a kan Tafkin Tanganyika kafin a kama shi.]] Kwamandan rundunar sojin ruwan Jamus, Kyaftin Gustav Zimmer, ya naɗa Laftanar Job Rosenthal, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai suna SMS Königsberg har sai da ta nutse a Yaƙin Rufiji Delta, wanda ke jagorantar ''Kingani.'' An umarci Rosenthal da ta binciki shirye-shiryen Belgium don haɗa da harba babban jirgin ruwansu ''Baron Dhanis'' . Rosenthal ya kai ''Kingani'' kusa da Kalemie, inda ake ci gaba da aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa don kafa sansanin ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'', amma dole ne ya guji bindigogi biyu masu nauyin kilo 12 waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman batura na bakin teku. Rosenthal ya dawo da wuri a ranar 2 ga Disamba kuma ya yi iyo a bakin teku don bincike. Yin hakan ya gano ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'', amma an kama shi kafin ya dawo ya gabatar da rahotonsa. <ref name="Paice147" /> A lokacin da ba ya nan, Sub-Laftanar Junge ya karɓi ragamar ''Kingani'' . Duk da rashin cikakken bayani game da shirye-shiryen Belgium, Zimmer ya aika Junge don gudanar da aikin leƙen asiri, kuma a ranar 26 ga Disamba ''Kingani'' ya sake tuntuɓar Kalemie. <ref name="Paice148" /> <ref name="Foden192" /> == Manazarta == 6wjmunovooekxc08dvge3wtxdff7u2s 840730 840728 2026-05-28T04:41:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 840730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''HMS ''Fifi''''' jirgin ruwa ne mai dauke da makamai, wanda rundunonin sojan ruwa na Royal Navy suka kama daga Jamusawa a lokacin yakin Lake Tanganyika, kuma aka yi amfani da shi don tallafawa ayyukan Anglo-Belgium a kan tafkin da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi. A baya 'yan Jamus ne suka yi amfani da ita a karkashin sunan '''''Kingani''''' mai suna bayan kogin Kingani.<ref>Foden. Mimi & Toutou Go Forth. p. 311</ref> Bayan wani ɗan gajeren aiki na tallafawa ƙungiyoyin sojojin Jamus a tsakiyar Afirka, Jiragen ruwa guda biyu, masu suna HMS <nowiki><i id="mwFg">Mimi</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Toutou</i></nowiki>, waɗanda aka kai su daga Burtaniya zuwa tafkin ta hanyar balaguron da Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ya jagoranta. Jiragen ruwa masu sauri da sauri sun sami damar bin ''Kingani'', wanda bai iya kawo mata babbar makami ba don ɗaukar ta a kan ƙananan jiragen ba tare da juya don fuskantar su ba. Bayan an buge ta sau da yawa kuma ta gurgunta, kuma tare da kwamandanta da maza da yawa da suka mutu, ta mika wuya kuma an dawo da ita zuwa sansanin Burtaniya. An kawo ta cikin aikin Burtaniya a matsayin ''Fifi'', ta zama jirgin yaki na Jamus na farko da aka kama kuma aka tura ta zuwa Royal Navy. == Gine-gine == ''Kingani'' yana ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da Meyer-Werft ya gina a Papenburg, [[Jamus]] a shekarar 1893/4 don yin hidima a matsayin jiragen ruwa na kwastam a [[Jamus Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin Afirka na Jamus]] . Jiragen ruwan sun rasa matsuguni {{Convert|45|MT}} ( 20 GRT ), tsawonsu gabaɗaya shine {{Convert|17.75|m}} tare da {{Convert|3.65|m}} haske . Injin ( tafasa ɗaya mai injin {{Convert|30|sqm}} da 10 a ) an bayar da {{Convert|85.5|ihp}} don matsakaicin gudu na {{Convert|9.4|kn}}. Jami'i ɗaya da mutane bakwai ne suka jagorance su, jiragen ruwan suna ɗauke da makamai masu linzami {{Convert|3.7|cm}} bindigar bindiga mai linzami. == Yanayin dabarun a Tafkin Tanganyika == ''Kingani'' ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaramin jirgin ruwa na Jamus a kan tafkin, wanda ya ƙunshi ''Kingani'' da ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' mai nauyin tan 60, amma ya shiga a watan Yunin 1915 ta hanyar <nowiki><i id="mwSg">Graf von Götzen</i></nowiki> mai nauyin tan 1,200. Wadannan jiragen sun sami iko da Tafkin Tanganyika bayan sun lalata jirgin ruwa na [[Belgian Congo|Belgian]] ''Alexandre del Commune'' jim kadan bayan farawar yakin, kuma Jamusawa suna amfani da su don tallafawa sojojin ƙasarsu a yankin. Gudanar da tafkin na Jamus ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga duk yakin da aka yi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta tsakiya. Duk da yake Birtaniya za su iya tara sojoji zuwa kudancin tafkin, kuma Belgium suna da sojoji a arewa, babu wanda zai iya turawa zuwa Jamus ta Gabashin Afirka saboda haɗarin cewa Jamus za ta yi amfani da jiragensu don jigilar sojoji a fadin tafkin, da kuma amfani da su don yanke hanyoyin samar da su da hanyoyin sadarwa. Da yake fitowa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kigoma a gefen gabashin tafkin, jiragen ruwa na Jamus sun kai sojoji don gudanar da hare-hare a yankin Belgium, kuma sun jefa bam a tashar jiragen saman Belgium ta Lukuga . Don mayar da martani ga waɗannan hare-haren, da kuma buƙatar tabbatar da iko da tafkin don hana hare-harun Jamus da kuma tallafawa dakarun su a fagen, Admiralty ta aika da balaguro, karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson, don jigilar jiragen ruwa guda biyu da ake kira HMS <nowiki><i id="mwZA">Mimi</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwZQ">Toutou</i></nowiki> ta teku, jirgin ƙasa, kogi da hanya zuwa tafkin. Da zarar ya kasance a can zai nutse ko ya kashe jiragen ruwa na Jamus, kuma ya tabbatar da kula da tafkin. Bayan tafiya mai wahala jiragen biyu sun isa tafkin kuma an kaddamar da su a ranar 22 da 23 ga Disamba. == Masu binciken ''Kingani'' == [[Fayil:Tanganjikasee.jpg|right|thumb|''Kingani'' a kan Tafkin Tanganyika kafin a kama shi.]] Kwamandan rundunar sojin ruwan Jamus, Kyaftin Gustav Zimmer, ya naɗa Laftanar Job Rosenthal, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai suna SMS Königsberg har sai da ta nutse a Yaƙin Rufiji Delta, wanda ke jagorantar ''Kingani.'' An umarci Rosenthal da ta binciki shirye-shiryen Belgium don haɗa da harba babban jirgin ruwansu ''Baron Dhanis'' . Rosenthal ya kai ''Kingani'' kusa da Kalemie, inda ake ci gaba da aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa don kafa sansanin ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'', amma dole ne ya guji bindigogi biyu masu nauyin kilo 12 waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman batura na bakin teku. Rosenthal ya dawo da wuri a ranar 2 ga Disamba kuma ya yi iyo a bakin teku don bincike. Yin hakan ya gano ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'', amma an kama shi kafin ya dawo ya gabatar da rahotonsa. <ref name="Paice147" /> A lokacin da ba ya nan, Sub-Laftanar Junge ya karɓi ragamar ''Kingani'' . Duk da rashin cikakken bayani game da shirye-shiryen Belgium, Zimmer ya aika Junge don gudanar da aikin leƙen asiri, kuma a ranar 26 ga Disamba ''Kingani'' ya sake tuntuɓar Kalemie. <ref name="Paice148" /> <ref name="Foden192" /> == Manazarta == kz4jsosg7s5fkf3vs8d7t2z1gb6g03f 0 152405 840729 2026-05-28T04:41:22Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345146980|May Leiba]]" 840729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_1.jpg|left|thumb|Mayu Leiba]] '''May Leiba''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' Dogu'a Tembien ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin May Leiba . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 1998 ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray . == Halayen Dam == [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_(dam).jpg|left|thumb|Dam na Leiba na Mayu]] * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 18.9 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 371 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 25 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 958 175 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 191 635 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 16 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 15. Matsala ta farko ita ce ta gudanarwa: madatsar ruwan tana cikin "tabia" ɗaya kuma yankin umarni a wani "tabia" ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da rashin jituwa game da raba ruwan. Babban ɓangaren ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa na yau da kullun yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa a kan dutse mai laushi; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=Jan |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Poesen |first3=Jean |last4=Deckers |first4=Jozef |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |year=2006 |title=Age and backfill/Overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205004281 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=165–181 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> musamman a kusa da matsugunin Addi Idaga da ke ƙasa, inda aka haɓaka babban kewayen ban ruwa. == magudanar ruwa ta ma'adanar ruwa == [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwa ta Leiba ta watan Mayu tana da girman kilomita 17.87, tare da kewayen kilomita 17.61 da tsawon mita 4540. == Muhalli == Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone, Agula Shale, yashi na [[Tsarin Amba Aradam|Amba Aradam Formation]] da Ashangi Basalts . Manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da bambance-bambancen nau'ikan ƙasa a cikin wannan magudanar ruwa sune: 1) ilimin ƙasa, ta hanyar kayan ƙasa da kuma faruwar yadudduka masu tauri, galibi suna aiki azaman aquitards ko aquicludes ; 2) faruwar tarin taro wanda ke mamaye manyan yankuna na magudanar ruwa; da kuma 3) [[Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli|zaizayar]] ƙasa da kuma zubar da ƙasa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da "ja-baƙi" [[Skeletic|na kwarangwal]] Cambisol - [[Pellic]] Vertisol [[Soil catena|catenas]] akan basalt da [[Calcaric]] Regosol - [[Colluvic]] [[Calcaric]] Cambisol - [[Calcaric]] Vertisol catenas akan Antalo Limestone . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van De Wauw |first=J. |last2=Baert |first2=G. |last3=Moeyersons |first3=J. |last4=Nyssen |first4=J. |last5=De Geyndt |first5=K. |last6=Taha |first6=Nurhussein |last7=Zenebe |first7=Amanuel |last8=Poesen |first8=J. |last9=Deckers |first9=J. |year=2008 |title=Soil–landscape relationships in the basalt-dominated highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816208000404 |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=117–127 |bibcode=2008Caten..75..117V |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.006 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Magudanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haregeweyn |first=Nigussie |display-authors=et al. |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙarin sake amfani da laka na magudanar ruwa don samar da amfanin gona. Duk da cewa wannan ya ninka yawan amfanin [[tafarnuwa]], ya kuma zama aiki mai tsada wajen jigilar laka daga busasshiyar ƙasa zuwa ƙasa mara ciyawa da ke kusa domin kafa filayen. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Girmay |first=Gebreyohannes |last2=Nyssen |first2=J. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Bauer |first4=H. |last5=Merckx |first5=R. |last6=Haile |first6=M. |last7=Deckers |first7=J. |year=2012 |title=Land reclamation using reservoir sediments in Tigray, northern Ethiopia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=28 |pages=113–119 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |s2cid=93948998 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> k3539t8fcm7qe6no4kagzobur3qz68a 840731 840729 2026-05-28T04:42:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}8} [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_1.jpg|left|thumb|Mayu Leiba]] '''May Leiba''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' Dogu'a Tembien ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin May Leiba . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 1998 ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray . == Halayen Dam == [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_(dam).jpg|left|thumb|Dam na Leiba na Mayu]] * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 18.9 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 371 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 25 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 958 175 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 191 635 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 16 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 15. Matsala ta farko ita ce ta gudanarwa: madatsar ruwan tana cikin "tabia" ɗaya kuma yankin umarni a wani "tabia" ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da rashin jituwa game da raba ruwan. Babban ɓangaren ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa na yau da kullun yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa a kan dutse mai laushi; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=Jan |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Poesen |first3=Jean |last4=Deckers |first4=Jozef |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |year=2006 |title=Age and backfill/Overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205004281 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=165–181 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> musamman a kusa da matsugunin Addi Idaga da ke ƙasa, inda aka haɓaka babban kewayen ban ruwa. == magudanar ruwa ta ma'adanar ruwa == [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwa ta Leiba ta watan Mayu tana da girman kilomita 17.87, tare da kewayen kilomita 17.61 da tsawon mita 4540. == Muhalli == Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone, Agula Shale, yashi na [[Tsarin Amba Aradam|Amba Aradam Formation]] da Ashangi Basalts . Manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da bambance-bambancen nau'ikan ƙasa a cikin wannan magudanar ruwa sune: 1) ilimin ƙasa, ta hanyar kayan ƙasa da kuma faruwar yadudduka masu tauri, galibi suna aiki azaman aquitards ko aquicludes ; 2) faruwar tarin taro wanda ke mamaye manyan yankuna na magudanar ruwa; da kuma 3) [[Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli|zaizayar]] ƙasa da kuma zubar da ƙasa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da "ja-baƙi" [[Skeletic|na kwarangwal]] Cambisol - [[Pellic]] Vertisol [[Soil catena|catenas]] akan basalt da [[Calcaric]] Regosol - [[Colluvic]] [[Calcaric]] Cambisol - [[Calcaric]] Vertisol catenas akan Antalo Limestone . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van De Wauw |first=J. |last2=Baert |first2=G. |last3=Moeyersons |first3=J. |last4=Nyssen |first4=J. |last5=De Geyndt |first5=K. |last6=Taha |first6=Nurhussein |last7=Zenebe |first7=Amanuel |last8=Poesen |first8=J. |last9=Deckers |first9=J. |year=2008 |title=Soil–landscape relationships in the basalt-dominated highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816208000404 |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=117–127 |bibcode=2008Caten..75..117V |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.006 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Magudanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haregeweyn |first=Nigussie |display-authors=et al. |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙarin sake amfani da laka na magudanar ruwa don samar da amfanin gona. Duk da cewa wannan ya ninka yawan amfanin [[tafarnuwa]], ya kuma zama aiki mai tsada wajen jigilar laka daga busasshiyar ƙasa zuwa ƙasa mara ciyawa da ke kusa domin kafa filayen. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Girmay |first=Gebreyohannes |last2=Nyssen |first2=J. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Bauer |first4=H. |last5=Merckx |first5=R. |last6=Haile |first6=M. |last7=Deckers |first7=J. |year=2012 |title=Land reclamation using reservoir sediments in Tigray, northern Ethiopia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=28 |pages=113–119 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |s2cid=93948998 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> dg4uykn4be3p9r9yfc16g614lraw0cl 840732 840731 2026-05-28T04:42:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 840732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}8} [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_1.jpg|left|thumb|Mayu Leiba]] '''May Leiba''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' Dogu'a Tembien ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin May Leiba . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 1998 ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray . == Halayen Dam == [[Fayil:48._May_Leiba_(dam).jpg|left|thumb|Dam na Leiba na Mayu]] * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 18.9 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 371 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 25 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 958 175 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 191 635 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 16 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 15. Matsala ta farko ita ce ta gudanarwa: madatsar ruwan tana cikin "tabia" ɗaya kuma yankin umarni a wani "tabia" ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da rashin jituwa game da raba ruwan. Babban ɓangaren ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa na yau da kullun yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa a kan dutse mai laushi; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=Jan |last2=Nyssen |first2=Jan |last3=Poesen |first3=Jean |last4=Deckers |first4=Jozef |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |year=2006 |title=Age and backfill/Overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018205004281 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=165–181 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> musamman a kusa da matsugunin Addi Idaga da ke ƙasa, inda aka haɓaka babban kewayen ban ruwa. == magudanar ruwa ta ma'adanar ruwa == [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwa ta Leiba ta watan Mayu tana da girman kilomita 17.87, tare da kewayen kilomita 17.61 da tsawon mita 4540. == Muhalli == Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone, Agula Shale, yashi na [[Tsarin Amba Aradam|Amba Aradam Formation]] da Ashangi Basalts . Manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da bambance-bambancen nau'ikan ƙasa a cikin wannan magudanar ruwa sune: 1) ilimin ƙasa, ta hanyar kayan ƙasa da kuma faruwar yadudduka masu tauri, galibi suna aiki azaman aquitards ko aquicludes ; 2) faruwar tarin taro wanda ke mamaye manyan yankuna na magudanar ruwa; da kuma 3) [[Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli|zaizayar]] ƙasa da kuma zubar da ƙasa. Waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da "ja-baƙi" [[Skeletic|na kwarangwal]] Cambisol - [[Pellic]] Vertisol [[Soil catena|catenas]] akan basalt da [[Calcaric]] Regosol - [[Colluvic]] [[Calcaric]] Cambisol - [[Calcaric]] Vertisol catenas akan Antalo Limestone . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van De Wauw |first=J. |last2=Baert |first2=G. |last3=Moeyersons |first3=J. |last4=Nyssen |first4=J. |last5=De Geyndt |first5=K. |last6=Taha |first6=Nurhussein |last7=Zenebe |first7=Amanuel |last8=Poesen |first8=J. |last9=Deckers |first9=J. |year=2008 |title=Soil–landscape relationships in the basalt-dominated highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816208000404 |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=117–127 |bibcode=2008Caten..75..117V |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.006 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Magudanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haregeweyn |first=Nigussie |display-authors=et al. |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙarin sake amfani da laka na magudanar ruwa don samar da amfanin gona. Duk da cewa wannan ya ninka yawan amfanin [[tafarnuwa]], ya kuma zama aiki mai tsada wajen jigilar laka daga busasshiyar ƙasa zuwa ƙasa mara ciyawa da ke kusa domin kafa filayen. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Girmay |first=Gebreyohannes |last2=Nyssen |first2=J. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Bauer |first4=H. |last5=Merckx |first5=R. |last6=Haile |first6=M. |last7=Deckers |first7=J. |year=2012 |title=Land reclamation using reservoir sediments in Tigray, northern Ethiopia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=28 |pages=113–119 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00368.x |s2cid=93948998 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ==manazartadf 02ngztlpe8cazdp8396kyds07sd112e 0 152406 840733 2026-05-28T04:42:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341074751|Gombe National Park]]" 840733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gombe National Park''' (/ˈɡɒmbi, ˈɡoʊmbeɪ/) wani wurin shakatawa ne na kasa a Tanzania, wanda ke cikin Gundumar Kigoma ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] . An kira shi '''Gombe Stream National Park''' . == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Established in 1968, it is one of the smallest national parks in Tanzania, with only {{Cvt|13.5|sqmi|km2}} of protected land along the hills of the eastern shore of [[Tafkin Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]]. The terrain is distinguished by steep [[Ƙorama|valleys]], and the vegetation ranges from grassland to woodland to [[Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi|tropical rainforest]]. Accessible only by boat, the park is most famous as the location where [[Jane Goodall]] pioneered her behavioural [[Bincike|research]] on the common chimpanzee populations.<ref name="Tanzania" /><ref name="GSRC" /> The Kasakela chimpanzee community, featured in several books and documentaries, lives in Gombe National Park.<ref name="kasakela">{{Cite book|last3=Jane Goodall}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == Gombe National Park ya ƙunshi ciyawa, gandun daji, kwari masu tsayi da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi; yana alfahari da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman taro na primates a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Alliance of National Parks |url=https://national-parks.org/tanzania/gombe-stream |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> Chimpanzees suna da mazauni tare da wasu nau'o'in dabbobi da yawa, baboons na zaitun na bakin teku, ja colobus, birai mai jan wutsiya, birai na shuɗi da birai na vervet. An san birai masu jan wutsiyar wutsiyar da birai masu launin shudi da haɗuwa a yankin. [[Fayil:JaneGoodallSept2011.jpg|thumb|[[Jane Goodall]]]] Gombe National Park sananne ne saboda kasancewa shafin yanar gizon Jane Goodall game da chimpanzees da sauran primates. Goodall ya fara tafiya zuwa Tanzania a cikin 1960 yana da shekaru 26 ba tare da horo na kwaleji ba. Ba a san komai game da halayyar chimpanzee ko tsarin al'umma a lokacin ba. Binciken da ta yi ya tabbatar da ƙwarewar hankali da motsin rai na wadanda ba mutane ba, musamman chimpanzees. Tare da goyon bayan sanannen masanin ilimin ɗan adam Louis Leakey, Goodall ya kafa wani karamin tashar bincike a Gombe da fatan ƙarin koyo game da halayyar danginmu mafi kusa.<ref name="PBS" /> A can ta kwashe watanni tana bin diddigin dakarun chimpanzee, musamman Al'ummar chimpanzee ta Kasakela, da kuma lura da al'adunsu na yau da kullun har sai dakarun da suka karɓa a hankali kuma an ba ta damar yin la'akari da al'ummar da ke cikin chimpanzee.<ref name="PBS" /> [[Fayil:Gombe_Stream_NP_gegenseitiges_Lausen.jpg|thumb|Kayan zamantakewa na chimpanzees da aka lura a Gombe National Park]] Ba tare da horo na kwaleji da ke jagorantar bincikenta ba, Goodall ta lura da abubuwan da ka'idodin kimiyya masu tsauri zasu iya watsi da su. Maimakon ƙididdigar chimpanzees da ta lura, ta ba su sunaye kamar Fifi da David Greybeard, kuma ta lura da su suna da halaye na musamman da na mutum, ra'ayi mai ban mamaki a lokacin.<ref name="PBS" /> Ta gano cewa "ba kawai mutane ne da ke da mutuntaka ba, waɗanda ke iya tunani mai ma'ana motsin rai kamar farin ciki da baƙin ciki".[and]<ref name="PBS" /> Ta kuma lura da halaye irin su rungumi, sumba, pats a baya, har ma da tickling, abin da mutane ke la'akari da ayyukan ɗan adam.<ref name="PBS" /> Goodall ya nace cewa waɗannan alamu shaida ne na "kusa, goyon baya, dangantaka ta soyayya da ke tasowa tsakanin 'yan uwa da sauran mutane a cikin al'umma, wanda zai iya ci gaba a duk tsawon rayuwa sama da shekaru 50".<ref name="PBS" /> Binciken Goodall a Gombe ya fi sananne ga al'ummar kimiyya don kalubalantar imani biyu na dogon lokaci na yau: cewa mutane ne kawai zasu iya ginawa da amfani da kayan aiki, kuma chimpanzees sun kasance masu cin ganyayyaki. Yayinda take lura da wani chimpanzee yana cin abinci a wani tudun tsutsa, ta kalli shi akai-akai ya sanya rassan ciyawa a cikin ramukan tsutsa, sannan ya cire su daga ramin da aka rufe da tsutsa, yadda ya kamata "kamun kifi" ga tsutsa. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin cuta za su ɗauki rassan daga bishiyoyi kuma su cire ganye don yin reshe ya fi tasiri, wani nau'i na gyaran abu wanda shine farkon kayan aiki.<ref name="Chimp" /> Mutane sun daɗe suna rarrabe kanmu daga sauran mulkin dabbobi a matsayin "Mutumin Mai Yin Kayan aiki". A mayar da martani ga binciken juyin juya halin Goodall, Louis Leakey ya rubuta, "Yanzu dole ne mu sake bayyana mutum, mu sake bayyana kayan aiki, ko karɓar chimpanzees a matsayin ɗan adam!" A yayin karatun ta, Goodall ta sami shaidar halaye na tunani a cikin chimpanzee kamar tunani mai ma'ana, abstraction, generalization, wakilci na alama, har ma da manufar kai, duk a baya ana tunanin su ne kawai iyawar ɗan adam. <ref name="Chimp" /> == Karewa == Bambancin halittu na Gombe National Park yana fuskantar barazanar mamayewar mutum. Kodayake kashi 25% na Tanzania an ware su a cikin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya, yawan namun daji har yanzu suna raguwa. Wannan yafi saboda rashin hadin gwiwa tsakanin kula da wurin shakatawa, bangarorin gwamnati, da al'ummomin karkara.<ref name="Obstacles" /> Yankunan ƙauyuka galibi suna tsakanin wuraren shakatawa kuma suna zama cikas ga dabbobi da ke tafiya tsakanin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Ba tare da motsawa don kare dabbobi ba, al'ummomin karkara za su farautar su don abinci ko kashe su saboda dalilai na tsaro.<ref name="Obstacles" /> Talauci ma yana ƙara buƙata. == Dubi kuma == * Cibiyar Bincike ta USC Jane Goodall * Jerin wuraren da aka kare na Tanzania * Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Kasa ta Tanzania * Gombe Chimpanzee War == Manazarta == m16wot83ejdurog8wb4uty72qdjuvos 840734 840733 2026-05-28T04:43:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 840734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gombe National Park''' (/ˈɡɒmbi, ˈɡoʊmbeɪ/) wani wurin shakatawa ne na kasa a Tanzania, wanda ke cikin Gundumar Kigoma ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] . An kira shi '''Gombe Stream National Park''' . == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Established in 1968, it is one of the smallest national parks in Tanzania, with only {{Cvt|13.5|sqmi|km2}} of protected land along the hills of the eastern shore of [[Tafkin Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]]. The terrain is distinguished by steep [[Ƙorama|valleys]], and the vegetation ranges from grassland to woodland to [[Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi|tropical rainforest]]. Accessible only by boat, the park is most famous as the location where [[Jane Goodall]] pioneered her behavioural [[Bincike|research]] on the common chimpanzee populations.<ref name="Tanzania" /><ref name="GSRC" /> The Kasakela chimpanzee community, featured in several books and documentaries, lives in Gombe National Park.<ref name="kasakela">{{Cite book|last3=Jane Goodall}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == Gombe National Park ya ƙunshi ciyawa, gandun daji, kwari masu tsayi da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi; yana alfahari da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman taro na primates a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Alliance of National Parks |url=https://national-parks.org/tanzania/gombe-stream |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref> Chimpanzees suna da mazauni tare da wasu nau'o'in dabbobi da yawa, baboons na zaitun na bakin teku, ja colobus, birai mai jan wutsiya, birai na shuɗi da birai na vervet. An san birai masu jan wutsiyar wutsiyar da birai masu launin shudi da haɗuwa a yankin. [[Fayil:JaneGoodallSept2011.jpg|thumb|[[Jane Goodall]]]] Gombe National Park sananne ne saboda kasancewa shafin yanar gizon Jane Goodall game da chimpanzees da sauran primates. Goodall ya fara tafiya zuwa Tanzania a cikin 1960 yana da shekaru 26 ba tare da horo na kwaleji ba. Ba a san komai game da halayyar chimpanzee ko tsarin al'umma a lokacin ba. Binciken da ta yi ya tabbatar da ƙwarewar hankali da motsin rai na wadanda ba mutane ba, musamman chimpanzees. Tare da goyon bayan sanannen masanin ilimin ɗan adam Louis Leakey, Goodall ya kafa wani karamin tashar bincike a Gombe da fatan ƙarin koyo game da halayyar danginmu mafi kusa.<ref name="PBS" /> A can ta kwashe watanni tana bin diddigin dakarun chimpanzee, musamman Al'ummar chimpanzee ta Kasakela, da kuma lura da al'adunsu na yau da kullun har sai dakarun da suka karɓa a hankali kuma an ba ta damar yin la'akari da al'ummar da ke cikin chimpanzee.<ref name="PBS" /> [[Fayil:Gombe_Stream_NP_gegenseitiges_Lausen.jpg|thumb|Kayan zamantakewa na chimpanzees da aka lura a Gombe National Park]] Ba tare da horo na kwaleji da ke jagorantar bincikenta ba, Goodall ta lura da abubuwan da ka'idodin kimiyya masu tsauri zasu iya watsi da su. Maimakon ƙididdigar chimpanzees da ta lura, ta ba su sunaye kamar Fifi da David Greybeard, kuma ta lura da su suna da halaye na musamman da na mutum, ra'ayi mai ban mamaki a lokacin.<ref name="PBS" /> Ta gano cewa "ba kawai mutane ne da ke da mutuntaka ba, waɗanda ke iya tunani mai ma'ana motsin rai kamar farin ciki da baƙin ciki".[and]<ref name="PBS" /> Ta kuma lura da halaye irin su rungumi, sumba, pats a baya, har ma da tickling, abin da mutane ke la'akari da ayyukan ɗan adam.<ref name="PBS" /> Goodall ya nace cewa waɗannan alamu shaida ne na "kusa, goyon baya, dangantaka ta soyayya da ke tasowa tsakanin 'yan uwa da sauran mutane a cikin al'umma, wanda zai iya ci gaba a duk tsawon rayuwa sama da shekaru 50".<ref name="PBS" /> Binciken Goodall a Gombe ya fi sananne ga al'ummar kimiyya don kalubalantar imani biyu na dogon lokaci na yau: cewa mutane ne kawai zasu iya ginawa da amfani da kayan aiki, kuma chimpanzees sun kasance masu cin ganyayyaki. Yayinda take lura da wani chimpanzee yana cin abinci a wani tudun tsutsa, ta kalli shi akai-akai ya sanya rassan ciyawa a cikin ramukan tsutsa, sannan ya cire su daga ramin da aka rufe da tsutsa, yadda ya kamata "kamun kifi" ga tsutsa. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin cuta za su ɗauki rassan daga bishiyoyi kuma su cire ganye don yin reshe ya fi tasiri, wani nau'i na gyaran abu wanda shine farkon kayan aiki.<ref name="Chimp" /> Mutane sun daɗe suna rarrabe kanmu daga sauran mulkin dabbobi a matsayin "Mutumin Mai Yin Kayan aiki". A mayar da martani ga binciken juyin juya halin Goodall, Louis Leakey ya rubuta, "Yanzu dole ne mu sake bayyana mutum, mu sake bayyana kayan aiki, ko karɓar chimpanzees a matsayin ɗan adam!" A yayin karatun ta, Goodall ta sami shaidar halaye na tunani a cikin chimpanzee kamar tunani mai ma'ana, abstraction, generalization, wakilci na alama, har ma da manufar kai, duk a baya ana tunanin su ne kawai iyawar ɗan adam. <ref name="Chimp" /> == Karewa == Bambancin halittu na Gombe National Park yana fuskantar barazanar mamayewar mutum. Kodayake kashi 25% na Tanzania an ware su a cikin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya, yawan namun daji har yanzu suna raguwa. Wannan yafi saboda rashin hadin gwiwa tsakanin kula da wurin shakatawa, bangarorin gwamnati, da al'ummomin karkara.<ref name="Obstacles" /> Yankunan ƙauyuka galibi suna tsakanin wuraren shakatawa kuma suna zama cikas ga dabbobi da ke tafiya tsakanin wuraren da aka kiyaye. Ba tare da motsawa don kare dabbobi ba, al'ummomin karkara za su farautar su don abinci ko kashe su saboda dalilai na tsaro.<ref name="Obstacles" /> Talauci ma yana ƙara buƙata. == Dubi kuma == * Cibiyar Bincike ta USC Jane Goodall * Jerin wuraren da aka kare na Tanzania * Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Kasa ta Tanzania * Gombe Chimpanzee War == Manazarta == nlwg6c5yaxcx2sffainki2o7jrhuqu0 0 152407 840735 2026-05-28T04:43:06Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344580922|May Selelo]]" 840735 wikitext text/x-wiki Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 43 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. [[Fayil:Affluent_to_May_Selelo_at_Adenna.jpg|thumb|Ruwa zuwa May Selelo a [[Adenna]]]] Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A wasu gangaren da ke da tsaunuka, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900/file/738003.pdf |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse bunds <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Gudanarwa zuwa ga gorge == Transhumance yana faruwa ne a lokacin ruwan sama na rani, lokacin da ƙasashen da ke kusa da ƙauyuka suka mamaye amfanin gona. Matasa makiyaya za su kai shanu na ƙauyen zuwa ga kwarin kuma da dare a cikin ƙananan koguna. Gorges suna da kyau sosai a matsayin yankin da ake nufi da su, saboda akwai ruwa da kuma ci gaba mai kyau na tsire-tsire na halitta.<ref name="trans">{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Descheemaeker |first2=Katrien |last3=Zenebe |first3=Amanuel |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |last5=Deckers |first5=Jozef |last6=Haile |first6=Mitiku |date=2009 |title=Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia) |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=255–264 |doi=10.1659/mrd.00033 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Babban dutse * Abubuwan da aka adana a cikin tafkin * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> * Sandstone mai tsananin gaske == Gundumomi biyu == [[Fayil:May_Selelo_headwaters2.jpg|thumb|Mayu Selelo headwaters]] A kan hanyarsa, wannan kogi ya ratsa ta hanyoyi biyu: Dogu'a Tembien don maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, da Abergele don mafi girman ɓangaren hanyarsa. [[Fayil:May_Selelo_in_Dasarawat1.jpg|thumb|Hanyar '''S2''' ta haye Mayu Selelo a [[Dasarawat]]]] == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyoyin tafiya a fadin da kuma tare da wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX. * Hanyar '''8''', a fadin kogi a kauyen Kalazban * Trek '''S2''', a fadin kogi a kauyen [[Dasarawat]] A lokacin ruwan sama, ambaliyar ruwa na iya faruwa kuma ana ba da shawarar kada a bi kogin. A wasu lokuta yana iya zama ba zai yiwu a haye kogi a lokacin ruwan sama ba. == Manazarta == cm45zoh9rsc5h49o95rfoxmpf9loge5 840737 840735 2026-05-28T04:43:36Z Engineer014 44591 840737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangara na mita 43 a kowace kilomita. Tare da maɓuɓɓugarsa, kogin ya yanke wani zurfi mai zurfi. == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. [[Fayil:Affluent_to_May_Selelo_at_Adenna.jpg|thumb|Ruwa zuwa May Selelo a [[Adenna]]]] Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A wasu gangaren da ke da tsaunuka, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900/file/738003.pdf |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse bunds <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Gudanarwa zuwa ga gorge == Transhumance yana faruwa ne a lokacin ruwan sama na rani, lokacin da ƙasashen da ke kusa da ƙauyuka suka mamaye amfanin gona. Matasa makiyaya za su kai shanu na ƙauyen zuwa ga kwarin kuma da dare a cikin ƙananan koguna. Gorges suna da kyau sosai a matsayin yankin da ake nufi da su, saboda akwai ruwa da kuma ci gaba mai kyau na tsire-tsire na halitta.<ref name="trans">{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Descheemaeker |first2=Katrien |last3=Zenebe |first3=Amanuel |last4=Poesen |first4=Jean |last5=Deckers |first5=Jozef |last6=Haile |first6=Mitiku |date=2009 |title=Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia) |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=255–264 |doi=10.1659/mrd.00033 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Babban dutse * Abubuwan da aka adana a cikin tafkin * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> * Sandstone mai tsananin gaske == Gundumomi biyu == [[Fayil:May_Selelo_headwaters2.jpg|thumb|Mayu Selelo headwaters]] A kan hanyarsa, wannan kogi ya ratsa ta hanyoyi biyu: Dogu'a Tembien don maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, da Abergele don mafi girman ɓangaren hanyarsa. [[Fayil:May_Selelo_in_Dasarawat1.jpg|thumb|Hanyar '''S2''' ta haye Mayu Selelo a [[Dasarawat]]]] == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyoyin tafiya a fadin da kuma tare da wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX. * Hanyar '''8''', a fadin kogi a kauyen Kalazban * Trek '''S2''', a fadin kogi a kauyen [[Dasarawat]] A lokacin ruwan sama, ambaliyar ruwa na iya faruwa kuma ana ba da shawarar kada a bi kogin. A wasu lokuta yana iya zama ba zai yiwu a haye kogi a lokacin ruwan sama ba. == Manazarta == 8rz63ue5evods207f236zgumbsdahid 0 152408 840736 2026-05-28T04:43:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327529710|Hedwig von Wissmann (steamship)]]" 840736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hedwig von Wissmann''''' Jirgin 'yar'uwa ne na Jamus a kan [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama fasalin a cikin labarin da ke bayan fim din ''[[Sarauniyar Afirka]]'' . Ita 'yar'uwa ce ga mafi girma Hermann von Wissmann a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyasa]], kuma kamar wannan jirgin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman jirgin bindiga a kan masu bautar. An sanya sunan jirgin ne don Hedwig von Wissmann, matar mai binciken Jamus kuma mai kula da mulkin mallaka [[Hermann Wissmann|Hermann von Wissmann]] wanda ya tara kudade ga jiragen biyu. A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914 an tsara jirgin don aikin tsaro a Tafkin Tanganyika . Wani jirgin ruwa na Anglo-Belgian na ƙananan jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ne ya nutse ta a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1916 da karfe 11h50 a yakin Lake Tanganyika ciki har da {{HMS|Fifi}} da {{HMS|Mimi}}. Wadanda suka mutu a Jamus sun kasance injiniya da masu cin wuta biyu na Afirka da aka kashe a cikin dakin injiniya; wani jami'in warrant da wasu ma'aikatan Afirka sun mutu da kuma mai cin wuta na Turai da wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Afirka da suka ji rauni kadan lokacin da harsashi ya buge jirage biyu. Turawa goma sha biyu, ciki har da kyaftin din Job Odebrecht, da 'yan Afirka takwas ne Birtaniya suka kama su. <ref>He served in World War II as a general in the {{Lang|de|[[Luftwaffe]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3v9wqzskia6219xqsk4ziyq9h91xvk2 840738 840736 2026-05-28T04:43:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 840738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hedwig von Wissmann''''' Jirgin 'yar'uwa ne na Jamus a kan [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], wanda ya zama fasalin a cikin labarin da ke bayan fim din ''[[Sarauniyar Afirka]]'' . Ita 'yar'uwa ce ga mafi girma Hermann von Wissmann a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyasa]], kuma kamar wannan jirgin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman jirgin bindiga a kan masu bautar. An sanya sunan jirgin ne don Hedwig von Wissmann, matar mai binciken Jamus kuma mai kula da mulkin mallaka [[Hermann Wissmann|Hermann von Wissmann]] wanda ya tara kudade ga jiragen biyu. A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914 an tsara jirgin don aikin tsaro a Tafkin Tanganyika . Wani jirgin ruwa na Anglo-Belgian na ƙananan jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ne ya nutse ta a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1916 da karfe 11h50 a yakin Lake Tanganyika ciki har da {{HMS|Fifi}} da {{HMS|Mimi}}. Wadanda suka mutu a Jamus sun kasance injiniya da masu cin wuta biyu na Afirka da aka kashe a cikin dakin injiniya; wani jami'in warrant da wasu ma'aikatan Afirka sun mutu da kuma mai cin wuta na Turai da wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Afirka da suka ji rauni kadan lokacin da harsashi ya buge jirage biyu. Turawa goma sha biyu, ciki har da kyaftin din Job Odebrecht, da 'yan Afirka takwas ne Birtaniya suka kama su. <ref>He served in World War II as a general in the {{Lang|de|[[Luftwaffe]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == g9oyu0n4dwv0xdnvg9sphbwp3bozsbr 0 152409 840739 2026-05-28T04:44:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327086035|Hermann von Wissmann (steamship)]]" 840739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist|20em}}'''''Hermann von Wissmann''''' jirgin ruwa ne na Jamus a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyasa]] mai suna bayan mai binciken Jamus Hermann vonissmann wanda ya tara kudade don a gina jirgin a cikin 1890 a matsayin jirgin yaki da bautar. Harin da jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya Gwendolen ya kai a kan ''Hermann von Wissmann'' yayin da yake kan hanyar zamewa a Liuli, shine aikin sojan ruwa na farko na yakin duniya na farko. Birtaniya sun kashe jirgin a takaice a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1914, sannan a shekara ta 1915 sun dakatar da jirgin gaba daya.{{Sfn|von Lettow-Vorbeck|2023}} ''Hermann von Wissmann'' yana da ƙaramin jirgin 'yar'uwa, mai suna bayan matar Wissmann, Hedwig von Wissmann, a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Wannan karamin jirgi ya shiga cikin ayyukan Geoffrey Spicer-Simson wanda shine tushen <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Sarauniyar Afirka</i></nowiki>, wani littafi na 1935 na C. S. Forester da fim na 1951 na wannan sunan tare da Humphrey Bogart da Katharine Hepburn.<br /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|20em}} 03ub7qvrl6b52osg9b6c4mhyxw28etw 840740 840739 2026-05-28T04:44:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 840740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hermann von Wissmann''''' jirgin ruwa ne na Jamus a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyasa]] mai suna bayan mai binciken Jamus Hermann vonissmann wanda ya tara kudade don a gina jirgin a cikin 1890 a matsayin jirgin yaki da bautar. Harin da jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya Gwendolen ya kai a kan ''Hermann von Wissmann'' yayin da yake kan hanyar zamewa a Liuli, shine aikin sojan ruwa na farko na yakin duniya na farko. Birtaniya sun kashe jirgin a takaice a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1914, sannan a shekara ta 1915 sun dakatar da jirgin gaba daya.{{Sfn|von Lettow-Vorbeck|2023}} ''Hermann von Wissmann'' yana da ƙaramin jirgin 'yar'uwa, mai suna bayan matar Wissmann, Hedwig von Wissmann, a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Wannan karamin jirgi ya shiga cikin ayyukan Geoffrey Spicer-Simson wanda shine tushen <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Sarauniyar Afirka</i></nowiki>, wani littafi na 1935 na C. S. Forester da fim na 1951 na wannan sunan tare da Humphrey Bogart da Katharine Hepburn.<br /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|20em}} mb80jeqej1i1oml8txuuqvkvkt1d4b4 0 152410 840741 2026-05-28T04:45:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322098490|Kavala Island]]" 840741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tsibirin Kavala''' (Île Kavala) tsibiri ne a cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a tsakiyar Afirka . Tana da hasken wuta a ƙarshen karni na {{Cvt|1|km}}. {{Sfn|''Encyclopaedia Britannica''|1894}} The London Missionary Society ta kafa wata manufa a can a 1882, ta koma daga Ujiji, ta zama Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Tsakiya.{{Sfn|Garvey|1994}} Tsibirin yana da kimanin kilomita 6 (3.7 kuma kimanin kilomita 1 (0.62 mi) daga yammacin Tekun Tanganyika. Yana da mallakar [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). == Manazarta == r7j57o8in6904tmm5pi19k6odk9x6xt 840743 840741 2026-05-28T04:45:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 840743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsibirin Kavala''' (Île Kavala) tsibiri ne a cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a tsakiyar Afirka . Tana da hasken wuta a ƙarshen karni na {{Cvt|1|km}}. {{Sfn|''Encyclopaedia Britannica''|1894}} The London Missionary Society ta kafa wata manufa a can a 1882, ta koma daga Ujiji, ta zama Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Tsakiya.{{Sfn|Garvey|1994}} Tsibirin yana da kimanin kilomita 6 (3.7 kuma kimanin kilomita 1 (0.62 mi) daga yammacin Tekun Tanganyika. Yana da mallakar [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). == Manazarta == p0k5z7phnp25ojt8twqtgn1oz08brlj 0 152411 840742 2026-05-28T04:45:24Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1273596902|May Meqa]]" 840742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sai Meqa''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa arewa don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Weri'i da Tekezé . [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangaren mita 40 a kowace kilomita. Mayu Meqa yana canza sunaye tare da hanya: bangare na sama, a Miheno ana kiransa May Tsahli, bangare na tsakiya a Addi Werho May Meqa, kuma bangare na ƙasa, kusa da bakin May Mugda. Bakin yana da mita 50 kawai daga saman ruwa daga Tinsehe waterfall == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi duk da haka ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A kan wasu gangaren da ke da tsawo, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x |s2cid=98547102}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙari don kafa ma'aunin kula da halittu (tsire-tsire na itace) a cikin kogin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reubens |first=Bert |last2=Moeremans |first2=Clara |last3=Poesen |first3=Jean |last4=Nyssen |first4=Jan |last5=Tewoldeberhan |first5=Sarah |last6=Franzel |first6=Steve |last7=Deckers |first7=Jozef |last8=Orwa |first8=Caleb |last9=Muys |first9=Bart |date=2011-07-01 |title=Tree species selection for land rehabilitation in Ethiopia: from fragmented knowledge to an integrated multi-criteria decision approach |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-011-9381-8 |journal=Agroforestry Systems |language=en |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=303–330 |doi=10.1007/s10457-011-9381-8 |issn=1572-9680 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyoyin tafiya a fadin da kuma tare da wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public GPS Traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl}}</ref> Trek '''23''' ya bi kogin a kan mafi yawan tsawonsa. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na Habasha == Manazarta == l4dfvud30hi2t8y9mug6073lv1ied5d 840744 840742 2026-05-28T04:45:54Z Engineer014 44591 840744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sai Meqa''' wani kogi ne na kwarin Nilu . Tana tasowa a cikin tsaunuka na Dogu'a Tembien a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tana gudana zuwa arewa don zama babu komai a ƙarshe a cikin Kogin Weri'i da Tekezé . [[Fayil:DT_drainage.jpg|thumb|Kogin a cikin hanyar ruwa ta radial na Dogu'a Tembien]] == Halaye == Kogin ne mai ƙuntataccen lokaci, wanda ke ke [[Menander|yawo]] a cikin ƙanƙanin rafi, tare da matsakaicin gangaren mita 40 a kowace kilomita. Mayu Meqa yana canza sunaye tare da hanya: bangare na sama, a Miheno ana kiransa May Tsahli, bangare na tsakiya a Addi Werho May Meqa, kuma bangare na ƙasa, kusa da bakin May Mugda. Bakin yana da mita 50 kawai daga saman ruwa daga Tinsehe waterfall == Ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa == Runoff galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (wanda ake kira [[ambaliyar ruwa]]). Wadannan suna da alaƙa da yanayin da ke da tsawo, sau da yawa ƙananan ciyayi da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Mafi girman irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sau da yawa suna da sau 50 zuwa 100 mafi girma fiye da yadda ya gabata. Girman ambaliyar ruwa a cikin wannan kogi duk da haka ya ragu saboda tsoma baki a cikin tafkin. A kan wasu gangaren da ke da tsawo, an kafa shinge; tsire-tsire masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen shiga, karancin ambaliyar ruwa da ingantaccen tushe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Descheemaeker |first=K. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Runoff on slopes with restoring vegetation: A case study from the Tigray highlands, Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=331 |issue=1–2 |pages=219–241 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin kiyayewa na jiki kamar su dutse<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=Jan |last2=Poesen |first2=Jean |last3=Gebremichael |first3=Desta |last4=Vancampenhout |first4=Karen |last5=d'Aes |first5=Margo |last6=Yihdego |first6=Gebremedhin |last7=Govers |first7=Gerard |last8=Leirs |first8=Herwig |last9=Moeyersons |first9=Jan |last10=Naudts |first10=Jozef |last11=Haregeweyn |first11=Nigussie |last12=Haile |first12=Mitiku |last13=Deckers |first13=Jozef |date=2007 |title=Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/378900 |journal=Soil and Tillage Research |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=151–163 |doi=10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gebeyehu Taye and colleagues |date=2015 |title=Evolution of the effectiveness of stone bunds and trenches in reducing runoff and soil loss in the semi-arid Ethiopian highlands. |journal=Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=477–493 |doi=10.1127/zfg/2015/0166}}</ref> da kuma duba madatsun ruwa suma suna tsayar da runoff.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyssen |first=J. |last2=Veyret-Picot |first2=M. |last3=Poesen |first3=J. |last4=Moeyersons |first4=J. |last5=Haile |first5=Mitiku |last6=Deckers |first6=J. |last7=Govers |first7=G. |date=2004 |title=The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. |journal=Soil Use and Management |volume=20 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x |s2cid=98547102}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etefa Guyassa and colleagues |date=2017 |title=Effects of check dams on runoff characteristics along gully reaches, the case of Northern Ethiopia. |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8518957 |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=545 |issue=1 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.12.019 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙari don kafa ma'aunin kula da halittu (tsire-tsire na itace) a cikin kogin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reubens |first=Bert |last2=Moeremans |first2=Clara |last3=Poesen |first3=Jean |last4=Nyssen |first4=Jan |last5=Tewoldeberhan |first5=Sarah |last6=Franzel |first6=Steve |last7=Deckers |first7=Jozef |last8=Orwa |first8=Caleb |last9=Muys |first9=Bart |date=2011-07-01 |title=Tree species selection for land rehabilitation in Ethiopia: from fragmented knowledge to an integrated multi-criteria decision approach |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-011-9381-8 |journal=Agroforestry Systems |language=en |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=303–330 |doi=10.1007/s10457-011-9381-8 |issn=1572-9680 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Duwatsu da duwatsu a cikin kogin == Duwatsu da duwatsu da aka haɗu da su a cikin kogin na iya samo asali ne daga kowane wuri mafi girma a cikin tafkin. A cikin mafi girman tsawo na kogin, kawai raguwar dutse na saman lithological raka'a za su kasance a cikin kogin, yayin da mafi ƙanƙanta mutum na iya samun cikakkiyar cakuda duk lithologies da kogin ya haye. Daga sama zuwa ƙasa, waɗannan rukunin lithological masu zuwa suna faruwa a cikin tafkin. * Ƙananan basalt * [[Tsarin Amba Aradam]] * Antalo Limestone * Quaternary ruwa mai laushi tufa <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moeyersons |first=J. and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions. |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=230 |issue=1–2 |pages=162–178 |bibcode=2006PPP...230..165M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013}}</ref> == Tafiya a gefen kogi == An kafa hanyoyin tafiya a fadin da kuma tare da wannan kogi. Ba a yi waƙoƙin alama a ƙasa amma ana iya bin su ta amfani da saukewa. Fayilolin GPX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public GPS Traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/traces/tag/nyssen-jacob-frankl}}</ref> Trek '''23''' ya bi kogin a kan mafi yawan tsawonsa. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na Habasha == Manazarta == 6x6n0vumfm3834y8jd1npla1zhgjv8y 0 152412 840745 2026-05-28T04:46:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348925969|MV Liemba]]" 840745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MV ''Liemba''''', tsohon '''''Graf Goetzen''''' ko '''''Graf von Goetzen''''', fasinja ne da jirgin ruwa wanda ke gudana a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited na Tanzania <ref>{{Cite web |title=MV. Liemba |url=http://mscltz.com/preview_012.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707145010/http://mscltz.com/preview_012.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2015 |access-date=26 June 2011 |website=Vessels |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited}}</ref> yana dauke da ita, tare da tsayawa da yawa don karɓar fasinjoji, tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kigoma, Tanzania da Mpulungu, Zambia. An gina ''Graf von Goetzen'' a 1913 a [[Jamus]], kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin jirage uku da Daular Jamus ta yi amfani da su don sarrafa Tafkin Tanganyika a farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] . Kyaftin dinta ya rushe ta a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1916 a Katabe Bay a lokacin da Jamus ta janye daga Kigoma . A cikin 1924, ƙungiyar ceto ta Royal Navy ta Burtaniya ta tashe ta kuma a cikin 1927 ta koma aiki a matsayin ''Liemba'' . ''Liemba'' ita ce jirgi na karshe na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Jamus har yanzu tana aiki a ko'ina cikin duniya. An yi imanin ''''Liemba'''' shine wahayi ga jirgin ruwa na Jamus ''Luisa'' a cikin littafin C. S. Forester na 1935 The African Queen, da kuma fim din John Huston na 1951. Jirgin ya fito ne a cikin jerin tafiye-tafiye na gidan talabijin na BBC na 1992 Pole to Pole . Indican Pictures da Breadbox Productions <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indican Pictures |url=https://www.indicanpictures.com/ |website=Indican Pictures}}</ref> sun fitar da wani shirin a kan jirgin a cikin 2010, Liemba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breadbox Productions |url=http://www.breadboxproductions.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517002536/http://breadboxproductions.com/ |archive-date=2014-05-17 |access-date=2014-08-22 |website=www.breadboxproductions.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LIEMBA &#124; An award-winning documentary film |url=http://www.liemba.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630030055/http://www.liemba.org/ |archive-date=2020-06-30 |access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Graf_Geoetzen_Modell.JPG|right|thumb|Misali a [[Hamburg]] na ''Goetzen'' kamar yadda aka gina shi da farko]] Filin Jirgin Ruwa na Meyer-Werft da ke Papenburg, Jamus, ya gina ''Goetzen'' a shekarar 1913 kuma ya sanya mata suna bayan Count Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen, tsohon gwamnan [[Jamus Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin Afirka na Jamus]].<ref name="meyer">{{Cite web |title=Graf Goetzen |url=http://www.meyerwerft.de/en/meyerwerft_de/werft/unternehmensgeschichte/graf_goetzen/graf_goetzen.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610171509/http://www.meyerwerft.de/en/meyerwerft_de/werft/unternehmensgeschichte/graf_goetzen/graf_goetzen.jsp |archive-date=2016-06-10 |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Meyerwerft.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Von Clemens Höges |date=2010-04-19 |title=Kolonialgeschichte - SPIEGEL ONLINE |url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/7501/ritt_auf_dem_kanonenboot.html |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Einestages.spiegel.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-06 |title=E R L E B N I S : Die lange Reise der "Graf Goetzen" &#124; ZEIT ONLINE |url=http://www.zeit.de/2001/37/200137_kreuzfahrt.afrik.xml |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Welt.de}}</ref> An tsara ''Goetzen'' don yin aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwa na fasinja da kaya tare da ''Ostafrikanische Eisenbahngesellschaft'' ( [[East African Railway Company|Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Gabashin Afirka]] ). Bayan taron farko an raba ''Goetzen'' kuma an tura shi cikin akwatuna 5000 da aka ɗora a kan jiragen ruwa uku zuwa [[Dar es Salaam]] a Gabashin Afirka ta Jamus (Burundi na zamani, Rwanda da Tanganyika (babban ɓangaren Tanzania na yanzu)). Daga can jiragen kasa na Mittellandbahn ("Central Line") sun ɗauki akwatunan zuwa Kigoma. An sake gina ta a can a shekara ta 1914 kuma an kaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1915. Asalin jirgin yana da ɗakuna bakwai na farko (gidan gado guda ɗaya & gado na sofa) da ɗakuna biyar na biyu (gidan gada biyu), da kuma ɗakunan cin abinci na farko da na biyu da ɗakunan shan sigari. Injin ya kunshi farkon bututun ruwa guda biyu don tururi don Injinan fadada sau uku tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin {{Convert|250|ihp}} da aka nuna a kowane injiniya. Har ila yau, tana da kankara na carbonic da sanyaya a cikin ajiyar sanyi mai sanyi tare da damar {{Convert|3|kg|lb}} na kankara a kowace awa, da kuma hasken wuta da tsarin iska. An tsara jirgin ne don ma'aikatan mutane 64 (maza 60 da jami'ai hudu). === Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya === [[Fayil:Ms_goetzen.jpg|right|thumb|SS ''Goetzen'' 1915]] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Jamusawa sun mayar da ''Goetzen'' zuwa wani jirgin yaƙi mai taimako a ƙarƙashin sunan SMS ''Goetzen'' . Sun ba ta {{Convert|10.5|cm|in|0}} bindiga daga jirgin ruwa mai sauƙi SMS Königsberg, wacce aka yi mata kaca-kaca sakamakon Yaƙin Rufiji Delta . Ta kuma sami maki {{Convert|8.8|cm|in|0}} bindiga, ɗaya daga cikin biyu da ''Königsberg'' ya fito da su daga Jamus don ɗaukar makamai idan damar ta taso. A ƙarshe, jirgin binciken [[:de:Möwe (Schiff, 1907)|SMS ''Möwe'']] ya ba da gudummawar jiragen ruwa guda biyu 37.&nbsp;bindigogin bindiga na Hotchkiss {{'}} makaman ''Goetzen'' . Jamusawa sun nada Oberleutnant zur See Siebel kyaftin din ''Goetzen'' . A karkashin umurninsa ''Goetzen'' da farko ya ba da cikakken iko ga Jamusawa a kan Tafkin Tanganyika. Ta kai kaya da ma'aikata a fadin tafkin tsakanin Kigoma da Bismarckburg (yanzu Kasanga, Tanzania), ta ceci sojoji daga tafiya ta makonni biyu, kuma ta samar da tushe daga inda za a kaddamar da hare-hare na mamaki a kan sojojin Allied. Saboda haka ya zama dole ga sojojin Allied su sami iko da tafkin da kansu. 5ivp1etfyz885l4u8jzdihi18edqoky 840746 840745 2026-05-28T04:47:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MV ''Liemba''''', tsohon '''''Graf Goetzen''''' ko '''''Graf von Goetzen''''', fasinja ne da jirgin ruwa wanda ke gudana a gabashin Tekun Tanganyika . Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited na Tanzania <ref>{{Cite web |title=MV. Liemba |url=http://mscltz.com/preview_012.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707145010/http://mscltz.com/preview_012.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2015 |access-date=26 June 2011 |website=Vessels |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited}}</ref> yana dauke da ita, tare da tsayawa da yawa don karɓar fasinjoji, tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kigoma, Tanzania da Mpulungu, Zambia. An gina ''Graf von Goetzen'' a 1913 a [[Jamus]], kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin jirage uku da Daular Jamus ta yi amfani da su don sarrafa Tafkin Tanganyika a farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] . Kyaftin dinta ya rushe ta a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1916 a Katabe Bay a lokacin da Jamus ta janye daga Kigoma . A cikin 1924, ƙungiyar ceto ta Royal Navy ta Burtaniya ta tashe ta kuma a cikin 1927 ta koma aiki a matsayin ''Liemba'' . ''Liemba'' ita ce jirgi na karshe na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Jamus har yanzu tana aiki a ko'ina cikin duniya. An yi imanin ''''Liemba'''' shine wahayi ga jirgin ruwa na Jamus ''Luisa'' a cikin littafin C. S. Forester na 1935 The African Queen, da kuma fim din John Huston na 1951. Jirgin ya fito ne a cikin jerin tafiye-tafiye na gidan talabijin na BBC na 1992 Pole to Pole . Indican Pictures da Breadbox Productions <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indican Pictures |url=https://www.indicanpictures.com/ |website=Indican Pictures}}</ref> sun fitar da wani shirin a kan jirgin a cikin 2010, Liemba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breadbox Productions |url=http://www.breadboxproductions.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517002536/http://breadboxproductions.com/ |archive-date=2014-05-17 |access-date=2014-08-22 |website=www.breadboxproductions.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LIEMBA &#124; An award-winning documentary film |url=http://www.liemba.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630030055/http://www.liemba.org/ |archive-date=2020-06-30 |access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin Farko === [[Fayil:Graf_Geoetzen_Modell.JPG|right|thumb|Misali a [[Hamburg]] na ''Goetzen'' kamar yadda aka gina shi da farko]] Filin Jirgin Ruwa na Meyer-Werft da ke Papenburg, Jamus, ya gina ''Goetzen'' a shekarar 1913 kuma ya sanya mata suna bayan Count Gustav Adolf Graf von Götzen, tsohon gwamnan [[Jamus Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin Afirka na Jamus]].<ref name="meyer">{{Cite web |title=Graf Goetzen |url=http://www.meyerwerft.de/en/meyerwerft_de/werft/unternehmensgeschichte/graf_goetzen/graf_goetzen.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610171509/http://www.meyerwerft.de/en/meyerwerft_de/werft/unternehmensgeschichte/graf_goetzen/graf_goetzen.jsp |archive-date=2016-06-10 |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Meyerwerft.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Von Clemens Höges |date=2010-04-19 |title=Kolonialgeschichte - SPIEGEL ONLINE |url=http://einestages.spiegel.de/static/topicalbumbackground/7501/ritt_auf_dem_kanonenboot.html |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Einestages.spiegel.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-06 |title=E R L E B N I S : Die lange Reise der "Graf Goetzen" &#124; ZEIT ONLINE |url=http://www.zeit.de/2001/37/200137_kreuzfahrt.afrik.xml |access-date=2016-05-27 |website=Welt.de}}</ref> An tsara ''Goetzen'' don yin aiki a matsayin jirgin ruwa na fasinja da kaya tare da ''Ostafrikanische Eisenbahngesellschaft'' ( [[East African Railway Company|Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Gabashin Afirka]] ). Bayan taron farko an raba ''Goetzen'' kuma an tura shi cikin akwatuna 5000 da aka ɗora a kan jiragen ruwa uku zuwa [[Dar es Salaam]] a Gabashin Afirka ta Jamus (Burundi na zamani, Rwanda da Tanganyika (babban ɓangaren Tanzania na yanzu)). Daga can jiragen kasa na Mittellandbahn ("Central Line") sun ɗauki akwatunan zuwa Kigoma. An sake gina ta a can a shekara ta 1914 kuma an kaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1915. Asalin jirgin yana da ɗakuna bakwai na farko (gidan gado guda ɗaya & gado na sofa) da ɗakuna biyar na biyu (gidan gada biyu), da kuma ɗakunan cin abinci na farko da na biyu da ɗakunan shan sigari. Injin ya kunshi farkon bututun ruwa guda biyu don tururi don Injinan fadada sau uku tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin {{Convert|250|ihp}} da aka nuna a kowane injiniya. Har ila yau, tana da kankara na carbonic da sanyaya a cikin ajiyar sanyi mai sanyi tare da damar {{Convert|3|kg|lb}} na kankara a kowace awa, da kuma hasken wuta da tsarin iska. An tsara jirgin ne don ma'aikatan mutane 64 (maza 60 da jami'ai hudu). === Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya === [[Fayil:Ms_goetzen.jpg|right|thumb|SS ''Goetzen'' 1915]] A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Jamusawa sun mayar da ''Goetzen'' zuwa wani jirgin yaƙi mai taimako a ƙarƙashin sunan SMS ''Goetzen'' . Sun ba ta {{Convert|10.5|cm|in|0}} bindiga daga jirgin ruwa mai sauƙi SMS Königsberg, wacce aka yi mata kaca-kaca sakamakon Yaƙin Rufiji Delta . Ta kuma sami maki {{Convert|8.8|cm|in|0}} bindiga, ɗaya daga cikin biyu da ''Königsberg'' ya fito da su daga Jamus don ɗaukar makamai idan damar ta taso. A ƙarshe, jirgin binciken [[:de:Möwe (Schiff, 1907)|SMS ''Möwe'']] ya ba da gudummawar jiragen ruwa guda biyu 37.&nbsp;bindigogin bindiga na Hotchkiss {{'}} makaman ''Goetzen'' . Jamusawa sun nada Oberleutnant zur See Siebel kyaftin din ''Goetzen'' . A karkashin umurninsa ''Goetzen'' da farko ya ba da cikakken iko ga Jamusawa a kan Tafkin Tanganyika. Ta kai kaya da ma'aikata a fadin tafkin tsakanin Kigoma da Bismarckburg (yanzu Kasanga, Tanzania), ta ceci sojoji daga tafiya ta makonni biyu, kuma ta samar da tushe daga inda za a kaddamar da hare-hare na mamaki a kan sojojin Allied. Saboda haka ya zama dole ga sojojin Allied su sami iko da tafkin da kansu. == Manazarta == agqltjb2rykmn99y64fmjw3a064fagb 0 152413 840747 2026-05-28T04:48:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356267942|Lualaba River]]" 840747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lualaba_River_DRC.svg|thumb|Kogin Lualaba, a ja]] '''Kogin Lualaba''' ( French , Kongo , Swahili ) yana gudana gaba ɗaya a cikin gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] . Yana samar da mafi girman kwararar ruwa zuwa [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], yayin da tushen Kongo ana ɗaukarsa [[Kogin Chambeshi|Chambeshi]] . Lualaba yana da {{Convert|1800|km|mi}} tsayi. Tushenta yana cikin kusurwar kudu maso gabashin ƙasar kusa da Musofi da [[Lubumbashi]] a [[Lardin Katanga]], kusa da [[Zambiya]] Copperbelt. == Hanyar da ake ciki == Tushen kogin Lualaba yana kan tudun Katanga, wanda tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|1400|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Kogin yana gudana zuwa arewa zuwa ƙarshe kusa da [[Kisangani]], inda sunan [[Kogin Congo]] ya fara a hukumance. Daga tudun Katanga yana faɗuwa, tare da magudanan ruwa da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke nuna saukowa, zuwa tudun Manika. Yayin da yake saukowa ta saman Upemba Depression (Kamalondo Trough), {{Convert|457|m|ft}} a cikin {{Convert|72|km|mi}} . Kusa da magudanar ruwa ta Nzilo, an rufe ta don samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a madatsar ruwa ta Nzilo . A Bukama a cikin Gundumar Haut-Lomami kogin ya zama mai tafiya na kimanin kilomita 640 (400 ta hanyar jerin tabkuna masu santsi a cikin ƙananan Upemba Depression, gami da Tafkin Upemba da Tafkin Kisale. Ankoro yana kan iyakar yammacin Kogin Lualaba, a gaban haɗuwa da Kogin Luvua daga gabas. Wasu masu ilimin ƙasa suna kiran kogin da aka haɗu a ƙasa da wannan batu "Upper Congo". A ƙasa da Kongolo, kogin ya zama wanda ba za a iya tafiya ba yayin da ya shiga cikin ƙanƙanin ƙofar Portes d'Enfer (Gates of Hell). Tsakanin Kasongo da Kibombo, kogin yana iya tafiya kusan kilomita 100 (62 , kafin rapids ya sake sa shi ba zai iya tafiya ba tsakanin Kibombo da Kindu (''Port-Empain''). Daga Kindu har zuwa Boyoma Falls a Ubundu, rafin yana iya sake tafiya sama da kilomita 300. Boyoma Falls ko Stanley Falls sun ƙunshi magudanan ruwa guda bakwai, a kan tsawon kilomita 100 (62 na kogi, tsakanin Ubundu da [[Kisangani]]. An yi alama da ƙarshen kogin bayan ruwa na bakwai, kusa da Kisangani, inda ya zama Kogin Kongo. Kogin Lualaba yana aiki a matsayin iyakar arewa da yammacin Upemba National Park, yana kare wuraren zama a kan Kibara Plateau a Lardin Katanga na kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. === Haraji === Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin Kogin Lualaba sune: * Kogin Ulindi * [[Kogin Luama]] * Kogin Lukuga - yana zubar da Tafkin Tanganyika. * [[Kogin Lufira]] * [[Kogin Lubudi (Tsarin Lualaba)|Kogin Lubudi]] * Kogin Luvua * [[Kogin Elila]] * Lowa * Kogin Kilungutwe === Birane da garuruwa === [[Fayil:Stanley's_Congo.jpg|thumb|Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] Birane da garuruwa tare da kusa da Kogin Lualaba sun hada da: * Ankoro - ''a bakin yamma, a gaban haɗuwa da Kogin Luvua''. * Bukama * Kabalo * Kasongo * Kongolo * [[Kisangani]] - kusa da karo na bakwai na Boyoma Falls . * Ubundu - ''kawai sama da cataract na farko na Boyoma Falls''. == Tarihi == An taɓa ɗaukar Kogin Lualaba a matsayin tushen yiwuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], har sai Henry Morton Stanley ya yi tafiya a ciki kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ya shiga cikin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}, Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}</ref> Stanley ya kira shi Livingstone . "Da Livingstone bai yi magana game da kogin a [[Nyangwe]] a matsayin Lualaba ba, bai kamata in ambaci kalmar ba sai dai a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa ta Waguha na kalmar Wenya Lu-al-ow-wa..."<ref name="Stanley" /> == Manazarta == mcc5qmhbphl4iahy03eqojrpttrzfq5 840748 840747 2026-05-28T04:48:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 840748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lualaba_River_DRC.svg|thumb|Kogin Lualaba, a ja]] '''Kogin Lualaba''' ( French , Kongo , Swahili ) yana gudana gaba ɗaya a cikin gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] . Yana samar da mafi girman kwararar ruwa zuwa [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], yayin da tushen Kongo ana ɗaukarsa [[Kogin Chambeshi|Chambeshi]] . Lualaba yana da {{Convert|1800|km|mi}} tsayi. Tushenta yana cikin kusurwar kudu maso gabashin ƙasar kusa da Musofi da [[Lubumbashi]] a [[Lardin Katanga]], kusa da [[Zambiya]] Copperbelt. == Hanyar da ake ciki == Tushen kogin Lualaba yana kan tudun Katanga, wanda tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|1400|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Kogin yana gudana zuwa arewa zuwa ƙarshe kusa da [[Kisangani]], inda sunan [[Kogin Congo]] ya fara a hukumance. Daga tudun Katanga yana faɗuwa, tare da magudanan ruwa da raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke nuna saukowa, zuwa tudun Manika. Yayin da yake saukowa ta saman Upemba Depression (Kamalondo Trough), {{Convert|457|m|ft}} a cikin {{Convert|72|km|mi}} . Kusa da magudanar ruwa ta Nzilo, an rufe ta don samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a madatsar ruwa ta Nzilo . A Bukama a cikin Gundumar Haut-Lomami kogin ya zama mai tafiya na kimanin kilomita 640 (400 ta hanyar jerin tabkuna masu santsi a cikin ƙananan Upemba Depression, gami da Tafkin Upemba da Tafkin Kisale. Ankoro yana kan iyakar yammacin Kogin Lualaba, a gaban haɗuwa da Kogin Luvua daga gabas. Wasu masu ilimin ƙasa suna kiran kogin da aka haɗu a ƙasa da wannan batu "Upper Congo". A ƙasa da Kongolo, kogin ya zama wanda ba za a iya tafiya ba yayin da ya shiga cikin ƙanƙanin ƙofar Portes d'Enfer (Gates of Hell). Tsakanin Kasongo da Kibombo, kogin yana iya tafiya kusan kilomita 100 (62 , kafin rapids ya sake sa shi ba zai iya tafiya ba tsakanin Kibombo da Kindu (''Port-Empain''). Daga Kindu har zuwa Boyoma Falls a Ubundu, rafin yana iya sake tafiya sama da kilomita 300. Boyoma Falls ko Stanley Falls sun ƙunshi magudanan ruwa guda bakwai, a kan tsawon kilomita 100 (62 na kogi, tsakanin Ubundu da [[Kisangani]]. An yi alama da ƙarshen kogin bayan ruwa na bakwai, kusa da Kisangani, inda ya zama Kogin Kongo. Kogin Lualaba yana aiki a matsayin iyakar arewa da yammacin Upemba National Park, yana kare wuraren zama a kan Kibara Plateau a Lardin Katanga na kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. === Haraji === Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin Kogin Lualaba sune: * Kogin Ulindi * [[Kogin Luama]] * Kogin Lukuga - yana zubar da Tafkin Tanganyika. * [[Kogin Lufira]] * [[Kogin Lubudi (Tsarin Lualaba)|Kogin Lubudi]] * Kogin Luvua * [[Kogin Elila]] * Lowa * Kogin Kilungutwe === Birane da garuruwa === [[Fayil:Stanley's_Congo.jpg|thumb|Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] Birane da garuruwa tare da kusa da Kogin Lualaba sun hada da: * Ankoro - ''a bakin yamma, a gaban haɗuwa da Kogin Luvua''. * Bukama * Kabalo * Kasongo * Kongolo * [[Kisangani]] - kusa da karo na bakwai na Boyoma Falls . * Ubundu - ''kawai sama da cataract na farko na Boyoma Falls''. == Tarihi == An taɓa ɗaukar Kogin Lualaba a matsayin tushen yiwuwar [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], har sai Henry Morton Stanley ya yi tafiya a ciki kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ya shiga cikin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}, Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}</ref> Stanley ya kira shi Livingstone . "Da Livingstone bai yi magana game da kogin a [[Nyangwe]] a matsayin Lualaba ba, bai kamata in ambaci kalmar ba sai dai a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa ta Waguha na kalmar Wenya Lu-al-ow-wa..."<ref name="Stanley" /> == Manazarta == bscie3xwwv7og5ipurkvvn8vmr80w40 0 152414 840749 2026-05-28T04:48:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352037109|Mahale Mountains]]" 840749 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:MahaleMtsNP_ETM+_2001-10-01.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Dutsen Mahale a cikin Mahale Mountains National Park, tare da iyakokin wurin shakatawa an tsara su da rawaya.]] '''Duwatsun Mahale''' tsaunuka ne a cikin Gundumar Uvinza ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Duwatsun suna kan gabar gabashin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]]. Sun tashi zuwa mita 2,462 (8,077 zuwa Dutsen Nkungwe, mafi girman Uvinza.<ref>Fitzpatrick, Mary (2012-04-26). "Tanzania's Mahale Mountains National Park". BBC. Retrieved 2023-12-16.</ref> Yankin ya kasance gidan kakannin Mutanen Holoholo. A halin yanzu yankin wuri ne mai kariya na namun daji, Mahale Mountains National Park, wanda ke dauke da chimpanzees da [[Zaki|zakuna]]. == Holoholo == Sun kasance ƙasar gargajiya ta Mutanen Holoholo, kafin a sake su a cikin 1970s don ƙirƙirar Mahale Mountains National Park. == Manazarta == taq072mk1bzwpbfq7sd8hy6sfw2kckp 840750 840749 2026-05-28T04:49:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 840750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:MahaleMtsNP_ETM+_2001-10-01.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Dutsen Mahale a cikin Mahale Mountains National Park, tare da iyakokin wurin shakatawa an tsara su da rawaya.]] '''Duwatsun Mahale''' tsaunuka ne a cikin Gundumar Uvinza ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Duwatsun suna kan gabar gabashin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]]. Sun tashi zuwa mita 2,462 (8,077 zuwa Dutsen Nkungwe, mafi girman Uvinza.<ref>Fitzpatrick, Mary (2012-04-26). "Tanzania's Mahale Mountains National Park". BBC. Retrieved 2023-12-16.</ref> Yankin ya kasance gidan kakannin Mutanen Holoholo. A halin yanzu yankin wuri ne mai kariya na namun daji, Mahale Mountains National Park, wanda ke dauke da chimpanzees da [[Zaki|zakuna]]. == Holoholo == Sun kasance ƙasar gargajiya ta Mutanen Holoholo, kafin a sake su a cikin 1970s don ƙirƙirar Mahale Mountains National Park. == Manazarta == f197fykt8ha9v7l3ixabeox43zpsgj7 0 152415 840751 2026-05-28T04:49:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319150220|Marungu highlands]]" 840751 wikitext text/x-wiki Yankunan Marungu suna cikin Lardin Tanganyika na [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], zuwa yammacin rabin kudancin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Kogin Mulobozi]] ya raba tsaunuka, wanda ke gudana cikin tafkin a arewacin Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Moba. Yankin arewa ya kai tsawo na mita 2,100 (6,900 yayin da ɓangaren kudancin ya kai mita 2,460 (8,070 . Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana kusa da millimeters 1,200 (47 in), galibi yana faɗuwa tsakanin Oktoba da Afrilu.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Ƙasa tana da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya kai daga filin Marungu a ƙarƙashin kudancin tafkin Tanganyika, yana raba shi zuwa cikin Albertville da Zongwe. Ramin Zongwe yana riƙe da mafi zurfi na tafkin, a mita 1,470 (4,820 a ƙasa da matakin tafkin na yanzu. Alluvial cones daga koguna da ke zubar da Marungu Plateau suna nan a ƙarƙashin ramin Zongwe, kuma akwai kwari da yawa masu kama da V a ƙasa da matakin tafkin. Wadannan fasalulluka sun nuna cewa a lokacin Quaternary (shekaru miliyan 2.588 da suka gabata zuwa yanzu) matakin tafkin ya bambanta sosai, a wasu lokuta yana da ƙasa da yanzu.{{Sfn|Clark|1969}} Mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley ya lura da wannan fasalin lokacin da ya ziyarci yankin a cikin tafiyarsa ta 1874-77. Ya rubuta, "Kirungwé Point ya bayyana a matsayin tudu mai kumbura, ya yanke kai tsaye zuwa zurfin da ba a sani ba. Akwai dalilan da za a yi imani da cewa wannan tudun ya taɓa zama tsawo na tsaunin Marungu, kamar yadda duwatsu suke iri ɗaya, kuma bangarorin biyu na tafkin suna nuna irin wannan sakamako na raguwar kwatsam ba tare da rikicewar ɓangarorin ba. "{{Sfn|Stanley|1890}} == Muhalli == Sassan da suka fi girma na tsaunuka sune gandun daji na Miombo, tare da tsire-tsire masu tsayi a kan gangaren da wasu gandun daji masu yawa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, da kuma ragowar gandun daji tare da raƙuman. Tsire-tsire na gandun daji sun haɗa da ''Parinari excelsa'', ''Teclea nobilis'', ''Polyscias fulva'', ''Ficus Storthophylla'' da ''[[Turrea holstii]]'' a cikin kwari, da ''Syzygium cordatum'', ''Ficalhoa laurifolia'' da ''Ilex mitis'' ta ruwa.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} ''[[Hyperolius nasicus]]'' karamin itace ne, mai laushi tare da hanci mai ma'ana, sanannen memba ne na ƙungiyar ''Hyperolius nasutus'' mai rikitarwa. An san shi ne kawai daga irin yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka na Marungu a Kasiki, a mita 2,300 (7,500 . {{Sfn|Hyperolius nasicus Laurent}} Tsuntsu na Prigogine (''Cinnyris prigoginei'') ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin gandun daji na wannan yankin.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Ana samun tsuntsaye a cikin 'yan yankuna ne kawai na gandun daji. An rubuta shi daga Kasiki, Kogin Lufoko, Matafali, Pande da Sambwe.{{Sfn|Mann|Cheke|2010}} Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 25 a Zaire (daga 1,086 a duka) waɗanda aka yi la'akari da barazana a cikin 1990.{{Sfn|Stuart|Adams|Jenkins|1990}} == Rahotanni na farko == An samo kayan aikin dutse na prehistoric, facies tare da ƙananan fuska, a yankin tun daga farkon Pleistocene (sama da shekaru 780,000 da suka gabata) zuwa zamanin [[Holocene]] na yanzu. A wannan lokacin yanayin ya sauya sau da yawa tsakanin busasshiyar ko rabin busasshiwar da ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Giresse|2007}} Mai binciken Ingila Richard Francis Burton ya ziyarci yankin a 1857-59. A wannan lokacin Marungu na ɗaya daga cikin tushen bayi da Larabawa suka tattara kuma suka kai su babbar kasuwar bayi a Ujiji.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} Watuta a baya sun kwace ƙasar kuma kusan sun shafe shanu na mazauna.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} Wani dan kasuwa daga Oman wanda ya zauna a yankin na tsawon watanni biyar ya gaya wa Burton cewa an raba shi zuwa larduna uku daban-daban. Akwai Marungu a arewa, Karungu a tsakiya da Urungu a kudu. Burton ya kuma ji labarin Yammacin Marungu, wanda ya rabu da gabas ta Kogin Runangwa. Burton ya kasance mai shakku game da sunan, wanda ya yi tunanin zai fi na tseren fiye da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} == Manazarta == 8jrqv71jlib3wdk0wcbbvypev2jqpzd 840752 840751 2026-05-28T04:50:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 840752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yankunan Marungu suna cikin Lardin Tanganyika na [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], zuwa yammacin rabin kudancin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]]. == Wurin da yake == [[Kogin Mulobozi]] ya raba tsaunuka, wanda ke gudana cikin tafkin a arewacin Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Moba. Yankin arewa ya kai tsawo na mita 2,100 (6,900 yayin da ɓangaren kudancin ya kai mita 2,460 (8,070 . Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana kusa da millimeters 1,200 (47 in), galibi yana faɗuwa tsakanin Oktoba da Afrilu.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Ƙasa tana da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya kai daga filin Marungu a ƙarƙashin kudancin tafkin Tanganyika, yana raba shi zuwa cikin Albertville da Zongwe. Ramin Zongwe yana riƙe da mafi zurfi na tafkin, a mita 1,470 (4,820 a ƙasa da matakin tafkin na yanzu. Alluvial cones daga koguna da ke zubar da Marungu Plateau suna nan a ƙarƙashin ramin Zongwe, kuma akwai kwari da yawa masu kama da V a ƙasa da matakin tafkin. Wadannan fasalulluka sun nuna cewa a lokacin Quaternary (shekaru miliyan 2.588 da suka gabata zuwa yanzu) matakin tafkin ya bambanta sosai, a wasu lokuta yana da ƙasa da yanzu.{{Sfn|Clark|1969}} Mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley ya lura da wannan fasalin lokacin da ya ziyarci yankin a cikin tafiyarsa ta 1874-77. Ya rubuta, "Kirungwé Point ya bayyana a matsayin tudu mai kumbura, ya yanke kai tsaye zuwa zurfin da ba a sani ba. Akwai dalilan da za a yi imani da cewa wannan tudun ya taɓa zama tsawo na tsaunin Marungu, kamar yadda duwatsu suke iri ɗaya, kuma bangarorin biyu na tafkin suna nuna irin wannan sakamako na raguwar kwatsam ba tare da rikicewar ɓangarorin ba. "{{Sfn|Stanley|1890}} == Muhalli == Sassan da suka fi girma na tsaunuka sune gandun daji na Miombo, tare da tsire-tsire masu tsayi a kan gangaren da wasu gandun daji masu yawa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, da kuma ragowar gandun daji tare da raƙuman. Tsire-tsire na gandun daji sun haɗa da ''Parinari excelsa'', ''Teclea nobilis'', ''Polyscias fulva'', ''Ficus Storthophylla'' da ''[[Turrea holstii]]'' a cikin kwari, da ''Syzygium cordatum'', ''Ficalhoa laurifolia'' da ''Ilex mitis'' ta ruwa.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} ''[[Hyperolius nasicus]]'' karamin itace ne, mai laushi tare da hanci mai ma'ana, sanannen memba ne na ƙungiyar ''Hyperolius nasutus'' mai rikitarwa. An san shi ne kawai daga irin yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka na Marungu a Kasiki, a mita 2,300 (7,500 . {{Sfn|Hyperolius nasicus Laurent}} Tsuntsu na Prigogine (''Cinnyris prigoginei'') ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin gandun daji na wannan yankin.{{Sfn|Marungu highlands}} Ana samun tsuntsaye a cikin 'yan yankuna ne kawai na gandun daji. An rubuta shi daga Kasiki, Kogin Lufoko, Matafali, Pande da Sambwe.{{Sfn|Mann|Cheke|2010}} Yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 25 a Zaire (daga 1,086 a duka) waɗanda aka yi la'akari da barazana a cikin 1990.{{Sfn|Stuart|Adams|Jenkins|1990}} == Rahotanni na farko == An samo kayan aikin dutse na prehistoric, facies tare da ƙananan fuska, a yankin tun daga farkon Pleistocene (sama da shekaru 780,000 da suka gabata) zuwa zamanin [[Holocene]] na yanzu. A wannan lokacin yanayin ya sauya sau da yawa tsakanin busasshiyar ko rabin busasshiwar da ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Giresse|2007}} Mai binciken Ingila Richard Francis Burton ya ziyarci yankin a 1857-59. A wannan lokacin Marungu na ɗaya daga cikin tushen bayi da Larabawa suka tattara kuma suka kai su babbar kasuwar bayi a Ujiji.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} Watuta a baya sun kwace ƙasar kuma kusan sun shafe shanu na mazauna.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} Wani dan kasuwa daga Oman wanda ya zauna a yankin na tsawon watanni biyar ya gaya wa Burton cewa an raba shi zuwa larduna uku daban-daban. Akwai Marungu a arewa, Karungu a tsakiya da Urungu a kudu. Burton ya kuma ji labarin Yammacin Marungu, wanda ya rabu da gabas ta Kogin Runangwa. Burton ya kasance mai shakku game da sunan, wanda ya yi tunanin zai fi na tseren fiye da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Burton|1859}} == Manazarta == ljzfuggw1yor9f90hbvdkolx3eqg43h 0 152416 840753 2026-05-28T04:51:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353973110|HMS Mimi and HMS Toutou]]" 840753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''HMS ''Mimi''''' da '''HMS ''Toutou''''' sun kasance motoci na Royal Navy. Bayan sun yi tafiya mai ban mamaki daga Burtaniya zuwa [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a cikin Afirka, jiragen ruwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gwagwarmayar sojan ruwa ta Afirka tsakanin Burtaniya da Jamus a lokacin ''Katin'' duniya na farko. Sunayen suna nufin ''Meow'' da ''Fido'' a cikin harshen Paris. Da farko kwamandan su, Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ne ya kira su Dog da Cat, sai kawai don a ƙi sunayen da Admiralty ya yi fushi. == Tafiya zuwa Tanganyika == [[Fayil:British_motorboat_expedition_1915.jpg|thumb|Kimanin hanyar ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' a kan ƙasa zuwa Tafkin Tanganyika (Yuli-Oktoba 1915).]] Daga ƙarshe jiragen ruwan da aka sanya wa suna ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' ana gina su ne a Yaduddukan Thornycroft da ke kan Thames a farkon yaƙin. Da farko an ba da umarnin sojojin Girka, Admiralty ne ya buƙaci jiragen ruwan don biyan buƙatun wani shiri na ƙirƙirar rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Afirka. ''Mimi'' da 'yar uwarta HMS ''Toutou'' suna da tsawon {{Convert|40|ft|m}} kuma zai iya tafiya har zuwa {{Convert|19|kn}} da guda biyu {{Convert|100|hp}} a kowace awa injinan mai da aka makala a kan sukurori biyu. Wannan zai sa jiragen ruwan su fi sauri a Tafkin Tanganyika lokacin da suka isa daga ƙarshe. Turawan Birtaniya sun ba su makamai da bindiga mai nauyin fam 3 a gaba da kuma bindigar Maxim a baya. Duk da cewa an gano cewa firam ɗin jiragen ruwan ba za su iya jure koma bayan jirgin mai nauyin fam 3 ba idan ba a harba shi gaba ɗaya ba, ana fatan cewa rawar da jirgin ke takawa mai ban mamaki zai rage wannan iyaka. An yi gwaji a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1915, kuma a tsakiyar watan an cika su a cikin jirgin ruwa da aka shirya don Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu. Jiragen ruwa sun kasance cibiyar balaguro wanda burinsa shine cimma burin sojan ruwa a cikin mahimman hanyoyin Lake Tanganyika. Shugaban tafiyar shi ne jami'in sojan ruwa mai suna Spicer-Simson. A farkon watan Yuli sun isa Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka ɗora jiragen a kan jirgin kasa da ke kan hanyar zuwa [[Lubumbashi|Elisabethville]] a Belgian Congo, kuma a ƙarshe ƙauyen Fungurume, inda layin ya ƙare. A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, an sauke jiragen ruwa da kayan aiki kuma balaguron ya shirya don shiga cikin daji. Ya ɗauki kusan wata daya da rabi don tafiya mil 100 ko fiye daga Fungurume zuwa [[Sankisia]], hanyar jirgin ƙasa don Hanyar jirgin kasa mai ƙanƙanta. Yankin da ke tsakanin ya kasance dutse kuma ya karye, yana buƙatar gina gadoji 150 a kan rafi da gorges daban-daban. Wannan motsi ya cika ta hanyar ƙarfin ma'aikatan tururi guda biyu, shanu da yawa, da daruruwan 'yan Afirka da aka yi amfani da su don balaguron. A wasu lokuta, har ma wannan bai isa ba, kuma an haɓaka tsarin winching mai rikitarwa don haɓaka jiragen ruwa a kan mafi girman tuddai. Ko da bayan da aka kai hanyar jirgin kasa, matsalolin sun ci gaba, saboda har yanzu akwai kimanin kilomita 500 da za a je. Kogunan da Spicer-Simson ya dogara da su don kewayawa sun zama kusan bushewa: dole ne a ɗaga jiragen ruwa a kan barel rafts don iyo, har ma a lokacin dole ne a ɗauka sau da yawa. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, balaguron da ya gaji ya isa Tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 26 ga Oktoba. == Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa == An ƙaddamar da ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' a ƙarshen Disamba, kuma a ranar 26 ga Disamba sun sami aikin su na farko. An ga jirgin ruwa na Jamus ''Kingani'', kuma "ƙungiyar" ta ba da mafita. A cikin jagorancin tsari shine ''Mimi'', wanda Spicer-Simson ya umarce shi. Bayan sun guje wa gobarar Jamus ta farko, ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' sun bude wuta da tsakar rana, daga ƙarshe sun soke jikin ''Kingani'' a ƙarƙashin layin ruwa. Tare da ruwa yana shigowa kuma kwamandan ya mutu, jirgin Jamus ya buga launuka. ''Mimi'' ta buge ta yayin da take shirin shiga jirgi, kuma lalacewar da ta haifar ta yi barazanar nutsewa; ta sami nasarar guduwa a kan tudu kafin ta nutse. ''Kingani'' ya yi tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a karkashin kula, kuma da zarar an gyara shi, an sake masa suna {{HMS|Fifi||2}} kuma an kara shi ga sojojin Burtaniya. Birtaniya sun sami damar su ta biyu a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1916. A wannan lokacin abokin hamayyar Jamus shine jirgin yaki Hedwig von Wissmann . ''Fifi'', yanzu flagship na Spicer-Simson, da ''Mimi'', wanda Sub-Lieutenant A E Wainwright ya umarce shi, sun bi shi. ''Fifi'' da ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' sun dace daidai don sauri, kuma saboda tasirin gani na musamman a tafkin, zagaye na ''Fifi'' ya ci gaba da tafiya da yawa daga alamar. Ba tare da la'akari da umarni don zama a baya ba, Wainwright ya yi amfani da saurin ''Mimi'' kuma ya zo gaba don tayar da bayan jirgin Jamus. Don yin yaƙi da baya, ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' dole ne ya juya don kawo manyan bindigoginta; lokacin da wannan ya faru ''Mimi'' za ta guje wa kuma ''Fifi'' za ta iya rufe iyakarta. A ƙarshe, ''Fifi'' ya zira kwallaye kai tsaye kuma ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' ya nutse. Don wannan aikin, an ba Wainwright lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross. Kodayake har yanzu akwai jiragen ruwa na Jamus a tafkin (musamman ''[[MV Liemba|Graf von Götzen]]'', dauke da bindiga mai ban tsoro daga Jirgin ruwa na Königsberg), Spicer-Simson ya koma baya zuwa dabarun taka tsantsan, yana hana kansa goyon baya mara inganci ga yakin basasa. ''Mimi'' ba za ta shiga cikin wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na tafkin ba. A bayyane aka fitar da ita kuma ta rushe a cikin shekarun 1920.<ref name="Patience">{{Cite web |last=Patience |first=Kevin |title=The Naval Africa Expedition 1915 |url=http://www.nhcra-online.org/20c/africa15.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106134444/http://www.nhcra-online.org/20c/africa15.htm |archive-date=6 January 2009 |access-date=11 November 2007}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4nh0hulluw42pw2r6jvps4kheprng32 840754 840753 2026-05-28T04:51:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''HMS ''Mimi''''' da '''HMS ''Toutou''''' sun kasance motoci na Royal Navy. Bayan sun yi tafiya mai ban mamaki daga Burtaniya zuwa [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a cikin Afirka, jiragen ruwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin gwagwarmayar sojan ruwa ta Afirka tsakanin Burtaniya da Jamus a lokacin ''Katin'' duniya na farko. Sunayen suna nufin ''Meow'' da ''Fido'' a cikin harshen Paris. Da farko kwamandan su, Geoffrey Spicer-Simson ne ya kira su Dog da Cat, sai kawai don a ƙi sunayen da Admiralty ya yi fushi. == Tafiya zuwa Tanganyika == [[Fayil:British_motorboat_expedition_1915.jpg|thumb|Kimanin hanyar ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' a kan ƙasa zuwa Tafkin Tanganyika (Yuli-Oktoba 1915).]] Daga ƙarshe jiragen ruwan da aka sanya wa suna ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' ana gina su ne a Yaduddukan Thornycroft da ke kan Thames a farkon yaƙin. Da farko an ba da umarnin sojojin Girka, Admiralty ne ya buƙaci jiragen ruwan don biyan buƙatun wani shiri na ƙirƙirar rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Afirka. ''Mimi'' da 'yar uwarta HMS ''Toutou'' suna da tsawon {{Convert|40|ft|m}} kuma zai iya tafiya har zuwa {{Convert|19|kn}} da guda biyu {{Convert|100|hp}} a kowace awa injinan mai da aka makala a kan sukurori biyu. Wannan zai sa jiragen ruwan su fi sauri a Tafkin Tanganyika lokacin da suka isa daga ƙarshe. Turawan Birtaniya sun ba su makamai da bindiga mai nauyin fam 3 a gaba da kuma bindigar Maxim a baya. Duk da cewa an gano cewa firam ɗin jiragen ruwan ba za su iya jure koma bayan jirgin mai nauyin fam 3 ba idan ba a harba shi gaba ɗaya ba, ana fatan cewa rawar da jirgin ke takawa mai ban mamaki zai rage wannan iyaka. An yi gwaji a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1915, kuma a tsakiyar watan an cika su a cikin jirgin ruwa da aka shirya don Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu. Jiragen ruwa sun kasance cibiyar balaguro wanda burinsa shine cimma burin sojan ruwa a cikin mahimman hanyoyin Lake Tanganyika. Shugaban tafiyar shi ne jami'in sojan ruwa mai suna Spicer-Simson. A farkon watan Yuli sun isa Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka ɗora jiragen a kan jirgin kasa da ke kan hanyar zuwa [[Lubumbashi|Elisabethville]] a Belgian Congo, kuma a ƙarshe ƙauyen Fungurume, inda layin ya ƙare. A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, an sauke jiragen ruwa da kayan aiki kuma balaguron ya shirya don shiga cikin daji. Ya ɗauki kusan wata daya da rabi don tafiya mil 100 ko fiye daga Fungurume zuwa [[Sankisia]], hanyar jirgin ƙasa don Hanyar jirgin kasa mai ƙanƙanta. Yankin da ke tsakanin ya kasance dutse kuma ya karye, yana buƙatar gina gadoji 150 a kan rafi da gorges daban-daban. Wannan motsi ya cika ta hanyar ƙarfin ma'aikatan tururi guda biyu, shanu da yawa, da daruruwan 'yan Afirka da aka yi amfani da su don balaguron. A wasu lokuta, har ma wannan bai isa ba, kuma an haɓaka tsarin winching mai rikitarwa don haɓaka jiragen ruwa a kan mafi girman tuddai. Ko da bayan da aka kai hanyar jirgin kasa, matsalolin sun ci gaba, saboda har yanzu akwai kimanin kilomita 500 da za a je. Kogunan da Spicer-Simson ya dogara da su don kewayawa sun zama kusan bushewa: dole ne a ɗaga jiragen ruwa a kan barel rafts don iyo, har ma a lokacin dole ne a ɗauka sau da yawa. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, balaguron da ya gaji ya isa Tafkin Tanganyika a ranar 26 ga Oktoba. == Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa == An ƙaddamar da ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' a ƙarshen Disamba, kuma a ranar 26 ga Disamba sun sami aikin su na farko. An ga jirgin ruwa na Jamus ''Kingani'', kuma "ƙungiyar" ta ba da mafita. A cikin jagorancin tsari shine ''Mimi'', wanda Spicer-Simson ya umarce shi. Bayan sun guje wa gobarar Jamus ta farko, ''Mimi'' da ''Toutou'' sun bude wuta da tsakar rana, daga ƙarshe sun soke jikin ''Kingani'' a ƙarƙashin layin ruwa. Tare da ruwa yana shigowa kuma kwamandan ya mutu, jirgin Jamus ya buga launuka. ''Mimi'' ta buge ta yayin da take shirin shiga jirgi, kuma lalacewar da ta haifar ta yi barazanar nutsewa; ta sami nasarar guduwa a kan tudu kafin ta nutse. ''Kingani'' ya yi tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a karkashin kula, kuma da zarar an gyara shi, an sake masa suna {{HMS|Fifi||2}} kuma an kara shi ga sojojin Burtaniya. Birtaniya sun sami damar su ta biyu a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 1916. A wannan lokacin abokin hamayyar Jamus shine jirgin yaki Hedwig von Wissmann . ''Fifi'', yanzu flagship na Spicer-Simson, da ''Mimi'', wanda Sub-Lieutenant A E Wainwright ya umarce shi, sun bi shi. ''Fifi'' da ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' sun dace daidai don sauri, kuma saboda tasirin gani na musamman a tafkin, zagaye na ''Fifi'' ya ci gaba da tafiya da yawa daga alamar. Ba tare da la'akari da umarni don zama a baya ba, Wainwright ya yi amfani da saurin ''Mimi'' kuma ya zo gaba don tayar da bayan jirgin Jamus. Don yin yaƙi da baya, ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' dole ne ya juya don kawo manyan bindigoginta; lokacin da wannan ya faru ''Mimi'' za ta guje wa kuma ''Fifi'' za ta iya rufe iyakarta. A ƙarshe, ''Fifi'' ya zira kwallaye kai tsaye kuma ''Hedwig von Wissmann'' ya nutse. Don wannan aikin, an ba Wainwright lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross. Kodayake har yanzu akwai jiragen ruwa na Jamus a tafkin (musamman ''[[MV Liemba|Graf von Götzen]]'', dauke da bindiga mai ban tsoro daga Jirgin ruwa na Königsberg), Spicer-Simson ya koma baya zuwa dabarun taka tsantsan, yana hana kansa goyon baya mara inganci ga yakin basasa. ''Mimi'' ba za ta shiga cikin wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na tafkin ba. A bayyane aka fitar da ita kuma ta rushe a cikin shekarun 1920.<ref name="Patience">{{Cite web |last=Patience |first=Kevin |title=The Naval Africa Expedition 1915 |url=http://www.nhcra-online.org/20c/africa15.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106134444/http://www.nhcra-online.org/20c/africa15.htm |archive-date=6 January 2009 |access-date=11 November 2007}}</ref> == Manazarta == q2y1mr4nz4xlo65kcvuhl5yq05lasa6 0 152417 840755 2026-05-28T04:51:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318770521|Mitumba Mountains]]" 840755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Duwatsun Mitumba''' sun shimfiɗa tare da kwarin Yammacin Rift a Gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Kongo (DRC)]] , yammacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]]. Manyan tsaunuka guda biyu, Dutsen Kahuzi (3,308 m) da [[Mount Biéga|Dutsen Biéga]] (2,790 m) tsaunuka ne masu fashewa. Yankin arewacin kewayon kuma an san shi da Dutsen Itombwe ko Itombwe Plateau.<ref>Moeyersons, Jan & Trefois, Philippe & Nahimana, Louis & Ilunga, L. & Vandecasteele, Ine & Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant & Sadiki, S.. (2009). River and landslide dynamics on the western Tanganyika rift border, Uvira, D.R. Congo: Diachronic observations and a GIS inventory of traces of extreme geomorphologic activity. Natural Hazards. 53. 291-311. 10.1007/s11069-009-9430-z.</ref> == Muhalli == Yawancin tsaunuka suna cikin yankin gandun daji na Albertine Rift. A ƙananan tsaunuka, gandun daji na tsaunuka suna canzawa zuwa gandun daji mai laushi a ƙarshen arewacin kewayon, zuwa gandun dajin-savanna mosaic a tsakiyar ɓangaren kewayon. ''Gambeya gorungosana'' da Syzygium guineense sune bishiyoyi na asali ko tsofaffin gandun daji. ''[[Macaranga kilimandscharica]], [[Neoboutonia macrocalyx]]'', da ''Xymalos monospora'' itatuwa ne na musamman na gandun daji na biyu, wanda ke sake girma a wuraren da iska ko tashin hankali na mutum ya share. == Yankunan da aka kare == Gidan shakatawa na Kahuzi-Biéga ya rufe wani ɓangare na duwatsu, gami da duwatsun Kahuzi da Biéga. == Manazarta == nbwmo99gvmtolfv3cjl9js88lkf5vcd 840756 840755 2026-05-28T04:52:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 840756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Duwatsun Mitumba''' sun shimfiɗa tare da kwarin Yammacin Rift a Gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Kongo (DRC)]] , yammacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]]. Manyan tsaunuka guda biyu, Dutsen Kahuzi (3,308 m) da [[Mount Biéga|Dutsen Biéga]] (2,790 m) tsaunuka ne masu fashewa. Yankin arewacin kewayon kuma an san shi da Dutsen Itombwe ko Itombwe Plateau.<ref>Moeyersons, Jan & Trefois, Philippe & Nahimana, Louis & Ilunga, L. & Vandecasteele, Ine & Byizigiro, Rutazuyaza Vaillant & Sadiki, S.. (2009). River and landslide dynamics on the western Tanganyika rift border, Uvira, D.R. Congo: Diachronic observations and a GIS inventory of traces of extreme geomorphologic activity. Natural Hazards. 53. 291-311. 10.1007/s11069-009-9430-z.</ref> == Muhalli == Yawancin tsaunuka suna cikin yankin gandun daji na Albertine Rift. A ƙananan tsaunuka, gandun daji na tsaunuka suna canzawa zuwa gandun daji mai laushi a ƙarshen arewacin kewayon, zuwa gandun dajin-savanna mosaic a tsakiyar ɓangaren kewayon. ''Gambeya gorungosana'' da Syzygium guineense sune bishiyoyi na asali ko tsofaffin gandun daji. ''[[Macaranga kilimandscharica]], [[Neoboutonia macrocalyx]]'', da ''Xymalos monospora'' itatuwa ne na musamman na gandun daji na biyu, wanda ke sake girma a wuraren da iska ko tashin hankali na mutum ya share. == Yankunan da aka kare == Gidan shakatawa na Kahuzi-Biéga ya rufe wani ɓangare na duwatsu, gami da duwatsun Kahuzi da Biéga. == Manazarta == qht885t63vomll7n1wz52m6h8dsh5mj 0 152418 840757 2026-05-28T04:52:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334787366|MV Mwongozo]]" 840757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MV ''Mwongozo''''' jirgin fasinja ne da kaya a kan [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] wanda Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited ke sarrafawa. Tana iya ɗaukar fasinjoji 800 da tan 80 na kaya. Gidan ta ya haɗa da wuraren barci masu budewa, ɗakunan mutum da kuma gidan cin abinci na fasinja. Tana iya ɗaukar motoci da ƙananan manyan motoci a kan bene na gaba. ''Mwongozo'' yawanci yana tafiya a kowace rana tsakanin Kigoma da [[Bujumbura]]. Tafiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 14. Wani jirgin ruwa na MSC na Lake Tanganyika, MV Liemba, yana aiki da hanyar zuwa Zambia. == Tarihi == Kamfanin [[Finland|Finnish]] ne ya gina ''Mwongozo'' don Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Tanzania. Hanyar ta asali ita ce hanyar dawowa ta mako-mako daga [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]] zuwa Mpulungu, [[Zambiya|Zambia]], tana kira a Kigoma, Tanzania da ƙananan ƙauyuka daban-daban a bakin tekun Tanzaniya. A shekara ta 1997 UNHCR ta yi amfani da ''Mwongozo'' da ''Liemba'' don jigilar 'yan gudun hijira sama da 75,000, waɗanda suka tsere daga Zaire a lokacin [[Yaƙin Kongo na farko]], zuwa ƙasarsu bayan juyin mulkin kama-karya na dogon lokaci Mobutu Sese Seko. Har ila yau, a cikin 1997, sashen jigilar kayayyaki na TRC ya zama kamfani daban, Kamfanin Ayyukan Ruwa Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Home |url=http://mscltz.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |access-date=26 June 2011 |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited}}</ref> Rashin kwanciyar hankali a yankin a farkon shekarun 2000 ya haifar da karuwar fashin teku a tafkin Tanganyika. A shekarun 2001 da 2002, 'yan fashin teku sun kai wa ''Mwongozo'' hari sau biyu, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar asarar dubban daloli ga fasinjoji da kuma barna mai yawa a cikin jirgin, wanda ya bukaci gyara sosai. An dakatar da zirga-zirga tsakanin Kigoma da Bujumbura na tsawon shekara guda bayan harin na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mgamba |first=Richard |date= |title=Unknown |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/14072003/Regional/Regional35.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092717/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/14072003/Regional/Regional35.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date= |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rwambali |first=Faustine |title=Unknown |url=http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/20072004/Regional/RegionalNews2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015352/http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/20072004/Regional/RegionalNews2.html |archive-date=2007-09-30 |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == aov770s31h1viduk33wf074wzb9v1v1 840758 840757 2026-05-28T04:53:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 840758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MV ''Mwongozo''''' jirgin fasinja ne da kaya a kan [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] wanda Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited ke sarrafawa. Tana iya ɗaukar fasinjoji 800 da tan 80 na kaya. Gidan ta ya haɗa da wuraren barci masu budewa, ɗakunan mutum da kuma gidan cin abinci na fasinja. Tana iya ɗaukar motoci da ƙananan manyan motoci a kan bene na gaba. ''Mwongozo'' yawanci yana tafiya a kowace rana tsakanin Kigoma da [[Bujumbura]]. Tafiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 14. Wani jirgin ruwa na MSC na Lake Tanganyika, MV Liemba, yana aiki da hanyar zuwa Zambia. == Tarihi == Kamfanin [[Finland|Finnish]] ne ya gina ''Mwongozo'' don Kamfanin Jirgin Kasa na Tanzania. Hanyar ta asali ita ce hanyar dawowa ta mako-mako daga [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]] zuwa Mpulungu, [[Zambiya|Zambia]], tana kira a Kigoma, Tanzania da ƙananan ƙauyuka daban-daban a bakin tekun Tanzaniya. A shekara ta 1997 UNHCR ta yi amfani da ''Mwongozo'' da ''Liemba'' don jigilar 'yan gudun hijira sama da 75,000, waɗanda suka tsere daga Zaire a lokacin [[Yaƙin Kongo na farko]], zuwa ƙasarsu bayan juyin mulkin kama-karya na dogon lokaci Mobutu Sese Seko. Har ila yau, a cikin 1997, sashen jigilar kayayyaki na TRC ya zama kamfani daban, Kamfanin Ayyukan Ruwa Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Home |url=http://mscltz.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |access-date=26 June 2011 |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited}}</ref> Rashin kwanciyar hankali a yankin a farkon shekarun 2000 ya haifar da karuwar fashin teku a tafkin Tanganyika. A shekarun 2001 da 2002, 'yan fashin teku sun kai wa ''Mwongozo'' hari sau biyu, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar asarar dubban daloli ga fasinjoji da kuma barna mai yawa a cikin jirgin, wanda ya bukaci gyara sosai. An dakatar da zirga-zirga tsakanin Kigoma da Bujumbura na tsawon shekara guda bayan harin na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mgamba |first=Richard |date= |title=Unknown |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/14072003/Regional/Regional35.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092717/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/14072003/Regional/Regional35.html |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date= |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rwambali |first=Faustine |title=Unknown |url=http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/20072004/Regional/RegionalNews2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015352/http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/20072004/Regional/RegionalNews2.html |archive-date=2007-09-30 |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8ejibottdycostpkexjpdm8fxp5xdvt 0 152419 840759 2026-05-28T04:53:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291462111|Ndagala]]" 840759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndagala''' (Burundi) ko '''Daaga''' (Tanzania) sune sunayen da aka ba nau'ikan ƙananan kifi guda biyu na iyalin Clupeidae (wanda ya haɗa da Sardines da Shads), waɗanda ake samu ne kawai a Tafkin Tanganyika.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Limnothrissa miodon babban nau'in ne, yawanci 10-12 centimeters (3.9-4.7 in) tsawo, zooplanktonophagous, tare da halin bakin teku. Yana rayuwa kusan shekaru biyu. Ana kiranta "Lumpu" a Burundi da Isambaza a Rwanda. Stolothrissa tanganicae ƙananan nau'o'i ne, yawanci 6-8 centimeters (2.4-3.1 in) tsawo, planktivorous, wanda ake kira Ndagala harshen Swahili, kuma yana rayuwa a waje. Yana rayuwa na shekara daya zuwa daya da rabi.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Kodayake an haramta kamun kifi na nau'ikan biyu, a aikace yana ci gaba.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Ana kama Ndagala duk shekara, kuma suna da muhimmiyar ɓangare na abincin mutanen yankin.{{Sfn|Les Poissons du Lac Tanganyika}} == Manazarta == 61oll4jib3jrd1wd3fenpo9p9zkuhkh 840760 840759 2026-05-28T04:53:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 840760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ndagala''' (Burundi) ko '''Daaga''' (Tanzania) sune sunayen da aka ba nau'ikan ƙananan kifi guda biyu na iyalin Clupeidae (wanda ya haɗa da Sardines da Shads), waɗanda ake samu ne kawai a Tafkin Tanganyika.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Limnothrissa miodon babban nau'in ne, yawanci 10-12 centimeters (3.9-4.7 in) tsawo, zooplanktonophagous, tare da halin bakin teku. Yana rayuwa kusan shekaru biyu. Ana kiranta "Lumpu" a Burundi da Isambaza a Rwanda. Stolothrissa tanganicae ƙananan nau'o'i ne, yawanci 6-8 centimeters (2.4-3.1 in) tsawo, planktivorous, wanda ake kira Ndagala harshen Swahili, kuma yana rayuwa a waje. Yana rayuwa na shekara daya zuwa daya da rabi.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Kodayake an haramta kamun kifi na nau'ikan biyu, a aikace yana ci gaba.{{Sfn|Collart|1989}} Ana kama Ndagala duk shekara, kuma suna da muhimmiyar ɓangare na abincin mutanen yankin.{{Sfn|Les Poissons du Lac Tanganyika}} == Manazarta == f604ryixx8akout082y1rx8cdiewb8n 0 152420 840761 2026-05-28T04:54:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343400648|Nsumbu National Park]]" 840761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan shakatawa na N'''Sumbu'''''' (wanda ake kira Sumbu) yana kan iyakar yammacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] kusa da iyakar kudancinsa, a Lardin Arewa [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Ya mamaye kimanin kilomita ² kuma yana da kusan kilomita 80 na bakin tafkin ciki har da bayu huɗu (Kasaba, Kala, Nkamba da Sumbu), da Nundo Head Peninsula . &nbsp;&nbsp; == Abubuwan da ke ciki == Akwai gidaje biyu masu aiki a kan Tafkin Tanganyika, Nkamba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkambabaylodge |url=http://www.nkambabaylodge.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229003230/http://www.nkambabaylodge.com/ |archive-date=2008-12-29 |access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> (wani gida na musamman a cikin Nsumbu National Park), da Ndole Bay a arewacin wurin shakatawa. Kasaba Bay Lodge ya rufe a shekara ta 2006. Ya zuwa Maris 2026, har yanzu an rufe shi. Sumbu yana ba da kallon wasan tare da kamun kifi na wasanni a kan tafkin, da kuma kyakkyawan wuri. Yankin tafkin ya haɗa da dutsen dutse, duwatsu masu daidaitawa, rairayin bakin teku, da ruwa mai tsabta, tare da ra'ayoyi ga iyakar gabashin tafkin. An hana yin iyo kamar yadda giwa da hippo suka zama ruwan dare. Nkamba Bay Lodge da ke cikin wurin shakatawa yana ba da motsa jiki, jirgin ruwa, kifi na wasanni, tafiya, hanyoyin dare da safarar jirgin ruwa. Gidan shakatawa yafi kasancewa a cikin yankin gandun daji na Miombo na Tsakiya, amma kuma ya haɗa da ɓangarorin da ba su da yawa kuma suna cikin haɗari kuma kusan ba za a iya shiga ba. Kogin Lufubu ya yanke kwarin mai zurfin mita 300 a kudancin wurin shakatawa amma ana iya samun wannan ne kawai ta hanyar waƙoƙi masu tsauri daga Mbala zuwa kudu maso gabas. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960 Kasaba Bay Lodge ana iya isa ne kawai ta iska, ko jirgin ruwa daga Mpulungu, kuma ana ba da abinci ga masu arziki da baƙi na duniya. Hukumomin Gundumar Mporokoso suna da gidan baƙi mai tawali'u a Sumbu Bay, wanda aka kai ta hanyar dutse daga Mporokuso. A farkon shekarun 1970s an haɗa wannan hanyar zuwa Kasaba Bay Lodge, kuma an gina sabon gidan a Nkamba Bay. A wannan lokacin kuma a cikin shekarun 1970s, an dauki Sumbu a matsayin, tare da Kudancin Luangwa da Kafue, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren shakatawa na Zambia, tare da giwaye da zakuna sun zama ruwan dare. Lambobin wasanni a cikin wurin shakatawa sun ragu a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 saboda rashin gudanarwa wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar rage kamfanin jirgin sama na cikin gida na kasar wanda ke amfani da shi don tashi baƙi zuwa wurin shakatawa. Tsakaninta ta hanyar hanya da kusanci da yaki da rikici a cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]], iyakar ƙasar da ke da nisan kilomita 25 kawai zuwa arewa, ya hana baƙi.&nbsp; === Ranar yanzu === An yi wasu gyare-gyare a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma lambobin wasan suna sake tashi. Frankfurt Zoological Society Zambian ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da DNPW a cikin 2017 don samar da Nsumbu Tanganyika Conservation Project, kuma Craig Zytkow ne ke sarrafawa, ya girma sosai. Samun damar wurin shakatawa ya fi kyau ta hanyar Kasama - Mporokoso - Nsumbu. Hanyar tana da tared har zuwa Mporokoso (kilomita 170) da kuma dutse daga baya (wani kilomita 170). A halin yanzu ana amfani da ɓangaren dutse (farkon 2020) kuma ana inganta shi.&nbsp;&nbsp; Matsayin Tanganyika Angling Challenge a Nkamba da Ndole Bay Lodges a watan Maris ko Afrilu a kowace shekara. == Dabbobi == === Dabbobi masu shayarwa === Kogin Nilu, Hippopotamus, bushbuck, warthog, puku, [[Gwamki|Roan antelope]], sable antelope. Eland, hartebeest, buffalo na Afirka, zebra mai laushi, hyena mai laushi. jackal mai laushi a gefe, Serval, impala, waterbuck, reedbuck, bush elephant (wani lokaci), Zaki na Gabashin Afirka (wani lokaci, leopard (wani lokaci-lokaci), blue duiker (rare), sitatunga (rare). === Tsuntsaye === Flamingo, Skimmer na Afirka, spoonbill, whiskered tern, stork, [[Agwagwa|Duck]], heron, gray-headed gull, karamin baki-backed gull, fararen baki tern, kifi eagle, dabino-nut vulture (wani lokaci), Pel's fish owl (wani lokaci) === Kifi === Kogin Nilu, kifin tigerfish, karat catfish, salmon, ciki mai launin rawaya ko 'nkupi', kifin zinariya (wani lokaci) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a3gd1v6bem7otfkguknho4yjasaysit 840762 840761 2026-05-28T04:55:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 840762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na N'''Sumbu'''''' (wanda ake kira Sumbu) yana kan iyakar yammacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] kusa da iyakar kudancinsa, a Lardin Arewa [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Ya mamaye kimanin kilomita ² kuma yana da kusan kilomita 80 na bakin tafkin ciki har da bayu huɗu (Kasaba, Kala, Nkamba da Sumbu), da Nundo Head Peninsula . &nbsp;&nbsp; == Abubuwan da ke ciki == Akwai gidaje biyu masu aiki a kan Tafkin Tanganyika, Nkamba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkambabaylodge |url=http://www.nkambabaylodge.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229003230/http://www.nkambabaylodge.com/ |archive-date=2008-12-29 |access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> (wani gida na musamman a cikin Nsumbu National Park), da Ndole Bay a arewacin wurin shakatawa. Kasaba Bay Lodge ya rufe a shekara ta 2006. Ya zuwa Maris 2026, har yanzu an rufe shi. Sumbu yana ba da kallon wasan tare da kamun kifi na wasanni a kan tafkin, da kuma kyakkyawan wuri. Yankin tafkin ya haɗa da dutsen dutse, duwatsu masu daidaitawa, rairayin bakin teku, da ruwa mai tsabta, tare da ra'ayoyi ga iyakar gabashin tafkin. An hana yin iyo kamar yadda giwa da hippo suka zama ruwan dare. Nkamba Bay Lodge da ke cikin wurin shakatawa yana ba da motsa jiki, jirgin ruwa, kifi na wasanni, tafiya, hanyoyin dare da safarar jirgin ruwa. Gidan shakatawa yafi kasancewa a cikin yankin gandun daji na Miombo na Tsakiya, amma kuma ya haɗa da ɓangarorin da ba su da yawa kuma suna cikin haɗari kuma kusan ba za a iya shiga ba. Kogin Lufubu ya yanke kwarin mai zurfin mita 300 a kudancin wurin shakatawa amma ana iya samun wannan ne kawai ta hanyar waƙoƙi masu tsauri daga Mbala zuwa kudu maso gabas. Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960 Kasaba Bay Lodge ana iya isa ne kawai ta iska, ko jirgin ruwa daga Mpulungu, kuma ana ba da abinci ga masu arziki da baƙi na duniya. Hukumomin Gundumar Mporokoso suna da gidan baƙi mai tawali'u a Sumbu Bay, wanda aka kai ta hanyar dutse daga Mporokuso. A farkon shekarun 1970s an haɗa wannan hanyar zuwa Kasaba Bay Lodge, kuma an gina sabon gidan a Nkamba Bay. A wannan lokacin kuma a cikin shekarun 1970s, an dauki Sumbu a matsayin, tare da Kudancin Luangwa da Kafue, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren shakatawa na Zambia, tare da giwaye da zakuna sun zama ruwan dare. Lambobin wasanni a cikin wurin shakatawa sun ragu a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 saboda rashin gudanarwa wanda ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar rage kamfanin jirgin sama na cikin gida na kasar wanda ke amfani da shi don tashi baƙi zuwa wurin shakatawa. Tsakaninta ta hanyar hanya da kusanci da yaki da rikici a cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]], iyakar ƙasar da ke da nisan kilomita 25 kawai zuwa arewa, ya hana baƙi.&nbsp; === Ranar yanzu === An yi wasu gyare-gyare a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma lambobin wasan suna sake tashi. Frankfurt Zoological Society Zambian ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da DNPW a cikin 2017 don samar da Nsumbu Tanganyika Conservation Project, kuma Craig Zytkow ne ke sarrafawa, ya girma sosai. Samun damar wurin shakatawa ya fi kyau ta hanyar Kasama - Mporokoso - Nsumbu. Hanyar tana da tared har zuwa Mporokoso (kilomita 170) da kuma dutse daga baya (wani kilomita 170). A halin yanzu ana amfani da ɓangaren dutse (farkon 2020) kuma ana inganta shi.&nbsp;&nbsp; Matsayin Tanganyika Angling Challenge a Nkamba da Ndole Bay Lodges a watan Maris ko Afrilu a kowace shekara. == Dabbobi == === Dabbobi masu shayarwa === Kogin Nilu, Hippopotamus, bushbuck, warthog, puku, [[Gwamki|Roan antelope]], sable antelope. Eland, hartebeest, buffalo na Afirka, zebra mai laushi, hyena mai laushi. jackal mai laushi a gefe, Serval, impala, waterbuck, reedbuck, bush elephant (wani lokaci), Zaki na Gabashin Afirka (wani lokaci, leopard (wani lokaci-lokaci), blue duiker (rare), sitatunga (rare). === Tsuntsaye === Flamingo, Skimmer na Afirka, spoonbill, whiskered tern, stork, [[Agwagwa|Duck]], heron, gray-headed gull, karamin baki-backed gull, fararen baki tern, kifi eagle, dabino-nut vulture (wani lokaci), Pel's fish owl (wani lokaci) === Kifi === Kogin Nilu, kifin tigerfish, karat catfish, salmon, ciki mai launin rawaya ko 'nkupi', kifin zinariya (wani lokaci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] szboxyrkt2jhlmumyf7l4wb59pfrixz 0 152421 840763 2026-05-28T04:56:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319421554|Henry Morton Stanley's first trans-Africa expedition]]" 840763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Henry_Morton_Stanley,_1872.jpg|right|thumb|411x411px|Stanley yana nunawa daga baya (a Landan) tare da Kalulu a cikin "tufa da ya sa" lokacin da ya sami Livingstone.]] Tsakanin 1874 da 1877 Henry Morton Stanley ya yi tafiya a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] daga gabas zuwa yamma, yana bincika Tafkin Victoria, [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da kogin Lualaba da [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. Ya rufe kilomita 7,000 (kilomita 11,000) daga [[Zanzibar]] a gabas zuwa Boma a bakin Kongo a yamma. Binciken ya warware tambayoyin da yawa game da yanayin Afirka ta Tsakiya, gami da gano asalin Nilu, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ba Lualaba ba ne a zahiri shine tushen Kogin Kongo. == Tafiyar Afirka da ta gabata == Wannan shi ne tafiyar Stanley ta biyu a tsakiyar Afirka. A cikin 1871-72 ya nemi kuma ya sami nasarar samun mishan da mai bincike David Livingstone. A cikin wallafe-wallafensa, Stanley ya bayyana gaisuwarsa da sanannun kalmomi: "Dr. Livingstone, ina zaton?", amma rahotonsa a cikin wannan yana da rikici. == Manufofin == Tafiyar Stanley tana da manyan manufofi huɗu, don: # Bincika Tafkin Victoria da koguna masu shigowa da masu fitowa # Bincika [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]] da koguna masu shigowa da masu fitowa # Bincika [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], tantance hanyar kwararar Kogin Ruzizi a arewacin ƙarshen tafkin # Bincika Kogin Lualaba zuwa ga fitowarsa Akwai jayayya tsakanin masu binciken da suka gabata game da ko waɗannan tabkuna da koguna sun haɗa da juna da Kogin Nilu. Richard Burton ya yi tunanin cewa Tafkin Victoria na iya samun hanyar shiga kudu, mai yiwuwa daga Tafkin Albert, ma'ana cewa tushen Nilu ba Tafkin Victoria ba ne kamar yadda mai binciken John Speke ya yi jayayya. Samuel Baker ya yi tunanin cewa Tafkin Albert na iya samun ruwa daga Tafkin Tanganyika. Livingstone ya yi tunanin cewa Lualaba shine tushen Kogin Nilu. == Shirye-shiryen == A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1874, Stanley ya isa [[Zanzibar]]. Ya ɗauki matasan Ingila guda uku, Frederick Barker da 'yan uwan Francis da Edward Pocock, da Kalulu, ɗan Afirka da ya kai Ingila a tafiyarsa ta baya kuma wanda ya sami ilimi a takaice a Ingila. Ya kuma ɗauki fam 60 na zane, waya na jan ƙarfe da beads (Sami Sami) don ciniki, barometer, agogo da chronometers, sextant, compasses, kayan daukar hoto, bindigogin Snider da bindigar giwa (s), da kuma sassan jirgin ruwa mai ƙafa 40 (12 tare da jirgin ruwa guda ɗaya wanda James Messenger ya gina. Ya ba shi suna ''Lady Alice'' bayan budurwarsa. A Zanzibar ya dauki ma'aikatan Afirka zuwa jimlar mutane 230, ciki har da mata 36 da yara maza 10. Ya tattara mutane galibi daga Wangwana, Wanyamwezi da mutanen bakin teku daga [[Mombasa]].<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}, Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}</ref> [[Fayil:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] == Tafkin Albert == [[Fayil:Albert_Edward_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Albert Edward Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] Stanley ya yi niyyar bincika Tafkin Albert na gaba. Koyaya, yaƙin tsakanin Uganda da Wavuma ya tilasta masa ko dai ya "yi watsi da aikin binciken Albert, kuma ya ci gaba nan da nan zuwa Tanganika ... ko kuma ya jira da haƙuri har sai yaƙin ya ƙare. " Bayan yaƙin ya gama da nasarar Uganda, duk da haka, Kabarega, sarkin Bunyoro ya hana tafiyarsa.<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0486256677|<bdi>0486256677</bdi>]], Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0486256685|<bdi>0486256685</bdi>]]</ref> : 233, 238, 346, 349 == Manazarta == 6jf7o5ol69sh1bawux3xja7jdd02gnq 840764 840763 2026-05-28T04:56:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Henry_Morton_Stanley,_1872.jpg|right|thumb|411x411px|Stanley yana nunawa daga baya (a Landan) tare da Kalulu a cikin "tufa da ya sa" lokacin da ya sami Livingstone.]] Tsakanin 1874 da 1877 Henry Morton Stanley ya yi tafiya a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] daga gabas zuwa yamma, yana bincika Tafkin Victoria, [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da kogin Lualaba da [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. Ya rufe kilomita 7,000 (kilomita 11,000) daga [[Zanzibar]] a gabas zuwa Boma a bakin Kongo a yamma. Binciken ya warware tambayoyin da yawa game da yanayin Afirka ta Tsakiya, gami da gano asalin Nilu, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ba Lualaba ba ne a zahiri shine tushen Kogin Kongo. == Tafiyar Afirka da ta gabata == Wannan shi ne tafiyar Stanley ta biyu a tsakiyar Afirka. A cikin 1871-72 ya nemi kuma ya sami nasarar samun mishan da mai bincike David Livingstone. A cikin wallafe-wallafensa, Stanley ya bayyana gaisuwarsa da sanannun kalmomi: "Dr. Livingstone, ina zaton?", amma rahotonsa a cikin wannan yana da rikici. == Manufofin == Tafiyar Stanley tana da manyan manufofi huɗu, don: # Bincika Tafkin Victoria da koguna masu shigowa da masu fitowa # Bincika [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]] da koguna masu shigowa da masu fitowa # Bincika [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], tantance hanyar kwararar Kogin Ruzizi a arewacin ƙarshen tafkin # Bincika Kogin Lualaba zuwa ga fitowarsa Akwai jayayya tsakanin masu binciken da suka gabata game da ko waɗannan tabkuna da koguna sun haɗa da juna da Kogin Nilu. Richard Burton ya yi tunanin cewa Tafkin Victoria na iya samun hanyar shiga kudu, mai yiwuwa daga Tafkin Albert, ma'ana cewa tushen Nilu ba Tafkin Victoria ba ne kamar yadda mai binciken John Speke ya yi jayayya. Samuel Baker ya yi tunanin cewa Tafkin Albert na iya samun ruwa daga Tafkin Tanganyika. Livingstone ya yi tunanin cewa Lualaba shine tushen Kogin Nilu. == Shirye-shiryen == A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1874, Stanley ya isa [[Zanzibar]]. Ya ɗauki matasan Ingila guda uku, Frederick Barker da 'yan uwan Francis da Edward Pocock, da Kalulu, ɗan Afirka da ya kai Ingila a tafiyarsa ta baya kuma wanda ya sami ilimi a takaice a Ingila. Ya kuma ɗauki fam 60 na zane, waya na jan ƙarfe da beads (Sami Sami) don ciniki, barometer, agogo da chronometers, sextant, compasses, kayan daukar hoto, bindigogin Snider da bindigar giwa (s), da kuma sassan jirgin ruwa mai ƙafa 40 (12 tare da jirgin ruwa guda ɗaya wanda James Messenger ya gina. Ya ba shi suna ''Lady Alice'' bayan budurwarsa. A Zanzibar ya dauki ma'aikatan Afirka zuwa jimlar mutane 230, ciki har da mata 36 da yara maza 10. Ya tattara mutane galibi daga Wangwana, Wanyamwezi da mutanen bakin teku daga [[Mombasa]].<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}, Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}</ref> [[Fayil:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] == Tafkin Albert == [[Fayil:Albert_Edward_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Albert Edward Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] Stanley ya yi niyyar bincika Tafkin Albert na gaba. Koyaya, yaƙin tsakanin Uganda da Wavuma ya tilasta masa ko dai ya "yi watsi da aikin binciken Albert, kuma ya ci gaba nan da nan zuwa Tanganika ... ko kuma ya jira da haƙuri har sai yaƙin ya ƙare. " Bayan yaƙin ya gama da nasarar Uganda, duk da haka, Kabarega, sarkin Bunyoro ya hana tafiyarsa.<ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One {{ISBN|0486256677}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0486256677|<bdi>0486256677</bdi>]], Vol. Two {{ISBN|0486256685}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0486256685|<bdi>0486256685</bdi>]]</ref> : 233, 238, 346, 349 == Manazarta == 043ufc3n988j5a2itpms5zs86hwd0dz 0 152422 840765 2026-05-28T04:57:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316560897|Tanzania Ports Authority]]" 840765 wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ('''TPA''') kamfani ne na gwamnati wanda ke aiki a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Infrastructure, wanda ke da alhakin "management da aiki" tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwan na ƙasar Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Front page |url=http://www.infrastructure.go.tz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305023029/http://www.infrastructure.go.tz/ |archive-date=5 March 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009}}</ref> Hedikwatar Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania tana cikin yankin Mchafukoge na Gundumar Ilala a Yankin Dar es Salaam . Yana da memba na Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:MV_Songea.jpg|thumb|MV ''Songea'', mallakar Kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka, yana aiki a Tafkin Nyasa]] === Lokacin mulkin mallaka === Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na farko da aka haɓaka a Gabashin Afirka ta Jamus shine Tashar Tanga da aka haɗa da Usambara Railway a cikin 1883 da Dar es Salaam Port da aka haɗa zuwa Tashar jirgin kasa ta tsakiya ta Tanzania a cikin 1905. Hukumomin jirgin kasa ne ke sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa kai tsaye a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1947 gwamnatin [[Tsaro na Gabashin Afirka|Birtaniya]] ta kafa Kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka. <ref name="tpaprez">{{Cite web |last=Mfuko |first=Julius |title=Overview and Future of Tanzania Ports Authority |url=http://www.pmaesa.org/download/1_s1_julius_mfuko_papc2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224932/http://www.pmaesa.org/download/1_s1_julius_mfuko_papc2010.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=pmaesa.org |publisher=Tanzania Ports Authority}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin ne ta hanyar haɗakar Kenya da Uganda Railways da Harbours tare da Tanganyika Railway da duk tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen mmiri na Tanganyikan. === Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka === Bayan samun 'yancin kai na kasashe na gabashin Afirka kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka ya ci gaba da sauƙaƙa aikinsa a kan layin dogo da tashar jiragen ruwa har zuwa 1967. Bayan 1967 Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta yanke shawarar raba Railways da Harbours Corporation, kuma a cikin 1969 an kafa Kamfanin Harbours na Gabashin Afirka. Kamfanin Harbours na Gabashin Afirka yana da ikon gudanarwa da haɓaka tashar jiragen ruwa a Mombasa da Dar es Salaam . <ref name="wb1">{{Cite web |title=East African Harbors Corporation Appraisal of Port Development Program 1969–1972 |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/07/25/000178830_98101903324162/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=worldbank |publisher=International Bank for Reconstruction and Development}}</ref> Sabon kamfanin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 10 kuma ya daina aiki a 1977 saboda rushewar Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka. Kowace ƙasa ta kafa ƙungiyoyin su. A Tanzania, an kafa Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jirgin Ruwa ta Tanzania.<ref name="pmaesaover">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Ports Authority – Overview |url=http://www.pmaesa.org/members/full/tpa.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016100839/http://www.pmaesa.org/members/full/tpa.htm |archive-date=16 October 2016 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=pmaesa.org |publisher=Port Management Association of East and Southern Africa}}</ref> === Kafa Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania === Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania ta gudanar da ayyukan daga 1977 zuwa 2005. A Tanzania an kafa Hukumar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dokar Tashar jiragen kasa No. 17 na 2004 a matsayin ikon mallakar tashar jiragen ruwa. Dokar ta raba ayyukan ruwa tsakanin yankin Tanzania da [[Zanzibar]] kuma ta ba TPA iko a kan dukkan tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin Tanzania. Dokar ta sanya kamfanin a cikin Parastatal sabili da haka rage ikon gwamnati a kan kamfanin.<ref name="pact2004">{{Cite web |title=The Ports Act, 2004 |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/ports_act_2004_sw.pdf |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=Tanzania Government Portal |publisher=Government of Tanzania}}</ref> === Mallaka da gudanarwa === Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania kamfani ne na Parastatal wanda Gwamnatin Tanzania ke mallakar shi. Kamfanin yana karkashin kulawar kwamitin mambobi 5-8 da shugaban da shugaban da shugaba ya nada. Kungiyar ta zo ne a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ayyuka, Sufuri da Sadarwa kuma ma'aikatun tana da ikon sanya mambobin kwamitin. Kamfanin yana da irin wannan tsarin gudanarwa ga kowane babban kamfani kuma ban da wannan kowane babban tashar jiragen ruwa da tafkin yana da mai kula da ayyukan.<ref name="tpaman">{{Cite web |title=Management |url=http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202&Itemid=216 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=TanzaniaPorts |publisher=Tanzania Ports Authority}}</ref> === Hedikwatar === Babban ofishin Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania yana cikin [[Dar es Salaam Tanzania]] a Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dar es Salaam . A cikin 2015 an kammala ginin a sabon hedkwatar su. Ginin mai hawa 40 a halin yanzu shine gini mafi tsayi a kasar kuma Estim Construction ne ya gina shi. == Tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a Tekun Indiya == Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda uku na TPA sune Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]]; ƙananan tashoshin jirgin ruwa da ke aiki a bakin teku sun haɗa da Lindi, Kilwa Masoko, Tsibirin Mafia, Bagamoyo, Pangani da Kwale. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne kawai a kan ƙasar Tanzania ke ƙarƙashin ikon TPA, [[Zanzibar|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Zanzibar]] da Tashar jiragen mmiri ta Pemba suna gudanar da su daban ta ZanziBar Port Corporation. birn2pxqa40omkwkrqn4klgvyjheivw 840766 840765 2026-05-28T04:58:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 840766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ('''TPA''') kamfani ne na gwamnati wanda ke aiki a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Infrastructure, wanda ke da alhakin "management da aiki" tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen ruwan na ƙasar Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Front page |url=http://www.infrastructure.go.tz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305023029/http://www.infrastructure.go.tz/ |archive-date=5 March 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009}}</ref> Hedikwatar Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania tana cikin yankin Mchafukoge na Gundumar Ilala a Yankin Dar es Salaam . Yana da memba na Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:MV_Songea.jpg|thumb|MV ''Songea'', mallakar Kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka, yana aiki a Tafkin Nyasa]] === Lokacin mulkin mallaka === Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na farko da aka haɓaka a Gabashin Afirka ta Jamus shine Tashar Tanga da aka haɗa da Usambara Railway a cikin 1883 da Dar es Salaam Port da aka haɗa zuwa Tashar jirgin kasa ta tsakiya ta Tanzania a cikin 1905. Hukumomin jirgin kasa ne ke sarrafa tashar jiragen ruwa kai tsaye a duk lokacin mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1947 gwamnatin [[Tsaro na Gabashin Afirka|Birtaniya]] ta kafa Kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka. <ref name="tpaprez">{{Cite web |last=Mfuko |first=Julius |title=Overview and Future of Tanzania Ports Authority |url=http://www.pmaesa.org/download/1_s1_julius_mfuko_papc2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224932/http://www.pmaesa.org/download/1_s1_julius_mfuko_papc2010.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=pmaesa.org |publisher=Tanzania Ports Authority}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin ne ta hanyar haɗakar Kenya da Uganda Railways da Harbours tare da Tanganyika Railway da duk tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen mmiri na Tanganyikan. === Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka === Bayan samun 'yancin kai na kasashe na gabashin Afirka kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka ya ci gaba da sauƙaƙa aikinsa a kan layin dogo da tashar jiragen ruwa har zuwa 1967. Bayan 1967 Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka ta yanke shawarar raba Railways da Harbours Corporation, kuma a cikin 1969 an kafa Kamfanin Harbours na Gabashin Afirka. Kamfanin Harbours na Gabashin Afirka yana da ikon gudanarwa da haɓaka tashar jiragen ruwa a Mombasa da Dar es Salaam . <ref name="wb1">{{Cite web |title=East African Harbors Corporation Appraisal of Port Development Program 1969–1972 |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/07/25/000178830_98101903324162/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=worldbank |publisher=International Bank for Reconstruction and Development}}</ref> Sabon kamfanin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 10 kuma ya daina aiki a 1977 saboda rushewar Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka. Kowace ƙasa ta kafa ƙungiyoyin su. A Tanzania, an kafa Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jirgin Ruwa ta Tanzania.<ref name="pmaesaover">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Ports Authority – Overview |url=http://www.pmaesa.org/members/full/tpa.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016100839/http://www.pmaesa.org/members/full/tpa.htm |archive-date=16 October 2016 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=pmaesa.org |publisher=Port Management Association of East and Southern Africa}}</ref> === Kafa Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania === Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania ta gudanar da ayyukan daga 1977 zuwa 2005. A Tanzania an kafa Hukumar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dokar Tashar jiragen kasa No. 17 na 2004 a matsayin ikon mallakar tashar jiragen ruwa. Dokar ta raba ayyukan ruwa tsakanin yankin Tanzania da [[Zanzibar]] kuma ta ba TPA iko a kan dukkan tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin Tanzania. Dokar ta sanya kamfanin a cikin Parastatal sabili da haka rage ikon gwamnati a kan kamfanin.<ref name="pact2004">{{Cite web |title=The Ports Act, 2004 |url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/ports_act_2004_sw.pdf |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=Tanzania Government Portal |publisher=Government of Tanzania}}</ref> === Mallaka da gudanarwa === Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania kamfani ne na Parastatal wanda Gwamnatin Tanzania ke mallakar shi. Kamfanin yana karkashin kulawar kwamitin mambobi 5-8 da shugaban da shugaban da shugaba ya nada. Kungiyar ta zo ne a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ayyuka, Sufuri da Sadarwa kuma ma'aikatun tana da ikon sanya mambobin kwamitin. Kamfanin yana da irin wannan tsarin gudanarwa ga kowane babban kamfani kuma ban da wannan kowane babban tashar jiragen ruwa da tafkin yana da mai kula da ayyukan.<ref name="tpaman">{{Cite web |title=Management |url=http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202&Itemid=216 |access-date=23 December 2015 |website=TanzaniaPorts |publisher=Tanzania Ports Authority}}</ref> === Hedikwatar === Babban ofishin Hukumar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Tanzania yana cikin [[Dar es Salaam Tanzania]] a Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dar es Salaam . A cikin 2015 an kammala ginin a sabon hedkwatar su. Ginin mai hawa 40 a halin yanzu shine gini mafi tsayi a kasar kuma Estim Construction ne ya gina shi. == Tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a Tekun Indiya == Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda uku na TPA sune Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, da [[Tanga, Tanzaniya|Tanga]]; ƙananan tashoshin jirgin ruwa da ke aiki a bakin teku sun haɗa da Lindi, Kilwa Masoko, Tsibirin Mafia, Bagamoyo, Pangani da Kwale. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne kawai a kan ƙasar Tanzania ke ƙarƙashin ikon TPA, [[Zanzibar|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Zanzibar]] da Tashar jiragen mmiri ta Pemba suna gudanar da su daban ta ZanziBar Port Corporation. m9ogv3r873wzc1lkc8ngi8r03r7iofz 0 152423 840768 2026-05-28T04:58:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340532822|Cape Tembwe]]" 840768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cape Tembwe''' wani yanki ne a yammacin Tekun Tanganyika, a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Cape ya tashi zuwa tudu tare da tsawo na kimanin mita 940 (3,080 , sama da matakin tafkin na mita 773 (2,536 . Mai binciken Scotland Joseph Thomson ya ziyarci yankin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1879. {{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Da yake tafiya zuwa arewa, ya sami karkara mai kyau kuma mutane suna da wadata. Sultan Mpala ya ba shi maraba mai kyau a Lubanda (Mpala). {{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Cape Tembwe yana da kimanin sa'o'i shida a arewacin Mpala.{{Sfn|Davis|2000}} Lokacin da Thomson ya isa Cape ya sami karkara ta lalace saboda tasirin mamayewar bayi da wani shugaban da ake kira [[Lusinga lwa Ng'ombe|Lusinga]] ya yi. Babban ƙauyen da ke Tembwe ya cika da 'yan gudun hijira.{{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Yankin da ke gefen tafkin daga Cape Tembwe kudu zuwa Zambia da kuma cikin ƙasa zuwa cikin Marungu massif yana zaune da Mutanen Tabwa. Arewacin cape mutane suna nuna kansu a matsayin Holoholo . {{Sfn|Davis|2000}} == Manazarta == flcy7wxh4bby4tx696lstghtbefmdzf 840769 840768 2026-05-28T04:59:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 840769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cape Tembwe''' wani yanki ne a yammacin Tekun Tanganyika, a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Cape ya tashi zuwa tudu tare da tsawo na kimanin mita 940 (3,080 , sama da matakin tafkin na mita 773 (2,536 . Mai binciken Scotland Joseph Thomson ya ziyarci yankin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1879. {{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Da yake tafiya zuwa arewa, ya sami karkara mai kyau kuma mutane suna da wadata. Sultan Mpala ya ba shi maraba mai kyau a Lubanda (Mpala). {{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Cape Tembwe yana da kimanin sa'o'i shida a arewacin Mpala.{{Sfn|Davis|2000}} Lokacin da Thomson ya isa Cape ya sami karkara ta lalace saboda tasirin mamayewar bayi da wani shugaban da ake kira [[Lusinga lwa Ng'ombe|Lusinga]] ya yi. Babban ƙauyen da ke Tembwe ya cika da 'yan gudun hijira.{{Sfn|Roberts|2012}} Yankin da ke gefen tafkin daga Cape Tembwe kudu zuwa Zambia da kuma cikin ƙasa zuwa cikin Marungu massif yana zaune da Mutanen Tabwa. Arewacin cape mutane suna nuna kansu a matsayin Holoholo . {{Sfn|Davis|2000}} == Manazarta == 188ol64ktagrxg1btweuarwczy6pfya 0 152424 840770 2026-05-28T05:00:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356451278|Ujiji]]" 840770 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:Burton_and_Speke_Monument_in_Ujiji.jpg|Burton and Speke Monument Fayil:Cine_Atlas_in_Ujiji.jpg|Cine Atlas Fayil:Pan_Africanism_mural_in_Tanzania.jpg|Pan Africanism mural Fayil:Livingstone_Memorial,_Tanzania.jpg|Livingstone Memorial </gallery>Ujiji ita ce birni mafi tsufa a yammacin [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] kuma tana cikin Gundumar Kigoma-Ujiji ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Takwa |first=Esther |date=2023-04-13 |title=Ujiji, a port with historical significance - Daily News |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/ujiji-a-port-with-historical-significance/,%20https://dailynews.co.tz/ujiji-a-port-with-historical-significance/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Asalin mazaunin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] sannan kuma gidan [[Cinikin bayi na Tekun Indiya|Cinikin bayi na Larabawa]] a tsakiyar karni na sha tara a ƙarƙashin Sultanate na Zanzibar, A cikin 1900, an kiyasta yawan jama'a a 10,000 kuma a cikin 1967 game da 41,000 . <ref name="Bennett 1961">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Norman Robert |date=1961 |title=The Arab power of Tanganyika in the nineteenth century. |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10700 |access-date=2023-05-16 |publisher=Boston University}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizon Tarihi ne na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antiquities Sites |url=https://www.maliasili.go.tz/uploads/ANTIQUITIES_SITES_LOCATION_AND_ACCESSBILITY.pdf |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref> [[Fayil:Omani_Empire_2.png|thumb|"Ujiji Sultanate" a tsakiyar karni na sha tara]] A tarihi garin da yanzu ake kira UJiji shine gidan mutanen Jiji. Ginin yana da alaƙa ta kusa da al'ummar [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] na Buyenzi a arewacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a Burundi. Ujiji shine wurin da Richard Burton da John Speke suka fara isa bakin Tekun Tanganyika a 1858. Shi ne shafin da aka yi sanannen taron a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1871 lokacin da Henry Stanley ya sami Dokta David Livingstone, kuma an san shi da sanannun kalmomin "Dr. Livingstone, ina zaton?" Livingstone, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi tunanin ya mutu saboda babu wani labari da aka ji game da shi shekaru da yawa kuma wanda ya dawo Ujiji ranar da ta gabata, mai kyau Samariya yana kusa da hannu, don daya safiya ya zo yana gudana a saman saurin saurinsa kuma ya kashe shi, 'Wani mai cin abinci, ya saurinsa, ya sauka, ya sa' yanka shi!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanley Meets Livingstone |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/stanley-meets-livingstone-91118102/ |access-date=2019-02-12 |website=Smithsonian |language=en}}</ref> An gina wani abin tunawa da aka sani da "Tunawa da Dr. Livingstone" a Ujiji don tunawa da taron. Akwai kuma ƙaramin gidan tarihi. Akwai tsohon hanyar bayi kusa da kasuwa. A shekara ta 1878, ƙungiyar mishan ta London ta kafa ofishinta na farko na mishan a bakin tafkin Tanganyika a Ujiji. Wasu a [[Burundi]] sun yi iƙirarin cewa wurin da aka yi wannan taron yana da nisan mil kaɗan a kudu da tsohon babban birnin [[Bujumbura]] . Duk da haka, [[Abin tunawan Livingstone–Stanley|abin tunawa da Livingstone-Stanley]] da ke Mugere a zahiri ya nuna ziyarar da mutanen biyu suka kai kwanaki 15 bayan binciken haɗin gwiwa a arewacin Tafkin Tanganyika. == Al'adu == Al'adun mutane da garin gabaɗaya Swahili ne a yanayi. Yawancin mazauna Musulmai ne kuma na kabilun daban-daban. == Manazarta == == Manazarta == gt9880bguamvrgi6ur6v58zxl0stib2 840771 840770 2026-05-28T05:00:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<gallery> Fayil:Burton_and_Speke_Monument_in_Ujiji.jpg|Burton and Speke Monument Fayil:Cine_Atlas_in_Ujiji.jpg|Cine Atlas Fayil:Pan_Africanism_mural_in_Tanzania.jpg|Pan Africanism mural Fayil:Livingstone_Memorial,_Tanzania.jpg|Livingstone Memorial </gallery>Ujiji ita ce birni mafi tsufa a yammacin [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] kuma tana cikin Gundumar Kigoma-Ujiji ta [[Yankin Kigoma]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Takwa |first=Esther |date=2023-04-13 |title=Ujiji, a port with historical significance - Daily News |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/ujiji-a-port-with-historical-significance/,%20https://dailynews.co.tz/ujiji-a-port-with-historical-significance/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Asalin mazaunin [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] sannan kuma gidan [[Cinikin bayi na Tekun Indiya|Cinikin bayi na Larabawa]] a tsakiyar karni na sha tara a ƙarƙashin Sultanate na Zanzibar, A cikin 1900, an kiyasta yawan jama'a a 10,000 kuma a cikin 1967 game da 41,000 . <ref name="Bennett 1961">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Norman Robert |date=1961 |title=The Arab power of Tanganyika in the nineteenth century. |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10700 |access-date=2023-05-16 |publisher=Boston University}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizon Tarihi ne na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antiquities Sites |url=https://www.maliasili.go.tz/uploads/ANTIQUITIES_SITES_LOCATION_AND_ACCESSBILITY.pdf |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref> [[Fayil:Omani_Empire_2.png|thumb|"Ujiji Sultanate" a tsakiyar karni na sha tara]] A tarihi garin da yanzu ake kira UJiji shine gidan mutanen Jiji. Ginin yana da alaƙa ta kusa da al'ummar [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] na Buyenzi a arewacin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a Burundi. Ujiji shine wurin da Richard Burton da John Speke suka fara isa bakin Tekun Tanganyika a 1858. Shi ne shafin da aka yi sanannen taron a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1871 lokacin da Henry Stanley ya sami Dokta David Livingstone, kuma an san shi da sanannun kalmomin "Dr. Livingstone, ina zaton?" Livingstone, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi tunanin ya mutu saboda babu wani labari da aka ji game da shi shekaru da yawa kuma wanda ya dawo Ujiji ranar da ta gabata, mai kyau Samariya yana kusa da hannu, don daya safiya ya zo yana gudana a saman saurin saurinsa kuma ya kashe shi, 'Wani mai cin abinci, ya saurinsa, ya sauka, ya sa' yanka shi!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanley Meets Livingstone |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/stanley-meets-livingstone-91118102/ |access-date=2019-02-12 |website=Smithsonian |language=en}}</ref> An gina wani abin tunawa da aka sani da "Tunawa da Dr. Livingstone" a Ujiji don tunawa da taron. Akwai kuma ƙaramin gidan tarihi. Akwai tsohon hanyar bayi kusa da kasuwa. A shekara ta 1878, ƙungiyar mishan ta London ta kafa ofishinta na farko na mishan a bakin tafkin Tanganyika a Ujiji. Wasu a [[Burundi]] sun yi iƙirarin cewa wurin da aka yi wannan taron yana da nisan mil kaɗan a kudu da tsohon babban birnin [[Bujumbura]] . Duk da haka, [[Abin tunawan Livingstone–Stanley|abin tunawa da Livingstone-Stanley]] da ke Mugere a zahiri ya nuna ziyarar da mutanen biyu suka kai kwanaki 15 bayan binciken haɗin gwiwa a arewacin Tafkin Tanganyika. == Al'adu == Al'adun mutane da garin gabaɗaya Swahili ne a yanayi. Yawancin mazauna Musulmai ne kuma na kabilun daban-daban. == Manazarta == == Manazarta == kk81lff7hfj3327ivw4ddoztosb8ior 0 152425 840772 2026-05-28T05:01:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326097645|Lake Dissoni]]" 840772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Dissoni''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Soden''', ƙaramin tafki ne a cikin jerin dutsen wuta a Yankin Kudu maso Yamma [[Kamaru]] . Wannan tafkin mai fitattun wuta yana da diamita kusan {{Convert|1.25|km}} kuma yana a kudu maso gabashin Rumpi Hills. Akwai nau'ikan kifi guda uku kawai a cikin tafkin, amma duk waɗannan suna da iyaka: A poeciliid (''[[Procatopus lacustris]]'', kodayake mai yiwuwa ma'anar ''[[Procatopus similis|P. similis]]'' ), kifi da ba a ''Bayani'' ba (Clarias sp.) da kuma barb da ba a kwatanta ba (''Barbus'' sp.). <ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 Western Equatorial Crater Lakes.] {{Webarchive}}'' Accessed 5 February 2012</ref> Wani nau'in shrimp ''[[Caridina sodenensis]]'' kuma yana cikin tafkin. == Dubi kuma == == Dubi kuma == * Gundumar Kamaru == Manazarta == 81fny7kw0vlhly01k8n4xwrmgfjr2or 840773 840772 2026-05-28T05:01:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 840773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Dissoni''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Soden''', ƙaramin tafki ne a cikin jerin dutsen wuta a Yankin Kudu maso Yamma [[Kamaru]] . Wannan tafkin mai fitattun wuta yana da diamita kusan {{Convert|1.25|km}} kuma yana a kudu maso gabashin Rumpi Hills. Akwai nau'ikan kifi guda uku kawai a cikin tafkin, amma duk waɗannan suna da iyaka: A poeciliid (''[[Procatopus lacustris]]'', kodayake mai yiwuwa ma'anar ''[[Procatopus similis|P. similis]]'' ), kifi da ba a ''Bayani'' ba (Clarias sp.) da kuma barb da ba a kwatanta ba (''Barbus'' sp.). <ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 Western Equatorial Crater Lakes.] {{Webarchive}}'' Accessed 5 February 2012</ref> Wani nau'in shrimp ''[[Caridina sodenensis]]'' kuma yana cikin tafkin. == Dubi kuma == == Dubi kuma == * Gundumar Kamaru == Manazarta == a8vqnrvlo3otkoz6ee7st97tjnccq6g 0 152426 840775 2026-05-28T05:01:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301361412|Lake Fianga]]" 840775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Fianga''' tafki ne a cikin [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] . Ba shi da iyakoki da aka tsara a sarari, saboda ya zama iyakar yammacin yanki na dindindin. Tafkin ya samo asali ne tare da [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] na [[Kogin Logone]].<ref>Mepham, Robert (1991). Iucn Directory of African Wetlands. City: Pinter Pub Ltd. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == 401jwfxynsci8vipf1qheew6epzl4bo 840777 840775 2026-05-28T05:02:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 840777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Fianga''' tafki ne a cikin [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] . Ba shi da iyakoki da aka tsara a sarari, saboda ya zama iyakar yammacin yanki na dindindin. Tafkin ya samo asali ne tare da [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] na [[Kogin Logone]].<ref>Mepham, Robert (1991). Iucn Directory of African Wetlands. City: Pinter Pub Ltd. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>.</ref> == Manazarta == givqndof65dh24shfbntjrc0qc8tb1s 0 152427 840776 2026-05-28T05:02:12Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307407770|Meru National Park]]" 840776 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Meru National Park''' is a Kenyan national park located east of Meru, {{Convert|350|km|mi}} from [[Nairobi]]. Covering an area of {{Convert|870|km2|sqmi}}, it is one best known national parks in Kenya. Rainfall in this area is abundant with {{Cvt|635|-|762|mm|0}} in the west of the park and {{Cvt|305|-|356|mm|0}} in the east resulting in tall grass and lush [[Fadama|swamps]]. Gidan shakatawa yana da dabbobi masu yawa na daji ciki har da [[Giwan daji na Afirka|Giwayen daji na Afirka]], zaki, leopard na Afirka, cheetah, rhinoceros na gabas, rhinocers na kudancin, Grévy's zebra, Hippopotamus. Meru na ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu inda masu kiyayewa George Adamson da Joy Adamson suka tayar da Elsa the Lioness ya zama sananne a cikin littafin da aka fi siyarwa da fim din da ya lashe kyautar Born Free . An binne Elsa the Lioness a cikin wannan wurin shakatawa kuma an watsar da wani ɓangare na toka na Joy a kan kabarinta. == Tarihi == Tsakanin shekarun 2000 da 2005, Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Kenya, da taimakon Agence Française de Développement (AFD) da Asusun Kasa da Kasa don Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi (IFAW), sun dawo da Gidan shakatawa na Meru daga kusa da lalacewa zuwa ɗayan wuraren yawon bude ido mafi kyau a Gabashin Afirka, suna warware matsalar farautar wuraren shakatawa. IFAW ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.25 ga wannan babban aikin sabuntawa, kuma tare da wannan kuɗin ya taimaka wajen inganta kayan aikin asali kuma ya samar da kayan aiki da motoci masu mahimmanci don ayyukan tilasta bin doka. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, an Zaki yankin da aka kare a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lion Conservation Unit . == Abubuwan jan hankali == Baya ga shimfidar wuri da namun daji, abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido sun haɗa da gidan George da Joy Adamson, Adamson's Falls, wuraren binne Joy Adamson da Elsa the Lioness, ra'ayoyin [[Dutsen Kenya]], da Kogin Tana. == Manazarta == fe1fv6vm9mss9bn4ab4rm059g7rg4wk 840779 840776 2026-05-28T05:02:59Z Engineer014 44591 840779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Meru National Park''' is a Kenyan national park located east of Meru, {{Convert|350|km|mi}} from [[Nairobi]]. Covering an area of {{Convert|870|km2|sqmi}}, it is one best known national parks in Kenya. Rainfall in this area is abundant with {{Cvt|635|-|762|mm|0}} in the west of the park and {{Cvt|305|-|356|mm|0}} in the east resulting in tall grass and lush [[Fadama|swamps]]. Gidan shakatawa yana da dabbobi masu yawa na daji ciki har da [[Giwan daji na Afirka|Giwayen daji na Afirka]], zaki, leopard na Afirka, cheetah, rhinoceros na gabas, rhinocers na kudancin, Grévy's zebra, Hippopotamus. Meru na ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu inda masu kiyayewa George Adamson da Joy Adamson suka tayar da Elsa the Lioness ya zama sananne a cikin littafin da aka fi siyarwa da fim din da ya lashe kyautar Born Free . An binne Elsa the Lioness a cikin wannan wurin shakatawa kuma an watsar da wani ɓangare na toka na Joy a kan kabarinta. == Tarihi == Tsakanin shekarun 2000 da 2005, Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Kenya, da taimakon Agence Française de Développement (AFD) da Asusun Kasa da Kasa don Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi (IFAW), sun dawo da Gidan shakatawa na Meru daga kusa da lalacewa zuwa ɗayan wuraren yawon bude ido mafi kyau a Gabashin Afirka, suna warware matsalar farautar wuraren shakatawa. IFAW ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1.25 ga wannan babban aikin sabuntawa, kuma tare da wannan kuɗin ya taimaka wajen inganta kayan aikin asali kuma ya samar da kayan aiki da motoci masu mahimmanci don ayyukan tilasta bin doka. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, an Zaki yankin da aka kare a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lion Conservation Unit . == Abubuwan jan hankali == Baya ga shimfidar wuri da namun daji, abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido sun haɗa da gidan George da Joy Adamson, Adamson's Falls, wuraren binne Joy Adamson da Elsa the Lioness, ra'ayoyin [[Dutsen Kenya]], da Kogin Tana. == Manazarta == 11u0fqqaifeaegj2c92xv0x0s44iu6d 0 152428 840778 2026-05-28T05:02:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324511012|Lake Fitri]]" 840778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Fitri''' tafki ne mai zurfi a tsakiyar [[Cadi|Chadi]], wanda ke cikin yankin [[Sahel]] kimanin kilomita 300 a gabashin [[Ndjamena|N"Djamena]] . An sanya shi a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar. == Yanayin ƙasa == Girman tafkin na yau da kullun kusan {{Convert|50,000|ha}}, kodayake wannan zai iya ninka sau uku a cikin shekarun da suka fi danshi. Ruwan sama na yanayi da kwararar ruwa daga yankin magudanar ruwa da aka kiyasta ya kai {{Convert|70000|km2}} ke ciyar da shi. . Babban abincin kogi shine Kogin Batha na yanayi wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa daga babban tafkin Ouaddai zuwa yamma. Kamar sauran tafkin Chadi, [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chad]], bai kai girman da yake da shi a da ba. Tafkin da aka saba da shi na dindindin na iya bushewa a lokacin fari mai tsanani, kamar wanda ya faru a farkon ƙarni na ashirin da kuma a 1984-1985. === Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye === An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan mutanen da ke da farin fuska da kuma murmushi, ducks, [[Kakira|garganeys]], Pintails na arewa, cranes masu baƙar fata, spoonbills na Afirka da squacco herons.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lake Fitri |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-fitri-iba-chad |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lakefitrinasa.jpg|none|thumb|600x600px|Tafkin Fitri]] == Manazarta == qyfs0bb49dme0mic8g2k4187bk3z2e1 840780 840778 2026-05-28T05:03:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 840780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Fitri''' tafki ne mai zurfi a tsakiyar [[Cadi|Chadi]], wanda ke cikin yankin [[Sahel]] kimanin kilomita 300 a gabashin [[Ndjamena|N"Djamena]] . An sanya shi a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar. == Yanayin ƙasa == Girman tafkin na yau da kullun kusan {{Convert|50,000|ha}}, kodayake wannan zai iya ninka sau uku a cikin shekarun da suka fi danshi. Ruwan sama na yanayi da kwararar ruwa daga yankin magudanar ruwa da aka kiyasta ya kai {{Convert|70000|km2}} ke ciyar da shi. . Babban abincin kogi shine Kogin Batha na yanayi wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa daga babban tafkin Ouaddai zuwa yamma. Kamar sauran tafkin Chadi, [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chad]], bai kai girman da yake da shi a da ba. Tafkin da aka saba da shi na dindindin na iya bushewa a lokacin fari mai tsanani, kamar wanda ya faru a farkon ƙarni na ashirin da kuma a 1984-1985. === Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye === An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan mutanen da ke da farin fuska da kuma murmushi, ducks, [[Kakira|garganeys]], Pintails na arewa, cranes masu baƙar fata, spoonbills na Afirka da squacco herons.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lake Fitri |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-fitri-iba-chad |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lakefitrinasa.jpg|none|thumb|600x600px|Tafkin Fitri]] == Manazarta == hf38z87spzy2ym07d60sdb9pr25a8tn 0 152429 840782 2026-05-28T05:03:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349015872|Iro Lake]]" 840782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Iro''' (Faransanci: Lac Iro) tafki ne mai tasowa a yankin Moyen-Chari a kudu maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Ana ciyar da shi a cikin watanni na rani da kaka daga gabashin [[Bahar Salam|Bahr Salamat]], wanda ke da nisan kilomita bakwai kudu maso yammacin tafkin. Tafkin yana da nisan kilomita 100 a arewacin iyakar da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. Yana da kusan zagaye, tsawon kilomita 13 da faɗin kilomita 11. A lokacin fari zai iya bushewa gaba ɗaya.<ref>W. Reimold & C. Koeberl (2014). Impact structures in Africa: A review, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 93, May 2014, Pages 57–175</ref> An yi zargin cewa bakin ciki shine ragowar rami mai tasiri. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tabkin Bosumtwi|Tafkin Bosumtwi]] - wani rami mai tasiri a Ghana * Jerin tabkuna a Chadi == Manazarta == 9itymc7dbr1uecrtx5vken1iejgblgf 840783 840782 2026-05-28T05:03:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 840783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Iro''' (Faransanci: Lac Iro) tafki ne mai tasowa a yankin Moyen-Chari a kudu maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Ana ciyar da shi a cikin watanni na rani da kaka daga gabashin [[Bahar Salam|Bahr Salamat]], wanda ke da nisan kilomita bakwai kudu maso yammacin tafkin. Tafkin yana da nisan kilomita 100 a arewacin iyakar da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. Yana da kusan zagaye, tsawon kilomita 13 da faɗin kilomita 11. A lokacin fari zai iya bushewa gaba ɗaya.<ref>W. Reimold & C. Koeberl (2014). Impact structures in Africa: A review, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 93, May 2014, Pages 57–175</ref> An yi zargin cewa bakin ciki shine ragowar rami mai tasiri. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tabkin Bosumtwi|Tafkin Bosumtwi]] - wani rami mai tasiri a Ghana * Jerin tabkuna a Chadi == Manazarta == gjuofazb3ycn5a2tn0bg0rr3k4se3ht 0 152430 840784 2026-05-28T05:04:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326310485|Lake Katam]]" 840784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Katam''' tafki ne a cikin ƙungiyar Ounianga Kebir, tsarin tafki a Yankin Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti a arewa maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Wadannan tabkuna sanannu ne saboda gudana a arewa maso kudu, ta hanyar [[Iska ta kasuwanci]] an kafa su. Su ne ragowar tafkin da ya fi girma wanda ya cika kwandon a lokacin da ake kira lokacin Sahara, wanda ya kasance daga kimanin BC 10000-1500. Tafkin Katam yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tabkuna biyu a yankin (wanda ɗayan saline Tafkin Yoa), kuma duk suna da gishiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trape |first=Sébastien |date=2013-11-01 |title=A study of the relict fish fauna of northern Chad, with the first records of a polypterid and a poeciliid in the Sahara desert |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069113001960 |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=336 |issue=11 |pages=582–587 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2013.10.001 |issn=1631-0691 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Yoa * Tafkunan Ounianga == Manazarta == rq6w6gdk0a34ogcn8au9natnfbypwp4 840785 840784 2026-05-28T05:04:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Katam''' tafki ne a cikin ƙungiyar Ounianga Kebir, tsarin tafki a Yankin Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti a arewa maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Wadannan tabkuna sanannu ne saboda gudana a arewa maso kudu, ta hanyar [[Iska ta kasuwanci]] an kafa su. Su ne ragowar tafkin da ya fi girma wanda ya cika kwandon a lokacin da ake kira lokacin Sahara, wanda ya kasance daga kimanin BC 10000-1500. Tafkin Katam yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tabkuna biyu a yankin (wanda ɗayan saline Tafkin Yoa), kuma duk suna da gishiri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trape |first=Sébastien |date=2013-11-01 |title=A study of the relict fish fauna of northern Chad, with the first records of a polypterid and a poeciliid in the Sahara desert |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069113001960 |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=336 |issue=11 |pages=582–587 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2013.10.001 |issn=1631-0691 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Yoa * Tafkunan Ounianga == Manazarta == b8yscsedi5e7n2v25y7g04w6ll08vs4 0 152431 840787 2026-05-28T05:05:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302888157|Lake Wey]]" 840787 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Wey''',<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Légitchad |url=http://legitchad.cefod-tchad.org/texte/2086 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220144952/http://legitchad.cefod-tchad.org/texte/2086 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=legitchad.cefod-tchad.org}}</ref> kuma an rubuta shi da '''Tafkin Ouei''',<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=1 - Horizon documentation-IRD |url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/notexp/11330.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher= |page=78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=15m 7-4-2 Pan-Fused Landsat 7 Image of Moundou, Chad - LAND INFO Satellite Imagery |url=http://www.landinfo.com/GalSatL715m742Chad100k.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219071738/http://www.landinfo.com/GalSatL715m742Chad100k.htm |archive-date=19 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=www.landinfo.com}}</ref> '''Tafkin Oueye''' ko '''Tafkin We''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake We - Wikimapia |url=http://wikimapia.org/1551940/Lake-We |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=wikimapia.org}}</ref> tafki ne a kudancin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Yana kusa da [[Moundou|Moundu]], birni na biyu mafi girma a Chadi, a kudu maso yammacinsa kuma yana arewa da [[Kogin Mbéré]] (wani yanki na Yammacin [[Kogin Logone|Logone]] ). Tafkin yana cikin sashen Lac Wey na yankin Logone Occidental na Chadi. == Manazarta == fev5v5pwwqs58g87gbvbwngucpe12xh 840788 840787 2026-05-28T05:05:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 840788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Wey''',<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Légitchad |url=http://legitchad.cefod-tchad.org/texte/2086 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220144952/http://legitchad.cefod-tchad.org/texte/2086 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=legitchad.cefod-tchad.org}}</ref> kuma an rubuta shi da '''Tafkin Ouei''',<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=1 - Horizon documentation-IRD |url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/notexp/11330.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher= |page=78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=15m 7-4-2 Pan-Fused Landsat 7 Image of Moundou, Chad - LAND INFO Satellite Imagery |url=http://www.landinfo.com/GalSatL715m742Chad100k.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219071738/http://www.landinfo.com/GalSatL715m742Chad100k.htm |archive-date=19 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=www.landinfo.com}}</ref> '''Tafkin Oueye''' ko '''Tafkin We''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake We - Wikimapia |url=http://wikimapia.org/1551940/Lake-We |access-date=2016-12-10 |website=wikimapia.org}}</ref> tafki ne a kudancin [[Cadi|Chadi]] . Yana kusa da [[Moundou|Moundu]], birni na biyu mafi girma a Chadi, a kudu maso yammacinsa kuma yana arewa da [[Kogin Mbéré]] (wani yanki na Yammacin [[Kogin Logone|Logone]] ). Tafkin yana cikin sashen Lac Wey na yankin Logone Occidental na Chadi. == Manazarta == nw189v4rbv82r19mieau996vd3hr206 0 152432 840789 2026-05-28T05:06:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286927118|Lake Yoa]]" 840789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkuna Yoa''' shine mafi shahara, kuma na biyu mafi girma, na Lakes na Ounianga, jerin Lakes a cikin Yankin Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti na arewa maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]]. Tana cikin Ounianga Kebir kimanin kilomita 40 a yammacin Ounianga Sarir . Wadannan tabkuna sune ragowar tafkin da ya fi girma wanda ya mamaye wannan kwandon a lokacin Rashin Afirka, wanda ya kasance daga kimanin shekaru 15,000 zuwa 5,500 kafin yanzu. A halin yanzu akwai tabkuna 15 a cikin kwandon tare da jimlar yanki na kimanin kilomita 20 (12 murabba'in.<ref> Chang, Kenneth (May 9, 2008). "Shift From Savannah to Sahara Was Gradual, Research Suggests". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-28.</ref> == Canjin yanayi == Tafkin Yoa kwanan nan ya zama mai ban sha'awa a cikin nazarin yanayin yanayi na duniya lokacin da ƙungiyar da Stefan Kröpelin, na Jami'ar Cologne, ke jagoranta, ta dawo da ainihin laka daga kasan tafkin. Saboda Tafkin Yoa ya kasance a kai a kai tun lokacin Ruwa ruwansa ya kare turɓaya da aka tara a kasa daga rushewa da warwatsewa. Bayan nazarin pollen da aka adana a cikin core, Kröpelin da abokan aikinsa sun kammala cewa canjin daga gandun daji zuwa hamada a yankin Lake Yoa ya faru a hankali, tare da lokutan shiga tsakani na scrubland da ciyawa kafin farawar yanayin hamada. Wannan kammalawa ya bambanta da aikin da Peter deMenocal na Jami'ar Columbia da abokan aiki suka yi, wadanda a cikin 2000 suka hako wani core na teku sediment daga yammacin gabar [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]. Saboda matakan ƙura a cikin wannan core, deMenocal da abokan aikinsa sun kammala cewa yanayin hamada ya zo da sauri, a cikin 'yan ƙarni. Bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan asusun biyu ba abin mamaki ba ne saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin bayanan da aka bincika. Babban teku yana wakiltar abin da ke da mahimmanci binciken taro na duk yankin arewacin ƙasar Afirka yayin da bayanan Lake Yoa za su bincika musamman yanayin a yankunan kudu da yammacinsa, wanda ya ba da kayan aiki ga iskar kasuwanci ta [[Holocene]] kafin su haye Lake Yoa. Yana yiwuwa duka biyun, arewacin Afirka ya zama da sauri kuma gabaɗaya ya bushe, kuma cewa, a takamaiman yankuna tsarin hamada ya motsa ta hanyar jerin sauye-sauyen muhalli. (Ranson, 2008). Rahoton na biyu kuma bai yi la'akari da nisan yankin Lake Yoa daga Tekun Atlantika ba, sama da kilomita 2,000 (1,000 . == Manazarta == j1mpu780jb1fslr4vi9ds8rmo1lts0u 840790 840789 2026-05-28T05:06:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 840790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkuna Yoa''' shine mafi shahara, kuma na biyu mafi girma, na Lakes na Ounianga, jerin Lakes a cikin Yankin Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti na arewa maso gabashin [[Cadi|Chadi]]. Tana cikin Ounianga Kebir kimanin kilomita 40 a yammacin Ounianga Sarir . Wadannan tabkuna sune ragowar tafkin da ya fi girma wanda ya mamaye wannan kwandon a lokacin Rashin Afirka, wanda ya kasance daga kimanin shekaru 15,000 zuwa 5,500 kafin yanzu. A halin yanzu akwai tabkuna 15 a cikin kwandon tare da jimlar yanki na kimanin kilomita 20 (12 murabba'in.<ref> Chang, Kenneth (May 9, 2008). "Shift From Savannah to Sahara Was Gradual, Research Suggests". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-28.</ref> == Canjin yanayi == Tafkin Yoa kwanan nan ya zama mai ban sha'awa a cikin nazarin yanayin yanayi na duniya lokacin da ƙungiyar da Stefan Kröpelin, na Jami'ar Cologne, ke jagoranta, ta dawo da ainihin laka daga kasan tafkin. Saboda Tafkin Yoa ya kasance a kai a kai tun lokacin Ruwa ruwansa ya kare turɓaya da aka tara a kasa daga rushewa da warwatsewa. Bayan nazarin pollen da aka adana a cikin core, Kröpelin da abokan aikinsa sun kammala cewa canjin daga gandun daji zuwa hamada a yankin Lake Yoa ya faru a hankali, tare da lokutan shiga tsakani na scrubland da ciyawa kafin farawar yanayin hamada. Wannan kammalawa ya bambanta da aikin da Peter deMenocal na Jami'ar Columbia da abokan aiki suka yi, wadanda a cikin 2000 suka hako wani core na teku sediment daga yammacin gabar [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]. Saboda matakan ƙura a cikin wannan core, deMenocal da abokan aikinsa sun kammala cewa yanayin hamada ya zo da sauri, a cikin 'yan ƙarni. Bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan asusun biyu ba abin mamaki ba ne saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin bayanan da aka bincika. Babban teku yana wakiltar abin da ke da mahimmanci binciken taro na duk yankin arewacin ƙasar Afirka yayin da bayanan Lake Yoa za su bincika musamman yanayin a yankunan kudu da yammacinsa, wanda ya ba da kayan aiki ga iskar kasuwanci ta [[Holocene]] kafin su haye Lake Yoa. Yana yiwuwa duka biyun, arewacin Afirka ya zama da sauri kuma gabaɗaya ya bushe, kuma cewa, a takamaiman yankuna tsarin hamada ya motsa ta hanyar jerin sauye-sauyen muhalli. (Ranson, 2008). Rahoton na biyu kuma bai yi la'akari da nisan yankin Lake Yoa daga Tekun Atlantika ba, sama da kilomita 2,000 (1,000 . == Manazarta == h4886raxgzw3ipkvxxtegxtuljv320k 0 152433 840791 2026-05-28T05:06:25Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334188886|Garissa]]" 840791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garissa''' (Somali: Gaarrisa [[Larabci|Arabic]]: قارسا) is the capital of Garissa County, [[Kenya]]. It is situated in the former North Eastern Province. == Yanayin ƙasa == Kogin Tana, wanda ya tashi a [[Dutsen Kenya]] a gabashin Nyeri, yana gudana ta hanyar Garissa. Gidan Giraffe na Bour-Algi, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 5 a kudancin Garissa, gida ne ga namun daji da ke cikin haɗari ciki har da Giraffe na Rothschild, gerenuk da sauran masu cin ganyayyaki ciki har da dik-dik na Kirk, ƙaramin kudu, warthog da waterbuck.&nbsp; == Yawan jama'a == Yawancin mazaunan Garissa 'yan kabilar Somaliya ne daga Ogaden . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Police Service |url=http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/nep.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113021738/http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/nep.asp |archive-date=2011-11-13 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.kenyapolice.go.ke |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == [[Fayil:Garissa_downtown.jpg|left|thumb|Tashar man fetur ta BP a cikin garin Garissa.]] Garissa cibiyar kasuwa ce kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta Garissa County . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Garissa |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226009/Garissa |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Garin yana da jami'a, Kwalejin Jami'ar Garissa da kwalejoji da yawa ciki har da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, an kaddamar da Garissa Solar Power Station, yana ba da wutar lantarki ga garin Garissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Uhuru launches Sh13b solar power plant |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001353188/uhuru-launches-sh13b-solar-power-plant |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Standard Media}}</ref> Bankuna da ke cikin Garissa sun haɗa da Bankin Gulf African da ke cikin gidan Al-Wayf Alkur'ani, Postbank a Cibiyar Siyayya ta Garissa, da Bankin Al'umma na Farko (FCB) a cikin Ginin Bajwed . <ref name="Grsb">{{Cite web |title=garissacity.com |url=http://garissacity.com/mps/ |website=garissacity.com}}</ref> Sauran bankunan da ke da rassa a cikin birni sun haɗa da [[Bankin Absa Kenya|Bankin Absa]], Bankin Kasuwanci na Kenya, Bankin Kasa na Kenya, Chase Bankin da Bankin hadin gwiwa na Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Equity Bank Kenya • GARISSA - Branches |url=http://www.equitybank.co.ke/index.php/branches/view/garissa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522172545/http://www.equitybank.co.ke/index.php/branches/view/garissa |archive-date=2013-05-22 |website=equitybank.co.ke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Personal |url=http://www.kcbbankgroup.com/ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73&Itemid=78 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410152638/http://www.kcbbankgroup.com/ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73&Itemid=78 |archive-date=2013-04-10 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.kcbbankgroup.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Bank of Kenya |url=http://www.nationalbank.co.ke/index.php?page=branch-networks-contacts |website=nationalbank.co.ke}}</ref> Kiwon dabbobi wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arzikin garin. Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2007, manoman shanu na Garissa sun sami sama da KES1.8 biliyan a cikin tallace-tallace a cikin gida da na kasashen waje. An kuma fara gina sabon wurin yanka a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007. Dangane da shigo da dabbobi, yawancin shanu na Garissa sun fito ne daga cinikin kan iyaka tsakanin 'yan kasuwa na dabbobi na Somaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Farming in Kenya |url=http://softkenya.com/farming/livestock-supply-in-kenya/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326042454/http://softkenya.com/farming/livestock-supply-in-kenya/ |archive-date=2013-03-26 |access-date=2013-04-07 |website=Farming in Kenya}}</ref> == Harin ta'addanci na 2015 == A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2015, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari Kwalejin Jami'ar Garissa, inda suka kashe mutane 147 tare da jikkata akalla 79. Kungiyar 'yan bindiga da kuma reshen Al-Qaeda, [[Al-Shabaab (ƙungiyar Mayaƙa)|Al-Shabaab]], sun dauki alhakin harin. 'Yan bindigar sun yi garkuwa da dalibai sama da 700, inda suka 'yantar da Musulmai suka kuma kashe wadanda suka bayyana a matsayin Kiristoci. Kawancen ya kare a ranar da aka kashe dukkan maharan hudu. Daga baya an kama mutane biyar dangane da harin, kuma an bayar da lada ga wanda ake zargi da shirya harin, Mohamed Mahmoud, wanda aka fi sani da Dulyadeyn. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Daga baya an kashe Dulyadeen daga hannun kwamandojin Somaliya da Amurka ta horar daga Rundunar Sojin Ƙasa ta Somaliya a daren ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2016, a Bulo Gadud, wani gari mai biyayya ga Al-Shabaab, kimanin kilomita 30 a arewa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kismayo a Somaliya. Harin Jami'ar Garissa shi ne hari na biyu mafi muni a tarihin Kenya tun bayan samun 'yancin kai (bayan hare-haren bama-bamai na ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Nairobi a shekarar 1998, inda mutane 213 suka mutu). == Shugabanci == A matsayinsa na babban birnin Garissa, Garissa ita ce hedikwatar Gwamnatin Gundumar Garissa da kuma Majalisar Gundumar. Gwamnan gundumar shine Nathif Jama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Governor – Garissa County Government |url=http://garissa.go.ke/staff/governor/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mohamed Dekow Barow|Mohammed Dekow Barow]], ɗan Majalisar Somaliya mai wakiltar Gundumar Garissa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya ne ke wakiltar birnin. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta hanyar [[UDA Party|Jam'iyyar UDA]] . A zamanin mulkin mallaka, Garissa, da sauran sassan NFD, an haɗa su wuri ɗaya a matsayin lardin ''Trans-juba'' na Birtaniya a Gabashin Afirka, daga baya kuma za a kira shi Jubaland, wanda ya rabu biyu a tsakiyar shekarun 1920. == Yanayi == Garissa tana da yanayi mai zafi na bushewa ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen category]] ''BWh'' ), duk da cewa tana samun kimanin {{Convert|375|mm|in|0}} na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, saboda yawan kwararar ruwa. Yanayin Garissa galibi busasshiyar ƙasa ce, hamada. Birnin yana kusa da Kogin Tana, kuma yana da yanayi mai zafi saboda ƙarancin tsayi da nisan da ke tsakanin yankunan bakin teku masu sanyi. Zafin rana yakan tashi sama da {{Convert|33|C|F|1}} kowace rana, amma yana sanyaya kowace dare. == Manazarta == 1cf3gybnl9r8t9u919qcyyqujpit8by 840792 840791 2026-05-28T05:07:02Z Engineer014 44591 840792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Garissa''' (Somali: Gaarrisa [[Larabci|Arabic]]: قارسا) is the capital of Garissa County, [[Kenya]]. It is situated in the former North Eastern Province. == Yanayin ƙasa == Kogin Tana, wanda ya tashi a [[Dutsen Kenya]] a gabashin Nyeri, yana gudana ta hanyar Garissa. Gidan Giraffe na Bour-Algi, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 5 a kudancin Garissa, gida ne ga namun daji da ke cikin haɗari ciki har da Giraffe na Rothschild, gerenuk da sauran masu cin ganyayyaki ciki har da dik-dik na Kirk, ƙaramin kudu, warthog da waterbuck.&nbsp; == Yawan jama'a == Yawancin mazaunan Garissa 'yan kabilar Somaliya ne daga Ogaden . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Police Service |url=http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/nep.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113021738/http://www.kenyapolice.go.ke/nep.asp |archive-date=2011-11-13 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.kenyapolice.go.ke |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == [[Fayil:Garissa_downtown.jpg|left|thumb|Tashar man fetur ta BP a cikin garin Garissa.]] Garissa cibiyar kasuwa ce kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta Garissa County . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Garissa |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226009/Garissa |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Garin yana da jami'a, Kwalejin Jami'ar Garissa da kwalejoji da yawa ciki har da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, an kaddamar da Garissa Solar Power Station, yana ba da wutar lantarki ga garin Garissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Uhuru launches Sh13b solar power plant |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001353188/uhuru-launches-sh13b-solar-power-plant |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Standard Media}}</ref> Bankuna da ke cikin Garissa sun haɗa da Bankin Gulf African da ke cikin gidan Al-Wayf Alkur'ani, Postbank a Cibiyar Siyayya ta Garissa, da Bankin Al'umma na Farko (FCB) a cikin Ginin Bajwed . <ref name="Grsb">{{Cite web |title=garissacity.com |url=http://garissacity.com/mps/ |website=garissacity.com}}</ref> Sauran bankunan da ke da rassa a cikin birni sun haɗa da [[Bankin Absa Kenya|Bankin Absa]], Bankin Kasuwanci na Kenya, Bankin Kasa na Kenya, Chase Bankin da Bankin hadin gwiwa na Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Equity Bank Kenya • GARISSA - Branches |url=http://www.equitybank.co.ke/index.php/branches/view/garissa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522172545/http://www.equitybank.co.ke/index.php/branches/view/garissa |archive-date=2013-05-22 |website=equitybank.co.ke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Personal |url=http://www.kcbbankgroup.com/ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73&Itemid=78 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410152638/http://www.kcbbankgroup.com/ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73&Itemid=78 |archive-date=2013-04-10 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.kcbbankgroup.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Bank of Kenya |url=http://www.nationalbank.co.ke/index.php?page=branch-networks-contacts |website=nationalbank.co.ke}}</ref> Kiwon dabbobi wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arzikin garin. Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2007, manoman shanu na Garissa sun sami sama da KES1.8 biliyan a cikin tallace-tallace a cikin gida da na kasashen waje. An kuma fara gina sabon wurin yanka a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007. Dangane da shigo da dabbobi, yawancin shanu na Garissa sun fito ne daga cinikin kan iyaka tsakanin 'yan kasuwa na dabbobi na Somaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livestock Farming in Kenya |url=http://softkenya.com/farming/livestock-supply-in-kenya/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326042454/http://softkenya.com/farming/livestock-supply-in-kenya/ |archive-date=2013-03-26 |access-date=2013-04-07 |website=Farming in Kenya}}</ref> == Harin ta'addanci na 2015 == A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2015, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari Kwalejin Jami'ar Garissa, inda suka kashe mutane 147 tare da jikkata akalla 79. Kungiyar 'yan bindiga da kuma reshen Al-Qaeda, [[Al-Shabaab (ƙungiyar Mayaƙa)|Al-Shabaab]], sun dauki alhakin harin. 'Yan bindigar sun yi garkuwa da dalibai sama da 700, inda suka 'yantar da Musulmai suka kuma kashe wadanda suka bayyana a matsayin Kiristoci. Kawancen ya kare a ranar da aka kashe dukkan maharan hudu. Daga baya an kama mutane biyar dangane da harin, kuma an bayar da lada ga wanda ake zargi da shirya harin, Mohamed Mahmoud, wanda aka fi sani da Dulyadeyn. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Daga baya an kashe Dulyadeen daga hannun kwamandojin Somaliya da Amurka ta horar daga Rundunar Sojin Ƙasa ta Somaliya a daren ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2016, a Bulo Gadud, wani gari mai biyayya ga Al-Shabaab, kimanin kilomita 30 a arewa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kismayo a Somaliya. Harin Jami'ar Garissa shi ne hari na biyu mafi muni a tarihin Kenya tun bayan samun 'yancin kai (bayan hare-haren bama-bamai na ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Nairobi a shekarar 1998, inda mutane 213 suka mutu). == Shugabanci == A matsayinsa na babban birnin Garissa, Garissa ita ce hedikwatar Gwamnatin Gundumar Garissa da kuma Majalisar Gundumar. Gwamnan gundumar shine Nathif Jama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Governor – Garissa County Government |url=http://garissa.go.ke/staff/governor/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mohamed Dekow Barow|Mohammed Dekow Barow]], ɗan Majalisar Somaliya mai wakiltar Gundumar Garissa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Kenya ne ke wakiltar birnin. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta hanyar [[UDA Party|Jam'iyyar UDA]] . A zamanin mulkin mallaka, Garissa, da sauran sassan NFD, an haɗa su wuri ɗaya a matsayin lardin ''Trans-juba'' na Birtaniya a Gabashin Afirka, daga baya kuma za a kira shi Jubaland, wanda ya rabu biyu a tsakiyar shekarun 1920. == Yanayi == Garissa tana da yanayi mai zafi na bushewa ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen category]] ''BWh'' ), duk da cewa tana samun kimanin {{Convert|375|mm|in|0}} na ruwan sama a kowace shekara, saboda yawan kwararar ruwa. Yanayin Garissa galibi busasshiyar ƙasa ce, hamada. Birnin yana kusa da Kogin Tana, kuma yana da yanayi mai zafi saboda ƙarancin tsayi da nisan da ke tsakanin yankunan bakin teku masu sanyi. Zafin rana yakan tashi sama da {{Convert|33|C|F|1}} kowace rana, amma yana sanyaya kowace dare. == Manazarta == 1kwoz39zgvv43gz8azerooefh1eh90s 0 152434 840793 2026-05-28T05:07:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350637531|Baga Sola bombings]]" 840793 wikitext text/x-wiki Harin bam na 2015 na [[Cadi|Chadi]] wani Harin kashe kansa ne wanda ya faru da yammacin Asabar 10, Oktoba 2015 a garin Baga Sola, Chadi, wani karamin al'umma mai kamun kifi a [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. An yi zargin cewa kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama ta Najeriya ce ta kai harin kuma ya haifar da mutuwar kusan mutane 36, kuma ya ji rauni sama da 50. An bayar da rahoton cewa mata biyu, yara biyu, da kuma wani mutum ne suka kai hare-haren tare da manufofi da aka nufa a matsayin kasuwa mai aiki, da kuma sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da ke kusa da shi wanda ke karbar dubban 'yan Najeriya.<ref name="UN News">{{Cite web |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=2015-10-13 |title=UN News - UN agency condemns suicide attacks in Chad, pledges continued support |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52250#.WQGzRVMrL-m |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=UN News Service Section |language=en}}</ref> Wannan shi ne harin da ya fi muni da ya faru a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. == Tarihi == === Boko Haram === Boko Haram kungiya ce ta Salafist jihadi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama da ta samo asali ne a ƙasar [[Najeriya]] ta [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]]. Babban burin kungiyar shine karɓar gwamnatin Najeriya don kafa [[Theocracy|mulkin mallaka]] a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Islama mai tsauri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NCTC |title=National Counterterrorism Center {{!}} Groups |url=https://www.dni.gov/nctc/groups/boko_haram.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=www.dni.gov}}</ref> Duk da yake Boko Haram ta shiga cikin ayyukan ta'addanci da suka hada da bama-bamai masu kashe-kashen kai, da [[Kisan gilla a Baga, 2013|Kisan kiyashi]], an san kungiyar da satar mata da 'yan mata, musamman satar Chibok. Saboda karuwar ayyukan da ke ciki da waje da iyakokin Najeriya, Amurka ta sanya Boko Haram a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci ta duniya. A cikin 2015, Boko Haram ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga Daular Islama a Iraki da Levant. An yarda da kungiyar a matsayin memba na K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] mafi girma ta hanyar dokar hukuma ta Khalifa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamdi Alkhshali and Steve Almasy |date=12 March 2015 |title=ISIS leader accepts Boko Haram's pledge of allegiance |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/middleeast/isis-boko-haram/index.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=CNN}}</ref> ==== Amfani da mata da yara a hare-haren kashe kansa ==== Boko Haram a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya fara amfani da mata da yara a matsayin masu fashewa da bama-bamai. Boko Haram yawanci yana amfani da mutanen da aka sace a matsayin masu kai hari, suna tilasta musu yin ayyukan ta'addanci ko dai ta hanyar koyarwa ko kuma a karkashin barazana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boko Haram attacks with children 'suicide bombers': UN |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/boko-haram-children-suicide-bombers-160412093755915.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa, mayakan Boko Haram suna shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a waɗannan mata da yara kafin a tura su kan aikin kashe kansu. Yawancin hare-haren kashe kansa na Boko Haram mata ne ke gudanar da su, bisa ga binciken da Jami'ar Yale da West Point suka yi, tare da ƙarami yana da shekaru bakwai kawai. Ana amfani da mata da yara sau da yawa saboda fahimtar cewa ba su da daraja, tare da amfani da su a matsayin masu fashewa da ke ba da damar karin maza suyi aiki a matsayin mayakan. A lokuta da yawa, mata da yara da suka warke daga Boko Haram an tilasta su shiga cikin farfadowa tunda mutane da yawa suna riƙe da tausayi ga ƙungiyar ta'addanci.<ref name="Kriel 2017">{{Cite web |last=Kriel |first=Robyn |date=2017-08-10 |title=Boko Haram favors women, children as bombers: Study |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/10/africa/boko-haram-women-children-suicide-bombers/index.html |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Bama-bamai == === Fashewar bama-bamai a kasuwa === Wani lokaci da yamma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2015, wani rukuni na masu fashewar bam sun fashe fashewar su a kasuwar kifi a Baga Sola, a lokacin da ya fi yawan jama'a a rana, inda suka kashe mutane 16. Shaidu sun ba da rahoton jin fashewa uku. Ba a bayyana ba idan an tilasta wa masu fashewar bam su aikata wannan aikin.<ref name="BBC News 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Lake Chad town hit by suicide bombers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34498417 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Editorial 2015">{{Cite web |last=Reuters Editorial |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suspected Boko Haram suicide bomb attack kills 38 in Chad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-casualties/suspected-boko-haram-suicide-bomb-attack-kills-38-in-chad-idUSKCN0S40SU20151010 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=U.S.}}</ref> === Fashewar bam a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira === Rukunin na biyu na masu fashewar bam sun kai hari kan wani kauye da ke da dubban 'yan gudun hijirar Najeriya da Chadi. Akwai akalla fashewa biyu, kuma harin ya kashe mutane 22. A cewar [[UNICEF]], mutane 53 sun ji rauni a cikin hare-haren.<ref name="France 24 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suspected Boko Haram suicide attacks kill dozens in Chad |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151010-wave-suspected-boko-haram-suicide-attacks-strike-chad-nigeria |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=France 24}}</ref><ref name="Press 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suicide Bombings in Chad Kill 38 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/suicide-bombings-in-chad-kill-38-1444511649 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=WSJ |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Bayan hare-haren da aka kai a Baga Sola Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) , ya yi Allah wadai da hare-harin. Bugu da ƙari, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kira hare-haren "mai ban tsoro", kuma "mai banƙyama".<ref name="UN News Service Section 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-13 |title=UN News |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52250#.WneWi1SnHcs |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=UN News Service Section}}</ref> Shugaban [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, ya yi Allah wadai da "harin barbaric", kuma ya ba da ta'aziyya ga wadanda abin ya shafa.<ref name="Kodjo 2015">{{Cite web |last=Kodjo |first=Tchioffo |date=2015-10-11 |title=The African Union strongly condemns the Boko Haram terrorist attacks in Chad and Cameroon-African Union |url=http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/the-african-union-strongly-condemns-the-boko-haram-terrorist-attacks-in-chad-and-cameroon |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=African Union,Peace and Security Department}}</ref> Hare-haren da aka kai a kasuwar Baga Sola da 'yan gudun hijira sun sanya shi mafi munin hari da ya faru a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]].<ref name="Al Jazeera America 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Deadly Bombings in Chad |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/10/bombings-in-chad-kill-scores-of-people.html |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=Al Jazeera America}}</ref> Har zuwa yau, Boko Haram ta rasa yawancin yankin da aka yi ikirarin a baya, ban da haka kungiyar ta fuskanci rushewar ƙungiya sakamakon rashin jituwa game da jagoranci. 24yyjen98h5lojn4a82h2lt5gylk57o 840794 840793 2026-05-28T05:07:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 840794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harin bam''' na 2015 na [[Cadi|Chadi]] wani Harin kashe kansa ne wanda ya faru da yammacin Asabar 10, Oktoba 2015 a garin Baga Sola, Chadi, wani karamin al'umma mai kamun kifi a [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. An yi zargin cewa kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama ta Najeriya ce ta kai harin kuma ya haifar da mutuwar kusan mutane 36, kuma ya ji rauni sama da 50. An bayar da rahoton cewa mata biyu, yara biyu, da kuma wani mutum ne suka kai hare-haren tare da manufofi da aka nufa a matsayin kasuwa mai aiki, da kuma sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da ke kusa da shi wanda ke karbar dubban 'yan Najeriya.<ref name="UN News">{{Cite web |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=2015-10-13 |title=UN News - UN agency condemns suicide attacks in Chad, pledges continued support |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52250#.WQGzRVMrL-m |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=UN News Service Section |language=en}}</ref> Wannan shi ne harin da ya fi muni da ya faru a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. == Tarihi == === Boko Haram === Boko Haram kungiya ce ta Salafist jihadi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama da ta samo asali ne a ƙasar [[Najeriya]] ta [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]]. Babban burin kungiyar shine karɓar gwamnatin Najeriya don kafa [[Theocracy|mulkin mallaka]] a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar Islama mai tsauri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NCTC |title=National Counterterrorism Center {{!}} Groups |url=https://www.dni.gov/nctc/groups/boko_haram.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=www.dni.gov}}</ref> Duk da yake Boko Haram ta shiga cikin ayyukan ta'addanci da suka hada da bama-bamai masu kashe-kashen kai, da [[Kisan gilla a Baga, 2013|Kisan kiyashi]], an san kungiyar da satar mata da 'yan mata, musamman satar Chibok. Saboda karuwar ayyukan da ke ciki da waje da iyakokin Najeriya, Amurka ta sanya Boko Haram a matsayin kungiyar ta'addanci ta duniya. A cikin 2015, Boko Haram ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga Daular Islama a Iraki da Levant. An yarda da kungiyar a matsayin memba na K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] mafi girma ta hanyar dokar hukuma ta Khalifa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamdi Alkhshali and Steve Almasy |date=12 March 2015 |title=ISIS leader accepts Boko Haram's pledge of allegiance |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/middleeast/isis-boko-haram/index.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=CNN}}</ref> ==== Amfani da mata da yara a hare-haren kashe kansa ==== Boko Haram a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya fara amfani da mata da yara a matsayin masu fashewa da bama-bamai. Boko Haram yawanci yana amfani da mutanen da aka sace a matsayin masu kai hari, suna tilasta musu yin ayyukan ta'addanci ko dai ta hanyar koyarwa ko kuma a karkashin barazana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boko Haram attacks with children 'suicide bombers': UN |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/boko-haram-children-suicide-bombers-160412093755915.html |access-date=2017-04-27 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa, mayakan Boko Haram suna shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a waɗannan mata da yara kafin a tura su kan aikin kashe kansu. Yawancin hare-haren kashe kansa na Boko Haram mata ne ke gudanar da su, bisa ga binciken da Jami'ar Yale da West Point suka yi, tare da ƙarami yana da shekaru bakwai kawai. Ana amfani da mata da yara sau da yawa saboda fahimtar cewa ba su da daraja, tare da amfani da su a matsayin masu fashewa da ke ba da damar karin maza suyi aiki a matsayin mayakan. A lokuta da yawa, mata da yara da suka warke daga Boko Haram an tilasta su shiga cikin farfadowa tunda mutane da yawa suna riƙe da tausayi ga ƙungiyar ta'addanci.<ref name="Kriel 2017">{{Cite web |last=Kriel |first=Robyn |date=2017-08-10 |title=Boko Haram favors women, children as bombers: Study |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/10/africa/boko-haram-women-children-suicide-bombers/index.html |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=CNN}}</ref> == Bama-bamai == === Fashewar bama-bamai a kasuwa === Wani lokaci da yamma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2015, wani rukuni na masu fashewar bam sun fashe fashewar su a kasuwar kifi a Baga Sola, a lokacin da ya fi yawan jama'a a rana, inda suka kashe mutane 16. Shaidu sun ba da rahoton jin fashewa uku. Ba a bayyana ba idan an tilasta wa masu fashewar bam su aikata wannan aikin.<ref name="BBC News 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Lake Chad town hit by suicide bombers |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34498417 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Editorial 2015">{{Cite web |last=Reuters Editorial |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suspected Boko Haram suicide bomb attack kills 38 in Chad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-casualties/suspected-boko-haram-suicide-bomb-attack-kills-38-in-chad-idUSKCN0S40SU20151010 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=U.S.}}</ref> === Fashewar bam a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira === Rukunin na biyu na masu fashewar bam sun kai hari kan wani kauye da ke da dubban 'yan gudun hijirar Najeriya da Chadi. Akwai akalla fashewa biyu, kuma harin ya kashe mutane 22. A cewar [[UNICEF]], mutane 53 sun ji rauni a cikin hare-haren.<ref name="France 24 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suspected Boko Haram suicide attacks kill dozens in Chad |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20151010-wave-suspected-boko-haram-suicide-attacks-strike-chad-nigeria |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=France 24}}</ref><ref name="Press 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Suicide Bombings in Chad Kill 38 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/suicide-bombings-in-chad-kill-38-1444511649 |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=WSJ |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Bayan hare-haren da aka kai a Baga Sola Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR) , ya yi Allah wadai da hare-harin. Bugu da ƙari, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kira hare-haren "mai ban tsoro", kuma "mai banƙyama".<ref name="UN News Service Section 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-13 |title=UN News |url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52250#.WneWi1SnHcs |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=UN News Service Section}}</ref> Shugaban [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, ya yi Allah wadai da "harin barbaric", kuma ya ba da ta'aziyya ga wadanda abin ya shafa.<ref name="Kodjo 2015">{{Cite web |last=Kodjo |first=Tchioffo |date=2015-10-11 |title=The African Union strongly condemns the Boko Haram terrorist attacks in Chad and Cameroon-African Union |url=http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/the-african-union-strongly-condemns-the-boko-haram-terrorist-attacks-in-chad-and-cameroon |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=African Union,Peace and Security Department}}</ref> Hare-haren da aka kai a kasuwar Baga Sola da 'yan gudun hijira sun sanya shi mafi munin hari da ya faru a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]].<ref name="Al Jazeera America 2015">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-10 |title=Deadly Bombings in Chad |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/10/bombings-in-chad-kill-scores-of-people.html |access-date=2018-02-04 |website=Al Jazeera America}}</ref> Har zuwa yau, Boko Haram ta rasa yawancin yankin da aka yi ikirarin a baya, ban da haka kungiyar ta fuskanci rushewar ƙungiya sakamakon rashin jituwa game da jagoranci. 3fxu4yehrpcj1u8zu301yonp41yloc6 0 152435 840795 2026-05-28T05:08:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355687637|Battle of Lake Chad]]" 840795 wikitext text/x-wiki An yi '''Yaƙin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]''' tsakanin 5 da 8 Nuwamba 2025 a Tafkin Chada a [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] ta [[Najeriya]] tsakanin kungiyoyin jihadi masu adawa da [[Boko Haram]] da Jihar Islama - Lardin Yammacin Afirka (ISWAP). An bayyana rikice-rikicen a matsayin "Yakin turf".<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Jihadist turf war kills around 200 in Nigeria: Sources |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/10/556573/World/Africa/Jihadist-turf-war-kills-around--in-Nigeria-sources.aspx |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tun lokacin da ISWAP ta rabu a matsayin rukuni mai rabuwa daga Boko Haram a cikin 2016, : 5 kungiyoyin biyu sun kasance cikin rikici na yanki na jihadi game da tasiri a yankin [[Yankin Chadi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=JAS vs. ISWAP: The War of the Boko Haram Splinters |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/b196-jas-vs-iswap-war-boko-haram-splinters |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[International Crisis Group]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> A cikin shekaru kafin yaƙin, rikici a cikin Chadi Basin yana kara muni, tare da ISWAP tana riƙe da iko da tsibirai a cikin tafkin tun daga 2021 a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Camp Holocaust campaign|Yakin Holocaust na sansanin]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Abi |last2=Adebayo |first2=Taiwo |date=21 August 2025 |title=Ask the Experts: Lessons for Regional Stability in the Lake Chad Basin |url=https://gppi.net/2025/08/21/ask-the-experts-lessons-for-regional-stability-in-the-lake-chad-basin |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Global Public Policy Institute]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=14 July 2025 |title=Lake Chad Basin’s military bases in ISWAP’s crosshairs |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/lake-chad-basin-s-military-bases-in-iswap-s-crosshairs |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> Matsayinsu a kan waɗannan yankuna ya faru ne a kusa da Mayu 2021, lokacin da ISWAP ta kai hari kan [[Dajin Sambisa]], sansanin Boko Haram. <ref name=":2" /> A tsakiyar shekara ta 2025, an bayyana sansanonin soja da yawa da kuma sansanonin da ke [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da kuma rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Najeriya (MNJTF) da ke cikin Chadi Basin a matsayin "masu saurin kai hare-hare" ta ISWAP. Matsayi marasa ma'aikata da na nesa sun kasance masu rauni ga dabarun sauyawa na kungiyar zuwa Hare-haren dare tare da bindigogi masu sauƙi da bama-bamai marasa matuka. Hare-haren da ISWAP suka yi suna karuwa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=14 July 2025 |title=Lake Chad Basin’s military bases in ISWAP’s crosshairs |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/lake-chad-basin-s-military-bases-in-iswap-s-crosshairs |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2025, Boko Haram ta kalubalanci nasarar ISWAP, wanda aka sake farfadowa da MNJTF ta mayar da hankali kan ISWAP da gazawar shirye-shiryen rushewa, demobilization, da sake hadewa (DDR). Hanyoyin Boko Haram na kai hari kan matsayin soja sun yi kama da na ISWAP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=11 September 2025 |title=JAS resurgence deepens Lake Chad Basin’s complex security crisis |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/jas-resurgence-deepens-lake-chad-basin-s-complex-security-crisis |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> == Yaƙi == Tsakanin 5 da 8 ga Nuwamba 2025, mayakan Boko Haram sun kaddamar da mamayewar sojan ruwa a kan sansanonin [[Kasashen Musulunci - Nahiyar Yammacin Afirka|ISWAP]] a fadin tsibirai daban-daban a Tafkin Chadi. Hassan Buduma da Mohd Hassan ne suka jagoranci hare-haren kuma sun yi amfani da mayakan da yawa da ke dauke da makamai masu nauyi a kan jiragen ruwa. Sojojin sun ba da rahoton cewa "yawancin matattu an yi imanin cewa membobin ISWAP ne," tare da rikice-rikicen da ya bar akalla 'yan bindiga 4 na Boko Haram sun mutu kuma tsakanin 170 zuwa 200 membobin ISVAP sun mutu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> Boko Haram ta samu nasarar kwace sansanonin ISWAP da makaman su, wadanda suka tsira sun koma matsayinsu na asali a kauyukan Ali Jillimari, Metele, Kangarwa, da Gudumbali a arewacin [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], Najeriya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> Uku ne kawai daga cikin jiragen ISWAP suka tsere, an kama wasu bakwai tare da makamai da harsashi. == Bayan haka == Bayan yakin, [[Sojojin Sama na Najeriya]] sun kaddamar da jerin hare-haren sama a kan matsayin ISWAP a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, suna da niyya ga Tafkin Chadi, da kuma wasu jihohi da yawa a arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fries |first=Galen |date=11 November 2025 |title=Nigerian Air Force Conducts Coordinated Airstrikes Across Six Northern Nigerian States |url=https://sofrep.com/news/nigerian-air-force-conducts-coordinated-airstrikes-across-six-northern-nigerian-states/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Sofrep}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Yaƙin dajin Sambisa == Manazarta == 17dtjoq3gobtu1kgec80u30p9quehdh 840796 840795 2026-05-28T05:08:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 840796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An yi '''Yaƙin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]''' tsakanin 5 da 8 Nuwamba 2025 a Tafkin Chada a [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] ta [[Najeriya]] tsakanin kungiyoyin jihadi masu adawa da [[Boko Haram]] da Jihar Islama - Lardin Yammacin Afirka (ISWAP). An bayyana rikice-rikicen a matsayin "Yakin turf".<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Jihadist turf war kills around 200 in Nigeria: Sources |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/10/556573/World/Africa/Jihadist-turf-war-kills-around--in-Nigeria-sources.aspx |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tun lokacin da ISWAP ta rabu a matsayin rukuni mai rabuwa daga Boko Haram a cikin 2016, : 5 kungiyoyin biyu sun kasance cikin rikici na yanki na jihadi game da tasiri a yankin [[Yankin Chadi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=JAS vs. ISWAP: The War of the Boko Haram Splinters |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/b196-jas-vs-iswap-war-boko-haram-splinters |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[International Crisis Group]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> A cikin shekaru kafin yaƙin, rikici a cikin Chadi Basin yana kara muni, tare da ISWAP tana riƙe da iko da tsibirai a cikin tafkin tun daga 2021 a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Camp Holocaust campaign|Yakin Holocaust na sansanin]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Abi |last2=Adebayo |first2=Taiwo |date=21 August 2025 |title=Ask the Experts: Lessons for Regional Stability in the Lake Chad Basin |url=https://gppi.net/2025/08/21/ask-the-experts-lessons-for-regional-stability-in-the-lake-chad-basin |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Global Public Policy Institute]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=14 July 2025 |title=Lake Chad Basin’s military bases in ISWAP’s crosshairs |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/lake-chad-basin-s-military-bases-in-iswap-s-crosshairs |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> Matsayinsu a kan waɗannan yankuna ya faru ne a kusa da Mayu 2021, lokacin da ISWAP ta kai hari kan [[Dajin Sambisa]], sansanin Boko Haram. <ref name=":2" /> A tsakiyar shekara ta 2025, an bayyana sansanonin soja da yawa da kuma sansanonin da ke [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da kuma rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Najeriya (MNJTF) da ke cikin Chadi Basin a matsayin "masu saurin kai hare-hare" ta ISWAP. Matsayi marasa ma'aikata da na nesa sun kasance masu rauni ga dabarun sauyawa na kungiyar zuwa Hare-haren dare tare da bindigogi masu sauƙi da bama-bamai marasa matuka. Hare-haren da ISWAP suka yi suna karuwa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=14 July 2025 |title=Lake Chad Basin’s military bases in ISWAP’s crosshairs |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/lake-chad-basin-s-military-bases-in-iswap-s-crosshairs |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2025, Boko Haram ta kalubalanci nasarar ISWAP, wanda aka sake farfadowa da MNJTF ta mayar da hankali kan ISWAP da gazawar shirye-shiryen rushewa, demobilization, da sake hadewa (DDR). Hanyoyin Boko Haram na kai hari kan matsayin soja sun yi kama da na ISWAP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Taiwo |date=11 September 2025 |title=JAS resurgence deepens Lake Chad Basin’s complex security crisis |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/jas-resurgence-deepens-lake-chad-basin-s-complex-security-crisis |access-date=14 December 2025 |website=[[Institute for Security Studies]]}}</ref> == Yaƙi == Tsakanin 5 da 8 ga Nuwamba 2025, mayakan Boko Haram sun kaddamar da mamayewar sojan ruwa a kan sansanonin [[Kasashen Musulunci - Nahiyar Yammacin Afirka|ISWAP]] a fadin tsibirai daban-daban a Tafkin Chadi. Hassan Buduma da Mohd Hassan ne suka jagoranci hare-haren kuma sun yi amfani da mayakan da yawa da ke dauke da makamai masu nauyi a kan jiragen ruwa. Sojojin sun ba da rahoton cewa "yawancin matattu an yi imanin cewa membobin ISWAP ne," tare da rikice-rikicen da ya bar akalla 'yan bindiga 4 na Boko Haram sun mutu kuma tsakanin 170 zuwa 200 membobin ISVAP sun mutu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> Boko Haram ta samu nasarar kwace sansanonin ISWAP da makaman su, wadanda suka tsira sun koma matsayinsu na asali a kauyukan Ali Jillimari, Metele, Kangarwa, da Gudumbali a arewacin [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], Najeriya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2025 |title=Clashes between rival terrorist groups in Nigeria leave at least 200 dead: Media reports |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/english/article/6bd003b94d77 |website=TRT Afrika}}</ref> Uku ne kawai daga cikin jiragen ISWAP suka tsere, an kama wasu bakwai tare da makamai da harsashi. == Bayan haka == Bayan yakin, [[Sojojin Sama na Najeriya]] sun kaddamar da jerin hare-haren sama a kan matsayin ISWAP a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, suna da niyya ga Tafkin Chadi, da kuma wasu jihohi da yawa a arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fries |first=Galen |date=11 November 2025 |title=Nigerian Air Force Conducts Coordinated Airstrikes Across Six Northern Nigerian States |url=https://sofrep.com/news/nigerian-air-force-conducts-coordinated-airstrikes-across-six-northern-nigerian-states/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Sofrep}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Yaƙin dajin Sambisa == Manazarta == g2wtvuaqevmtuorczdh07fo3cazr01s 0 152436 840797 2026-05-28T05:09:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350637534|December 2015 Chad suicide bombings]]" 840797 wikitext text/x-wiki A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015 an yi harin bam a Chadi a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 2015 lokacin da 'yan bindiga hudu da suka kashe kansu a Tafkin Chadi suka kashe akalla mutane 15 kuma wasu 130 suka ji rauni. Mata huɗu sun kai harin a kasuwar mako-mako a tsibirin da ke gefen tafkin na Chadi. Babu wata kungiya da ta yi ikirarin alhakin; jami'ai suna zargin cewa mambobin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Boko Haram ne suka kai hare-haren daga makwabciyar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Lake Chad suicide blasts 'kill 27' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35015556 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Chad says suicide blasts kill at least 15 in Lake Chad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-chad-idUSKBN0TO0FM20151205 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3e3jhlqtojntcflesz2awteu1xqs5u1 840798 840797 2026-05-28T05:09:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 840798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015 an yi harin bam a Chadi a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 2015 lokacin da 'yan bindiga hudu da suka kashe kansu a Tafkin Chadi suka kashe akalla mutane 15 kuma wasu 130 suka ji rauni. Mata huɗu sun kai harin a kasuwar mako-mako a tsibirin da ke gefen tafkin na Chadi. Babu wata kungiya da ta yi ikirarin alhakin; jami'ai suna zargin cewa mambobin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Boko Haram ne suka kai hare-haren daga makwabciyar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Lake Chad suicide blasts 'kill 27' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35015556 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Chad says suicide blasts kill at least 15 in Lake Chad |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-chad-idUSKBN0TO0FM20151205 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6xe0u0n7m8l22e5xcbkaxh783yozjcf 0 152437 840799 2026-05-28T05:09:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297744710|Koulfoua]]" 840799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koulfoua''' tsibiri ne a [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] a Chadi. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015, dubban 'yan gudun hijirar Najeriya sun zauna a tsibirin, suna tserewa daga [[Boko Haram]]. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, 'yan bindigar da suka kashe kansu suka kai wa Koulfoua hari. An ruwaito mutane 30 ne suka mutu, yayin da aka ruwaito cewa sama da 200 ne suka ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad: MSF Teams Provide Support after Deadly Attack in Koulfoua Island {{!}} Doctors Without Borders - USA |url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/chad-msf-teams-provide-support-after-deadly-attack-koulfoua-island |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.doctorswithoutborders.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == iankpg7e0gvb7jgu06ny4kxdchqshcl 840802 840799 2026-05-28T05:10:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 840802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Koulfoua''' tsibiri ne a [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] a Chadi. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015, dubban 'yan gudun hijirar Najeriya sun zauna a tsibirin, suna tserewa daga [[Boko Haram]]. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, 'yan bindigar da suka kashe kansu suka kai wa Koulfoua hari. An ruwaito mutane 30 ne suka mutu, yayin da aka ruwaito cewa sama da 200 ne suka ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad: MSF Teams Provide Support after Deadly Attack in Koulfoua Island {{!}} Doctors Without Borders - USA |url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/chad-msf-teams-provide-support-after-deadly-attack-koulfoua-island |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=www.doctorswithoutborders.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == g76gcdkmcys8niidi6oh0d1ez5kkjqg 0 152438 840800 2026-05-28T05:10:03Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350079752|Tana River County]]" 840800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gundumar Kogin Tana''' gunduma ce da ke tsohon [[Kidimu|lardin gabar tekun]] [[Kenya]] . An sanya mata suna ne bayan kogin Tana, wanda shine mafi tsayi a Kenya. Tana da fadin kasa {{Convert|38437|km2|sqmi}} kuma tana da yawan jama'a 315,943 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2019. Gundumar tana iyaka da Gundumar Kitui a yamma, Gundumar Garissa a arewa maso gabas, Gundumar Isiolo a arewa, Gundumar Lamu a kudu maso gabas, Gundumar Kilifi a kudu da kuma tekun Indiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tanariver.go.ke/about-us-2/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=County Government of Tana River |language=en-US}}</ref> Hedkwatar gudanarwa ta gundumar ita ce Hola wadda aka fi sani da Galole. Gundumar tana da ƙananan gundumomi biyar; Tana Delta, Kogin Tana, Tana Arewa, Galedyertu, da Bangal. Baya ga Kogin Tana, akwai koguna da dama na yanayi a gundumar da aka fi sani da Galan, waɗanda ke gudana daga gundumomin Kitui da Makueni ta yamma zuwa gabas, suna malalowa cikin Kogin Tana sannan daga ƙarshe su shiga [[Tekun Indiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tanariver.go.ke/about-us-2/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=County Government of Tana River}}</ref> == Garin tarihi na Ungwana == Garin tarihi na Ungwana, kusa da bakin Kogin Tana, gida ne ga manyan masallatai guda biyu waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ban sha'awa da manyan masallatan Gedi . === Masallacin Juma'a: faɗaɗawa da sauyi === [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|Masallacin Juma'a]] na birnin, wanda a da tsawonsa ya kai mita 17, yana da baka mai siffar ogee wanda ke shimfida [[mihrab]] (wurin addu'a). Abubuwan ado na murjani da kuma hoton wani faifan murabba'i mai faɗi (mai yiwuwa yumbu ko marmara) sun ƙawata layin. Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano tarkacen yumbu da aka gina tun ƙarni na 14, wanda ke nuna yiwuwar ranar da aka gina masallacin. Wani babban faɗaɗawa zuwa gabas ya yi daidai da farkon ƙarni na 15 ga masallacin Juma'a. Wannan sabon sashe mai kusurwa huɗu yana nuna tsawon ginin asali amma yana da ɗan faɗi kaɗan. An raba zauren addu'a zuwa wurare huɗu da aka raba da layuka uku na ginshiƙai murabba'i shida. Faɗin ya haɗa da ƙarin ƙofofi: huɗu a yamma sun ba da damar shiga tsohon sashe, yayin da biyu masu baka na ogee a gabas suka kai ga wani katangar dutse da ɗakuna da ke gefen mihrab. Wani abin lura na wannan faɗaɗawa shi ne ƙara ginshiƙi mai kusurwa huɗu kai tsaye a gaban mihrab da kuma wani babban minbar mai matakai bakwai da aka gina a kan bangon qibla. Bayan minbar yana da simintin filasta mai sarkakiya, kuma ƙananan ramuka sun nuna kasancewar tsohon balustrade na katako. Waɗannan canje-canje, waɗanda aka kiyasta sun faru tsakanin 1400 da 1450, suna tayar da tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da dalilan da ke bayan irin wannan gagarumin sauyi. === Kwatanta mai ban sha'awa da Gedi === Lokacin da aka faɗaɗa wannan masallacin Juma'a ya yi daidai da gina sabon Babban Masallaci a Gedi . Wannan haɗin kai yana nuna yiwuwar alaƙa, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da babban sauyi na addini ko siyasa a yankin da ke kusa da bakin Kogin Tana da Mida Bay. Musamman ma, ƙara ginshiƙi na uku da ke gaban mihrab ba lallai ne ya kasance mai aiki ba ne kawai amma yana iya nuna tasirin wata ƙungiyar Musulmi a cikin al'umma. === Masallaci na biyu === Ungwana tana da masallaci na biyu mai tarin abubuwan gine-gine masu ban sha'awa. Sashen arewacin wannan masallaci yana riƙe da asalin lintels na teak da aka shigo da su daga Indiya, waɗanda aka sassaka su da siffofi masu ban mamaki. Bakin mihrab yana da ƙira ta musamman, yana haɗa siffar ogee da rabin da'ira a saman. Tsarin yana nuna tarin abubuwa masu kyau, gami da yumbu mai rufi a kan lintel da tympanum, wani architrave da aka yi wa ado da ƙashin kifi, da ginshiƙan murjani mai tubali ɗaya tare da bangarorin da aka saka a ciki. Tsarin apse ya bambanta daga al'ada, tare da siffofi masu kusurwa uku da ƙira. Musamman ma, mihrab ɗin yana kan rufin wani kumbo mai siffar ƙwallo wanda aka ɗora masa kwalban celadon na yumbu, kamar na masallacin Fakhr al-Din, maimakon rabin kumbo. Wannan jinginar ra'ayin kumbo mai siffar ƙwallo yana nuna yaɗuwar salo a duk faɗin yankin. Duk da haka, karɓuwarsa ta yaɗu wataƙila ta kasance ta iyakance ta hanyar dabarun gini masu rikitarwa da ake buƙata. === Tarihin lokaci da kuma yiwuwar ƙarin bincike === Kasancewar masallaci na biyu da kuma abubuwan da suka kebanta da shi sun gabatar da wani abin mamaki na tarihi. Shin wannan ginin 'na biyu' a zahiri shine babban masallaci na farko a Ungwana, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 13? Wataƙila daga baya an maye gurbinsa da babban masallacin Juma'a, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 14 kuma aka sake gina shi a ƙarni na 15? Gadon gine-ginen masallatan Ungwana, tare da kamanceceniya mai ban sha'awa da Gedi da kuma alamun tasirin waje, yana ba da haske game da yanayin fasaha da addini mai ƙarfi na gabar tekun Swahili. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, gami da cikakken bincike game da bayanan kayan tarihi da kuma nazarin kwatanta yanayin gine-ginen yanki, don warware asirin tarihi gaba ɗaya da kuma fahimtar musayar al'adu da suka tsara waɗannan gine-gine masu ban sha'awa. == Ƙananan gundumomi == Duk da girman yankin [https://ke.geoview.info/tana_river_district,179585 gundumar Kogin Tana], karamar hukumarta ɗaya tilo ita ce Majalisar Gundumar Tana River. Gundumar tana da mazabu uku: Garsen, Galole da Bura, gundumomi 15, wurare 54, da ƙananan wurare 109 [https://girlchildnetwork.org/where-we-work/tana/] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1c0cyt2ulrjjrdn46h29b1xl7z4hjeb 840803 840800 2026-05-28T05:10:37Z Engineer014 44591 840803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Kogin Tana''' gunduma ce da ke tsohon [[Kidimu|lardin gabar tekun]] [[Kenya]] . An sanya mata suna ne bayan kogin Tana, wanda shine mafi tsayi a Kenya. Tana da fadin kasa {{Convert|38437|km2|sqmi}} kuma tana da yawan jama'a 315,943 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2019. Gundumar tana iyaka da Gundumar Kitui a yamma, Gundumar Garissa a arewa maso gabas, Gundumar Isiolo a arewa, Gundumar Lamu a kudu maso gabas, Gundumar Kilifi a kudu da kuma tekun Indiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tanariver.go.ke/about-us-2/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=County Government of Tana River |language=en-US}}</ref> Hedkwatar gudanarwa ta gundumar ita ce Hola wadda aka fi sani da Galole. Gundumar tana da ƙananan gundumomi biyar; Tana Delta, Kogin Tana, Tana Arewa, Galedyertu, da Bangal. Baya ga Kogin Tana, akwai koguna da dama na yanayi a gundumar da aka fi sani da Galan, waɗanda ke gudana daga gundumomin Kitui da Makueni ta yamma zuwa gabas, suna malalowa cikin Kogin Tana sannan daga ƙarshe su shiga [[Tekun Indiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.tanariver.go.ke/about-us-2/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=County Government of Tana River}}</ref> == Garin tarihi na Ungwana == Garin tarihi na Ungwana, kusa da bakin Kogin Tana, gida ne ga manyan masallatai guda biyu waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ban sha'awa da manyan masallatan Gedi . === Masallacin Juma'a: faɗaɗawa da sauyi === [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|Masallacin Juma'a]] na birnin, wanda a da tsawonsa ya kai mita 17, yana da baka mai siffar ogee wanda ke shimfida [[mihrab]] (wurin addu'a). Abubuwan ado na murjani da kuma hoton wani faifan murabba'i mai faɗi (mai yiwuwa yumbu ko marmara) sun ƙawata layin. Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano tarkacen yumbu da aka gina tun ƙarni na 14, wanda ke nuna yiwuwar ranar da aka gina masallacin. Wani babban faɗaɗawa zuwa gabas ya yi daidai da farkon ƙarni na 15 ga masallacin Juma'a. Wannan sabon sashe mai kusurwa huɗu yana nuna tsawon ginin asali amma yana da ɗan faɗi kaɗan. An raba zauren addu'a zuwa wurare huɗu da aka raba da layuka uku na ginshiƙai murabba'i shida. Faɗin ya haɗa da ƙarin ƙofofi: huɗu a yamma sun ba da damar shiga tsohon sashe, yayin da biyu masu baka na ogee a gabas suka kai ga wani katangar dutse da ɗakuna da ke gefen mihrab. Wani abin lura na wannan faɗaɗawa shi ne ƙara ginshiƙi mai kusurwa huɗu kai tsaye a gaban mihrab da kuma wani babban minbar mai matakai bakwai da aka gina a kan bangon qibla. Bayan minbar yana da simintin filasta mai sarkakiya, kuma ƙananan ramuka sun nuna kasancewar tsohon balustrade na katako. Waɗannan canje-canje, waɗanda aka kiyasta sun faru tsakanin 1400 da 1450, suna tayar da tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da dalilan da ke bayan irin wannan gagarumin sauyi. === Kwatanta mai ban sha'awa da Gedi === Lokacin da aka faɗaɗa wannan masallacin Juma'a ya yi daidai da gina sabon Babban Masallaci a Gedi . Wannan haɗin kai yana nuna yiwuwar alaƙa, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da babban sauyi na addini ko siyasa a yankin da ke kusa da bakin Kogin Tana da Mida Bay. Musamman ma, ƙara ginshiƙi na uku da ke gaban mihrab ba lallai ne ya kasance mai aiki ba ne kawai amma yana iya nuna tasirin wata ƙungiyar Musulmi a cikin al'umma. === Masallaci na biyu === Ungwana tana da masallaci na biyu mai tarin abubuwan gine-gine masu ban sha'awa. Sashen arewacin wannan masallaci yana riƙe da asalin lintels na teak da aka shigo da su daga Indiya, waɗanda aka sassaka su da siffofi masu ban mamaki. Bakin mihrab yana da ƙira ta musamman, yana haɗa siffar ogee da rabin da'ira a saman. Tsarin yana nuna tarin abubuwa masu kyau, gami da yumbu mai rufi a kan lintel da tympanum, wani architrave da aka yi wa ado da ƙashin kifi, da ginshiƙan murjani mai tubali ɗaya tare da bangarorin da aka saka a ciki. Tsarin apse ya bambanta daga al'ada, tare da siffofi masu kusurwa uku da ƙira. Musamman ma, mihrab ɗin yana kan rufin wani kumbo mai siffar ƙwallo wanda aka ɗora masa kwalban celadon na yumbu, kamar na masallacin Fakhr al-Din, maimakon rabin kumbo. Wannan jinginar ra'ayin kumbo mai siffar ƙwallo yana nuna yaɗuwar salo a duk faɗin yankin. Duk da haka, karɓuwarsa ta yaɗu wataƙila ta kasance ta iyakance ta hanyar dabarun gini masu rikitarwa da ake buƙata. === Tarihin lokaci da kuma yiwuwar ƙarin bincike === Kasancewar masallaci na biyu da kuma abubuwan da suka kebanta da shi sun gabatar da wani abin mamaki na tarihi. Shin wannan ginin 'na biyu' a zahiri shine babban masallaci na farko a Ungwana, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 13? Wataƙila daga baya an maye gurbinsa da babban masallacin Juma'a, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 14 kuma aka sake gina shi a ƙarni na 15? Gadon gine-ginen masallatan Ungwana, tare da kamanceceniya mai ban sha'awa da Gedi da kuma alamun tasirin waje, yana ba da haske game da yanayin fasaha da addini mai ƙarfi na gabar tekun Swahili. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, gami da cikakken bincike game da bayanan kayan tarihi da kuma nazarin kwatanta yanayin gine-ginen yanki, don warware asirin tarihi gaba ɗaya da kuma fahimtar musayar al'adu da suka tsara waɗannan gine-gine masu ban sha'awa. == Ƙananan gundumomi == Duk da girman yankin [https://ke.geoview.info/tana_river_district,179585 gundumar Kogin Tana], karamar hukumarta ɗaya tilo ita ce Majalisar Gundumar Tana River. Gundumar tana da mazabu uku: Garsen, Galole da Bura, gundumomi 15, wurare 54, da ƙananan wurare 109 [https://girlchildnetwork.org/where-we-work/tana/] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 19o5tduu1f4op1k86ffgpvhrcgwj3p4 840828 840803 2026-05-28T05:21:16Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1303113670|Tana River District]]" 840828 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kenya]]" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Districts of Kenya">gundumar Tana River wani yanki ne na Lardin Coast, Kenya . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin Tana da kansa. Kafin rabuwa da ta haifar da kirkirar Gundumar Tana Delta, Kogin Tana yana da yanki kamar yadda ya kai kilomita 38,446 (14,844 sq . <ref name="statoids">{{Cite web |title=Districts of Kenya |url=http://www.statoids.com/yke.html |access-date=2012-08-23 |publisher=Statoids.com}}</ref> Babban birnin gundumar shi ne Hola, wanda aka fi sani da Galole . A cikin lardin Tanaland, an kafa gundumar Kogin Tana a shekarar 1897, tare da hedikwatarta a Kipini . A shekarar 1920, an soke Lardin Tanaland, an gudanar da wani ɓangare na gundumar daga Kismayu kuma aka mayar da ita ga Kan iyakar Arewa a shekarar 1922. A shekarar 1923, an haɗa Kogin Tana da Gundumar Lamu, don haka ya faɗi cikin [[Kidimu|Lardin Teku]] . Kogin Tana ya sake samun matsayin gundumar a shekarar 1927, inda ya sake kafa hedikwatarsa a Kipini. An haɗa Lamu da Kogin Tana a shekarar 1935, kuma tsakanin 1944 da 1948. A shekarar 1959, an ƙaura da hedikwatar gundumar daga Kipini zuwa Galole, sannan aka sake duba sassan gundumar na gundumar Kitui ta lardin Tsakiya tare da Kogin Tana, yayin da yankunan karkara na Kogin Tana suka yi ɓuya suka haɗa da Gundumar Garissa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=description of the districts and provinces |url=https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=6&article=1005&context=books&type=additional |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Syracuse University |page=6}}</ref> A shekarar 1963, Kogin Tana yana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin Lardin Teku na Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Gazette dated 2nd April, 1963 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1963/ke-government-gazette-dated-1963-04-09-no-16.pdf |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=Gazettes.Africa}}</ref> Manyan kabilun su ne Pokomo, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu manoma ne, da kuma Orma da Wardey, waɗanda galibi makiyaya ne. Gabaɗaya gundumar tana da bushewa kuma tana fuskantar fari. Ruwan sama ba ya tsayawa, inda ake samun ruwan sama a watan Maris-Mayu da Oktoba-Disamba. An sami rikice-rikice tsakanin manoma da makiyaya kan samun ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa ita ma matsala ce ta yau da kullun, sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a yankunan da ke sama da Kogin Tana. A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2012, a cikin mummunan lamari da ya faru a Kenya tun 2007, akalla mutane 52 aka kashe a rikicin ƙabilanci a Gundumar Kogin Tana tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Orma da Pokomo. <ref name="AJ">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2012 |title=Dozens killed in Kenya clashes |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282214141543505.html |access-date=22 August 2012 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> An raba gundumar Kogin Tana gida biyu, tare da wani yanki da Tana Delta ta samar. Kogin Tana yana da jimillar mutane 143,411, yayin da Tana Delta ke da mutane 96,664. Yawancin mutanen karkara ne a fadin gundumomin biyu, tare da jimillar mutane 204,210. <ref name="Population">{{Cite web |title=The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census |url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/21195/Census-2009.pdf |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Amazonaws |pages=74, 234, 235}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, bayan an ƙaddamar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Kenya, an tsara ƙirƙirar gundumomi bisa ga gundumomin Kenya waɗanda a shekarar 1992 suka kafa. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a mayar da iyakokin Gundumar Kogin Tana kafin rabuwa da Tana Delta don ƙirƙirar [[Gundumar Kogin Tana]] . == Ƙananan gundumomi == Duk da girman yankin gundumar Kogin Tana, hukumar yankinta ɗaya tilo ita ce Majalisar Gundumar Tana River. Gundumar tana da mazabu uku: Garsen, Galole da Bura . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] j0hc9ug4kptwklm287uml33sqwzhc9t 840830 840828 2026-05-28T05:21:55Z Engineer014 44591 840830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Kenya]]" id="mwDg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Districts of Kenya">gundumar Tana River wani yanki ne na Lardin Coast, Kenya . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin Tana da kansa. Kafin rabuwa da ta haifar da kirkirar Gundumar Tana Delta, Kogin Tana yana da yanki kamar yadda ya kai kilomita 38,446 (14,844 sq . <ref name="statoids">{{Cite web |title=Districts of Kenya |url=http://www.statoids.com/yke.html |access-date=2012-08-23 |publisher=Statoids.com}}</ref> Babban birnin gundumar shi ne Hola, wanda aka fi sani da Galole . A cikin lardin Tanaland, an kafa gundumar Kogin Tana a shekarar 1897, tare da hedikwatarta a Kipini . A shekarar 1920, an soke Lardin Tanaland, an gudanar da wani ɓangare na gundumar daga Kismayu kuma aka mayar da ita ga Kan iyakar Arewa a shekarar 1922. A shekarar 1923, an haɗa Kogin Tana da Gundumar Lamu, don haka ya faɗi cikin [[Kidimu|Lardin Teku]] . Kogin Tana ya sake samun matsayin gundumar a shekarar 1927, inda ya sake kafa hedikwatarsa a Kipini. An haɗa Lamu da Kogin Tana a shekarar 1935, kuma tsakanin 1944 da 1948. A shekarar 1959, an ƙaura da hedikwatar gundumar daga Kipini zuwa Galole, sannan aka sake duba sassan gundumar na gundumar Kitui ta lardin Tsakiya tare da Kogin Tana, yayin da yankunan karkara na Kogin Tana suka yi ɓuya suka haɗa da Gundumar Garissa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=description of the districts and provinces |url=https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=6&article=1005&context=books&type=additional |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Syracuse University |page=6}}</ref> A shekarar 1963, Kogin Tana yana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin Lardin Teku na Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya Gazette dated 2nd April, 1963 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1963/ke-government-gazette-dated-1963-04-09-no-16.pdf |access-date=22 September 2023 |website=Gazettes.Africa}}</ref> Manyan kabilun su ne Pokomo, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu manoma ne, da kuma Orma da Wardey, waɗanda galibi makiyaya ne. Gabaɗaya gundumar tana da bushewa kuma tana fuskantar fari. Ruwan sama ba ya tsayawa, inda ake samun ruwan sama a watan Maris-Mayu da Oktoba-Disamba. An sami rikice-rikice tsakanin manoma da makiyaya kan samun ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa ita ma matsala ce ta yau da kullun, sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a yankunan da ke sama da Kogin Tana. A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2012, a cikin mummunan lamari da ya faru a Kenya tun 2007, akalla mutane 52 aka kashe a rikicin ƙabilanci a Gundumar Kogin Tana tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Orma da Pokomo. <ref name="AJ">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2012 |title=Dozens killed in Kenya clashes |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/201282214141543505.html |access-date=22 August 2012 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> An raba gundumar Kogin Tana gida biyu, tare da wani yanki da Tana Delta ta samar. Kogin Tana yana da jimillar mutane 143,411, yayin da Tana Delta ke da mutane 96,664. Yawancin mutanen karkara ne a fadin gundumomin biyu, tare da jimillar mutane 204,210. <ref name="Population">{{Cite web |title=The 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census |url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3.sourceafrica.net/documents/21195/Census-2009.pdf |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Amazonaws |pages=74, 234, 235}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, bayan an ƙaddamar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Kenya, an tsara ƙirƙirar gundumomi bisa ga gundumomin Kenya waɗanda a shekarar 1992 suka kafa. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne a mayar da iyakokin Gundumar Kogin Tana kafin rabuwa da Tana Delta don ƙirƙirar [[Gundumar Kogin Tana]] . == Ƙananan gundumomi == Duk da girman yankin gundumar Kogin Tana, hukumar yankinta ɗaya tilo ita ce Majalisar Gundumar Tana River. Gundumar tana da mazabu uku: Garsen, Galole da Bura . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] flj8cn8fdnlybxxvs99iifzi4y3m0bq 0 152439 840804 2026-05-28T05:12:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302642518|Lake Chad Basin Commission]]" 840804 wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar Lake Chad Basin ('''LCBC''' ko '''CBLT''' a Faransanci) kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke kula da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon. Akwai gwamnatoci mambobi takwas - watau, [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Najeriya]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Libya]], da [[Sudan]] - waɗanda aka zaba saboda kusanci da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. Sakatariyar kungiyar tana cikin [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]], Chadi. LCBC ita ce tsohuwar kogi ko kungiyar tafkin Afirka. A cikin takardar kafa ta (Kwamitin da Dokokin da suka shafi Ci gaban Basin Chadi) bangarorin sun himmatu ga amfani da albarkatun kasa na kwandon. Yana cikin memba na Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Basin (INBO).<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin a cikin 1964 ta kasashe hudu da ke kan iyakar Tafkin Chadi: Kamaru, Chadi, Nijar da Najeriya. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga kungiyar a shekarar 1996, an shigar da Libya a shekarar 2008. Matsayin mai kallo yana hannun Sudan, Masar, Jamhuriyar Kongo da Jamhuriwar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Manufofin hukumar sune tsarawa da sarrafa amfani da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon da kuma fara, ingantawa, da daidaita ayyukan ci gaban albarkatun halitta da bincike. == Kasancewa memba da kudade == A fannin ruwa, [[Yankin Chadi|Yankin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] (ba dukansu ba ne ke ciyar da Tafkin Chadi) ya haɗa da ƙasashe takwas, waɗanda, a cikin ƙasa mai saukowa, sun haɗa da: Chadi, [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Najeriya]], [[Sudan]], [[Aljeriya]], da [[Libya]]. [[Kamaru]], Nijar, Najeriya da Chadi (kasashe huɗu da ke dauke da sassan Tafkin Chadi da wuraren da ke cikinta) sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Fort Lamy (yanzu [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]) a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1964, wanda ya kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga a 1996, kuma Libya ta shiga a 2008.<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> An shigar da Sudan a watan Yulin 2000, amma tana da matsayin mai lura saboda ba ta tabbatar da yarjejeniyar kafa ba. Aljeriya ba ta riga ta shiga ba, amma a ƙarshe za ta kasance mai sha'awar irin wannan a nan gaba. Sauran ƙasashe masu sa ido sune Masar - a cikin maƙwabcin Kogin Nilu - da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] waɗanda [[Kogin Ubangi]] ke ciyarwa don karkatarwa zuwa Tafkin Chadi. Kasashen membobin suna tallafawa kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 1 na hukumar bisa ga tsarin da aka amince da shi: Najeriya 52%, Kamaru 26%, Chadi 11%, Nijar 7%, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya 4% . <ref>{{Cite web |last=SIRTE |first=LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA |date=15–17 December 2008 |title=HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE ON WATER FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENERGY IN AFRICA: THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-aj720e.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=FAO}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kwamitin Basin na kwamitin don Shirye-shiryen Dabarun (BCSP), yana daidaita ayyukan cikin gida tsakanin jihohin membobin. LCBC tana sarrafa yankuna masu aiki a cikin Chadi Basin, wanda ake kira Conventional Basin. Yankin farko na al'ada ya kunshi kusan 4²,500 km² na jimlar yankin Chadi a shekarar 1964. Ma'anar ta ce ta cire mafi yawan ragowar ƙarshe wanda ya kunshi hamada wanda ke ba da ƙarancin ko babu gudummawar ruwa mai tasiri ga Basin na al'ada. An faɗaɗa wannan daga baya don haɗawa da ƙarin ruwa a arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Chadi, da arewacin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da jimlar yanki na yanzu na 967,000 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp; Wasu ayyukan kasashe membobin LCBC suna da alaƙa da Shirin GEF. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2002, LCBC ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar tare da Ofishin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a kan Wetlands. A watan Yulin 2000, an ayyana Tafkin Chadi a matsayin Gidan Ramsar na Muhimmancin Kasa da Kasa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa ta yankunan kiyayewa na ƙasa da na yanki a cikin Basin Chadi da kuma kafa cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don gudanar da su mai ɗorewa. A cikin wannan alaƙa an ƙaddamar da Shirin Wetlands na Chadi (CHADWET) a watan Yunin 2003, wanda Ofishin Ramsar da Sashin Gudanar da Bahar Rum suka shirya. Tare da goyon bayan MEDWET (Mediterranean Wetlands), reshen Bahar Rum na Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, da Sashin Gudanarwa, an shirya CHADWET don bunkasa akan samfurin MEDWET, kuma a cikin tsarin shirin GEF. Tare da hangen nesa don samun kudade, akwai shirye-shiryen gabatar da CHADWET ga Taron Ramsar a watan Nuwamba 2005 a matsayin Shirin Yankin Ramsar. 9brfu34cpym0ovd9cidzyf2sfgud8tq 840805 840804 2026-05-28T05:12:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 840805 wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar Lake Chad Basin ('''LCBC''' ko '''CBLT''' a Faransanci) kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke kula da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon. Akwai gwamnatoci mambobi takwas - watau, [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Najeriya]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Libya]], da [[Sudan]] - waɗanda aka zaba saboda kusanci da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. Sakatariyar kungiyar tana cikin [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]], Chadi. LCBC ita ce tsohuwar kogi ko kungiyar tafkin Afirka. A cikin takardar kafa ta (Kwamitin da Dokokin da suka shafi Ci gaban Basin Chadi) bangarorin sun himmatu ga amfani da albarkatun kasa na kwandon. Yana cikin memba na Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Basin (INBO).<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin a cikin 1964 ta kasashe hudu da ke kan iyakar Tafkin Chadi: Kamaru, Chadi, Nijar da Najeriya. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga kungiyar a shekarar 1996, an shigar da Libya a shekarar 2008. Matsayin mai kallo yana hannun Sudan, Masar, Jamhuriyar Kongo da Jamhuriwar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Manufofin hukumar sune tsarawa da sarrafa amfani da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon da kuma fara, ingantawa, da daidaita ayyukan ci gaban albarkatun halitta da bincike. == Kasancewa memba da kudade == A fannin ruwa, [[Yankin Chadi|Yankin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] (ba dukansu ba ne ke ciyar da Tafkin Chadi) ya haɗa da ƙasashe takwas, waɗanda, a cikin ƙasa mai saukowa, sun haɗa da: Chadi, [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Najeriya]], [[Sudan]], [[Aljeriya]], da [[Libya]]. [[Kamaru]], Nijar, Najeriya da Chadi (kasashe huɗu da ke dauke da sassan Tafkin Chadi da wuraren da ke cikinta) sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Fort Lamy (yanzu [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]) a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1964, wanda ya kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga a 1996, kuma Libya ta shiga a 2008.<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> An shigar da Sudan a watan Yulin 2000, amma tana da matsayin mai lura saboda ba ta tabbatar da yarjejeniyar kafa ba. Aljeriya ba ta riga ta shiga ba, amma a ƙarshe za ta kasance mai sha'awar irin wannan a nan gaba. Sauran ƙasashe masu sa ido sune Masar - a cikin maƙwabcin Kogin Nilu - da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] waɗanda [[Kogin Ubangi]] ke ciyarwa don karkatarwa zuwa Tafkin Chadi. Kasashen membobin suna tallafawa kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 1 na hukumar bisa ga tsarin da aka amince da shi: Najeriya 52%, Kamaru 26%, Chadi 11%, Nijar 7%, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya 4% . <ref>{{Cite web |last=SIRTE |first=LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA |date=15–17 December 2008 |title=HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE ON WATER FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENERGY IN AFRICA: THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-aj720e.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=FAO}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kwamitin Basin na kwamitin don Shirye-shiryen Dabarun (BCSP), yana daidaita ayyukan cikin gida tsakanin jihohin membobin. LCBC tana sarrafa yankuna masu aiki a cikin Chadi Basin, wanda ake kira Conventional Basin. Yankin farko na al'ada ya kunshi kusan 4²,500 km² na jimlar yankin Chadi a shekarar 1964. Ma'anar ta ce ta cire mafi yawan ragowar ƙarshe wanda ya kunshi hamada wanda ke ba da ƙarancin ko babu gudummawar ruwa mai tasiri ga Basin na al'ada. An faɗaɗa wannan daga baya don haɗawa da ƙarin ruwa a arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Chadi, da arewacin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da jimlar yanki na yanzu na 967,000 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp; Wasu ayyukan kasashe membobin LCBC suna da alaƙa da Shirin GEF. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2002, LCBC ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar tare da Ofishin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a kan Wetlands. A watan Yulin 2000, an ayyana Tafkin Chadi a matsayin Gidan Ramsar na Muhimmancin Kasa da Kasa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa ta yankunan kiyayewa na ƙasa da na yanki a cikin Basin Chadi da kuma kafa cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don gudanar da su mai ɗorewa. A cikin wannan alaƙa an ƙaddamar da Shirin Wetlands na Chadi (CHADWET) a watan Yunin 2003, wanda Ofishin Ramsar da Sashin Gudanar da Bahar Rum suka shirya. Tare da goyon bayan MEDWET (Mediterranean Wetlands), reshen Bahar Rum na Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, da Sashin Gudanarwa, an shirya CHADWET don bunkasa akan samfurin MEDWET, kuma a cikin tsarin shirin GEF. Tare da hangen nesa don samun kudade, akwai shirye-shiryen gabatar da CHADWET ga Taron Ramsar a watan Nuwamba 2005 a matsayin Shirin Yankin Ramsar. == Manazarta == n7tlyqcw6z0lnkla491qk4rzj2lbyri 840806 840805 2026-05-28T05:12:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 840806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Lake Chad Basin''' ('''LCBC''' ko '''CBLT''' a Faransanci) kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke kula da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon. Akwai gwamnatoci mambobi takwas - watau, [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Najeriya]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Libya]], da [[Sudan]] - waɗanda aka zaba saboda kusanci da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]]. Sakatariyar kungiyar tana cikin [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]], Chadi. LCBC ita ce tsohuwar kogi ko kungiyar tafkin Afirka. A cikin takardar kafa ta (Kwamitin da Dokokin da suka shafi Ci gaban Basin Chadi) bangarorin sun himmatu ga amfani da albarkatun kasa na kwandon. Yana cikin memba na Cibiyar sadarwa ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Basin (INBO).<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin a cikin 1964 ta kasashe hudu da ke kan iyakar Tafkin Chadi: Kamaru, Chadi, Nijar da Najeriya. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga kungiyar a shekarar 1996, an shigar da Libya a shekarar 2008. Matsayin mai kallo yana hannun Sudan, Masar, Jamhuriyar Kongo da Jamhuriwar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Manufofin hukumar sune tsarawa da sarrafa amfani da ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa a cikin kwandon da kuma fara, ingantawa, da daidaita ayyukan ci gaban albarkatun halitta da bincike. == Kasancewa memba da kudade == A fannin ruwa, [[Yankin Chadi|Yankin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] (ba dukansu ba ne ke ciyar da Tafkin Chadi) ya haɗa da ƙasashe takwas, waɗanda, a cikin ƙasa mai saukowa, sun haɗa da: Chadi, [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Najeriya]], [[Sudan]], [[Aljeriya]], da [[Libya]]. [[Kamaru]], Nijar, Najeriya da Chadi (kasashe huɗu da ke dauke da sassan Tafkin Chadi da wuraren da ke cikinta) sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Fort Lamy (yanzu [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]) a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1964, wanda ya kirkiro Hukumar Lake Chad Basin. Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta shiga a 1996, kuma Libya ta shiga a 2008.<ref name="members_official">{{Cite web |title=The Lake Chad Basin Commission |url=http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409004156/http://www.cblt.org/en/lake-chad-basin-commission |archive-date=2014-04-09 |access-date=2014-03-30}}</ref> An shigar da Sudan a watan Yulin 2000, amma tana da matsayin mai lura saboda ba ta tabbatar da yarjejeniyar kafa ba. Aljeriya ba ta riga ta shiga ba, amma a ƙarshe za ta kasance mai sha'awar irin wannan a nan gaba. Sauran ƙasashe masu sa ido sune Masar - a cikin maƙwabcin Kogin Nilu - da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] waɗanda [[Kogin Ubangi]] ke ciyarwa don karkatarwa zuwa Tafkin Chadi. Kasashen membobin suna tallafawa kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan 1 na hukumar bisa ga tsarin da aka amince da shi: Najeriya 52%, Kamaru 26%, Chadi 11%, Nijar 7%, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya 4% . <ref>{{Cite web |last=SIRTE |first=LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA |date=15–17 December 2008 |title=HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE ON WATER FOR AGRICULTURE AND ENERGY IN AFRICA: THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-aj720e.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=FAO}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kwamitin Basin na kwamitin don Shirye-shiryen Dabarun (BCSP), yana daidaita ayyukan cikin gida tsakanin jihohin membobin. LCBC tana sarrafa yankuna masu aiki a cikin Chadi Basin, wanda ake kira Conventional Basin. Yankin farko na al'ada ya kunshi kusan 4²,500 km² na jimlar yankin Chadi a shekarar 1964. Ma'anar ta ce ta cire mafi yawan ragowar ƙarshe wanda ya kunshi hamada wanda ke ba da ƙarancin ko babu gudummawar ruwa mai tasiri ga Basin na al'ada. An faɗaɗa wannan daga baya don haɗawa da ƙarin ruwa a arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Chadi, da arewacin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da jimlar yanki na yanzu na 967,000 km2.&nbsp;&nbsp; Wasu ayyukan kasashe membobin LCBC suna da alaƙa da Shirin GEF. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2002, LCBC ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar tare da Ofishin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a kan Wetlands. A watan Yulin 2000, an ayyana Tafkin Chadi a matsayin Gidan Ramsar na Muhimmancin Kasa da Kasa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa ta yankunan kiyayewa na ƙasa da na yanki a cikin Basin Chadi da kuma kafa cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don gudanar da su mai ɗorewa. A cikin wannan alaƙa an ƙaddamar da Shirin Wetlands na Chadi (CHADWET) a watan Yunin 2003, wanda Ofishin Ramsar da Sashin Gudanar da Bahar Rum suka shirya. Tare da goyon bayan MEDWET (Mediterranean Wetlands), reshen Bahar Rum na Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, da Sashin Gudanarwa, an shirya CHADWET don bunkasa akan samfurin MEDWET, kuma a cikin tsarin shirin GEF. Tare da hangen nesa don samun kudade, akwai shirye-shiryen gabatar da CHADWET ga Taron Ramsar a watan Nuwamba 2005 a matsayin Shirin Yankin Ramsar. == Manazarta == 7d399cpc1bru6heh6an5x4kqf4mbbpl 0 152440 840807 2026-05-28T05:13:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315376841|River prinia]]" 840807 wikitext text/x-wiki Kogin prinia ('''''Prinia fluviatilis''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne na dangin Cisticolidae . Ana samunsa a arewa maso yammacin [[Senegal]], tare da Kogin Neja (kusa da iyakar tsakanin [[Mali]] da Neja), a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] da arewa maso yammaci [[Kenya]]. Yanayinta na halitta sune subtropical ko tropical mai laushi shrubland da maras kyau.<ref>BirdLife International (2018). "Prinia fluviatilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22713618A132268388. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22713618A132268388.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021</ref> == Manazarta == sx9mcf3s2zr8un2hk7663u0p9jrkexk 840808 840807 2026-05-28T05:13:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 840808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin prinia''' ('''''Prinia fluviatilis''''') nau'in [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] ne na dangin Cisticolidae . Ana samunsa a arewa maso yammacin [[Senegal]], tare da Kogin Neja (kusa da iyakar tsakanin [[Mali]] da Neja), a yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] da arewa maso yammaci [[Kenya]]. Yanayinta na halitta sune subtropical ko tropical mai laushi shrubland da maras kyau.<ref>BirdLife International (2018). "Prinia fluviatilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22713618A132268388. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22713618A132268388.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021</ref> == Manazarta == pzed3cb5vvj2ai04rq3yndczwr5nqpv 0 152441 840809 2026-05-28T05:13:53Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347458227|Tana River mangabey]]" 840809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tana River mangabey''' ('''''Cercocebus galeritus''''') wani nau'in dabba ne mai haraji sosai a cikin dangin Cercopithecidae . Wasu hukumomi sun haɗa da taxa ''agilis'' da ''Sanjei'' a matsayin nau'ikan wannan nau'in, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grubb, P. |last2=Butynski, T. M. |last3=Oates, J. F. |last4=Bearder, S. K. |last5=Disotell, T. R. |last6=Groves, C. P. |last7=Struhsaker, T. T. |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Assessment of the diversity of African primates. International Journal of Primatology |volume=24 |pages=1301–1357}}</ref> yayin da wasu ke ba da waɗannan cikakken matsayin jinsin. Yana da yawa a yankunan dazuzzukan kogin da ke gefen kogin Tana a kudu maso gabashin [[Kenya]] . Yana fuskantar barazanar [[Rashin mazaunin|asarar muhalli]] da lalacewar muhalli, wanda ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wieczkowski, J. |last2=Mbora, D. N. M. |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |title=Increasing threats to the conservation of endemic endangered primates and forests of the lower Tana River, Kenya |journal=African Primates |volume=4 |pages=32–40}}</ref> Wannan nau'in, tare da kolobus mai launin ja na Kogin Tana, babban dalilin ƙirƙirar [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|Wurin Ajiye Kayayyakin Ruwa na Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1978, <ref name="kws">{{Cite web |title=Kenya Wildlife Service – Tana River Primate Reserve |url=http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/parks_reserves/TRPR.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222065452/http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/parks_reserves/TRPR.html |archive-date=2010-02-22 |access-date=2009-12-30 |publisher=www.kws.org}}</ref> amma kutsen ɗan adam a cikin wannan wurin ya ci gaba. Kwanan nan, an ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mayar da hekta 20,000 na Kogin Tana Delta zuwa gonakin rake, amma wannan, aƙalla, an dakatar da shi na ɗan lokaci ta Babbar Kotun Kenya. == Bayanin zahiri == Mangabey na Kogin Tana wani nau'in dabba ne mai matsakaicin girma tare da dogon wutsiya mai rabin-prehensile, launin rawaya-kasa-kasa, da kuma tsakiyar kambin kai mai dogon gashi mai duhu. Wannan nau'in yana da fararen fatar ido wanda ya bambanta da fuskarsa mai duhu kamar sauran nau'in ''Cercocebus'' . Ana kyautata zaton wannan bambancin da ke cikin fatar ido ana amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin sadarwa mai rikitarwa na nau'in. <ref name="ARKive">{{Cite web |last=Richardson, M. |date=2006-04-03 |title=Tana River mangabey |url=http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704101243/http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-date=2013-07-04 |access-date=2013-02-06 |publisher=ARKive}}</ref> Wannan nau'in kuma yana da yanayin hakori na musamman don ciyar da goro mai tauri, iri, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. == Halayya da muhalli == Mangabey na Kogin Tana na yau da kullun ne kuma yana da yanayin ƙasa da rabin duniya. Yana yin mafi yawan lokacinsa a ƙasa, amma har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ciyawa saboda wurin barcinsa. Nau'in yana kwana a cikin bishiyoyi kimanin mita 27-37 a tsayi, waɗanda ke da rufin rufin da ya kai 25-60%. Birai suna kwana a cikin rassan waɗannan bishiyoyi ko kusa da babban akwati. Ana kyautata zaton yana kwana a cikin bishiyoyi don rage haɗarin farauta kuma yana zaɓar wannan wurin bisa ga matsayinsa na ƙarshe na ciyarwa a yankin. Girman rukuni yana tsakanin mutane 13-36, kuma wani lokacin yana haɗuwa don samar da tarin mutane 50 zuwa 60. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun ƙunshi maza da yawa da mata da yawa. Nau'in yana da matsakaicin tsawon yini na 1.25&nbsp;km. A lokacin rani lokacin da abinci ke da iyaka, ƙungiyoyi suna kula da yankuna daban-daban ba tare da wani bambanci ba. Don kiyaye waɗannan yankuna, maza suna ba da damar yin magana da kuma nuna yankuna a kan iyakoki. Mazan da ke cikin ƙungiyar kuma suna iya shiga yaƙi mai ƙarfi tare da shugabannin ƙungiyoyi na waje da ke mamaye yankin. A lokacin damina lokacin da abinci yake da yawa, ana raba iyakoki. Jerin neman abinci ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban yana ƙaruwa, kuma akwai babban haɗuwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyoyi sun fi haƙuri da juna kuma suna haɗuwa da haɗuwa. Mangabey na Kogin Tana yana da wasu mafarauta kaɗan, kamar python dutse na Tsakiyar Afirka, gaggafa mai kambi, gaggafa mai yaƙi, da kada na Nilu . Mangabey na Kogin Tana nau'in halitta ne da ke da maza biyu ko fiye a cikin kowace ƙungiya, ya danganta da girman ƙungiyar. Matsakaicin namijin da ya manyanta yana da nauyin kimanin 10.2.&nbsp;kg, yayin da matsakaicin mace babba ke da nauyin kilogiram 5.5,&nbsp;kg, don haka yana nuna girman bambancin jinsi a cikin nau'in. Mace tana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya bayan ta ɗauki ciki kimanin kwanaki 170-180. A cikin watanni biyu na farko bayan haihuwa, mahaifiyar jaririn tana kula da shi kuma tana fara ƙulla alaƙa ta kud da kud. A cikin wata na uku, jaririn ya fara hulɗa da sauran jarirai da manyan 'yan ƙungiyar, amma yana kusa da mahaifiyarsa. Matan da ke cikin ƙungiyar galibi suna da alaƙa mai ɗorewa da uwayensu, yayin da mazan ke samun 'yancin kai kuma suna ɓatar da ƙarin lokaci daga ƙungiyar ko kuma a gefenta. Idan wata ƙungiya ta rasa ɗaya daga cikin mazan, za a iya ɗaukar wani namiji daga mazan da ke zaune a waje don kula da tsarin ƙungiyar. === Abinci mai gina jiki === Nau'in yana da dukkan abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi, yana cin ganye, iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwari, da ƙwai na tsuntsaye. Yana ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye, kuma yana da yanayin ƙasa, inda zai iya yin yawo a cikin tarkacen ganye don neman abinci. Mangabey yana samun mafi yawan abincinsa daga ƙananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu rufi, kodayake yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa yana ciyarwa da motsawa a ƙasa. Yana cinye 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri daga nau'ikan bishiyoyi kusan 50 daban-daban. Ana ciyar da su kashi 48% na yini, yayin da barci ke ɗauke da kashi 15%, kuma hutu yana ɗauke da kashi 14% na yini. Abincin da nau'in ke ci a kowace shekara ya ƙunshi tsaba 46.5% da kuma amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa 25.6%. Muhimman albarkatun abinci ga nau'in sune ''Ficus sycomorus'', wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa ke ɗauke da su a duk shekara, da ''Phoenix reclinata'', wanda shi ma babban nau'in abinci ne da 'ya'yan itatuwa idan wasu ba sa ci. Mangabey na Kogin Tana yana da yanayin hakora wanda ya dace da nau'in abincin da yake ci. Nau'in yana da manyan incisors don yage fata mai tauri akan 'ya'yan itacen da yake ci. Manyan premolars na maxillary da mandibular na huɗu suna da girman saman don niƙa iri, kuma gajarta fuskarsa tana ƙara ƙarfin cizo . == Kare Muhalli == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke fuskantar [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|barazanar zama a cikin mawuyacin hali]] shine asarar muhalli. Haka nan ma lamarin mangabey na Kogin Tana yake. An kiyasta cewa kashi 50% na dajin asali ya ɓace a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Yankin Kogin Tana yana [[Gandun daji|rasa dazuzzukansa ga noma]] . <ref name="ARKive">{{Cite web |last=Richardson, M. |date=2006-04-03 |title=Tana River mangabey |url=http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704101243/http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-date=2013-07-04 |access-date=2013-02-06 |publisher=ARKive}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRichardson,_M.2006">Richardson, M. (2006-04-03). </cite></ref> Ana amfani da sare bishiyoyin rufi don gina kwale-kwale, tattara zuma na daji, da kuma bishiyoyin dabino don yin bahaya da tabarmi. Ana amfani da bishiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin canopy don gina sandunan gini kuma saman ''reclinata na Phoenix'' don tattara ruwan inabin dabino yana da mummunan tasiri ga albarkatun da nau'in ke amfani da su. Ana kuma farautar mangabeys na Kogin Tana kuma kama su saboda lalacewar amfanin gona na gida. Wannan kamawa na iya faruwa kuma yana faruwa a ƙananan matakai a cikin dazuzzuka. An lissafa mangabey na Kogin Tana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Birai 25 Mafi Fuskantar Barazana a Duniya . Wani ƙidayar jama'a na 1994 ya kiyasta cewa yawan nau'in ya kai tsakanin mutane 1,000 zuwa 1,200. An lissafa shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana ta Amurka a matsayin wanda ke fuskantar barazanar Barazana a 1970. An kuma lissafa nau'in a matsayin wanda ke fuskantar barazanar Barazana a ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya kuma a ƙarƙashin CITES an jera shi a ƙarƙashin Shafi na I. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Aji na A na Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun Halitta. An kafa [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|Ma'ajiyar Rijistar Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1976 don kare sauran dazuzzukan da ke gefen Kogin Tana da kuma mangabey na Kogin Tana da ke da wahalar samu. Ma'ajiyar tana kare yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 171.&nbsp;^km2 tare da yankuna biyu na 9.5 da 17.5&nbsp;^km2 tana da dazuzzuka. Wurin ajiyar ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 56% na rukunonin mangabey na Kogin Tana, tare da kusan kashi 44% suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka a wajen wurin ajiyar. Kimanin kashi 10% na rukunonin da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka a wajen wurin ajiyar suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin Aikin Noma na Tana Delta. Manufar Ma'aikatar Kula da Ruwa ta Kogin Tana ita ce kiyaye bambancin halittu a yankin Kogin Tana da kuma kare mangabey na Kogin Tana da ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Kiyaye wannan nau'in halitta babban fifiko ne ga kiyaye dabbobin daji a Kenya. A shekara ta 2007, Babbar Kotun Kenya ta yanke hukuncin cewa ma'aikatar kula da ruwa ba ta bin dokoki. Wannan ya haifar da yankunan dazuzzuka da mangabey ke zaune sun rasa kariyar doka. Tare da rashin kyakkyawan tsarin kula da aikin ban ruwa na Tana Delta, asarar muhalli a wajen ma'aikatar ma'adinai ta ci gaba. Hukumar Raya Kogunan Tana da Athi, wacce ke kula da aikin, yanzu tana cikin shirin fadada don kafa gonar rake, wanda hakan zai cire ƙarin yankunan dazuzzuka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hx3hbonw45exwl8tj5xauz5e9xqkw06 840810 840809 2026-05-28T05:14:26Z Engineer014 44591 840810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tana River mangabey''' ('''''Cercocebus galeritus''''') wani nau'in dabba ne mai haraji sosai a cikin dangin Cercopithecidae . Wasu hukumomi sun haɗa da taxa ''agilis'' da ''Sanjei'' a matsayin nau'ikan wannan nau'in, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grubb, P. |last2=Butynski, T. M. |last3=Oates, J. F. |last4=Bearder, S. K. |last5=Disotell, T. R. |last6=Groves, C. P. |last7=Struhsaker, T. T. |name-list-style=amp |year=2003 |title=Assessment of the diversity of African primates. International Journal of Primatology |volume=24 |pages=1301–1357}}</ref> yayin da wasu ke ba da waɗannan cikakken matsayin jinsin. Yana da yawa a yankunan dazuzzukan kogin da ke gefen kogin Tana a kudu maso gabashin [[Kenya]] . Yana fuskantar barazanar [[Rashin mazaunin|asarar muhalli]] da lalacewar muhalli, wanda ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wieczkowski, J. |last2=Mbora, D. N. M. |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |title=Increasing threats to the conservation of endemic endangered primates and forests of the lower Tana River, Kenya |journal=African Primates |volume=4 |pages=32–40}}</ref> Wannan nau'in, tare da kolobus mai launin ja na Kogin Tana, babban dalilin ƙirƙirar [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|Wurin Ajiye Kayayyakin Ruwa na Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1978, <ref name="kws">{{Cite web |title=Kenya Wildlife Service – Tana River Primate Reserve |url=http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/parks_reserves/TRPR.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100222065452/http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/parks_reserves/TRPR.html |archive-date=2010-02-22 |access-date=2009-12-30 |publisher=www.kws.org}}</ref> amma kutsen ɗan adam a cikin wannan wurin ya ci gaba. Kwanan nan, an ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mayar da hekta 20,000 na Kogin Tana Delta zuwa gonakin rake, amma wannan, aƙalla, an dakatar da shi na ɗan lokaci ta Babbar Kotun Kenya. == Bayanin zahiri == Mangabey na Kogin Tana wani nau'in dabba ne mai matsakaicin girma tare da dogon wutsiya mai rabin-prehensile, launin rawaya-kasa-kasa, da kuma tsakiyar kambin kai mai dogon gashi mai duhu. Wannan nau'in yana da fararen fatar ido wanda ya bambanta da fuskarsa mai duhu kamar sauran nau'in ''Cercocebus'' . Ana kyautata zaton wannan bambancin da ke cikin fatar ido ana amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin sadarwa mai rikitarwa na nau'in. <ref name="ARKive">{{Cite web |last=Richardson, M. |date=2006-04-03 |title=Tana River mangabey |url=http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704101243/http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-date=2013-07-04 |access-date=2013-02-06 |publisher=ARKive}}</ref> Wannan nau'in kuma yana da yanayin hakori na musamman don ciyar da goro mai tauri, iri, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. == Halayya da muhalli == Mangabey na Kogin Tana na yau da kullun ne kuma yana da yanayin ƙasa da rabin duniya. Yana yin mafi yawan lokacinsa a ƙasa, amma har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ciyawa saboda wurin barcinsa. Nau'in yana kwana a cikin bishiyoyi kimanin mita 27-37 a tsayi, waɗanda ke da rufin rufin da ya kai 25-60%. Birai suna kwana a cikin rassan waɗannan bishiyoyi ko kusa da babban akwati. Ana kyautata zaton yana kwana a cikin bishiyoyi don rage haɗarin farauta kuma yana zaɓar wannan wurin bisa ga matsayinsa na ƙarshe na ciyarwa a yankin. Girman rukuni yana tsakanin mutane 13-36, kuma wani lokacin yana haɗuwa don samar da tarin mutane 50 zuwa 60. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun ƙunshi maza da yawa da mata da yawa. Nau'in yana da matsakaicin tsawon yini na 1.25&nbsp;km. A lokacin rani lokacin da abinci ke da iyaka, ƙungiyoyi suna kula da yankuna daban-daban ba tare da wani bambanci ba. Don kiyaye waɗannan yankuna, maza suna ba da damar yin magana da kuma nuna yankuna a kan iyakoki. Mazan da ke cikin ƙungiyar kuma suna iya shiga yaƙi mai ƙarfi tare da shugabannin ƙungiyoyi na waje da ke mamaye yankin. A lokacin damina lokacin da abinci yake da yawa, ana raba iyakoki. Jerin neman abinci ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban yana ƙaruwa, kuma akwai babban haɗuwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyoyi sun fi haƙuri da juna kuma suna haɗuwa da haɗuwa. Mangabey na Kogin Tana yana da wasu mafarauta kaɗan, kamar python dutse na Tsakiyar Afirka, gaggafa mai kambi, gaggafa mai yaƙi, da kada na Nilu . Mangabey na Kogin Tana nau'in halitta ne da ke da maza biyu ko fiye a cikin kowace ƙungiya, ya danganta da girman ƙungiyar. Matsakaicin namijin da ya manyanta yana da nauyin kimanin 10.2.&nbsp;kg, yayin da matsakaicin mace babba ke da nauyin kilogiram 5.5,&nbsp;kg, don haka yana nuna girman bambancin jinsi a cikin nau'in. Mace tana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya bayan ta ɗauki ciki kimanin kwanaki 170-180. A cikin watanni biyu na farko bayan haihuwa, mahaifiyar jaririn tana kula da shi kuma tana fara ƙulla alaƙa ta kud da kud. A cikin wata na uku, jaririn ya fara hulɗa da sauran jarirai da manyan 'yan ƙungiyar, amma yana kusa da mahaifiyarsa. Matan da ke cikin ƙungiyar galibi suna da alaƙa mai ɗorewa da uwayensu, yayin da mazan ke samun 'yancin kai kuma suna ɓatar da ƙarin lokaci daga ƙungiyar ko kuma a gefenta. Idan wata ƙungiya ta rasa ɗaya daga cikin mazan, za a iya ɗaukar wani namiji daga mazan da ke zaune a waje don kula da tsarin ƙungiyar. === Abinci mai gina jiki === Nau'in yana da dukkan abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi, yana cin ganye, iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwari, da ƙwai na tsuntsaye. Yana ciyar da dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye, kuma yana da yanayin ƙasa, inda zai iya yin yawo a cikin tarkacen ganye don neman abinci. Mangabey yana samun mafi yawan abincinsa daga ƙananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu rufi, kodayake yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa yana ciyarwa da motsawa a ƙasa. Yana cinye 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri daga nau'ikan bishiyoyi kusan 50 daban-daban. Ana ciyar da su kashi 48% na yini, yayin da barci ke ɗauke da kashi 15%, kuma hutu yana ɗauke da kashi 14% na yini. Abincin da nau'in ke ci a kowace shekara ya ƙunshi tsaba 46.5% da kuma amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa 25.6%. Muhimman albarkatun abinci ga nau'in sune ''Ficus sycomorus'', wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa ke ɗauke da su a duk shekara, da ''Phoenix reclinata'', wanda shi ma babban nau'in abinci ne da 'ya'yan itatuwa idan wasu ba sa ci. Mangabey na Kogin Tana yana da yanayin hakora wanda ya dace da nau'in abincin da yake ci. Nau'in yana da manyan incisors don yage fata mai tauri akan 'ya'yan itacen da yake ci. Manyan premolars na maxillary da mandibular na huɗu suna da girman saman don niƙa iri, kuma gajarta fuskarsa tana ƙara ƙarfin cizo . == Kare Muhalli == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke fuskantar [[Dokar Nau'in Halittu|barazanar zama a cikin mawuyacin hali]] shine asarar muhalli. Haka nan ma lamarin mangabey na Kogin Tana yake. An kiyasta cewa kashi 50% na dajin asali ya ɓace a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Yankin Kogin Tana yana [[Gandun daji|rasa dazuzzukansa ga noma]] . <ref name="ARKive">{{Cite web |last=Richardson, M. |date=2006-04-03 |title=Tana River mangabey |url=http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704101243/http://www.arkive.org/tana-river-mangabey/cercocebus-galeritus/ |archive-date=2013-07-04 |access-date=2013-02-06 |publisher=ARKive}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRichardson,_M.2006">Richardson, M. (2006-04-03). </cite></ref> Ana amfani da sare bishiyoyin rufi don gina kwale-kwale, tattara zuma na daji, da kuma bishiyoyin dabino don yin bahaya da tabarmi. Ana amfani da bishiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin canopy don gina sandunan gini kuma saman ''reclinata na Phoenix'' don tattara ruwan inabin dabino yana da mummunan tasiri ga albarkatun da nau'in ke amfani da su. Ana kuma farautar mangabeys na Kogin Tana kuma kama su saboda lalacewar amfanin gona na gida. Wannan kamawa na iya faruwa kuma yana faruwa a ƙananan matakai a cikin dazuzzuka. An lissafa mangabey na Kogin Tana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Birai 25 Mafi Fuskantar Barazana a Duniya . Wani ƙidayar jama'a na 1994 ya kiyasta cewa yawan nau'in ya kai tsakanin mutane 1,000 zuwa 1,200. An lissafa shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana ta Amurka a matsayin wanda ke fuskantar barazanar Barazana a 1970. An kuma lissafa nau'in a matsayin wanda ke fuskantar barazanar Barazana a ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya kuma a ƙarƙashin CITES an jera shi a ƙarƙashin Shafi na I. An jera wannan nau'in a cikin Aji na A na Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Kula da Yanayi da Albarkatun Halitta. An kafa [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|Ma'ajiyar Rijistar Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1976 don kare sauran dazuzzukan da ke gefen Kogin Tana da kuma mangabey na Kogin Tana da ke da wahalar samu. Ma'ajiyar tana kare yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 171.&nbsp;^km2 tare da yankuna biyu na 9.5 da 17.5&nbsp;^km2 tana da dazuzzuka. Wurin ajiyar ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 56% na rukunonin mangabey na Kogin Tana, tare da kusan kashi 44% suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka a wajen wurin ajiyar. Kimanin kashi 10% na rukunonin da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka a wajen wurin ajiyar suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin Aikin Noma na Tana Delta. Manufar Ma'aikatar Kula da Ruwa ta Kogin Tana ita ce kiyaye bambancin halittu a yankin Kogin Tana da kuma kare mangabey na Kogin Tana da ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Kiyaye wannan nau'in halitta babban fifiko ne ga kiyaye dabbobin daji a Kenya. A shekara ta 2007, Babbar Kotun Kenya ta yanke hukuncin cewa ma'aikatar kula da ruwa ba ta bin dokoki. Wannan ya haifar da yankunan dazuzzuka da mangabey ke zaune sun rasa kariyar doka. Tare da rashin kyakkyawan tsarin kula da aikin ban ruwa na Tana Delta, asarar muhalli a wajen ma'aikatar ma'adinai ta ci gaba. Hukumar Raya Kogunan Tana da Athi, wacce ke kula da aikin, yanzu tana cikin shirin fadada don kafa gonar rake, wanda hakan zai cire ƙarin yankunan dazuzzuka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0g3chk34cvwld1df4jzgwnxk3kjw1yf 0 152442 840811 2026-05-28T05:14:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355719518|Spirulina (dietary supplement)]]" 840811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Spirulina_tablets.jpg|right|thumb|Allunan Spirulina]] '''Spirulina''' busassun halittu ne na cyanobacteria (algae mai launin shudi-kore) wanda mutane da dabbobi zasu iya cinyewa. Wadannan nau'o'in guda uku sune Arthrospira platensis, ''A. fusiformis'', da A. maxima . Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya kara motsa dukkan wadannan nau'o'in zuwa ''Limnospira''. An kuma gano cewa ''L. fusiformis'' bai isa ba daban da L. maxima don zama jinsinta.<ref name="Pinchart24">{{Cite journal |last=Pinchart |first=Pierre-Etienne |last2=Marter |first2=Pia |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Henner |last4=Quilichini |first4=Yann |last5=Mysara |first5=Mohamed |last6=Petersen |first6=Jörn |last7=Pasqualini |first7=Vanina |last8=Mastroleo |first8=Felice |display-authors=3 |date=September 2024 |title=The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis |journal=iScience |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845 |pmc=11407035}}</ref> An rarraba jinsin Arthrospira a cikin jinsin Spirulina, saboda haka sunan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Villaró-Cos |first=Silvia |last2=Guzmán Sánchez |first2=José Luis |last3=Acién |first3=Gabriel |last4=Lafarga |first4=Tomás |date=January 2024 |title=Research trends and current requirements and challenges in the industrial production of spirulina as a food source |journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology |volume=143 |doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104280 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An shuka shi a duk duniya, ana amfani da spirulina azaman kariyar abinci na abinci gaba ɗaya.<ref name="medline-plus">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2021 |title=Blue-green algae |url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/923.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609181907/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/923.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |publisher=MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health}}</ref> Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman kariyar abinci a cikin Kiwon kifi, [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]], da masana'antun kaji.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> == Yanayin halittu == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:Spira400xwetcr.jpg|thumb|Spirulina foda a 400×, dutse mai laushi marar tabo]] Nau'in ''Arthrospira'' suna iyo kyauta, cyanobacteria masu filament waɗanda ke da alamun trichomes masu yawa a cikin helix na hagu. Suna faruwa ne ta halitta a cikin tabkuna na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical tare da pH''A. mafi girma'' da kuma babban taro na carbonate da bicarbonate. ''A. platensis'' yana faruwa a Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amurka, yayin da A. maxima ke cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> Yawancin spirulina da aka noma ana samar da su a cikin tafkunan tseren budewa, tare da ƙafafun da aka yi amfani da su don girgiza ruwa.<ref name="FAO Spirulina Review" /> Spirulina yana bunƙasa a pH a kusa da 8.5 da sama da kuma zafin jiki a kusa da {{Convert|30|C|F}} ° C (86 ° F). Suna da autotrophic, kuma ba sa buƙatar makamashi mai rai ko tushen carbon. === Tarihin lissafi === An rarraba nau'in A. maxima da ''A. platensis'' a cikin jinsin <nowiki><i id="mwVg">Spirulina</i></nowiki> . Sunan gama gari, spirulina, yana nufin busassun halittu na ''A. platensis'', wanda ke cikin kwayoyin cuta na [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] waɗanda ke rufe kungiyoyin Cyanobacteria da Prochlorophyta. A fannin kimiyya, akwai bambanci tsakanin spirulina da jinsin ''Arthrospira'', wanda aka gabatar da nau'ikan biyu. An ware nau'ikan ''Arthrospira'' daga ruwan alkaline da ruwan gishiri a yankuna masu zafi da na subtropical. Daga cikin nau'o'in da aka haɗa a cikin jinsin ''Arthrospira'', ''A. platensis'' shine mafi yawan rarraba kuma galibi ana samunsa a Afirka, amma kuma a Asiya. Kalmar "spirulina" (ba tare da italicizing ba kuma yawanci ba tare da capitalization ba) ya kasance ana amfani dashi don dalilai na tarihi.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> A cikin 2019 an gano cewa nau'in da aka noma sun bambanta da nau'in nau'in ''Arthospira'' don kasancewa a cikin jinsin, suna buƙatar wani rukuni na sake suna zuwa ''Limnospira'' don nuna gaskiyar halitta.<ref name="Pinchart24">{{Cite journal |last=Pinchart |first=Pierre-Etienne |last2=Marter |first2=Pia |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Henner |last4=Quilichini |first4=Yann |last5=Mysara |first5=Mohamed |last6=Petersen |first6=Jörn |last7=Pasqualini |first7=Vanina |last8=Mastroleo |first8=Felice |display-authors=3 |date=September 2024 |title=The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis |journal=iScience |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845 |pmc=11407035}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPinchartMarterBrinkmannQuilichini2024">Pinchart, Pierre-Etienne; Marter, Pia; Brinkmann, Henner; et&nbsp;al. (September 2024). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407035 "The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis"]. ''iScience'' 110845. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845|10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407035 11407035]</span>.</cite></ref> == Amfanin tarihi == Spirulina ta kasance tushen abinci ga Aztecs da sauran Mesoamerica har zuwa karni na 16; girbi daga Tafkin Texcoco a Mexico da kuma sayar da shi a matsayin kek an bayyana shi ta hanyar daya daga cikin sojojin Cortés. Aztecs sun kira shi ''tecuitlatl'' . An samo Spirulina da yawa a Tafkin Texcoco ta hanyar masu bincike na Faransa a cikin shekarun 1960, amma ba a yi amfani da shi ba a matsayin tushen abinci na yau da kullun bayan karni na 16, mai yiwuwa saboda zubar da tabkuna da ke kewaye don noma da ci gaban birane. Batun ''tecuitlatl'', wanda aka gano a cikin 1520, ba a sake ambata shi ba har sai 1940, lokacin da masanin ilimin lissafi na Belgium Pierre Dangeard ya ambaci cake da ake kira ''Dihe'' da mutanen [[Mutanen Kanembu|Kanembu]] suka cinye, waɗanda suka girbe shi daga [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] a ƙasar Afirka ta Chadi. Dangeard ya yi nazarin samfurori na ''Dihe'' kuma ya gano shi busassun purée ne na nau'in bazara na blue-green algae daga tafkin. Ana amfani da ''Dihe'' don yin broths don abinci, kuma ana sayar da shi a kasuwanni. Ana girbe spirulina daga ƙananan tabkuna da tafkuna a kusa da Tafkin Chadi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdulqader |first=G. |last2=Barsanti |first2=L. |last3=Tredici |first3=M. |year=2000 |title=Harvest of Arthrospira platensis from Lake Kossorom (Chad) and its household usage among the Kanembu |journal=Journal of Applied Phycology |volume=12 |issue=3/5 |pages=493–498 |doi=10.1023/A:1008177925799 |s2cid=33434695}}</ref> A cikin 1964 da 1965, masanin ilimin shuke-shuke Jean Leonard ya tabbatar da cewa ''Dihe'' ya ƙunshi spirulina, kuma daga baya ya yi nazarin fure na algae a cikin wurin samar da sodium hydroxide. A sakamakon haka, an yi nazari na farko da cikakken bayani game da bukatun girma da ilimin lissafi na spirulina a matsayin tushen kafa samar da girma a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7484-0674-3|<bdi>0-7484-0674-3</bdi>]]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Siva Kiran RR, Madhu GM, Satyanarayana SV |date=2015 |title=Spirulina in combating Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) - A review |url=https://jnutres.com/articles/spirulina-in-combating-protein-energy-malnutrition-pem-and-protein-energy-wasting-pew-a-review |journal=Journal of Nutrition Research |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=62–79 |doi=10.55289/jnutres/v3i1.5 |s2cid=87387740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == bbtaym943rzcij2s5bh4nmsdt40mr1d 840812 840811 2026-05-28T05:15:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 840812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Spirulina_tablets.jpg|right|thumb|Allunan Spirulina]] '''Spirulina''' busassun halittu ne na cyanobacteria (algae mai launin shudi-kore) wanda mutane da dabbobi zasu iya cinyewa. Wadannan nau'o'in guda uku sune Arthrospira platensis, ''A. fusiformis'', da A. maxima . Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya kara motsa dukkan wadannan nau'o'in zuwa ''Limnospira''. An kuma gano cewa ''L. fusiformis'' bai isa ba daban da L. maxima don zama jinsinta.<ref name="Pinchart24">{{Cite journal |last=Pinchart |first=Pierre-Etienne |last2=Marter |first2=Pia |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Henner |last4=Quilichini |first4=Yann |last5=Mysara |first5=Mohamed |last6=Petersen |first6=Jörn |last7=Pasqualini |first7=Vanina |last8=Mastroleo |first8=Felice |display-authors=3 |date=September 2024 |title=The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis |journal=iScience |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845 |pmc=11407035}}</ref> An rarraba jinsin Arthrospira a cikin jinsin Spirulina, saboda haka sunan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Villaró-Cos |first=Silvia |last2=Guzmán Sánchez |first2=José Luis |last3=Acién |first3=Gabriel |last4=Lafarga |first4=Tomás |date=January 2024 |title=Research trends and current requirements and challenges in the industrial production of spirulina as a food source |journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology |volume=143 |doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104280 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An shuka shi a duk duniya, ana amfani da spirulina azaman kariyar abinci na abinci gaba ɗaya.<ref name="medline-plus">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2021 |title=Blue-green algae |url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/923.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609181907/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/923.html |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |publisher=MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health}}</ref> Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman kariyar abinci a cikin Kiwon kifi, [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]], da masana'antun kaji.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> == Yanayin halittu == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:Spira400xwetcr.jpg|thumb|Spirulina foda a 400×, dutse mai laushi marar tabo]] Nau'in ''Arthrospira'' suna iyo kyauta, cyanobacteria masu filament waɗanda ke da alamun trichomes masu yawa a cikin helix na hagu. Suna faruwa ne ta halitta a cikin tabkuna na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical tare da pH''A. mafi girma'' da kuma babban taro na carbonate da bicarbonate. ''A. platensis'' yana faruwa a Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amurka, yayin da A. maxima ke cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> Yawancin spirulina da aka noma ana samar da su a cikin tafkunan tseren budewa, tare da ƙafafun da aka yi amfani da su don girgiza ruwa.<ref name="FAO Spirulina Review" /> Spirulina yana bunƙasa a pH a kusa da 8.5 da sama da kuma zafin jiki a kusa da {{Convert|30|C|F}} ° C (86 ° F). Suna da autotrophic, kuma ba sa buƙatar makamashi mai rai ko tushen carbon. === Tarihin lissafi === An rarraba nau'in A. maxima da ''A. platensis'' a cikin jinsin <nowiki><i id="mwVg">Spirulina</i></nowiki> . Sunan gama gari, spirulina, yana nufin busassun halittu na ''A. platensis'', wanda ke cikin kwayoyin cuta na [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] waɗanda ke rufe kungiyoyin Cyanobacteria da Prochlorophyta. A fannin kimiyya, akwai bambanci tsakanin spirulina da jinsin ''Arthrospira'', wanda aka gabatar da nau'ikan biyu. An ware nau'ikan ''Arthrospira'' daga ruwan alkaline da ruwan gishiri a yankuna masu zafi da na subtropical. Daga cikin nau'o'in da aka haɗa a cikin jinsin ''Arthrospira'', ''A. platensis'' shine mafi yawan rarraba kuma galibi ana samunsa a Afirka, amma kuma a Asiya. Kalmar "spirulina" (ba tare da italicizing ba kuma yawanci ba tare da capitalization ba) ya kasance ana amfani dashi don dalilai na tarihi.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}</ref> A cikin 2019 an gano cewa nau'in da aka noma sun bambanta da nau'in nau'in ''Arthospira'' don kasancewa a cikin jinsin, suna buƙatar wani rukuni na sake suna zuwa ''Limnospira'' don nuna gaskiyar halitta.<ref name="Pinchart24">{{Cite journal |last=Pinchart |first=Pierre-Etienne |last2=Marter |first2=Pia |last3=Brinkmann |first3=Henner |last4=Quilichini |first4=Yann |last5=Mysara |first5=Mohamed |last6=Petersen |first6=Jörn |last7=Pasqualini |first7=Vanina |last8=Mastroleo |first8=Felice |display-authors=3 |date=September 2024 |title=The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis |journal=iScience |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845 |pmc=11407035}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPinchartMarterBrinkmannQuilichini2024">Pinchart, Pierre-Etienne; Marter, Pia; Brinkmann, Henner; et&nbsp;al. (September 2024). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407035 "The genus Limnospira contains only two species, both unable to produce microcystins: L. maxima and L. platensis"]. ''iScience'' 110845. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845|10.1016/j.isci.2024.110845]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11407035 11407035]</span>.</cite></ref> == Amfanin tarihi == Spirulina ta kasance tushen abinci ga Aztecs da sauran Mesoamerica har zuwa karni na 16; girbi daga Tafkin Texcoco a Mexico da kuma sayar da shi a matsayin kek an bayyana shi ta hanyar daya daga cikin sojojin Cortés. Aztecs sun kira shi ''tecuitlatl'' . An samo Spirulina da yawa a Tafkin Texcoco ta hanyar masu bincike na Faransa a cikin shekarun 1960, amma ba a yi amfani da shi ba a matsayin tushen abinci na yau da kullun bayan karni na 16, mai yiwuwa saboda zubar da tabkuna da ke kewaye don noma da ci gaban birane. Batun ''tecuitlatl'', wanda aka gano a cikin 1520, ba a sake ambata shi ba har sai 1940, lokacin da masanin ilimin lissafi na Belgium Pierre Dangeard ya ambaci cake da ake kira ''Dihe'' da mutanen [[Mutanen Kanembu|Kanembu]] suka cinye, waɗanda suka girbe shi daga [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin]] [[Cadi|Chadi]] a ƙasar Afirka ta Chadi. Dangeard ya yi nazarin samfurori na ''Dihe'' kuma ya gano shi busassun purée ne na nau'in bazara na blue-green algae daga tafkin. Ana amfani da ''Dihe'' don yin broths don abinci, kuma ana sayar da shi a kasuwanni. Ana girbe spirulina daga ƙananan tabkuna da tafkuna a kusa da Tafkin Chadi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdulqader |first=G. |last2=Barsanti |first2=L. |last3=Tredici |first3=M. |year=2000 |title=Harvest of Arthrospira platensis from Lake Kossorom (Chad) and its household usage among the Kanembu |journal=Journal of Applied Phycology |volume=12 |issue=3/5 |pages=493–498 |doi=10.1023/A:1008177925799 |s2cid=33434695}}</ref> A cikin 1964 da 1965, masanin ilimin shuke-shuke Jean Leonard ya tabbatar da cewa ''Dihe'' ya ƙunshi spirulina, kuma daga baya ya yi nazarin fure na algae a cikin wurin samar da sodium hydroxide. A sakamakon haka, an yi nazari na farko da cikakken bayani game da bukatun girma da ilimin lissafi na spirulina a matsayin tushen kafa samar da girma a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref name="vonshak">Vonshak, A. (ed.). ''Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology.'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1997.{{ISBN|0-7484-0674-3}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7484-0674-3|<bdi>0-7484-0674-3</bdi>]]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Siva Kiran RR, Madhu GM, Satyanarayana SV |date=2015 |title=Spirulina in combating Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) - A review |url=https://jnutres.com/articles/spirulina-in-combating-protein-energy-malnutrition-pem-and-protein-energy-wasting-pew-a-review |journal=Journal of Nutrition Research |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=62–79 |doi=10.55289/jnutres/v3i1.5 |s2cid=87387740 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == am7j8erjxqrsmagmcdkhcgkh98cxxzm 0 152443 840813 2026-05-28T05:15:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1250288409|Bahr Salamat Faunal Reserve]]" 840813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bahr Salamat Faunal Reserve''' (Réserve de faune du Bahr Salamat) yanki ne na kiyayewa a [[Cadi|Chadi]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Bahar Salam|Kogin Bahr Salamat]] wanda ke gudana ta hanyarsa. An sanya ajiyar a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1964 kuma an sanya shi a matsayin IUCN category IV (Habitat / Species Management Area). Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 20,600 kuma ya haɗa da sassa na prefectures na Salamat, Gera da Moyen-Chari, kuma yana kewaye da Zakouma National Park. Kimanin rabin yankinsa shine [[Lac Iro Controlled Hunting Area|Yankin farauta na Lac Iro]]. Yankin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ga dabbobin daji da ke kewaye da su, suna ba da mafaka ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da yawa, suna tallafawa cheetahs, hippos, giwaye da nau'ikan antelope da yawa. Yana hana ambaliyar ruwa, yana tsara sake cika ruwan kasa, kamawa da kuma tsarin ruwa mai sinadarai, kuma yana ba da wurin zama ga nau'in kifi da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1621 |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Kisan Giwayen Zakouma na 2006|2006 Kisan giwayen Zakouma]] == Manazarta == k6vsw1sxx2ic16p3iaoueeygk8c6vh2 840814 840813 2026-05-28T05:15:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 840814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bahr Salamat Faunal Reserve''' (Réserve de faune du Bahr Salamat) yanki ne na kiyayewa a [[Cadi|Chadi]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Bahar Salam|Kogin Bahr Salamat]] wanda ke gudana ta hanyarsa. An sanya ajiyar a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1964 kuma an sanya shi a matsayin IUCN category IV (Habitat / Species Management Area). Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 20,600 kuma ya haɗa da sassa na prefectures na Salamat, Gera da Moyen-Chari, kuma yana kewaye da Zakouma National Park. Kimanin rabin yankinsa shine [[Lac Iro Controlled Hunting Area|Yankin farauta na Lac Iro]]. Yankin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa ga dabbobin daji da ke kewaye da su, suna ba da mafaka ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da yawa, suna tallafawa cheetahs, hippos, giwaye da nau'ikan antelope da yawa. Yana hana ambaliyar ruwa, yana tsara sake cika ruwan kasa, kamawa da kuma tsarin ruwa mai sinadarai, kuma yana ba da wurin zama ga nau'in kifi da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1621 |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Kisan Giwayen Zakouma na 2006|2006 Kisan giwayen Zakouma]] == Manazarta == pk5t2ol61x7mqjpmeuugh5ofe65eta4 0 152444 840815 2026-05-28T05:15:58Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344784705|Tana ware]]" 840815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tana ware''' (wanda kuma ake kira Tana Tradition pottery ko Triangular-Incised Ware) yana nufin wani nau'in [[tukwane]] na prehistoric wanda ya shahara a [[Gabashin Afirka]] wanda ke nuna kayayyaki iri-iri, gami da layin triangular da layuka guda ɗaya na dots.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haaland |first=Randi |date=1994 |title=Dakawa: an early Iron Age site in the Tanzanian hinterland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511679 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=238–247 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511679 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasancewar wannan tukunyar ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun alamomi don farkon [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan al'adar tukwane ta faɗi a cikin lokaci a lokacin Iron Age a Gabashin Afirka, a ƙarshen karni na farko AD kuma ta kai shekaru ɗaruruwan. An ba da sunan Tana ware ne saboda binciken farko na waɗannan nau'ikan tukwane sun kasance a gefen Kogin Tana a Kenya ta yanzu. == Bambance-bambancen Suna == An kira wannan al'adar tukwane da Tana Ware/Tradition, Triangular-Incised Ware, da kuma kayan kicin daga masana daban-daban. Duk da cewa "Tana Ware" ita ce sunan da aka fi amfani da shi a yau, ana sukarsa, haka nan kuma sunayen "Triangular-Incised Ware" da "kicin". An soki kalmar "Tana Ware" saboda kawai ta bayyana wani yanki mai kunkuntar na rarraba wannan tukwane, kalmar "Triangular-Incised Ware" don nuna takamaiman siffar ado na wannan rukunin tukwane, da kuma kalmar "kicin" don nuna wulakanci kuma ba daidai ba ne. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A halin yanzu a cikin littattafan tarihi, kalmar "Tana Ware" ita ce aka fi amfani da ita, amma "Triangular-Incised Ware" har yanzu tana nan a cikin wasu wallafe-wallafe. [[Fayil:Kenya_-_River_Tana_location_map.svg|thumb|Wurin da Kogin Tana yake, wanda ya zaburar da wannan al'adar tukwane.]] == Rarraba Yanki == An gano Tana Ware a wurare da dama na tarihi na Gabashin Afirka tsawon shekaru da dama. Yaɗuwar wannan al'adar tukwane ta yaɗu sosai, tana mamaye gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka daga Kenya a arewa zuwa Mozambique a kudu, da kuma tsakiyar yankin cikin gida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> Wuraren tarihi da suka samo Tana Ware sun haɗa da Kogon Kuumbi, Zanzibar; Chibuene, Mozambique; Manda, Kenya; Dakawa, Tanzania; da sauransu da yawa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> == Tsarin da Manufofin Ado == Akwai nau'ikan Tana Ware daban-daban da aka gani daga binciken kayan tarihi. A hukumance, akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyar: tukwane masu wuya, tukwane masu globular, kwano masu budewa, kwano masu rufewa, da kwano masu kauri. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> A wurare da dama da aka yi nazari a kansu, an gano tukwane masu wuya su ne nau'in Tana Ware da aka fi sani. <ref name=":2" /> Baya ga nau'in siffar, akwai sama da nau'ikan kayan ado 30 da aka samu a tsakanin tukwanen Tana Ware. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da yanke-yanke masu kusurwa uku, suna komawa ga ɗaya daga cikin sunayen wannan salon tukwane (Triangle Incised Ware), ƙusoshin farce, layukan kwance masu layi ɗaya, maƙallan gefen harsashi, ƙyanƙyashewa a gefen, da sauransu da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynne-Jones |first=Stephanie |last2=Fleisher |first2=Jeffrey |date=2013 |title=Ceramics and Society: Early Tana Tradition and the Swahili Coast [data-set] |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/coastalceramics_2012/index.cfm |publisher=York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]}}</ref> Waɗannan nau'ikan kayan ado sun bambanta tsakanin tukwane da aka samu daga wuri zuwa wuri, tare da wurare daban-daban suna da launuka daban-daban na shahara. Misali, a Dakawa, alwatika masu cike da tsayi sune manyan launuka, yayin da Manda ya ga nau'ikan launuka masu yawa tare da cikakkun alwatika masu jiran su fi rinjaye kaɗan fiye da sauran launuka. <ref name=":2" /> Gabaɗaya, abin ado da aka fi sani da shi a ƙarƙashin wuyan jirgin ruwa shine layi ɗaya na ramuka. <ref name=":2" /> == Ci gaban Tana Ware == Masana sun yarda cewa Tana Ware ta bayyana a cikin tarihin kayan tarihi tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na farko AD, tare da bambance-bambancen lokaci, kamar wani littafi da ke nuna lokacin 600 AD-900 AD. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> A cikin filin, akwai muhawara game da yadda Tana Ware ta samo asali kuma ta rikide zuwa al'adar da aka ayyana kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Wata zato ita ce Tana Ware ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙarfe ta farko a cikin tsari mai ci gaba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> Wani zato mai karo da juna shine cewa Tana Ware bai samo asali daga tukunyar ƙarfe ta Kwale ko ta farkon zamanin ƙarfe ba, amma wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga mutanen Neolithic na makiyaya a yankin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Horton |first=Mark |date=1990 |title=The Periplus and East Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709009511414 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=95–99 |doi=10.1080/00672709009511414 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wasu zato da suka biyo baya game da ci gaban Tana Ware sun nuna cewa Tana Ware ta fara maye gurbin kayan kwale a ƙarni na 5 da 6 AD a yankin Usambara, ko kuma cewa al'adar tukwane ta waɗanda suka ƙaura daga yankin arewa maso gabas na bakin teku zuwa gabar Swahili ne suka ƙera ta. == Manazarta == sb0utswzlmocag39l9f2q9ge6izun6y 840817 840815 2026-05-28T05:16:25Z Engineer014 44591 840817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tana ware''' (wanda kuma ake kira Tana Tradition pottery ko Triangular-Incised Ware) yana nufin wani nau'in [[tukwane]] na prehistoric wanda ya shahara a [[Gabashin Afirka]] wanda ke nuna kayayyaki iri-iri, gami da layin triangular da layuka guda ɗaya na dots.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haaland |first=Randi |date=1994 |title=Dakawa: an early Iron Age site in the Tanzanian hinterland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511679 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=238–247 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511679 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasancewar wannan tukunyar ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun alamomi don farkon [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan al'adar tukwane ta faɗi a cikin lokaci a lokacin Iron Age a Gabashin Afirka, a ƙarshen karni na farko AD kuma ta kai shekaru ɗaruruwan. An ba da sunan Tana ware ne saboda binciken farko na waɗannan nau'ikan tukwane sun kasance a gefen Kogin Tana a Kenya ta yanzu. == Bambance-bambancen Suna == An kira wannan al'adar tukwane da Tana Ware/Tradition, Triangular-Incised Ware, da kuma kayan kicin daga masana daban-daban. Duk da cewa "Tana Ware" ita ce sunan da aka fi amfani da shi a yau, ana sukarsa, haka nan kuma sunayen "Triangular-Incised Ware" da "kicin". An soki kalmar "Tana Ware" saboda kawai ta bayyana wani yanki mai kunkuntar na rarraba wannan tukwane, kalmar "Triangular-Incised Ware" don nuna takamaiman siffar ado na wannan rukunin tukwane, da kuma kalmar "kicin" don nuna wulakanci kuma ba daidai ba ne. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A halin yanzu a cikin littattafan tarihi, kalmar "Tana Ware" ita ce aka fi amfani da ita, amma "Triangular-Incised Ware" har yanzu tana nan a cikin wasu wallafe-wallafe. [[Fayil:Kenya_-_River_Tana_location_map.svg|thumb|Wurin da Kogin Tana yake, wanda ya zaburar da wannan al'adar tukwane.]] == Rarraba Yanki == An gano Tana Ware a wurare da dama na tarihi na Gabashin Afirka tsawon shekaru da dama. Yaɗuwar wannan al'adar tukwane ta yaɗu sosai, tana mamaye gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka daga Kenya a arewa zuwa Mozambique a kudu, da kuma tsakiyar yankin cikin gida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> Wuraren tarihi da suka samo Tana Ware sun haɗa da Kogon Kuumbi, Zanzibar; Chibuene, Mozambique; Manda, Kenya; Dakawa, Tanzania; da sauransu da yawa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> == Tsarin da Manufofin Ado == Akwai nau'ikan Tana Ware daban-daban da aka gani daga binciken kayan tarihi. A hukumance, akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyar: tukwane masu wuya, tukwane masu globular, kwano masu budewa, kwano masu rufewa, da kwano masu kauri. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> A wurare da dama da aka yi nazari a kansu, an gano tukwane masu wuya su ne nau'in Tana Ware da aka fi sani. <ref name=":2" /> Baya ga nau'in siffar, akwai sama da nau'ikan kayan ado 30 da aka samu a tsakanin tukwanen Tana Ware. Waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da yanke-yanke masu kusurwa uku, suna komawa ga ɗaya daga cikin sunayen wannan salon tukwane (Triangle Incised Ware), ƙusoshin farce, layukan kwance masu layi ɗaya, maƙallan gefen harsashi, ƙyanƙyashewa a gefen, da sauransu da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynne-Jones |first=Stephanie |last2=Fleisher |first2=Jeffrey |date=2013 |title=Ceramics and Society: Early Tana Tradition and the Swahili Coast [data-set] |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/coastalceramics_2012/index.cfm |publisher=York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor]}}</ref> Waɗannan nau'ikan kayan ado sun bambanta tsakanin tukwane da aka samu daga wuri zuwa wuri, tare da wurare daban-daban suna da launuka daban-daban na shahara. Misali, a Dakawa, alwatika masu cike da tsayi sune manyan launuka, yayin da Manda ya ga nau'ikan launuka masu yawa tare da cikakkun alwatika masu jiran su fi rinjaye kaɗan fiye da sauran launuka. <ref name=":2" /> Gabaɗaya, abin ado da aka fi sani da shi a ƙarƙashin wuyan jirgin ruwa shine layi ɗaya na ramuka. <ref name=":2" /> == Ci gaban Tana Ware == Masana sun yarda cewa Tana Ware ta bayyana a cikin tarihin kayan tarihi tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na farko AD, tare da bambance-bambancen lokaci, kamar wani littafi da ke nuna lokacin 600 AD-900 AD. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fleisher |first=Jeffrey |last2=Wynne-Jones |first2=Stephanie |date=2011 |title=Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |journal=African Archaeological Review |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=245–278 |doi=10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 |issn=0263-0338 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleisherWynne-Jones2011">Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6 "Ceramics and the Early Swahili: Deconstructing the Early Tana Tradition"]</span>. ''African Archaeological Review''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>278. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6|10.1007/s10437-011-9104-6]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-0338 0263-0338].</cite></ref> A cikin filin, akwai muhawara game da yadda Tana Ware ta samo asali kuma ta rikide zuwa al'adar da aka ayyana kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Wata zato ita ce Tana Ware ta samo asali ne daga tukunyar ƙarfe ta farko a cikin tsari mai ci gaba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chami |first=Felix A. |date=1994 |title=The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=29-30 |issue=1 |pages=227–237 |doi=10.1080/00672709409511678 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChami1994">Chami, Felix A. (1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709409511678 "The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30 (1): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>237. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00672709409511678|10.1080/00672709409511678]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> Wani zato mai karo da juna shine cewa Tana Ware bai samo asali daga tukunyar ƙarfe ta Kwale ko ta farkon zamanin ƙarfe ba, amma wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga mutanen Neolithic na makiyaya a yankin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Horton |first=Mark |date=1990 |title=The Periplus and East Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672709009511414 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=95–99 |doi=10.1080/00672709009511414 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wasu zato da suka biyo baya game da ci gaban Tana Ware sun nuna cewa Tana Ware ta fara maye gurbin kayan kwale a ƙarni na 5 da 6 AD a yankin Usambara, ko kuma cewa al'adar tukwane ta waɗanda suka ƙaura daga yankin arewa maso gabas na bakin teku zuwa gabar Swahili ne suka ƙera ta. == Manazarta == tn1rxu2tk6ibv9j00cb1bmtz9sb39tc 0 152445 840816 2026-05-28T05:16:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333639798|Lake Ambale]]" 840816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ambale''' ko Lac Ambale tafki ne da ke cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . An kiyasta cewa yana kwance mita 365 (1,198 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. Tafkin yana kusa da [[Kotomanga]], [[Awele, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Awele]], da Wuluwu Deuxième.<ref> Lac Ambale ca. 365 m GeoNames</ref> == Manazarta == 00mtkof0suebdxwust9z50w3fugms1w 840818 840816 2026-05-28T05:16:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 840818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ambale''' ko Lac Ambale tafki ne da ke cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . An kiyasta cewa yana kwance mita 365 (1,198 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. Tafkin yana kusa da [[Kotomanga]], [[Awele, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Awele]], da Wuluwu Deuxième.<ref> Lac Ambale ca. 365 m GeoNames</ref> == Manazarta == ths93zzjuiugvkr45itog4etv303qr3 0 152446 840819 2026-05-28T05:16:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1068429981|Lake Dikolongo]]" 840819 wikitext text/x-wiki   ''''''Tafkin Dikilongo'''''' ko Lac Dikilongo tafki ne da ke cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . An kiyasta cewa yana da mita 1,298 (4,259 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. [[Kogin Lubudi (Tsarin Lualaba)|Kogin Lubudi]] ne ke ciyar da shi.<ref name="geoview">{{Cite web |title=Lac Dikolongo lake, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://cd.geoview.info/lac_dikolongo,217291 |access-date=4 October 2018 |website=Cd.geoview.info}}</ref> Tafkin yana kusa da [[Yusuf Mulumbu|Mulumbu]], [[Mukwemba]], da [[Samuzala]].<ref name="mapcarta">{{Cite web |title=Lac Dikolongo |url=https://mapcarta.com/12780260 |access-date=4 October 2018 |website=Mapcarta.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == dtwbcun4g0o1v109flxd0iuixmb6xaz 840820 840819 2026-05-28T05:17:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '<nowiki/>'''''Tafkin Dikilongo'''''' ko Lac Dikilongo tafki ne da ke cikin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . An kiyasta cewa yana da mita 1,298 (4,259 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. [[Kogin Lubudi (Tsarin Lualaba)|Kogin Lubudi]] ne ke ciyar da shi.<ref name="geoview">{{Cite web |title=Lac Dikolongo lake, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://cd.geoview.info/lac_dikolongo,217291 |access-date=4 October 2018 |website=Cd.geoview.info}}</ref> Tafkin yana kusa da [[Yusuf Mulumbu|Mulumbu]], [[Mukwemba]], da [[Samuzala]].<ref name="mapcarta">{{Cite web |title=Lac Dikolongo |url=https://mapcarta.com/12780260 |access-date=4 October 2018 |website=Mapcarta.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == t5y56pgv8h5dnc078o1no9oee8pzfxq 0 152447 840821 2026-05-28T05:18:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348490795|Lake Edward]]" 840821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Edward''' (a cikin gida '''Rwitanzigye''' ko '''Rweru''') yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan manyan tabkuna na Afirka. Tana cikin [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]], reshen yammacin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, a kan iyaka tsakanin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC) da [[Uganda]], tare da iyakar arewacin 'yan kilomita a kudancin ma'auni. == Tarihi == Mai binciken Welsh Henry Morton Stanley ya fara ganin tafkin a 1888, a lokacin Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . An sanya wa tafkin suna don girmama Albert Edward, Yarima na Wales, ɗan [[Sarauniya Victoria]], kuma daga baya ya zama Sarki Edward VII. A cikin 1973, [[Uganda]] da Zaire (DRC) na lokacin sun sake masa suna Lake [[Idi Amin]] bayan mai mulkin kama-karya na Uganda Idi Amin . Bayan da aka hambarar da shi a shekarar 1979, ya dawo da tsohon sunansa. A cikin shekara ta 2014, tafkin ya kasance cibiyar takaddamar mai. SOCO International ta shiga cikin filin shakatawa na Virunga inda tafkin yake don neman mai. Koyaya, an yi wa mazauna ƙauyen da ma'aikatan da suka yi ƙoƙari su dakatar da kamfanin mai daga shiga yankin duka har ma an sace su kuma an azabtar da su. An yi la'akari da tsare-tsaren sake zana layin iyakokin Virunga da ware tafkin. Koyaya, tunda wurin shakatawa wuri ne na al'adun duniya kuma tafkin yana cikinta, irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren sun saba wa Yarjejeniyar Al'adun Duniya. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa === Tafkin Edward yana kan tsayin {{Convert|920|m|ft}}, yana da {{Convert|77|km|mi}} tsawon {{Convert|40|km|mi}} faɗinsa a matsakaicin maƙasudinsa, kuma ya ƙunshi jimillar faɗin {{Convert|2,325|km2|mi2}} , wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ta 15 mafi girma a nahiyar. Kogin Nyamugasani, Kogin Ishasha, [[Kogin Rutshuru]], Kogin Ntungwe, da Kogin Rwindi suna ciyar da tafkin. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">an buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tafkin George da ke arewa maso gabas ya kwarara cikinsa ta hanyar [[Kazinga channel|Tashar Kazinga]] . Tafkin Edward ya kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Kogin Semliki zuwa cikin [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]], inda ya haɗu da Farin Kogin Nilu, daga ƙarshe yana kwarara zuwa Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]]. Yankin yammacin Great Rift Valley ya kai mita 2,000 (6,600 sama da yammacin bakin tafkin. Yankin kudanci da gabas suna da filayen lava. Duwatsun Ruwenzori suna da nisan kilomita 20 (12 a arewacin tafkin. [[Fayil:Lake_Edward_Drainage.jpg|alt=Map of the Lake Edward Drainage shed. An area of 27,000 km² (10,000 sq. miles) surrounding the lake contributes flow from land in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.|left|thumb|Taswirar tafkin Edward ko ruwa. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Taswirar hulɗa]]] === Dutsen wuta === Yankin yana nuna shaidar aiki na dutsen wuta a cikin shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. Filin Katwe-Kikorongo da Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, tare da manyan cones da craters, suna kwance a kowane bangare na Kazinga Channel a arewa maso yammacin bakin tafkin. An yi tunanin cewa Lakes George da Edward sun kasance suna haɗuwa a matsayin tafki mafi girma, amma laka daga waɗannan filayen ya gudana ya raba shi, ya bar Kazinga Channel kawai a matsayin ragowar ƙungiyar da ta gabata. A kudu akwai dutsen mai fitattun wuta mai suna May-ya-Moto mai nisan kilomita 30 (19 , kuma dutsen mai fashewa na [[Nyamuragira]] a yammacin Dutsen Virunga yana da nisan kilomita 80 (50 kudu, amma ruwan da ke gudana ya kai tafkin a baya. Filin Katwe-Kikorongo yana da manyan craters da cones da ke rufe yanki na kilomita 30 (19 da kilomita 15 (9.3 tsakanin tabkuna Edward da George, kuma ya haɗa da tabkuna bakwai. Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan, 2.5 kilomita (1.6 tsawo Lake Katwe, yana da rami mai nisan kilomita 4 (2.5 a fadin kuma an raba shi da Lake Edward da kawai mita 300 (980 na ƙasa. Crater din yana da zurfin mita 100 (330 , kuma Tafkin Katwe yana da kimanin mita 40 (130 ƙasa da Tafkin Edward. Yana da ban mamaki cewa asalin dutsen wuta na wannan yankin kudu maso gabashin Ruwenzoris ba a san shi ba har sai G. F. Scott Elliot ya ruwaito shi a cikin 1894. Stanley ya ziyarci Tafkin Katwe a cikin 1889 kuma ya lura da zurfin bakin ciki, salinity na tafkin, da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwan sulphurous a kusa, amma ya kasa haɗa wannan da dutsen wuta.<ref> Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{Doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> Bincike mai zurfi game da abubuwan da ke cikin calcite da biogenic silica (BSi) a cikin piston cores daga Lake Edward, Equatorial Africa, sun rubuta rikitarwa mu'amala tsakanin canjin yanayi da lacustrine geochemistry a cikin shekaru 5400 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> Irin wannan filin Bunyaruguru a wancan gefen Tashar Kazinga ya ƙunshi kusan tabkuna 30 na crater, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi Lake Katwe girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == bfi3by7wbyel0v1xe1n1l46tu5t8isz 840823 840821 2026-05-28T05:18:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 840823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Edward''' (a cikin gida '''Rwitanzigye''' ko '''Rweru''') yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan manyan tabkuna na Afirka. Tana cikin [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]], reshen yammacin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, a kan iyaka tsakanin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC) da [[Uganda]], tare da iyakar arewacin 'yan kilomita a kudancin ma'auni. == Tarihi == Mai binciken Welsh Henry Morton Stanley ya fara ganin tafkin a 1888, a lokacin Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . An sanya wa tafkin suna don girmama Albert Edward, Yarima na Wales, ɗan [[Sarauniya Victoria]], kuma daga baya ya zama Sarki Edward VII. A cikin 1973, [[Uganda]] da Zaire (DRC) na lokacin sun sake masa suna Lake [[Idi Amin]] bayan mai mulkin kama-karya na Uganda Idi Amin . Bayan da aka hambarar da shi a shekarar 1979, ya dawo da tsohon sunansa. A cikin shekara ta 2014, tafkin ya kasance cibiyar takaddamar mai. SOCO International ta shiga cikin filin shakatawa na Virunga inda tafkin yake don neman mai. Koyaya, an yi wa mazauna ƙauyen da ma'aikatan da suka yi ƙoƙari su dakatar da kamfanin mai daga shiga yankin duka har ma an sace su kuma an azabtar da su. An yi la'akari da tsare-tsaren sake zana layin iyakokin Virunga da ware tafkin. Koyaya, tunda wurin shakatawa wuri ne na al'adun duniya kuma tafkin yana cikinta, irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren sun saba wa Yarjejeniyar Al'adun Duniya. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Yanayin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa === Tafkin Edward yana kan tsayin {{Convert|920|m|ft}}, yana da {{Convert|77|km|mi}} tsawon {{Convert|40|km|mi}} faɗinsa a matsakaicin maƙasudinsa, kuma ya ƙunshi jimillar faɗin {{Convert|2,325|km2|mi2}} , wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ta 15 mafi girma a nahiyar. Kogin Nyamugasani, Kogin Ishasha, [[Kogin Rutshuru]], Kogin Ntungwe, da Kogin Rwindi suna ciyar da tafkin. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">an buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tafkin George da ke arewa maso gabas ya kwarara cikinsa ta hanyar [[Kazinga channel|Tashar Kazinga]] . Tafkin Edward ya kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Kogin Semliki zuwa cikin [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]], inda ya haɗu da Farin Kogin Nilu, daga ƙarshe yana kwarara zuwa Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]]. Yankin yammacin Great Rift Valley ya kai mita 2,000 (6,600 sama da yammacin bakin tafkin. Yankin kudanci da gabas suna da filayen lava. Duwatsun Ruwenzori suna da nisan kilomita 20 (12 a arewacin tafkin. [[Fayil:Lake_Edward_Drainage.jpg|alt=Map of the Lake Edward Drainage shed. An area of 27,000 km² (10,000 sq. miles) surrounding the lake contributes flow from land in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.|left|thumb|Taswirar tafkin Edward ko ruwa. [https://mghydro.com/app/shared/757AFD Taswirar hulɗa]]] === Dutsen wuta === Yankin yana nuna shaidar aiki na dutsen wuta a cikin shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. Filin Katwe-Kikorongo da Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, tare da manyan cones da craters, suna kwance a kowane bangare na Kazinga Channel a arewa maso yammacin bakin tafkin. An yi tunanin cewa Lakes George da Edward sun kasance suna haɗuwa a matsayin tafki mafi girma, amma laka daga waɗannan filayen ya gudana ya raba shi, ya bar Kazinga Channel kawai a matsayin ragowar ƙungiyar da ta gabata. A kudu akwai dutsen mai fitattun wuta mai suna May-ya-Moto mai nisan kilomita 30 (19 , kuma dutsen mai fashewa na [[Nyamuragira]] a yammacin Dutsen Virunga yana da nisan kilomita 80 (50 kudu, amma ruwan da ke gudana ya kai tafkin a baya. Filin Katwe-Kikorongo yana da manyan craters da cones da ke rufe yanki na kilomita 30 (19 da kilomita 15 (9.3 tsakanin tabkuna Edward da George, kuma ya haɗa da tabkuna bakwai. Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan, 2.5 kilomita (1.6 tsawo Lake Katwe, yana da rami mai nisan kilomita 4 (2.5 a fadin kuma an raba shi da Lake Edward da kawai mita 300 (980 na ƙasa. Crater din yana da zurfin mita 100 (330 , kuma Tafkin Katwe yana da kimanin mita 40 (130 ƙasa da Tafkin Edward. Yana da ban mamaki cewa asalin dutsen wuta na wannan yankin kudu maso gabashin Ruwenzoris ba a san shi ba har sai G. F. Scott Elliot ya ruwaito shi a cikin 1894. Stanley ya ziyarci Tafkin Katwe a cikin 1889 kuma ya lura da zurfin bakin ciki, salinity na tafkin, da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwan sulphurous a kusa, amma ya kasa haɗa wannan da dutsen wuta.<ref> Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) [http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1-4/370 "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda"], ''Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society'', '''88''' (1-4), p. 370&#x2013;442, {{Doi|10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16}}</ref> Bincike mai zurfi game da abubuwan da ke cikin calcite da biogenic silica (BSi) a cikin piston cores daga Lake Edward, Equatorial Africa, sun rubuta rikitarwa mu'amala tsakanin canjin yanayi da lacustrine geochemistry a cikin shekaru 5400 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=James M. |last2=Johnson |first2=Thomas C. |date=July 2005 |title=A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=24 |issue=12–13 |pages=1375–1389 |bibcode=2005QSRv...24.1375R |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003 |issn=0277-3791}}</ref> Irin wannan filin Bunyaruguru a wancan gefen Tashar Kazinga ya ƙunshi kusan tabkuna 30 na crater, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi Lake Katwe girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi {{!}} Rubirizi District |url=https://rubirizi.go.ug/opportunites/mysterious-twin-lakes-rubirizi#:~:text=Rubirizi%20District%20formerly%20Bunyaruguru%20County,which%2032%20are%20crater%20lakes. |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=rubirizi.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == r105dplxb0qyyjv67k9k0xpk7v6xjkr 0 152448 840822 2026-05-28T05:18:56Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315362543|Tana River red colobus]]" 840822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Kenya]])" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tana River (Kenya)">Kogin Tana Red Colobus''' ('''''Piliocolobus rufomitratus'''''), wanda kuma ake kira Eastern Red Colobus, nau'in dabbobi ne masu haɗari sosai a cikin dangin Cercopithecidae . Yana da iyaka a cikin wani yanki mai zurfi na gandun daji kusa da Kogin Tana a kudu maso gabashin Kenya. == Tsarin Haraji == Kamar yadda aka bayyana a nan, ''P. rufomitratus'' nau'in halitta ne mai kama da juna wanda aka takaita ga Kenya, bayan Groves . A matsayin dukkan jajayen colobuses, a da ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in ''P. badius'' mai yaɗuwa. Wasu hukumomi na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da ''P. tephrosceles'', ''P. foai'' da ''P. tholloni'' a matsayin nau'in ''P. rufomitratus'' maimakon a gane su a matsayin nau'in halitta daban-daban. == Matsayin kiyayewa == An yi la'akari da jan kogin Tana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyi 25 mafi fuskantar barazanar rayuwa a duniya . <ref>{{Cite book|edition=J.|url-access=Ganzhorn|oclc=Oates|last=Russell Mittermeier}}</ref> Tare da [[Tana River mangabey|mangabey na Kogin Tana]] da ke fuskantar barazanar rayuwa, babban dalilin ƙirƙirar [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|reshen Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1978, amma cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin wannan wurin ya ci gaba. Kwanan nan, an ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mayar da hekta 20,000 na Delta na Kogin Tana zuwa gonakin sukari, amma aƙalla, Babban Kotun Kenya ta dakatar da wannan, na ɗan lokaci. ''Contra'' Groves, ba a amince da shi a matsayin nau'in da ya bambanta da na Uganda, Afirka ta Tsakiya da kuma na Thollon ba a cikin Jerin Red na IUCN na 2008. Da waɗannan a matsayin ƙananan nau'ikan halittu, ana ɗaukar ''P. rufomitratus'' a matsayin mafi ƙarancin damuwa a cikin Jerin Layi na IUCN na 2008, yayin da ake ɗaukar ''P. (r.) rufomitratus'' a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari. An yi amfani da babban kogin Tana a ƙarƙashin kulawar Babban Bankin Tana (TRPNR). Sun yi bincike da nazari mai yawa kan kiyaye jan kogin Tana. Sun gano cewa kashi 37% ne kawai na jan kogin suka rayu a cikin kiyayewar kanta, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi tambaya game da dabarun kiyayewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mbora |first=D. N. M. |last2=Meikle |first2=D. B. |year=2004 |title=The value of unprotected habitat in conserving the critically endangered Tana River red colobus (''Procolobus rufomitratus'') |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=91–99 |bibcode=2004BCons.120...91M |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2004.02.012}}</ref> === Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari === Kolobus ja na Kogin Tana yana cikin ƙaramin yanki na duniya ne kawai. Haɗarin da ke tattare da shi a yanzu yana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar muhalli da kuma tsanantawa daga mutane. Ana ci gaba da sare dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, wanda ke haifar da lalata mazaunin kolobus ja. Noman ƙasa da ƙirƙirar koguna da dazuzzuka sun yi mummunan tasiri. Duk halittar ɗan adam ta ƙunshi share dazuzzuka na wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin lalata wuraren dazuzzuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moinde-Fockler |first=N. N. |last2=Oguge |first2=N. O. |last3=Karere |first3=G. M. |last4=Otina |first4=D. |last5=Suleman |first5=M. A. |year=2006 |title=Human and natural impacts on forests along lower Tana river, Kenya: Implications towards conservation and management of endemic primate species and their habitat |url=http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8889 |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=16 |issue=4 |page=1161 |doi=10.1007/s10531-006-9096-8 |s2cid=2448681 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kolobus ja na Kogin Tana da mangabey na Kogin Tana an saka su cikin mawuyacin hali saboda sare dazuzzuka da lalatawar da yawan jama'a ke haifarwa. Dazuzzuka babu kowa a cikinsu musamman don noma; a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata kusan kashi 50% na dazuzzukan musamman sun ɓace. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 1987 ya kammala da cewa tun daga shekarar 1975 an sami kusan kashi 80% na raguwar adadin birai na Kogin Tana Colobus. An gano cewa rikice-rikicen gidaje, canjin hanyoyin noma, da kuma canjin hanyar kogin su ne manyan dalilan da ke haifar da barazana ga muhalli. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Decker |first=B. S. |year=1994 |title=Effects of habitat disturbance on the behavioral ecology and demographics of the Tana river red colobus (''Colobus badius rufomitratus'') |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226733668 |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=703–737 |doi=10.1007/BF02737428 |s2cid=21945409}}</ref> Wata barazana da ke tasowa ga kogin Tana River red colobus ita ce shigar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa wuraren zama. Kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin birai ya fi sauran nau'ikan birai girma sosai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mbora |first=D. N. |last2=McPeek |first2=M. A. |year=2009 |title=Host density and human activities mediate increased parasite prevalence and richness in primates threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=210–8 |bibcode=2009JAnEc..78..210M |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01481.x |pmid=19120603 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Abinci mai gina jiki == Birai na Colobus galibi suna cin ganye daga ƙayyadadden adadin nau'in bishiyoyi. Suna zaɓar nau'in ganyen da suka girma waɗanda ke da yawan nitrogen kuma ba su da fiber. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mowry |first=C. B. |last2=Decker |first2=B. S. |last3=Shure |first3=D. J. |year=1996 |title=The role of phytochemistry in dietary choices of Tana River red colobus monkeys (''Procolobus badius rufomitratus'') |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=17 |pages=63–84 |doi=10.1007/BF02696159 |s2cid=673576}}</ref> Suna ƙara wa wannan babban abincin cellulose abinci tare da 'ya'yan itace marasa nuna lokaci-lokaci, gansakuka da iri. Abincin ɗan adam ba shi da sha'awa ga waɗannan ƙwararrun ganye. Cikinsu yana da girma kuma yana da ɗakuna uku, kuma yana ɗauke da takamaiman ƙwayar cuta wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin tauri da narke ganyen. Suna cin kimanin kilogiram biyu zuwa uku na ganye a rana. Wani lokaci suna cin ƙasa, yumbu da gawayi don taimakawa wajen narke guba da ganyayyaki masu guba. Saboda rashin kyawun abinci mai gina jiki na abincinsu, dole ne su yi bincike sosai na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa kowace rana suna neman abinci, kuma su ɓatar da mafi yawan sauran rana suna hutawa don taimakawa narkewar abinci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tusk {{!}} Tana River Red Colobus |url=https://www.tusk.org/species/tana-river-red-colobus/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en}}</ref> == Halayya == Birai masu launin ja na Tana River galibi suna zama halittu masu nutsuwa da natsuwa. Suna zaune tare a ƙananan lambobi kuma suna yin kira kaɗan idan ya zama dole. == Mazauni == Birin jan colobus na Kogin Tana ya samo sunansa ne daga inda yake zaune, a gefen dazuzzukan da ke gefen ambaliyar ruwa a ƙananan Kogin Tana a gabashin Kenya, kogin da ya fi tsayi a ƙasar. Kogin yana da tsawon kusan 1,000.&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita. Idan kogin ya yi ambaliya, faɗin kogin yana tsakanin kilomita ɗaya zuwa shida, kuma faɗin mita 60 zuwa 100 idan ba a ambaliya ba. Ambaliyar ruwa tana faruwa kusan sau ɗaya a shekara, tare da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a kowace shekara uku. Duk da cewa ambaliyar ruwan galibi tana da ciyawa, akwai wurare masu daji, dazuzzuka, da dazuzzuka. === Yanayi === Kogin Tana na ƙasa gabaɗaya yana da zafi da bushewa, tare da yanayin zafi tsakanin {{Convert|86|to|100|F|C}} . Watanni mafi zafi galibi suna faruwa ne a watan Janairu da Fabrairu yayin da watanni mafi sanyi sune Mayu zuwa Yuli. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana tsakanin 500 da 600&nbsp;mm, inda watanni mafi danshi su ne Maris da Afrilu, kuma mafi bushewa su ne Nuwamba da Disamba. === Kayan lambu === Babban ciyayi da ke bayyana a gefen Kogin Tana ya haɗa da ciyawa, ciyawar daji, daji, dazuzzukan da ba sa yin fure da kuma dazuzzukan da ba sa yin fure. Saboda matsalolin ɗan adam da ambaliyar ruwa, an samu raguwar dazuzzuka a wurare daban-daban. An gudanar da wani bincike a shekarar 1988 don gano abin da ke haifar da raguwar mangabey mai siffar crested da kuma jan kogin Tana. An gano cewa dajin yana sake farfadowa kuma yana sa sabon nau'in ciyayi ya jawo hankalin sabbin nau'ikan. Wannan zai iya zama dalilin raguwar adadinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Medley, Kimberly E |date=Summer 1993 |title=The Tana River forests, Kenya: small, dynamic, and endangered |journal=Focus |volume=43 |pages=15–22}}</ref> == Kwaikwayo == Jajayen goro na Kogin Tana yana da tsarin saduwa tsakanin mace da namiji musamman idan namiji ɗaya ne kawai yake. Tsarin rinjaye yawanci yana ƙayyade waɗanne mutane ne aka yarda su haɗu. Ba a san komai game da zagayowar haihuwa a cikin daji ba saboda yawan ƙaura da wannan nau'in ke yi akai-akai. Namijin da ya fi rinjaye yawanci yana haɗuwa da mata a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya ta zamantakewa. Mata suna fara saduwa ta hanyar nuna soyayya da kiran saduwa. Birai jajayen goro suna haihuwa a duk shekara, kuma suna da lokacin ɗaukar ciki na kimanin watanni 4.5 zuwa 5.5. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3gwvf2ziyozzzuefkt3vuqrguzwappz 840825 840822 2026-05-28T05:19:26Z Engineer014 44591 840825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Kenya]])" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tana River (Kenya)">Kogin Tana Red Colobus''' ('''''Piliocolobus rufomitratus'''''), wanda kuma ake kira Eastern Red Colobus, nau'in dabbobi ne masu haɗari sosai a cikin dangin Cercopithecidae . Yana da iyaka a cikin wani yanki mai zurfi na gandun daji kusa da Kogin Tana a kudu maso gabashin Kenya. == Tsarin Haraji == Kamar yadda aka bayyana a nan, ''P. rufomitratus'' nau'in halitta ne mai kama da juna wanda aka takaita ga Kenya, bayan Groves . A matsayin dukkan jajayen colobuses, a da ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in ''P. badius'' mai yaɗuwa. Wasu hukumomi na baya-bayan nan sun haɗa da ''P. tephrosceles'', ''P. foai'' da ''P. tholloni'' a matsayin nau'in ''P. rufomitratus'' maimakon a gane su a matsayin nau'in halitta daban-daban. == Matsayin kiyayewa == An yi la'akari da jan kogin Tana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyi 25 mafi fuskantar barazanar rayuwa a duniya . <ref>{{Cite book|edition=J.|url-access=Ganzhorn|oclc=Oates|last=Russell Mittermeier}}</ref> Tare da [[Tana River mangabey|mangabey na Kogin Tana]] da ke fuskantar barazanar rayuwa, babban dalilin ƙirƙirar [[Tana River Primate National Reserve|reshen Kogin Tana]] a shekarar 1978, amma cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin wannan wurin ya ci gaba. Kwanan nan, an ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mayar da hekta 20,000 na Delta na Kogin Tana zuwa gonakin sukari, amma aƙalla, Babban Kotun Kenya ta dakatar da wannan, na ɗan lokaci. ''Contra'' Groves, ba a amince da shi a matsayin nau'in da ya bambanta da na Uganda, Afirka ta Tsakiya da kuma na Thollon ba a cikin Jerin Red na IUCN na 2008. Da waɗannan a matsayin ƙananan nau'ikan halittu, ana ɗaukar ''P. rufomitratus'' a matsayin mafi ƙarancin damuwa a cikin Jerin Layi na IUCN na 2008, yayin da ake ɗaukar ''P. (r.) rufomitratus'' a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari. An yi amfani da babban kogin Tana a ƙarƙashin kulawar Babban Bankin Tana (TRPNR). Sun yi bincike da nazari mai yawa kan kiyaye jan kogin Tana. Sun gano cewa kashi 37% ne kawai na jan kogin suka rayu a cikin kiyayewar kanta, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi tambaya game da dabarun kiyayewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mbora |first=D. N. M. |last2=Meikle |first2=D. B. |year=2004 |title=The value of unprotected habitat in conserving the critically endangered Tana River red colobus (''Procolobus rufomitratus'') |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=91–99 |bibcode=2004BCons.120...91M |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2004.02.012}}</ref> === Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari === Kolobus ja na Kogin Tana yana cikin ƙaramin yanki na duniya ne kawai. Haɗarin da ke tattare da shi a yanzu yana faruwa ne sakamakon asarar muhalli da kuma tsanantawa daga mutane. Ana ci gaba da sare dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, wanda ke haifar da lalata mazaunin kolobus ja. Noman ƙasa da ƙirƙirar koguna da dazuzzuka sun yi mummunan tasiri. Duk halittar ɗan adam ta ƙunshi share dazuzzuka na wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin lalata wuraren dazuzzuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moinde-Fockler |first=N. N. |last2=Oguge |first2=N. O. |last3=Karere |first3=G. M. |last4=Otina |first4=D. |last5=Suleman |first5=M. A. |year=2006 |title=Human and natural impacts on forests along lower Tana river, Kenya: Implications towards conservation and management of endemic primate species and their habitat |url=http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8889 |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=16 |issue=4 |page=1161 |doi=10.1007/s10531-006-9096-8 |s2cid=2448681 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kolobus ja na Kogin Tana da mangabey na Kogin Tana an saka su cikin mawuyacin hali saboda sare dazuzzuka da lalatawar da yawan jama'a ke haifarwa. Dazuzzuka babu kowa a cikinsu musamman don noma; a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata kusan kashi 50% na dazuzzukan musamman sun ɓace. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 1987 ya kammala da cewa tun daga shekarar 1975 an sami kusan kashi 80% na raguwar adadin birai na Kogin Tana Colobus. An gano cewa rikice-rikicen gidaje, canjin hanyoyin noma, da kuma canjin hanyar kogin su ne manyan dalilan da ke haifar da barazana ga muhalli. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Decker |first=B. S. |year=1994 |title=Effects of habitat disturbance on the behavioral ecology and demographics of the Tana river red colobus (''Colobus badius rufomitratus'') |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226733668 |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=703–737 |doi=10.1007/BF02737428 |s2cid=21945409}}</ref> Wata barazana da ke tasowa ga kogin Tana River red colobus ita ce shigar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa wuraren zama. Kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin birai ya fi sauran nau'ikan birai girma sosai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mbora |first=D. N. |last2=McPeek |first2=M. A. |year=2009 |title=Host density and human activities mediate increased parasite prevalence and richness in primates threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=210–8 |bibcode=2009JAnEc..78..210M |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01481.x |pmid=19120603 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Abinci mai gina jiki == Birai na Colobus galibi suna cin ganye daga ƙayyadadden adadin nau'in bishiyoyi. Suna zaɓar nau'in ganyen da suka girma waɗanda ke da yawan nitrogen kuma ba su da fiber. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mowry |first=C. B. |last2=Decker |first2=B. S. |last3=Shure |first3=D. J. |year=1996 |title=The role of phytochemistry in dietary choices of Tana River red colobus monkeys (''Procolobus badius rufomitratus'') |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=17 |pages=63–84 |doi=10.1007/BF02696159 |s2cid=673576}}</ref> Suna ƙara wa wannan babban abincin cellulose abinci tare da 'ya'yan itace marasa nuna lokaci-lokaci, gansakuka da iri. Abincin ɗan adam ba shi da sha'awa ga waɗannan ƙwararrun ganye. Cikinsu yana da girma kuma yana da ɗakuna uku, kuma yana ɗauke da takamaiman ƙwayar cuta wanda ke taimakawa wajen yin tauri da narke ganyen. Suna cin kimanin kilogiram biyu zuwa uku na ganye a rana. Wani lokaci suna cin ƙasa, yumbu da gawayi don taimakawa wajen narke guba da ganyayyaki masu guba. Saboda rashin kyawun abinci mai gina jiki na abincinsu, dole ne su yi bincike sosai na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa kowace rana suna neman abinci, kuma su ɓatar da mafi yawan sauran rana suna hutawa don taimakawa narkewar abinci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tusk {{!}} Tana River Red Colobus |url=https://www.tusk.org/species/tana-river-red-colobus/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en}}</ref> == Halayya == Birai masu launin ja na Tana River galibi suna zama halittu masu nutsuwa da natsuwa. Suna zaune tare a ƙananan lambobi kuma suna yin kira kaɗan idan ya zama dole. == Mazauni == Birin jan colobus na Kogin Tana ya samo sunansa ne daga inda yake zaune, a gefen dazuzzukan da ke gefen ambaliyar ruwa a ƙananan Kogin Tana a gabashin Kenya, kogin da ya fi tsayi a ƙasar. Kogin yana da tsawon kusan 1,000.&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita. Idan kogin ya yi ambaliya, faɗin kogin yana tsakanin kilomita ɗaya zuwa shida, kuma faɗin mita 60 zuwa 100 idan ba a ambaliya ba. Ambaliyar ruwa tana faruwa kusan sau ɗaya a shekara, tare da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a kowace shekara uku. Duk da cewa ambaliyar ruwan galibi tana da ciyawa, akwai wurare masu daji, dazuzzuka, da dazuzzuka. === Yanayi === Kogin Tana na ƙasa gabaɗaya yana da zafi da bushewa, tare da yanayin zafi tsakanin {{Convert|86|to|100|F|C}} . Watanni mafi zafi galibi suna faruwa ne a watan Janairu da Fabrairu yayin da watanni mafi sanyi sune Mayu zuwa Yuli. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana tsakanin 500 da 600&nbsp;mm, inda watanni mafi danshi su ne Maris da Afrilu, kuma mafi bushewa su ne Nuwamba da Disamba. === Kayan lambu === Babban ciyayi da ke bayyana a gefen Kogin Tana ya haɗa da ciyawa, ciyawar daji, daji, dazuzzukan da ba sa yin fure da kuma dazuzzukan da ba sa yin fure. Saboda matsalolin ɗan adam da ambaliyar ruwa, an samu raguwar dazuzzuka a wurare daban-daban. An gudanar da wani bincike a shekarar 1988 don gano abin da ke haifar da raguwar mangabey mai siffar crested da kuma jan kogin Tana. An gano cewa dajin yana sake farfadowa kuma yana sa sabon nau'in ciyayi ya jawo hankalin sabbin nau'ikan. Wannan zai iya zama dalilin raguwar adadinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Medley, Kimberly E |date=Summer 1993 |title=The Tana River forests, Kenya: small, dynamic, and endangered |journal=Focus |volume=43 |pages=15–22}}</ref> == Kwaikwayo == Jajayen goro na Kogin Tana yana da tsarin saduwa tsakanin mace da namiji musamman idan namiji ɗaya ne kawai yake. Tsarin rinjaye yawanci yana ƙayyade waɗanne mutane ne aka yarda su haɗu. Ba a san komai game da zagayowar haihuwa a cikin daji ba saboda yawan ƙaura da wannan nau'in ke yi akai-akai. Namijin da ya fi rinjaye yawanci yana haɗuwa da mata a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya ta zamantakewa. Mata suna fara saduwa ta hanyar nuna soyayya da kiran saduwa. Birai jajayen goro suna haihuwa a duk shekara, kuma suna da lokacin ɗaukar ciki na kimanin watanni 4.5 zuwa 5.5. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 37kpt5085mx2grm43hzh04ubb78lomw 0 152449 840824 2026-05-28T05:19:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352037874|Lake Kisale]]" 840824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Kisale''' tafki ne a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), a Yankin Bukama, Gundumar Haut-Lomami . A kusan kilomita 300 (120 sq a yankin, ita ce ta biyu mafi girma daga cikin tabkuna a cikin Upemba Depression (Kamolondo Depression), wani yanki mai zurfi a wani bangare a cikin Up emba National Park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2009 |title=Marshlands of the Upemba Depression, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133216/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |archive-date=2011-01-06 |access-date=2011-12-03 |website=Eosnap}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Kogin Lualaba ya shiga cikin Upemba Depression kimanin kilomita 40 (25 bayan ya bar [[Tafkin Nzilo]] (Rashin Delcommune). Rashin lafiya yana da nau'i mai kama da 400 kilomita (250 tsawo da 100 kilomita (62 fadi, yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ramin yana da kimanin mita 1,000 (3,300 sama da matakin teku a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacinsa, yana gangarowa sosai zuwa tsawo na mita 610 (2,000 , inda yake shimfiɗa kuma ya cika da tabkuna da marshes don nisan kilomita 225 (140 a cikin belin da ke da nisan kilomita 37 (23 a matsakaici. Kogin yawanci yana gudana ta cikin marshes tsakanin tabkuna, wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙananan tashoshi. Koyaya, yayin da yake gudana ta cikin tabkuna Lake Kabwe da Lake Kisale, ana iya ganin waɗannan a matsayin fadada kogin. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1957 an tono tukwane da abubuwa na ƙarfe daga wani makabartar Iron Age da aka gano a Sanga a arewacin bakin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacques Nenquin |year=1963 |title=Notes on some early pottery cultures in Northern Katanga1 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=6D04349F58AF0543BA005F8F33347331.journals?fromPage=online&aid=2832640 |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=4 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700003686 |s2cid=162445358 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2011-12-03}}</ref> Shafin yana ba da shaida game da asalin [[Mutanen Luba]] na Zambia na yanzu da DRC, ana zaton yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi na farko da suka yi aiki da baƙin ƙarfe a Afirka ta Tsakiya. A shekara ta 800 AZ suna zaune a cikin mazauna dindindin a kusa da tabkuna, marshes da koguna na yankin. Ƙasa tana da kyau, tana tallafawa gonaki masu amfani don amfanin gona kamar sorghum da millet, yayin da kifi da wasan suka samar da tushen furotin. Yawan jama'a ya karu kuma al'umma ta zama mai rikitarwa. Kayayyakin kabari sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na jan ƙarfe waɗanda dole ne a samo su ta hanyar kasuwanci tare da mutanen da ke cikin belin jan ƙarfe zuwa kudu. == Manazarta == 8wvajkrro3p8wlcqzcuqy2x73mqi8ny 840826 840824 2026-05-28T05:19:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 840826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Kisale''' tafki ne a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), a Yankin Bukama, Gundumar Haut-Lomami . A kusan kilomita 300 (120 sq a yankin, ita ce ta biyu mafi girma daga cikin tabkuna a cikin Upemba Depression (Kamolondo Depression), wani yanki mai zurfi a wani bangare a cikin Up emba National Park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2009 |title=Marshlands of the Upemba Depression, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133216/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |archive-date=2011-01-06 |access-date=2011-12-03 |website=Eosnap}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Kogin Lualaba ya shiga cikin Upemba Depression kimanin kilomita 40 (25 bayan ya bar [[Tafkin Nzilo]] (Rashin Delcommune). Rashin lafiya yana da nau'i mai kama da 400 kilomita (250 tsawo da 100 kilomita (62 fadi, yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ramin yana da kimanin mita 1,000 (3,300 sama da matakin teku a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacinsa, yana gangarowa sosai zuwa tsawo na mita 610 (2,000 , inda yake shimfiɗa kuma ya cika da tabkuna da marshes don nisan kilomita 225 (140 a cikin belin da ke da nisan kilomita 37 (23 a matsakaici. Kogin yawanci yana gudana ta cikin marshes tsakanin tabkuna, wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙananan tashoshi. Koyaya, yayin da yake gudana ta cikin tabkuna Lake Kabwe da Lake Kisale, ana iya ganin waɗannan a matsayin fadada kogin. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1957 an tono tukwane da abubuwa na ƙarfe daga wani makabartar Iron Age da aka gano a Sanga a arewacin bakin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacques Nenquin |year=1963 |title=Notes on some early pottery cultures in Northern Katanga1 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=6D04349F58AF0543BA005F8F33347331.journals?fromPage=online&aid=2832640 |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=4 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700003686 |s2cid=162445358 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2011-12-03}}</ref> Shafin yana ba da shaida game da asalin [[Mutanen Luba]] na Zambia na yanzu da DRC, ana zaton yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi na farko da suka yi aiki da baƙin ƙarfe a Afirka ta Tsakiya. A shekara ta 800 AZ suna zaune a cikin mazauna dindindin a kusa da tabkuna, marshes da koguna na yankin. Ƙasa tana da kyau, tana tallafawa gonaki masu amfani don amfanin gona kamar sorghum da millet, yayin da kifi da wasan suka samar da tushen furotin. Yawan jama'a ya karu kuma al'umma ta zama mai rikitarwa. Kayayyakin kabari sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na jan ƙarfe waɗanda dole ne a samo su ta hanyar kasuwanci tare da mutanen da ke cikin belin jan ƙarfe zuwa kudu. == Manazarta == 6rz2yif7rqh51z6q315lgs0pi3vnc1u 0 152450 840827 2026-05-28T05:21:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311462978|Lake Mai-Ndombe]]" 840827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lake_Mai-Ndombe_and_Fimi_River_DRC.svg|thumb|Tafkin Mai-Ndombe da Kogin Fimi, a ja]] '''Tafkin Mai-Ndombe''' (Faransanci: Lac Mai-N Dombe, Yaren mutanen Holland: ) babban tafki ne na ruwa mai laushi a lardin Mai-N dombe a yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Tafkin yana cikin yankin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe, mafi girman Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya wanda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta amince da shi a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logging concession different periods |url=http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Institute for Environmental Security}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tafkin yana malalowa zuwa kudu ta cikin [[Kogin Fimi]] zuwa cikin Kogin Kwah da [[Kogin Congo|Congo]]. Har zuwa 1972 an san shi da '''Tafkin Leopold II''' ( [[Faransanci]] : ''Lac Léopold II'' ; Yaren mutanen Holland : ''Leopold II-meer'' ) bayan [[Leopold na biyu na Belgium|Leopold II]], Sarkin mutanen Belgium . ''Mai-Ndombe'' yana nufin "ruwan baƙi" a Kikongo . Tafkin yana da siffar da ba ta dace ba kuma yana da zurfin mita 5 kawai (matsakaici) zuwa mita 10 (matsakaici). Yana da fadin murabba'in mil 890 (murabba'in kilomita 2,300), an san shi da ninka girmansa sau uku ko sau uku a lokacin damina. Ruwansa yana shaƙar iskar oxygen a cikin zurfinsa kuma pH yana tsakanin 4.2 zuwa 5.5. Ƙananan gaɓar dazuzzuka suna kewaye da shi da dazuzzukan dazuzzuka masu yawa da danshi waɗanda ke mamaye arewa da kuma mosaic na daji da savanna a kudu. == Biodiversity == Bincike ya nuna babban bambancin halittu a ciki da kewayen tafkin, tare da dabbobi kamar nau'ikan otters guda biyu, marsh mongoose, giant otter shrew, tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa, crocodiles da [[Afifiya|Turtles]]. Mai-Ndombe ya ƙunshi ruwan baƙar fata mai cike da acid, mai wadataccen ruwa kuma gabaɗaya an rubuta Kifi wannan tafkin sosai ba, har ma idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna a cikin Kogin Kongo. Kodayake yanayin muhalli yayi kama da Tafkin Tumba kuma a wasu lokuta ana haɗa su kai tsaye ta tashoshi ko maras kyau, akwai wasu manyan bambance-bambance a cikin fauna na kifi da ke zaune a tabkuna biyu, amma kuma yawancin jinsunan da aka raba.<ref name="FEOW" /><ref name="Hardman2008">{{Cite journal |last=Michael Hardman |last2=Melanie L.J. Stiassny |title=A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727 |journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=175–184 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> George Albert Boulenger ne ya yi binciken farko sama da ƙarni daya da suka gabata kuma an yi nazarin kaɗan daga baya game da fauna na kifi a cikin tafkin.<ref name="FEOW" /> Misali, binciken farko na ɓangaren arewacin an gudanar da shi ne kawai a shekara ta 2002.<ref name="Schliewen2006">{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich K. Schliewen |last2=Melanie L. J. Stiassny |date=April 10, 2006 |title=A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1169 |issue=33 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Fiye da nau'in kifi 30 an san su, amma ana zaton ainihin adadi ya fi girma.<ref name="FEOW" /> Akwai sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar: catfish ''Amphilius opisthophthalmus'' da cichlid ''Hemichromis cerasogaster'' Boulenger ya bayyana su ta hanyar kimiyya.<ref name="FEOW" /> Sauran sune abubuwan da aka gano kwanan nan waɗanda aka bayyana su ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata: A cikin 1984, sabon nau'in cichlid, ''Nanochromis transvestitus'', mai suna saboda gaskiyar cewa yana nuna juyin juya halin jima'i, an bayyana shi ta hanyar kimiyya daga tafkin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donald J. Stewart |last2=Tyson R. Roberts |date=February 23, 1984 |title=A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1445037 |journal=Copeia |volume=1984 |issue=1 |pages=82–86 |doi=10.2307/1445037 |jstor=1445037 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, an bayyana wani sabon nau'in cichlid, ''Nanochromis wickleri'', kuma a cikin shekara ta 2008, an rubuta sabon nau'ikan kifi, ''Chrysichthys praecox''. <ref name="Hardman2008" /><ref name="Schliewen2006" /> == Ayyukan tattalin arziki == Wasu daga cikin manyan wuraren izini na kamfanin katako na Sodefor suna arewa da kudu na Tafkin Mai-Ndombe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales |url=http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-02-03 |publisher=SODEFOR}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2009, jirage biyu na katako sun nutse wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka 73. Ba a ba da izinin jirgin don ɗaukar fasinjoji ba, amma an yi imanin cewa yana da mutane 270 a cikin jirgin a lokacin. Tafkin Mai-Ndombe da tsarin kogi galibi ana amfani da su don sufuri a duk faɗin ƙasar saboda tsarin hanyar ƙasa bai isa ba. Jiragen fasinja da yawa suna ɗaukar daruruwan mutane kowace rana. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen ruwa tsofaffi ne kuma ba a kiyaye su ba. A ranar Asabar, 25 ga Mayu, 2019, jirgin fasinja tare da fasinjoji sama da 350 ya nutse cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Fiye da fasinjoji 45 sun mutu a rana ta farko kuma sama da ɗari sun rasa. A mayar da martani gwamnati ta ce za ta hana jiragen fasinja na katako sama da shekaru 5 daga tsallaka tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html |archive-date=2019-07-12 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Taswirar shuke-shuke na yankin Mai-Ndombe (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo). Makarantar Yankin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Gudanar da Kasa. Jami'ar Kinshasa, Yuli 2003 * Littafin tushe don albarkatun kifi na Afirka, Vol. 1. J.-P. Vanden Bossche & G.M. Bernacsek {{ISBN|92-5-102983-0}} == Manazarta == ak54xy6m6ch4ceushh4stn9llhzuvkm 840829 840827 2026-05-28T05:21:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 840829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lake_Mai-Ndombe_and_Fimi_River_DRC.svg|thumb|Tafkin Mai-Ndombe da Kogin Fimi, a ja]] '''Tafkin Mai-Ndombe''' (Faransanci: Lac Mai-N Dombe, Yaren mutanen Holland: ) babban tafki ne na ruwa mai laushi a lardin Mai-N dombe a yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Tafkin yana cikin yankin Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe, mafi girman Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya wanda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta amince da shi a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logging concession different periods |url=http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Institute for Environmental Security}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tafkin yana malalowa zuwa kudu ta cikin [[Kogin Fimi]] zuwa cikin Kogin Kwah da [[Kogin Congo|Congo]]. Har zuwa 1972 an san shi da '''Tafkin Leopold II''' ( [[Faransanci]] : ''Lac Léopold II'' ; Yaren mutanen Holland : ''Leopold II-meer'' ) bayan [[Leopold na biyu na Belgium|Leopold II]], Sarkin mutanen Belgium . ''Mai-Ndombe'' yana nufin "ruwan baƙi" a Kikongo . Tafkin yana da siffar da ba ta dace ba kuma yana da zurfin mita 5 kawai (matsakaici) zuwa mita 10 (matsakaici). Yana da fadin murabba'in mil 890 (murabba'in kilomita 2,300), an san shi da ninka girmansa sau uku ko sau uku a lokacin damina. Ruwansa yana shaƙar iskar oxygen a cikin zurfinsa kuma pH yana tsakanin 4.2 zuwa 5.5. Ƙananan gaɓar dazuzzuka suna kewaye da shi da dazuzzukan dazuzzuka masu yawa da danshi waɗanda ke mamaye arewa da kuma mosaic na daji da savanna a kudu. == Biodiversity == Bincike ya nuna babban bambancin halittu a ciki da kewayen tafkin, tare da dabbobi kamar nau'ikan otters guda biyu, marsh mongoose, giant otter shrew, tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa, crocodiles da [[Afifiya|Turtles]]. Mai-Ndombe ya ƙunshi ruwan baƙar fata mai cike da acid, mai wadataccen ruwa kuma gabaɗaya an rubuta Kifi wannan tafkin sosai ba, har ma idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna a cikin Kogin Kongo. Kodayake yanayin muhalli yayi kama da Tafkin Tumba kuma a wasu lokuta ana haɗa su kai tsaye ta tashoshi ko maras kyau, akwai wasu manyan bambance-bambance a cikin fauna na kifi da ke zaune a tabkuna biyu, amma kuma yawancin jinsunan da aka raba.<ref name="FEOW" /><ref name="Hardman2008">{{Cite journal |last=Michael Hardman |last2=Melanie L.J. Stiassny |title=A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727 |journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=175–184 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> George Albert Boulenger ne ya yi binciken farko sama da ƙarni daya da suka gabata kuma an yi nazarin kaɗan daga baya game da fauna na kifi a cikin tafkin.<ref name="FEOW" /> Misali, binciken farko na ɓangaren arewacin an gudanar da shi ne kawai a shekara ta 2002.<ref name="Schliewen2006">{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich K. Schliewen |last2=Melanie L. J. Stiassny |date=April 10, 2006 |title=A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1169 |issue=33 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Fiye da nau'in kifi 30 an san su, amma ana zaton ainihin adadi ya fi girma.<ref name="FEOW" /> Akwai sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar: catfish ''Amphilius opisthophthalmus'' da cichlid ''Hemichromis cerasogaster'' Boulenger ya bayyana su ta hanyar kimiyya.<ref name="FEOW" /> Sauran sune abubuwan da aka gano kwanan nan waɗanda aka bayyana su ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata: A cikin 1984, sabon nau'in cichlid, ''Nanochromis transvestitus'', mai suna saboda gaskiyar cewa yana nuna juyin juya halin jima'i, an bayyana shi ta hanyar kimiyya daga tafkin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donald J. Stewart |last2=Tyson R. Roberts |date=February 23, 1984 |title=A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1445037 |journal=Copeia |volume=1984 |issue=1 |pages=82–86 |doi=10.2307/1445037 |jstor=1445037 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, an bayyana wani sabon nau'in cichlid, ''Nanochromis wickleri'', kuma a cikin shekara ta 2008, an rubuta sabon nau'ikan kifi, ''Chrysichthys praecox''. <ref name="Hardman2008" /><ref name="Schliewen2006" /> == Ayyukan tattalin arziki == Wasu daga cikin manyan wuraren izini na kamfanin katako na Sodefor suna arewa da kudu na Tafkin Mai-Ndombe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales |url=http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2012-02-03 |publisher=SODEFOR}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2009, jirage biyu na katako sun nutse wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka 73. Ba a ba da izinin jirgin don ɗaukar fasinjoji ba, amma an yi imanin cewa yana da mutane 270 a cikin jirgin a lokacin. Tafkin Mai-Ndombe da tsarin kogi galibi ana amfani da su don sufuri a duk faɗin ƙasar saboda tsarin hanyar ƙasa bai isa ba. Jiragen fasinja da yawa suna ɗaukar daruruwan mutane kowace rana. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen ruwa tsofaffi ne kuma ba a kiyaye su ba. A ranar Asabar, 25 ga Mayu, 2019, jirgin fasinja tare da fasinjoji sama da 350 ya nutse cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Fiye da fasinjoji 45 sun mutu a rana ta farko kuma sama da ɗari sun rasa. A mayar da martani gwamnati ta ce za ta hana jiragen fasinja na katako sama da shekaru 5 daga tsallaka tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html |archive-date=2019-07-12 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == * Taswirar shuke-shuke na yankin Mai-Ndombe (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo). Makarantar Yankin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Gudanar da Kasa. Jami'ar Kinshasa, Yuli 2003 * Littafin tushe don albarkatun kifi na Afirka, Vol. 1. J.-P. Vanden Bossche & G.M. Bernacsek {{ISBN|92-5-102983-0}} == Manazarta == qsnqedy01vqtc2zjn8hhf4vhr54wl5y 0 152451 840831 2026-05-28T05:22:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329082292|Lake Mweru]]" 840831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Mweru''' (also spelled ''Mwelu'', ''Mwero'') (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) is a freshwater [[Tafki|lake]] on the longest arm of [[Afirka|Africa]]'s second-longest river, the [[Kogin Congo|Congo]]. Located on the border between [[Zambiya|Zambia]] and [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], it makes up {{Convert|110|km}} of the total length of the Congo, lying between its Luapula River (upstream) and Luvua River (downstream) segments. '''Mweru''' na nufin 'kogi' a cikin harsuna da yawa na Bantu, don haka galibi ana kiranta kawai 'Mweru'. == Yanayin jiki == Kogin Luapula ne ke ciyar da Mweru, wanda ke shigowa ta hanyar maras kyau daga kudu, da Kogin Kalungwishi daga gabas. A arewacin Kogin Luvua, wanda ke gudana a arewa maso yamma don shiga Kogin Lualaba sannan zuwa [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. Ita ce tafkin na biyu mafi girma a cikin kwandon ruwa na Kongo kuma tana da nisan kilomita 150 (93 a yammacin ƙarshen kudancin mafi girma, [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Luapula ya samar da wani tafki mai laushi kusan kamar yadda ƙarshen kudancin tafkin yake. A fannoni da yawa, ana iya bi da ƙananan kogi da tafkin a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya. Ga tafkin a yankin da ke da yanayi mai laushi da bushewa, Mweru ba ya canzawa sosai a matakin da yanki. Canjin shekara-shekara a matakin shine mita 1.7 (5 in), tare da tsawo na yanayi a watan Mayu da ƙasa a watan Janairu.<ref name="BKZ">{{Cite journal |last=AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten |year=2006 |title=Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=145–150 |doi=10.2989/16085910609503882 |s2cid=86387950}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda Luapula yana fitowa daga Bangweulu Swamps da ambaliyar ruwa wanda ke sarrafa kwararar ruwa, yana shan ambaliyar shekara-shekara kuma yana sake shi a hankali, kuma wani bangare saboda tashar Mweru, Luvua, tana sauka da sauri kuma tana gudana da sauri, ba tare da ciyayi don toshe shi ba. Hawan Mweru da sauri ya daidaita ta hanyar saurin gudu zuwa Luvua. Matsakaicin tsawon Mweru yana da kilomita 118 (73 kuma matsakaicin faɗin yana da kilomita 45 (28 , tare da tsayinsa mai tsawo wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma. Tsayinsa mita 917 (3,009 , ya fi Tanganyika (mita 763) . Tafkin kwarin da ke kwarin da yake kwance a cikin Tafkin Mweru-Luapula graben, wanda reshe ne na na Gabashin Afirka. Yankin yammacin tafkin a cikin DR Congo yana nuna tsaunuka masu tsawo na tafkin kwarin rift, wanda ya tashi zuwa Dutsen Kundelungu bayan haka, amma tsaunukan kwarin riff ba su da yawa a gabar gabas. Mweru ba shi da zurfi a kudu kuma ya fi zurfi a arewa, tare da ɓarkewa biyu a yankin arewa maso gabas tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 20 da 27 (66 da 89 . <ref name="BKZ">{{Cite journal |last=AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten |year=2006 |title=Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=145–150 |doi=10.2989/16085910609503882 |s2cid=86387950}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAR_Bos,_CK_Kapasa_and_PAM_van_Zwieten2006">AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 "Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations"]. ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''31''' (1): <span class="nowrap">145–</span>150. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2989/16085910609503882|10.2989/16085910609503882]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86387950 86387950].</cite></ref> Wani karamin tafki mai laushi da ake kira Mweru Wantipa (wanda aka fi sani da Mweru Marshes) yana da nisan kilomita 50 (31 zuwa gabas, da arewacin Kalungwishi. Yawancin lokaci yana da goyon baya kuma a zahiri yana shan ruwa daga Kalungwishi ta hanyar dambo mafi yawan lokaci, amma a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa yana iya cikawa cikin Kalungwish da Tafkin Mweru. == Yanayin ɗan adam == === Bincike === An san tafkin ga 'yan kasuwa [[Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] (na hauren giwa, jan ƙarfe da [[Bauta|bayi]]) waɗanda suka yi amfani da Tsibirin Kilwa a tafkin a matsayin tushe a lokaci guda. Sun yi amfani da hanyoyin kasuwanci daga [[Zanzibar]] a [[Tekun Indiya]] zuwa Ujiji a Tafkin Tanganyika zuwa Mweru sannan zuwa masarautun [[Masarautar Lunda|Lunda]], Luba, [[Msiri|Yeke]] ko [[Kazembe]], na ƙarshe yana kan kudancin Mweru. Hanyoyin kasuwanci na Yamma sun tafi daga waɗancan mulkoki zuwa Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantic]], don haka Mweru ya kasance a kan hanyar kasuwanci ta duniya. Tsakanin 1796 da 1831 'yan kasuwa / masu bincike na Portugal Pereira, Francisco de Lacerda da sauransu sun ziyarci Kazembe daga [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] don samun yarjejeniyoyi don amfani da hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin yankunansu na Mozambique da [[Angola]]. Dole ne [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] su san tafkin, kuma baƙi kawai suna tafiya zuwa ƙasa mafi girma kimanin kilomita 5 (3.1 arewacin babban birnin Kanyembo na Kazembe don ganin tafkin kilomita 10 (6.2 nesa. Koyaya, suna da sha'awar hanyoyin kasuwanci fiye da ganowa, sun kusanci daga kudu kuma Mwata Kazembe ya ƙuntata ƙungiyoyinsu, kuma ba su ba da labarin hakan ba. Mai bincike kuma mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje David Livingstone, wanda ya kira shi 'Moero', an yaba shi da bincikensa yayin tafiye-tafiyensa na 1867-'8. Livingstone ya ga lalacewa da wahala da cinikin [[Bauta|bawa]] ya haifar a yankin da ke arewa da gabashin Mweru, kuma asusun sa sun taimaka wajen tara adawa da shi. Kasuwancin bayi na ƙarshe a yankin ya kasance a ƙarshen shekarun 1890, duk da haka. A halin yanzu, tsakanin 1870 da 1891, rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Sarkin Yeke [[Msiri]] da shugabannin makwabta da 'yan kasuwa sun rushe yankin. 'Yan Turai kalilan ne suka ziyarci Mweru tun daga Livingstone, har sai Alfred Sharpe a cikin 1890-1 da kuma Stairs Expedition a cikin 1892 dukansu sun wuce a kan hanyar neman yarjejeniya tare da Msiri. The Stairs Expedition ya kashe Msiri kuma ya dauki Katanga ga Sarki Leopold II na Belgium. Sharpe ya bar daya daga cikin jami'ansa don kafa sansanin mulkin mallaka na farko a kwarin Luapula-Mweru, [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]] boma a Chiengi a 1891. t11cb732eibxmkav3nnhgymktzlomjg 840832 840831 2026-05-28T05:23:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 840832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Mweru''' (also spelled ''Mwelu'', ''Mwero'') (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) is a freshwater [[Tafki|lake]] on the longest arm of [[Afirka|Africa]]'s second-longest river, the [[Kogin Congo|Congo]]. Located on the border between [[Zambiya|Zambia]] and [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], it makes up {{Convert|110|km}} of the total length of the Congo, lying between its Luapula River (upstream) and Luvua River (downstream) segments. '''Mweru''' na nufin 'kogi' a cikin harsuna da yawa na Bantu, don haka galibi ana kiranta kawai 'Mweru'. == Yanayin jiki == Kogin Luapula ne ke ciyar da Mweru, wanda ke shigowa ta hanyar maras kyau daga kudu, da Kogin Kalungwishi daga gabas. A arewacin Kogin Luvua, wanda ke gudana a arewa maso yamma don shiga Kogin Lualaba sannan zuwa [[Kogin Congo|Kongo]]. Ita ce tafkin na biyu mafi girma a cikin kwandon ruwa na Kongo kuma tana da nisan kilomita 150 (93 a yammacin ƙarshen kudancin mafi girma, [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Luapula ya samar da wani tafki mai laushi kusan kamar yadda ƙarshen kudancin tafkin yake. A fannoni da yawa, ana iya bi da ƙananan kogi da tafkin a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya. Ga tafkin a yankin da ke da yanayi mai laushi da bushewa, Mweru ba ya canzawa sosai a matakin da yanki. Canjin shekara-shekara a matakin shine mita 1.7 (5 in), tare da tsawo na yanayi a watan Mayu da ƙasa a watan Janairu.<ref name="BKZ">{{Cite journal |last=AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten |year=2006 |title=Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=145–150 |doi=10.2989/16085910609503882 |s2cid=86387950}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda Luapula yana fitowa daga Bangweulu Swamps da ambaliyar ruwa wanda ke sarrafa kwararar ruwa, yana shan ambaliyar shekara-shekara kuma yana sake shi a hankali, kuma wani bangare saboda tashar Mweru, Luvua, tana sauka da sauri kuma tana gudana da sauri, ba tare da ciyayi don toshe shi ba. Hawan Mweru da sauri ya daidaita ta hanyar saurin gudu zuwa Luvua. Matsakaicin tsawon Mweru yana da kilomita 118 (73 kuma matsakaicin faɗin yana da kilomita 45 (28 , tare da tsayinsa mai tsawo wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma. Tsayinsa mita 917 (3,009 , ya fi Tanganyika (mita 763) . Tafkin kwarin da ke kwarin da yake kwance a cikin Tafkin Mweru-Luapula graben, wanda reshe ne na na Gabashin Afirka. Yankin yammacin tafkin a cikin DR Congo yana nuna tsaunuka masu tsawo na tafkin kwarin rift, wanda ya tashi zuwa Dutsen Kundelungu bayan haka, amma tsaunukan kwarin riff ba su da yawa a gabar gabas. Mweru ba shi da zurfi a kudu kuma ya fi zurfi a arewa, tare da ɓarkewa biyu a yankin arewa maso gabas tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 20 da 27 (66 da 89 . <ref name="BKZ">{{Cite journal |last=AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten |year=2006 |title=Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=145–150 |doi=10.2989/16085910609503882 |s2cid=86387950}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAR_Bos,_CK_Kapasa_and_PAM_van_Zwieten2006">AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 "Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations"]. ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''31''' (1): <span class="nowrap">145–</span>150. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2989/16085910609503882|10.2989/16085910609503882]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86387950 86387950].</cite></ref> Wani karamin tafki mai laushi da ake kira Mweru Wantipa (wanda aka fi sani da Mweru Marshes) yana da nisan kilomita 50 (31 zuwa gabas, da arewacin Kalungwishi. Yawancin lokaci yana da goyon baya kuma a zahiri yana shan ruwa daga Kalungwishi ta hanyar dambo mafi yawan lokaci, amma a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa yana iya cikawa cikin Kalungwish da Tafkin Mweru. == Yanayin ɗan adam == === Bincike === An san tafkin ga 'yan kasuwa [[Larabawa]] da [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] (na hauren giwa, jan ƙarfe da [[Bauta|bayi]]) waɗanda suka yi amfani da Tsibirin Kilwa a tafkin a matsayin tushe a lokaci guda. Sun yi amfani da hanyoyin kasuwanci daga [[Zanzibar]] a [[Tekun Indiya]] zuwa Ujiji a Tafkin Tanganyika zuwa Mweru sannan zuwa masarautun [[Masarautar Lunda|Lunda]], Luba, [[Msiri|Yeke]] ko [[Kazembe]], na ƙarshe yana kan kudancin Mweru. Hanyoyin kasuwanci na Yamma sun tafi daga waɗancan mulkoki zuwa Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantic]], don haka Mweru ya kasance a kan hanyar kasuwanci ta duniya. Tsakanin 1796 da 1831 'yan kasuwa / masu bincike na Portugal Pereira, Francisco de Lacerda da sauransu sun ziyarci Kazembe daga [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] don samun yarjejeniyoyi don amfani da hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin yankunansu na Mozambique da [[Angola]]. Dole ne [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] su san tafkin, kuma baƙi kawai suna tafiya zuwa ƙasa mafi girma kimanin kilomita 5 (3.1 arewacin babban birnin Kanyembo na Kazembe don ganin tafkin kilomita 10 (6.2 nesa. Koyaya, suna da sha'awar hanyoyin kasuwanci fiye da ganowa, sun kusanci daga kudu kuma Mwata Kazembe ya ƙuntata ƙungiyoyinsu, kuma ba su ba da labarin hakan ba. Mai bincike kuma mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje David Livingstone, wanda ya kira shi 'Moero', an yaba shi da bincikensa yayin tafiye-tafiyensa na 1867-'8. Livingstone ya ga lalacewa da wahala da cinikin [[Bauta|bawa]] ya haifar a yankin da ke arewa da gabashin Mweru, kuma asusun sa sun taimaka wajen tara adawa da shi. Kasuwancin bayi na ƙarshe a yankin ya kasance a ƙarshen shekarun 1890, duk da haka. A halin yanzu, tsakanin 1870 da 1891, rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Sarkin Yeke [[Msiri]] da shugabannin makwabta da 'yan kasuwa sun rushe yankin. 'Yan Turai kalilan ne suka ziyarci Mweru tun daga Livingstone, har sai Alfred Sharpe a cikin 1890-1 da kuma Stairs Expedition a cikin 1892 dukansu sun wuce a kan hanyar neman yarjejeniya tare da Msiri. The Stairs Expedition ya kashe Msiri kuma ya dauki Katanga ga Sarki Leopold II na Belgium. Sharpe ya bar daya daga cikin jami'ansa don kafa sansanin mulkin mallaka na farko a kwarin Luapula-Mweru, [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]] boma a Chiengi a 1891. == Manazarta == c5bz7tobzs58ai9suwohd7armg22iea 0 152452 840833 2026-05-28T05:23:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1105977750|Lake Boya]]" 840833 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Boya''' karamin tafki ne mai nisan kilomita 5 (3.1 a gabashin Kabongo a [[Lardin Katanga]] na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Tafkin yana kewaye da manyan kara, kuma yana da yawan tsuntsaye masu yawa.{{Sfn|Rorison|2008}} A lokacin mulkin mallaka yankin da ke kusa da Tafkin Boya cibiyar cinikayya ce tsakanin yankuna, muhimmiyar hanyar wadata ga Masarautar Luba.{{Sfn|Malu-Malu|2002}} Sarkin kuma mai cin nasara Kongolo ya kafa babban birninsa kusa da Tafkin Boya a [[Mwimbele]] a farkon karni na sha shida.{{Sfn|Malu-Malu|2002}} == Manazarta == 8pbslsuj33tx6ql2gsfowfrq7wloma5 840834 840833 2026-05-28T05:23:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 840834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Boya''' karamin tafki ne mai nisan kilomita 5 (3.1 a gabashin Kabongo a [[Lardin Katanga]] na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Tafkin yana kewaye da manyan kara, kuma yana da yawan tsuntsaye masu yawa.{{Sfn|Rorison|2008}} A lokacin mulkin mallaka yankin da ke kusa da Tafkin Boya cibiyar cinikayya ce tsakanin yankuna, muhimmiyar hanyar wadata ga Masarautar Luba.{{Sfn|Malu-Malu|2002}} Sarkin kuma mai cin nasara Kongolo ya kafa babban birninsa kusa da Tafkin Boya a [[Mwimbele]] a farkon karni na sha shida.{{Sfn|Malu-Malu|2002}} == Manazarta == 6j1hd044ps744nrs9w4mejs1uo6rp2r 0 152453 840835 2026-05-28T05:24:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330821389|Pool Malebo]]" 840835 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Malebo''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Stanley Pool''' ), wanda kuma aka sani a tarihi da Mpumbu, Tafkin Nkunda, Tafkin Nkuna, Tafkin Ntamo, ko Tafkin Ngobila,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> wani faffadan fili ne mai kama da tafki na [[Kogin Congo|ƙananan Kogin Congo]] a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Tsakiyar Afirka]] wanda ke samar da wani kwarin ruwa na halitta inda kogin ke faɗaɗa kafin ya gangara ƙasa zuwa cikin Ruwan Livingstone.<ref name=":2" /> Tafkin yana aiki a matsayin iyaka ta duniya tsakanin [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]] a arewa da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo]] a kudu, tare da manyan biranen ƙasar [[Brazzaville]] da [[Kinshasa]] suna fuskantar juna kai tsaye a bakin tekun arewa da kudu. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Ya kai kimanin murabba'in kilomita 500 kuma yana auna kimanin kilomita 35 da faɗin kilomita 23, Pool Malebo yana da ruwa mai zurfi, yawanci daga mita 3 zuwa 10 a zurfin, kodayake ambaliyar yanayi na iya canza matakan ruwa sosai. Sunan yankin ''Malebo'', jam'i na lilebo a cikin Lingala, yana nufin dabino na ''Borassus'' wanda ke girma da yawa a bakin tekun, tsibirai, da filayen da ke kewaye da shi, yayin da kalmar ''tafkin'' ta samo asali ne daga Turanci, inda yake nuna kwandon kuma, ta hanyar fadada, tafkin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOkeseleke2022">Okeseleke, Raymond (23 August 2022). [https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ "Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville"] &#x5B;Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville&#x5D;. ''Heshima Magazine'' (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2026</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ayimpam |first=Sylvie |date=2006 |title=Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930) |trans-title=Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930) |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=Hal.science |publisher=Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf) |pages=4–23 |language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAyimpam2006">Ayimpam, Sylvie (2006). [https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document "Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930)"] &#x5B;Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930)&#x5D;. ''Hal.science'' (in French). Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf). pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">4–</span>23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> An sake masa suna Stanley Pool a shekara ta 1887 bayan mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley, wanda ya tsara yankin a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa, tafkin ya karɓi sunan da aka samo daga Afirka a watan Janairun 1972 bayan manufofin 'yancin kai na Afirka na sunayen ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> Tun kafin hulɗar Turai, Pool Malebo ya yi aiki a matsayin maɓallin al'adu, kasuwanci, da siyasa ga 'yan asalin kabilun [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] na tsakiyar Kwango.<ref name=":0" /> == Yanayin ƙasa == === Bayyanawa da sunan wuri === Pool Malebo yanki ne inda Kogin Kongo ya fadada don samar da ''tafkin''. Kalmar Ingilishi tana nufin ruwa, kamar [[Tafki|tafkin]] ko tafkin. [[Kinshasa]] tana gefen kudancin wannan kwandon, yayin da Brazzaville ke gefen arewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ayimpam |first=Sylvie |date=2006 |title=Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930) |trans-title=Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930) |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=Hal.science |publisher=Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf) |pages=4–23 |language=fr}}</ref> Kafin sunan mulkin mallaka, mutanen yankin sun san wannan ruwa da sunaye daban-daban, gami da N'Tamo (ko Ntamo), Nkouna (Nkuna ko Nkunda), Pumbo, Pumbu, Mpumbu, ko Ngobila.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ==== Ntamo da Nkouna ==== Sunayen ''N'Tamo'' (ko ''Ntamo'') da ''Nkouna'' (''Nkuna'' ko ''Nkunda'') an ambaci su a cikin asusun da yawa daga masu binciken Turai, musamman Henry Morton Stanley, da kuma nazarin tarihi daga baya. A cewar masanin tarihin Kongo Jérôme Olland, a cikin L'Histoire du Congo-Brazzaville, Stanley ya yi amfani da kalmar ''Ntamo'' don bayyana Stanley Pool a cikin littafinsa In Darkest Africa . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A cikin Congo français du Gabon à Brazzaville, wanda aka buga a 1889, mai binciken Faransa Léon Guiral (an haife shi Léon Pierre Louis Guiral) ya lura cewa Pierre Savorgnan na Brazza, mai binciken Italiyanci a hidimar Faransa, ya sadu da mai fassara Ashimbo Taba a Nkouna. Koyaya, Uba Albert Le Gallois, mai wa'azi na Ruhu Mai Tsarki, ya bayyana a cikin Contribution à la cartographie du Congo français (Stanley Pool Region) cewa kodayake masu binciken farko sun kira babban tsibirin [[Mbamu|Bamu]] da Nkouna, bai taɓa haɗuwa da wannan sunan tsakanin Mutanen Téké na bankin dama ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Le Gallois |first=Albert |date=1912 |title=Contribution à la carthographie du Congo français |trans-title=Contribution to the cartography of French Congo |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1912_num_21_115_7291 |journal=[[Annales de géographie]] |language=fr |location=Paris, France |publisher=[[Armand Colin]] |volume=21 |issue=115 |pages=60–69 |doi=10.3406/geo.1912.7291}}</ref> ==== Pumbo, Pumbu, ko Mpumbu ==== Sunan Pumbo (''Pombo'', Pumbu, ko Mpumbu) an kuma ambaci shi a cikin asusun masu bincike da wallafe-wallafen tarihi don tsara yankin Pool. A cikin Bayani na Afirka, masanin Holland Olfert Dapper ya bayyana ''Pombo'' a matsayin lardin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Macoco (Makoko), mai mulkin Téké . Masanin tarihin Belgium Jan Vansina ya fassara kalmar kamar yadda take magana game da iyakar arewacin Stanley Pool, wanda ya zama cibiyar siyasa ta Masarautar Téké.<sup class="mw-ref reference" mwqg="">Pombo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;trans-title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2</nowiki> January 2026<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Makanisi<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;fr-FR<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwA_Y\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt15\" class=\"citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" id=\"CITEREFMalu-Malu2024\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Malu-Malu, Muriel Devey (21 July 2024). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/\" id=\"mwA_c\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d'une grande zone commerciale\"</a></nowiki> <nowiki><span id=\"mwA_g\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">[</span></nowiki>From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area<nowiki><span id=\"mwA_k\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\">]</span></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwA_o\">Makanisi</i></nowiki> (in French)<nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwA_s\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwA_w\">2 January</span></nowiki> 2026<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki><nowiki><link about=\"#mwt15\" href=\"./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)\" id=\"mwA_4\" rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:3_4-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Pool_Malebo#cite_note-:3-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ibrahim Ndinga Mbo, masanin tarihi daga Jamhuriyar Kongo, ya yi amfani da sunan Pumbo don bayyana Pool a lokacin mulkin mallaka, yayin da wasu malaman suka haɗa shi da yankin Bahumbu. Kalmar Pumbo kuma ana fahimtar ta da ma'anar "babban kasuwa".<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == 3ekxd37y8lxpcc598fm00j414j3283d 840836 840835 2026-05-28T05:25:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 840836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Malebo''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Stanley Pool''' ), wanda kuma aka sani a tarihi da Mpumbu, Tafkin Nkunda, Tafkin Nkuna, Tafkin Ntamo, ko Tafkin Ngobila,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> wani faffadan fili ne mai kama da tafki na [[Kogin Congo|ƙananan Kogin Congo]] a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Tsakiyar Afirka]] wanda ke samar da wani kwarin ruwa na halitta inda kogin ke faɗaɗa kafin ya gangara ƙasa zuwa cikin Ruwan Livingstone.<ref name=":2" /> Tafkin yana aiki a matsayin iyaka ta duniya tsakanin [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]] a arewa da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo]] a kudu, tare da manyan biranen ƙasar [[Brazzaville]] da [[Kinshasa]] suna fuskantar juna kai tsaye a bakin tekun arewa da kudu. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Ya kai kimanin murabba'in kilomita 500 kuma yana auna kimanin kilomita 35 da faɗin kilomita 23, Pool Malebo yana da ruwa mai zurfi, yawanci daga mita 3 zuwa 10 a zurfin, kodayake ambaliyar yanayi na iya canza matakan ruwa sosai. Sunan yankin ''Malebo'', jam'i na lilebo a cikin Lingala, yana nufin dabino na ''Borassus'' wanda ke girma da yawa a bakin tekun, tsibirai, da filayen da ke kewaye da shi, yayin da kalmar ''tafkin'' ta samo asali ne daga Turanci, inda yake nuna kwandon kuma, ta hanyar fadada, tafkin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOkeseleke2022">Okeseleke, Raymond (23 August 2022). [https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ "Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville"] &#x5B;Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville&#x5D;. ''Heshima Magazine'' (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2026</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ayimpam |first=Sylvie |date=2006 |title=Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930) |trans-title=Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930) |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=Hal.science |publisher=Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf) |pages=4–23 |language=fr}} [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> An sake masa suna Stanley Pool a shekara ta 1887 bayan mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley, wanda ya tsara yankin a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa, tafkin ya karɓi sunan da aka samo daga Afirka a watan Janairun 1972 bayan manufofin 'yancin kai na Afirka na sunayen ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> Tun kafin hulɗar Turai, Pool Malebo ya yi aiki a matsayin maɓallin al'adu, kasuwanci, da siyasa ga 'yan asalin kabilun [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] na tsakiyar Kwango.<ref name=":0" /> == Yanayin ƙasa == === Bayyanawa da sunan wuri === Pool Malebo yanki ne inda Kogin Kongo ya fadada don samar da ''tafkin''. Kalmar Ingilishi tana nufin ruwa, kamar [[Tafki|tafkin]] ko tafkin. [[Kinshasa]] tana gefen kudancin wannan kwandon, yayin da Brazzaville ke gefen arewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ayimpam |first=Sylvie |date=2006 |title=Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930) |trans-title=Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930) |url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=Hal.science |publisher=Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf) |pages=4–23 |language=fr}}</ref> Kafin sunan mulkin mallaka, mutanen yankin sun san wannan ruwa da sunaye daban-daban, gami da N'Tamo (ko Ntamo), Nkouna (Nkuna ko Nkunda), Pumbo, Pumbu, Mpumbu, ko Ngobila.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Okeseleke |first=Raymond |date=23 August 2022 |title=Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville |trans-title=Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville |url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Heshima Magazine |language=fr-FR |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ==== Ntamo da Nkouna ==== Sunayen ''N'Tamo'' (ko ''Ntamo'') da ''Nkouna'' (''Nkuna'' ko ''Nkunda'') an ambaci su a cikin asusun da yawa daga masu binciken Turai, musamman Henry Morton Stanley, da kuma nazarin tarihi daga baya. A cewar masanin tarihin Kongo Jérôme Olland, a cikin L'Histoire du Congo-Brazzaville, Stanley ya yi amfani da kalmar ''Ntamo'' don bayyana Stanley Pool a cikin littafinsa In Darkest Africa . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Muriel Devey |date=21 July 2024 |title=Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d’une grande zone commerciale |trans-title=From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area |url=https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A cikin Congo français du Gabon à Brazzaville, wanda aka buga a 1889, mai binciken Faransa Léon Guiral (an haife shi Léon Pierre Louis Guiral) ya lura cewa Pierre Savorgnan na Brazza, mai binciken Italiyanci a hidimar Faransa, ya sadu da mai fassara Ashimbo Taba a Nkouna. Koyaya, Uba Albert Le Gallois, mai wa'azi na Ruhu Mai Tsarki, ya bayyana a cikin Contribution à la cartographie du Congo français (Stanley Pool Region) cewa kodayake masu binciken farko sun kira babban tsibirin [[Mbamu|Bamu]] da Nkouna, bai taɓa haɗuwa da wannan sunan tsakanin Mutanen Téké na bankin dama ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Le Gallois |first=Albert |date=1912 |title=Contribution à la carthographie du Congo français |trans-title=Contribution to the cartography of French Congo |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1912_num_21_115_7291 |journal=[[Annales de géographie]] |language=fr |location=Paris, France |publisher=[[Armand Colin]] |volume=21 |issue=115 |pages=60–69 |doi=10.3406/geo.1912.7291}}</ref> ==== Pumbo, Pumbu, ko Mpumbu ==== Sunan Pumbo (''Pombo'', Pumbu, ko Mpumbu) an kuma ambaci shi a cikin asusun masu bincike da wallafe-wallafen tarihi don tsara yankin Pool. A cikin Bayani na Afirka, masanin Holland Olfert Dapper ya bayyana ''Pombo'' a matsayin lardin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Macoco (Makoko), mai mulkin Téké . Masanin tarihin Belgium Jan Vansina ya fassara kalmar kamar yadda take magana game da iyakar arewacin Stanley Pool, wanda ya zama cibiyar siyasa ta Masarautar Téké. Ibrahim Ndinga Mbo, masanin tarihi daga Jamhuriyar Kongo, ya yi amfani da sunan Pumbo don bayyana Pool a lokacin mulkin mallaka, yayin da wasu malaman suka haɗa shi da yankin Bahumbu. Kalmar Pumbo kuma ana fahimtar ta da ma'anar "babban kasuwa".<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == hzadewl4li4zs97i4eeqxgk4iqdj1s7 0 152454 840837 2026-05-28T05:26:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320104008|Lake Tumba]]" 840837 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lake_Tumba_DRC.svg|thumb|Tafkin Ntomba, a cikin ja]] '''Tafkin Ntomba''' (ko Tumba) tafki ne mai zurfi a arewa maso yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], a Yankin Bikoro na Lardin Équateur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blaes |first=X. |date=October 2008 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |archive-date=2010-04-01 |access-date=2011-12-09 |publisher=PNUD-SIG}}</ref> Sunan Tumba ya fito ne daga kuskuren furcin sunan da ba ɗan asalin ba. Tafkin ya rufe kimanin kilomita 765 (295 sq dangane da kakar, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar tashar Irebu tare da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]. Ruwa na iya shiga ko fita daga tafkin ta wannan tashar dangane da lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa. Tafkin Ntomba yana da nau'ikan kifi 114 kuma yana tallafawa muhimman kifi.<ref name="FAO2001">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=2008-03-14 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Tafkin yana tsakiyar yankin Ntomba-Ngiri-Maindombe, wanda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta sanya shi a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a cikin 2008. <ref name="ENS20080724">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2008 |title=DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-24-02.asp |access-date=2012-01-28 |website=Environment News Service}}</ref> Henry Morton Stanley ne ya binciki Tafkin Ntomba a 1883. Garin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana zaune ne da Mutanen Mongo, waɗanda a wannan yankin sun kasu kashi biyu: ''Oto'', waɗanda ke noma, da ''Twa'', Pygmies waɗanda ke kamun kifi. == Manazarta == ts2p4mbl8bq47tz6m6vwl1euk7rw3zw 840838 840837 2026-05-28T05:26:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 840838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lake_Tumba_DRC.svg|thumb|Tafkin Ntomba, a cikin ja]] '''Tafkin Ntomba''' (ko Tumba) tafki ne mai zurfi a arewa maso yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], a Yankin Bikoro na Lardin Équateur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blaes |first=X. |date=October 2008 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |archive-date=2010-04-01 |access-date=2011-12-09 |publisher=PNUD-SIG}}</ref> Sunan Tumba ya fito ne daga kuskuren furcin sunan da ba ɗan asalin ba. Tafkin ya rufe kimanin kilomita 765 (295 sq dangane da kakar, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar tashar Irebu tare da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]. Ruwa na iya shiga ko fita daga tafkin ta wannan tashar dangane da lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa. Tafkin Ntomba yana da nau'ikan kifi 114 kuma yana tallafawa muhimman kifi.<ref name="FAO2001">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=2008-03-14 |access-date=2012-01-28 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Tafkin yana tsakiyar yankin Ntomba-Ngiri-Maindombe, wanda Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta sanya shi a matsayin Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya a cikin 2008. <ref name="ENS20080724">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2008 |title=DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-24-02.asp |access-date=2012-01-28 |website=Environment News Service}}</ref> Henry Morton Stanley ne ya binciki Tafkin Ntomba a 1883. Garin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana zaune ne da Mutanen Mongo, waɗanda a wannan yankin sun kasu kashi biyu: ''Oto'', waɗanda ke noma, da ''Twa'', Pygmies waɗanda ke kamun kifi. == Manazarta == jivjburmosqui570uf7yrifk8n06wuo 0 152455 840839 2026-05-28T05:26:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328223145|Lake Upemba]]" 840839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Upemba''' ([[Faransanci]]: ''Lac Upemba''; Yaren mutanen Holland: ''Upembameer'') tafki ne a Bukama, Lardin Haut-Lomami, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Shi, da kuma kusa da Tafkin Kisale, an kewaye shi da Upemba Depression a cikin Upemba National Park. Garin da ya fi kusa shi ne [[Nyonga, Congo|Nyonga]], kuma asibitin da ya fi kusanci yana da sa'o'i hudu a [[Kikondja]]. Tsibirin da ke iyo a cikin tafkin, irin wannan [[Mitala Island|Tsibirin Mitala]], su ne kuma shafin yanar gizon 'yan gudun hijira na al'ada wanda ya haifar da fada tsakanin' yan tawayen Mai-Mai da sojojin gwamnati tun shekara ta 2006. == Manazarta == 9i21z0mb6v68ivq704e8qoy2l4qvydj 840840 840839 2026-05-28T05:27:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 840840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Upemba''' ([[Faransanci]]: ''Lac Upemba''; Yaren mutanen Holland: ''Upembameer'') tafki ne a Bukama, Lardin Haut-Lomami, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Shi, da kuma kusa da Tafkin Kisale, an kewaye shi da Upemba Depression a cikin Upemba National Park. Garin da ya fi kusa shi ne [[Nyonga, Congo|Nyonga]], kuma asibitin da ya fi kusanci yana da sa'o'i hudu a [[Kikondja]]. Tsibirin da ke iyo a cikin tafkin, irin wannan [[Mitala Island|Tsibirin Mitala]], su ne kuma shafin yanar gizon 'yan gudun hijira na al'ada wanda ya haifar da fada tsakanin' yan tawayen Mai-Mai da sojojin gwamnati tun shekara ta 2006. == Manazarta == qkqgt8i50udz838f41nan1yukkzmtjo 840842 840840 2026-05-28T05:28:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 840842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Upemba''' ([[Faransanci]]: ''Lac Upemba''; Yaren mutanen Holland: ''Upembameer'') tafki ne a Bukama, Lardin Haut-Lomami, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Shi, da kuma kusa da Tafkin Kisale, an kewaye shi da Upemba Depression a cikin Upemba National Park. Garin da ya fi kusa shi ne [[Nyonga, Congo|Nyonga]], kuma asibitin da ya fi kusanci yana da sa'o'i hudu a [[Kikondja]]. Tsibirin da ke iyo a cikin tafkin, irin wannan [[Mitala Island|Tsibirin Mitala]], su ne kuma shafin yanar gizon 'yan gudun hijira na al'ada wanda ya haifar da fada tsakanin' yan tawayen Mai-Mai da sojojin gwamnati tun shekara ta 2006. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hujja}} 357d2dnbhrga4lb0fpt5qczgsoms0nb 0 152456 840843 2026-05-28T05:28:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302897883|Lake Zimbambo]]" 840843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Zimbambo''' tafki ne a Yankin Malemba-Nkulu na lardin Haut-Lomami, a kudancin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna a cikin Upemba Depression, wani yanki mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2009 |title=Marshlands of the Upemba Depression, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133216/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |archive-date=2011-01-06 |access-date=2011-12-03 |website=Eosnap}}</ref> Kogin Lualaba ya shiga cikin bakin ciki kimanin kilomita 40 (25 bayan ya bar [[Tafkin Nzilo|Tafkin Delcommune]]. Rashin lafiya yana da nau'i mai kama da 400 kilomita (250 tsawo da 100 kilomita (62 fadi, yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ramin yana da kimanin mita 1,000 (3,300 sama da matakin teku a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacinsa, yana gangarowa sosai zuwa tsawo na mita 610 (2,000 , inda yake shimfiɗa kuma ya cika da tabkuna da marshes don nisan kilomita 225 (140 a cikin belin da ke da nisan kilomita 37 (23 a matsakaici. Kogin yawanci yana gudana ta cikin marshes tsakanin tabkuna, wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙananan tashoshi. == Manazarta == 3e29mtp0sz2ufr4rpaxo32nigtdn14j 840844 840843 2026-05-28T05:29:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 840844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Zimbambo''' tafki ne a Yankin Malemba-Nkulu na lardin Haut-Lomami, a kudancin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna a cikin Upemba Depression, wani yanki mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2009 |title=Marshlands of the Upemba Depression, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133216/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/upemba-depression/ |archive-date=2011-01-06 |access-date=2011-12-03 |website=Eosnap}}</ref> Kogin Lualaba ya shiga cikin bakin ciki kimanin kilomita 40 (25 bayan ya bar [[Tafkin Nzilo|Tafkin Delcommune]]. Rashin lafiya yana da nau'i mai kama da 400 kilomita (250 tsawo da 100 kilomita (62 fadi, yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ramin yana da kimanin mita 1,000 (3,300 sama da matakin teku a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacinsa, yana gangarowa sosai zuwa tsawo na mita 610 (2,000 , inda yake shimfiɗa kuma ya cika da tabkuna da marshes don nisan kilomita 225 (140 a cikin belin da ke da nisan kilomita 37 (23 a matsakaici. Kogin yawanci yana gudana ta cikin marshes tsakanin tabkuna, wanda aka haɗa shi da ƙananan tashoshi. == Manazarta == e6x4o5jb8aecscb9unpxchj5aya3fy2 0 152457 840845 2026-05-28T05:29:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304641539|2014 Lake Albert boat disaster]]" 840845 wikitext text/x-wiki A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2014, wani jirgin ruwa da ke tafiya a kan [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]] na Afirka ya rushe. A cewar 'yan sanda na yankin, an ceto mutane 45 da suka tsira. A hukumance, mutane 251 sun mutu a hadarin.<ref> "Uganda: 19 Die in Lake Albert Boat Accident". ABC News. AP. March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014</ref> == Hadari == Da farko a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2014, jiragen ruwa guda biyu da ke dauke da mutane daga Kyangwali Refugee Settlement sun bar bakin tekun Uganda na Lake Albert a kan hanyar zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). A kan hanya, daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa ya rushe. Fasinjojinsa suna dawowa gida bayan [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da sojojin Kongo sun sami manyan nasarori a kan Sojojin Dimokuradiyya da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na M23 a cikin 'yan watanni na baya-bayan nan. <ref name="SMH" /> Babu wata shaida cewa fasinjojin jirgin sun bar Uganda saboda yanayin da ke sansanin 'yan gudun hijira. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa hadarin ya faru ne saboda yawan jama'a, sanadin mutuwar jiragen ruwa a yankin saboda rashin bin ka'idojin tsaro. Jirgin da aka lissafa ya kai 80, amma kimanin mutane 300 suna cikin jirgin a lokacin hadarin. Rashin riguna na rayuwa da rashin iyawar yawancin fasinjoji su yi iyo ya ba da gudummawa ga yawan mutuwar. Bugu da ƙari, jirgin yana cikin mummunan yanayi na inji. == Yawan mutuwar da martani == Kokarin farko ya haifar da ceto mutane 45 da suka tsira da kuma dawo da gawawwakin 19 a ranar 22 ga watan Maris. An kai wadanda suka tsira zuwa Gundumar Bundibugyo ta Uganda, inda suka sami kulawa daga gwamnatin Uganda da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira. Ya zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Maris, an gano gawawwakin 109. Daga cikin wadanda, 88 an yarda da su don binnewa a DRC. Sauran an ƙi su ne saboda damuwa game da al'adu game da binne mutane sama da awanni 72 bayan mutuwar kuma an binne su a makabartar asibitin Bundibugyo. A ranar 27 ga watan Maris, an sake fasalin adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa 251. Yawancin matattu yara ne. Mai kula da jirgin ya tuna ya ƙidaya manya 96 a cikin jirgin, amma bai ƙidaya yara ba. 'Yan sanda sun ce sun yi imanin cewa kusan dukkanin fasinjoji an lissafa su. A cikin wata sanarwa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ta "tsoratar da bakin ciki" saboda bala'in. An ayyana kwanaki uku na makoki na kasa a DRC. Gwamnati ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya jana'izar kuma ta ba da tallafi ga matattu. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, DRC ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen dawo da kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 21,000 da ke zaune a Uganda. Wakilin DRC zuwa Uganda Jean Okoto Lolakombe ya ce "Yana bakin ciki cewa mun rasa mutanenmu, amma mun koyi darasi daga abin da ya faru. " <ref name="SMH" /> Akwai 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo 175,000 da ke zaune a Uganda tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014. == Manazarta == ta1z44k1l8wk9k0imtvv176abya7xo1 840846 840845 2026-05-28T05:29:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 840846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2014, wani jirgin ruwa da ke tafiya a kan [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]] na Afirka ya rushe. A cewar 'yan sanda na yankin, an ceto mutane 45 da suka tsira. A hukumance, mutane 251 sun mutu a hadarin.<ref> "Uganda: 19 Die in Lake Albert Boat Accident". ABC News. AP. March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014</ref> == Hadari == Da farko a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2014, jiragen ruwa guda biyu da ke dauke da mutane daga Kyangwali Refugee Settlement sun bar bakin tekun Uganda na Lake Albert a kan hanyar zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). A kan hanya, daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa ya rushe. Fasinjojinsa suna dawowa gida bayan [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da sojojin Kongo sun sami manyan nasarori a kan Sojojin Dimokuradiyya da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye na M23 a cikin 'yan watanni na baya-bayan nan. <ref name="SMH" /> Babu wata shaida cewa fasinjojin jirgin sun bar Uganda saboda yanayin da ke sansanin 'yan gudun hijira. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa hadarin ya faru ne saboda yawan jama'a, sanadin mutuwar jiragen ruwa a yankin saboda rashin bin ka'idojin tsaro. Jirgin da aka lissafa ya kai 80, amma kimanin mutane 300 suna cikin jirgin a lokacin hadarin. Rashin riguna na rayuwa da rashin iyawar yawancin fasinjoji su yi iyo ya ba da gudummawa ga yawan mutuwar. Bugu da ƙari, jirgin yana cikin mummunan yanayi na inji. == Yawan mutuwar da martani == Kokarin farko ya haifar da ceto mutane 45 da suka tsira da kuma dawo da gawawwakin 19 a ranar 22 ga watan Maris. An kai wadanda suka tsira zuwa Gundumar Bundibugyo ta Uganda, inda suka sami kulawa daga gwamnatin Uganda da Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira. Ya zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Maris, an gano gawawwakin 109. Daga cikin wadanda, 88 an yarda da su don binnewa a DRC. Sauran an ƙi su ne saboda damuwa game da al'adu game da binne mutane sama da awanni 72 bayan mutuwar kuma an binne su a makabartar asibitin Bundibugyo. A ranar 27 ga watan Maris, an sake fasalin adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa 251. Yawancin matattu yara ne. Mai kula da jirgin ya tuna ya ƙidaya manya 96 a cikin jirgin, amma bai ƙidaya yara ba. 'Yan sanda sun ce sun yi imanin cewa kusan dukkanin fasinjoji an lissafa su. A cikin wata sanarwa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce ta "tsoratar da bakin ciki" saboda bala'in. An ayyana kwanaki uku na makoki na kasa a DRC. Gwamnati ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya jana'izar kuma ta ba da tallafi ga matattu. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, DRC ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen dawo da kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 21,000 da ke zaune a Uganda. Wakilin DRC zuwa Uganda Jean Okoto Lolakombe ya ce "Yana bakin ciki cewa mun rasa mutanenmu, amma mun koyi darasi daga abin da ya faru. " <ref name="SMH" /> Akwai 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo 175,000 da ke zaune a Uganda tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014. == Manazarta == nx1fo1ugux34i4a4cecwqfeqswlgnko 0 152458 840847 2026-05-28T05:30:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339848586|Bugoma Forest]]" 840847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dajin Bugoma''' daji ne mai kariya a wurare masu zafi wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Hoima da arewa maso gabashin garuruwan Kyenjojo, da kuma gabashin [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]], a gundumar Hoima da ke yammacin [[Uganda]]. An gano shi a shekarar 1932 kuma ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ta Ƙasa a shekarar 2003. <ref name="reporting.unhcr.org">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Natural resources and shared environment |url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/node/16616 |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=UNCHR |language=en}}</ref> Amma an [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/FR-003.pdf faɗaɗa] shi a shekarar 1965, 1968 da 1998. <ref name="dm" /> <ref name=":0" /> An ba da faɗin samansa tsakanin {{Convert|41144|ha|km2}} <ref name="dm" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Women stage protest over Bugoma forest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> da {{Convert|65000|ha|km2}}.<ref name="bdz">{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Central Forest Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=24502 |access-date=6 December 2013 |website=Birdlife Data Zone |publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Ecotourism Site |url=https://www.nfa.go.ug/index.php/11-eco-tourism/99-bugoma-ecotourism-site |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.nfa.go.ug}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin belin manyan gandun daji masu ƙasƙanci tare da yammacin Uganda, waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa an haɗa su da juna da kuma gandun daji na Ituri a zamanin da suka gabata.<ref name="fao">{{Cite web |title=Uganda broadleaved forests |url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61326/en/uga/ |access-date=30 January 2014 |website=Closed forests |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)}}</ref> Yankin gandun daji yana tsakanin mita 500 da 1,650 a.s.l., <ref name="fao" /> kuma Bugoma yana tsakanin 990 da 1,300 m tsawo. <ref name="bdz">{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Central Forest Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=24502 |access-date=6 December 2013 |website=Birdlife Data Zone |publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref> Ruwan sama na yanki ya kasance daga 1 250 zuwa 1,625 mm.<ref name="fao" /> Yankunan noma da tsire-tsire masu sabuntawa suna gefen gandun daji, wanda ya haɗa da ciyawa na Elephant da ''Hyparrhenia''.&nbsp; Murfin bishiyoyin da ke cikin gandun daji yana nuna halin mamayewa ta musamman. Dajin da aka fara mamayewa ya ƙunshi gandun daji mai gauraye da ''Alstonia congensis'', ''[[Trichilia prieuriana]]'', ''Khaya anthotheca'', ''Celtis mildbraedii'', da ''Cynometra alexandri'' (Uganda ironwood), da sauransu. Dajin da ke tasowa daga baya ya dogara da tsayin. Daga mita 1,000 zuwa 1,200 ''Cynometra alexandri'' yana da rinjaye sosai. ''Lasiodiscus mildbraedii'' kuma wani lokacin ta ''Celtis'' spp. da ''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' wani lokacin suna mamaye ƙarƙashin bene. Manyan bishiyoyi banda ''Cynometra alexandri'' suna faruwa, kamar ''Khaya'' spp. da ''Entandrophragma'' spp. Faci na nau'ikan da ke mamaye gidaje (misali ''Maesopsis'' spp.) suna girma tare da nau'in rufin da ke rufewa a cikin tsarin mosaic a wurare da manyan bishiyoyi suka bari. Wani nau'in al'umma mai kama da kololuwa shine dajin ''Parinari'', wanda ya ƙunshi kusan tsattsarkan wurin zama na ''Parinari excelsa'', wanda ke da alaƙa da ''[[Carapa grandiflora]]'' a cikin bene na ƙasa. Sauran nau'ikan ƙasa na bene sune ''[[Craterispermum laurinum]]'', ''Trichilia prieuriana'' da ''Pleiocarpa pycnantha'' . <ref name="fao">{{Cite web |title=Uganda broadleaved forests |url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61326/en/uga/ |access-date=30 January 2014 |website=Closed forests |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)}}</ref> Sunan Bugoma yana nufin "'''''karamin drum'''''". Omukama Kabalega ya yi amfani da shi don horar da Abarusura (sojojin sarauta na Bunyoro) a cikin bishiyoyi a cikin mil na sarauta na Budongo wanda ya dasa kansa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi kamar mwitansowera, wanda aka fassara a matsayin "mai kisan kwari na gida (tsuntsaye) ", an yi imanin suna da ikon allahntaka kuma kowa ba ya taɓa su ko taɓa su ciki har da masu katako ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu yin gawayi kamar yadda aka yi imanin cewa suna girgiza duk wanda ya taɓa shi ciki har da kwari.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 "To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> Banyoro suna samun totems wanda ko dai dabbobi ne ko tsire-tsire masu gandun daji kamar Bugoma . <ref name=":3" /> == Dabbobi na daji == 23 nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, 225 nau'in tsuntsaye (wanda ya hada da Nahan's partridge, grey parrot da African crowned eagle), nau'in malam buɗe ido (kamar ''Anthene ituria'') da nau'in shuke-shuke 260 (kamar ''Afrothismia winkleri'', ''[[Brazzia longipedicellata]]'' da ''Dialium excelsum''), an san nau'in amphibians 20 da ke faruwa a cikin ajiyar .<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Women stage protest over Bugoma forest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 "Women stage protest over Bugoma forest"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> Dajin yana da adadi mai yawa na chimpanzees waɗanda suka fara fuskantar tsarin al'ada a watan Janairun 2016 . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Matsayin kiyayewa == An yi barazanar gandun daji ta hanyar katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, kone gawayi, farauta, hakar ma'adinai kuma ana tsoron cewa zai iya fadawa ga zama da noma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 "Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 "To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 "Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=2021-04-26 |title=Race on to restore Uganda's forests |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/race-on-to-restore-ugandas-forests/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Covid-19 outbreak escalated environmental degradation in Bunyoro - Activists |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/covid-19-outbreak-escalated-environmental-degradation-in-bunyoro-activists/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Executive order No3: Museveni bans charcoal trade, guides on the Balaalo |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/executive-order-no3-museveni-bans-charcoal-trade-guides-on-the-balaalo--4247340 |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin ya kara muni ta hanyar kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo, <ref name="dm" /> da kuma karuwar shayi, sukari, shinkafa da gonakin taba a gefen da ke keta iyakokin ajiya. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wambabya forest reserve encroachers told to vacate |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1009219 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Musasizi |first=Simon |last2=Kibego |first2=John |title=Raffia palm trees face extinction in Bunyoro |url=https://observer.ug/features-sp-2084439083/40563-raffia-palm-trees-face-extinction-in-bunyoro |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Observer |language=en-gb}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012 an kori wasu masu mamaye ƙasa 1,500, amma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 wasu daga cikinsu suna dawowa don fara noma da kuma yanka rami. A watan Agustan 2020, Nema ta ba da takardar shaidar ga Kamfanin Shukari na Hoima don juya 22 sq mil na gandun daji zuwa gonar sukari, cibiyar kasuwanci da sulhu ta birane da sauransu. Wannan yankin ƙasa yana da girma sosai tare da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da nau'in ciyawa da sauran nau'ikan yanayi / halittar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Uganda's forest cover under threat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/uganda-s-forest-cover-under-threat-3277176}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 "Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsi |first=Federica |title=Ugandan campaigners vow to keep on fighting for Bugoma Forest |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/7/9/ugandan-campaigners-vow-keep-on-fighting-for-bugoma-forest |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Conservationists want Bugoma Forest made national park |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/conservationists-want-bugoma-forest-made-national-park/ |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> fz3rqwi84f2gcyvkp73r6pt767xpwat 840848 840847 2026-05-28T05:31:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 840848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dajin Bugoma''' daji ne mai kariya a wurare masu zafi wanda ke kudu maso yammacin Hoima da arewa maso gabashin garuruwan Kyenjojo, da kuma gabashin [[Tafkin Albert (Africa)|Tafkin Albert]], a gundumar Hoima da ke yammacin [[Uganda]]. An gano shi a shekarar 1932 kuma ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ta Ƙasa a shekarar 2003. <ref name="reporting.unhcr.org">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Natural resources and shared environment |url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/node/16616 |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=UNCHR |language=en}}</ref> Amma an [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/FR-003.pdf faɗaɗa] shi a shekarar 1965, 1968 da 1998. <ref name="dm" /> <ref name=":0" /> An ba da faɗin samansa tsakanin {{Convert|41144|ha|km2}} <ref name="dm" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Women stage protest over Bugoma forest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> da {{Convert|65000|ha|km2}}.<ref name="bdz">{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Central Forest Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=24502 |access-date=6 December 2013 |website=Birdlife Data Zone |publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Ecotourism Site |url=https://www.nfa.go.ug/index.php/11-eco-tourism/99-bugoma-ecotourism-site |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.nfa.go.ug}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin belin manyan gandun daji masu ƙasƙanci tare da yammacin Uganda, waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa an haɗa su da juna da kuma gandun daji na Ituri a zamanin da suka gabata.<ref name="fao">{{Cite web |title=Uganda broadleaved forests |url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61326/en/uga/ |access-date=30 January 2014 |website=Closed forests |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)}}</ref> Yankin gandun daji yana tsakanin mita 500 da 1,650 a.s.l., <ref name="fao" /> kuma Bugoma yana tsakanin 990 da 1,300 m tsawo. <ref name="bdz">{{Cite web |title=Bugoma Central Forest Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=24502 |access-date=6 December 2013 |website=Birdlife Data Zone |publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref> Ruwan sama na yanki ya kasance daga 1 250 zuwa 1,625 mm.<ref name="fao" /> Yankunan noma da tsire-tsire masu sabuntawa suna gefen gandun daji, wanda ya haɗa da ciyawa na Elephant da ''Hyparrhenia''.&nbsp; Murfin bishiyoyin da ke cikin gandun daji yana nuna halin mamayewa ta musamman. Dajin da aka fara mamayewa ya ƙunshi gandun daji mai gauraye da ''Alstonia congensis'', ''[[Trichilia prieuriana]]'', ''Khaya anthotheca'', ''Celtis mildbraedii'', da ''Cynometra alexandri'' (Uganda ironwood), da sauransu. Dajin da ke tasowa daga baya ya dogara da tsayin. Daga mita 1,000 zuwa 1,200 ''Cynometra alexandri'' yana da rinjaye sosai. ''Lasiodiscus mildbraedii'' kuma wani lokacin ta ''Celtis'' spp. da ''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' wani lokacin suna mamaye ƙarƙashin bene. Manyan bishiyoyi banda ''Cynometra alexandri'' suna faruwa, kamar ''Khaya'' spp. da ''Entandrophragma'' spp. Faci na nau'ikan da ke mamaye gidaje (misali ''Maesopsis'' spp.) suna girma tare da nau'in rufin da ke rufewa a cikin tsarin mosaic a wurare da manyan bishiyoyi suka bari. Wani nau'in al'umma mai kama da kololuwa shine dajin ''Parinari'', wanda ya ƙunshi kusan tsattsarkan wurin zama na ''Parinari excelsa'', wanda ke da alaƙa da ''[[Carapa grandiflora]]'' a cikin bene na ƙasa. Sauran nau'ikan ƙasa na bene sune ''[[Craterispermum laurinum]]'', ''Trichilia prieuriana'' da ''Pleiocarpa pycnantha'' . <ref name="fao">{{Cite web |title=Uganda broadleaved forests |url=http://www.fao.org/forestry/country/61326/en/uga/ |access-date=30 January 2014 |website=Closed forests |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)}}</ref> Sunan Bugoma yana nufin "'''''karamin drum'''''". Omukama Kabalega ya yi amfani da shi don horar da Abarusura (sojojin sarauta na Bunyoro) a cikin bishiyoyi a cikin mil na sarauta na Budongo wanda ya dasa kansa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan bishiyoyi kamar mwitansowera, wanda aka fassara a matsayin "mai kisan kwari na gida (tsuntsaye) ", an yi imanin suna da ikon allahntaka kuma kowa ba ya taɓa su ko taɓa su ciki har da masu katako ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu yin gawayi kamar yadda aka yi imanin cewa suna girgiza duk wanda ya taɓa shi ciki har da kwari.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 "To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> Banyoro suna samun totems wanda ko dai dabbobi ne ko tsire-tsire masu gandun daji kamar Bugoma . <ref name=":3" /> == Dabbobi na daji == 23 nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, 225 nau'in tsuntsaye (wanda ya hada da Nahan's partridge, grey parrot da African crowned eagle), nau'in malam buɗe ido (kamar ''Anthene ituria'') da nau'in shuke-shuke 260 (kamar ''Afrothismia winkleri'', ''[[Brazzia longipedicellata]]'' da ''Dialium excelsum''), an san nau'in amphibians 20 da ke faruwa a cikin ajiyar .<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Women stage protest over Bugoma forest |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/85204 "Women stage protest over Bugoma forest"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> Dajin yana da adadi mai yawa na chimpanzees waɗanda suka fara fuskantar tsarin al'ada a watan Janairun 2016 . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Matsayin kiyayewa == An yi barazanar gandun daji ta hanyar katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, kone gawayi, farauta, hakar ma'adinai kuma ana tsoron cewa zai iya fadawa ga zama da noma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 "Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1528284 "To kill Bugoma Forest is to bury Lake Albert"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/forests-in-danger-bunyoro-forests-being-eaten-away-by-encroachers-1499422 "Forests in Danger: Bunyoro forests being eaten away by encroachers"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=2021-04-26 |title=Race on to restore Uganda's forests |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/race-on-to-restore-ugandas-forests/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Covid-19 outbreak escalated environmental degradation in Bunyoro - Activists |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/covid-19-outbreak-escalated-environmental-degradation-in-bunyoro-activists/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Executive order No3: Museveni bans charcoal trade, guides on the Balaalo |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/executive-order-no3-museveni-bans-charcoal-trade-guides-on-the-balaalo--4247340 |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin ya kara muni ta hanyar kwararar 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo, <ref name="dm" /> da kuma karuwar shayi, sukari, shinkafa da gonakin taba a gefen da ke keta iyakokin ajiya. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wambabya forest reserve encroachers told to vacate |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1009219 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Musasizi |first=Simon |last2=Kibego |first2=John |title=Raffia palm trees face extinction in Bunyoro |url=https://observer.ug/features-sp-2084439083/40563-raffia-palm-trees-face-extinction-in-bunyoro |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Observer |language=en-gb}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012 an kori wasu masu mamaye ƙasa 1,500, amma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 wasu daga cikinsu suna dawowa don fara noma da kuma yanka rami. A watan Agustan 2020, Nema ta ba da takardar shaidar ga Kamfanin Shukari na Hoima don juya 22 sq mil na gandun daji zuwa gonar sukari, cibiyar kasuwanci da sulhu ta birane da sauransu. Wannan yankin ƙasa yana da girma sosai tare da nau'ikan bishiyoyi da nau'in ciyawa da sauran nau'ikan yanayi / halittar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Uganda's forest cover under threat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/uganda-s-forest-cover-under-threat-3277176}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/101197 "Bitter-sweet exchange: forest cleared for sugarcane - Part 2"]. ''New Vision''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsi |first=Federica |title=Ugandan campaigners vow to keep on fighting for Bugoma Forest |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/7/9/ugandan-campaigners-vow-keep-on-fighting-for-bugoma-forest |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-21 |title=Conservationists want Bugoma Forest made national park |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/conservationists-want-bugoma-forest-made-national-park/ |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8hxle3jc7vf0ck1cuoqfab2qsa0x0jo 0 152459 840849 2026-05-28T05:32:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1085024974|List of rivers of Zimbabwe]]" 840849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Rivers_of_Zimbabwe.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Manyan koguna na Zimbabwe tare da yankunansu]] Wannan jerin koguna ne a Zimbabwe. Wannan jerin an shirya shi ta hanyar kwandon ruwa, tare da masu ba da gudummawa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowane babban rafi. == [[Kogi|Koguna]] == * [[Kogin Zambezi]] ** Kogin Luenha Kogin Mazowe (River Mazoe) Kogin Ruya (River Luia) Kogin Gairezi (River Cauresi) *** [[Kogin Mazowe]] (River Mazoe) **** [[Ruya River|Kogin Ruya]] (River Luia) *** Kogin Gairezi (River Cauresi) ** [[Messenguézi River|Kogin Messenguézi]] (River Umsengedsi) *** [[Mecumbura River|Kogin Mecumbura]] (River Mkumvura) *** [[Kadzi River|Kogin Kadzi]] ** [[Kogin Manyame]] (River Panhame) (River Hunyani) *** [[Angwa River|Kogin Angwa]] ** Kogin Sanyati (River Umniati) Kogin Munyati Kogin Umsweswe Kogin Sebakwe Kogin Kwekwe Kogin Ngezi Kogin Mupfure (RiverUmfuli) *** Kogin Munyati **** [[Umsweswe River|Kogin Umsweswe]] **** Kogin Sebakwe ***** [[Kogin Kwe Kwe|Kogin Kwekwe]] **** Kogin Ngezi *** Kogin Mupfure (River Umfuli) ** [[Bumi River (Zimbabwe)|Kogin Bumi]] ** [[Kogin Sengwa]] ** [[Sengwe River|Kogin Sengwe]] ** [[Masumu River|Kogin Masumu]] ** [[Sebungwe River|Kogin Sebungwe]] ** [[Kogin Gwayi]] *** [[Kogin Shangani]] **** Kogin Gweru **** [[Vungu River|Kogin Vungu]] *** [[Mbembesi River|Kogin Mbembesi]] *** [[Umguza River|Kogin Umguza]] ** [[Deka River|Kogin Deka]] ** [[Matetsi River|Kogin Matetsi]] * Kogin Pungwe ** Kogin Ruwa * [[Rio Buzi|Kogin Buzi]] ** [[Lucite River|Kogin Lucite]] * Save River (Sabi River) Runde River (Lundi River) Chiredzi River Mutirikwe River (Mtilikwe River) Mucheke River Pokoteke River Tokwe River Tokwane River Musavezi River Ngezi River (Ingezi River) Turwi River Devure River Nyazvidzi River Nyaz Remuk River Odzi River Macheke River ** [[Kogin Runde]] (River Lundi) Kogin Chiredzi Kogin Mutirikwe (River Mtilikwe) Kogin Mucheke Kogin Pokoteke Kogin Tokwe Kogin Musavezi Kogin Ngezi (River Ingezi) *** [[Kogin Chiredzi]] *** [[Kogin Mutirikwe]] (Mtilikwe River) Kogin Mucheke Kogin Pokoteke **** [[Kogin Mucheke]] **** [[Pokoteke River|Kogin Pokoteke]] *** [[Kogin Tokwe]] **** [[Kogin Tokwane]] *** [[Musavezi River|Kogin Musavezi]] *** [[Kogin Ngezi (Masvingo)|Kogin Ngezi]] (River Ingezi) ** [[Turwi River|Kogin Turwi]] ** [[Devure River|Kogin Devure]] *** [[Nyazvidzi River|Kogin Nyazvidzi]] ** [[Nyazwidzi River|Kogin Nyaz Reem]] ** [[Kogin Odzi]] ** [[Macheke River|Kogin Macheke]] * [[Kogin Limpopo]] ** Kogin Changane ** Kogin Mwenezi (River Manisi) *** Kogin Mushawe ** Kogin Bubye (River Bubi) ** Kogin Mzingwane (River Umzingwani) Kogin Mtetengwe Kogin Tongwe Kogin Umchabezi Kogin Insiza Kogin Siwaze Kogin Inkankezi Kogin Inyankuni Kogin Ncema *** [[Kogin Mtetengwe]] **** [[Tongwe River|Kogin Tongwe]] *** [[Kogin Umchabezi]] *** Kogin Insiza **** Kogin Siwaze **** Kogin Inkankezi *** Kogin Inyankuni *** [[Kogin Ncema]] ** Kogin Shashe (River Shashi) Kogin Thuli (River Tuli) Kogin Mwewe Kogin Mtshabezi Kogin Mtshelele Kogin Shashani Kogin Mkolokwe Kogin Sansukwe Kogin Ramokgwebana Kogin Ingwizi *** Kogin Thuli (River Tuli) Kogin Mwewe Kogin Mtshabezi Kogin Mtshelele **** [[Kogin Mwewe]] **** [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Kogin Mtshabezi]] **** [[Kogin Mtshelele]] *** [[Shashani River|Kogin Shashani]] *** [[Mkolokwe River|Kogin Mkolokwe]] *** [[Sansukwe River|Kogin Sansukwe]] *** Kogin Ramokgwebana **** [[Ingwizi River|Kogin Ingwizi]] == [[Makgadikgadi Pan]] == * [[Kogin Nata]] == Manchester == * Prentice-Hall, Inc., American World Atlas 1985 * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/zimbabwe_pol_2002.jpg Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka ta 2002] * [http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Sunayen Sabon] qkvk7w8p54yq65bhjow6dln496a1zwr 840850 840849 2026-05-28T05:32:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 840850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Rivers_of_Zimbabwe.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Manyan koguna na Zimbabwe tare da yankunansu]] Wannan jerin koguna ne a Zimbabwe. Wannan jerin an shirya shi ta hanyar kwandon ruwa, tare da masu ba da gudummawa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowane babban rafi. == [[Kogi|Koguna]] == * [[Kogin Zambezi]] ** Kogin Luenha Kogin Mazowe (River Mazoe) Kogin Ruya (River Luia) Kogin Gairezi (River Cauresi) *** [[Kogin Mazowe]] (River Mazoe) **** [[Ruya River|Kogin Ruya]] (River Luia) *** Kogin Gairezi (River Cauresi) ** [[Messenguézi River|Kogin Messenguézi]] (River Umsengedsi) *** [[Mecumbura River|Kogin Mecumbura]] (River Mkumvura) *** [[Kadzi River|Kogin Kadzi]] ** [[Kogin Manyame]] (River Panhame) (River Hunyani) *** [[Angwa River|Kogin Angwa]] ** Kogin Sanyati (River Umniati) Kogin Munyati Kogin Umsweswe Kogin Sebakwe Kogin Kwekwe Kogin Ngezi Kogin Mupfure (RiverUmfuli) *** Kogin Munyati **** [[Umsweswe River|Kogin Umsweswe]] **** Kogin Sebakwe ***** [[Kogin Kwe Kwe|Kogin Kwekwe]] **** Kogin Ngezi *** Kogin Mupfure (River Umfuli) ** [[Bumi River (Zimbabwe)|Kogin Bumi]] ** [[Kogin Sengwa]] ** [[Sengwe River|Kogin Sengwe]] ** [[Masumu River|Kogin Masumu]] ** [[Sebungwe River|Kogin Sebungwe]] ** [[Kogin Gwayi]] *** [[Kogin Shangani]] **** Kogin Gweru **** [[Vungu River|Kogin Vungu]] *** [[Mbembesi River|Kogin Mbembesi]] *** [[Umguza River|Kogin Umguza]] ** [[Deka River|Kogin Deka]] ** [[Matetsi River|Kogin Matetsi]] * Kogin Pungwe ** Kogin Ruwa * [[Rio Buzi|Kogin Buzi]] ** [[Lucite River|Kogin Lucite]] * Save River (Sabi River) Runde River (Lundi River) Chiredzi River Mutirikwe River (Mtilikwe River) Mucheke River Pokoteke River Tokwe River Tokwane River Musavezi River Ngezi River (Ingezi River) Turwi River Devure River Nyazvidzi River Nyaz Remuk River Odzi River Macheke River ** [[Kogin Runde]] (River Lundi) Kogin Chiredzi Kogin Mutirikwe (River Mtilikwe) Kogin Mucheke Kogin Pokoteke Kogin Tokwe Kogin Musavezi Kogin Ngezi (River Ingezi) *** [[Kogin Chiredzi]] *** [[Kogin Mutirikwe]] (Mtilikwe River) Kogin Mucheke Kogin Pokoteke **** [[Kogin Mucheke]] **** [[Pokoteke River|Kogin Pokoteke]] *** [[Kogin Tokwe]] **** [[Kogin Tokwane]] *** [[Musavezi River|Kogin Musavezi]] *** [[Kogin Ngezi (Masvingo)|Kogin Ngezi]] (River Ingezi) ** [[Turwi River|Kogin Turwi]] ** [[Devure River|Kogin Devure]] *** [[Nyazvidzi River|Kogin Nyazvidzi]] ** [[Nyazwidzi River|Kogin Nyaz Reem]] ** [[Kogin Odzi]] ** [[Macheke River|Kogin Macheke]] * [[Kogin Limpopo]] ** Kogin Changane ** Kogin Mwenezi (River Manisi) *** Kogin Mushawe ** Kogin Bubye (River Bubi) ** Kogin Mzingwane (River Umzingwani) Kogin Mtetengwe Kogin Tongwe Kogin Umchabezi Kogin Insiza Kogin Siwaze Kogin Inkankezi Kogin Inyankuni Kogin Ncema *** [[Kogin Mtetengwe]] **** [[Tongwe River|Kogin Tongwe]] *** [[Kogin Umchabezi]] *** Kogin Insiza **** Kogin Siwaze **** Kogin Inkankezi *** Kogin Inyankuni *** [[Kogin Ncema]] ** Kogin Shashe (River Shashi) Kogin Thuli (River Tuli) Kogin Mwewe Kogin Mtshabezi Kogin Mtshelele Kogin Shashani Kogin Mkolokwe Kogin Sansukwe Kogin Ramokgwebana Kogin Ingwizi *** Kogin Thuli (River Tuli) Kogin Mwewe Kogin Mtshabezi Kogin Mtshelele **** [[Kogin Mwewe]] **** [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Kogin Mtshabezi]] **** [[Kogin Mtshelele]] *** [[Shashani River|Kogin Shashani]] *** [[Mkolokwe River|Kogin Mkolokwe]] *** [[Sansukwe River|Kogin Sansukwe]] *** Kogin Ramokgwebana **** [[Ingwizi River|Kogin Ingwizi]] == [[Makgadikgadi Pan]] == * [[Kogin Nata]] == Manchester == * Prentice-Hall, Inc., American World Atlas 1985 * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/zimbabwe_pol_2002.jpg Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka ta 2002] * [http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Sunayen Sabon] qq28kyem5y8i4ad2xuve9nqjqzbuk88 0 152460 840851 2026-05-28T05:33:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342983533|Bubye River]]" 840851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Bubye''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin Bubi''', wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]] a cikin Gundumar Beitbridge da Gundumar Gwanda, [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi kusan kilomita 40 (25 zuwa arewa maso gabashin West Nicholson a Matabeleland South, daga inda yake gudana kudu maso gabas kafin ya shiga Limpopo kilomita 25 (16 yammacin iyakar da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Hanyar ta zama wani ɓangare na iyaka tsakanin gundumomin Mberengwa da Mwenezi. Tigerfish yana faruwa ne a cikin wannan kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Fishing: Kariba’s greatest fame |url=http://www.herald.co.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25507%3Atiger-fishing-karibas-greatest-fame&catid=57%3Aisdore&Itemid=159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143633/https://www.herald.co.zw/?option=com_content&view=article&id=25507%3Atiger-fishing-karibas-greatest-fame&catid=57%3Aisdore&Itemid=159 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> == Dams == Babu manyan madatsun ruwa a kan kogi <ref> {{Cite book|last1=amp}}</ref> har sai an gina madatsar ruwan Bubi-Lupane a cikin 2010 don samar da ruwa ga Gundumar Lupane. == Manazarta == kwxkvx757ah6yjovnu7lt9cqp18k2c1 840852 840851 2026-05-28T05:33:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 840852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Bubye''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin Bubi''', wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]] a cikin Gundumar Beitbridge da Gundumar Gwanda, [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi kusan kilomita 40 (25 zuwa arewa maso gabashin West Nicholson a Matabeleland South, daga inda yake gudana kudu maso gabas kafin ya shiga Limpopo kilomita 25 (16 yammacin iyakar da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Hanyar ta zama wani ɓangare na iyaka tsakanin gundumomin Mberengwa da Mwenezi. Tigerfish yana faruwa ne a cikin wannan kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger Fishing: Kariba’s greatest fame |url=http://www.herald.co.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25507%3Atiger-fishing-karibas-greatest-fame&catid=57%3Aisdore&Itemid=159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521143633/https://www.herald.co.zw/?option=com_content&view=article&id=25507%3Atiger-fishing-karibas-greatest-fame&catid=57%3Aisdore&Itemid=159 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=18 March 2012}}</ref> == Dams == Babu manyan madatsun ruwa a kan kogi <ref> {{Cite book|last1=amp}}</ref> har sai an gina madatsar ruwan Bubi-Lupane a cikin 2010 don samar da ruwa ga Gundumar Lupane. == Manazarta == i8bigt8cgpv3e0iwuere6bpsiucnafb 0 152461 840853 2026-05-28T05:33:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322616598|Gairezi River]]" 840853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Luenha_Mazowe_OSM.png|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Gairezi a cikin kogin Luenha (ƙasa dama) ]] == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == '''Kogin Gairezi''' ya fara ne a kan gangaren dutse mafi girma na [[Zimbabwe]], Dutsen Nyangani mai mita 2,592 (8,504 , kuma yana gabashin Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanga Rural District Council |url=http://www.nyangardc.org/tourism.php |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=nyangardc.org}}</ref> Yayin da yake juyawa zuwa arewa daga Gabashin Gabas, kuma fiye da kilomita 60 (37 , daga baya ya zama iyaka tsakanin Zimbabwe da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] kafin ya shiga Kogin [[Kogin Mazowe|Mazowe]] da [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] - da kuma Kogin Luenha, mai ba da gudummawa ga Zambezi: a kusan kilomita 160 (99 sama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title=The Gairezi River area, Nyanga |url=https://patchzimbabwe.wordpress.com/articles/homes-magazine/the-gairezi-river-area-nyanga/ |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=Patch's personal Blog |language=en}}</ref> Gaizeri yana gudana ta Nyanga, wani gari a Lardin Manicaland na Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == 77vc4s7nd500r3lv2rs1w54vbky64nx 840854 840853 2026-05-28T05:34:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 840854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Luenha_Mazowe_OSM.png|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Gairezi a cikin kogin Luenha (ƙasa dama) ]] == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == '''Kogin Gairezi''' ya fara ne a kan gangaren dutse mafi girma na [[Zimbabwe]], Dutsen Nyangani mai mita 2,592 (8,504 , kuma yana gabashin Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanga Rural District Council |url=http://www.nyangardc.org/tourism.php |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=nyangardc.org}}</ref> Yayin da yake juyawa zuwa arewa daga Gabashin Gabas, kuma fiye da kilomita 60 (37 , daga baya ya zama iyaka tsakanin Zimbabwe da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] kafin ya shiga Kogin [[Kogin Mazowe|Mazowe]] da [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] - da kuma Kogin Luenha, mai ba da gudummawa ga Zambezi: a kusan kilomita 160 (99 sama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title=The Gairezi River area, Nyanga |url=https://patchzimbabwe.wordpress.com/articles/homes-magazine/the-gairezi-river-area-nyanga/ |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=Patch's personal Blog |language=en}}</ref> Gaizeri yana gudana ta Nyanga, wani gari a Lardin Manicaland na Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == 4cmopph6w5s7jh0dsqvgftlzx8ol9by 0 152462 840855 2026-05-28T05:35:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1244083500|Honde River]]" 840855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Pungwe_Basin_OSM.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Pungwe tare da Honde (tsakiya hagu) ]] Kogin Honde wanda ake kira Horn-de wani kogi ne a Gabashin Gabashin [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ke gudana ta hanyar Honde Valley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority |url=http://www.zimparks.com/html/nyanga.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104121154/http://www.zimparks.com/html/nyanga.html |archive-date=January 4, 2010}}</ref> Yana gudana daga Dutsen Inyangani a gefen yammacin kwarin Honde inda yawancin manyan masu goyon bayansa suka haɗu da shi: kogin Mupenga, Buu, Mtarazi da Ngarura. Yana ajiye ruwansa a cikin Kogin Pungwe, wanda ya riga ya kasance a Mozambique, wanda hakan ya kwarara a cikin Tekun Indiya. Mtarazi Falls, mafi girma a Zimbabwe a mita 762 (2,500 yana gudana cikin Honde a kudancin Pungwe Gorge a kwarin Honde a waje da Nyanga National Park. Sassan Honde a kudancin Nyanga suna tallafawa ciyayi masu kyau, mafi kusa da Zimbabwe zuwa Jungle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Airways - Information Page |url=http://www.britishairways.com/travel/131153-eventdetail/public/en_gb?eventID=31655 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.britishairways.com}}</ref> Ƙarin kudu, Honde yana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa na al'umma a cikin wani wuri mai bushe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Zimbabwe Situation |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/old/aug20a_2005.html |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.zimbabwesituation.com}}</ref> Yankin kilomita 500 (190 sq na kwarin Honde a Zimbabwe ana noma su sosai, sau da yawa tare da tashoshin ban ruwa masu nauyi. Ana amfani da yawa daga ƙananan ƙananan ruwa da ke shiga cikin kogi a wannan ɓangaren Honde Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sign in |url=https://websignon.warwick.ac.uk/origin/slogin?shire=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Fsitebuilder2%2Fshire-read&providerId=urn%3Awarwick.ac.uk%3Asitebuilder2%3Aread%3Aservice&target=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Fsci%2Feng%2Fresearch%2Fcivil%2Fcrg%2Fdtu-old%2Fpubs%2Fwp%2Fwp32%2Fwp32.pdf&status=notloggedin |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=websignon.warwick.ac.uk}}</ref> Kogin Honde ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]-Zimbabwe kafin ya gudana cikin kogin Pungwe wanda a ƙarshe ya zubo cikin Tekun Indiya a [[Beira]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=1988 Flood Archive |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/1988sum.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013164339/https://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/1988sum.htm |archive-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> == Manazarta == 43lngmi7jny1wt7ge549qltk7qgfnmb 840856 840855 2026-05-28T05:35:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 840856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Pungwe_Basin_OSM.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Pungwe tare da Honde (tsakiya hagu) ]] Kogin Honde wanda ake kira Horn-de wani kogi ne a Gabashin Gabashin [[Zimbabwe]] wanda ke gudana ta hanyar Honde Valley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority |url=http://www.zimparks.com/html/nyanga.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104121154/http://www.zimparks.com/html/nyanga.html |archive-date=January 4, 2010}}</ref> Yana gudana daga Dutsen Inyangani a gefen yammacin kwarin Honde inda yawancin manyan masu goyon bayansa suka haɗu da shi: kogin Mupenga, Buu, Mtarazi da Ngarura. Yana ajiye ruwansa a cikin Kogin Pungwe, wanda ya riga ya kasance a Mozambique, wanda hakan ya kwarara a cikin Tekun Indiya. Mtarazi Falls, mafi girma a Zimbabwe a mita 762 (2,500 yana gudana cikin Honde a kudancin Pungwe Gorge a kwarin Honde a waje da Nyanga National Park. Sassan Honde a kudancin Nyanga suna tallafawa ciyayi masu kyau, mafi kusa da Zimbabwe zuwa Jungle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Airways - Information Page |url=http://www.britishairways.com/travel/131153-eventdetail/public/en_gb?eventID=31655 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.britishairways.com}}</ref> Ƙarin kudu, Honde yana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa na al'umma a cikin wani wuri mai bushe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Zimbabwe Situation |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/old/aug20a_2005.html |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.zimbabwesituation.com}}</ref> Yankin kilomita 500 (190 sq na kwarin Honde a Zimbabwe ana noma su sosai, sau da yawa tare da tashoshin ban ruwa masu nauyi. Ana amfani da yawa daga ƙananan ƙananan ruwa da ke shiga cikin kogi a wannan ɓangaren Honde Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sign in |url=https://websignon.warwick.ac.uk/origin/slogin?shire=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Fsitebuilder2%2Fshire-read&providerId=urn%3Awarwick.ac.uk%3Asitebuilder2%3Aread%3Aservice&target=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Fsci%2Feng%2Fresearch%2Fcivil%2Fcrg%2Fdtu-old%2Fpubs%2Fwp%2Fwp32%2Fwp32.pdf&status=notloggedin |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=websignon.warwick.ac.uk}}</ref> Kogin Honde ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]-Zimbabwe kafin ya gudana cikin kogin Pungwe wanda a ƙarshe ya zubo cikin Tekun Indiya a [[Beira]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=1988 Flood Archive |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/1988sum.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013164339/https://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/1988sum.htm |archive-date=October 13, 2012}}</ref> == Manazarta == rx6e0ads0w1u5bk1e562o1dzc0y0c76 0 152463 840857 2026-05-28T05:36:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304684825|Ikwelo River]]" 840857 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gwayi_Basin_OSM.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Gweru a cikin kogin Gwayi (dama) ]] '''Kogin Gweru''' (wanda aka sani da '''Kogin Gwelo''' har zuwa 1982) wani kogi ne a lardin Midlands na [[Zimbabwe]]. == Tarihi == Sunan Gweru wani karkatarwa ne na sunan Gwelo wanda ya kasance karkatarwa na sunan '''Ikwelo''' ma'ana wuri mai tsawo sosai inda mutum zai yi amfani da tsani sama ko ƙasa. Shi da kansa karkatarwa ne na asalin sunan Kalanga na Gwelu taƙaice na Gwelumatjena ma'ana kogin fararen duwatsu. Labaran sun ce lokacin da mutanen Ndebele suka fara zama a yankin, matansu sun sami wahalar fitar da ruwa daga kogi saboda raƙuman bakin teku masu tsayi. An kira kogin 'Ikwelo' saboda mafi yawan wannan kogi mai nisan kilomita 100 (kilomita 160) yana da raƙuman ruwa masu laushi har zuwa bakin [[Kogin Shangani]]. Mata sun yi amfani da ''ukwelo'' (dutse) don taimaka musu su sami ruwa daga kogi. An sanya sunan Gweru City daga Kogin Ikwelo . Mazauna Turai da aka furta a matsayin ''I''Gwelo'''' an taƙaita shi zuwa Gwelo kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai Zimbabwe sun shona shi zuwa Gweru, saboda haka Kogin Gweru . == Ayyuka == Kogin Gweru yana da Tsarin Ruwa na Mabangeni na hekta 100 a Lower Gweru da Tsarin Ruwancin Ruwa na Hactare 165 a Zhombe wanda aka bayar daga madatsar ruwa ta Insukamini da madatsar ruwan Exchange Block bi da bi. Tsarin ban ruwa na Mabangeni yana jawo ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Insukamini ta hanyar karɓar ruwa a Kogin Gweru. == Rashin ruwa da gurɓata == Rashin ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi ya gurɓata Kogin Gweru tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Midlands Correspondent |date=3 March 2015 |title=Gweru admits to environment pollution |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-20942-Gweru+admits+to+environment+pollution/news.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708120127/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-20942-Gweru%20admits%20to%20environment%20pollution/news.aspx |archive-date=8 July 2015 |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=newzimbabwe.com |quote=GWERU City Council is discharging partially treated effluent into the environment owing to the repeated breakdown of the two sewage treatment plants, a senior official has revealed. Acting director for engineering services Praymore Mhlanga said lack of resources to repair the treatment plants has seen the local authority being taken to court by the Environmental Management Agency (EMA) and at times fined. Over the years, the council has been slammed for discharging raw sewage into Gweru River posing a health hazard to humans, animals and plants.}}</ref> amma Hukumar Kula da Muhalli (EMA) tana daukar matakai don amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin wannan da sauran koguna a duk faɗin ƙasar. A wani yunkuri na yaki da gurɓataccen ruwa a Kogin Gweru wani dalibi na Jami'ar Jihar Midlalands ya ba da shawarar wayar da kan jama'a ta ɗaliban makarantar sakandare game da gurɓatar Kogin G waje da yaduwa. Kungiyoyi da makarantu da yawa sun karɓi kamfen ɗin a Gweru, babban tafkin gurɓataccen ruwa na Kogin Gweru. == Haraji == Waɗannan su ne sunayen asali waɗanda suka danganci Taswirar da gwamnatin [[Rhodesia|Rhodesia, yanzu Zimbabwe]] ta samar. * Kogin Kenyana (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Ngamo (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Matega (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Chakawa (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Mandingo (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Kalulani (Lower Gweru_ daga madatsar ruwan Shagari) * Kogin Batitswa (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Bembe (Lower Gweru_ daga madatsar ruwan Museyamwa) * Kogin Ingwenya (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Ntabemhlope (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Damba (Silobela_ daga madatsar ruwan Damba) * Kogin Zvung (Silobela) * Kogin Semkulu (_ daga madatsar ruwan Totololo) * Kogin bazara (Yankin Sayen Silobela) * Kogin Mavhunats da kuma Kogin (Silobela) * Kogin Ndhlamatuli (Silobela) * Kogin Marirangwe (Zhombe) * Kogin Gwembezi (Silobela) * Kogin Sangeni (Silobela) * Kogin Sehnga * Kogin Umhlafuto (Silobela) * Kogin Donsa * Kogin Nyauswe (Zhombe) * Kogin Semizi (Zhombe) * Kogin Mangwizi (Zhombe) * Kogin Setshanke (Nkai) * Kogin Gwelutshena (Nkayi_ daga madatsar ruwan Gwelutshina) * Kogin Ngenungenu (Nkayi) na ƙarshe kafin ya haɗu da [[Kogin Shangani]] . * Kogin Tohwe (Nkayi) == Dubi kuma == * [[Kogin Shangani]] * Gweru * Shirin Musayar Ruwa * [[Mabangeni Irrigation Scheme|Shirin Ruwa na Mabangeni]] * [[Insukamini Irrigation Scheme|Shirin Ruwa na Insukamini]] * Jerin koguna na Zimbabwe == Manazarta == 2rati70mvgjv0gjvzoy23vk425gaexo 840858 840857 2026-05-28T05:36:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 840858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Gwayi_Basin_OSM.svg|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Gweru a cikin kogin Gwayi (dama) ]] '''Kogin Gweru''' (wanda aka sani da '''Kogin Gwelo''' har zuwa 1982) wani kogi ne a lardin Midlands na [[Zimbabwe]]. == Tarihi == Sunan Gweru wani karkatarwa ne na sunan Gwelo wanda ya kasance karkatarwa na sunan '''Ikwelo''' ma'ana wuri mai tsawo sosai inda mutum zai yi amfani da tsani sama ko ƙasa. Shi da kansa karkatarwa ne na asalin sunan Kalanga na Gwelu taƙaice na Gwelumatjena ma'ana kogin fararen duwatsu. Labaran sun ce lokacin da mutanen Ndebele suka fara zama a yankin, matansu sun sami wahalar fitar da ruwa daga kogi saboda raƙuman bakin teku masu tsayi. An kira kogin 'Ikwelo' saboda mafi yawan wannan kogi mai nisan kilomita 100 (kilomita 160) yana da raƙuman ruwa masu laushi har zuwa bakin [[Kogin Shangani]]. Mata sun yi amfani da ''ukwelo'' (dutse) don taimaka musu su sami ruwa daga kogi. An sanya sunan Gweru City daga Kogin Ikwelo . Mazauna Turai da aka furta a matsayin ''I''Gwelo'''' an taƙaita shi zuwa Gwelo kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai Zimbabwe sun shona shi zuwa Gweru, saboda haka Kogin Gweru . == Ayyuka == Kogin Gweru yana da Tsarin Ruwa na Mabangeni na hekta 100 a Lower Gweru da Tsarin Ruwancin Ruwa na Hactare 165 a Zhombe wanda aka bayar daga madatsar ruwa ta Insukamini da madatsar ruwan Exchange Block bi da bi. Tsarin ban ruwa na Mabangeni yana jawo ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Insukamini ta hanyar karɓar ruwa a Kogin Gweru. == Rashin ruwa da gurɓata == Rashin ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi ya gurɓata Kogin Gweru tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Midlands Correspondent |date=3 March 2015 |title=Gweru admits to environment pollution |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-20942-Gweru+admits+to+environment+pollution/news.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708120127/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-20942-Gweru%20admits%20to%20environment%20pollution/news.aspx |archive-date=8 July 2015 |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=newzimbabwe.com |quote=GWERU City Council is discharging partially treated effluent into the environment owing to the repeated breakdown of the two sewage treatment plants, a senior official has revealed. Acting director for engineering services Praymore Mhlanga said lack of resources to repair the treatment plants has seen the local authority being taken to court by the Environmental Management Agency (EMA) and at times fined. Over the years, the council has been slammed for discharging raw sewage into Gweru River posing a health hazard to humans, animals and plants.}}</ref> amma Hukumar Kula da Muhalli (EMA) tana daukar matakai don amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin wannan da sauran koguna a duk faɗin ƙasar. A wani yunkuri na yaki da gurɓataccen ruwa a Kogin Gweru wani dalibi na Jami'ar Jihar Midlalands ya ba da shawarar wayar da kan jama'a ta ɗaliban makarantar sakandare game da gurɓatar Kogin G waje da yaduwa. Kungiyoyi da makarantu da yawa sun karɓi kamfen ɗin a Gweru, babban tafkin gurɓataccen ruwa na Kogin Gweru. == Haraji == Waɗannan su ne sunayen asali waɗanda suka danganci Taswirar da gwamnatin [[Rhodesia|Rhodesia, yanzu Zimbabwe]] ta samar. * Kogin Kenyana (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Ngamo (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Matega (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Chakawa (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Mandingo (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Kalulani (Lower Gweru_ daga madatsar ruwan Shagari) * Kogin Batitswa (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Bembe (Lower Gweru_ daga madatsar ruwan Museyamwa) * Kogin Ingwenya (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Ntabemhlope (Lower Gweru) * Kogin Damba (Silobela_ daga madatsar ruwan Damba) * Kogin Zvung (Silobela) * Kogin Semkulu (_ daga madatsar ruwan Totololo) * Kogin bazara (Yankin Sayen Silobela) * Kogin Mavhunats da kuma Kogin (Silobela) * Kogin Ndhlamatuli (Silobela) * Kogin Marirangwe (Zhombe) * Kogin Gwembezi (Silobela) * Kogin Sangeni (Silobela) * Kogin Sehnga * Kogin Umhlafuto (Silobela) * Kogin Donsa * Kogin Nyauswe (Zhombe) * Kogin Semizi (Zhombe) * Kogin Mangwizi (Zhombe) * Kogin Setshanke (Nkai) * Kogin Gwelutshena (Nkayi_ daga madatsar ruwan Gwelutshina) * Kogin Ngenungenu (Nkayi) na ƙarshe kafin ya haɗu da [[Kogin Shangani]] . * Kogin Tohwe (Nkayi) == Dubi kuma == * [[Kogin Shangani]] * Gweru * Shirin Musayar Ruwa * [[Mabangeni Irrigation Scheme|Shirin Ruwa na Mabangeni]] * [[Insukamini Irrigation Scheme|Shirin Ruwa na Insukamini]] * Jerin koguna na Zimbabwe == Manazarta == p2ldm83jc0dlw99vifndktvuahl2f50 0 152464 840859 2026-05-28T05:37:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311684925|Inkankezi River]]" 840859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Kogi|kogin]] Inkankezi''' wani kogi ne a [[Matebeleland South|Matebeleland ta Kudu]], Gundumar Insiza, Mtshingwe, a [[Zimbabwe]] . Kogin koyaushe yana bushewa a lokacin hunturu saboda ƙaramin girmansa da wurin da yake wanda yake da tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Kileshye-Onema, J.-M., Mazvimavi, D., Love, D. and Mul, M.L. 2006. Effects of selected dams on river flows of Insiza River, Zimbabwe . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 31, 870–875. [1]</ref> Makarantun firamare da sakandare na Nkankezi a gefen gabas na kogi tare da Hanyar Bulawayo-Masvingo suna ɗaukar sunayensu daga kogi. Sauran ƙauyuka kusa da kogin Nkankezi sune 18A, 18B, 18C, 20 da 21. Inkankezi ita ce babbar hanyar hagu ta Kogin Insiza . Ya tashi a arewa maso gabashin Filabusi, tare da bakinsa a madatsar ruwan Silalabuhwa . == Manazarta == 9hsii42x0v4vflxecxvrlbey9vh1c40 840860 840859 2026-05-28T05:37:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 840860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Inkankezi''' wani kogi ne a [[Matebeleland South|Matebeleland ta Kudu]], Gundumar Insiza, Mtshingwe, a [[Zimbabwe]] . Kogin koyaushe yana bushewa a lokacin hunturu saboda ƙaramin girmansa da wurin da yake wanda yake da tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Kileshye-Onema, J.-M., Mazvimavi, D., Love, D. and Mul, M.L. 2006. Effects of selected dams on river flows of Insiza River, Zimbabwe . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 31, 870–875. [1]</ref> Makarantun firamare da sakandare na Nkankezi a gefen gabas na kogi tare da Hanyar Bulawayo-Masvingo suna ɗaukar sunayensu daga kogi. Sauran ƙauyuka kusa da kogin Nkankezi sune 18A, 18B, 18C, 20 da 21. Inkankezi ita ce babbar hanyar hagu ta Kogin Insiza . Ya tashi a arewa maso gabashin Filabusi, tare da bakinsa a madatsar ruwan Silalabuhwa . == Manazarta == 4o3a2qco5wse7r52tekffmlr2rn1zc1 0 152465 840861 2026-05-28T05:38:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1273077226|Insiza River]]" 840861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Insiza''' shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Mzingwane a [[Zimbabwe]]. Ya tashi kusa da Fort Rixon, Gundumar Insiza, kuma yana gudana cikin Kogin Mzingwane kusa da West Nicholson. == Ilimin ruwa == Yankin da ke saman Insiza na ɗan lokaci ne, amma a ƙasa da madatsar ruwan Silalabuhwa, kogin yana gudana na kashi biyu bisa uku na shekara. Manyan koguna na Kogin Insiza sun hada da kogin Inkankezi da Siwaze. == Birane, garuruwa da ƙauyuka a gefen kogi == An ba da umarnin ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga farkon kogin zuwa ƙarshen sa: * Garin Fort Rixon * Garin Filabusi == Bridges da ƙetare == [[Fayil:Croft_bridge.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Croft Bridge a kan Kogin Insiza kusa da Filabusi .]] * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar Mbalabala - [[Masvingo]], kusa da Filabusi. * Babur a kan hanyar Filabusi - [[Mataga]] . * Bridge a kan Filabusi - West Nicholson hanya . * Croft Bridge, a kan hanyar daga Filabusi zuwa ma'adinin Croft. Har ila yau, akwai wurare da yawa na ƙetare, gami da: * Ekusileni pontoon (duba hoto a saman shafi). == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Silalabuhwa_Dam.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Dam din Silalabuhwa]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai madatsun ruwa guda huɗu a kan Kogin Insiza: * Upper Insiza Dam, kusa da Fort Rixon, wanda aka gina a 1967 tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 8,829 MCM (millions cubic mita). * Dam din Insiza, wanda a baya aka sani da Mayfair Dam da Lake Cunningham, wanda aka gina a 1973, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 173,491 MCM. Yana samar da ruwa ga birnin [[Bulawayo]]. * Pangani Dam, kusa da Filabusi, an gina shi don samar da ruwa ga ma'adinin Pangani (yanzu an rufe shi kuma wurin cibiyar horar da matasa. * [[Silalabuhwa Dam|Dam din Silalabuhwa]], wanda aka gina a 1966, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 23,454 MCM. Tana kusa da haɗuwa da Kogin Mzingwane kuma tana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa ga Tsarin Ruwa na Silalatshani <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moyo |first=M. |last2=van Rooyen |first2=A. |last3=Moyo |first3=M. |last4=Chivenge |first4=P. |last5=Bjornlund |first5=H. |date=2017 |title=Irrigation development in Zimbabwe: understanding productivity barriers and opportunities at Mkoba and Silalatshani irrigation schemes |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=740–754 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2016.1175339 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma Colleen Bawn . == Manazarta == s1p9wzuhu0ge3okjn562clsjiarzorf 840862 840861 2026-05-28T05:38:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 840862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Insiza''' shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Mzingwane a [[Zimbabwe]]. Ya tashi kusa da Fort Rixon, Gundumar Insiza, kuma yana gudana cikin Kogin Mzingwane kusa da West Nicholson. == Ilimin ruwa == Yankin da ke saman Insiza na ɗan lokaci ne, amma a ƙasa da madatsar ruwan Silalabuhwa, kogin yana gudana na kashi biyu bisa uku na shekara. Manyan koguna na Kogin Insiza sun hada da kogin Inkankezi da Siwaze. == Birane, garuruwa da ƙauyuka a gefen kogi == An ba da umarnin ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga farkon kogin zuwa ƙarshen sa: * Garin Fort Rixon * Garin Filabusi == Bridges da ƙetare == [[Fayil:Croft_bridge.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Croft Bridge a kan Kogin Insiza kusa da Filabusi .]] * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar Mbalabala - [[Masvingo]], kusa da Filabusi. * Babur a kan hanyar Filabusi - [[Mataga]] . * Bridge a kan Filabusi - West Nicholson hanya . * Croft Bridge, a kan hanyar daga Filabusi zuwa ma'adinin Croft. Har ila yau, akwai wurare da yawa na ƙetare, gami da: * Ekusileni pontoon (duba hoto a saman shafi). == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Silalabuhwa_Dam.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Dam din Silalabuhwa]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai madatsun ruwa guda huɗu a kan Kogin Insiza: * Upper Insiza Dam, kusa da Fort Rixon, wanda aka gina a 1967 tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 8,829 MCM (millions cubic mita). * Dam din Insiza, wanda a baya aka sani da Mayfair Dam da Lake Cunningham, wanda aka gina a 1973, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 173,491 MCM. Yana samar da ruwa ga birnin [[Bulawayo]]. * Pangani Dam, kusa da Filabusi, an gina shi don samar da ruwa ga ma'adinin Pangani (yanzu an rufe shi kuma wurin cibiyar horar da matasa. * [[Silalabuhwa Dam|Dam din Silalabuhwa]], wanda aka gina a 1966, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 23,454 MCM. Tana kusa da haɗuwa da Kogin Mzingwane kuma tana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa ga Tsarin Ruwa na Silalatshani <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moyo |first=M. |last2=van Rooyen |first2=A. |last3=Moyo |first3=M. |last4=Chivenge |first4=P. |last5=Bjornlund |first5=H. |date=2017 |title=Irrigation development in Zimbabwe: understanding productivity barriers and opportunities at Mkoba and Silalatshani irrigation schemes |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=740–754 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2016.1175339 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da kuma Colleen Bawn . == Manazarta == ky9fceqcub6wxti1gb5ouc0635oeyw5 0 152466 840863 2026-05-28T05:38:34Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1227279661|Southern Eastern Rift]]" 840863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yankin Kudancin Gabashin Rift''' yanki ne mai tsaftataccen ruwa a [[Kenya]] da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Tana mamaye ƙarshen kudu na Gabashin Rift Valley, ko Gregory Rift, kuma ta haɗa da wasu [[Endorheic Basin|wuraren ɓoye ko wuraren da ke cike da ruwa]] waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa tafkuna na tsakiya ba tare da hanyar shiga teku ba. Yankin Kudancin Gabas ya faɗaɗa zuwa 700&nbsp;kilomita, daga tsakiyar Kenya zuwa tsakiyar Tanzania. Gabashin Rift Valley yana da nisan mil 50 zuwa 100&nbsp;Faɗin kilomita a mafi yawan tsawonsa, amma yana faɗaɗa a ƙarshen kudu. Tafkin tafkin sune, daga arewa zuwa kudu, tafkin Baringo, tafkin Bogoria, [[tafkin Nakuru]], [[tafkin Naivasha]], tafkin Elementaita, da tafkin Magadi dake kasar Kenya, da tafkin Natron, da tafkin Manyara, [[Lake Burungi|da tafkin Burungi]], da tafkin Eyasi, [[Lake Kitangiri|da tafkin Kitangiri]], da tafkin Balangida, [[Lake Singida|da tafkin Singida]], da tafkin Sulunga a Tanzaniya. A yankin kudancin gabashin ƙasar Kenya, dazuzzukan arewacin Acacia-Commiphora da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da kwarin rift, tare da dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka tare da tsaunukan gabas da yamma. A yankin Tanzaniya, ciyayin aman wuta na Serengeti suna gabas da yamma da tsaunukan Ngorongoro . Dutsen kanta, tare da Dutsen Meru da [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]], an rufe shi da dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka . Gaba da kudu, dazuzzukan kudancin Acacia-Commiphora da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye sun mamaye kwarin Kogin Tarangire, kwarin tafkin Sulunga, da kuma ƙananan dazuzzukan kudu da yamma da tafkin Eyasi . Dazuzzukan Miombo sun mamaye kudu da gabashin kogin Wembere da tsaunukan Mbulu, waɗanda suka raba kwarin tafkin Eyasi daga kwarin tafkin Manyara, Tarangire, da kuma kwarin tafkin Sulunga. Layukan dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka suna faruwa ne a manyan tsaunuka a tsaunukan Mbulu da Dutsen Hanang . A gundumar Itigi akwai dajin Itigi-Sumbu . == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 854zpoftab591avc21incpmu27y48c3 840865 840863 2026-05-28T05:39:02Z Engineer014 44591 840865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kudancin Gabashin Rift''' yanki ne mai tsaftataccen ruwa a [[Kenya]] da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Tana mamaye ƙarshen kudu na Gabashin Rift Valley, ko Gregory Rift, kuma ta haɗa da wasu [[Endorheic Basin|wuraren ɓoye ko wuraren da ke cike da ruwa]] waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa tafkuna na tsakiya ba tare da hanyar shiga teku ba. Yankin Kudancin Gabas ya faɗaɗa zuwa 700&nbsp;kilomita, daga tsakiyar Kenya zuwa tsakiyar Tanzania. Gabashin Rift Valley yana da nisan mil 50 zuwa 100&nbsp;Faɗin kilomita a mafi yawan tsawonsa, amma yana faɗaɗa a ƙarshen kudu. Tafkin tafkin sune, daga arewa zuwa kudu, tafkin Baringo, tafkin Bogoria, [[tafkin Nakuru]], [[tafkin Naivasha]], tafkin Elementaita, da tafkin Magadi dake kasar Kenya, da tafkin Natron, da tafkin Manyara, [[Lake Burungi|da tafkin Burungi]], da tafkin Eyasi, [[Lake Kitangiri|da tafkin Kitangiri]], da tafkin Balangida, [[Lake Singida|da tafkin Singida]], da tafkin Sulunga a Tanzaniya. A yankin kudancin gabashin ƙasar Kenya, dazuzzukan arewacin Acacia-Commiphora da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da kwarin rift, tare da dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka tare da tsaunukan gabas da yamma. A yankin Tanzaniya, ciyayin aman wuta na Serengeti suna gabas da yamma da tsaunukan Ngorongoro . Dutsen kanta, tare da Dutsen Meru da [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]], an rufe shi da dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka . Gaba da kudu, dazuzzukan kudancin Acacia-Commiphora da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye sun mamaye kwarin Kogin Tarangire, kwarin tafkin Sulunga, da kuma ƙananan dazuzzukan kudu da yamma da tafkin Eyasi . Dazuzzukan Miombo sun mamaye kudu da gabashin kogin Wembere da tsaunukan Mbulu, waɗanda suka raba kwarin tafkin Eyasi daga kwarin tafkin Manyara, Tarangire, da kuma kwarin tafkin Sulunga. Layukan dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka suna faruwa ne a manyan tsaunuka a tsaunukan Mbulu da Dutsen Hanang . A gundumar Itigi akwai dajin Itigi-Sumbu . == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> g3exe2m9kstzp7t3dxa69mct9rhyzob 0 152467 840864 2026-05-28T05:38:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298085547|Inyankuni River]]" 840864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Inyankuni''' [[kogi]] ne a [[Zimbabwe]] . Yana cikin kogin Mzingwane . Kogin yana fuskantar matsaloli sakamakon ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-12-10 |title=Illegal mining a health and environmental crisis |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2003/12/10/illegal-mining-health-and-environmental-crisis |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.thenewhumanitarian.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == iem4lnkwhuhbwfpczfxs7eqfvw6dbg9 840866 840864 2026-05-28T05:39:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 840866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Inyankuni''' [[kogi]] ne a [[Zimbabwe]] . Yana cikin kogin Mzingwane . Kogin yana fuskantar matsaloli sakamakon ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-12-10 |title=Illegal mining a health and environmental crisis |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2003/12/10/illegal-mining-health-and-environmental-crisis |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.thenewhumanitarian.org |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == bywga89j92mj1nc5s9n26gsiuayeptr 0 152468 840867 2026-05-28T05:39:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1214890416|Munyati River]]" 840867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Kogi|kogin]] Munyati''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin '''Umniati'''''', <ref name="Cambridge2011Selous">{{Cite book|last3=Frederick Selous}}</ref> kuma a matsayin '''Kogin Sanyati''' don wani ɓangare na tsawonsa) kogi ne a [[Zimbabwe]] . A karkashin gwamnatin [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], an sanya masa suna Umniati a hukumance, amma an canza rubutun sa a 1983 don ya fi kama da yadda ake furta [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] daidai. Kogin ya tashi a Mashonaland East, kawai arewacin Chivhu, kuma kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mile}} (62 miles) kudu da [[Harare]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso yamma kuma don yawancin tsawonsa ya kafa iyakar kudancin lardin Mashonaland, kuma a yau shine iyakar kudanci na Mashonaland West. Kogin Mupfure (wanda aka fi sani da Umfuli) ya haɗu da kogin. A ƙasa da wannan batu, ana kiran kogin Sanyati. Bayan jimlar kilomita {{Convert|500|km|mile}} (mil 310) kogin yana gudana cikin [[Tafkin Kariba]] (sashi na [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] tsakanin Dam din Kariba da Batoka Gorge), yana mai da shi wani ɓangare na Zambez Basin. The river flow is highly variable, reflecting the sharp distinction in the local climate between dry and wet seasons. Between December and May it flows strongly and is about {{Convert|3|m|ft}} deep on the plateau, and {{Convert|80|to|100|m|ft}} in breadth (although less deep) on its lower reaches. During the rest of the year, it is much reduced and slower-flowing, usually only {{Convert|2|m|ft}} deep, and almost drying up on rare occasions during serious droughts; as last in 1984. == Gandavaroyi Falls == Mafi girma a kan kogi shine a ''Ganda'' Falls (Ganderowe Falls). Kamar yadda yake a [[Yaren Shona|Shona]], ganda (''Kanda'') yana nufin "don jefa", kuma ''Varouyi'' yana nufin "maƙaryaci", "tare da waƙoƙi da daidaito, Mutanen yankin sun ba da sunan cataract bayan kyakkyawan aikin da suke da shi na jefa maƙaryaci a kan faduwar ruwa. " An yi imanin cewa wurin yana da tsarki kuma har ma a wannan rana, 'yan kaɗan ne suka fi son ziyartar wannan wuri. Bayan wannan faduwa, babban kogi shine kogin Mvumvudze wanda ke wucewa ta Vashe == Dubi kuma == * Munyati * [[Kudancin Afirka]] * Dabbobin daji na Zimbabwe == Manazarta == maqvgfy25i4fy910r6qrz1m2vc351h2 840868 840867 2026-05-28T05:40:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 840868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Kogi|kogin]] Munyati''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin '''Umniati'''''', <ref name="Cambridge2011Selous">{{Cite book|last3=Frederick Selous}}</ref> kuma a matsayin '''Kogin Sanyati''' don wani ɓangare na tsawonsa) kogi ne a [[Zimbabwe]] . A karkashin gwamnatin [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], an sanya masa suna Umniati a hukumance, amma an canza rubutun sa a 1983 don ya fi kama da yadda ake furta [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] daidai. Kogin ya tashi a Mashonaland East, kawai arewacin Chivhu, kuma kusan kilomita {{Convert|100|km|mile}} (62 miles) kudu da [[Harare]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso yamma kuma don yawancin tsawonsa ya kafa iyakar kudancin lardin Mashonaland, kuma a yau shine iyakar kudanci na Mashonaland West. Kogin Mupfure (wanda aka fi sani da Umfuli) ya haɗu da kogin. A ƙasa da wannan batu, ana kiran kogin Sanyati. Bayan jimlar kilomita {{Convert|500|km|mile}} (mil 310) kogin yana gudana cikin [[Tafkin Kariba]] (sashi na [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] tsakanin Dam din Kariba da Batoka Gorge), yana mai da shi wani ɓangare na Zambez Basin. The river flow is highly variable, reflecting the sharp distinction in the local climate between dry and wet seasons. Between December and May it flows strongly and is about {{Convert|3|m|ft}} deep on the plateau, and {{Convert|80|to|100|m|ft}} in breadth (although less deep) on its lower reaches. During the rest of the year, it is much reduced and slower-flowing, usually only {{Convert|2|m|ft}} deep, and almost drying up on rare occasions during serious droughts; as last in 1984. == Gandavaroyi Falls == Mafi girma a kan kogi shine a ''Ganda'' Falls (Ganderowe Falls). Kamar yadda yake a [[Yaren Shona|Shona]], ganda (''Kanda'') yana nufin "don jefa", kuma ''Varouyi'' yana nufin "maƙaryaci", "tare da waƙoƙi da daidaito, Mutanen yankin sun ba da sunan cataract bayan kyakkyawan aikin da suke da shi na jefa maƙaryaci a kan faduwar ruwa. " An yi imanin cewa wurin yana da tsarki kuma har ma a wannan rana, 'yan kaɗan ne suka fi son ziyartar wannan wuri. Bayan wannan faduwa, babban kogi shine kogin Mvumvudze wanda ke wucewa ta Vashe == Dubi kuma == * Munyati * [[Kudancin Afirka]] * Dabbobin daji na Zimbabwe == Manazarta == 05wqsm0n3a3dku252x1w85qu6vtgmr3 0 152469 840869 2026-05-28T05:40:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311684900|Mupfure River]]" 840869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Kogi|kogin]] Mupfure''' wani kogi ne a [[Zimbabwe]] tare da asalinsa a Lardin Mashonaland na Gabas kuma yana ƙetare zuwa lardin Mashonaleand na Yamma. Ya haɗu da kogin Sanyati wanda ke gudana zuwa arewa kuma ya shiga cikin [[Kogin Zambezi]]. Kogin wani shafin ne na hakar zinariya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-12 |title=Alluvial gold miners cause massive environmental damage along major rivers; Province escalates fight against plunder |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/alluvial-gold-miners-cause-massive-environmental-damage-along-major-rivers-province-escalates-fight-against-plunder/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kogin Mupfure ya kasance wurin haɗari da yawa da nutsewa. A watan Agustan 2022, motoci biyu da ke tafiya a kan babbar hanyar Harare-Masvingo sun shiga hatsari kuma sun fadi cikin kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=Police Retrieve Mupfure River Accident Victims |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2022/08/03/police-retrieve-mupfure-river-accident-victims/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=ZimEye |language=en-US}}</ref> Mutane biyar a cikin motocin sun nitse bayan sun fada cikin kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machaya |first=Prince |date=2022-07-31 |title=5 drown after haulage truck, excavator collide on bridge and plunge into river |url=https://www.zimlive.com/5-drown-after-haulage-truck-excavator-collide-on-bridge-and-plunge-into-river/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Zimbabwe News Now |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, wani mutum da ke tserewa daga 'yan sanda ya yi tsalle zuwa kogi don tserewa. Daga baya mazauna yankin suka same shi ya nutsar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zibowa |first=Theresa |date=2024-04-16 |title=Harare man drowns while escaping arrest » |url=https://masvingomirror.com/harare-man-drowns-while-escaping-arrest/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Masvingo Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == s30lhxbq4fgsh7sjqheuv8x7wzhfdao 840870 840869 2026-05-28T05:41:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 840870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Mupfure''' wani kogi ne a [[Zimbabwe]] tare da asalinsa a Lardin Mashonaland na Gabas kuma yana ƙetare zuwa lardin Mashonaleand na Yamma. Ya haɗu da kogin Sanyati wanda ke gudana zuwa arewa kuma ya shiga cikin [[Kogin Zambezi]]. Kogin wani shafin ne na hakar zinariya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-12 |title=Alluvial gold miners cause massive environmental damage along major rivers; Province escalates fight against plunder |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/alluvial-gold-miners-cause-massive-environmental-damage-along-major-rivers-province-escalates-fight-against-plunder/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kogin Mupfure ya kasance wurin haɗari da yawa da nutsewa. A watan Agustan 2022, motoci biyu da ke tafiya a kan babbar hanyar Harare-Masvingo sun shiga hatsari kuma sun fadi cikin kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=Police Retrieve Mupfure River Accident Victims |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2022/08/03/police-retrieve-mupfure-river-accident-victims/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=ZimEye |language=en-US}}</ref> Mutane biyar a cikin motocin sun nitse bayan sun fada cikin kogi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machaya |first=Prince |date=2022-07-31 |title=5 drown after haulage truck, excavator collide on bridge and plunge into river |url=https://www.zimlive.com/5-drown-after-haulage-truck-excavator-collide-on-bridge-and-plunge-into-river/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Zimbabwe News Now |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, wani mutum da ke tserewa daga 'yan sanda ya yi tsalle zuwa kogi don tserewa. Daga baya mazauna yankin suka same shi ya nutsar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zibowa |first=Theresa |date=2024-04-16 |title=Harare man drowns while escaping arrest » |url=https://masvingomirror.com/harare-man-drowns-while-escaping-arrest/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=Masvingo Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == olgyg8oeq5ka3dfn9tubuayg4t9cm6s 0 152470 840871 2026-05-28T05:41:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333243100|Mushawe]]" 840871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Mushawe''' (wani nau'in rubutun Mushawi River) wani yanki ne na gefen dama na Kogin Mwenezi a [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi a yankin dutsen Nemande kuma yana gudana ta yankin Maranda don shiga Kogin Mwenezi a cikin madatsar ruwan Manyuchi, Gundumar Mwenezi. == Ilimin ruwa == Kogin Mzingane kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da kwarara gabaɗaya ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Maris). Koyaya, ƙananan kogin Mushawe suna samar da Ruwa mai zurfi, wanda gabaɗaya ke riƙe da ruwa a duk shekara. A wurare, tafkuna na dindindin zuwa na dindada suna faruwa, suna ba da wurin zama ga aladu. == Ci gaba == Kogin Mushawe an toshe shi a Dengenya . An gina madatsar ruwan ne don samar da ruwa don ban ruwa amma a halin yanzu yana cike da yashi. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƙananan madatsun ruwa a kan ƙananan kogin Mushawe. Ruwa don Maranda (No 1) Cibiyar Kasuwanci an cire ta daga ruwa mai zurfi a ƙasa da Kogin Mushawe, dan kadan a saman hoton da aka nuna a sama. == Manazarta == 41k1uvf58zrxs0h540in1ib3udy7tsc 840873 840871 2026-05-28T05:42:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333243100|Mushawe]]" 840873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Mushawe''' (wani nau'in rubutun Mushawi River) wani yanki ne na gefen dama na Kogin Mwenezi a [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi a yankin dutsen Nemande kuma yana gudana ta yankin Maranda don shiga Kogin Mwenezi a cikin madatsar ruwan Manyuchi, Gundumar Mwenezi.<ref>Love, D. de Hamer, W., Owen, R.J.S., Booij, M.J., Uhlenbrook, S., Hoekstra, A. and van der Zaag, P. 2007. Case studies of groundwater – surface water interactions and scale relationships in small alluvial aquifers. In: Abstract volume, 8th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Lusaka, Zambia, November 2007, p21. </ref> == Ilimin ruwa == Kogin Mzingane kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da kwarara gabaɗaya ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Maris). Koyaya, ƙananan kogin Mushawe suna samar da Ruwa mai zurfi, wanda gabaɗaya ke riƙe da ruwa a duk shekara. A wurare, tafkuna na dindindin zuwa na dindada suna faruwa, suna ba da wurin zama ga aladu. == Ci gaba == Kogin Mushawe an toshe shi a Dengenya . An gina madatsar ruwan ne don samar da ruwa don ban ruwa amma a halin yanzu yana cike da yashi. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƙananan madatsun ruwa a kan ƙananan kogin Mushawe. Ruwa don Maranda (No 1) Cibiyar Kasuwanci an cire ta daga ruwa mai zurfi a ƙasa da Kogin Mushawe, dan kadan a saman hoton da aka nuna a sama. == Manazarta == 7dzxstb4306s64fr3brnhq1pwf0v3v5 840875 840873 2026-05-28T05:42:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 840875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Mushawe''' (wani nau'in rubutun Mushawi River) wani yanki ne na gefen dama na Kogin Mwenezi a [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi a yankin dutsen Nemande kuma yana gudana ta yankin Maranda don shiga Kogin Mwenezi a cikin madatsar ruwan Manyuchi, Gundumar Mwenezi.<ref>Love, D. de Hamer, W., Owen, R.J.S., Booij, M.J., Uhlenbrook, S., Hoekstra, A. and van der Zaag, P. 2007. Case studies of groundwater – surface water interactions and scale relationships in small alluvial aquifers. In: Abstract volume, 8th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Lusaka, Zambia, November 2007, p21. </ref> == Ilimin ruwa == Kogin Mzingane kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da kwarara gabaɗaya ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Maris). Koyaya, ƙananan kogin Mushawe suna samar da Ruwa mai zurfi, wanda gabaɗaya ke riƙe da ruwa a duk shekara. A wurare, tafkuna na dindindin zuwa na dindada suna faruwa, suna ba da wurin zama ga aladu. == Ci gaba == Kogin Mushawe an toshe shi a Dengenya . An gina madatsar ruwan ne don samar da ruwa don ban ruwa amma a halin yanzu yana cike da yashi. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƙananan madatsun ruwa a kan ƙananan kogin Mushawe. Ruwa don Maranda (No 1) Cibiyar Kasuwanci an cire ta daga ruwa mai zurfi a ƙasa da Kogin Mushawe, dan kadan a saman hoton da aka nuna a sama. == Manazarta == dcfeodga46pedp71p0fkzzmmobneb3s 0 152471 840872 2026-05-28T05:41:46Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314225419|Chalbi Desert]]" 840872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamadar Chalbi''' ƙaramin hamada ne a arewacin [[Kenya]] kusa da kan iyaka da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana gabashin [[Tafkin Turkana]], a cikin gundumar Marsabit . Marsabit ita ce babbar cibiyar birane mafi kusa. == Asalin Ma'anar == A cikin harshen mutanen Gabra, Chalbi yana nufin "wurin da babu ruwa, mai gishiri". <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}</ref> == Wuri da bayanin == [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_Satellite.jpg|left|thumb|Tauraron Dan Adam na Chalbi]] Hamadar Chalbi tana tsakanin Dutsen Marsabit da [[Tafkin Turkana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chalbi Desert, Kenya - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3097381&fid=3295&c=kenya |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> Yankin yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 110.&nbsp;tsawon kilomita da kuma tsawon kilomita 10 zuwa 20&nbsp;fadin kilomita kuma ya kai sama da 100,000&nbsp;km ^2. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=C. K. |last2=Bowman |first2=D. |date=1989 |title=Climatic changes in the Chalbi Desert, North Kenya |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=131–139 |bibcode=1989JQS.....4..131N |doi=10.1002/jqs.3390040204 |issn=0267-8179}}</ref> Yankin ya ƙunshi tsohon gadon tafki, saman duwatsu da yankunan lawa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}</ref> Tsohon gadon tafki na Chalbi ya kasance tafki mai zurfi kimanin shekaru 10,000 zuwa 11,000 da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abell |first=Paul I. |last2=Nyamweru |first2=Celia K. |date=June 1988 |title=Paleoenvironments in the Chalbi Basin of Kenya |journal=Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1016/0168-9622(88)90041-3 |issn=0168-9622}}</ref> Tuddan lawa suna ba da wasu canje-canje masu tsayi a wani yanki mai faɗi. Ƙasa tana haɗuwa da busasshen laka da gishiri. Idan aka yi ruwan sama, ƙasa tana zama ƙasa mai laushi da mannewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> An amince da hamadar Chalbi a matsayin muhimmin wuri a Kenya. Burbushin da aka adana a yankin sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga fahimtar yanayin Quaternary a Gabashin Afirka. Waɗannan burbushin sun haɗa da dabbobin ruwa kamar kogin Nilu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> Hakanan wuri ne na ma'adinan eugsterite. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vergouwen |first=Lideke |date=1981 |title=Eugsterite, a new salt mineral. |journal=American Mineralogist |volume=66 |pages=632–636}}</ref> === Yanayi === Chalbi hamada ce mai inuwar ruwan sama. <ref name=":1" /> Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da kimanin {{Convert|150|mm|in|0}} (ko har zuwa {{Convert|350|mm|in|0}} <ref name=":2" /> ). Ruwan sama ba shi da tsari kuma a wasu shekaru yankin yana samun ruwan sama kwata-kwata. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A cikin 1973, misali, an sami {{Convert|7|mm|in}} kawai na ruwan sama. <ref name=":0" /> A halin yanzu, yuwuwar ƙafewar iska mai ƙarfi ya wuce {{Convert|2,600|mm|in|-1}} <ref name=":1" /> A gefen hamada, akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=White |first=F. |date=1983 |title=Vegetation Map of Africa. The Vegetation of Africa: A Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation map of Africa. |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |issn=}}</ref> waɗanda ke haifar da wuraren ruwa da ciyawa. [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08742.jpg|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08742]] A wasu lokutan, ruwan sama yana sauka kamar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, kuma ruwan yana gudana ta cikin hamada mai tauri da tafkuna a wuraren da ke da zurfin ƙasa. A cikin shekaru da dama na ruwan sama mai ban mamaki, ana samun tafki na wucin gadi wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> Wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1978, misali, lokacin da tafki na wucin gadi mai tsawon {{Convert|50|cm|ftin}}An samar da mai zurfi wanda tsuntsayen ruwa za su iya amfani da shi. <ref name=":0" /> === Fauna === Ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin daji a yankin: oryx, giwar Afirka, jimina ta Somaliya, zebra na Grevy, da giraffe mai siffar reticulated. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> A da, karkanda baƙi suna zaune a yankin, amma ana farautar su har su mutu. <ref name=":2" /> Dangane da babban ƙungiyar mafarauta, zakuna na Afirka suna zaune a yankin. <ref name=":2" /> [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08729.jpg|left|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08729]] [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08764.jpg|none|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08764]] == Gidan ɗan adam == Makiyayan Gabbra suna zaune a kusa da wannan yanki na Kenya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> Waɗannan mutanen makiyaya suna kiwon awaki da shanu, da raƙuma har zuwa wani mataki. <ref name=":0" /> Wasu makiyaya kaɗan ma suna nan a yankin, kamar Rendille, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> Dasanech, ko Turkana . <ref name=":3" /> [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_IMG_0700.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Chalbi Hamada IMG 070]] === Fasaha === Babban gonar iska mafi girma a Afirka tana gefen yammacin hamada. Abin takaici, babu wata fa'ida daga gonar iska da ta isa ga al'ummomin yankin. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> == Yawon Bude Ido == Yankin ya ga karuwar [[yawon bude ido]] a hamada tun farkon shekarun 2020, kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin sabbin [[Abubuwan jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido|wuraren yawon bude ido]] na Kenya da za a ziyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walter |first=Jacob |date=2020-10-19 |title=Chalbi Desert rewrites Marsabit's marginalisation history |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/marsabit/chalbi-desert-rewrites-marsabit-s-marginalisation-history--2484836 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Daily_Nation | Nation]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=OLINGO |first=ALLAN |title=Traversing the formidable Chalbi desert |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/travel-destination/article/2000060712/traversing-the-formidable-chalbi-desert |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[The_Standard_(Kenya) | The Standard]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta i == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2gw9u1063uj781851f0ttss588tpv3y 840874 840872 2026-05-28T05:42:34Z Engineer014 44591 840874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hamadar Chalbi''' ƙaramin hamada ne a arewacin [[Kenya]] kusa da kan iyaka da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana gabashin [[Tafkin Turkana]], a cikin gundumar Marsabit . Marsabit ita ce babbar cibiyar birane mafi kusa. == Asalin Ma'anar == A cikin harshen mutanen Gabra, Chalbi yana nufin "wurin da babu ruwa, mai gishiri". <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}</ref> == Wuri da bayanin == [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_Satellite.jpg|left|thumb|Tauraron Dan Adam na Chalbi]] Hamadar Chalbi tana tsakanin Dutsen Marsabit da [[Tafkin Turkana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chalbi Desert, Kenya - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3097381&fid=3295&c=kenya |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=geographic.org}}</ref> Yankin yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 110.&nbsp;tsawon kilomita da kuma tsawon kilomita 10 zuwa 20&nbsp;fadin kilomita kuma ya kai sama da 100,000&nbsp;km ^2. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=C. K. |last2=Bowman |first2=D. |date=1989 |title=Climatic changes in the Chalbi Desert, North Kenya |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=131–139 |bibcode=1989JQS.....4..131N |doi=10.1002/jqs.3390040204 |issn=0267-8179}}</ref> Yankin ya ƙunshi tsohon gadon tafki, saman duwatsu da yankunan lawa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}</ref> Tsohon gadon tafki na Chalbi ya kasance tafki mai zurfi kimanin shekaru 10,000 zuwa 11,000 da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abell |first=Paul I. |last2=Nyamweru |first2=Celia K. |date=June 1988 |title=Paleoenvironments in the Chalbi Basin of Kenya |journal=Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1016/0168-9622(88)90041-3 |issn=0168-9622}}</ref> Tuddan lawa suna ba da wasu canje-canje masu tsayi a wani yanki mai faɗi. Ƙasa tana haɗuwa da busasshen laka da gishiri. Idan aka yi ruwan sama, ƙasa tana zama ƙasa mai laushi da mannewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> An amince da hamadar Chalbi a matsayin muhimmin wuri a Kenya. Burbushin da aka adana a yankin sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga fahimtar yanayin Quaternary a Gabashin Afirka. Waɗannan burbushin sun haɗa da dabbobin ruwa kamar kogin Nilu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> Hakanan wuri ne na ma'adinan eugsterite. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vergouwen |first=Lideke |date=1981 |title=Eugsterite, a new salt mineral. |journal=American Mineralogist |volume=66 |pages=632–636}}</ref> === Yanayi === Chalbi hamada ce mai inuwar ruwan sama. <ref name=":1" /> Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da kimanin {{Convert|150|mm|in|0}} (ko har zuwa {{Convert|350|mm|in|0}} <ref name=":2" /> ). Ruwan sama ba shi da tsari kuma a wasu shekaru yankin yana samun ruwan sama kwata-kwata. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A cikin 1973, misali, an sami {{Convert|7|mm|in}} kawai na ruwan sama. <ref name=":0" /> A halin yanzu, yuwuwar ƙafewar iska mai ƙarfi ya wuce {{Convert|2,600|mm|in|-1}} <ref name=":1" /> A gefen hamada, akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=White |first=F. |date=1983 |title=Vegetation Map of Africa. The Vegetation of Africa: A Descriptive Memoir to Accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation map of Africa. |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |issn=}}</ref> waɗanda ke haifar da wuraren ruwa da ciyawa. [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08742.jpg|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08742]] A wasu lokutan, ruwan sama yana sauka kamar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, kuma ruwan yana gudana ta cikin hamada mai tauri da tafkuna a wuraren da ke da zurfin ƙasa. A cikin shekaru da dama na ruwan sama mai ban mamaki, ana samun tafki na wucin gadi wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni da yawa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> Wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1978, misali, lokacin da tafki na wucin gadi mai tsawon {{Convert|50|cm|ftin}}An samar da mai zurfi wanda tsuntsayen ruwa za su iya amfani da shi. <ref name=":0" /> === Fauna === Ana iya samun waɗannan dabbobin daji a yankin: oryx, giwar Afirka, jimina ta Somaliya, zebra na Grevy, da giraffe mai siffar reticulated. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> A da, karkanda baƙi suna zaune a yankin, amma ana farautar su har su mutu. <ref name=":2" /> Dangane da babban ƙungiyar mafarauta, zakuna na Afirka suna zaune a yankin. <ref name=":2" /> [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08729.jpg|left|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08729]] [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_DSC08764.jpg|none|thumb|Chalbi Hamada DSC08764]] == Gidan ɗan adam == Makiyayan Gabbra suna zaune a kusa da wannan yanki na Kenya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyamweru |first=Celia |title=From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin |journal=Kenya Past and Present |pages=32–36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyamweru">Nyamweru, Celia. "From Lake to Desert: The Chalbi Basin". ''Kenya Past and Present'': <span class="nowrap">32–</span>36.</cite></ref> Waɗannan mutanen makiyaya suna kiwon awaki da shanu, da raƙuma har zuwa wani mataki. <ref name=":0" /> Wasu makiyaya kaɗan ma suna nan a yankin, kamar Rendille, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> Dasanech, ko Turkana . <ref name=":3" /> [[Fayil:Chalbi_Desert_IMG_0700.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Chalbi Hamada IMG 070]] === Fasaha === Babban gonar iska mafi girma a Afirka tana gefen yammacin hamada. Abin takaici, babu wata fa'ida daga gonar iska da ta isa ga al'ummomin yankin. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dan |first=Michelle E. |last2=Olaka |first2=Lydia A. |last3=Mamo |first3=Mamo Boru |last4=Chalo |first4=Duncan Mutiso |last5=Cuni-Sanchez |first5=Aida |date=April 2021 |title=Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya |journal=Ecosystem Services |volume=48 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243 |issn=2212-0416 |s2cid=233590307}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDanOlakaMamoChalo2021">Dan, Michelle E.; Olaka, Lydia A.; Mamo, Mamo Boru; Chalo, Duncan Mutiso; Cuni-Sanchez, Aida (April 2021). "Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya". ''Ecosystem Services''. '''48''' 101243. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243|10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101243]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0416 2212-0416]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233590307 233590307].</cite></ref> == Yawon Bude Ido == Yankin ya ga karuwar [[yawon bude ido]] a hamada tun farkon shekarun 2020, kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin sabbin [[Abubuwan jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido|wuraren yawon bude ido]] na Kenya da za a ziyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walter |first=Jacob |date=2020-10-19 |title=Chalbi Desert rewrites Marsabit's marginalisation history |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/marsabit/chalbi-desert-rewrites-marsabit-s-marginalisation-history--2484836 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Daily_Nation | Nation]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=OLINGO |first=ALLAN |title=Traversing the formidable Chalbi desert |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/travel-destination/article/2000060712/traversing-the-formidable-chalbi-desert |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[The_Standard_(Kenya) | The Standard]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta i == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6x9uoobjup7xb5w2eteahj4ga2bh26n 0 152472 840876 2026-05-28T05:43:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333243104|Mwenezi River]]" 840876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Mwenezi''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin ''Nuanetsi''''', babban ruwa ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]]. Kogin Mwenezi ya fara ne a kudancin tsakiyar [[Zimbabwe]] kuma yana gudana kudu maso gabas tare da abin da aka sani da kwarin Kogin Mweneji wanda ke raba gundumar zuwa bangarori biyu. Ana samun kogin a Zimbabwe da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. A Zimbabwe an san shi da Nuanetsi ko ''Kogin Nuanetzi'' a baya, sunan da yake riƙewa a Mozambique.<ref>Ministério da Administração Estatal 2005. Perfil do Distrito de Chicualacuala, Província de Gaza, page 2 {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.undp.org.mz/en/content/download/539/2473/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120103720/http://www.undp.org.mz/en/content/download/539/2473/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2008 |access-date=8 August 2008}}</ref> Kogin yana gudana ta hanyar Gidan shakatawa na Gonarezhou a kan hanyarsa ta shiga babban Kogin Limpopo. Kogin Mwenezi babban ruwa ne kuma yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Ba su haɗu a Zimbabwe ba, amma sun haɗu zuwa nisan kilomita 20 (12 zuwa cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala, Mozambique. Tsakanin shi ne Sengwe Communal Land a cikin Gundumar Chiredzi na Lardin Masvingo, galibi yanki ne mai laushi da ke kusa da mita 300 (980 a tsawo.) == Ilimin ruwa == [[Fayil:Mwenezi_at_Mwenezi_centre.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Dubi sama daga gadar a kan babbar hanyar [[Masvingo]] - Beitbridge, kusa da Rutenga.]] Kogin Mwenezi wani kogi ne tare da kwararar kwararar da aka ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu), tare da mafi yawan kwararar ruwa da aka rubuta tsakanin Disamba da Fabrairu, sai dai inda aka gyara shi ta hanyar ayyukan madatsar ruwa. Kogin yana ba da gudummawa 6.7% na matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Limpopo Basin, yana mai da shi na uku mafi girma ga tafkin Limpopo. Manyan koguna sune [[Dinhe]], [[Manyoshi]], [[Mtedzi]], [[Mhondi]], [[Makugwe]], [[Sosonye]], [[Sovoleli]], [[Malole]], [[Mwele River|Mwele]] da Mushawe. == Gidaje == An ba da umarnin garuruwa da ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga asalin kogin zuwa bakinsa: * Aikin [[Chegato]] * Garin Mwenezi * Gidan shakatawa na Mabalauta, Gidan shakatawa na Gonarezhou * Ƙauyen [[Malipati]] [[Fayil:Mwenezi_at_Mazetese.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Ford (tsallakawa) a kan Kogin Mwenezi a Mazetese, a saman madatsar ruwan Manyuchi .]] Akwai manyan gadoji guda huɗu da suka ratsa Kogin Mwenezi: * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar [[Masvingo]] - Beitbridge, kusa da Rutenga, kuma gadar jirgin kasa. * Babur a kan hanyar [[Chegato]] - [[Mataga]] * Babur a kan hanyar Dinhe - Neshuro * Babur kusa da [[Malipati]] a kan hanya daga [[Chikombedzi]] Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi da yawa. == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Manyuchi_release.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Ruwa da aka saki daga madatsar ruwan Manyuchi, Mwenezi .]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai babban madatsar ruwa guda ɗaya a kan Kogin Mwenezi: Madatsar ruwan Manyuchi a Mwenezi (Gundumar) , wanda ke ba da ruwa ga Rutenga da kuma ban ruwa na sukari. Ana ɗaukar ruwan da aka saki daga madatsar ruwan Manyuchi ga waɗannan masu amfani a Rinette weirs. An gano ƙarin wuraren madatsar ruwa guda biyu tsakanin madatsar ruwan Manyuchi da ƙauyen Mwenezi, amma ba a tsara ci gaba a halin yanzu ba. == Dabbobi na daji == [[Fayil:Heron_Kondo_Mwenezi.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|hamerkop a bakin kogin. Mutanen yankin suna kiranta 'Kondo' kuma akwai waƙoƙi game da shi. 2006]] Kogin yana tallafawa dabbobin daji daban-daban, gami da herons, Hippos da Nilu crocodiles. Mutane da yawa sun rasa rayukansu ga waɗannan crocodiles, da kuma dabbobi masu yawa kamar awaki, maraƙi da jaki. == Dubi kuma == * Mushawe * [[Kogin Limpopo]] * Rashin ruwa na Manyuchi * Gundumar Mwenezi == Manazarta == rt7b5k6mzwtpt06obzke4anclj15skl 840877 840876 2026-05-28T05:43:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 840877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Mwenezi''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin ''Nuanetsi''''', babban ruwa ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]]. Kogin Mwenezi ya fara ne a kudancin tsakiyar [[Zimbabwe]] kuma yana gudana kudu maso gabas tare da abin da aka sani da kwarin Kogin Mweneji wanda ke raba gundumar zuwa bangarori biyu. Ana samun kogin a Zimbabwe da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. A Zimbabwe an san shi da Nuanetsi ko ''Kogin Nuanetzi'' a baya, sunan da yake riƙewa a Mozambique.<ref>Ministério da Administração Estatal 2005. Perfil do Distrito de Chicualacuala, Província de Gaza, page 2 {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.undp.org.mz/en/content/download/539/2473/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120103720/http://www.undp.org.mz/en/content/download/539/2473/file/Chicualacuala.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2008 |access-date=8 August 2008}}</ref> Kogin yana gudana ta hanyar Gidan shakatawa na Gonarezhou a kan hanyarsa ta shiga babban Kogin Limpopo. Kogin Mwenezi babban ruwa ne kuma yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Ba su haɗu a Zimbabwe ba, amma sun haɗu zuwa nisan kilomita 20 (12 zuwa cikin Gundumar Chicualacuala, Mozambique. Tsakanin shi ne Sengwe Communal Land a cikin Gundumar Chiredzi na Lardin Masvingo, galibi yanki ne mai laushi da ke kusa da mita 300 (980 a tsawo.) == Ilimin ruwa == [[Fayil:Mwenezi_at_Mwenezi_centre.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Dubi sama daga gadar a kan babbar hanyar [[Masvingo]] - Beitbridge, kusa da Rutenga.]] Kogin Mwenezi wani kogi ne tare da kwararar kwararar da aka ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu), tare da mafi yawan kwararar ruwa da aka rubuta tsakanin Disamba da Fabrairu, sai dai inda aka gyara shi ta hanyar ayyukan madatsar ruwa. Kogin yana ba da gudummawa 6.7% na matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Limpopo Basin, yana mai da shi na uku mafi girma ga tafkin Limpopo. Manyan koguna sune [[Dinhe]], [[Manyoshi]], [[Mtedzi]], [[Mhondi]], [[Makugwe]], [[Sosonye]], [[Sovoleli]], [[Malole]], [[Mwele River|Mwele]] da Mushawe. == Gidaje == An ba da umarnin garuruwa da ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga asalin kogin zuwa bakinsa: * Aikin [[Chegato]] * Garin Mwenezi * Gidan shakatawa na Mabalauta, Gidan shakatawa na Gonarezhou * Ƙauyen [[Malipati]] [[Fayil:Mwenezi_at_Mazetese.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Ford (tsallakawa) a kan Kogin Mwenezi a Mazetese, a saman madatsar ruwan Manyuchi .]] Akwai manyan gadoji guda huɗu da suka ratsa Kogin Mwenezi: * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar [[Masvingo]] - Beitbridge, kusa da Rutenga, kuma gadar jirgin kasa. * Babur a kan hanyar [[Chegato]] - [[Mataga]] * Babur a kan hanyar Dinhe - Neshuro * Babur kusa da [[Malipati]] a kan hanya daga [[Chikombedzi]] Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi da yawa. == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Manyuchi_release.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Ruwa da aka saki daga madatsar ruwan Manyuchi, Mwenezi .]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai babban madatsar ruwa guda ɗaya a kan Kogin Mwenezi: Madatsar ruwan Manyuchi a Mwenezi (Gundumar) , wanda ke ba da ruwa ga Rutenga da kuma ban ruwa na sukari. Ana ɗaukar ruwan da aka saki daga madatsar ruwan Manyuchi ga waɗannan masu amfani a Rinette weirs. An gano ƙarin wuraren madatsar ruwa guda biyu tsakanin madatsar ruwan Manyuchi da ƙauyen Mwenezi, amma ba a tsara ci gaba a halin yanzu ba. == Dabbobi na daji == [[Fayil:Heron_Kondo_Mwenezi.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|hamerkop a bakin kogin. Mutanen yankin suna kiranta 'Kondo' kuma akwai waƙoƙi game da shi. 2006]] Kogin yana tallafawa dabbobin daji daban-daban, gami da herons, Hippos da Nilu crocodiles. Mutane da yawa sun rasa rayukansu ga waɗannan crocodiles, da kuma dabbobi masu yawa kamar awaki, maraƙi da jaki. == Dubi kuma == * Mushawe * [[Kogin Limpopo]] * Rashin ruwa na Manyuchi * Gundumar Mwenezi == Manazarta == 9l0iq7bk75x48ic1jqsdcx0y1dh9q2o 0 152473 840878 2026-05-28T05:44:00Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306965588|Zambezi Basin]]" 840878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Zambezi''' wani [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] ne [[Afirka|na Afirka]], wanda babban kwararar ruwansa ita ce [[Kogin Zambezi]], wanda shine kwarin ruwa na huɗu mafi girma a nahiyar, ban da kasancewarsa kwarin ruwa mafi mahimmanci a [[kudancin Afirka]] . Ya mamaye kusan 1,390,000.&nbsp;km², suna ratsa yankuna masu yawan jama'a, wani lokacin a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin yawan jama'a, kamar Yankin Kare Kan Iyakokin Kavango-Zambezi . Hukumar Zambezi Waterway Commission (ZAMCOM) ta kasance tun daga shekarar 2004 da nufin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa wajen raba albarkatun da abin ya shafa. Wani shiri na ƙasa da ƙasa don kula da yankunan ruwa shine [[Shirin Ayyukan Tsarin Kogin Zambezi|Tsarin Ayyukan Tsarin Kogin Zambezi]] (ZACPLAN). Yankin magudanar ruwa na kwarin ya ƙunshi [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Malawi]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], shine babban mai samar da ruwa mai tsafta, wutar lantarki da kifi ga al'ummomin waɗannan yankuna, galibi daga ƙasashe biyar na ƙarshe. Kwarin yana da manyan filayen danshi, wanda ke da alhakin daidaita yanayi na yanayin ƙasa mai wadataccen yanayi na savannas da [[Dajin ruwan sama|dazuzzukan]] da ke kewaye da shi. Babban hanyar da ake iya bi ta cikin kogin Zambezi ita ce ta cikin kogin Zambezi, wanda shine bakin da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]] (mafi daidai a cikin Tashar Mozambique ) har sai da ya kewaye birnin Tete, a arewa maso yammacin Mozambique. Akwai kuma hanyoyin bi ta cikin tafkunan [[Cahora Bassa]] da [[Tafkin Kariba|Kariba]], da kuma filayen Tafkunan Mana, Caprivi Strip, Liuwa-Luena-Baroste-Siloana, Shire, Luangwa da [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyassa]], na ƙarshe ukun ana iya bi ta cikin biyu ƙananan kwaruruka goma sha uku. Manyan kwaruruka biyu a cikin kwarin Zambezi suna da alaƙa da sauran manyan tsarin Afirka, wato: (a) kwarin Tafkin Nyassa/Shire, wanda ke haɗuwa da Babban Kwarin Rift, da kuma; (b) rabuwar kogi mai dorewa a cikin Selinda Spillway (ko kogin Magwegana), a cikin kwarin [[Kogin Cuando]], wanda ke haɗa kwarin Zambezi da kwarin Kalahari . == Manazarta == klqb87d7hqwwospes7a9egqplhqkbhd 840879 840878 2026-05-28T05:44:33Z Engineer014 44591 840879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Zambezi''' wani [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] ne [[Afirka|na Afirka]], wanda babban kwararar ruwansa ita ce [[Kogin Zambezi]], wanda shine kwarin ruwa na huɗu mafi girma a nahiyar, ban da kasancewarsa kwarin ruwa mafi mahimmanci a [[kudancin Afirka]] . Ya mamaye kusan 1,390,000.&nbsp;km², suna ratsa yankuna masu yawan jama'a, wani lokacin a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin yawan jama'a, kamar Yankin Kare Kan Iyakokin Kavango-Zambezi . Hukumar Zambezi Waterway Commission (ZAMCOM) ta kasance tun daga shekarar 2004 da nufin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa wajen raba albarkatun da abin ya shafa. Wani shiri na ƙasa da ƙasa don kula da yankunan ruwa shine [[Shirin Ayyukan Tsarin Kogin Zambezi|Tsarin Ayyukan Tsarin Kogin Zambezi]] (ZACPLAN). Yankin magudanar ruwa na kwarin ya ƙunshi [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Malawi]] da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], shine babban mai samar da ruwa mai tsafta, wutar lantarki da kifi ga al'ummomin waɗannan yankuna, galibi daga ƙasashe biyar na ƙarshe. Kwarin yana da manyan filayen danshi, wanda ke da alhakin daidaita yanayi na yanayin ƙasa mai wadataccen yanayi na savannas da [[Dajin ruwan sama|dazuzzukan]] da ke kewaye da shi. Babban hanyar da ake iya bi ta cikin kogin Zambezi ita ce ta cikin kogin Zambezi, wanda shine bakin da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]] (mafi daidai a cikin Tashar Mozambique ) har sai da ya kewaye birnin Tete, a arewa maso yammacin Mozambique. Akwai kuma hanyoyin bi ta cikin tafkunan [[Cahora Bassa]] da [[Tafkin Kariba|Kariba]], da kuma filayen Tafkunan Mana, Caprivi Strip, Liuwa-Luena-Baroste-Siloana, Shire, Luangwa da [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Nyassa]], na ƙarshe ukun ana iya bi ta cikin biyu ƙananan kwaruruka goma sha uku. Manyan kwaruruka biyu a cikin kwarin Zambezi suna da alaƙa da sauran manyan tsarin Afirka, wato: (a) kwarin Tafkin Nyassa/Shire, wanda ke haɗuwa da Babban Kwarin Rift, da kuma; (b) rabuwar kogi mai dorewa a cikin Selinda Spillway (ko kogin Magwegana), a cikin kwarin [[Kogin Cuando]], wanda ke haɗa kwarin Zambezi da kwarin Kalahari . == Manazarta == 10zy5i32t5sgdp8xf2h7rvhfo2l9geh 0 152474 840880 2026-05-28T05:44:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289125124|Mzingwane River]]" 840880 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Kogin Umzingwani,'''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin Umzingwane''' ko Kogin Umcingwani, babban gefen hagu ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]] a [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi a kusa da [[Fort Usher]], Gundumar Matobo, kudu da [[Bulawayo]] kuma yana gudana cikin Kogin Limpopo kusa da Beitbridge, a cikin bakin Kogin Shashe da kuma saman bakin Kogin Bubye. == Ilimin ruwa == Kogin Mzingwane wani kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da kwarara gabaɗaya ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Maris), tare da mafi yawan kwararar da aka rubuta tsakanin Disamba da Fabrairu, sai dai inda aka gyara shi ta hanyar ayyukan madatsar ruwa. Kogin yana ba da gudummawa 9.3% na matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Limpopo Basin, yana mai da shi na uku mafi girma ga tafkin Limpopo. Manyan koguna na Mzingwane sun hada da Insiza, Inyankuni, [[Kogin Ncema|Ncema]], [[Kogin Umchabezi|Umchabezi]] (kada a rikita su da [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Mtshabezi]]) da Kogin [[Kogin Mtetengwe|Mtetengwe]]. Ƙananan Kogin Mzingwane tashar cike da yashi ce, tare da manyan ruwa a cikin kogin kogin da kuma ƙasa da filayen alluvial. Kimanin albarkatun ruwa na waɗannan aquifers suna tsakanin 175,000 da 5,430,000 mita (6,200,000 da 191,800,000 a cikin tashoshi kuma tsakanin 80,000 da 6,920,000 cubic mita (2,800,000 da 244,400,000 cu ft). A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wasu daga cikin wadannan aquifers don samar da ruwa don amfani da gida, ban ruwa da dabbobi da tankuna, ban ruwa na kasuwanci da lambu na kasuwa. == Gidaje == An ba da umarnin ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga farkon kogin zuwa ƙarshen sa: * Garin Mbalabala * Garin Gwanda * Ƙauyen West Nicholson * Garin Beitbridge yana kusa da kilomita 6 ESE na haɗuwar Kogin Bubye da Limpopo a kan iyaka da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. An kafa shi a cikin 1929. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beitbridge |url=http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/zimbei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106111813/http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/zimbei.html |archive-date=2016-11-06 |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bridges da ƙetare == [[Fayil:Bertie_Knott_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Bertie Knott Bridge a kan Kogin Mzingwane kusa da Beitbridge .]] Akwai manyan gadoji huɗu a kan Kogin Mzingwane: * Bridge a kan babbar hanyar [[Bulawayo]] - Beitbridge, tsakanin Esigodini da Mbalabala, a cikin ruwa na madatsar ruwan Mzingwane. Har ila yau akwai gadar jirgin kasa. * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar Mbalabala - [[Masvingo]]. * Bridge a kan babbar hanyar [[Bulawayo]] - Beitbridge a West Nicholson, a cikin ruwa na haɗuwa da Kogin Insiza. Har ila yau akwai gadar jirgin kasa. * Bertie Knott Bridge, a kan hanya daga Beitbridge zuwa Shashe Irrigation Scheme, kusa da bakin. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi da yawa, ciki har da: * Hanyoyi biyu a saman West Nicholson a kan hanyoyin Silalabuhwa da Mosholomoshe. * Doddieburn ford, a cikin ruwa na West Nicholson. * Gems Drift, kusa da Beitbridge. * Fulton's Drift, kusa da Beitbridge. == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Zhovhe_spillway.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar zubar da ruwa ta madatsar ruwan Zhovhe, kusa da Beitbridge.]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai manyan madatsun ruwa guda biyu a kan Kogin Mzingwane: * Madatsar ruwan Mzingwane, wanda aka gina a 1962, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 42 MCM (millions cubic meters). Tana kusa da asalin kogin kuma tana ba da ruwa ga birnin [[Bulawayo]]. * Zhovhe Dam, wanda aka gina a 1995, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 136 MCM. Tana kusa da haɗuwa da [[Kogin Limpopo]] kuma tana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa zuwa Beitbridge An gano ƙarin wuraren madatsar ruwa a Glassblock da Oakley Block, amma ba a tsara ci gaba a halin yanzu ba. Ana ci gaba da aikin gina bututun mai daga saman [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Kogin Mtshabezi]] (kada a rikita shi da [[Kogin Umchabezi]]) zuwa Madatsar ruwan Mzingwane. == Manazarta == s7c3b3wlxg42v8yt3aun7q0szhwj0vm 840881 840880 2026-05-28T05:45:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 840881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Kogin Umzingwani,'''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kogin Umzingwane''' ko Kogin Umcingwani, babban gefen hagu ne na [[Kogin Limpopo]] a [[Zimbabwe]] . Ya tashi a kusa da [[Fort Usher]], Gundumar Matobo, kudu da [[Bulawayo]] kuma yana gudana cikin Kogin Limpopo kusa da Beitbridge, a cikin bakin Kogin Shashe da kuma saman bakin Kogin Bubye. == Ilimin ruwa == Kogin Mzingwane wani kogi ne na ɗan lokaci tare da kwarara gabaɗaya ƙuntata ga watanni lokacin da ruwan sama ke faruwa (Nuwamba zuwa Maris), tare da mafi yawan kwararar da aka rubuta tsakanin Disamba da Fabrairu, sai dai inda aka gyara shi ta hanyar ayyukan madatsar ruwa. Kogin yana ba da gudummawa 9.3% na matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Limpopo Basin, yana mai da shi na uku mafi girma ga tafkin Limpopo. Manyan koguna na Mzingwane sun hada da Insiza, Inyankuni, [[Kogin Ncema|Ncema]], [[Kogin Umchabezi|Umchabezi]] (kada a rikita su da [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Mtshabezi]]) da Kogin [[Kogin Mtetengwe|Mtetengwe]]. Ƙananan Kogin Mzingwane tashar cike da yashi ce, tare da manyan ruwa a cikin kogin kogin da kuma ƙasa da filayen alluvial. Kimanin albarkatun ruwa na waɗannan aquifers suna tsakanin 175,000 da 5,430,000 mita (6,200,000 da 191,800,000 a cikin tashoshi kuma tsakanin 80,000 da 6,920,000 cubic mita (2,800,000 da 244,400,000 cu ft). A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wasu daga cikin wadannan aquifers don samar da ruwa don amfani da gida, ban ruwa da dabbobi da tankuna, ban ruwa na kasuwanci da lambu na kasuwa. == Gidaje == An ba da umarnin ƙauyuka da ke ƙasa daga farkon kogin zuwa ƙarshen sa: * Garin Mbalabala * Garin Gwanda * Ƙauyen West Nicholson * Garin Beitbridge yana kusa da kilomita 6 ESE na haɗuwar Kogin Bubye da Limpopo a kan iyaka da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. An kafa shi a cikin 1929. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beitbridge |url=http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/zimbei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106111813/http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/zimbei.html |archive-date=2016-11-06 |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bridges da ƙetare == [[Fayil:Bertie_Knott_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Bertie Knott Bridge a kan Kogin Mzingwane kusa da Beitbridge .]] Akwai manyan gadoji huɗu a kan Kogin Mzingwane: * Bridge a kan babbar hanyar [[Bulawayo]] - Beitbridge, tsakanin Esigodini da Mbalabala, a cikin ruwa na madatsar ruwan Mzingwane. Har ila yau akwai gadar jirgin kasa. * Babbar gada a kan babbar hanyar Mbalabala - [[Masvingo]]. * Bridge a kan babbar hanyar [[Bulawayo]] - Beitbridge a West Nicholson, a cikin ruwa na haɗuwa da Kogin Insiza. Har ila yau akwai gadar jirgin kasa. * Bertie Knott Bridge, a kan hanya daga Beitbridge zuwa Shashe Irrigation Scheme, kusa da bakin. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi da yawa, ciki har da: * Hanyoyi biyu a saman West Nicholson a kan hanyoyin Silalabuhwa da Mosholomoshe. * Doddieburn ford, a cikin ruwa na West Nicholson. * Gems Drift, kusa da Beitbridge. * Fulton's Drift, kusa da Beitbridge. == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Zhovhe_spillway.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar zubar da ruwa ta madatsar ruwan Zhovhe, kusa da Beitbridge.]] Baya ga wasu ƙananan ruwa, akwai manyan madatsun ruwa guda biyu a kan Kogin Mzingwane: * Madatsar ruwan Mzingwane, wanda aka gina a 1962, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 42 MCM (millions cubic meters). Tana kusa da asalin kogin kuma tana ba da ruwa ga birnin [[Bulawayo]]. * Zhovhe Dam, wanda aka gina a 1995, tare da cikakken ƙarfin samar da 136 MCM. Tana kusa da haɗuwa da [[Kogin Limpopo]] kuma tana ba da ruwa don ban ruwa zuwa Beitbridge An gano ƙarin wuraren madatsar ruwa a Glassblock da Oakley Block, amma ba a tsara ci gaba a halin yanzu ba. Ana ci gaba da aikin gina bututun mai daga saman [[Kogin Mtsabezi|Kogin Mtshabezi]] (kada a rikita shi da [[Kogin Umchabezi]]) zuwa Madatsar ruwan Mzingwane. == Manazarta == as4w20q4vuwb0aa528lf1wkvn847zta 0 152475 840882 2026-05-28T05:45:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1162056374|List of water supply and sanitation by country]]" 840882 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan '''jerin samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa''' ta ƙasa suna ba da bayani game da matsayin samar da ruwa le tsaftacewa a ƙasa ko, a wasu lokuta, kuma matakin yanki. == Ruwa da tsaftacewa ta ƙasa == * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Afghanistan * Ruwa da tsabta a Aljeriya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Argentina * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ostiraliya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Bangladesh * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Belgium * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Benin * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Bolivia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Brazil * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Burkina Faso * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Cambodia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Kanada * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Chile * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a kasar Sin * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Colombia * Ruwa da tsabta a Costa Rica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Cuba * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Denmark * Ruwa da tsabta a Jamhuriyar Dominica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ecuador * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Misira * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a El Salvador * Ruwa da tsabta a Ingila * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Habasha * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Faransa * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jamus * [[Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ghana]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Gibraltar * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Girka * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Guatemala * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Guyana * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Haiti * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Honduras * Ruwa da tsabta a Hong Kong * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Indiya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Indonesia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Iran * [[Batutuwan muhalli a Iraki|Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Iraki]] * Ruwa da tsabta a Jamhuriyar Ireland * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Isra'ila * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Italiya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jamaica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Japan * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jordan * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Kenya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Lebanon * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Malaysia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mexico * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Maroko * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mozambique * Ruwa da tsabta a Namibia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a cikin Netherlands * Ruwa da tsabta a New Zealand * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Nicaragua * [[Gudanar Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Najeriya|Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Najeriya]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Pakistan * Ruwa da tsabta a yankunan Palasdinawa * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Panama * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Paraguay * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Peru * Ruwa da tsabta a cikin Philippines * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Portugal * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Rasha * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Rwanda * [[Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Saudi Arabia]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Scotland * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Senegal * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Saliyo * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Singapore * [[Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu|Ruwa da tsabta a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Sudan ta Kudu * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Spain * Ruwa da tsabta a Siriya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Tanzania * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Trinidad da Tobago * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Tunisia * Ruwa da tsabta a Turkiyya * Ruwa da tsabta a Uganda * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ƙasar Ingila * Ruwa da tsabta a Amurka * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Uruguay * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Venezuela * Ruwa da tsabta a Vietnam * Ruwa da tsabta a Wales * Ruwa da tsabta a Yemen * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Zambia * Ruwa da tsabta a Zimbabwe == Jerin yankuna == * Ruwa da tsabta a Tarayyar Turai * Ruwa da tsabta a Latin Amurka * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin nauyin da ke cikin samar da ruwa da tsabta a cikin Latin Amurka da Caribbean == Jerin kula da albarkatun ruwa ta ƙasa == Wannan jerin hanyoyin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa ta ƙasa suna ba da bayani game da matsayin gudanar da albarkatu na ruwa a matakin ƙasa. * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Argentina * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Brazil * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Chile * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Colombia * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Costa Rica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Jamhuriyar Dominica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Misira ta zamani * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a El Salvador * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Guatemala * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Honduras * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Jamaica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Mexico * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Nicaragua * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Pakistan * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Peru * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Siriya * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Uruguay == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar samun ruwa mai tsabta * Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar yawan jama'a ta amfani da ingantaccen tsabtace muhalli * Jerin raguwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsaftacewa * Shafukan da aka fi sani da su tsakanin samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ta ƙasa * WikiProject Sanitation * Ruwa na WikiProject * WikiProject Ruwa da tsaftacewa ta ƙasa * [[Tsabtace Yanayi]] * [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] omyho7rzis65vmmzbrdq1z7qhemv3ek 840883 840882 2026-05-28T05:45:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 840883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan '''jerin samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa''' ta ƙasa suna ba da bayani game da matsayin samar da ruwa le tsaftacewa a ƙasa ko, a wasu lokuta, kuma matakin yanki. == Ruwa da tsaftacewa ta ƙasa == * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Afghanistan * Ruwa da tsabta a Aljeriya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Argentina * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ostiraliya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Bangladesh * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Belgium * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Benin * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Bolivia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Brazil * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Burkina Faso * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Cambodia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Kanada * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Chile * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a kasar Sin * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Colombia * Ruwa da tsabta a Costa Rica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Cuba * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Denmark * Ruwa da tsabta a Jamhuriyar Dominica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ecuador * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Misira * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a El Salvador * Ruwa da tsabta a Ingila * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Habasha * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Faransa * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jamus * [[Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ghana]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Gibraltar * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Girka * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Guatemala * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Guyana * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Haiti * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Honduras * Ruwa da tsabta a Hong Kong * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Indiya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Indonesia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Iran * [[Batutuwan muhalli a Iraki|Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Iraki]] * Ruwa da tsabta a Jamhuriyar Ireland * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Isra'ila * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Italiya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jamaica * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Japan * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Jordan * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Kenya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Lebanon * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Malaysia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mexico * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Maroko * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mozambique * Ruwa da tsabta a Namibia * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a cikin Netherlands * Ruwa da tsabta a New Zealand * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Nicaragua * [[Gudanar Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Najeriya|Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Najeriya]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Pakistan * Ruwa da tsabta a yankunan Palasdinawa * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Panama * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Paraguay * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Peru * Ruwa da tsabta a cikin Philippines * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Portugal * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Rasha * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Rwanda * [[Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Saudi Arabia]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Scotland * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Senegal * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Saliyo * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Singapore * [[Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu|Ruwa da tsabta a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Sudan ta Kudu * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Spain * Ruwa da tsabta a Siriya * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Tanzania * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Trinidad da Tobago * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Tunisia * Ruwa da tsabta a Turkiyya * Ruwa da tsabta a Uganda * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Ƙasar Ingila * Ruwa da tsabta a Amurka * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Uruguay * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Venezuela * Ruwa da tsabta a Vietnam * Ruwa da tsabta a Wales * Ruwa da tsabta a Yemen * Ruwa da tsaftacewa a Zambia * Ruwa da tsabta a Zimbabwe == Jerin yankuna == * Ruwa da tsabta a Tarayyar Turai * Ruwa da tsabta a Latin Amurka * Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin nauyin da ke cikin samar da ruwa da tsabta a cikin Latin Amurka da Caribbean == Jerin kula da albarkatun ruwa ta ƙasa == Wannan jerin hanyoyin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa ta ƙasa suna ba da bayani game da matsayin gudanar da albarkatu na ruwa a matakin ƙasa. * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Argentina * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Brazil * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Chile * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Colombia * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Costa Rica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Jamhuriyar Dominica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Misira ta zamani * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a El Salvador * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Guatemala * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Honduras * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Jamaica * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Mexico * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Nicaragua * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Pakistan * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Peru * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Siriya * Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Uruguay == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar samun ruwa mai tsabta * Jerin ƙasashe ta hanyar yawan jama'a ta amfani da ingantaccen tsabtace muhalli * Jerin raguwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsaftacewa * Shafukan da aka fi sani da su tsakanin samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ta ƙasa * WikiProject Sanitation * Ruwa na WikiProject * WikiProject Ruwa da tsaftacewa ta ƙasa * [[Tsabtace Yanayi]] * [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] jgei72ty3s5951qz1fdovweji3t8441 0 152476 840884 2026-05-28T05:46:01Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350618925|Marromeu Game Reserve]]" 840884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wurin Ajiye Namun Daji na Marromeu''' yanki ne mai kariya na {{Convert|1,500|km2|sqmi}} na [[Filin Ambaliyar|yankin ambaliyar ruwa]] a [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]], yanki ɗaya tilo da ke gefen kogin. Wurin ajiyar yana da manyan filayen kiwo da koguna da rafuka da yawa. Giwar Afirka, hartebeest na Lichtenstein, barewa mai laushi, eland, zebra na burchell, hippopotamus, waterbuck, da reedbuck duk ana samun su a can. Karnukan daji, zakuna, damisa, cheetahs, da kuraye masu tabo duk mafarauta ne. Wurin shakatawa na Marromeu yana aiki tukuru don sake mamaye yankin da barewa bayan yawan jama'arsu ya ragu zuwa 30,000. Daga iyakar wurin ajiyar barewa zuwa tsaunukan Cheringoma maƙwabta, wani yanki na farauta mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 8,252 ya kewaye Marromeu Complex, wanda ya ƙunshi wurin ajiyar musamman na Marromeu mai tsawon murabba'in kilomita 1,500. An keɓe shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1969. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=L. J. |title=Marromeu |url=http://www.mpaglobal.org/index.php?action=showMain&site_code=4649 |access-date=20 June 2012 |website=MPA Global}}</ref> Yana kusa da [[Beira]] . == Tsuntsaye == Nau'o'in tsuntsayen ruwa da dama, ciki har da Pelicans masu launin fari da ruwan hoda, da Storks masu launin rawaya da na Afirka masu buɗewa, da kuma Cormorants masu launin fari, duk suna da wuraren kiwon dabbobi masu yawa a cikin wurin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ƙasar dausayi ta Mozambique tare da mafi yawan tsuntsayen ruwa. Baya ga samar da mafaka ga tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, fadama tana zama wurin kiwon nau'ikan tsuntsayen Wattled Crane guda 120 da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa. Sauran nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke fuskantar barazanar a duniya sun haɗa da crane mai launin toka-toka, stork mai wuyan saddlebill, stork mai wuyan ulu, goliath heron, skimmer na Afirka, pratincole mai fikafikai ja, da kuma tern na caspian. == Samun dama == == Sauyin yanayi == A shekarar 2022, Rahoton Kimantawa na IPCC na Shida ya haɗa da Wurin Ajiye Namun Daji na Marromeu a cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na Afirka waɗanda za su fuskanci barazanar [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] da zaizayar ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarni, amma sai idan [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] ya biyo bayan RCP 8.5, wanda shine yanayin hayakin [[Greenhouse gas|hayaki]] mai yawa da ke ƙaruwa da ke da alaƙa da dumamar yanayi sama da 4.{{Spaces}}°C., kuma ba a sake ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai yiwuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=29 January 2020 |title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading |journal=Nature |volume=577 |issue=7792 |pages=618–20 |bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 |pmid=31996825 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=20 October 2020 |title=RCP8.5 is a problematic scenario for near-term emissions |journal=PNAS |volume=117 |issue=45 |pages=27791–27792 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2017124117 |pmc=7668049 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran yanayi masu yuwuwar haifar da ƙarancin matakan ɗumama jiki da kuma ƙarancin hauhawar matakin teku: duk da haka, matakan teku za su ci gaba da ƙaruwa na tsawon shekaru 10,000 a ƙarƙashin dukkan su. Ko da kuwa ɗumamar yanayi ta iyakance ga 1.5{{Spaces}}°C, ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku a duniya zai wuce {{Convert|2-3|m|ft|0}} bayan shekaru 2000 (kuma matakan ɗumamawa mafi girma za su ga ƙaruwa mai yawa nan da nan), sakamakon haka ya wuce matakan 2100 na hauhawar matakin teku a ƙarƙashin RCP 8.5 (~ {{Convert|0.75|m|ft|0}} tare da kewayon {{Convert|0.5-1|m|ft|0}} ) kafin shekara ta 4000. == Manazarta == bmodnlhtetht5bf1hb63go4j2aj1lh8 840885 840884 2026-05-28T05:46:42Z Engineer014 44591 840885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wurin Ajiye Namun Daji na Marromeu''' yanki ne mai kariya na {{Convert|1,500|km2|sqmi}} na [[Filin Ambaliyar|yankin ambaliyar ruwa]] a [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]], yanki ɗaya tilo da ke gefen kogin. Wurin ajiyar yana da manyan filayen kiwo da koguna da rafuka da yawa. Giwar Afirka, hartebeest na Lichtenstein, barewa mai laushi, eland, zebra na burchell, hippopotamus, waterbuck, da reedbuck duk ana samun su a can. Karnukan daji, zakuna, damisa, cheetahs, da kuraye masu tabo duk mafarauta ne. Wurin shakatawa na Marromeu yana aiki tukuru don sake mamaye yankin da barewa bayan yawan jama'arsu ya ragu zuwa 30,000. Daga iyakar wurin ajiyar barewa zuwa tsaunukan Cheringoma maƙwabta, wani yanki na farauta mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 8,252 ya kewaye Marromeu Complex, wanda ya ƙunshi wurin ajiyar musamman na Marromeu mai tsawon murabba'in kilomita 1,500. An keɓe shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1969. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=L. J. |title=Marromeu |url=http://www.mpaglobal.org/index.php?action=showMain&site_code=4649 |access-date=20 June 2012 |website=MPA Global}}</ref> Yana kusa da [[Beira]] . == Tsuntsaye == Nau'o'in tsuntsayen ruwa da dama, ciki har da Pelicans masu launin fari da ruwan hoda, da Storks masu launin rawaya da na Afirka masu buɗewa, da kuma Cormorants masu launin fari, duk suna da wuraren kiwon dabbobi masu yawa a cikin wurin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ƙasar dausayi ta Mozambique tare da mafi yawan tsuntsayen ruwa. Baya ga samar da mafaka ga tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, fadama tana zama wurin kiwon nau'ikan tsuntsayen Wattled Crane guda 120 da ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa. Sauran nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke fuskantar barazanar a duniya sun haɗa da crane mai launin toka-toka, stork mai wuyan saddlebill, stork mai wuyan ulu, goliath heron, skimmer na Afirka, pratincole mai fikafikai ja, da kuma tern na caspian. == Samun dama == == Sauyin yanayi == A shekarar 2022, Rahoton Kimantawa na IPCC na Shida ya haɗa da Wurin Ajiye Namun Daji na Marromeu a cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na Afirka waɗanda za su fuskanci barazanar [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] da zaizayar ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarni, amma sai idan [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] ya biyo bayan RCP 8.5, wanda shine yanayin hayakin [[Greenhouse gas|hayaki]] mai yawa da ke ƙaruwa da ke da alaƙa da dumamar yanayi sama da 4.{{Spaces}}°C., kuma ba a sake ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai yiwuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=29 January 2020 |title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading |journal=Nature |volume=577 |issue=7792 |pages=618–20 |bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 |pmid=31996825 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=20 October 2020 |title=RCP8.5 is a problematic scenario for near-term emissions |journal=PNAS |volume=117 |issue=45 |pages=27791–27792 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2017124117 |pmc=7668049 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran yanayi masu yuwuwar haifar da ƙarancin matakan ɗumama jiki da kuma ƙarancin hauhawar matakin teku: duk da haka, matakan teku za su ci gaba da ƙaruwa na tsawon shekaru 10,000 a ƙarƙashin dukkan su. Ko da kuwa ɗumamar yanayi ta iyakance ga 1.5{{Spaces}}°C, ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku a duniya zai wuce {{Convert|2-3|m|ft|0}} bayan shekaru 2000 (kuma matakan ɗumamawa mafi girma za su ga ƙaruwa mai yawa nan da nan), sakamakon haka ya wuce matakan 2100 na hauhawar matakin teku a ƙarƙashin RCP 8.5 (~ {{Convert|0.75|m|ft|0}} tare da kewayon {{Convert|0.5-1|m|ft|0}} ) kafin shekara ta 4000. == Manazarta == nyhkew16s3b4bwo4matwgeptyqiusvl 0 152477 840886 2026-05-28T05:46:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295573702|Ngezi River (Midlands)]]" 840886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Ngezi''' wani kogi ne a tsakiyar [[Zimbabwe]] a lardin Midlands . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-10 |title=Zimbabwe warns of flooding following heavy rains |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-warns-of-flooding-following-heavy-rains/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yana da wani tributary na Kogin Sanyati, a cikin [[Kogin Zambezi]] . Yana samar da ruwa ga Tashar wutar lantarki ta Munyati. == Manazarta == ac73vyni70utsr52kco56kv3atdw5x9 840887 840886 2026-05-28T05:47:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 840887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Ngezi''' wani kogi ne a tsakiyar [[Zimbabwe]] a lardin Midlands . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-10 |title=Zimbabwe warns of flooding following heavy rains |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-warns-of-flooding-following-heavy-rains/ |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yana da wani tributary na Kogin Sanyati, a cikin [[Kogin Zambezi]] . Yana samar da ruwa ga Tashar wutar lantarki ta Munyati. == Manazarta == 74f2evdspf0mhd8hfphnefa6lu6o2ym 0 152478 840890 2026-05-28T05:48:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341433671|Ceramic water filter]]" 840890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:CeramicWaterFilter.jpg|right|thumb|Filin ruwa na yumbu na Victorian]] '''Filters na ruwa na [[Kayan Tangaran|yumbu]]''' ('''CWF''') wani nau'i ne mai arha kuma mai tasiri na matattarar ruwa wanda ya dogara da ƙananan girman kayan yumbu don tace datti, tarkace, da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] daga ruwa. Wannan ya sa su dace don amfani a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ceramic Pot Water Filter Purifier Studies |url=http://www.potterswithoutborders.com/category/reference/studies/ |access-date=August 26, 2018 |publisher=Potters Without Borders}}</ref> kuma ana amfani da matattarar yumbu a cikin jakar baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikki Salzman |year=2018 |title=Top 10 Best Backpacking Water Filters of 2018 |url=https://www.theadventurejunkies.com/best-backpacking-water-filter/ |access-date=August 26, 2018 |publisher=The Adventure Junkies}}</ref> == Hanyar aiki == [[Fayil:Ceramic_water_filter.jpg|thumb|Filin ruwa na yumbu wanda ke rarraba ruwa mai tsabta a cikin gilashi.]] Kamar sauran hanyoyin tace ruwa, tace yana cire barbashi mafi girma fiye da girman pores a cikin kayan tacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Ceramic Filtration |url=https://www.cdc.gov/safewater/ceramic-filtration.html |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}</ref> Yawanci ana cire kwayoyin cuta, protozoa, da microbial cysts. Koyaya, matattarar yawanci ba su da tasiri akan [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] tunda suna da ƙananan isa su wuce zuwa gefen "tsabta" na matattarar. Ana iya magance matattarar ruwa na yumbu (CWF) da azurfa a cikin hanyar da ba za ta ɓace ba. Azurfa yana taimakawa wajen kashe ko kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma ya hana ci gaban mold da algae a cikin jikin tace. Gyaran yumbu ba ya cire gurɓataccen [[Abubuwan sunadarai|sinadarai]], ''da kansa''. Koyaya, wasu masana'antun (musamman na filters na kyandir na yumbu) sun haɗa da babban aikin [[carbon]]" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Activated carbon">carbon mai kunnawa a cikin katako na yumbu wanda ke rage gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta da ƙarfe. Carbon mai aiki yana shan mahadi kamar chlorine. Filters tare da carbon mai aiki suna buƙatar maye gurbin lokaci-lokaci saboda carbon ya rufe da kayan kasashen waje. Abubuwa biyu da aka fi sani da matattarar ruwa na yumbu sune matattarar tukunya da na kyandir. === Nau'in tukunya === [[Fayil:RDIC_ceramic_water_filter_pots.jpg|thumb|Filters na yumbu]] Tsarin tacewar yumbu ya kunshi matattarar yumbu mai laushi wanda aka haɗa shi, ko zaune a saman filastik ko yumbu. Ana zuba ruwan da aka gurbata a cikin akwati na sama. Yana wucewa ta hanyar tacewa (ko matattarar matattarar da yawa) a cikin akwati da ke ƙasa. Ƙananan akwati yawanci ana haɗa shi da bututu. Contaminants da suka fi girma fiye da minti na minti na tsarin yumbu za su kasance a saman rabin naúrar. Ana iya tsabtace matattarar ta hanyar goge su da gogewa mai laushi da wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta. Hakanan ana iya amfani da ruwa mai zafi da sabulu. === Nau'in kyandir === A cikin amfani mai tsaye, kyandirori na yumbu suna da fa'idodi na inji, aiki da masana'antu fiye da shigarwa da tukwane masu sauƙi. Ana amfani da kyandirori masu tacewa da kayan kwalliya masu ƙarfi, wanda ke rage yiwuwar gazawar tsabta. Tunda yankin tacewarsu yana da 'yanci daga girman haɗin haɗin haɗe, akwai ƙarancin ɓarkewa fiye da sauran geometries na maye gurbin tacewa, kuma ana iya amfani da gaskets masu tsada, masu inganci. Tun da yake ana kare su ta hanyar akwatin sama, maimakon samar da shi, ba za su iya lalacewa a cikin amfani na yau da kullun ba. Suna da sauƙin tsabtacewa, saboda gefen tsabta yana cikin kyandir. Yankin da ba na tsabta ba yana waje, inda yake da sauƙin tsaftacewa. Sun dace da nau'ikan akwati da aikace-aikace fiye da tukwane masu sauƙi, kuma suna haɗe da rami mai sauƙi a cikin akwati. Hakanan za'a iya maye gurbin su ba tare da maye gurbin dukkan akwatin sama ba, kuma manyan akwatunan zasu iya amfani da karin kyandirori masu tacewa, suna ba da izinin ƙera tacewa don daidaitawa. Idan an sami matattarar a cikin mai amfani da matattarar matattarar, ana iya toshe ramin matattarar. Har ila yau, daidaita matattarar ya sa ya zama tattalin arziki don adana ɗaya ko 'yan matattarar a hannu. === Sauran nau'ikan === Har ila yau, akwai matattarar yumbu, kamar MSR Miniworks, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar famfo na hannu, da matattarar lemun tsami a layi, wanda ke tace ruwan sha wanda ke zuwa ta hanyar famfon gida. Tsabtace waɗannan matattarar daidai yake da matattarar tukunya amma kuma yana ba da damar tsaftacewar baya, inda aka tilasta ruwa mai tsabta ta hanyar matattarar baya, tura duk wani gurbataccen abu daga cikin pores na yumbu. === Kulawa === Babban haɗari ga nasarar duk nau'ikan tacewar yumbu shine fashewar gashi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan an sauke naúrar ko kuma an yi amfani da ita, yanayin lalacewar kayan yumbu na iya ba da damar kyakkyawan, raguwa da ba a gani ba, yana ba da damar gurɓataccen gurɓata ta hanyar tacewa. Ana yin aiki don gyara yumbu / sabulu a lokacin ƙerawa don inganta yanayin da ya lalace da karyewar waɗannan kayan tace ruwa na yumbu. Idan an kawo gefen ruwa "mai tsabta" na membrane na yumbu cikin hulɗa da ruwa mai datti, hannaye, tufafin tsaftacewa, da dai sauransu, to tacewa ba zai yi tasiri ba. Idan irin wannan hulɗa ya faru, ya kamata a tsabtace gefen tacewa sosai kafin a sake amfani da shi. == Ci gaba da faɗaɗawa == [[Fayil:MSABI_Tembo_filter.jpg|thumb|Ginin gyaran ruwa na zamani, wanda MSABI ya ƙera.]] Henry Doulton ya kirkiro nau'in zamani na kyandir mai tsabtace ruwa a cikin 1827. A cikin 1835, Sarauniya Victoria ta ba shi izinin samar da irin wannan na'urar don amfanin kansa. A shekara ta 1846, an san yumbu na Doulton a matsayin babban mai ƙera kayan rigakafi masu inganci don magance ruwa mai kamuwa. A shekara ta 1887, an ba Doulton lambar yabo, a wani bangare saboda aikinsa tare da matattarar ruwa. Binciken Louis Pasteur game da ƙwayoyin cuta ya kuma ba da dalilin da ya dace don tasirin matattarar. Kungiyar Doulton ta asali don matattarar ruwa ta kasance, kodayake an sayar da ita kuma an sake masa suna sau da yawa. "Doulton" a halin yanzu (2013) alama ce ta kasuwanci ta Fairey Ceramics . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Doulton Ceramic Filter |url=http://www.purewatergazette.net/doultonhistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114031311/http://www.purewatergazette.net/doultonhistory.htm |archive-date=2013-01-14 |access-date=2013-03-08 |website=purewatergazette.net}}</ref> Jami'o'i da yawa ciki har da MIT; Jami'o-kashen Colorado; Jami'ar Princeton; Jami'an Jihar Ohio; Jami'on Tulane, West Virginia, North Carolina a Amurka; Jami'in Delft, Strathclyde a Turai, [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]], UNICEF, Jami'ar Zamorano a Honduras, Jami'in Rafael Landívar a Guatemala, Jami'an Duniya, Cibiyar albarkatun Hydraulic, Red Cross, Injiniyoyi Ba tare da iyakoki ba, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙasashe a Afirka kamar Najeriya, Ghana, Burkina Faso, da sauransu suna amfani da yumbu na ci gaban Asiya kamar Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka da sauransu, masu amfani da yaduwa, da yumbu, Sri Lanka na ci gaban Indiya. Fernando Mazariegos na Guatemala shi ne ke da alhakin bunkasa fasahar Filter na Ceramic Pot a 1981 yayin da yake Darakta na Binciken Ruwa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Amurka ta Tsakiya a Guatemala City. Ya kasance Darakta na Bincike da Ci gaba a Ecofiltro a Antigua, Guatemala . Ron Rivera ya yi karatu a karkashin Fernando Mazariegos na Guatemala kuma ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara da kuma mai kirkiro a fagen a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar don ɗaukar matattarar yumbu mai siffar (pot) a fadin iyakokin duniya kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa don samar da ruwan sha mai inganci mai arha. Ron Rivera ya kuma yi aiki tare da Potters for Peace a duk duniya don amfanin ma'aikatan yumɓu a kasashe masu tasowa don ci gaba da kasuwancin su. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nzx93jh8r2tuwnma30lkyn9f8l1zvxf 840891 840890 2026-05-28T05:49:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 840891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:CeramicWaterFilter.jpg|right|thumb|Filin ruwa na yumbu na Victorian]] '''Filters na ruwa na [[Kayan Tangaran|yumbu]]''' ('''CWF''') wani nau'i ne mai arha kuma mai tasiri na matattarar ruwa wanda ya dogara da ƙananan girman kayan yumbu don tace datti, tarkace, da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] daga ruwa. Wannan ya sa su dace don amfani a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ceramic Pot Water Filter Purifier Studies |url=http://www.potterswithoutborders.com/category/reference/studies/ |access-date=August 26, 2018 |publisher=Potters Without Borders}}</ref> kuma ana amfani da matattarar yumbu a cikin jakar baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikki Salzman |year=2018 |title=Top 10 Best Backpacking Water Filters of 2018 |url=https://www.theadventurejunkies.com/best-backpacking-water-filter/ |access-date=August 26, 2018 |publisher=The Adventure Junkies}}</ref> == Hanyar aiki == [[Fayil:Ceramic_water_filter.jpg|thumb|Filin ruwa na yumbu wanda ke rarraba ruwa mai tsabta a cikin gilashi.]] Kamar sauran hanyoyin tace ruwa, tace yana cire barbashi mafi girma fiye da girman pores a cikin kayan tacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Ceramic Filtration |url=https://www.cdc.gov/safewater/ceramic-filtration.html |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}</ref> Yawanci ana cire kwayoyin cuta, protozoa, da microbial cysts. Koyaya, matattarar yawanci ba su da tasiri akan [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] tunda suna da ƙananan isa su wuce zuwa gefen "tsabta" na matattarar. Ana iya magance matattarar ruwa na yumbu (CWF) da azurfa a cikin hanyar da ba za ta ɓace ba. Azurfa yana taimakawa wajen kashe ko kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma ya hana ci gaban mold da algae a cikin jikin tace. Gyaran yumbu ba ya cire gurɓataccen [[Abubuwan sunadarai|sinadarai]], ''da kansa''. Koyaya, wasu masana'antun (musamman na filters na kyandir na yumbu) sun haɗa da babban aikin [[carbon]]" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Activated carbon">carbon mai kunnawa a cikin katako na yumbu wanda ke rage gurɓataccen kwayoyin halitta da ƙarfe. Carbon mai aiki yana shan mahadi kamar chlorine. Filters tare da carbon mai aiki suna buƙatar maye gurbin lokaci-lokaci saboda carbon ya rufe da kayan kasashen waje. Abubuwa biyu da aka fi sani da matattarar ruwa na yumbu sune matattarar tukunya da na kyandir. === Nau'in tukunya === [[Fayil:RDIC_ceramic_water_filter_pots.jpg|thumb|Filters na yumbu]] Tsarin tacewar yumbu ya kunshi matattarar yumbu mai laushi wanda aka haɗa shi, ko zaune a saman filastik ko yumbu. Ana zuba ruwan da aka gurbata a cikin akwati na sama. Yana wucewa ta hanyar tacewa (ko matattarar matattarar da yawa) a cikin akwati da ke ƙasa. Ƙananan akwati yawanci ana haɗa shi da bututu. Contaminants da suka fi girma fiye da minti na minti na tsarin yumbu za su kasance a saman rabin naúrar. Ana iya tsabtace matattarar ta hanyar goge su da gogewa mai laushi da wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta. Hakanan ana iya amfani da ruwa mai zafi da sabulu. === Nau'in kyandir === A cikin amfani mai tsaye, kyandirori na yumbu suna da fa'idodi na inji, aiki da masana'antu fiye da shigarwa da tukwane masu sauƙi. Ana amfani da kyandirori masu tacewa da kayan kwalliya masu ƙarfi, wanda ke rage yiwuwar gazawar tsabta. Tunda yankin tacewarsu yana da 'yanci daga girman haɗin haɗin haɗe, akwai ƙarancin ɓarkewa fiye da sauran geometries na maye gurbin tacewa, kuma ana iya amfani da gaskets masu tsada, masu inganci. Tun da yake ana kare su ta hanyar akwatin sama, maimakon samar da shi, ba za su iya lalacewa a cikin amfani na yau da kullun ba. Suna da sauƙin tsabtacewa, saboda gefen tsabta yana cikin kyandir. Yankin da ba na tsabta ba yana waje, inda yake da sauƙin tsaftacewa. Sun dace da nau'ikan akwati da aikace-aikace fiye da tukwane masu sauƙi, kuma suna haɗe da rami mai sauƙi a cikin akwati. Hakanan za'a iya maye gurbin su ba tare da maye gurbin dukkan akwatin sama ba, kuma manyan akwatunan zasu iya amfani da karin kyandirori masu tacewa, suna ba da izinin ƙera tacewa don daidaitawa. Idan an sami matattarar a cikin mai amfani da matattarar matattarar, ana iya toshe ramin matattarar. Har ila yau, daidaita matattarar ya sa ya zama tattalin arziki don adana ɗaya ko 'yan matattarar a hannu. === Sauran nau'ikan === Har ila yau, akwai matattarar yumbu, kamar MSR Miniworks, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar famfo na hannu, da matattarar lemun tsami a layi, wanda ke tace ruwan sha wanda ke zuwa ta hanyar famfon gida. Tsabtace waɗannan matattarar daidai yake da matattarar tukunya amma kuma yana ba da damar tsaftacewar baya, inda aka tilasta ruwa mai tsabta ta hanyar matattarar baya, tura duk wani gurbataccen abu daga cikin pores na yumbu. === Kulawa === Babban haɗari ga nasarar duk nau'ikan tacewar yumbu shine fashewar gashi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan an sauke naúrar ko kuma an yi amfani da ita, yanayin lalacewar kayan yumbu na iya ba da damar kyakkyawan, raguwa da ba a gani ba, yana ba da damar gurɓataccen gurɓata ta hanyar tacewa. Ana yin aiki don gyara yumbu / sabulu a lokacin ƙerawa don inganta yanayin da ya lalace da karyewar waɗannan kayan tace ruwa na yumbu. Idan an kawo gefen ruwa "mai tsabta" na membrane na yumbu cikin hulɗa da ruwa mai datti, hannaye, tufafin tsaftacewa, da dai sauransu, to tacewa ba zai yi tasiri ba. Idan irin wannan hulɗa ya faru, ya kamata a tsabtace gefen tacewa sosai kafin a sake amfani da shi. == Ci gaba da faɗaɗawa == [[Fayil:MSABI_Tembo_filter.jpg|thumb|Ginin gyaran ruwa na zamani, wanda MSABI ya ƙera.]] Henry Doulton ya kirkiro nau'in zamani na kyandir mai tsabtace ruwa a cikin 1827. A cikin 1835, Sarauniya Victoria ta ba shi izinin samar da irin wannan na'urar don amfanin kansa. A shekara ta 1846, an san yumbu na Doulton a matsayin babban mai ƙera kayan rigakafi masu inganci don magance ruwa mai kamuwa. A shekara ta 1887, an ba Doulton lambar yabo, a wani bangare saboda aikinsa tare da matattarar ruwa. Binciken Louis Pasteur game da ƙwayoyin cuta ya kuma ba da dalilin da ya dace don tasirin matattarar. Kungiyar Doulton ta asali don matattarar ruwa ta kasance, kodayake an sayar da ita kuma an sake masa suna sau da yawa. "Doulton" a halin yanzu (2013) alama ce ta kasuwanci ta Fairey Ceramics . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Doulton Ceramic Filter |url=http://www.purewatergazette.net/doultonhistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114031311/http://www.purewatergazette.net/doultonhistory.htm |archive-date=2013-01-14 |access-date=2013-03-08 |website=purewatergazette.net}}</ref> Jami'o'i da yawa ciki har da MIT; Jami'o-kashen Colorado; Jami'ar Princeton; Jami'an Jihar Ohio; Jami'on Tulane, West Virginia, North Carolina a Amurka; Jami'in Delft, Strathclyde a Turai, [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]], UNICEF, Jami'ar Zamorano a Honduras, Jami'in Rafael Landívar a Guatemala, Jami'an Duniya, Cibiyar albarkatun Hydraulic, Red Cross, Injiniyoyi Ba tare da iyakoki ba, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙasashe a Afirka kamar Najeriya, Ghana, Burkina Faso, da sauransu suna amfani da yumbu na ci gaban Asiya kamar Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka da sauransu, masu amfani da yaduwa, da yumbu, Sri Lanka na ci gaban Indiya. Fernando Mazariegos na Guatemala shi ne ke da alhakin bunkasa fasahar Filter na Ceramic Pot a 1981 yayin da yake Darakta na Binciken Ruwa a Cibiyar Bincike ta Amurka ta Tsakiya a Guatemala City. Ya kasance Darakta na Bincike da Ci gaba a Ecofiltro a Antigua, Guatemala . Ron Rivera ya yi karatu a karkashin Fernando Mazariegos na Guatemala kuma ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara da kuma mai kirkiro a fagen a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar don ɗaukar matattarar yumbu mai siffar (pot) a fadin iyakokin duniya kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa don samar da ruwan sha mai inganci mai arha. Ron Rivera ya kuma yi aiki tare da Potters for Peace a duk duniya don amfanin ma'aikatan yumɓu a kasashe masu tasowa don ci gaba da kasuwancin su. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hwqeq2igyawvzfhyzmdpiolakozpx3j 0 152479 840892 2026-05-28T05:50:13Z Engineer014 44591 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327308393|Eiseb]]" 840892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eiseb''', wanda kuma '''shine Eiseb Block''', wani yanki ne da ke yankin Omaheke na Namibia. An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Eiseb River|Kogin Eiseb]], wani [[Korama|kogi mai tsawon lokaci]] ( ''omuramba'' ) a cikin [[Hamadar Kalahari]] . Eiseb yana kan titin Gundumar D1635 {{Circa}} {{Convert|350|km}} arewa maso gabashin [[Tallismanus]] kuma tana cikin mazabar zaɓen Otjombinde . An kafa matsugunin a shekarar 1992 a matsayin wurin da 'yan gudun hijirar Ovambanderu da Ovaherero da suka dawo daga [[Botswana]] za su iya zama. Tun daga shekarar 1994, Ovambanderu da Ovaherero daga wasu yankuna da aka tanada, kamar Epukiro, Otjinene da Otjombinde sun ƙaura kuma sun kasance mafi yawan mazauna {{As of|2018}} , suna samun abin rayuwa daga noman abinci. == Kogin Eiseb-Epukiro == Yankin da ke tsakanin Eiseb da Epukiro yana ɗaya daga cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kwano-kwano]] goma sha ɗaya a Namibia. Yana da jimillar faɗin {{Convert|10665|km2}} kuma tana iyaka da [[Botswana]] a gabas, tana kaiwa kudu har zuwa Gobabis, kuma tana rufe sassan Yankin Omaheke da Otjozondjupa . Jimlar yawan ruwan da ake samu a kowace shekara na kwarin shine {{Convert|20|e6m3}} , galibi [[Ruwa na kasa|ruwan ƙasa]] . == Manazarta == 4ygw79emofmf3tdqvcl6i8dble7zefj 840894 840892 2026-05-28T05:50:45Z Engineer014 44591 840894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eiseb''', wanda kuma '''shine Eiseb Block''', wani yanki ne da ke yankin Omaheke na Namibia. An sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Eiseb River|Kogin Eiseb]], wani [[Korama|kogi mai tsawon lokaci]] ( ''omuramba'' ) a cikin [[Hamadar Kalahari]] . Eiseb yana kan titin Gundumar D1635 {{Circa}} {{Convert|350|km}} arewa maso gabashin [[Tallismanus]] kuma tana cikin mazabar zaɓen Otjombinde . An kafa matsugunin a shekarar 1992 a matsayin wurin da 'yan gudun hijirar Ovambanderu da Ovaherero da suka dawo daga [[Botswana]] za su iya zama. Tun daga shekarar 1994, Ovambanderu da Ovaherero daga wasu yankuna da aka tanada, kamar Epukiro, Otjinene da Otjombinde sun ƙaura kuma sun kasance mafi yawan mazauna {{As of|2018}} , suna samun abin rayuwa daga noman abinci. == Kogin Eiseb-Epukiro == Yankin da ke tsakanin Eiseb da Epukiro yana ɗaya daga cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kwano-kwano]] goma sha ɗaya a Namibia. Yana da jimillar faɗin {{Convert|10665|km2}} kuma tana iyaka da [[Botswana]] a gabas, tana kaiwa kudu har zuwa Gobabis, kuma tana rufe sassan Yankin Omaheke da Otjozondjupa . Jimlar yawan ruwan da ake samu a kowace shekara na kwarin shine {{Convert|20|e6m3}} , galibi [[Ruwa na kasa|ruwan ƙasa]] . == Manazarta == 3r4nv368kj7w4zoi6w50pox8sn98lwu 0 152480 840893 2026-05-28T05:50:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343558909|Water supply and sanitation in the European Union]]" 840893 wikitext text/x-wiki Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli (WSS) alhakin kowace ƙasa mamba ce ta [[Tarayyar Turai]] (EU), amma a ƙarni na 21 manufofin ƙungiyar gamayya sun fara aiki. Albarkatun ruwa suna da iyaka kuma tsarin samar da kayayyaki da tsafta suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga ci gaban birane da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]]. Hakika, akwai babban ƙalubale yayin da Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai ta gano cewa ɗaya daga cikin Bature ɗaya cikin goma ya riga ya fuskanci matsalar ƙarancin ruwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Water use and environmental pressures – European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/water-use-and-environmental-pressures |website=eea.europa.eu}}</ref> kuma IEA ta auna yawan amfani da makamashin ɓangaren ruwa da kashi 3.5% na amfani da wutar lantarki na EU. <ref name="iea.org">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.iea.org}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2024, Tarayyar Turai ta sabunta tsarin tsarin ta sosai tare da karɓar Dokar (EU) 2024/3019. Wannan "karkatarwa" na majalisa ya haɗa gudanar da ruwa tare da manyan manufofin tsaka-tsaki na EU. Ci gaba yanzu doka ce ta doka. Umurnin yana buƙatar bangaren ruwa mai guba ya kai ga tsaka-tsaki na makamashi a shekara ta 2045, yadda ya kamata ya canza tsire-tsire masu magani zuwa masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar narkewar anaerobic da dawo da iskar gas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L_202403019FR.000101.fmx.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/3019/oj/eng |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> == Jagora == Manufofin ruwa na EU an tsara su ne a cikin umarni masu zuwa: * Umurnin Ruwa na Wutar Wutar Wuta (76/160/EEC) na 1976 ya maye gurbin umarnin 2006/7/EC; * Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (91/271/EEC) na 21 ga Mayu 1991 game da fitar da ruwa na gari da wasu ruwan sharar masana'antu; * Umurnin Tsarin Ruwa (2000/60/EC) na 23 ga Oktoba 2000 game da kula da [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]]; * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2020/2184/oj Umurnin Ruwa Mai Shanwa (2020/2184)] na 16 ga Disamba 2020 game da ingancin ruwan da aka nufa don amfani da mutum (ƙaddamar da gyare-gyare 98/83/EC). * Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (EU) 2024/3019 na 27 Nuwamba 2024 (Recast), wannan dokar ta fadada ka'idojin 1991 don haɗawa da ƙananan ƙauyuka kuma ta gabatar da matakan magani na tilas don gurɓataccen sinadarai da kwayoyin halitta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L_202403019FR.000101.fmx.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/3019/oj/eng |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> Kasashen membobin EU sun kafa dokokin ƙasa daidai da waɗannan umarni. Tsarin ma'aikata na samar da ruwa da tsabtace jama'a ba ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon EU, amma ya kasance ikon kowace ƙasa memba. == Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Birane na 1991 == Umurnin Majalisar kan Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 1991 |title=EUR-Lex – 31991L0271 – EN |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0271:EN:NOT |access-date=2011-12-05 |publisher=Eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> ya shafi tattarawa, magani da fitar da ruwan sharar gida na birane da kuma magani da fitarwa da ruwan shayarwa daga wasu bangarorin masana'antu. Manufarta ita ce kare muhalli daga duk wani mummunan sakamako saboda fitar da irin wannan ruwa. Dangane da jadawalin umarnin: * ta 31 ga Disamba 1998: duk ƙauyuka na fiye da 10 000 yawan jama'a (PE) waɗanda ke fitar da ruwa a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani mai kyau wanda ke buƙatar saduwa da ƙa'idodin inganci mafi tsauri, yawanci ana kiransa magani na uku (Art. 5); * ta 31 ga Disamba 2000: ƙauyuka na fiye da 15 000 p.e. a waje da yankuna masu mahimmanci dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani wanda ke ba su damar gamsar da buƙatun da ba su da ƙarfi, yawanci ana kiransu magani na biyu (Art. 4); * ta 31 ga Disamba 2005: duk ƙauyuka tsakanin 2 000 da 10 000 PE. wanda ke fitar da ruwa a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci, kuma duk ƙauyuka na tsakanin 2 000 da 15 000 p.e. waɗanda ba sa fitarwa cikin irin waɗannan yankuna dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani (Art. 3). <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2007 |title=Summaries of EU Legislation: Urban waste water treatment |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/water_protection_management/l28008_en.htm |access-date=2009-07-18 |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> === Tsarin sake dubawa === Hukumar Tarayyar Turai a halin yanzu tana fuskantar shawarwari game da Dokokin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci. Kamar yadda aka karɓi umarnin a cikin 1991, ƙalubalensa zai kasance don haɗa alkawuran da aka ɗauka tare da [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] yayin da sashin tsabtace ruwa ya cinye kashi 1% na jimlar amfani da makamashi na duniya.<ref name="iea.org">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.iea.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''www.iea.org''. Archived from [https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([[:Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]]</ref> A karkashin kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba, ana sa ran wannan adadi zai karu da kashi 60% nan da shekara ta 2040 idan aka kwatanta da 2014. Tare da gabatar da buƙatun ingancin makamashi, ana iya rage amfani da makamashi na sashin tsabtace ruwa da kashi 50% kawai ta hanyar amfani da fasahar yanzu. A saman wannan, akwai kuma damar samar da isasshen makamashi daga ruwa mai guba don juya dukkan bangaren ruwa na makamashi. Yana amfani da makamashi da aka saka a cikin laka ta hanyar samar da iskar gas ta hanyar narkewar anaerobic. Wadannan fasalulluka galibi an yi watsi da su saboda babban burin masu amfani don biyan bukatun da ke akwai da na gaba don maganin ruwa. A cikin Tarayyar Turai, 0.8% na jimlar amfani da makamashi yana zuwa wuraren kula da ruwa mai guba.<ref name=":682">{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban waste water treatment in Europe — European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/urban-waste-water-treatment/urban-waste-water-treatment-assessment-5 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.eea.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == i4oqg6v1qzoxwhxf2lqebomronch8gr 840895 840893 2026-05-28T05:50:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli''' (WSS) alhakin kowace ƙasa mamba ce ta [[Tarayyar Turai]] (EU), amma a ƙarni na 21 manufofin ƙungiyar gamayya sun fara aiki. Albarkatun ruwa suna da iyaka kuma tsarin samar da kayayyaki da tsafta suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga ci gaban birane da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]]. Hakika, akwai babban ƙalubale yayin da Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai ta gano cewa ɗaya daga cikin Bature ɗaya cikin goma ya riga ya fuskanci matsalar ƙarancin ruwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Water use and environmental pressures – European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/water-use-and-environmental-pressures/water-use-and-environmental-pressures |website=eea.europa.eu}}</ref> kuma IEA ta auna yawan amfani da makamashin ɓangaren ruwa da kashi 3.5% na amfani da wutar lantarki na EU. <ref name="iea.org">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.iea.org}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2024, Tarayyar Turai ta sabunta tsarin tsarin ta sosai tare da karɓar Dokar (EU) 2024/3019. Wannan "karkatarwa" na majalisa ya haɗa gudanar da ruwa tare da manyan manufofin tsaka-tsaki na EU. Ci gaba yanzu doka ce ta doka. Umurnin yana buƙatar bangaren ruwa mai guba ya kai ga tsaka-tsaki na makamashi a shekara ta 2045, yadda ya kamata ya canza tsire-tsire masu magani zuwa masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar narkewar anaerobic da dawo da iskar gas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L_202403019FR.000101.fmx.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/3019/oj/eng |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> == Jagora == Manufofin ruwa na EU an tsara su ne a cikin umarni masu zuwa: * Umurnin Ruwa na Wutar Wutar Wuta (76/160/EEC) na 1976 ya maye gurbin umarnin 2006/7/EC; * Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (91/271/EEC) na 21 ga Mayu 1991 game da fitar da ruwa na gari da wasu ruwan sharar masana'antu; * Umurnin Tsarin Ruwa (2000/60/EC) na 23 ga Oktoba 2000 game da kula da [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]]; * [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2020/2184/oj Umurnin Ruwa Mai Shanwa (2020/2184)] na 16 ga Disamba 2020 game da ingancin ruwan da aka nufa don amfani da mutum (ƙaddamar da gyare-gyare 98/83/EC). * Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci (EU) 2024/3019 na 27 Nuwamba 2024 (Recast), wannan dokar ta fadada ka'idojin 1991 don haɗawa da ƙananan ƙauyuka kuma ta gabatar da matakan magani na tilas don gurɓataccen sinadarai da kwayoyin halitta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=L_202403019FR.000101.fmx.xml |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/3019/oj/eng |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> Kasashen membobin EU sun kafa dokokin ƙasa daidai da waɗannan umarni. Tsarin ma'aikata na samar da ruwa da tsabtace jama'a ba ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon EU, amma ya kasance ikon kowace ƙasa memba. == Umurnin Magungunan Ruwa na Birane na 1991 == Umurnin Majalisar kan Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 1991 |title=EUR-Lex – 31991L0271 – EN |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0271:EN:NOT |access-date=2011-12-05 |publisher=Eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> ya shafi tattarawa, magani da fitar da ruwan sharar gida na birane da kuma magani da fitarwa da ruwan shayarwa daga wasu bangarorin masana'antu. Manufarta ita ce kare muhalli daga duk wani mummunan sakamako saboda fitar da irin wannan ruwa. Dangane da jadawalin umarnin: * ta 31 ga Disamba 1998: duk ƙauyuka na fiye da 10 000 yawan jama'a (PE) waɗanda ke fitar da ruwa a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani mai kyau wanda ke buƙatar saduwa da ƙa'idodin inganci mafi tsauri, yawanci ana kiransa magani na uku (Art. 5); * ta 31 ga Disamba 2000: ƙauyuka na fiye da 15 000 p.e. a waje da yankuna masu mahimmanci dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani wanda ke ba su damar gamsar da buƙatun da ba su da ƙarfi, yawanci ana kiransu magani na biyu (Art. 4); * ta 31 ga Disamba 2005: duk ƙauyuka tsakanin 2 000 da 10 000 PE. wanda ke fitar da ruwa a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci, kuma duk ƙauyuka na tsakanin 2 000 da 15 000 p.e. waɗanda ba sa fitarwa cikin irin waɗannan yankuna dole ne su sami tsarin tattarawa da magani (Art. 3). <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2007 |title=Summaries of EU Legislation: Urban waste water treatment |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/water_protection_management/l28008_en.htm |access-date=2009-07-18 |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> === Tsarin sake dubawa === Hukumar Tarayyar Turai a halin yanzu tana fuskantar shawarwari game da Dokokin Magungunan Ruwa na Kasuwanci. Kamar yadda aka karɓi umarnin a cikin 1991, ƙalubalensa zai kasance don haɗa alkawuran da aka ɗauka tare da [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] yayin da sashin tsabtace ruwa ya cinye kashi 1% na jimlar amfani da makamashi na duniya.<ref name="iea.org">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=www.iea.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173936/https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''www.iea.org''. Archived from [https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlook2016ExcerptWaterEnergyNexus.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([[:Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]]</ref> A karkashin kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba, ana sa ran wannan adadi zai karu da kashi 60% nan da shekara ta 2040 idan aka kwatanta da 2014. Tare da gabatar da buƙatun ingancin makamashi, ana iya rage amfani da makamashi na sashin tsabtace ruwa da kashi 50% kawai ta hanyar amfani da fasahar yanzu. A saman wannan, akwai kuma damar samar da isasshen makamashi daga ruwa mai guba don juya dukkan bangaren ruwa na makamashi. Yana amfani da makamashi da aka saka a cikin laka ta hanyar samar da iskar gas ta hanyar narkewar anaerobic. Wadannan fasalulluka galibi an yi watsi da su saboda babban burin masu amfani don biyan bukatun da ke akwai da na gaba don maganin ruwa. A cikin Tarayyar Turai, 0.8% na jimlar amfani da makamashi yana zuwa wuraren kula da ruwa mai guba.<ref name=":682">{{Cite web |title=Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban waste water treatment in Europe — European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/urban-waste-water-treatment/urban-waste-water-treatment-assessment-5 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.eea.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3pqc3bqcivsljiaxxj6cedsr605zpq7 0 152481 840896 2026-05-28T05:52:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350007177|Failures of water supply and sanitation systems]]" 840896 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Destroyed_water_and_sewer_pipes_by_elephants_in_Kariba_(6910364259).jpg|thumb|Ruwan ruwa da aka lalata a Kariba, Zimbabwe]] Rashin samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsarin tsaftacewa ya bayyana yanayin da aka sanya tsarin samar da ruwa le tsaftacewa (wanda ake kira tsarin WASH) (alal misali ta gwamnati ko kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs) amma sun kasa cimma sakamakon da ake tsammani. Ƙananan saitunan albarkatu sun warwatse tare da kayan tarihi na ayyukan WASH - sun haɗa da tankuna, bututun ruwa, bayan gida da bututu - daga lokacin da aka fi la'akari da WASH a matsayin matsala ta ababen more rayuwa, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Neely |first=Kate |last2=Valcourt |first2=Nicholas |date=January 2024 |title=Review of systems thinking in rural WASH programming and research |journal=Cambridge Prisms: Water |language=en |volume=2 |bibcode=2024CPWat...2E..12N |doi=10.1017/wat.2024.12 |issn=2755-1776 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadannan gazawar ba wai kawai suna wakiltar asarar saka hannun jari na masu ba da gudummawa da albarkatun membobin al'umma ba, halittarsu ta ci gaba, tare da rashin aiki na tsarin ruwa wanda ya rage a kashi 30%-40%.<ref name=":11" /> Wannan matakin gazawar yana wakiltar jimlar saka hannun jari tsakanin USD 1.2 da USD 1.5 biliyan a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata (kamar na 2010). Wadannan gazawar sau da yawa saboda rashin shiri, rashin zabi na fasahar da ta dace dangane da mahallin, rashin isasshen shiga cikin Mai ruwa da tsaki a matakai daban-daban na aikin, da / ko rashin kulawa. Wasu suna jayayya cewa saboda wani bangare ne saboda rashin lissafi ga waɗannan gazawar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accountability in WASH: Explaining the concept |url=https://www.unicef.org/documents/accountability-wash-explaining-concept |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224095714/https://www.unicef.org/documents/accountability-wash-explaining-concept |archive-date=2024-02-24 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Duk da yake Canjin Halin Lafiya yana da mahimmanci wajen cimma fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na ingantaccen tsarin WASH, nasarar dorewar ababen more rayuwa na WASH ya dogara da kirkirar buƙatun ayyukan tsabta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abellán |first=Javier |last2=Alonso |first2=José Antonio |date=2022 |title=Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358066020 |journal=Water Resources and Economics |language=en |volume=38 |issue= |bibcode=2022WRE....3800194A |doi=10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194 |s2cid=246261266 |doi-access=}}</ref> Taswirar gwamnati ta kasa da kuma sa ido kan ayyukan da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko masu bincike suka yi, sun gano gazawar tsarin samar da ruwa (wanda aka fi sani da wuraren ruwa, [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]], ramuka, ko makamancin haka) da tsarin tsabta (wani ɓangare na tsarin tsabta shine bayan gida). Sashe masu zuwa suna ba da misalai na waɗancan gazawar da aka tsara ta ƙasa. == Ingantaccen Tushen Ba ya tabbatar da Ingancin Ruwa == Binciken binciken 319 da ke bayar da rahoto game da ingancin samfurori na ruwa 96,737 ya gano cewa gabaɗaya, damar gurɓata ta kasance ƙasa da ƙasa don " ingantaccen" tushe fiye da "ba a inganta" tushe.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Bain |first=Robert |last2=Cronk |first2=Ryan |last3=Wright |first3=Jim |last4=Yang |first4=Hong |last5=Slaymaker |first5=Tom |last6=Bartram |first6=Jamie |date=2014-05-06 |title=Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=PLOS Medicine |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001644 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=4011876 |pmid=24800926 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 38% na binciken 191, sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na samfurori daga ingantaccen tushe sun ƙunshi gurɓataccen hanci.<ref name=":8" /> Musamman, samfurori daga rijiyoyin da aka tono sau da yawa suna dauke da gurɓataccen datti.<ref name=":8" /> Masu binciken sun kuma gano cewa hanyoyin ruwa a kasashe masu karamin karfi da yankunan karkara sun fi kamuwa da cuta.<ref name=":8" /> Wadannan masu bincike sun kammala cewa samun damar "maɓuɓɓugar da ta inganta" ba ta tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba shi da gurɓataccen guba.<ref name=":8" /> "Kimanin kasa da kasa saboda haka ya wuce gona da iri amfani da ruwan sha mai aminci kuma ba ya nuna bambancin samun dama. "<ref name=":8" /> Misali, samfurin ƙasa na wuraren ruwan sha a Habasha ya gano cewa kashi 28% ba su dace da darajar jagorar WHO don gurɓataccen datti ko kuma ma'aunin ruwan sha na Habasha ES 261:2001.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DRINKINGWATER QUALITY IN THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA |url=https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Tadesse-2010-Rapid.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112204000/https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Tadesse-2010-Rapid.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-12 |access-date=2024-11-12}}</ref> Rashin bin doka ya kasance daga 57% don maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai kariya zuwa 12% don kayan aiki.<ref name=":9" /> A cikin gidaje 135 na Uganda, kashi 86% na samfurori masu tsabta na farko sun ƙunshi E. coli bayan awanni 24 na ajiya a cikin jerrycans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gärtner |first=Nicola |last2=Germann |first2=Laura |last3=Wanyama |first3=Kennedy |last4=Ouma |first4=Henry |last5=Meierhofer |first5=Regula |date=2021-01-01 |title=Keeping water from kiosks clean: Strategies for reducing recontamination during transport and storage in Eastern Uganda |journal=Water Research X |volume=10 |bibcode=2021WRX....1000079G |doi=10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100079 |issn=2589-9147 |pmc=7750645 |pmid=33364593}}</ref> == Kulawa == Wasu gwamnatocin ƙasa da na gida suna sa ido kan ayyukan ruwa a kai a kai. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine Sistema de Información de Agua y Saneamiento Rural (Rural Water and Sanitation Information System) <ref>{{Cite web |title=SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DE AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO RURAL |url=http://siasar.org/sistema/login.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710182929/http://siasar.org/sistema/login.php |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=SIASAR |publisher=Governments of Panamá, Honduras and Nicaragua |ref=SIASAR}}</ref> tsarin saka idanu a Honduras da Nicaragua. == Rashin tsarin samar da ruwa == === Afghanistan === * 36% na famfo 24,504 an gano ba su aiki a cikin 2013-2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Foster |first=Tim |last2=Furey |first2=Sean |last3=Banks |first3=Brian |last4=Willetts |first4=Juliet |author-link4=Juliet Willetts |date=2020-09-02 |title=Functionality of handpump water supplies: a review of data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2018.1543117 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |language=en |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=855–869 |bibcode=2020IJWRD..36..855F |doi=10.1080/07900627.2018.1543117 |issn=0790-0627 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * A lokacin wani webinar WaterAid-IRC-RWSN a cikin 2011, Leendert Vijselaar na DACAAR ya ce 35% na wuraren ruwa 30,182 da aka bincika ba su da aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijselaar |first=Leendert |last2=Clark |first2=Keryn |last3=Rivera |first3=Javier |last4=Estrada |first4=Eric |date=29 October 2014 |title=National monitoring of Rural Water Supplies |url=https://vimeo.com/110350294 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Vimeo |publisher=WaterAid-IRC-RWSN}}</ref> * A cikin ƙasa, kashi 45% na tsarin samar da ruwa a makarantun jama'a suna buƙatar gyare-gyare ko maye gurbin su (2010). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=State-of-the-art in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka WASH for School Children Provisional Draft |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/UNICEF_WASH_for_School_Children_South_Asia_Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090415/http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/UNICEF_WASH_for_School_Children_South_Asia_Report.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=7 August 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> === [[Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a yankin Sahara na Afirka|Afirka / Afirka ta Kudu]] === * Binciken 2013 na ayyukan tallafin Tarayyar Turai 23 a cikin ƙasashe shida na yankin Sahara ya gano: Gabaɗaya, an shigar da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka tsara kuma suna aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da rabin ayyukan da aka bincika sun ba da sakamakon da ya dace da bukatun masu cin gajiyar. Duk da yake ayyukan da aka bincika sun kasance masu ɗorewa a cikin sharuddan fasaha, ga mafi yawan ayyukan, sakamakon da fa'idodi ba za su ci gaba da gudana a cikin matsakaici da na dogon lokaci ba sai dai idan an tabbatar da kudaden shiga ba tare da haraji ba; ko kuma saboda raunin ma'aikata (rashin ƙarfi ta masu aiki don gudanar da kayan aikin da aka shigar). ** Gabaɗaya, an shigar da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka tsara kuma suna cikin aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da rabin ayyukan da aka bincika sun ba da sakamakon da ya dace da bukatun masu cin gajiyar. ** Duk da yake ayyukan da aka bincika sun kasance masu ɗorewa a cikin sharuddan fasaha, ga mafi yawan ayyukan, sakamakon da fa'idodi ba za su ci gaba da gudana a cikin matsakaici da na dogon lokaci ba sai dai idan an tabbatar da kudaden shiga ba tare da haraji ba; ko kuma saboda raunin ma'aikata (rashin ƙarfi ta masu aiki don gudanar da kayan aikin da aka shigar). * Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka Laura Bush ta sanar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gidauniyar Case a kan PlayPump PlayPump, wanda shahararrun mutane da Uwargwadon Shugaban Amurka Laura bush da tsohon Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by Mrs. Bush at the PlayPump Launch (Text Only) |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/06/text/20070628.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref> suka fadi daga tagomashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRONTLINE/WORLD . Dispatches . Editors' Notes . PlayPump Project Receives Major U.S. Funding |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/blog/2006/09/playpump_projec.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref> Mutane da yawa ba a shigar da su ba. Masu sukar sun haɗa da cewa yana da tsada sosai, yana da wuyar kulawa, kuma yana amfani da aikin yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Molly |date=2010-07-24 |title=PlayPump not a Panacea for Africa's Water Problems |url=https://www.circleofblue.org/2010/world/playpump-not-a-panacea-for-africas-water-problems/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Circle of Blue |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani rahoto na UNICEF ya kira aikin kungiyar da fasaha ke jagoranta kuma ya ba da shawarar yin aiki da al'umma da nuna gaskiya game da amfani da kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brocklehurst |first=Clarissa |date=2007-10-01 |title=An Evaluation of the PlayPump® Water System as an Appropriate Technology for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programmes |url=https://www-tc.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/southernafrica904/flash/pdf/unicef_pp_report.pdf |access-date=2025-02-27}}</ref> * RWSN (Rural Water Supply Network) ya kiyasta a cikin 2010 cewa kawai biyu daga cikin uku na hannu suna aiki a kowane lokaci. * Adadin da RWSN ta tattara a cikin 2007 ya nuna matsakaicin kashi 36% ba tare da aiki ba don famfo na hannu a cikin ƙasashe 21. Wannan matakin gazawar yana wakiltar jimlar saka hannun jari tsakanin dala biliyan 1.2 da dala biliyan 1.5 a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. * Kusan kashi 40% na famfo na hannu na yankin Sahara ba sa aiki a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=Sally |date=2005 |title=The sub-Saharan potential for household level water supply improvement |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/31/Sutton.pdf |access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> * Sutton (2004) ya tattara bayanai game da rashin aiki ga ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |date=2004 |title=Preliminary Desk Study of Potential for Self Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/264 |access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> qdb9boy8awm20mwdtavys6q9rkm6iod 840897 840896 2026-05-28T05:52:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Destroyed_water_and_sewer_pipes_by_elephants_in_Kariba_(6910364259).jpg|thumb|Ruwan ruwa da aka lalata a Kariba, Zimbabwe]] Rashin samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsarin tsaftacewa ya bayyana yanayin da aka sanya tsarin samar da ruwa le tsaftacewa (wanda ake kira tsarin WASH) (alal misali ta gwamnati ko kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs) amma sun kasa cimma sakamakon da ake tsammani. Ƙananan saitunan albarkatu sun warwatse tare da kayan tarihi na ayyukan WASH - sun haɗa da tankuna, bututun ruwa, bayan gida da bututu - daga lokacin da aka fi la'akari da WASH a matsayin matsala ta ababen more rayuwa, injiniya da fasaha.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Neely |first=Kate |last2=Valcourt |first2=Nicholas |date=January 2024 |title=Review of systems thinking in rural WASH programming and research |journal=Cambridge Prisms: Water |language=en |volume=2 |bibcode=2024CPWat...2E..12N |doi=10.1017/wat.2024.12 |issn=2755-1776 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadannan gazawar ba wai kawai suna wakiltar asarar saka hannun jari na masu ba da gudummawa da albarkatun membobin al'umma ba, halittarsu ta ci gaba, tare da rashin aiki na tsarin ruwa wanda ya rage a kashi 30%-40%.<ref name=":11" /> Wannan matakin gazawar yana wakiltar jimlar saka hannun jari tsakanin USD 1.2 da USD 1.5 biliyan a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata (kamar na 2010). Wadannan gazawar sau da yawa saboda rashin shiri, rashin zabi na fasahar da ta dace dangane da mahallin, rashin isasshen shiga cikin Mai ruwa da tsaki a matakai daban-daban na aikin, da / ko rashin kulawa. Wasu suna jayayya cewa saboda wani bangare ne saboda rashin lissafi ga waɗannan gazawar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accountability in WASH: Explaining the concept |url=https://www.unicef.org/documents/accountability-wash-explaining-concept |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224095714/https://www.unicef.org/documents/accountability-wash-explaining-concept |archive-date=2024-02-24 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Duk da yake Canjin Halin Lafiya yana da mahimmanci wajen cimma fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na ingantaccen tsarin WASH, nasarar dorewar ababen more rayuwa na WASH ya dogara da kirkirar buƙatun ayyukan tsabta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abellán |first=Javier |last2=Alonso |first2=José Antonio |date=2022 |title=Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358066020 |journal=Water Resources and Economics |language=en |volume=38 |issue= |bibcode=2022WRE....3800194A |doi=10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194 |s2cid=246261266 |doi-access=}}</ref> Taswirar gwamnati ta kasa da kuma sa ido kan ayyukan da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko masu bincike suka yi, sun gano gazawar tsarin samar da ruwa (wanda aka fi sani da wuraren ruwa, [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]], ramuka, ko makamancin haka) da tsarin tsabta (wani ɓangare na tsarin tsabta shine bayan gida). Sashe masu zuwa suna ba da misalai na waɗancan gazawar da aka tsara ta ƙasa. == Ingantaccen Tushen Ba ya tabbatar da Ingancin Ruwa == Binciken binciken 319 da ke bayar da rahoto game da ingancin samfurori na ruwa 96,737 ya gano cewa gabaɗaya, damar gurɓata ta kasance ƙasa da ƙasa don " ingantaccen" tushe fiye da "ba a inganta" tushe.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Bain |first=Robert |last2=Cronk |first2=Ryan |last3=Wright |first3=Jim |last4=Yang |first4=Hong |last5=Slaymaker |first5=Tom |last6=Bartram |first6=Jamie |date=2014-05-06 |title=Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=PLOS Medicine |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001644 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=4011876 |pmid=24800926 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 38% na binciken 191, sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na samfurori daga ingantaccen tushe sun ƙunshi gurɓataccen hanci.<ref name=":8" /> Musamman, samfurori daga rijiyoyin da aka tono sau da yawa suna dauke da gurɓataccen datti.<ref name=":8" /> Masu binciken sun kuma gano cewa hanyoyin ruwa a kasashe masu karamin karfi da yankunan karkara sun fi kamuwa da cuta.<ref name=":8" /> Wadannan masu bincike sun kammala cewa samun damar "maɓuɓɓugar da ta inganta" ba ta tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba shi da gurɓataccen guba.<ref name=":8" /> "Kimanin kasa da kasa saboda haka ya wuce gona da iri amfani da ruwan sha mai aminci kuma ba ya nuna bambancin samun dama. "<ref name=":8" /> Misali, samfurin ƙasa na wuraren ruwan sha a Habasha ya gano cewa kashi 28% ba su dace da darajar jagorar WHO don gurɓataccen datti ko kuma ma'aunin ruwan sha na Habasha ES 261:2001.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DRINKINGWATER QUALITY IN THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA |url=https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Tadesse-2010-Rapid.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112204000/https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Tadesse-2010-Rapid.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-12 |access-date=2024-11-12}}</ref> Rashin bin doka ya kasance daga 57% don maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai kariya zuwa 12% don kayan aiki.<ref name=":9" /> A cikin gidaje 135 na Uganda, kashi 86% na samfurori masu tsabta na farko sun ƙunshi E. coli bayan awanni 24 na ajiya a cikin jerrycans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gärtner |first=Nicola |last2=Germann |first2=Laura |last3=Wanyama |first3=Kennedy |last4=Ouma |first4=Henry |last5=Meierhofer |first5=Regula |date=2021-01-01 |title=Keeping water from kiosks clean: Strategies for reducing recontamination during transport and storage in Eastern Uganda |journal=Water Research X |volume=10 |bibcode=2021WRX....1000079G |doi=10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100079 |issn=2589-9147 |pmc=7750645 |pmid=33364593}}</ref> == Kulawa == Wasu gwamnatocin ƙasa da na gida suna sa ido kan ayyukan ruwa a kai a kai. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine Sistema de Información de Agua y Saneamiento Rural (Rural Water and Sanitation Information System) <ref>{{Cite web |title=SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN DE AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO RURAL |url=http://siasar.org/sistema/login.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710182929/http://siasar.org/sistema/login.php |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=SIASAR |publisher=Governments of Panamá, Honduras and Nicaragua |ref=SIASAR}}</ref> tsarin saka idanu a Honduras da Nicaragua. == Rashin tsarin samar da ruwa == === Afghanistan === * 36% na famfo 24,504 an gano ba su aiki a cikin 2013-2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Foster |first=Tim |last2=Furey |first2=Sean |last3=Banks |first3=Brian |last4=Willetts |first4=Juliet |author-link4=Juliet Willetts |date=2020-09-02 |title=Functionality of handpump water supplies: a review of data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07900627.2018.1543117 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |language=en |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=855–869 |bibcode=2020IJWRD..36..855F |doi=10.1080/07900627.2018.1543117 |issn=0790-0627 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * A lokacin wani webinar WaterAid-IRC-RWSN a cikin 2011, Leendert Vijselaar na DACAAR ya ce 35% na wuraren ruwa 30,182 da aka bincika ba su da aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijselaar |first=Leendert |last2=Clark |first2=Keryn |last3=Rivera |first3=Javier |last4=Estrada |first4=Eric |date=29 October 2014 |title=National monitoring of Rural Water Supplies |url=https://vimeo.com/110350294 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Vimeo |publisher=WaterAid-IRC-RWSN}}</ref> * A cikin ƙasa, kashi 45% na tsarin samar da ruwa a makarantun jama'a suna buƙatar gyare-gyare ko maye gurbin su (2010). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=State-of-the-art in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka WASH for School Children Provisional Draft |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/UNICEF_WASH_for_School_Children_South_Asia_Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090415/http://www.unicef.org/wash/schools/files/UNICEF_WASH_for_School_Children_South_Asia_Report.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=7 August 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> === [[Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a yankin Sahara na Afirka|Afirka / Afirka ta Kudu]] === * Binciken 2013 na ayyukan tallafin Tarayyar Turai 23 a cikin ƙasashe shida na yankin Sahara ya gano: Gabaɗaya, an shigar da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka tsara kuma suna aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da rabin ayyukan da aka bincika sun ba da sakamakon da ya dace da bukatun masu cin gajiyar. Duk da yake ayyukan da aka bincika sun kasance masu ɗorewa a cikin sharuddan fasaha, ga mafi yawan ayyukan, sakamakon da fa'idodi ba za su ci gaba da gudana a cikin matsakaici da na dogon lokaci ba sai dai idan an tabbatar da kudaden shiga ba tare da haraji ba; ko kuma saboda raunin ma'aikata (rashin ƙarfi ta masu aiki don gudanar da kayan aikin da aka shigar). ** Gabaɗaya, an shigar da kayan aiki kamar yadda aka tsara kuma suna cikin aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da rabin ayyukan da aka bincika sun ba da sakamakon da ya dace da bukatun masu cin gajiyar. ** Duk da yake ayyukan da aka bincika sun kasance masu ɗorewa a cikin sharuddan fasaha, ga mafi yawan ayyukan, sakamakon da fa'idodi ba za su ci gaba da gudana a cikin matsakaici da na dogon lokaci ba sai dai idan an tabbatar da kudaden shiga ba tare da haraji ba; ko kuma saboda raunin ma'aikata (rashin ƙarfi ta masu aiki don gudanar da kayan aikin da aka shigar). * Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka Laura Bush ta sanar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gidauniyar Case a kan PlayPump PlayPump, wanda shahararrun mutane da Uwargwadon Shugaban Amurka Laura bush da tsohon Shugaban Amurka Bill Clinton, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by Mrs. Bush at the PlayPump Launch (Text Only) |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/06/text/20070628.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref> suka fadi daga tagomashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FRONTLINE/WORLD . Dispatches . Editors' Notes . PlayPump Project Receives Major U.S. Funding |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/blog/2006/09/playpump_projec.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref> Mutane da yawa ba a shigar da su ba. Masu sukar sun haɗa da cewa yana da tsada sosai, yana da wuyar kulawa, kuma yana amfani da aikin yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Molly |date=2010-07-24 |title=PlayPump not a Panacea for Africa's Water Problems |url=https://www.circleofblue.org/2010/world/playpump-not-a-panacea-for-africas-water-problems/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Circle of Blue |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani rahoto na UNICEF ya kira aikin kungiyar da fasaha ke jagoranta kuma ya ba da shawarar yin aiki da al'umma da nuna gaskiya game da amfani da kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brocklehurst |first=Clarissa |date=2007-10-01 |title=An Evaluation of the PlayPump® Water System as an Appropriate Technology for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programmes |url=https://www-tc.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/southernafrica904/flash/pdf/unicef_pp_report.pdf |access-date=2025-02-27}}</ref> * RWSN (Rural Water Supply Network) ya kiyasta a cikin 2010 cewa kawai biyu daga cikin uku na hannu suna aiki a kowane lokaci. * Adadin da RWSN ta tattara a cikin 2007 ya nuna matsakaicin kashi 36% ba tare da aiki ba don famfo na hannu a cikin ƙasashe 21. Wannan matakin gazawar yana wakiltar jimlar saka hannun jari tsakanin dala biliyan 1.2 da dala biliyan 1.5 a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. * Kusan kashi 40% na famfo na hannu na yankin Sahara ba sa aiki a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=Sally |date=2005 |title=The sub-Saharan potential for household level water supply improvement |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/31/Sutton.pdf |access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> * Sutton (2004) ya tattara bayanai game da rashin aiki ga ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |date=2004 |title=Preliminary Desk Study of Potential for Self Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/264 |access-date=15 August 2015}}</ref> iefx0ojmusgrlyjw6m0qxz2qfeyuf6x 0 152482 840898 2026-05-28T05:53:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304515873|Wastewater discharge standards in Latin America]]" 840898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:LatinamericaWasteWaterNorm.png|right|thumb|404x404px|Bukatar fitar da ruwa mai guba a Latin Amurka]] Ka'idodin fitar da ruwa mai guba suna kare tushen ruwa daga gurɓataccen ruwa da rashin kulawa. Kowace ƙasa a Latin Amurka tana da ƙa'idodinta, kuma waɗannan sun bambanta bisa ga nau'ikan amfani da ruwa, aikin gona, masana'antu ko amfani da nishaɗi. Ana kiyaye [[Ingancin ruwa]] ta hanyar sarrafa sigogin physicochemical da kwayoyin cuta. Yawancin [[Dokar Albarkatun Ruwa|dokokin ruwa]] sun haɗa da tarar don rashin bin doka. A lokuta da yawa tarar ba ta isa ba kuma ba ta daina yin laifi ba. A wasu lokuta ka'idojin ba su da kyau kuma saka idanu ba su da daidaituwa. Wannan labarin ya taƙaita mafi yawan ka'idojin fitar da ruwa a Latin Amurka, tare da matsayi na ƙasa la'akari da yawan da tsananin ƙa'idodinsu. Har ila yau, ana yin kwatankwacin nazarin ka'idojin da suka dace, da kuma ainihin bayanin shari'a ga kowace ƙasa lokacin da ba a cika ka'idoji ba. == Chile == A Chile, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta haɓaka ma'auni, lambar doka ta 609, da aka amince da ita a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1998. An halicci wannan ka'ida tare da manufar sarrafa magudanar ruwa da aka fitar a cikin tsarin datti. Wannan ka'ida ta kafa matsakaicin fitarwa a cikin tsarin datti da kuma sigogi daban-daban da za a saka idanu, dangane da aikin tattalin arziki da kowane masana'antu ya bunkasa. Har ila yau, ya kafa hanyoyin da dole ne a yi amfani da su don ɗaukar samfurori na kowane siginar. Kula da ka'idar alhakin kamfanin ne wanda ke ba da sabis na tunawa da ruwa mai guba, kasancewar mai kula da kamfanonin sabis na tsabta shine babban alhakin. Idan kamfani ya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin sabis ɗin, dangane da inganci ko yawan abin tunawa, kamfanonin tunawa da ruwa mai guba na iya dakatar da sabis ɗin ga wannan kamfani. '''Bayani game da shari'a''' A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009 Aguas Andinas, wanda kamfanin Agbar na Spain ke sarrafawa, zai biya tarar saboda karar da wata kungiya ta makwabta ta gabatar a kansa saboda wari mai banƙyama da ke fitowa daga "La Farfana", masana'antar tsabtace ruwa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa mai guba na Aguas Andinas. Rashin wari ya haifar da matsalolin narkewa da na tunani. Kungiyar ta sanar da cewa za ta daukaka kara kan wannan hukunci, bisa ga gardamar cewa ya kasance saboda wasu abubuwan da suka faru ba tare da ikon ta ba wanda bai haifar da wani muhalli ko lahani na mutum ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ediciones Financieras S.A. |date=May 5, 2009 |title=Aguas Andinas deberá pagar multa por US$4 millones a vecinos |url=http://df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090505/cont_111663.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529183520/http://www.df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090505/cont_111663.html |archive-date=May 29, 2009 |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Diario Financiero Online |language=Spanish}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2007, Ofishin Mai Kula da Lafiya (SISS) ya fara karar kamfanin takarda na Licancel bayan "ba ya bin Dokar Koli ta 90, wanda ke tsara zubar da ruwa mai guba". Kamar yadda Ofishin Superintendent ya ce, wannan shawarar ta dogara ne akan binciken da aka tura wanda ya tabbatar da cewa wannan kungiyar ta fitar da ruwan ta ba tare da bin ka'idar ba. Kamar yadda doka ta kafa wannan ofishin na iya ba da shawara da kuma amfani da takunkumi da ya dace, kamar tarar tsakanin raka'a guda ɗaya zuwa dubu na shekara-shekara (UTA). Wannan yana nufin kusan Pesos Miliyan 392.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios comenzó proceso de sanción contra Celco |url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20070613/pags/20070613213522.html |access-date=May 29, 2010 |website=La Nación |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Bolivia == Ka'idar fitarwa tana ƙarƙashin Dokar 1333, da aka amince da ita a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1992. Wannan dokar ita ce dokar muhalli gaba ɗaya, kuma ga takamaiman shari'ar an kirkiro ka'ida don gurɓataccen ruwa. Ana amfani da wannan ka'idar ga kowane bangare da ke samar da gurɓata a cikin ruwa. A cikin yanayin fitarwa akan tsarin datti tsarin yana ƙarƙashin Babi na IV. An bayyana cewa kowane kamfani dole ne ya yarda da kamfanin da ke ba da sabis na tunawa da ruwa mai guba da iyakokin fitarwa. Ƙayyadaddun da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin, sune na sababbin kamfanoni da kamfanoni da ke cikin tsarin gano nau'in ruwan jiki wanda kamfanin zai fitar. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2003, duk masu samar da hakar ma'adinai da ke aiki a birnin Potosí dole ne su zubar da ruwan su zuwa wani takamaiman madatsar ruwa; in ba haka ba za a tilasta musu su dakatar da ayyukansu. Wannan sanarwa, wanda darektan muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa, Limbert Paredes, ya yi, wanda ya nuna cewa an dauki wannan yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyar Injiniyoyin Ma'adinai ta Potosí, wakilan doka da hukumomin Potosí County. Wadannan kamfanonin da aka girka a saman birnin dole ne su gina bututun mai don fitar da ruwan su a ƙarshen Yuni 2003, wanda ba a yi ba. Saboda wannan, an gudanar da sabon taro kuma an ba da sabon lokacin ƙarshe, 9 ga Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Edgar A. Amador |date=August 3, 2004 |title=Contaminacion de rios |url=http://www.ops.org.bo/servicios/?DB=B&S11=4831&SE=SN |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud – Bolivia |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Peru == A [[Peru]], al'ada tana da ƙananan sigogi tare da iyakoki. Wadannan sigogi sune: zafin jiki ({{Convert|35|C|F}} ° C (95 ° F)), kitse da mai (100 MG /lt), PH (5 - 8.5), BOD (1000 MG /lt) da kuma sassauci.<ref name="PE1" /> Koyaya, ma'aikatar gidaje ta haɓaka ƙa'ida mai zurfi, wanda yanzu ke ƙarƙashin bita da bincike na Ma'aikatun Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oficina del Medio Ambiente |url=http://www.vivienda.gob.pe/ambiente/OMA1.html |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, Peru |language=Spanish}}</ref> A cikin labarin yanzu, dabi'un da aka gabatar sune waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin amincewa. An kirkiro wannan sabon tsari ne saboda lalacewar da ruwan da masana'antu ke haifar da tsarin shara. Misali, a cikin shekara ta 2006 wani binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 58% na samfurin (kamfanoni 24) sun wuce iyakar BOD5 da aka kafa a halin yanzu.<ref name="PE2" /> A cikin wannan shekarar wani binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 57% na samfurin (kamfanoni 9) sun wuce wannan ka'ida.<ref name="PE2" />&nbsp;&nbsp; == Argentina == Dokar ƙasa da ke tsara albarkatun ruwa a Argentina ita ce Dokar 674 ta 1989, wacce Hukumar Zartarwa ta Kasa ta kafa kuma ta shafi Babban Birnin Tarayya da duk jam'iyyun [[Yankin Buenos Aires|Lardin Buenos Aires]] da ke biyan kuɗi ga tsarin Ayyukan Lafiya na Kasa. Manufar dokar ita ce kare albarkatun ruwa na kasa ta hanyar amfani da ruwa mai kyau, gurɓataccen ruwa da aiki mai kyau na shigarwar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa. Hakanan, an yi amfani da ƙuduri na 79179 na 1990, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki don aiwatar da Dokar 674. Wannan ƙuduri ya haɗa da sigogi na fitar da ruwa mai guba ga tsarin shara, hanyar ruwa da masu tara ruwan sama, waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin Ƙaddamarwa A na doka. '''Bayani game da shari'a''' A watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, a Argentina yawan Kayan aiki masu nauyi daban-daban, kwayoyin cuta, nitrates da hydrocarbons sun wuce yawan adadin da ake la'akari da haɗari. Ba sa'a ba ne cewa koguna kamar Paraná, Salado del Norte, Salado del Sur, Carcarañá, de la Plata da Colorado suna daga cikin wadanda suka fi gurɓata a Duniya. Argentina ba ta da hanyar sarrafawa don kula da ruwa mai guba ko zubar da shi. Akwai bayanai da ke da alaƙa da mahimman ruwa da yawa da ke shafar zubar da ruwa, tare da matakai masu tsanani na eutrophication saboda rashin magani. Ɗaya daga cikin gadajen asibiti huɗu yana zaune ne da wani da ke fama da rashin lafiya mai alaƙa da ruwa. A wasu yankuna na ciki na kasar, kamar Rosario da Córdoba, an gurɓata ruwa sosai har aikin da ke cikin masana'antun tsabtace ruwa ya shafi. Akwai wasu ayyukan don gina shuke-shuke na magani a cikin manyan wurare, amma fitarwa yana ci gaba da girma. Kashewa daga kamfanoni da aka kara ga na cikin gida a cikin Riachuelo-Matanza ya kai mita cubic ,000 (13,000,000 ) a kowace rana, wanda ya ninka sau biyu na matsakaicin matsakaicin kogin. Mud din da ke ciki yana da babban taro na Chrome, Copper, Mercury, [[Zinc]], da Lead. Bugu da kari, mafi yawan Lead da Chrome suna kan iyaka tsakanin majalisun Avellaneda da Lanús, a lardin Buenos Aires. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 18rob9ut7b4i3uy9bikslix9hszt1x5 840899 840898 2026-05-28T05:54:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 840899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:LatinamericaWasteWaterNorm.png|right|thumb|404x404px|Bukatar fitar da ruwa mai guba a Latin Amurka]] Ka'idodin fitar da ruwa mai guba suna kare tushen ruwa daga gurɓataccen ruwa da rashin kulawa. Kowace ƙasa a Latin Amurka tana da ƙa'idodinta, kuma waɗannan sun bambanta bisa ga nau'ikan amfani da ruwa, aikin gona, masana'antu ko amfani da nishaɗi. Ana kiyaye [[Ingancin ruwa]] ta hanyar sarrafa sigogin physicochemical da kwayoyin cuta. Yawancin [[Dokar Albarkatun Ruwa|dokokin ruwa]] sun haɗa da tarar don rashin bin doka. A lokuta da yawa tarar ba ta isa ba kuma ba ta daina yin laifi ba. A wasu lokuta ka'idojin ba su da kyau kuma saka idanu ba su da daidaituwa. Wannan labarin ya taƙaita mafi yawan ka'idojin fitar da ruwa a Latin Amurka, tare da matsayi na ƙasa la'akari da yawan da tsananin ƙa'idodinsu. Har ila yau, ana yin kwatankwacin nazarin ka'idojin da suka dace, da kuma ainihin bayanin shari'a ga kowace ƙasa lokacin da ba a cika ka'idoji ba. == Chile == A Chile, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta haɓaka ma'auni, lambar doka ta 609, da aka amince da ita a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1998. An halicci wannan ka'ida tare da manufar sarrafa magudanar ruwa da aka fitar a cikin tsarin datti. Wannan ka'ida ta kafa matsakaicin fitarwa a cikin tsarin datti da kuma sigogi daban-daban da za a saka idanu, dangane da aikin tattalin arziki da kowane masana'antu ya bunkasa. Har ila yau, ya kafa hanyoyin da dole ne a yi amfani da su don ɗaukar samfurori na kowane siginar. Kula da ka'idar alhakin kamfanin ne wanda ke ba da sabis na tunawa da ruwa mai guba, kasancewar mai kula da kamfanonin sabis na tsabta shine babban alhakin. Idan kamfani ya haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin sabis ɗin, dangane da inganci ko yawan abin tunawa, kamfanonin tunawa da ruwa mai guba na iya dakatar da sabis ɗin ga wannan kamfani. '''Bayani game da shari'a''' A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009 Aguas Andinas, wanda kamfanin Agbar na Spain ke sarrafawa, zai biya tarar saboda karar da wata kungiya ta makwabta ta gabatar a kansa saboda wari mai banƙyama da ke fitowa daga "La Farfana", masana'antar tsabtace ruwa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa mai guba na Aguas Andinas. Rashin wari ya haifar da matsalolin narkewa da na tunani. Kungiyar ta sanar da cewa za ta daukaka kara kan wannan hukunci, bisa ga gardamar cewa ya kasance saboda wasu abubuwan da suka faru ba tare da ikon ta ba wanda bai haifar da wani muhalli ko lahani na mutum ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ediciones Financieras S.A. |date=May 5, 2009 |title=Aguas Andinas deberá pagar multa por US$4 millones a vecinos |url=http://df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090505/cont_111663.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529183520/http://www.df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090505/cont_111663.html |archive-date=May 29, 2009 |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Diario Financiero Online |language=Spanish}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2007, Ofishin Mai Kula da Lafiya (SISS) ya fara karar kamfanin takarda na Licancel bayan "ba ya bin Dokar Koli ta 90, wanda ke tsara zubar da ruwa mai guba". Kamar yadda Ofishin Superintendent ya ce, wannan shawarar ta dogara ne akan binciken da aka tura wanda ya tabbatar da cewa wannan kungiyar ta fitar da ruwan ta ba tare da bin ka'idar ba. Kamar yadda doka ta kafa wannan ofishin na iya ba da shawara da kuma amfani da takunkumi da ya dace, kamar tarar tsakanin raka'a guda ɗaya zuwa dubu na shekara-shekara (UTA). Wannan yana nufin kusan Pesos Miliyan 392.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios comenzó proceso de sanción contra Celco |url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias/site/artic/20070613/pags/20070613213522.html |access-date=May 29, 2010 |website=La Nación |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Bolivia == Ka'idar fitarwa tana ƙarƙashin Dokar 1333, da aka amince da ita a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1992. Wannan dokar ita ce dokar muhalli gaba ɗaya, kuma ga takamaiman shari'ar an kirkiro ka'ida don gurɓataccen ruwa. Ana amfani da wannan ka'idar ga kowane bangare da ke samar da gurɓata a cikin ruwa. A cikin yanayin fitarwa akan tsarin datti tsarin yana ƙarƙashin Babi na IV. An bayyana cewa kowane kamfani dole ne ya yarda da kamfanin da ke ba da sabis na tunawa da ruwa mai guba da iyakokin fitarwa. Ƙayyadaddun da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin, sune na sababbin kamfanoni da kamfanoni da ke cikin tsarin gano nau'in ruwan jiki wanda kamfanin zai fitar. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2003, duk masu samar da hakar ma'adinai da ke aiki a birnin Potosí dole ne su zubar da ruwan su zuwa wani takamaiman madatsar ruwa; in ba haka ba za a tilasta musu su dakatar da ayyukansu. Wannan sanarwa, wanda darektan muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa, Limbert Paredes, ya yi, wanda ya nuna cewa an dauki wannan yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyar Injiniyoyin Ma'adinai ta Potosí, wakilan doka da hukumomin Potosí County. Wadannan kamfanonin da aka girka a saman birnin dole ne su gina bututun mai don fitar da ruwan su a ƙarshen Yuni 2003, wanda ba a yi ba. Saboda wannan, an gudanar da sabon taro kuma an ba da sabon lokacin ƙarshe, 9 ga Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Edgar A. Amador |date=August 3, 2004 |title=Contaminacion de rios |url=http://www.ops.org.bo/servicios/?DB=B&S11=4831&SE=SN |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud – Bolivia |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Peru == A [[Peru]], al'ada tana da ƙananan sigogi tare da iyakoki. Wadannan sigogi sune: zafin jiki ({{Convert|35|C|F}} ° C (95 ° F)), kitse da mai (100 MG /lt), PH (5 - 8.5), BOD (1000 MG /lt) da kuma sassauci.<ref name="PE1" /> Koyaya, ma'aikatar gidaje ta haɓaka ƙa'ida mai zurfi, wanda yanzu ke ƙarƙashin bita da bincike na Ma'aikatun Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oficina del Medio Ambiente |url=http://www.vivienda.gob.pe/ambiente/OMA1.html |access-date=May 29, 2010 |publisher=Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, Peru |language=Spanish}}</ref> A cikin labarin yanzu, dabi'un da aka gabatar sune waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin amincewa. An kirkiro wannan sabon tsari ne saboda lalacewar da ruwan da masana'antu ke haifar da tsarin shara. Misali, a cikin shekara ta 2006 wani binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 58% na samfurin (kamfanoni 24) sun wuce iyakar BOD5 da aka kafa a halin yanzu.<ref name="PE2" /> A cikin wannan shekarar wani binciken ya nuna cewa kashi 57% na samfurin (kamfanoni 9) sun wuce wannan ka'ida.<ref name="PE2" />&nbsp;&nbsp; == Argentina == Dokar ƙasa da ke tsara albarkatun ruwa a Argentina ita ce Dokar 674 ta 1989, wacce Hukumar Zartarwa ta Kasa ta kafa kuma ta shafi Babban Birnin Tarayya da duk jam'iyyun [[Yankin Buenos Aires|Lardin Buenos Aires]] da ke biyan kuɗi ga tsarin Ayyukan Lafiya na Kasa. Manufar dokar ita ce kare albarkatun ruwa na kasa ta hanyar amfani da ruwa mai kyau, gurɓataccen ruwa da aiki mai kyau na shigarwar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa. Hakanan, an yi amfani da ƙuduri na 79179 na 1990, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki don aiwatar da Dokar 674. Wannan ƙuduri ya haɗa da sigogi na fitar da ruwa mai guba ga tsarin shara, hanyar ruwa da masu tara ruwan sama, waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin Ƙaddamarwa A na doka. '''Bayani game da shari'a''' A watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, a Argentina yawan Kayan aiki masu nauyi daban-daban, kwayoyin cuta, nitrates da hydrocarbons sun wuce yawan adadin da ake la'akari da haɗari. Ba sa'a ba ne cewa koguna kamar Paraná, Salado del Norte, Salado del Sur, Carcarañá, de la Plata da Colorado suna daga cikin wadanda suka fi gurɓata a Duniya. Argentina ba ta da hanyar sarrafawa don kula da ruwa mai guba ko zubar da shi. Akwai bayanai da ke da alaƙa da mahimman ruwa da yawa da ke shafar zubar da ruwa, tare da matakai masu tsanani na eutrophication saboda rashin magani. Ɗaya daga cikin gadajen asibiti huɗu yana zaune ne da wani da ke fama da rashin lafiya mai alaƙa da ruwa. A wasu yankuna na ciki na kasar, kamar Rosario da Córdoba, an gurɓata ruwa sosai har aikin da ke cikin masana'antun tsabtace ruwa ya shafi. Akwai wasu ayyukan don gina shuke-shuke na magani a cikin manyan wurare, amma fitarwa yana ci gaba da girma. Kashewa daga kamfanoni da aka kara ga na cikin gida a cikin Riachuelo-Matanza ya kai mita cubic ,000 (13,000,000 ) a kowace rana, wanda ya ninka sau biyu na matsakaicin matsakaicin kogin. Mud din da ke ciki yana da babban taro na Chrome, Copper, Mercury, [[Zinc]], da Lead. Bugu da kari, mafi yawan Lead da Chrome suna kan iyaka tsakanin majalisun Avellaneda da Lanús, a lardin Buenos Aires. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k45fmy1agv9z96vdigy4tjih87uklaf 0 152483 840900 2026-05-28T05:54:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304698578|Water supply and sanitation in Latin America]]" 840900 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruwa da [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a Latin Amurka ana nuna su ta hanyar rashin isasshen damar kuma a lokuta da yawa ta hanyar ingancin sabis mara kyau, tare da mummunar tasiri ga [[lafiyar jama'a]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=February 6, 2011 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244?needAccess=true |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Ana ba da sabis na ruwa da tsabta ta hanyar yawancin masu ba da sabis a cikin gida a ƙarƙashin manufofi da tsarin tsari. Gudanar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ya kasance babban kalubale. == Samun dama == [[Fayil:Water_and_Sanitation_Coverage_in_Latin_America.png|thumb|450x450px|Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki (ma'anar ma'ana) a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da aka zaɓa a cikin shekara ta 2004. Tushen: Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) / UNICEF (2006): Ganawa da MDG ruwan sha da kuma tsabtace muhalli: ƙalubalen birane da yankunan karkara na shekaru goma.[https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/JMP_06.pdf Ganawa da manufar ruwan sha na MDG da tsabtace muhalli: ƙalubalen birane da ƙauyuka na shekaru goma.]]] Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa ya kasance bai isa ba, musamman a yankunan karkara da kuma matalauta. Har ila yau, ya bambanta sosai tsakanin da kuma cikin ƙasashe. Dangane da Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] da [[UNICEF]], a cikin 2004 rabon yawan mutanen da aka haɗa da [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] ya bambanta daga 54% a Haiti zuwa 100% a Uruguay. Gabaɗaya, mutane miliyan 50, ko 9% na yawan mutanen Latin Amurka da Caribbean ba su da damar samun ingantaccen samar da ruwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP water |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/238_wat_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032717/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/238_wat_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> kuma miliyan 125 ko 23% ba su da hanyar samun ingantaccen tsabta. <ref name="JMP San">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032759/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> Ƙara samun dama ya kasance ƙalubale, musamman idan aka ba da rashin lafiyar kuɗi na masu ba da sabis da ƙuntatawa na kuɗi a madadin gwamnatocin tsakiya da na gida. Bayan Bahar Rum, Tekun Caribbean shine teku ta biyu mafi gurɓata. Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi (a cikin nau'in tan 300,000 na sharar gida da aka zubar a cikin Tekun Caribbean a kowace shekara) yana ci gaba da haɗari ga yanayin halittu na ruwa, yana share nau'o'in halittu, da kuma cutar da rayuwar mutanen yankin, wanda ya dogara da yawon shakatawa da kamun kifi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bank |first=European Investment |date=2023-02-23 |title=The Clean Oceans Initiative |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230014-the-clean-oceans-initiative |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pollution in the Mediterranean {{!}} UNEPMAP |url=https://www.unep.org/unepmap/resources/factsheets/pollution |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.unep.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Over 200,000 tonnes of plastic leaking into the Mediterranean each year – IUCN report |url=https://www.iucn.org/news/marine-and-polar/202010/over-200000-tonnes-plastic-leaking-mediterranean-each-year-iucn-report |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=IUCN |language=en}}</ref> Game da tsabtace muhalli, kashi 51 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a ne kawai ke da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa.<ref name="JMP San">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032759/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> Kimanin kashi 15% ne kawai na ruwan da aka tattara ya shiga cikin tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa, wanda sau da yawa ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata. Kashi 26% na yawan jama'a suna da damar yin amfani da nau'ikan tsaftacewa ban da magudanar ruwa, gami da tankunan septic da nau'o'in bayan gida daban-daban.<ref name="JMP San" /> Masana da yawa sun gano cewa yayin da ake kula da kashi 20% na ruwan sha yadda ya kamata a Latin Amurka, akwai isasshen ababen more rayuwa don magance kashi 30% zuwa 35% na ruwa. == Amfani da ruwa == Amfani da ruwa na kowane mutum a Latin Amurka ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe, tsakanin birane a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara, kuma a bayyane yake tsakanin waɗanda ke da haɗin gida, famfo na jama'a ko babu ingantaccen tushen ruwa kwata-kwata. Matsakaicin amfani da ruwa na birane (watau ba tare da asarar rarrabawa ba) an kiyasta shi a 240 lita / babban / rana, matakin da ke da kusan sama da Amurka kuma kusan sau biyu kamar yadda yake a Tsakiyar Turai. Ana iya samun mafi girman amfani da ruwa a wasu kayan aiki a Brazil da Argentina, inda albarkatun ruwa suke da yawa kuma amfani da ruwa kusan kusan lita 500 / babban / rana. Mafi ƙarancin amfani da ruwa yana cikin Aguas de Illimani da ke aiki da La Paz, babban birnin Bolivia, tare da ƙasa da lita 50 / babban birnin / rana. A yankunan karkara amfani da ruwa wani lokacin ma ya fi wannan matakin. == Tasirin Lafiya == Bincike a cikin biranen Latin Amurka ya nuna cewa cinye ruwa wanda ba a kula da shi da isasshen sabis na tsabtace jiki yana gabatar da batutuwan lafiyar ɗan adam da yawa ga jama'a, musamman ga mazaunan matalauta da ƙauyuka na al'ada. Mazauna birane masu karamin karfi da ke cinye gurɓataccen ruwa suna iya yin rashin lafiya tare da "cututtukan talauci" kamar cututtukan gastrointestinal da cututtukani masu yaduwa, da kuma cututtukansun da ke lalata lafiyar ɗan adam a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Onestini 219–226">{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=2011-02-06 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |issn=0790-0627 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Amfani da ruwa mai gurbatawa da rashin samun ruwa mai tsabta suna da alaƙa da cututtukan kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga damuwa da jiki da rikice-rikice na amfani da ruwa.<ref name="Onestini 219–226" /> Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun barkewar cutar a Latin Amurka shine annobar kwalara ta yankin 1991-1993.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koo |first=Denise |last2=Traverso |first2=Héctor |last3=Libel |first3=Marlo |last4=Drasbek |first4=Christopher |last5=Tauxe |first5=Robert |last6=Brandling-Bennett |first6=David |date=February 1997 |title=El cólera epidémico en América Latina de 1991 a 1993: implicaciones de las definiciones de casos usadas en la vigilancia sanitaria |journal=Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.1590/s1020-49891997000200001 |issn=1020-4989 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a cikin ƙauyuka na Lima, Peru ya ba da rahoton cewa kusan kashi 15% na waɗannan ƙauyuka matalauta suna da tanadin ruwa a cikin gida, wanda ke tilasta wa waɗannan mazauna samun ruwa daga masu sayar da ruwa na al'ada waɗanda ba a gudanar da su ta hanyar kananan hukumomi ko kamfanoni masu amfani ba. Ingancin wannan ruwa ba shi da lafiya, asalin su da yanayin tsaftacewa ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma an ruwaito cewa wannan ruwa yana dauke da gurbataccen abu. Haɗe da tankunan ajiya marasa tsabta waɗanda ke ƙara gurɓata wannan ruwa, cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke dauke da ruwa sun shafi kashi 22% na wannan matalauta yawan birane a lokacin binciken.<ref name="Onestini 219–226">{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=2011-02-06 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |issn=0790-0627 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOnestini2011">Onestini, Maria (2011-02-06). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 "Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America"]</span>. ''International Journal of Water Resources Development''. '''27''' (1): <span class="nowrap">219–</span>226. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/07900627.2010.537244|10.1080/07900627.2010.537244]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-0627 0790-0627]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154427438 154427438].</cite></ref> Sauran binciken da aka yi a Argentina sun ba da rahoton cewa an gano tanadin ruwan sha na gwamnatocin birni da ke dauke da matakan gurbataccen abubuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kashi 10% na yawan mutanen kasar suna fuskantar cinyewar arsenic da aka samu a cikin ruwan da suke cinyewa, musamman a yankunan da ba su da kayan aikin tsabtace ruwa.<ref name="Onestini 219–226" /> == Manazarta == lx3jzsojubay8gsev5x4ofjwceo03wu 840901 840900 2026-05-28T05:55:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 840901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ruwa da [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a Latin Amurka ana nuna su ta hanyar rashin isasshen damar kuma a lokuta da yawa ta hanyar ingancin sabis mara kyau, tare da mummunar tasiri ga [[lafiyar jama'a]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=February 6, 2011 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244?needAccess=true |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Ana ba da sabis na ruwa da tsabta ta hanyar yawancin masu ba da sabis a cikin gida a ƙarƙashin manufofi da tsarin tsari. Gudanar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ya kasance babban kalubale. == Samun dama == [[Fayil:Water_and_Sanitation_Coverage_in_Latin_America.png|thumb|450x450px|Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki (ma'anar ma'ana) a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da aka zaɓa a cikin shekara ta 2004. Tushen: Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) / UNICEF (2006): Ganawa da MDG ruwan sha da kuma tsabtace muhalli: ƙalubalen birane da yankunan karkara na shekaru goma.[https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/JMP_06.pdf Ganawa da manufar ruwan sha na MDG da tsabtace muhalli: ƙalubalen birane da ƙauyuka na shekaru goma.]]] Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa ya kasance bai isa ba, musamman a yankunan karkara da kuma matalauta. Har ila yau, ya bambanta sosai tsakanin da kuma cikin ƙasashe. Dangane da Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] da [[UNICEF]], a cikin 2004 rabon yawan mutanen da aka haɗa da [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] ya bambanta daga 54% a Haiti zuwa 100% a Uruguay. Gabaɗaya, mutane miliyan 50, ko 9% na yawan mutanen Latin Amurka da Caribbean ba su da damar samun ingantaccen samar da ruwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP water |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/238_wat_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032717/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/238_wat_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> kuma miliyan 125 ko 23% ba su da hanyar samun ingantaccen tsabta. <ref name="JMP San">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032759/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> Ƙara samun dama ya kasance ƙalubale, musamman idan aka ba da rashin lafiyar kuɗi na masu ba da sabis da ƙuntatawa na kuɗi a madadin gwamnatocin tsakiya da na gida. Bayan Bahar Rum, Tekun Caribbean shine teku ta biyu mafi gurɓata. Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi (a cikin nau'in tan 300,000 na sharar gida da aka zubar a cikin Tekun Caribbean a kowace shekara) yana ci gaba da haɗari ga yanayin halittu na ruwa, yana share nau'o'in halittu, da kuma cutar da rayuwar mutanen yankin, wanda ya dogara da yawon shakatawa da kamun kifi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bank |first=European Investment |date=2023-02-23 |title=The Clean Oceans Initiative |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230014-the-clean-oceans-initiative |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pollution in the Mediterranean {{!}} UNEPMAP |url=https://www.unep.org/unepmap/resources/factsheets/pollution |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.unep.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Over 200,000 tonnes of plastic leaking into the Mediterranean each year – IUCN report |url=https://www.iucn.org/news/marine-and-polar/202010/over-200000-tonnes-plastic-leaking-mediterranean-each-year-iucn-report |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=IUCN |language=en}}</ref> Game da tsabtace muhalli, kashi 51 cikin 100 na yawan jama'a ne kawai ke da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa.<ref name="JMP San">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF JMP sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231032759/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/338_san_latino.html |archive-date=2006-12-31 |access-date=2006-12-12}}</ref> Kimanin kashi 15% ne kawai na ruwan da aka tattara ya shiga cikin tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa, wanda sau da yawa ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata. Kashi 26% na yawan jama'a suna da damar yin amfani da nau'ikan tsaftacewa ban da magudanar ruwa, gami da tankunan septic da nau'o'in bayan gida daban-daban.<ref name="JMP San" /> Masana da yawa sun gano cewa yayin da ake kula da kashi 20% na ruwan sha yadda ya kamata a Latin Amurka, akwai isasshen ababen more rayuwa don magance kashi 30% zuwa 35% na ruwa. == Amfani da ruwa == Amfani da ruwa na kowane mutum a Latin Amurka ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe, tsakanin birane a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara, kuma a bayyane yake tsakanin waɗanda ke da haɗin gida, famfo na jama'a ko babu ingantaccen tushen ruwa kwata-kwata. Matsakaicin amfani da ruwa na birane (watau ba tare da asarar rarrabawa ba) an kiyasta shi a 240 lita / babban / rana, matakin da ke da kusan sama da Amurka kuma kusan sau biyu kamar yadda yake a Tsakiyar Turai. Ana iya samun mafi girman amfani da ruwa a wasu kayan aiki a Brazil da Argentina, inda albarkatun ruwa suke da yawa kuma amfani da ruwa kusan kusan lita 500 / babban / rana. Mafi ƙarancin amfani da ruwa yana cikin Aguas de Illimani da ke aiki da La Paz, babban birnin Bolivia, tare da ƙasa da lita 50 / babban birnin / rana. A yankunan karkara amfani da ruwa wani lokacin ma ya fi wannan matakin. == Tasirin Lafiya == Bincike a cikin biranen Latin Amurka ya nuna cewa cinye ruwa wanda ba a kula da shi da isasshen sabis na tsabtace jiki yana gabatar da batutuwan lafiyar ɗan adam da yawa ga jama'a, musamman ga mazaunan matalauta da ƙauyuka na al'ada. Mazauna birane masu karamin karfi da ke cinye gurɓataccen ruwa suna iya yin rashin lafiya tare da "cututtukan talauci" kamar cututtukan gastrointestinal da cututtukani masu yaduwa, da kuma cututtukansun da ke lalata lafiyar ɗan adam a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Onestini 219–226">{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=2011-02-06 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |issn=0790-0627 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Amfani da ruwa mai gurbatawa da rashin samun ruwa mai tsabta suna da alaƙa da cututtukan kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga damuwa da jiki da rikice-rikice na amfani da ruwa.<ref name="Onestini 219–226" /> Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun barkewar cutar a Latin Amurka shine annobar kwalara ta yankin 1991-1993.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koo |first=Denise |last2=Traverso |first2=Héctor |last3=Libel |first3=Marlo |last4=Drasbek |first4=Christopher |last5=Tauxe |first5=Robert |last6=Brandling-Bennett |first6=David |date=February 1997 |title=El cólera epidémico en América Latina de 1991 a 1993: implicaciones de las definiciones de casos usadas en la vigilancia sanitaria |journal=Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.1590/s1020-49891997000200001 |issn=1020-4989 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a cikin ƙauyuka na Lima, Peru ya ba da rahoton cewa kusan kashi 15% na waɗannan ƙauyuka matalauta suna da tanadin ruwa a cikin gida, wanda ke tilasta wa waɗannan mazauna samun ruwa daga masu sayar da ruwa na al'ada waɗanda ba a gudanar da su ta hanyar kananan hukumomi ko kamfanoni masu amfani ba. Ingancin wannan ruwa ba shi da lafiya, asalin su da yanayin tsaftacewa ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma an ruwaito cewa wannan ruwa yana dauke da gurbataccen abu. Haɗe da tankunan ajiya marasa tsabta waɗanda ke ƙara gurɓata wannan ruwa, cututtukan gastrointestinal da ke dauke da ruwa sun shafi kashi 22% na wannan matalauta yawan birane a lokacin binciken.<ref name="Onestini 219–226">{{Cite journal |last=Onestini |first=Maria |date=2011-02-06 |title=Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=219–226 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 |issn=0790-0627 |s2cid=154427438 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOnestini2011">Onestini, Maria (2011-02-06). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.537244 "Water Quality and Health in Poor Urban Areas of Latin America"]</span>. ''International Journal of Water Resources Development''. '''27''' (1): <span class="nowrap">219–</span>226. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/07900627.2010.537244|10.1080/07900627.2010.537244]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0790-0627 0790-0627]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154427438 154427438].</cite></ref> Sauran binciken da aka yi a Argentina sun ba da rahoton cewa an gano tanadin ruwan sha na gwamnatocin birni da ke dauke da matakan gurbataccen abubuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kashi 10% na yawan mutanen kasar suna fuskantar cinyewar arsenic da aka samu a cikin ruwan da suke cinyewa, musamman a yankunan da ba su da kayan aikin tsabtace ruwa.<ref name="Onestini 219–226" /> == Manazarta == 03tyeheo2a9lgvtba7tq6f14x17i4wj 0 152484 840902 2026-05-28T05:57:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355350592|List of responsibilities in the water supply and sanitation sector in Latin America and the Caribbean]]" 840902 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan jerin ayyuka ne daban-daban a bangaren samar da ruwa da tsabta a kasashe da yawa na Latin Amurka da Caribbean. Ya haɗa da cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin waɗanda suka kafa manufofin bangarorin, hukumomin tsarin tattalin arziki da masu ba da sabis a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. Jerin na iya ba da bayanin da aka sauƙaƙe ne kawai a lokuta da yawa saboda nauyin da ke tattare da / ko ma'anar da ba a bayyana ba. Don ƙarin bayani game da samar da ruwa da tsabta a kowace ƙasa, don Allah danna hanyar haɗin ƙasar. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Kasar !Manufofin bangarorin !Tsarin tattalin arziki !Bayar da sabis (birane) <br /> !Bayar da sabis (yanki na ƙauyuka) <br /> |- |Argentina |A matakin lardin |14 daga cikin larduna 23 suna da hukumomin tsarawa | colspan="2" |Ƙungiyoyin jama'a, hadin gwiwa da masu zaman kansu na nau'o'i daban-daban |- |Bolivia |Ma'aikatar Ruwa |Superintendencia de Saneamiento básico (SISAB) |Gundumar, EPSAs (haɗe ko kamfanoni na jama'a da hadin gwiwa) |Kwamitin ruwa ko kwamitocin ruwa |- |Brazil |Ma'aikatar Birane |Gundumar; Hukumomin Gudanarwa a cikin jihohi 14 | colspan="2" |Gundumar, kamfanonin ruwa da magudanar ruwa na jihar |- |Chile |Ma'aikatar Tsabtace Tsabtacen Ma'aikalin Ayyuka |Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (SISS) |Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko kamfanoni masu zaman su a matakin yanki |Kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa da allon ruwa |- |Colombia |Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Gidaje da Ci gaban Yankin |Hukumar Kula da Ruwa mai sha da Ruwa ta asali (CRA), Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a |Gundumar, kai tsaye ko ta hanyar jama'a ko masu zaman kansu |Allunan ruwa na gari |- |Costa Rica |Ma'aikatar Lafiya |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a (ARESEP) | colspan="2" |Cibiyar Costarricense ta Acueductos da Alcantarillados (AyA), kananan hukumomi, Kamfanin Ayyukan Jama'a na Heredia (ESPH S.A.), Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Tsarin Ruwa na Karkara (CAARs) da Ƙungiyoyin Gudanarwa da Tsarin Ruwa da Sanitation (ASADAS), ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki da tsarin ruwa |- |Cuba | colspan="2" |Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa (INRH) da ma'aikatu |Gundumomi da kananan hukumomi ta hanyar gudanarwar ruwa da tsabtace muhalli, PSP a Habana |Tsarin ruwa na karkara 3,220 |- |Jamhuriyar Dominica |Sakatariyar Fasaha ta Shugaban kasa |Babu |Kamfanoni na yanki a cikin manyan birane, Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa da Alcantarillados (INAPA) |Allunan ruwa na al'umma |- |Ecuador |Subsecretaría de Agua Potable, Saneamiento y Residuos Sólidos (SPASyRS) a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Birane da Gidaje da sauransu (hakikanin da suka shafi) |Babu, ECAPAG a Guayaquil |Gundumar (kai tsaye ko ta hanyar kayan aiki), PSP a Guayaquil |Fiye da allon ruwa mai sha 5,000 |- |El Salvador | colspan="2" |Gudanar da Ruwa da Ruwa na Kasa (ANDA) |Gudanar da Ruwa da Ruwa na Kasa (ANDA) (40%), kananan hukumomi, masu ba da sabis, masu haɓaka gidaje |Fiye da kungiyoyi 800 na al'umma, gami da allon ruwa da kungiyoyin ci gaban hadin gwiwa |- |Guatemala |Babu shugaba mai haske; Cibiyoyi daban-daban, gami da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Cibiyar Fomento Municipal (INFOM), Ma'aikatu ta Muhalli da Sakatariyar Shirye-shiryen a Ofishin Shugaban kasa |Babu |Gundumar, jama'a, al'umma da masu zaman kansu |Al'ummomi ta hanyar kwamitocin ruwa |- |Guyana |Ma'aikatar Gidaje da Ruwa |Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a (PUC) | colspan="2" |Guyana Water Incorporated (GWI) (na jama'a) |- |Haiti | colspan="2" |De facto: Matakan wucin gadi na Ministan Ayyuka na Jama'a, Sufuri da Sadarwa; babu manufofin dogon lokaci |CAMEP (Centrale Autonome Métropolitaine d'Eau Potable) a cikin babban birnin Port-au-Prince, da SNEP (Service National d'Eou Potable), a cikin birane na biyu |Kwamitin Ruwa (Kwamitocin samar da Ruwa mai sha - CAEPs) |- |Honduras |Majalisar Ruwa Mai Sannu da Tsabtace Ruwa (CONASA) |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Ruwa Mai Sannu da Tsabtace (ERSAPS), hukumomin kula da gida |Gundumar, The National Autonomous Service of Aqueductos and Ruwa (SANAA), PSP a San Pedro Sula |Kwamitin Ruwa (Juntas masu gudanar da Ruwa - JAA) |- |Jamaica |Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Gidaje (MWH) |Ofishin Kula da Ayyuka (OUR) |Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa (NWC) da ƙananan masu ba da sabis masu zaman kansu guda uku |NWC da majalisun Ikklisiya |- |Mexico |Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa (CONAGUA), Kwamitin Ruwa na Jiha a matakin yanki |Babu |Gundumar da jihohi kai tsaye ko ta hanyar hadin gwiwa, kayan aiki na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu |Allunan ruwa (Juntas) |- |Nicaragua |Hukumar Ruwa Mai Sannu ta Kasa da Ruwa Mai Tsarki (CONAPAS) |Cibiyar Nicaraguan ta Ruwa da Ruwa (INAA) |Kamfanin Nicaragüense na Acueductos da Alcantarillados (ENACAL), kananan hukumomi, kamfanin ruwa na sashen a Rio Blanco |Kwamitin ruwa mai sha |- |Panama |Ma'aikatar Lafiya |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Kasa (ANSP) |Cibiyar Ruwa da Alcantaeillados ta Kasa (IDAAN), karamar hukumar Boquete |Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ruwa na Karkara (JAARs), Kwamitin Lafiya |- |Paraguay |Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a |Hukumar Kula da Lafiya (ERSSAN) | colspan="2" |Kamfanin Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Paraguay (ESSAP), Juntas de Saneamiento, Aguateros (masu ba da sabis na al'ada a cikin ƙananan garuruwa) |- |Peru |Mataimakin Ma'aikatar Gine-gine da Wuri Mai Tsarki (VMCS); Hukumar Wuri Mai Lafiya ta Kasa (DNS) |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Tsabtace Ruwa ta Kasa (SUNASS) |Sabis na Ruwa Mai Sako da Ruwa na Lima (SEDAPAL), Kamfanoni 53 Masu ba da Ayyuka na Municipal (EPS), birane |Kwamitin ruwa na gudanarwa |- |Uruguay |Dirección Nacional de Aguas y Saneamiento (DINASA) a cikin Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Gudanar da Kasa da Muhalli |Rukunin Gudanar da Ayyukan Makamashi da Ruwa (URSEA) | colspan="2" |Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Jiha (OSE) |- |Venezuela |Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa |Babu wani a zahiri |Compañía Anónima Hidrológica de Venezuela (HIDROVEN), kamfanonin ruwa guda biyar, Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG), kananan hukumomi, hadin gwiwar birane |Kungiyoyin da ke cikin al'umma |} == Dubi kuma == Ruwa da tsabta a Latin Amurka 0p0ckxonjwabx63l931cz245t6osrsl 840903 840902 2026-05-28T05:57:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 840903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin ayyuka ne daban-daban a bangaren samar da ruwa da tsabta a kasashe da yawa na Latin Amurka da Caribbean. Ya haɗa da cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin waɗanda suka kafa manufofin bangarorin, hukumomin tsarin tattalin arziki da masu ba da sabis a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. Jerin na iya ba da bayanin da aka sauƙaƙe ne kawai a lokuta da yawa saboda nauyin da ke tattare da / ko ma'anar da ba a bayyana ba. Don ƙarin bayani game da samar da ruwa da tsabta a kowace ƙasa, don Allah danna hanyar haɗin ƙasar. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Kasar !Manufofin bangarorin !Tsarin tattalin arziki !Bayar da sabis (birane) <br /> !Bayar da sabis (yanki na ƙauyuka) <br /> |- |Argentina |A matakin lardin |14 daga cikin larduna 23 suna da hukumomin tsarawa | colspan="2" |Ƙungiyoyin jama'a, hadin gwiwa da masu zaman kansu na nau'o'i daban-daban |- |Bolivia |Ma'aikatar Ruwa |Superintendencia de Saneamiento básico (SISAB) |Gundumar, EPSAs (haɗe ko kamfanoni na jama'a da hadin gwiwa) |Kwamitin ruwa ko kwamitocin ruwa |- |Brazil |Ma'aikatar Birane |Gundumar; Hukumomin Gudanarwa a cikin jihohi 14 | colspan="2" |Gundumar, kamfanonin ruwa da magudanar ruwa na jihar |- |Chile |Ma'aikatar Tsabtace Tsabtacen Ma'aikalin Ayyuka |Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios (SISS) |Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko kamfanoni masu zaman su a matakin yanki |Kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa da allon ruwa |- |Colombia |Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Gidaje da Ci gaban Yankin |Hukumar Kula da Ruwa mai sha da Ruwa ta asali (CRA), Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a |Gundumar, kai tsaye ko ta hanyar jama'a ko masu zaman kansu |Allunan ruwa na gari |- |Costa Rica |Ma'aikatar Lafiya |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a (ARESEP) | colspan="2" |Cibiyar Costarricense ta Acueductos da Alcantarillados (AyA), kananan hukumomi, Kamfanin Ayyukan Jama'a na Heredia (ESPH S.A.), Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Tsarin Ruwa na Karkara (CAARs) da Ƙungiyoyin Gudanarwa da Tsarin Ruwa da Sanitation (ASADAS), ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki da tsarin ruwa |- |Cuba | colspan="2" |Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa (INRH) da ma'aikatu |Gundumomi da kananan hukumomi ta hanyar gudanarwar ruwa da tsabtace muhalli, PSP a Habana |Tsarin ruwa na karkara 3,220 |- |Jamhuriyar Dominica |Sakatariyar Fasaha ta Shugaban kasa |Babu |Kamfanoni na yanki a cikin manyan birane, Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa da Alcantarillados (INAPA) |Allunan ruwa na al'umma |- |Ecuador |Subsecretaría de Agua Potable, Saneamiento y Residuos Sólidos (SPASyRS) a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Birane da Gidaje da sauransu (hakikanin da suka shafi) |Babu, ECAPAG a Guayaquil |Gundumar (kai tsaye ko ta hanyar kayan aiki), PSP a Guayaquil |Fiye da allon ruwa mai sha 5,000 |- |El Salvador | colspan="2" |Gudanar da Ruwa da Ruwa na Kasa (ANDA) |Gudanar da Ruwa da Ruwa na Kasa (ANDA) (40%), kananan hukumomi, masu ba da sabis, masu haɓaka gidaje |Fiye da kungiyoyi 800 na al'umma, gami da allon ruwa da kungiyoyin ci gaban hadin gwiwa |- |Guatemala |Babu shugaba mai haske; Cibiyoyi daban-daban, gami da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Cibiyar Fomento Municipal (INFOM), Ma'aikatu ta Muhalli da Sakatariyar Shirye-shiryen a Ofishin Shugaban kasa |Babu |Gundumar, jama'a, al'umma da masu zaman kansu |Al'ummomi ta hanyar kwamitocin ruwa |- |Guyana |Ma'aikatar Gidaje da Ruwa |Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a (PUC) | colspan="2" |Guyana Water Incorporated (GWI) (na jama'a) |- |Haiti | colspan="2" |De facto: Matakan wucin gadi na Ministan Ayyuka na Jama'a, Sufuri da Sadarwa; babu manufofin dogon lokaci |CAMEP (Centrale Autonome Métropolitaine d'Eau Potable) a cikin babban birnin Port-au-Prince, da SNEP (Service National d'Eou Potable), a cikin birane na biyu |Kwamitin Ruwa (Kwamitocin samar da Ruwa mai sha - CAEPs) |- |Honduras |Majalisar Ruwa Mai Sannu da Tsabtace Ruwa (CONASA) |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Ruwa Mai Sannu da Tsabtace (ERSAPS), hukumomin kula da gida |Gundumar, The National Autonomous Service of Aqueductos and Ruwa (SANAA), PSP a San Pedro Sula |Kwamitin Ruwa (Juntas masu gudanar da Ruwa - JAA) |- |Jamaica |Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Gidaje (MWH) |Ofishin Kula da Ayyuka (OUR) |Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa (NWC) da ƙananan masu ba da sabis masu zaman kansu guda uku |NWC da majalisun Ikklisiya |- |Mexico |Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa (CONAGUA), Kwamitin Ruwa na Jiha a matakin yanki |Babu |Gundumar da jihohi kai tsaye ko ta hanyar hadin gwiwa, kayan aiki na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu |Allunan ruwa (Juntas) |- |Nicaragua |Hukumar Ruwa Mai Sannu ta Kasa da Ruwa Mai Tsarki (CONAPAS) |Cibiyar Nicaraguan ta Ruwa da Ruwa (INAA) |Kamfanin Nicaragüense na Acueductos da Alcantarillados (ENACAL), kananan hukumomi, kamfanin ruwa na sashen a Rio Blanco |Kwamitin ruwa mai sha |- |Panama |Ma'aikatar Lafiya |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Kasa (ANSP) |Cibiyar Ruwa da Alcantaeillados ta Kasa (IDAAN), karamar hukumar Boquete |Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ruwa na Karkara (JAARs), Kwamitin Lafiya |- |Paraguay |Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a |Hukumar Kula da Lafiya (ERSSAN) | colspan="2" |Kamfanin Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Paraguay (ESSAP), Juntas de Saneamiento, Aguateros (masu ba da sabis na al'ada a cikin ƙananan garuruwa) |- |Peru |Mataimakin Ma'aikatar Gine-gine da Wuri Mai Tsarki (VMCS); Hukumar Wuri Mai Lafiya ta Kasa (DNS) |Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Tsabtace Ruwa ta Kasa (SUNASS) |Sabis na Ruwa Mai Sako da Ruwa na Lima (SEDAPAL), Kamfanoni 53 Masu ba da Ayyuka na Municipal (EPS), birane |Kwamitin ruwa na gudanarwa |- |Uruguay |Dirección Nacional de Aguas y Saneamiento (DINASA) a cikin Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Gudanar da Kasa da Muhalli |Rukunin Gudanar da Ayyukan Makamashi da Ruwa (URSEA) | colspan="2" |Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Jiha (OSE) |- |Venezuela |Ma'aikatar Muhalli da albarkatun kasa |Babu wani a zahiri |Compañía Anónima Hidrológica de Venezuela (HIDROVEN), kamfanonin ruwa guda biyar, Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG), kananan hukumomi, hadin gwiwar birane |Kungiyoyin da ke cikin al'umma |} == Dubi kuma == Ruwa da tsabta a Latin Amurka g06pp2tb0glijrqtka36wao1ntum69h 0 152485 840905 2026-05-28T05:58:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1289093561|List of countries by access to clean water]]" 840905 wikitext text/x-wiki Samun damar samun ruwa mai tsabta a duniya babbar ƙalubale ce ta duniya wacce ke shafar kiwon lafiya, jin daɗi, da ci gaban mutane a duk duniya. Duk da yake an sami ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, miliyoyin mutane har yanzu ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsabta da tsabta. A cewar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) da [[UNICEF]], tun daga shekarar 2020, kimanin mutane biliyan biyu a duniya ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=World Water Day: Two billion people still lack access to safely managed water |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/world-water-day-two-billion-people-still-lack-access-safely-managed-water |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=blogs.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rashin samun dama yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban, gami da karuwar rauni ga cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa, rage damar ilimi, rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, da nauyin tattalin arziki. == Matsayi ta hanyar samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa == ingantaccen tushen ruwa, kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta bayyana, yana nufin tushen ruwan sha wanda ke samar da isasshen ruwa mai aminci don amfani da mutum. Misalan ingantaccen tushen ruwa sun haɗa da haɗin ruwa, rijiyoyi masu kariya, ramuka tare da famfo na hannu, an kunshe ko isar da ruwa da tsarin tattara ruwan sama tare da magani mai dacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of the population without access to an improved water source |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-without-improved-water |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" !Rank !Country / dependency !{{Abbr|%<br/>unimp.<br/>water|Share without access to an improved water source (in percent)}} !Year |- |1 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |47.40% |2022 |- |2 |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |42.00% |2022 |- |3 |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |40.90% |2022 |- |4 |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |37.10% |2022 |- |5 |{{Flag|Chad}} |35.50% |2022 |- |6 |{{Flag|Angola}} |33.00% |2022 |- |7 |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |32.38% |2017 |- |8 |{{Flag|Niger}} |31.50% |2022 |- |9 |{{Flag|Eritrea}} |30.55% |2016 |- |10 |{{Flag|Kenya}} |28.50% |2022 |- |11 |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27.20% |2022 |- |12 |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |27.00% |2022 |- |13 |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}} |26.90% |2020 |- |14 |{{Flag|Zambia}} |25.30% |2022 |- |15 |{{Flag|Benin}} |24.60% |2022 |- |16 |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |23.40% |2022 |- |17 |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |23.20% |2022 |- |18 |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |23.00% |2022 |- |19 |{{Flag|Haiti}} |22.90% |2022 |- |20 |{{Flag|Togo}} |22.80% |2022 |- |21 |{{Flag|South Sudan}} |21.50% |2022 |- |22 |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |21.00% |2022 |- |23 |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |20.50% |2022 |- |24 |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |20.00% |2022 |- |25 |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |18.90% |2022 |- |26 |{{Flag|Burundi}} |18.20% |2022 |- |27 |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |16.90% |2022 |- |28 |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |16.78% |2020 |- |29 |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |16.70% |2022 |- |30 |{{Flag|Eswatini}} |16.60% |2022 |- |31 |{{Flag|Guinea}} |16.40% |2022 |- |32 |{{Flag|Cameroon}} |16.20% |2022 |- |33 |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |16.10% |2022 |- |34 |{{Flag|Uganda}} |15.80% |2022 |- |35 |{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |15.75% |2020 |- |36 |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |15.60% |2022 |- |37 |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |15.50% |2022 |- |38 |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |15.40% |2022 |- |39 |{{Flag|Liberia}} |14.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |40 |{{Flag|Somalia}} |13.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} |13.30% |2022 |- |42 |{{Flag|Mali}} |11.70% |2022 |- |43 |{{Flag|East Timor}} |11.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |44 |{{Flag|Laos}} |11.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} |11.00% |2022 |- |46 |{{Flag|Morocco}} |10.90% |2022 |- |47 |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |10.50% |2022 |- |48 |{{Flag|Poland}} |9.60% |2022 |- |49 |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |9.30% |2022 |- |50 |{{Flag|Djibouti}} |9.10% |2022 |- |51 |{{Flag|Comoros}} |8.93% |2019 |- |52 |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |8.90% |2022 |- |53 |{{Flag|Yemen}} |8.80% |2022 |- |54 |{{Flag|Gambia}} |8.40% |2022 |- |55 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |8.10% |2022 |- |56 |{{Flag|Malawi}} |7.30% |2022 |- |57 |{{Flag|Namibia}} |7.00% |2022 |- |58 |{{Flag|Republic of Moldova}} |6.40% |2022 |- |59 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |6.30% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |60 |{{Flag|Sudan}} |6.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |6.20% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |62 |{{Flag|Bolivia}} |5.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} |5.70% |2022 |- |64 |{{Flag|French Guiana}} |5.60% |2022 |- |65 |{{Flag|North Korea}} |5.40% |2022 |- |66 |{{Flag|Gabon}} |5.10% |2022 |- |67 |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5.00% |2022 |- |68 |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |4.90% |2022 |- |69 |{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} |4.85% |2018 |- |70 |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |4.69% |2020 |- | rowspan="2" |71 |{{Flag|Peru}} |4.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} |4.60% |2022 |- |73 |{{Flag|Dominica}} |4.58% |2017 |- |74 |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |4.50% |2022 |- |75 |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |4.40% |2022 |- |76 |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |4.30% |2022 |- |77 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |4.00% |2022 |- |78 |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |3.90% |2022 |- |79 |{{Flag|Fiji}} |3.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="3" |80 |{{Flag|Mayotte}} |3.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Seychelles}} |3.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |3.60% |2022 |- |83 |{{Flag|Panama}} |3.50% |2022 |- |84 |{{Flag|Grenada}} |3.21% |2017 |- |85 |{{Flag|Honduras}} |3.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |86 |{{Flag|Albania}} |3.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |3.00% |2022 |- |88 |{{Flag|Botswana}} |2.90% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |89 |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |2.80% |2022 |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} |2.80% |2022 |- |91 |{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |2.70% |2022 |- |92 |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |2.62% |2020 |- |93 |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |2.52% |2017 |- | rowspan="2" |94 |{{Flag|India}} |2.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |2.50% |2022 |- |96 |{{Flag|Cuba}} |2.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="5" |97 |{{Flag|Sao Tome and Principe}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Russia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Georgia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |102 |{{Flag|Aruba}} |2.13% |2016 |- | rowspan="2" |103 |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |2.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |2.00% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |105 |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |1.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|China}} |1.90% |2022 |- |107 |{{Flag|Guyana}} |1.70% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |108 |{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |1.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |1.60% |2022 |- |110 |{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |1.39% |2017 |- |111 |{{Flag|Croatia}} |1.32% |2007 |- | rowspan="2" |112 |{{Flag|Saint Lucia}} |1.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |1.30% |2022 |- |114 |{{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}} |1.28% |2020 |- | rowspan="3" |115 |{{Flag|Barbados}} |1.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |1.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} |1.20% |2022 |- |118 |{{Flag|Bahamas}} |1.11% |2019 |- | rowspan="2" |119 |{{Flag|Egypt}} |1.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |1.00% |2022 |- |121 |{{Flag|Argentina}} |0.98% |2016 |- | rowspan="5" |122 |{{Flag|Suriname}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |0.90% |2022 |- |127 |{{Flag|Canada}} |0.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="7" |128 |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Samoa}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} |0.70% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |135 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |0.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |0.60% |2022 |- | rowspan="5" |137 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Curacao}} |0.50% |2017 |- | rowspan="6" |142 |{{Flag|Palau}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iran}} |0.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="10" |148 |{{Flag|Belize}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Palestine}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tonga}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Guam}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tokelau}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Martinique}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |0.30% |2022 |- |158 |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |0.23% |2020 |- | rowspan="3" |159 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |0.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |0.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |0.20% |2022 |- | rowspan="15" |162 |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Guadeloupe}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Libya}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Brunei}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Italy}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Spain}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Reunion}} |0.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="51" |177 |{{Flag|United States}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Cook Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Qatar}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|France}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Andorra}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Romania}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Greece}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Estonia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Chile}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Malta}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Faroe Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macao}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Barthelemy}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Nauru}} |0.00% |2020 |} Jerin ƙasashe ta rabon yawan jama'a tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci. Ruwa mai aminci shine ruwa daga ingantaccen tushen ruwa wanda yake abin dogaro kuma ba shi da gurɓata. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Rank !Country !Share with access to safe <br /><br /> drinking water (%) !Year |- | rowspan="10" |1 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macau}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Barthelemy}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |100.00% |2022 |- |13 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |99.97% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |14 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |99.92% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |99.92% |2022 |- |16 |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |99.87% |2022 |- |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |99.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |18 |{{Flag|Malta}} |99.77% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |99.77% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |20 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |99.74% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |99.74% |2022 |- |22 |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |99.71% |2022 |- |23 |{{Flag|France}} |99.70% |2022 |- |24 |{{Flag|Finland}} |99.64% |2022 |- |25 |{{Flag|Spain}} |99.57% |2022 |- |26 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |99.53% |2022 |- |27 |{{Flag|Israel}} |99.47% |2022 |- |28 |{{Flag|South Korea}} |99.28% |2022 |- |29 |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |99.18% |2022 |- |30 |{{Flag|Guam}} |99.06% |2022 |- |31 |{{Flag|Canada}} |99.04% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |32 |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |98.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |98.90% |2022 |- |34 |{{Flag|Greece}} |98.88% |2022 |- |35 |{{Flag|Norway}} |98.82% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |36 |{{Flag|Chile}} |98.77% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Martinique}} |98.77% |2022 |- |38 |{{Flag|Japan}} |98.66% |2022 |- |39 |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |98.36% |2020 |- |40 |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |98.27% |2022 |- |41 |{{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}} |97.94% |2020 |- |42 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |97.88% |2022 |- |43 |{{Flag|United States}} |97.47% |2022 |- |44 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |97.11% |2022 |- |45 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |97.02% |2022 |- |46 |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |96.87% |2022 |- |47 |{{Flag|Greenland}} |96.74% |2020 |- |48 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |96.70% |2022 |- |49 |{{Flag|Qatar}} |96.65% |2022 |- |50 |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |96.63% |2022 |- |51 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |95.99% |2022 |- |52 |{{Flag|Reunion}} |95.75% |2022 |- |53 |{{Flag|Guadeloupe}} |95.71% |2022 |- |54 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |95.65% |2022 |- |55 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |95.16% |2022 |- |56 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |94.98% |2022 |- |57 |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |94.88% |2022 |- |58 |{{Flag|Iran}} |94.22% |2022 |- |59 |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |93.94% |2022 |- |60 |{{Flag|Niue}} |93.54% |2022 |- |61 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |93.10% |2022 |- |62 |{{Flag|Italy}} |92.71% |2022 |- |63 |{{Flag|Mayotte}} |92.46% |2022 |- |64 |{{Flag|French Guiana}} |91.49% |2022 |- |65 |{{Flag|Oman}} |90.85% |2022 |- |66 |{{Flag|Andorra}} |90.64% |2022 |- |67 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |90.64% |2022 |- |68 |{{Flag|Palau}} |90.44% |2022 |- |69 |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |89.33% |2020 |- |70 |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |89.23% |2022 |- |71 |{{Flag|Poland}} |88.91% |2022 |- |72 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |87.62% |2022 |- |73 |{{Flag|Brazil}} |87.26% |2022 |- |74 |{{Flag|Grenada}} |87.12% |2017 |- |75 |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |86.97% |2022 |- |76 |{{Flag|Jordan}} |85.71% |2022 |- |77 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |85.12% |2022 |- |78 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |82.41% |2022 |- |79 |{{Flag|Croatia}} |82.14% |2007 |- |80 |{{Flag|Romania}} |82.07% |2022 |- |81 |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |81.81% |2022 |- |82 |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |80.51% |2022 |- |83 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |80.45% |2022 |- |84 |{{Flag|Palestine}} |80.33% |2022 |- |85 |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |79.85% |2022 |- |86 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |76.49% |2022 |- |87 |{{Flag|Russia}} |76.23% |2022 |- |88 |{{Flag|Republic of Moldova}} |75.22% |2022 |- |89 |{{Flag|Serbia}} |75.08% |2022 |- |90 |{{Flag|Morocco}} |74.82% |2022 |- |91 |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |74.30% |2022 |- |92 |{{Flag|Colombia}} |73.86% |2022 |- |93 |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |73.34% |2022 |- |94 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |71.61% |2022 |- |95 |{{Flag|Albania}} |70.74% |2022 |- |96 |{{Flag|Algeria}} |70.60% |2022 |- |97 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |69.14% |2022 |- |98 |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |68.88% |2022 |- |99 |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |67.09% |2022 |- |100 |{{Flag|North Korea}} |66.53% |2022 |- |101 |{{Flag|Honduras}} |65.21% |2022 |- |102 |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |64.22% |2022 |- |103 |{{Flag|Samoa}} |62.19% |2022 |- |104 |{{Flag|Iraq}} |59.74% |2022 |- |105 |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |59.11% |2022 |- |106 |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |57.78% |2022 |- |107 |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |57.40% |2022 |- |108 |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |56.29% |2022 |- |109 |{{Flag|Suriname}} |55.80% |2022 |- |110 |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |55.52% |2020 |- |111 |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |55.29% |2022 |- |112 |{{Flag|Peru}} |51.99% |2022 |- |113 |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |50.60% |2022 |- |114 |{{Flag|Philippines}} |47.90% |2022 |- |115 |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |47.70% |2022 |- |116 |{{Flag|Gambia}} |47.67% |2022 |- |117 |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |47.13% |2022 |- |118 |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |47.09% |2022 |- |119 |{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |45.90% |2020 |- |120 |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |44.94% |2022 |- |121 |{{Flag|Ghana}} |44.47% |2022 |- |122 |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |43.89% |2022 |- |123 |{{Flag|Mexico}} |43.04% |2022 |- |124 |{{Flag|Fiji}} |41.86% |2022 |- |125 |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |39.28% |2022 |- |126 |{{Flag|Sao Tome and Principe}} |36.30% |2022 |- |127 |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |30.27% |2022 |- |128 |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |30.03% |2022 |- |129 |{{Flag|Tonga}} |29.53% |2022 |- |130 |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |29.13% |2022 |- |131 |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |28.98% |2022 |- |132 |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |28.22% |2022 |- |133 |{{Flag|Senegal}} |26.69% |2022 |- |134 |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |26.52% |2022 |- |135 |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |23.87% |2022 |- |136 |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |22.24% |2022 |- |137 |{{Flag|Togo}} |19.42% |2022 |- |138 |{{Flag|Uganda}} |18.68% |2022 |- |139 |{{Flag|Laos}} |17.87% |2022 |- |140 |{{Flag|Malawi}} |17.76% |2022 |- |141 |{{Flag|Nepal}} |16.12% |2022 |- |142 |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |14.41% |2022 |- |143 |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |13.24% |2022 |- |144 |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |12.10% |2020 |- |145 |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |11.58% |2022 |- |146 |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |11.34% |2022 |- |147 |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |10.26% |2022 |- |148 |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} |8.71% |2022 |- |149 |{{Flag|Chad}} |6.25% |2022 |- |150 |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6.13% |2022 |} == Manazarta == qkxjwqsuw1pbwfnckaz49h16i1yp0aa 840906 840905 2026-05-28T05:59:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 840906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samun damar samun ruwa mai tsabta a duniya babbar ƙalubale ce ta duniya wacce ke shafar kiwon lafiya, jin daɗi, da ci gaban mutane a duk duniya. Duk da yake an sami ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, miliyoyin mutane har yanzu ba su da damar samun ruwa mai tsabta da tsabta. A cewar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) da [[UNICEF]], tun daga shekarar 2020, kimanin mutane biliyan biyu a duniya ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=World Water Day: Two billion people still lack access to safely managed water |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/world-water-day-two-billion-people-still-lack-access-safely-managed-water |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=blogs.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rashin samun dama yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban, gami da karuwar rauni ga cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa, rage damar ilimi, rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, da nauyin tattalin arziki. == Matsayi ta hanyar samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa == ingantaccen tushen ruwa, kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta bayyana, yana nufin tushen ruwan sha wanda ke samar da isasshen ruwa mai aminci don amfani da mutum. Misalan ingantaccen tushen ruwa sun haɗa da haɗin ruwa, rijiyoyi masu kariya, ramuka tare da famfo na hannu, an kunshe ko isar da ruwa da tsarin tattara ruwan sama tare da magani mai dacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Share of the population without access to an improved water source |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-without-improved-water |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" !Rank !Country / dependency !{{Abbr|%<br/>unimp.<br/>water|Share without access to an improved water source (in percent)}} !Year |- |1 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |47.40% |2022 |- |2 |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |42.00% |2022 |- |3 |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |40.90% |2022 |- |4 |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |37.10% |2022 |- |5 |{{Flag|Chad}} |35.50% |2022 |- |6 |{{Flag|Angola}} |33.00% |2022 |- |7 |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |32.38% |2017 |- |8 |{{Flag|Niger}} |31.50% |2022 |- |9 |{{Flag|Eritrea}} |30.55% |2016 |- |10 |{{Flag|Kenya}} |28.50% |2022 |- |11 |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27.20% |2022 |- |12 |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |27.00% |2022 |- |13 |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}} |26.90% |2020 |- |14 |{{Flag|Zambia}} |25.30% |2022 |- |15 |{{Flag|Benin}} |24.60% |2022 |- |16 |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |23.40% |2022 |- |17 |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |23.20% |2022 |- |18 |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |23.00% |2022 |- |19 |{{Flag|Haiti}} |22.90% |2022 |- |20 |{{Flag|Togo}} |22.80% |2022 |- |21 |{{Flag|South Sudan}} |21.50% |2022 |- |22 |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |21.00% |2022 |- |23 |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |20.50% |2022 |- |24 |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |20.00% |2022 |- |25 |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |18.90% |2022 |- |26 |{{Flag|Burundi}} |18.20% |2022 |- |27 |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |16.90% |2022 |- |28 |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |16.78% |2020 |- |29 |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |16.70% |2022 |- |30 |{{Flag|Eswatini}} |16.60% |2022 |- |31 |{{Flag|Guinea}} |16.40% |2022 |- |32 |{{Flag|Cameroon}} |16.20% |2022 |- |33 |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |16.10% |2022 |- |34 |{{Flag|Uganda}} |15.80% |2022 |- |35 |{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |15.75% |2020 |- |36 |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |15.60% |2022 |- |37 |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |15.50% |2022 |- |38 |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |15.40% |2022 |- |39 |{{Flag|Liberia}} |14.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |40 |{{Flag|Somalia}} |13.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} |13.30% |2022 |- |42 |{{Flag|Mali}} |11.70% |2022 |- |43 |{{Flag|East Timor}} |11.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |44 |{{Flag|Laos}} |11.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} |11.00% |2022 |- |46 |{{Flag|Morocco}} |10.90% |2022 |- |47 |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |10.50% |2022 |- |48 |{{Flag|Poland}} |9.60% |2022 |- |49 |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |9.30% |2022 |- |50 |{{Flag|Djibouti}} |9.10% |2022 |- |51 |{{Flag|Comoros}} |8.93% |2019 |- |52 |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |8.90% |2022 |- |53 |{{Flag|Yemen}} |8.80% |2022 |- |54 |{{Flag|Gambia}} |8.40% |2022 |- |55 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |8.10% |2022 |- |56 |{{Flag|Malawi}} |7.30% |2022 |- |57 |{{Flag|Namibia}} |7.00% |2022 |- |58 |{{Flag|Republic of Moldova}} |6.40% |2022 |- |59 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |6.30% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |60 |{{Flag|Sudan}} |6.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |6.20% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |62 |{{Flag|Bolivia}} |5.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} |5.70% |2022 |- |64 |{{Flag|French Guiana}} |5.60% |2022 |- |65 |{{Flag|North Korea}} |5.40% |2022 |- |66 |{{Flag|Gabon}} |5.10% |2022 |- |67 |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5.00% |2022 |- |68 |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |4.90% |2022 |- |69 |{{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} |4.85% |2018 |- |70 |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |4.69% |2020 |- | rowspan="2" |71 |{{Flag|Peru}} |4.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} |4.60% |2022 |- |73 |{{Flag|Dominica}} |4.58% |2017 |- |74 |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |4.50% |2022 |- |75 |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |4.40% |2022 |- |76 |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |4.30% |2022 |- |77 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |4.00% |2022 |- |78 |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |3.90% |2022 |- |79 |{{Flag|Fiji}} |3.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="3" |80 |{{Flag|Mayotte}} |3.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Seychelles}} |3.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |3.60% |2022 |- |83 |{{Flag|Panama}} |3.50% |2022 |- |84 |{{Flag|Grenada}} |3.21% |2017 |- |85 |{{Flag|Honduras}} |3.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |86 |{{Flag|Albania}} |3.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |3.00% |2022 |- |88 |{{Flag|Botswana}} |2.90% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |89 |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |2.80% |2022 |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} |2.80% |2022 |- |91 |{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |2.70% |2022 |- |92 |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |2.62% |2020 |- |93 |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |2.52% |2017 |- | rowspan="2" |94 |{{Flag|India}} |2.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |2.50% |2022 |- |96 |{{Flag|Cuba}} |2.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="5" |97 |{{Flag|Sao Tome and Principe}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Russia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Georgia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} |2.30% |2022 |- |102 |{{Flag|Aruba}} |2.13% |2016 |- | rowspan="2" |103 |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |2.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |2.00% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |105 |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |1.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|China}} |1.90% |2022 |- |107 |{{Flag|Guyana}} |1.70% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |108 |{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |1.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |1.60% |2022 |- |110 |{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |1.39% |2017 |- |111 |{{Flag|Croatia}} |1.32% |2007 |- | rowspan="2" |112 |{{Flag|Saint Lucia}} |1.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |1.30% |2022 |- |114 |{{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}} |1.28% |2020 |- | rowspan="3" |115 |{{Flag|Barbados}} |1.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |1.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} |1.20% |2022 |- |118 |{{Flag|Bahamas}} |1.11% |2019 |- | rowspan="2" |119 |{{Flag|Egypt}} |1.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |1.00% |2022 |- |121 |{{Flag|Argentina}} |0.98% |2016 |- | rowspan="5" |122 |{{Flag|Suriname}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |0.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |0.90% |2022 |- |127 |{{Flag|Canada}} |0.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="7" |128 |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Samoa}} |0.70% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} |0.70% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |135 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |0.60% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |0.60% |2022 |- | rowspan="5" |137 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} |0.50% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Curacao}} |0.50% |2017 |- | rowspan="6" |142 |{{Flag|Palau}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |0.40% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iran}} |0.40% |2022 |- | rowspan="10" |148 |{{Flag|Belize}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Palestine}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tonga}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Guam}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Tokelau}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Martinique}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |0.30% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |0.30% |2022 |- |158 |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |0.23% |2020 |- | rowspan="3" |159 |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |0.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |0.20% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |0.20% |2022 |- | rowspan="15" |162 |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Guadeloupe}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Libya}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Brunei}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Italy}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Spain}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |0.10% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Reunion}} |0.10% |2022 |- | rowspan="51" |177 |{{Flag|United States}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Cook Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Qatar}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|France}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Andorra}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Romania}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Greece}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Estonia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Chile}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Malta}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Faroe Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macao}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Barthelemy}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} |0.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Nauru}} |0.00% |2020 |} Jerin ƙasashe ta rabon yawan jama'a tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci. Ruwa mai aminci shine ruwa daga ingantaccen tushen ruwa wanda yake abin dogaro kuma ba shi da gurɓata. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Rank !Country !Share with access to safe <br /><br /> drinking water (%) !Year |- | rowspan="10" |1 |{{Flag|Hungary}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Macau}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Saint Barthelemy}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100.00% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |100.00% |2022 |- |13 |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |99.97% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |14 |{{Flag|Denmark}} |99.92% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |99.92% |2022 |- |16 |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |99.87% |2022 |- |17 |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |99.80% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |18 |{{Flag|Malta}} |99.77% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |99.77% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |20 |{{Flag|Belgium}} |99.74% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |99.74% |2022 |- |22 |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |99.71% |2022 |- |23 |{{Flag|France}} |99.70% |2022 |- |24 |{{Flag|Finland}} |99.64% |2022 |- |25 |{{Flag|Spain}} |99.57% |2022 |- |26 |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |99.53% |2022 |- |27 |{{Flag|Israel}} |99.47% |2022 |- |28 |{{Flag|South Korea}} |99.28% |2022 |- |29 |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |99.18% |2022 |- |30 |{{Flag|Guam}} |99.06% |2022 |- |31 |{{Flag|Canada}} |99.04% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |32 |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |98.90% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |98.90% |2022 |- |34 |{{Flag|Greece}} |98.88% |2022 |- |35 |{{Flag|Norway}} |98.82% |2022 |- | rowspan="2" |36 |{{Flag|Chile}} |98.77% |2022 |- |{{Flag|Martinique}} |98.77% |2022 |- |38 |{{Flag|Japan}} |98.66% |2022 |- |39 |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |98.36% |2020 |- |40 |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |98.27% |2022 |- |41 |{{Flag|United States Virgin Islands}} |97.94% |2020 |- |42 |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |97.88% |2022 |- |43 |{{Flag|United States}} |97.47% |2022 |- |44 |{{Flag|Latvia}} |97.11% |2022 |- |45 |{{Flag|Estonia}} |97.02% |2022 |- |46 |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |96.87% |2022 |- |47 |{{Flag|Greenland}} |96.74% |2020 |- |48 |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |96.70% |2022 |- |49 |{{Flag|Qatar}} |96.65% |2022 |- |50 |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |96.63% |2022 |- |51 |{{Flag|Ireland}} |95.99% |2022 |- |52 |{{Flag|Reunion}} |95.75% |2022 |- |53 |{{Flag|Guadeloupe}} |95.71% |2022 |- |54 |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |95.65% |2022 |- |55 |{{Flag|Portugal}} |95.16% |2022 |- |56 |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |94.98% |2022 |- |57 |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |94.88% |2022 |- |58 |{{Flag|Iran}} |94.22% |2022 |- |59 |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |93.94% |2022 |- |60 |{{Flag|Niue}} |93.54% |2022 |- |61 |{{Flag|Belarus}} |93.10% |2022 |- |62 |{{Flag|Italy}} |92.71% |2022 |- |63 |{{Flag|Mayotte}} |92.46% |2022 |- |64 |{{Flag|French Guiana}} |91.49% |2022 |- |65 |{{Flag|Oman}} |90.85% |2022 |- |66 |{{Flag|Andorra}} |90.64% |2022 |- |67 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |90.64% |2022 |- |68 |{{Flag|Palau}} |90.44% |2022 |- |69 |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |89.33% |2020 |- |70 |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |89.23% |2022 |- |71 |{{Flag|Poland}} |88.91% |2022 |- |72 |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |87.62% |2022 |- |73 |{{Flag|Brazil}} |87.26% |2022 |- |74 |{{Flag|Grenada}} |87.12% |2017 |- |75 |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |86.97% |2022 |- |76 |{{Flag|Jordan}} |85.71% |2022 |- |77 |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |85.12% |2022 |- |78 |{{Flag|Armenia}} |82.41% |2022 |- |79 |{{Flag|Croatia}} |82.14% |2007 |- |80 |{{Flag|Romania}} |82.07% |2022 |- |81 |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |81.81% |2022 |- |82 |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |80.51% |2022 |- |83 |{{Flag|Macedonia}} |80.45% |2022 |- |84 |{{Flag|Palestine}} |80.33% |2022 |- |85 |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |79.85% |2022 |- |86 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |76.49% |2022 |- |87 |{{Flag|Russia}} |76.23% |2022 |- |88 |{{Flag|Republic of Moldova}} |75.22% |2022 |- |89 |{{Flag|Serbia}} |75.08% |2022 |- |90 |{{Flag|Morocco}} |74.82% |2022 |- |91 |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |74.30% |2022 |- |92 |{{Flag|Colombia}} |73.86% |2022 |- |93 |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |73.34% |2022 |- |94 |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |71.61% |2022 |- |95 |{{Flag|Albania}} |70.74% |2022 |- |96 |{{Flag|Algeria}} |70.60% |2022 |- |97 |{{Flag|Georgia}} |69.14% |2022 |- |98 |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |68.88% |2022 |- |99 |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |67.09% |2022 |- |100 |{{Flag|North Korea}} |66.53% |2022 |- |101 |{{Flag|Honduras}} |65.21% |2022 |- |102 |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |64.22% |2022 |- |103 |{{Flag|Samoa}} |62.19% |2022 |- |104 |{{Flag|Iraq}} |59.74% |2022 |- |105 |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |59.11% |2022 |- |106 |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |57.78% |2022 |- |107 |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |57.40% |2022 |- |108 |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |56.29% |2022 |- |109 |{{Flag|Suriname}} |55.80% |2022 |- |110 |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |55.52% |2020 |- |111 |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |55.29% |2022 |- |112 |{{Flag|Peru}} |51.99% |2022 |- |113 |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |50.60% |2022 |- |114 |{{Flag|Philippines}} |47.90% |2022 |- |115 |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |47.70% |2022 |- |116 |{{Flag|Gambia}} |47.67% |2022 |- |117 |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |47.13% |2022 |- |118 |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |47.09% |2022 |- |119 |{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |45.90% |2020 |- |120 |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |44.94% |2022 |- |121 |{{Flag|Ghana}} |44.47% |2022 |- |122 |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |43.89% |2022 |- |123 |{{Flag|Mexico}} |43.04% |2022 |- |124 |{{Flag|Fiji}} |41.86% |2022 |- |125 |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |39.28% |2022 |- |126 |{{Flag|Sao Tome and Principe}} |36.30% |2022 |- |127 |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |30.27% |2022 |- |128 |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |30.03% |2022 |- |129 |{{Flag|Tonga}} |29.53% |2022 |- |130 |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |29.13% |2022 |- |131 |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |28.98% |2022 |- |132 |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |28.22% |2022 |- |133 |{{Flag|Senegal}} |26.69% |2022 |- |134 |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |26.52% |2022 |- |135 |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |23.87% |2022 |- |136 |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |22.24% |2022 |- |137 |{{Flag|Togo}} |19.42% |2022 |- |138 |{{Flag|Uganda}} |18.68% |2022 |- |139 |{{Flag|Laos}} |17.87% |2022 |- |140 |{{Flag|Malawi}} |17.76% |2022 |- |141 |{{Flag|Nepal}} |16.12% |2022 |- |142 |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |14.41% |2022 |- |143 |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |13.24% |2022 |- |144 |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |12.10% |2020 |- |145 |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |11.58% |2022 |- |146 |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |11.34% |2022 |- |147 |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |10.26% |2022 |- |148 |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} |8.71% |2022 |- |149 |{{Flag|Chad}} |6.25% |2022 |- |150 |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6.13% |2022 |} == Manazarta == dcnttt9xquvdicanmv53n7cwq5h10vw 0 152486 840907 2026-05-28T06:03:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349033244|WASH]]" 840907 wikitext text/x-wiki   ''''''WaSH'''''' (ko '''WatSan''', WaSH; wanda ya samo asali ne daga haruffa na farko na "[[Samar da Ruwa|ruwa]], [[Tsafta|tsabta]] da tsabta") wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar ci gaba, ko a cikin kananan hukumomi, wanda ke ba da ruwa, tsabta, da sabis na tsabta ga al'ummomi. Babban manufar samar da damar yin amfani da ayyukan WASH shine don cimma nasarar kiwon lafiya na jama'a, aiwatar da [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli|Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta]], rage nauyin tattara ruwan sha ga mata, da inganta ilimi da sakamakon kiwon lafiya a makarantu da wuraren kiwon lafiya. Samun dama ga ayyukan WASH wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Tsaro na ruwa]].<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Duniyar duniya, mai araha, da kuma samun dama mai ɗorewa ga WASH babban batu ne a cikin ci gaban kasa da kasa, kuma shine mayar da hankali ga manufofi biyu na farko na Ci gaba mai ɗorewar Ci gaba 6 (SDG 6). <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Goal 6 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg6 |access-date=2017-11-17 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en}}</ref> Manufofin 6.1 da 6.2 suna da niyyar samun ruwa mai daidaituwa da tsabta ga kowa. A cikin 2017, an kiyasta cewa mutane biliyan 2.3 suna rayuwa ba tare da kayan aikin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ba, kuma mutane miliyan 844 suna rayuwa ba ba tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabta ba. Ƙididdigar WASH tana amfani da ita sosai ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da hukumomin agaji a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]]. An yi nazarin nauyin cutar da raunin da ake samu a WASH sosai. Cututtuka da yanayin da ke da alaƙa da rashin WASH sun haɗa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]], [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], da raguwa, ban da Cututtukan da aka yi watsi da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burden of disease |url=https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/burden-of-disease |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mata, alal misali, yayin [[Juna biyu|ciki]] da haihuwa, ko kuma dangane da kula da tsabtace haila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Padma |last2=Baker |first2=Kelly K. |last3=Dutta |first3=Ambarish |last4=Swain |first4=Tapoja |last5=Sahoo |first5=Sunita |last6=Das |first6=Bhabani Sankar |last7=Panda |first7=Bijay |last8=Nayak |first8=Arati |last9=Bara |first9=Mary |last10=Bilung |first10=Bibiana |last11=Mishra |first11=Pravas Ranjan |last12=Panigrahi |first12=Pinaki |last13=Cairncross |first13=Sandy |last14=Torondel |first14=Belen |date=30 June 2015 |title=Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1030777D |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0130777 |pmc=4488331 |pmid=26125184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin ciki na yau da kullun na iya samun mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan yara dangane da ci gaban jiki da fahimta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation & Hygiene: Strategy Overview |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Water-Sanitation-and-Hygiene |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref> Duk da haka, tattara takamaiman shaidar kimiyya game da sakamakon kiwon lafiya wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen damar zuwa WASH yana da wahala saboda dalilai masu rikitarwa. Masana sun ba da shawarar buƙatar nazarin dogon lokaci game da ingancin fasaha, ƙarin bincike game da tsoma baki na tsabta, da kuma nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da yawa don inganta nazarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya na WASH.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Waddington H, Snilstveit B, White H, Fewtrell L |date=2012 |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries |url=http://3ieimpact.org/evidence-hub/publications/systematic-reviews/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-interventions-combat |journal=Journal of Development Effectiveness |doi=10.23846/sr0017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana buƙatar samun damar zuwa WASH ba kawai a matakin gida ba har ma a cikin saitunan da ba na gida ba kamar makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya, wuraren aiki, kurkuku, saitunan amfani na wucin gadi da kuma ga yawan mutanen da suka rabu.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Cronk |first=Ryan |last2=Slaymaker |first2=Tom |last3=Bartram |first3=Jamie |date=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438463915000267 |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |language=en |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003 |pmid=25836758}}</ref> A makarantu, wuraren wanke hannu na rukuni na iya inganta tsabta. Rashin wuraren WASH a makarantu sau da yawa yakan sa ɗaliban mata kada su halarci makaranta, don haka rage nasarorin da suka samu a ilimi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Introduction |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_3951.html |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Yana da wahala a samar da ayyukan WASH masu sarrafawa cikin aminci a cikin ƙauyuka na birane. Tsarin WASH na iya kasawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan shigarwa (misali, [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]] mai leki). Ƙarin ƙalubale sun haɗa da tushen ruwa mai gurɓata da [[Tsaro na ruwa|Tasirin]] [[Canjin yanayi]] akan tsaro na ruwa. Hanyoyin tsarawa don samun dama mai aminci da daidaito ga WASH sun haɗa da, alal misali, shirye-shiryen WASH na ƙasa da saka idanu, Ƙarfafa mata, da inganta yanayin yanayi na ayyukan WASH. Kyakkyawan iyawa a cikin tsarin kula da ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan wasu tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi da kara karfin yanayi.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> : 25 Masu ruwa da tsaki a ma'auni daban-daban, alal misali, daga ƙananan kayan aiki na birane zuwa gwamnatocin ƙasa, suna buƙatar samun damar samun bayanai masu aminci game da yanayin yankin da duk wani canje-canje da ake tsammani saboda canjin yanayi. Tunanin WASH ya haɗa bangarori daban-daban na samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]], gami da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha, tsaftacewa, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] saboda tasirin raunin a kowane yanki ya mamaye sosai. [[Fayil:Water_Lebuje_camp,_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mata sun yi layi a rami don cika kwantena da ruwa (Labuje IDP camp, Kitgum, Kitgum District, Northern Region of Uganda) Yankin Arewacin Uganda) ]] [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] state that a safe drinking water service is one that is located in an accessible location, available when needed, and uncontaminated. Additionally, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] use the terms [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|improved water source]] and unimproved water source as a water quality monitoring tool. The term "improved water source" refers to piped water on premises. Examples include a piped household water connection located inside the user's dwelling plot or yard, and other improved drinking water sources such as public taps or [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|standpipes]], [[Ruwa mai zurfi|tube wells]] or [[Rijiyar burtsatse|boreholes]], protected dug [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|wells]], protected [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|springs]], and [[Girbi ruwan sama|rainwater collection]]. Samun damar ruwan sha an haɗa shi a cikin Manufar 6.1 na Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa Manufar 6 (SDG 6), wanda ya ce: "Zuwa 2030, cimma damar samun ruwa mai kyau da kuma daidaito ga kowa da kowa. " <ref name="UN_A/RES/71/313">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement |website=United Nations |id=A/RES/71/313 |quote=Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}}</ref> Wannan alamar manufa guda ɗaya, Mai nuna 6.1.1, wanda ya bayyana "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwa mai sarrafawa". <ref name="Ritchie_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina |date=2018 |title=Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. (SDG 6) |url=https://sdg-tracker.org/water-and-sanitation |journal=SDG-Tracker.org}}</ref> A cikin 2017, mutane miliyan 844 har yanzu ba su da sabis na ruwan sha na asali. : 3 A cikin 2019, an ruwaito cewa mutane miliyan 435 sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba a inganta su ba don ruwan sha, kuma miliyan 144 har yanzu suna amfani da ruwan sama, kamar tabkuna da rafi. Ana iya samun ruwan sha daga tushen ruwa masu zuwa: ruwa na sama, [[Ruwa na kasa|Ruwa na ƙasa]], ko ruwan sama, a kowane hali bayan tattarawa, magani, da rarrabawa. Rashin ruwa mai tsabta shine wani tushen ruwa mai kyau. Mutanen da ba su da damar samun amintaccen, abin dogaro, samar da ruwa na cikin gida suna fuskantar karancin [[Tsaro na ruwa]] a takamaiman lokuta a ko'ina cikin shekara saboda sauye-sauye na sake zagayowar ruwa ko inganci.<ref>{{Cite book|ref=6}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Taye |first=Meron Teferi |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |date=22 August 2019 |title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water -- a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate |url=http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Misali, inda ba a samun damar samun ruwa a cikin gida ba, [[ingancin ruwa]] sha a wurin amfani (PoU) na iya zama mafi muni idan aka kwatanta da inganci a wurin tattarawa (PoC). Ayyukan gida masu kyau game da tsabta, ajiya, da magani suna da mahimmanci. Akwai hulɗa tsakanin yanayi, tushen ruwa, da gudanarwa, kuma waɗannan su ma suna tasiri ga lafiyar ruwan sha.<ref name="Katrina20222">{{Cite journal |last=Charles |first=Katrina J. |last2=Howard |first2=Guy |last3=Villalobos Prats |first3=Elena |last4=Gruber |first4=Joshua |last5=Alam |first5=Sadekul |last6=Alamgir |first6=A.S.M. |last7=Baidya |first7=Manish |last8=Flora |first8=Meerjady Sabrina |last9=Haque |first9=Farhana |last10=Hassan |first10=S.M. Quamrul |last11=Islam |first11=Saiful |date=2022 |title=Infrastructure alone cannot ensure resilience to weather events in drinking water supplies |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=813 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.81351876C |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151876 |pmid=34826465 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan tsaftacewa ba za su cika ba tare da ingantaccen sarrafa laka ba (FSM), wanda shine ajiya, tattarawa, sufuri, magani, da kuma amfani da ƙarshen aminci ko zubar da laka. : 3 An bayyana laka na Fecal sosai kamar yadda abin da ke tarawa a cikin tsarin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace wuri]] (misali latrines, tankuna da mafita na kwantena) kuma musamman ba a jigilar shi ta hanyar datti.<ref name=":73" /> : Ma'aikatan [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] 5 su ne mutanen da ake buƙata don tsaftacewa, kiyayewa, aiki, ko zubar da fasahar [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a kowane mataki na sarkar tsabtace muvalangi. === Manazarta === 2uhk0tn7bu7fw4jct8abb0qy1j2au6c 840908 840907 2026-05-28T06:03:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 840908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '<nowiki/>'''''WaSH'''''' (ko '''WatSan''', WaSH; wanda ya samo asali ne daga haruffa na farko na "[[Samar da Ruwa|ruwa]], [[Tsafta|tsabta]] da tsabta") wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar ci gaba, ko a cikin kananan hukumomi, wanda ke ba da ruwa, tsabta, da sabis na tsabta ga al'ummomi. Babban manufar samar da damar yin amfani da ayyukan WASH shine don cimma nasarar kiwon lafiya na jama'a, aiwatar da [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli|Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta]], rage nauyin tattara ruwan sha ga mata, da inganta ilimi da sakamakon kiwon lafiya a makarantu da wuraren kiwon lafiya. Samun dama ga ayyukan WASH wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Tsaro na ruwa]].<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Duniyar duniya, mai araha, da kuma samun dama mai ɗorewa ga WASH babban batu ne a cikin ci gaban kasa da kasa, kuma shine mayar da hankali ga manufofi biyu na farko na Ci gaba mai ɗorewar Ci gaba 6 (SDG 6). <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Goal 6 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg6 |access-date=2017-11-17 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en}}</ref> Manufofin 6.1 da 6.2 suna da niyyar samun ruwa mai daidaituwa da tsabta ga kowa. A cikin 2017, an kiyasta cewa mutane biliyan 2.3 suna rayuwa ba tare da kayan aikin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ba, kuma mutane miliyan 844 suna rayuwa ba ba tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabta ba. Ƙididdigar WASH tana amfani da ita sosai ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da hukumomin agaji a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]]. An yi nazarin nauyin cutar da raunin da ake samu a WASH sosai. Cututtuka da yanayin da ke da alaƙa da rashin WASH sun haɗa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]], [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], da raguwa, ban da Cututtukan da aka yi watsi da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burden of disease |url=https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/burden-of-disease |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mata, alal misali, yayin [[Juna biyu|ciki]] da haihuwa, ko kuma dangane da kula da tsabtace haila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Padma |last2=Baker |first2=Kelly K. |last3=Dutta |first3=Ambarish |last4=Swain |first4=Tapoja |last5=Sahoo |first5=Sunita |last6=Das |first6=Bhabani Sankar |last7=Panda |first7=Bijay |last8=Nayak |first8=Arati |last9=Bara |first9=Mary |last10=Bilung |first10=Bibiana |last11=Mishra |first11=Pravas Ranjan |last12=Panigrahi |first12=Pinaki |last13=Cairncross |first13=Sandy |last14=Torondel |first14=Belen |date=30 June 2015 |title=Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1030777D |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0130777 |pmc=4488331 |pmid=26125184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin ciki na yau da kullun na iya samun mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan yara dangane da ci gaban jiki da fahimta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation & Hygiene: Strategy Overview |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Water-Sanitation-and-Hygiene |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref> Duk da haka, tattara takamaiman shaidar kimiyya game da sakamakon kiwon lafiya wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen damar zuwa WASH yana da wahala saboda dalilai masu rikitarwa. Masana sun ba da shawarar buƙatar nazarin dogon lokaci game da ingancin fasaha, ƙarin bincike game da tsoma baki na tsabta, da kuma nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da yawa don inganta nazarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya na WASH.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Waddington H, Snilstveit B, White H, Fewtrell L |date=2012 |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries |url=http://3ieimpact.org/evidence-hub/publications/systematic-reviews/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-interventions-combat |journal=Journal of Development Effectiveness |doi=10.23846/sr0017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana buƙatar samun damar zuwa WASH ba kawai a matakin gida ba har ma a cikin saitunan da ba na gida ba kamar makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya, wuraren aiki, kurkuku, saitunan amfani na wucin gadi da kuma ga yawan mutanen da suka rabu.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Cronk |first=Ryan |last2=Slaymaker |first2=Tom |last3=Bartram |first3=Jamie |date=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438463915000267 |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |language=en |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003 |pmid=25836758}}</ref> A makarantu, wuraren wanke hannu na rukuni na iya inganta tsabta. Rashin wuraren WASH a makarantu sau da yawa yakan sa ɗaliban mata kada su halarci makaranta, don haka rage nasarorin da suka samu a ilimi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Introduction |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_3951.html |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Yana da wahala a samar da ayyukan WASH masu sarrafawa cikin aminci a cikin ƙauyuka na birane. Tsarin WASH na iya kasawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan shigarwa (misali, [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]] mai leki). Ƙarin ƙalubale sun haɗa da tushen ruwa mai gurɓata da [[Tsaro na ruwa|Tasirin]] [[Canjin yanayi]] akan tsaro na ruwa. Hanyoyin tsarawa don samun dama mai aminci da daidaito ga WASH sun haɗa da, alal misali, shirye-shiryen WASH na ƙasa da saka idanu, Ƙarfafa mata, da inganta yanayin yanayi na ayyukan WASH. Kyakkyawan iyawa a cikin tsarin kula da ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan wasu tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi da kara karfin yanayi.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> : 25 Masu ruwa da tsaki a ma'auni daban-daban, alal misali, daga ƙananan kayan aiki na birane zuwa gwamnatocin ƙasa, suna buƙatar samun damar samun bayanai masu aminci game da yanayin yankin da duk wani canje-canje da ake tsammani saboda canjin yanayi. Tunanin WASH ya haɗa bangarori daban-daban na samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]], gami da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha, tsaftacewa, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] saboda tasirin raunin a kowane yanki ya mamaye sosai. [[Fayil:Water_Lebuje_camp,_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mata sun yi layi a rami don cika kwantena da ruwa (Labuje IDP camp, Kitgum, Kitgum District, Northern Region of Uganda) Yankin Arewacin Uganda) ]] [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] state that a safe drinking water service is one that is located in an accessible location, available when needed, and uncontaminated. Additionally, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] use the terms [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|improved water source]] and unimproved water source as a water quality monitoring tool. The term "improved water source" refers to piped water on premises. Examples include a piped household water connection located inside the user's dwelling plot or yard, and other improved drinking water sources such as public taps or [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|standpipes]], [[Ruwa mai zurfi|tube wells]] or [[Rijiyar burtsatse|boreholes]], protected dug [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|wells]], protected [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|springs]], and [[Girbi ruwan sama|rainwater collection]]. Samun damar ruwan sha an haɗa shi a cikin Manufar 6.1 na Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa Manufar 6 (SDG 6), wanda ya ce: "Zuwa 2030, cimma damar samun ruwa mai kyau da kuma daidaito ga kowa da kowa. " <ref name="UN_A/RES/71/313">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement |website=United Nations |id=A/RES/71/313 |quote=Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}}</ref> Wannan alamar manufa guda ɗaya, Mai nuna 6.1.1, wanda ya bayyana "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwa mai sarrafawa". <ref name="Ritchie_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina |date=2018 |title=Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. (SDG 6) |url=https://sdg-tracker.org/water-and-sanitation |journal=SDG-Tracker.org}}</ref> A cikin 2017, mutane miliyan 844 har yanzu ba su da sabis na ruwan sha na asali. : 3 A cikin 2019, an ruwaito cewa mutane miliyan 435 sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba a inganta su ba don ruwan sha, kuma miliyan 144 har yanzu suna amfani da ruwan sama, kamar tabkuna da rafi. Ana iya samun ruwan sha daga tushen ruwa masu zuwa: ruwa na sama, [[Ruwa na kasa|Ruwa na ƙasa]], ko ruwan sama, a kowane hali bayan tattarawa, magani, da rarrabawa. Rashin ruwa mai tsabta shine wani tushen ruwa mai kyau. Mutanen da ba su da damar samun amintaccen, abin dogaro, samar da ruwa na cikin gida suna fuskantar karancin [[Tsaro na ruwa]] a takamaiman lokuta a ko'ina cikin shekara saboda sauye-sauye na sake zagayowar ruwa ko inganci.<ref>{{Cite book|ref=6}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Taye |first=Meron Teferi |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |date=22 August 2019 |title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water -- a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate |url=http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Misali, inda ba a samun damar samun ruwa a cikin gida ba, [[ingancin ruwa]] sha a wurin amfani (PoU) na iya zama mafi muni idan aka kwatanta da inganci a wurin tattarawa (PoC). Ayyukan gida masu kyau game da tsabta, ajiya, da magani suna da mahimmanci. Akwai hulɗa tsakanin yanayi, tushen ruwa, da gudanarwa, kuma waɗannan su ma suna tasiri ga lafiyar ruwan sha.<ref name="Katrina20222">{{Cite journal |last=Charles |first=Katrina J. |last2=Howard |first2=Guy |last3=Villalobos Prats |first3=Elena |last4=Gruber |first4=Joshua |last5=Alam |first5=Sadekul |last6=Alamgir |first6=A.S.M. |last7=Baidya |first7=Manish |last8=Flora |first8=Meerjady Sabrina |last9=Haque |first9=Farhana |last10=Hassan |first10=S.M. Quamrul |last11=Islam |first11=Saiful |date=2022 |title=Infrastructure alone cannot ensure resilience to weather events in drinking water supplies |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=813 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.81351876C |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151876 |pmid=34826465 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan tsaftacewa ba za su cika ba tare da ingantaccen sarrafa laka ba (FSM), wanda shine ajiya, tattarawa, sufuri, magani, da kuma amfani da ƙarshen aminci ko zubar da laka. : 3 An bayyana laka na Fecal sosai kamar yadda abin da ke tarawa a cikin tsarin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace wuri]] (misali latrines, tankuna da mafita na kwantena) kuma musamman ba a jigilar shi ta hanyar datti.<ref name=":73" /> : Ma'aikatan [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] 5 su ne mutanen da ake buƙata don tsaftacewa, kiyayewa, aiki, ko zubar da fasahar [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a kowane mataki na sarkar tsabtace muvalangi. === Manazarta === j0m23bn2zc9ktytxr00ysf4hjll1plb 840909 840908 2026-05-28T06:04:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 840909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '<nowiki/>'''''WaSH'''''' (ko '''WatSan''', WaSH; wanda ya samo asali ne daga haruffa na farko na "[[Samar da Ruwa|ruwa]], [[Tsafta|tsabta]] da tsabta") wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar ci gaba, ko a cikin kananan hukumomi, wanda ke ba da ruwa, tsabta, da sabis na tsabta ga al'ummomi. Babban manufar samar da damar yin amfani da ayyukan WASH shine don cimma nasarar kiwon lafiya na jama'a, aiwatar da [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli|Hakkin ɗan adam ga ruwa da tsabta]], rage nauyin tattara ruwan sha ga mata, da inganta ilimi da sakamakon kiwon lafiya a makarantu da wuraren kiwon lafiya. Samun dama ga ayyukan WASH wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Tsaro na ruwa]].<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Duniyar duniya, mai araha, da kuma samun dama mai ɗorewa ga WASH babban batu ne a cikin ci gaban kasa da kasa, kuma shine mayar da hankali ga manufofi biyu na farko na Ci gaba mai ɗorewar Ci gaba 6 (SDG 6). <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Goal 6 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg6 |access-date=2017-11-17 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en}}</ref> Manufofin 6.1 da 6.2 suna da niyyar samun ruwa mai daidaituwa da tsabta ga kowa. A cikin 2017, an kiyasta cewa mutane biliyan 2.3 suna rayuwa ba tare da kayan aikin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ba, kuma mutane miliyan 844 suna rayuwa ba ba tare da samun ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabta ba. Ƙididdigar WASH tana amfani da ita sosai ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da hukumomin agaji a [[Developing country|Kasashe masu tasowa]]. An yi nazarin nauyin cutar da raunin da ake samu a WASH sosai. Cututtuka da yanayin da ke da alaƙa da rashin WASH sun haɗa da [[Gudawa/Zawo|zawo]], [[Rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], da raguwa, ban da Cututtukan da aka yi watsi da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burden of disease |url=https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/burden-of-disease |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Akwai ƙarin haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mata, alal misali, yayin [[Juna biyu|ciki]] da haihuwa, ko kuma dangane da kula da tsabtace haila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Padma |last2=Baker |first2=Kelly K. |last3=Dutta |first3=Ambarish |last4=Swain |first4=Tapoja |last5=Sahoo |first5=Sunita |last6=Das |first6=Bhabani Sankar |last7=Panda |first7=Bijay |last8=Nayak |first8=Arati |last9=Bara |first9=Mary |last10=Bilung |first10=Bibiana |last11=Mishra |first11=Pravas Ranjan |last12=Panigrahi |first12=Pinaki |last13=Cairncross |first13=Sandy |last14=Torondel |first14=Belen |date=30 June 2015 |title=Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1030777D |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0130777 |pmc=4488331 |pmid=26125184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin ciki na yau da kullun na iya samun mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan yara dangane da ci gaban jiki da fahimta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation & Hygiene: Strategy Overview |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Water-Sanitation-and-Hygiene |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref> Duk da haka, tattara takamaiman shaidar kimiyya game da sakamakon kiwon lafiya wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen damar zuwa WASH yana da wahala saboda dalilai masu rikitarwa. Masana sun ba da shawarar buƙatar nazarin dogon lokaci game da ingancin fasaha, ƙarin bincike game da tsoma baki na tsabta, da kuma nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da yawa don inganta nazarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya na WASH.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Waddington H, Snilstveit B, White H, Fewtrell L |date=2012 |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries |url=http://3ieimpact.org/evidence-hub/publications/systematic-reviews/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-interventions-combat |journal=Journal of Development Effectiveness |doi=10.23846/sr0017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana buƙatar samun damar zuwa WASH ba kawai a matakin gida ba har ma a cikin saitunan da ba na gida ba kamar makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya, wuraren aiki, kurkuku, saitunan amfani na wucin gadi da kuma ga yawan mutanen da suka rabu.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Cronk |first=Ryan |last2=Slaymaker |first2=Tom |last3=Bartram |first3=Jamie |date=2015 |title=Monitoring drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in non-household settings: Priorities for policy and practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438463915000267 |journal=International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health |language=en |volume=218 |issue=8 |pages=694–703 |bibcode=2015IJHEH.218..694C |doi=10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.003 |pmid=25836758}}</ref> A makarantu, wuraren wanke hannu na rukuni na iya inganta tsabta. Rashin wuraren WASH a makarantu sau da yawa yakan sa ɗaliban mata kada su halarci makaranta, don haka rage nasarorin da suka samu a ilimi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Introduction |url=http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_3951.html |access-date=27 April 2015 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Yana da wahala a samar da ayyukan WASH masu sarrafawa cikin aminci a cikin ƙauyuka na birane. Tsarin WASH na iya kasawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan shigarwa (misali, [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]] mai leki). Ƙarin ƙalubale sun haɗa da tushen ruwa mai gurɓata da [[Tsaro na ruwa|Tasirin]] [[Canjin yanayi]] akan tsaro na ruwa. Hanyoyin tsarawa don samun dama mai aminci da daidaito ga WASH sun haɗa da, alal misali, shirye-shiryen WASH na ƙasa da saka idanu, Ƙarfafa mata, da inganta yanayin yanayi na ayyukan WASH. Kyakkyawan iyawa a cikin tsarin kula da ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen shawo kan wasu tasirin abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi da kara karfin yanayi.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=REACH Global Strategy 2020-2024 |url=https://reachwater.org.uk/resource/reach-global-strategy-2020-2024/ |website=REACH program |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> : 25 Masu ruwa da tsaki a ma'auni daban-daban, alal misali, daga ƙananan kayan aiki na birane zuwa gwamnatocin ƙasa, suna buƙatar samun damar samun bayanai masu aminci game da yanayin yankin da duk wani canje-canje da ake tsammani saboda canjin yanayi. Tunanin WASH ya haɗa bangarori daban-daban na samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]], gami da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ruwan sha, tsaftacewa, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] saboda tasirin raunin a kowane yanki ya mamaye sosai. [[Fayil:Water_Lebuje_camp,_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Mata sun yi layi a rami don cika kwantena da ruwa (Labuje IDP camp, Kitgum, Kitgum District, Northern Region of Uganda) Yankin Arewacin Uganda) ]] [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] state that a safe drinking water service is one that is located in an accessible location, available when needed, and uncontaminated. Additionally, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] and [[UNICEF]] use the terms [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|improved water source]] and unimproved water source as a water quality monitoring tool. The term "improved water source" refers to piped water on premises. Examples include a piped household water connection located inside the user's dwelling plot or yard, and other improved drinking water sources such as public taps or [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|standpipes]], [[Ruwa mai zurfi|tube wells]] or [[Rijiyar burtsatse|boreholes]], protected dug [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|wells]], protected [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|springs]], and [[Girbi ruwan sama|rainwater collection]]. Samun damar ruwan sha an haɗa shi a cikin Manufar 6.1 na Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa Manufar 6 (SDG 6), wanda ya ce: "Zuwa 2030, cimma damar samun ruwa mai kyau da kuma daidaito ga kowa da kowa. " <ref name="UN_A/RES/71/313">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N17/207/63/PDF/N1720763.pdf?OpenElement |website=United Nations |id=A/RES/71/313 |quote=Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}}</ref> Wannan alamar manufa guda ɗaya, Mai nuna 6.1.1, wanda ya bayyana "Rashin yawan jama'a ta amfani da ayyukan ruwa mai sarrafawa". <ref name="Ritchie_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina |date=2018 |title=Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. (SDG 6) |url=https://sdg-tracker.org/water-and-sanitation |journal=SDG-Tracker.org}}</ref> A cikin 2017, mutane miliyan 844 har yanzu ba su da sabis na ruwan sha na asali. : 3 A cikin 2019, an ruwaito cewa mutane miliyan 435 sun yi amfani da hanyoyin da ba a inganta su ba don ruwan sha, kuma miliyan 144 har yanzu suna amfani da ruwan sama, kamar tabkuna da rafi. Ana iya samun ruwan sha daga tushen ruwa masu zuwa: ruwa na sama, [[Ruwa na kasa|Ruwa na ƙasa]], ko ruwan sama, a kowane hali bayan tattarawa, magani, da rarrabawa. Rashin ruwa mai tsabta shine wani tushen ruwa mai kyau. Mutanen da ba su da damar samun amintaccen, abin dogaro, samar da ruwa na cikin gida suna fuskantar karancin [[Tsaro na ruwa]] a takamaiman lokuta a ko'ina cikin shekara saboda sauye-sauye na sake zagayowar ruwa ko inganci.<ref>{{Cite book|ref=6}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Taye |first=Meron Teferi |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |date=22 August 2019 |title=Ethiopia's future is tied to water -- a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate |url=http://theconversation.com/ethiopias-future-is-tied-to-water-a-vital-yet-threatened-resource-in-a-changing-climate-121844 |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Misali, inda ba a samun damar samun ruwa a cikin gida ba, [[ingancin ruwa]] sha a wurin amfani (PoU) na iya zama mafi muni idan aka kwatanta da inganci a wurin tattarawa (PoC). Ayyukan gida masu kyau game da tsabta, ajiya, da magani suna da mahimmanci. Akwai hulɗa tsakanin yanayi, tushen ruwa, da gudanarwa, kuma waɗannan su ma suna tasiri ga lafiyar ruwan sha.<ref name="Katrina20222">{{Cite journal |last=Charles |first=Katrina J. |last2=Howard |first2=Guy |last3=Villalobos Prats |first3=Elena |last4=Gruber |first4=Joshua |last5=Alam |first5=Sadekul |last6=Alamgir |first6=A.S.M. |last7=Baidya |first7=Manish |last8=Flora |first8=Meerjady Sabrina |last9=Haque |first9=Farhana |last10=Hassan |first10=S.M. Quamrul |last11=Islam |first11=Saiful |date=2022 |title=Infrastructure alone cannot ensure resilience to weather events in drinking water supplies |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=813 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.81351876C |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151876 |pmid=34826465 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan tsaftacewa ba za su cika ba tare da ingantaccen sarrafa laka ba (FSM), wanda shine ajiya, tattarawa, sufuri, magani, da kuma amfani da ƙarshen aminci ko zubar da laka. : 3 An bayyana laka na Fecal sosai kamar yadda abin da ke tarawa a cikin tsarin [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace wuri]] (misali latrines, tankuna da mafita na kwantena) kuma musamman ba a jigilar shi ta hanyar datti.<ref name=":73" /> : Ma'aikatan [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] 5 su ne mutanen da ake buƙata don tsaftacewa, kiyayewa, aiki, ko zubar da fasahar [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] a kowane mataki na sarkar tsabtace muvalangi. == Manazarta == ssakkm3jpm6evnpfuezcqv330q5edvp 0 152487 840910 2026-05-28T06:04:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732358|Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador]]" 840910 wikitext text/x-wiki Samun '''ruwan sha da tsaftacewa a [[Salvador|El Salvador]]''' ya karu sosai. Wani binciken da Jami'ar North Carolina ta gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya kira El Salvador kasar da ta sami ci gaba mafi girma a duniya dangane da karuwar samun damar samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa da rage rashin daidaito tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=The Water Institute, University of North Carolina |title=The WASH Performance Index Report |url=http://waterinstitute.unc.edu/wash-performance-index-report/}}</ref> Koyaya, albarkatun ruwa suna gurɓata sosai kuma ana fitar da mafi yawan ruwan da ba tare da wani magani ba a cikin muhalli. A cikin ma'aikata, ma'aikatar jama'a guda ɗaya tana da alhakin saita manufofin bangaren da kuma kasancewa babban mai ba da sabis. Kokarin sake fasalin da sabunta bangaren ta hanyar sabbin dokoki ba su haifar da 'ya'ya ba a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. == Samun dama == A cikin 2015, kashi 98% na yawan jama'a a El Salvador suna da damar samun ruwa "aƙalla na asali" kuma kashi 93% suna da damar "aƙalalla na asali". Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai, a cikin 2015, mutane dubu 428 ba tare da samun damar "aƙalla na asali" ruwa ba kuma dubu 551 ba tare da damar "a ƙalla na asali".<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - El Salvador |url=https://washwatch.org/en/countries/el-salvador/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-04-12 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme: Documents |url=https://www.wssinfo.org/documents/?tx_displaycontroller%5Bregion%5D=&tx_displaycontroller%5Bsearch_word%5D=el+salvador&tx_displaycontroller%5Btype%5D=country_files |access-date=2017-04-12 |website=www.wssinfo.org |language=en}}</ref> Samun ruwa da tsabta a El Salvador ya kasance ƙasa da ƙa'idodin yanki. Samun damar [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] ya tsaya a kashi 88 cikin 100 a cikin 2010 kuma samun damar ingantaccen tsabta a kashi 87 cikin 100. Samun dama ya fi ƙasa a yankunan karkara, inda kusan kashi 36 cikin dari na yawan jama'a ke zaune. A shekara ta 2010, ya tsaya a kashi 76% don inganta ruwa da kashi 83 cikin dari don inganta tsabta. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Urban (64% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (36% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |Ingantawa |98% |83% |93% |- |An yi amfani da shi a kan gidaje |80% |42% |66% |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |Ingantawa |93% |87% |91% |- |Rashin ruwa (2006 JMP binciken & kididdigar bayanai) |62% |2% |n/a |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] === Tasirin samarwa da lafiyar jama'a na rashin samun ruwa da tsabta === Rashin samun ruwa yana tasiri ba kawai ga ingancin rayuwar matalauta ba, har ma da yawan aiki da lafiya. Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2001 ta hanyar FUSADES mai tunani na El Salvador, talakawa na karkara musamman suna ciyar da babban rabo na lokacin da suke da amfani don tattara ruwa. Iyalai ba tare da samun damar samun ruwa a gida ba suna amfani da matsakaicin kashi 8.5 cikin dari na lokacin da suke samarwa don samun ruwa, yayin da har ma da waɗanda ke da damar samun ruwa na gida suna amfani da kashi 4.9 cikin dari na lokutan da suke samar da ruwa. Ga matalautan tsarin dabi'u sun fi girma tare da kashi 13.6 da kashi 7.1 bi da bi. Duk da yake samun dama ya inganta ragowar rashin samun ruwa da tsabta a yankunan karkara yana da mummunar tasiri ga mutuwar jarirai, mutuwar yara da raguwa. Yawan mutuwar jarirai tsakanin gidaje ba tare da haɗin gida ba shine 40 a cikin haihuwa 1,000, idan aka kwatanta da 30 ga gidaje masu haɗin kai. Hakazalika, yawan mutuwar jarirai tsakanin gidaje ba tare da bayan gida ba shine 37, idan aka kwatanta da 30 ga gidaje masu bayan gida. Gidan wanka ba shi da kujerun wanka. Yawancin gidaje ba su da wanka. == Ingancin sabis == Ruwa a mafi yawan yankuna da ANDA ke aiki ba ta da kyau, ta bambanta daga awanni 16 a kowace rana a wasu yankuna zuwa kasa da awanni 4 a kowace rana ko ma sau ɗaya a kowace kwana huɗu, bisa ga Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya (wanda ake kira FESAL ta hanyar acronym na Mutanen Espanya) da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar FESAL |url=http://www.fesal.org.sv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318010619/http://www.fesal.org.sv/ |archive-date=2007-03-18 |access-date=2006-12-28}}</ref> Yawancin yankuna, duk da haka, suna karɓar ruwa aƙalla sau ɗaya a rana. Ingancin microbiological na ruwa bai isa ba.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ma'adanai da gurɓataccen ruwa == [[Fayil:Colonia_escalon.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Colonia Escalón a San Salvador]] Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na El Salvador sun gurɓata sosai, saboda wani bangare na kusan rashin tsabtace ruwa na gari. Bugu da kari, kasar tana fama da karancin ruwa a lokacin fari da rikice-rikice tsakanin masu amfani. An kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na ruwa na saman sun gurɓata. Kusan dukkanin ruwan sharar gida (kashi 98) da kashi 90 cikin 100 na ruwan sharar masana'antu ana fitar da su zuwa koguna da koguna ba tare da wani magani ba. Mafi girman fifiko don rage gurɓataccen an kiyasta ya kasance a cikin kwandon Kogin Acelhuate da Kogin Sucio, yankin da ke samar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na samar da ruwa na yankin Metropolitan na [[San Salvador]]. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata amfanin samfurin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ya ragu da kashi 30 cikin dari saboda [[Gandun daji|sare daji]]. Wannan ya rage wadatar ruwa ga mutanen karkara, a wasu lokuta yana tilasta musu su dogara da rijiyoyi masu tsada daga ruwa wanda teburin ruwa ya ragu da kusan mita 1 a kowace shekara a wasu yankuna.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Tarihi == An yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don sake fasalin sashin ruwa da ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin doka tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990. An yi watsi da yunkurin da aka yi bayan girgizar kasa ta 2001 lokacin da aka sauya abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a siyasa da sake fasalin. Wannan kunshin gyare-gyare zai haɗa da saita haraji bisa ga burin dawo da farashi, kirkirar mai sarrafawa da gabatar da shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Gwamnatin Antonio Saca (2005-2009) ta yi la'akari da lissafin ruwa na gaba ɗaya da lissafin ruwan da tsabta. Dangane da dokar ruwa da tsabta, ANDA za ta iyakance ayyukanta ga samar da sabis. Babu wani daga cikin takardun da aka zartar har sai [[Mauricio Funes]] ya hau gadon shugaban kasa a watan Yunin 2009. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] knq6yxql3a7ep3qankacc50ruvghmdk 840911 840910 2026-05-28T06:05:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 840911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Samun '''ruwan sha da tsaftacewa a [[Salvador|El Salvador]]''' ya karu sosai. Wani binciken da Jami'ar North Carolina ta gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya kira El Salvador kasar da ta sami ci gaba mafi girma a duniya dangane da karuwar samun damar samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa da rage rashin daidaito tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=The Water Institute, University of North Carolina |title=The WASH Performance Index Report |url=http://waterinstitute.unc.edu/wash-performance-index-report/}}</ref> Koyaya, albarkatun ruwa suna gurɓata sosai kuma ana fitar da mafi yawan ruwan da ba tare da wani magani ba a cikin muhalli. A cikin ma'aikata, ma'aikatar jama'a guda ɗaya tana da alhakin saita manufofin bangaren da kuma kasancewa babban mai ba da sabis. Kokarin sake fasalin da sabunta bangaren ta hanyar sabbin dokoki ba su haifar da 'ya'ya ba a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. == Samun dama == A cikin 2015, kashi 98% na yawan jama'a a El Salvador suna da damar samun ruwa "aƙalla na asali" kuma kashi 93% suna da damar "aƙalalla na asali". Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai, a cikin 2015, mutane dubu 428 ba tare da samun damar "aƙalla na asali" ruwa ba kuma dubu 551 ba tare da damar "a ƙalla na asali".<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - El Salvador |url=https://washwatch.org/en/countries/el-salvador/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-04-12 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme: Documents |url=https://www.wssinfo.org/documents/?tx_displaycontroller%5Bregion%5D=&tx_displaycontroller%5Bsearch_word%5D=el+salvador&tx_displaycontroller%5Btype%5D=country_files |access-date=2017-04-12 |website=www.wssinfo.org |language=en}}</ref> Samun ruwa da tsabta a El Salvador ya kasance ƙasa da ƙa'idodin yanki. Samun damar [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] ya tsaya a kashi 88 cikin 100 a cikin 2010 kuma samun damar ingantaccen tsabta a kashi 87 cikin 100. Samun dama ya fi ƙasa a yankunan karkara, inda kusan kashi 36 cikin dari na yawan jama'a ke zaune. A shekara ta 2010, ya tsaya a kashi 76% don inganta ruwa da kashi 83 cikin dari don inganta tsabta. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Urban (64% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (36% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |Ingantawa |98% |83% |93% |- |An yi amfani da shi a kan gidaje |80% |42% |66% |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |Ingantawa |93% |87% |91% |- |Rashin ruwa (2006 JMP binciken & kididdigar bayanai) |62% |2% |n/a |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] === Tasirin samarwa da lafiyar jama'a na rashin samun ruwa da tsabta === Rashin samun ruwa yana tasiri ba kawai ga ingancin rayuwar matalauta ba, har ma da yawan aiki da lafiya. Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2001 ta hanyar FUSADES mai tunani na El Salvador, talakawa na karkara musamman suna ciyar da babban rabo na lokacin da suke da amfani don tattara ruwa. Iyalai ba tare da samun damar samun ruwa a gida ba suna amfani da matsakaicin kashi 8.5 cikin dari na lokacin da suke samarwa don samun ruwa, yayin da har ma da waɗanda ke da damar samun ruwa na gida suna amfani da kashi 4.9 cikin dari na lokutan da suke samar da ruwa. Ga matalautan tsarin dabi'u sun fi girma tare da kashi 13.6 da kashi 7.1 bi da bi. Duk da yake samun dama ya inganta ragowar rashin samun ruwa da tsabta a yankunan karkara yana da mummunar tasiri ga mutuwar jarirai, mutuwar yara da raguwa. Yawan mutuwar jarirai tsakanin gidaje ba tare da haɗin gida ba shine 40 a cikin haihuwa 1,000, idan aka kwatanta da 30 ga gidaje masu haɗin kai. Hakazalika, yawan mutuwar jarirai tsakanin gidaje ba tare da bayan gida ba shine 37, idan aka kwatanta da 30 ga gidaje masu bayan gida. Gidan wanka ba shi da kujerun wanka. Yawancin gidaje ba su da wanka. == Ingancin sabis == Ruwa a mafi yawan yankuna da ANDA ke aiki ba ta da kyau, ta bambanta daga awanni 16 a kowace rana a wasu yankuna zuwa kasa da awanni 4 a kowace rana ko ma sau ɗaya a kowace kwana huɗu, bisa ga Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya (wanda ake kira FESAL ta hanyar acronym na Mutanen Espanya) da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encuesta Nacional de Salud Familiar FESAL |url=http://www.fesal.org.sv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318010619/http://www.fesal.org.sv/ |archive-date=2007-03-18 |access-date=2006-12-28}}</ref> Yawancin yankuna, duk da haka, suna karɓar ruwa aƙalla sau ɗaya a rana. Ingancin microbiological na ruwa bai isa ba.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ma'adanai da gurɓataccen ruwa == [[Fayil:Colonia_escalon.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Colonia Escalón a San Salvador]] Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na El Salvador sun gurɓata sosai, saboda wani bangare na kusan rashin tsabtace ruwa na gari. Bugu da kari, kasar tana fama da karancin ruwa a lokacin fari da rikice-rikice tsakanin masu amfani. An kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na ruwa na saman sun gurɓata. Kusan dukkanin ruwan sharar gida (kashi 98) da kashi 90 cikin 100 na ruwan sharar masana'antu ana fitar da su zuwa koguna da koguna ba tare da wani magani ba. Mafi girman fifiko don rage gurɓataccen an kiyasta ya kasance a cikin kwandon Kogin Acelhuate da Kogin Sucio, yankin da ke samar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na samar da ruwa na yankin Metropolitan na [[San Salvador]]. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata amfanin samfurin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ya ragu da kashi 30 cikin dari saboda [[Gandun daji|sare daji]]. Wannan ya rage wadatar ruwa ga mutanen karkara, a wasu lokuta yana tilasta musu su dogara da rijiyoyi masu tsada daga ruwa wanda teburin ruwa ya ragu da kusan mita 1 a kowace shekara a wasu yankuna.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Tarihi == An yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don sake fasalin sashin ruwa da ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin doka tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990. An yi watsi da yunkurin da aka yi bayan girgizar kasa ta 2001 lokacin da aka sauya abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a siyasa da sake fasalin. Wannan kunshin gyare-gyare zai haɗa da saita haraji bisa ga burin dawo da farashi, kirkirar mai sarrafawa da gabatar da shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Gwamnatin Antonio Saca (2005-2009) ta yi la'akari da lissafin ruwa na gaba ɗaya da lissafin ruwan da tsabta. Dangane da dokar ruwa da tsabta, ANDA za ta iyakance ayyukanta ga samar da sabis. Babu wani daga cikin takardun da aka zartar har sai [[Mauricio Funes]] ya hau gadon shugaban kasa a watan Yunin 2009. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9h5wr30k4abwkbcsee22p2ibgqi0kyo 0 152488 840912 2026-05-28T06:06:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351999374|Water supply and sanitation in Mali]]" 840912 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mali suna da ƙalubale da yawa. Mali ƙasa ce mai ƙarancin kuɗi a arewa maso yammacin Afirka: Ya zuwa 2025, tana cikin matsayi na 188 a kan Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (daga cikin ƙasashe 193). Saurin karuwar yawan jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɗe da iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙuntataccen ruwa mai tsabta da tsabtace muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aikins |first=Enoch |date=August 14, 2025 |title=Mali: current Path |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=ML&topic=02-current-path |journal=ISS African Future}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen da gwamnati, USAID da sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi sun inganta damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene {{!}} UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/mali/en/water-sanitation-and-hygiene |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Rashin daidaito tsakanin yankunan karkara da birane ya ci gaba da ci gaba: Kimanin kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara a Mali suna da damar samun sabis na ruwan sha na asali, yayin da kashi 27% na yawan mutanen ƙauyuka ke amfani da albarkatun ruwa marasa kariya don ruwan sha ko amfani da gida.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water / Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali/water#:~:text=With%20its%20population%20of,is%20not%20operational%20%5B1%5D. |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> Ruwa mara kyau yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da ke cikin ruwa waɗanda zasu iya zama masu haɗari. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da cututtukan cututtukani ko cututtuken zawo kamar kwalara, [[Zazzabin Rawaya|typhoid]], da dysentery.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Babban ruwan sama shine kogin Nijar da Senegal da kuma yankunansu. Ruwan sama na yau da kullun da raguwar ruwan sama yana shafar wadatar albarkatun ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron abinci a Mali.<ref name=":72" /> Ci gaban Mali a fadada ruwa da ababen more rayuwa na tsaftacewa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, kamar canjin manufofi da haɓaka ilimin al'umma, da kuma albarkatun don aiwatar da ababen hawa sun dogara sosai ga kudade na waje da manufofin ƙasa.<ref name=":3" /> == Tattalin Arziki == Matsayin yanzu na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mali an tsara shi ne ta hanyar tarihin kasar da tattalin arzikin kasar. Mali ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Babban kashi na yawan jama'arta yana cikin bangaren da ba na al'ada ba, kuma tun daga 2023, kashi 33% na GDP ya fito ne daga bangaren da na al'umma ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali - ISS African Futures |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/countries/mali/ |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=futures.issafrica.org |language=en}}</ref> Yana da yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri: Yawan jama'a ya ninka sau huɗu daga miliyan 5 a cikin 1960 zuwa sama da miliyan 21 a cikin 2022.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water / Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali/water#:~:text=With%20its%20population%20of,is%20not%20operational%20%5B1%5D. |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> Mali ta fuskanci fari na shekaru goma daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960 har zuwa shekarun 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahel Drought and Famine, 1968–1985 |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/sahel-drought-and-famine-1968-1985 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rikicin ya karkatar da hankalin manufofi ga samar da ruwa na gaggawa Ba har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ba ne aka kaddamar da aikin samar da ruwa ta farko a yankunan karkara ta hanyar mai saka hannun jari na waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four-year effort kicks off in rural Mali to bring clean water to a growing population |url=https://www.niras.com/news/four-year-effort-kicks-off-in-rural-mali-to-bring-clean-water-to-a-growing-population/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Niras |language=en-US}}</ref> Mali tana fuskantar matsalolin kudi a ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da raunin tattalin arziki bayan 2012 sun hana ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/sahel-adaptive-social-protection-program-trust-fund/country-work/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Mali tana da matukar damuwa ga tasirin canjin yanayi, gami da hamada, fari, mamayewar fari, da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, tsaro, zamantakewa, da siyasa na 2020 sun haifar da karuwar kashewa da ci gaban yawan talauci.<ref name=":8" /> Don haka, Mali ta dogara da kudade na waje don fadada ababen more rayuwa don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa: USAID ta goyi bayan ayyukan ci gaban noma a Mali tun 1961, kuma ta kara ayyukan ci gabanta a Kudancin kasar tare da ayyukan ruwa da tsabtatawa na karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=USAID Mali: Agriculture and Economic Growth Program Overview (July 2023) - Mali {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/usaid-mali-agriculture-and-economic-growth-program-overview-july-2023 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar Ci Gaban Duniya da Bankin Duniya sun ba da kuɗi ga ayyukan shekaru da yawa a Mali, gami da rigakafin makantar kogi, taimakon fari, ci gaban karkara, taimakon bashi da ayyukan sake gina ruwa da ababen more rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bold Vision to Defeat River Blindness |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history/exhibits/A-Bold-Vision-to-Defeat-River-Blindness |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - Archives Country Historical Profiles |url=https://countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org/home?year=2024 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank |url=https://ida.worldbank.org/en/country/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=ida.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Yanayi da Canjin Yanayi == [[Fayil:Mali_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb|Yanayin yanayi, Mali]] Canjin yanayi yana ƙara tasiri ga samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli na Mali. Rashin yanayin zafi, fari mai yawa, ruwan sama mara kyau da raguwar sake caji na ruwa na ƙasa sun rage yawan ruwan sama da ruwan ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasar. Mali ta dogara sosai da rijiyoyi da aquifers don samar da ruwa. Rage wadatar ruwa kai tsaye yana tasiri ga ruwan sha, ayyukan noma da tsaro na abinci. Bugu da ƙari, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ruwa wanda ya haifar da yanayi na iya kara tsananta gasar albarkatu, musamman a yankunan karkara, yana ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali na zamantakewa da rashin tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank: the importance of groundwater on climate resilience in the Sahel |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/10/05/afw-world-bank-the-importance-of-groundwater-on-climate-resilience-in-the-sahel |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanin Sashe == === Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 6 === [[Fayil:ISS-66_Niger_River,_Mali.jpg|thumb|Kogin Neja a Mali]] Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba sun haɗa da SDG 6, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana a matsayin tabbatar da wadata da kuma gudanar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa da kowa nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |title=Goal 6: Water and Sanitation |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}</ref> Dangane da ci gaba tare da SDG 6, yawan mutanen da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan shan giya na asali sun inganta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |editor-last=Sustainable Development Report |title=SDG Progress in Mali |url=https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/mali/}}</ref> Koyaya, yawan jama'a da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun tsaya.<ref name=":0" /> === Infrastructure na fasaha === Wells yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen ruwa na farko ga al'ummomi da yawa a Mali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birhanu |first=Birhanu Zemadim |last2=Tabo |first2=Ramadjita |date=2016-04-30 |title=Shallow wells, the untapped resource with a potential to improve agriculture and food security in southern Mali |journal=Agriculture & Food Security |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=5 |bibcode=2016AgFS....5....5B |doi=10.1186/s40066-016-0054-8 |issn=2048-7010 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kudin rijiyoyi da famfo, tare da kula da su, sau da yawa yana da yawa kuma sabili da haka yana haifar da ayyukan tsabtace jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Water Initiative: Mali |url=https://www.iied.org/global-water-initiative-mali |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.iied.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Vaught |first=Christopher |year=2003 |title=Water Treatment and Supply in Kayes, Mali, West Africa: Treatment Processes, Operations, and Economics |url=https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/learn/whyvol/masters/theses/Engineering/VaughtChristopherAbstract.pdf |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Peace Corps |publisher=Peace Corps / Michigan Technological University}}</ref> Ana yawan haƙa rijiyoyin da hannu, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da karuwar matakan rushewa wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga turɓaya da tarkace.<ref name=":1" /> Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin ruwa mai tsayawa wanda ke samar da wurin haifuwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta da [[sauro]] waɗanda ke haifar da batun wurin haifuwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dao |first=A. |last2=Yaro |first2=A. S. |last3=Diallo |first3=M. |last4=Timbiné |first4=S. |last5=Huestis |first5=D. L. |last6=Kassogué |first6=Y. |last7=Traoré |first7=A. I. |last8=Sanogo |first8=Z. L. |last9=Samaké |first9=D. |last10=Lehmann |first10=T. |date=2014-12-18 |title=Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations |journal=Nature |volume=516 |issue=7531 |pages=387–390 |bibcode=2014Natur.516..387D |doi=10.1038/nature13987 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=4306333 |pmid=25470038}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana barin rijiyoyin ba a rufe su ba kuma ba a kula da su ba, saboda ana ɗaukar magani a matsayin mai tsada ko wanda ba a iya isa ba. Wannan yana gabatar da haɗari ga batutuwan lafiyar ɗan adam, musamman ta hanyar cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == l33r5lrv9jw8jv44r4wflxgfwlxx6ua 840913 840912 2026-05-28T06:06:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 840913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mali''' suna da ƙalubale da yawa. Mali ƙasa ce mai ƙarancin kuɗi a arewa maso yammacin Afirka: Ya zuwa 2025, tana cikin matsayi na 188 a kan Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (daga cikin ƙasashe 193). Saurin karuwar yawan jama'a a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɗe da iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙuntataccen ruwa mai tsabta da tsabtace muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aikins |first=Enoch |date=August 14, 2025 |title=Mali: current Path |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=ML&topic=02-current-path |journal=ISS African Future}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen da gwamnati, USAID da sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi sun inganta damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Water, sanitation and hygiene {{!}} UNICEF |url=https://www.unicef.org/mali/en/water-sanitation-and-hygiene |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Rashin daidaito tsakanin yankunan karkara da birane ya ci gaba da ci gaba: Kimanin kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara a Mali suna da damar samun sabis na ruwan sha na asali, yayin da kashi 27% na yawan mutanen ƙauyuka ke amfani da albarkatun ruwa marasa kariya don ruwan sha ko amfani da gida.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water / Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali/water#:~:text=With%20its%20population%20of,is%20not%20operational%20%5B1%5D. |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> Ruwa mara kyau yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da ke cikin ruwa waɗanda zasu iya zama masu haɗari. Wadannan na iya haɗawa da cututtukan cututtukani ko cututtuken zawo kamar kwalara, [[Zazzabin Rawaya|typhoid]], da dysentery.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Babban ruwan sama shine kogin Nijar da Senegal da kuma yankunansu. Ruwan sama na yau da kullun da raguwar ruwan sama yana shafar wadatar albarkatun ruwa. Rashin ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga tsaron abinci a Mali.<ref name=":72" /> Ci gaban Mali a fadada ruwa da ababen more rayuwa na tsaftacewa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, kamar canjin manufofi da haɓaka ilimin al'umma, da kuma albarkatun don aiwatar da ababen hawa sun dogara sosai ga kudade na waje da manufofin ƙasa.<ref name=":3" /> == Tattalin Arziki == Matsayin yanzu na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa a Mali an tsara shi ne ta hanyar tarihin kasar da tattalin arzikin kasar. Mali ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960. Babban kashi na yawan jama'arta yana cikin bangaren da ba na al'ada ba, kuma tun daga 2023, kashi 33% na GDP ya fito ne daga bangaren da na al'umma ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali - ISS African Futures |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/countries/mali/ |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=futures.issafrica.org |language=en}}</ref> Yana da yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri: Yawan jama'a ya ninka sau huɗu daga miliyan 5 a cikin 1960 zuwa sama da miliyan 21 a cikin 2022.<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |title=Water / Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali/water#:~:text=With%20its%20population%20of,is%20not%20operational%20%5B1%5D. |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> Mali ta fuskanci fari na shekaru goma daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960 har zuwa shekarun 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahel Drought and Famine, 1968–1985 |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/sahel-drought-and-famine-1968-1985 |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rikicin ya karkatar da hankalin manufofi ga samar da ruwa na gaggawa Ba har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ba ne aka kaddamar da aikin samar da ruwa ta farko a yankunan karkara ta hanyar mai saka hannun jari na waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four-year effort kicks off in rural Mali to bring clean water to a growing population |url=https://www.niras.com/news/four-year-effort-kicks-off-in-rural-mali-to-bring-clean-water-to-a-growing-population/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=Niras |language=en-US}}</ref> Mali tana fuskantar matsalolin kudi a ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da raunin tattalin arziki bayan 2012 sun hana ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/sahel-adaptive-social-protection-program-trust-fund/country-work/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Mali tana da matukar damuwa ga tasirin canjin yanayi, gami da hamada, fari, mamayewar fari, da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} Interactive Country Fiches |url=https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=dicf.unepgrid.ch}}</ref> [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] da matsalolin kiwon lafiya, tsaro, zamantakewa, da siyasa na 2020 sun haifar da karuwar kashewa da ci gaban yawan talauci.<ref name=":8" /> Don haka, Mali ta dogara da kudade na waje don fadada ababen more rayuwa don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa: USAID ta goyi bayan ayyukan ci gaban noma a Mali tun 1961, kuma ta kara ayyukan ci gabanta a Kudancin kasar tare da ayyukan ruwa da tsabtatawa na karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-10 |title=USAID Mali: Agriculture and Economic Growth Program Overview (July 2023) - Mali {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/usaid-mali-agriculture-and-economic-growth-program-overview-july-2023 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar Ci Gaban Duniya da Bankin Duniya sun ba da kuɗi ga ayyukan shekaru da yawa a Mali, gami da rigakafin makantar kogi, taimakon fari, ci gaban karkara, taimakon bashi da ayyukan sake gina ruwa da ababen more rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Bold Vision to Defeat River Blindness |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history/exhibits/A-Bold-Vision-to-Defeat-River-Blindness |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - Archives Country Historical Profiles |url=https://countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org/home?year=2024 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=countryhistoricalprofiles.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mali {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank {{!}} International Development Association - World Bank |url=https://ida.worldbank.org/en/country/mali |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=ida.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Yanayi da Canjin Yanayi == [[Fayil:Mali_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb|Yanayin yanayi, Mali]] Canjin yanayi yana ƙara tasiri ga samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli na Mali. Rashin yanayin zafi, fari mai yawa, ruwan sama mara kyau da raguwar sake caji na ruwa na ƙasa sun rage yawan ruwan sama da ruwan ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasar. Mali ta dogara sosai da rijiyoyi da aquifers don samar da ruwa. Rage wadatar ruwa kai tsaye yana tasiri ga ruwan sha, ayyukan noma da tsaro na abinci. Bugu da ƙari, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ruwa wanda ya haifar da yanayi na iya kara tsananta gasar albarkatu, musamman a yankunan karkara, yana ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali na zamantakewa da rashin tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank: the importance of groundwater on climate resilience in the Sahel |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/10/05/afw-world-bank-the-importance-of-groundwater-on-climate-resilience-in-the-sahel |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanin Sashe == === Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 6 === [[Fayil:ISS-66_Niger_River,_Mali.jpg|thumb|Kogin Neja a Mali]] Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba sun haɗa da SDG 6, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana a matsayin tabbatar da wadata da kuma gudanar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa da kowa nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |title=Goal 6: Water and Sanitation |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}</ref> Dangane da ci gaba tare da SDG 6, yawan mutanen da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan shan giya na asali sun inganta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |editor-last=Sustainable Development Report |title=SDG Progress in Mali |url=https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/mali/}}</ref> Koyaya, yawan jama'a da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun tsaya.<ref name=":0" /> === Infrastructure na fasaha === Wells yana aiki ne a matsayin tushen ruwa na farko ga al'ummomi da yawa a Mali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birhanu |first=Birhanu Zemadim |last2=Tabo |first2=Ramadjita |date=2016-04-30 |title=Shallow wells, the untapped resource with a potential to improve agriculture and food security in southern Mali |journal=Agriculture & Food Security |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=5 |bibcode=2016AgFS....5....5B |doi=10.1186/s40066-016-0054-8 |issn=2048-7010 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kudin rijiyoyi da famfo, tare da kula da su, sau da yawa yana da yawa kuma sabili da haka yana haifar da ayyukan tsabtace jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Water Initiative: Mali |url=https://www.iied.org/global-water-initiative-mali |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.iied.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Vaught |first=Christopher |year=2003 |title=Water Treatment and Supply in Kayes, Mali, West Africa: Treatment Processes, Operations, and Economics |url=https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/learn/whyvol/masters/theses/Engineering/VaughtChristopherAbstract.pdf |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Peace Corps |publisher=Peace Corps / Michigan Technological University}}</ref> Ana yawan haƙa rijiyoyin da hannu, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da karuwar matakan rushewa wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga turɓaya da tarkace.<ref name=":1" /> Har ila yau, akwai haɗarin ruwa mai tsayawa wanda ke samar da wurin haifuwa ga ƙwayoyin cuta da [[sauro]] waɗanda ke haifar da batun wurin haifuwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dao |first=A. |last2=Yaro |first2=A. S. |last3=Diallo |first3=M. |last4=Timbiné |first4=S. |last5=Huestis |first5=D. L. |last6=Kassogué |first6=Y. |last7=Traoré |first7=A. I. |last8=Sanogo |first8=Z. L. |last9=Samaké |first9=D. |last10=Lehmann |first10=T. |date=2014-12-18 |title=Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations |journal=Nature |volume=516 |issue=7531 |pages=387–390 |bibcode=2014Natur.516..387D |doi=10.1038/nature13987 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=4306333 |pmid=25470038}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana barin rijiyoyin ba a rufe su ba kuma ba a kula da su ba, saboda ana ɗaukar magani a matsayin mai tsada ko wanda ba a iya isa ba. Wannan yana gabatar da haɗari ga batutuwan lafiyar ɗan adam, musamman ta hanyar cututtukan da ke cikin ruwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == 61a2gdk2woxmrjt2ikfshnbj55bf5kl 0 152489 840915 2026-05-28T06:07:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338277567|Water supply and sanitation in Mongolia]]" 840915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Sharyngol_-_Water_Kiosk.jpg|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na ruwa a [[Darkhan-Uul Province|Darkhan-Uul]]" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sharyngol, Darkhan-Uul">Sharyngol, Darkhan-Uul]] [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsaftacewa a [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]] yana nufin samar da '''Ruwa da tsabta a Mongolia'''. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == [[Fayil:BlueHovsgol.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Khövsgöl]] Matsakaicin ruwan da ake samu a shekara-shekara a Mongolia shine 2,091 miliyan m³. A lokacin fari, wadatar ta kai miliyan 1,294 m³. Kimanin kashi 75% na ruwan da ke cikin Mongolia ana adana shi a cikin tabkuna, tare da mafi girman samuwa yana cikin Tafkin Khövsgöl a Lardin Khövsgöl.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Making Water in Mongolia Available at the Right Time, at the Right Place, and in the Right Quality |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/614221/adb-brief-140-making-water-available-mongolia.pdf |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=Asian Development Banks}}</ref> == Amfani da ruwa == Jimlar amfani da ruwa a Mongolia a cikin 2018 ya kasance 560 miliyan m³. Aikin noma ya yi amfani da 40%, masana'antu sun yi amfani da 25%, dabbobi sun yi amfani le 19% kuma bangarorin cikin gida sun yi amfani ga 16%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2020 |title=Overview of Mongolia's Water Resources System and Management: A Country Water Security Assessment |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/618776/mongolia-country-water-security-assessment_0.pdf |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref> === Gundumomin Ger === [[Fayil:A_Daily_Struggle_(7441042086).jpg|thumb|Yaro a cikin gundumar Ger dauke da kwantena marasa amfani don samun ruwa daga kiosk]] A cikin Gundumomin Ger, mazauna sun sami ruwa daga wuraren kiosks na ruwa da ke kusa, saboda rashin bututun ruwa zuwa gine-ginen zama da gine-gigidan ger. Ana haɗa kiosks na ruwa zuwa bututun ruwa da ke kusa don tushen ruwa. Idan babu bututun mai, ana kawo ruwa a wuraren kiosks na ruwa ta hanyar manyan motocin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Water kiosk project launched in Mongolia |url=https://staging.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=8819&catid=52&typeid=6 |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=UN Habitat}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8aw7hmp4j46t5yvyqxfnu54iwbp3k7w 840917 840915 2026-05-28T06:07:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Sharyngol_-_Water_Kiosk.jpg|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na ruwa a [[Darkhan-Uul Province|Darkhan-Uul]]" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sharyngol, Darkhan-Uul">Sharyngol, Darkhan-Uul]] [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsaftacewa a [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]] yana nufin samar da '''Ruwa da tsabta a Mongolia'''. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == [[Fayil:BlueHovsgol.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Khövsgöl]] Matsakaicin ruwan da ake samu a shekara-shekara a Mongolia shine 2,091 miliyan m³. A lokacin fari, wadatar ta kai miliyan 1,294 m³. Kimanin kashi 75% na ruwan da ke cikin Mongolia ana adana shi a cikin tabkuna, tare da mafi girman samuwa yana cikin Tafkin Khövsgöl a Lardin Khövsgöl.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Making Water in Mongolia Available at the Right Time, at the Right Place, and in the Right Quality |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/614221/adb-brief-140-making-water-available-mongolia.pdf |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=Asian Development Banks}}</ref> == Amfani da ruwa == Jimlar amfani da ruwa a Mongolia a cikin 2018 ya kasance 560 miliyan m³. Aikin noma ya yi amfani da 40%, masana'antu sun yi amfani da 25%, dabbobi sun yi amfani le 19% kuma bangarorin cikin gida sun yi amfani ga 16%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2020 |title=Overview of Mongolia's Water Resources System and Management: A Country Water Security Assessment |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/618776/mongolia-country-water-security-assessment_0.pdf |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref> === Gundumomin Ger === [[Fayil:A_Daily_Struggle_(7441042086).jpg|thumb|Yaro a cikin gundumar Ger dauke da kwantena marasa amfani don samun ruwa daga kiosk]] A cikin Gundumomin Ger, mazauna sun sami ruwa daga wuraren kiosks na ruwa da ke kusa, saboda rashin bututun ruwa zuwa gine-ginen zama da gine-gigidan ger. Ana haɗa kiosks na ruwa zuwa bututun ruwa da ke kusa don tushen ruwa. Idan babu bututun mai, ana kawo ruwa a wuraren kiosks na ruwa ta hanyar manyan motocin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Water kiosk project launched in Mongolia |url=https://staging.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=8819&catid=52&typeid=6 |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=UN Habitat}}</ref> == Manazarta == lha6r6zkka6k96elya4mlrmxu9pn7em 0 152490 840919 2026-05-28T06:08:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343021639|Water supply and sanitation in Mozambique]]" 840919 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mozambique ana nuna su ta hanyar ƙananan matakan samun damar zuwa [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|aƙalla tushen ruwa]] na asali (an kiyasta su zama 47% a cikin 2015), ƙananan matakan samun dama ga akalla tsabtace mujallar (an kiyast su zama 24% a cikin 2015) kuma galibi ingancin sabis mara kyau. A cikin 2007 gwamnati ta ayyana dabarun samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankunan karkara, inda kashi 62% na yawan jama'a ke zaune. A cikin birane, ana samar da ruwa ta hanyar ƙananan masu samarwa da kuma masu samar da ruwa.<ref>"GPOBA: Mozambique Water Private Sector Contracts – OBA for coverage expansion"</ref> Da farko a cikin 1998, Mozambique ta sake fasalin wani bangare na samar da ruwa a cikin birane ta hanyar kirkirar wata hukumar kula da ruwa mai zaman kanta da ake kira CRA, kamfani mai riƙe dukiya da ake kira FIPAG da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu (PPP) tare da kamfani da ake kira Aguas de Moçambique . PPP ta rufe waɗancan yankuna na babban birnin da na wasu birane huɗu waɗanda ke da damar samun tsarin samar da ruwa na yau da kullun. Koyaya, PPP ta ƙare lokacin da kwangilar gudanarwa ga birane huɗu suka ƙare a cikin 2008 kuma lokacin da abokin tarayya na kasashen waje na kamfanin da ke aiki da babban birnin a ƙarƙashin kwangilar haya ya janye a cikin 2010, yana da'awar asarar nauyi. Duk da yake samar da ruwa a birane ya sami kulawa mai yawa, gwamnati ba ta da wata dabara don tsabtace birane har yanzu. Masu ba da gudummawa na waje suna tallafawa kusan kashi 85% na duk saka hannun jari na jama'a a cikin bangaren. Manyan masu ba da gudummawa a bangaren ruwa sune Bankin Duniya, Bankin Raya Afirka, Kanada, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland da Amurka. == Samun dama == [[Fayil:Daily_struggle_for_water_(5400691444).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mata tana karɓar ruwa a lokacin fari daga tushen gurɓata a Gundumar Machaze ta Lardin Manica ta Tsakiya.]] Kimanin kashi 47% na yawan mutanen Mozambican ne kawai ke da damar samun [[At least basic water source|akalla tushen ruwa na asali]], kuma kashi 24% ne kawai ke samun damar samun akasin haka tsabtace muhalli. Sakamakon yanayin rayuwa yana da yawa, daga rashin lafiya zuwa ƙarancin aiki saboda lokacin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar ruwa. Adadin da ke kan damar shiga suna da rikice-rikice. Misali, Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ya kiyasta samun damar samun akalla tushen samar da ruwa a kashi 79% a cikin birane da kashi 32% a yankunan karkara tun daga shekarar 2015. Koyaya, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a tana amfani da adadi na samun ruwa na 38% a cikin birane da 40% a cikin yankunan karkara. Lambobin samun damar karkara an samo su ne daga yawan ramuka da kuma kimanin matsakaicin adadin gidaje ta amfani da ramuka. {| class="wikitable" ! ! !Urban (38% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (62% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |'Aƙalla ma'anar asali' |79% |32% |47% |- |Haɗin gida |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |'Aƙalla ma'anar asali' |47% |12% |24% |- |Rashin ruwa |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] Har ila yau, akwai adadi masu rikitarwa game da abin da adadi da aka yi niyya don saduwa da MDGs don ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ta 2015. A cewar takardar Bankin Duniya yana nufin samun damar birane zuwa ruwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa 78% kuma samun damar karkara yana ƙaruwa da 56%. Koyaya, bisa ga rahoton matsayin MDG yana nufin ƙara samun damar zuwa kashi 70% a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. == Ingancin sabis == Akwai 'yan bayanan da aka buga game da ingancin sabis na ruwa da tsabta a Mozambique. Yawancin tsarin ruwa suna samar da ruwa a lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, birane huɗu - [[Beira]], Pemba, Quelimane da [[Nampula]] - sun sami ci gaba ko kusan ci gaba da samar da ruwa sakamakon shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, suna ƙara sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana daga awanni 9 (Beira da Quelimane) da awanni 17 (Nampula da Pemba) a cikin 2002 zuwa awanni 22-24 a cikin 2007. Ruwa a Maputo ya kasance mai saurin wucewa, yana ƙaruwa kaɗan daga awanni 12 zuwa 14. == Manazarta == 3nbuy6kmqi6fd7r3jslrw9p2szk2wa6 840920 840919 2026-05-28T06:08:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 840920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Mozambique''' ana nuna su ta hanyar ƙananan matakan samun damar zuwa [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|aƙalla tushen ruwa]] na asali (an kiyasta su zama 47% a cikin 2015), ƙananan matakan samun dama ga akalla tsabtace mujallar (an kiyast su zama 24% a cikin 2015) kuma galibi ingancin sabis mara kyau. A cikin 2007 gwamnati ta ayyana dabarun samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankunan karkara, inda kashi 62% na yawan jama'a ke zaune. A cikin birane, ana samar da ruwa ta hanyar ƙananan masu samarwa da kuma masu samar da ruwa.<ref>"GPOBA: Mozambique Water Private Sector Contracts – OBA for coverage expansion"</ref> Da farko a cikin 1998, Mozambique ta sake fasalin wani bangare na samar da ruwa a cikin birane ta hanyar kirkirar wata hukumar kula da ruwa mai zaman kanta da ake kira CRA, kamfani mai riƙe dukiya da ake kira FIPAG da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu (PPP) tare da kamfani da ake kira Aguas de Moçambique . PPP ta rufe waɗancan yankuna na babban birnin da na wasu birane huɗu waɗanda ke da damar samun tsarin samar da ruwa na yau da kullun. Koyaya, PPP ta ƙare lokacin da kwangilar gudanarwa ga birane huɗu suka ƙare a cikin 2008 kuma lokacin da abokin tarayya na kasashen waje na kamfanin da ke aiki da babban birnin a ƙarƙashin kwangilar haya ya janye a cikin 2010, yana da'awar asarar nauyi. Duk da yake samar da ruwa a birane ya sami kulawa mai yawa, gwamnati ba ta da wata dabara don tsabtace birane har yanzu. Masu ba da gudummawa na waje suna tallafawa kusan kashi 85% na duk saka hannun jari na jama'a a cikin bangaren. Manyan masu ba da gudummawa a bangaren ruwa sune Bankin Duniya, Bankin Raya Afirka, Kanada, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland da Amurka. == Samun dama == [[Fayil:Daily_struggle_for_water_(5400691444).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mata tana karɓar ruwa a lokacin fari daga tushen gurɓata a Gundumar Machaze ta Lardin Manica ta Tsakiya.]] Kimanin kashi 47% na yawan mutanen Mozambican ne kawai ke da damar samun [[At least basic water source|akalla tushen ruwa na asali]], kuma kashi 24% ne kawai ke samun damar samun akasin haka tsabtace muhalli. Sakamakon yanayin rayuwa yana da yawa, daga rashin lafiya zuwa ƙarancin aiki saboda lokacin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar ruwa. Adadin da ke kan damar shiga suna da rikice-rikice. Misali, Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ya kiyasta samun damar samun akalla tushen samar da ruwa a kashi 79% a cikin birane da kashi 32% a yankunan karkara tun daga shekarar 2015. Koyaya, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a tana amfani da adadi na samun ruwa na 38% a cikin birane da 40% a cikin yankunan karkara. Lambobin samun damar karkara an samo su ne daga yawan ramuka da kuma kimanin matsakaicin adadin gidaje ta amfani da ramuka. {| class="wikitable" ! ! !Urban (38% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (62% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |'Aƙalla ma'anar asali' |79% |32% |47% |- |Haɗin gida |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |'Aƙalla ma'anar asali' |47% |12% |24% |- |Rashin ruwa |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |ba a samu ba |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] Har ila yau, akwai adadi masu rikitarwa game da abin da adadi da aka yi niyya don saduwa da MDGs don ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ta 2015. A cewar takardar Bankin Duniya yana nufin samun damar birane zuwa ruwa yana ƙaruwa zuwa 78% kuma samun damar karkara yana ƙaruwa da 56%. Koyaya, bisa ga rahoton matsayin MDG yana nufin ƙara samun damar zuwa kashi 70% a cikin birane da yankunan karkara. == Ingancin sabis == Akwai 'yan bayanan da aka buga game da ingancin sabis na ruwa da tsabta a Mozambique. Yawancin tsarin ruwa suna samar da ruwa a lokaci-lokaci. Koyaya, birane huɗu - [[Beira]], Pemba, Quelimane da [[Nampula]] - sun sami ci gaba ko kusan ci gaba da samar da ruwa sakamakon shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, suna ƙara sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana daga awanni 9 (Beira da Quelimane) da awanni 17 (Nampula da Pemba) a cikin 2002 zuwa awanni 22-24 a cikin 2007. Ruwa a Maputo ya kasance mai saurin wucewa, yana ƙaruwa kaɗan daga awanni 12 zuwa 14. == Manazarta == k93rulazwddipdzu7sy49w1tqmcacdh 0 152491 840921 2026-05-28T06:09:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732393|Water supply and sanitation in Nicaragua]]" 840921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruwa mai sha da tsaftacewa a Nicaragua''' ana ba da su ta hanyar amfani da jama'a a cikin birane da kwamitocin ruwa a yankunan karkara. Duk da matakan saka hannun jari masu yawa, samun ruwan sha a cikin birane ya ci gaba da ci gaban yawan jama'a, samun damar tsabtace birane ya ragu kuma ingancin sabis ya kasance mara kyau. Koyaya, an sami karuwar samun ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a yankunan karkara. Sashin ruwa ya sami manyan gyare-gyare a cikin 1998 wanda ya raba manufofi, tsari, da ayyukan aiki. An ba da shawarar rarraba mulki na tsawon shekaru goma, amma aiwatarwa ta yi jinkiri sosai kuma a tsakiyar 2007 an juyar da ita lokacin da kamfanin ruwa na kasa ya karɓi tsarin birni biyu. == Samun dama == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Urban (57% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (43% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |Ingantaccen tushen ruwa |98% |68% |85% |- |An yi amfani da shi a kan gidaje |89% |29% |63% |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |Inganta tsabtace muhalli |63% |37% |52% |- |Rashin ruwa (2006 JMP binciken & kididdigar bayanai) |22% |0% |13% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa a cikin birane na Nicaragua yana raguwa, tunda an sami karuwar samun dama yayin da yawan jama'a ya karu. Kodayake JMP ta sami matakan ɗaukar hoto a kashi 85% a cikin 2010, Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Nicaraguan (ENACAL), mai amfani da jama'a da ke da alhakin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta ga birane, ya kiyasta cewa ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto bai kai kashi 60 ba saboda rashin isasshen sabis mara aminci. An sami gagarumin ci gaba a yankunan karkara, duk da haka, tun daga 1990. Samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara ya karu sosai daga 54% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2010. Samun damar inganta tsabta a yankunan karkara ya karu daga 43% a 1990 zuwa 52% a 2010. Dangane da ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005, samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa a Nicaragua ya kai kashi 77% a shekara ta 2005, wanda ya fi ƙididdigataren JMP na 83%. Samun damar inganta tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 85% bisa ga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005 wanda ya fi ƙididdigatattun JMP na 50%.<ref name="JMP" /> Bambancin za a iya bayyana shi sosai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ma'anar JMP tana la'akari da ingantattun bayan gida tare da cikakken tsarin da ke cikin sabis, yayin da ƙididdigar ta ƙidaya da aka watsar ko bayan gida na gargajiya. == Ingancin sabis == Ruwa a cikin kashi 47% na yankunan da hukumar kula da su ke saka idanu (46 daga cikin tsarin 96) ba ci gaba ba ne. Wannan rabon ya fi girma a lokacin fari, tsakanin watanni na Fabrairu da Mayu, fiye da lokacin rigar. Rashin inganci da ingancin sabis na ruwa shine damuwa mai tsanani a yankin Managua. Rashin ruwa da ke yanzu a Managua ba zai iya biyan buƙatun yanzu ba saboda yawan leakage da lalacewa, wanda ke da kashi 55% na jimlar ruwan da aka samar da kuma rarraba ta tsarin. Tsayarwa a samar da sabis ya zama ruwan dare, tare da wasu gidaje suna karɓar sabis na ƙasa da awanni 2 a kowace rana. Kashi 42 cikin 100 ne kawai na haɗin da ke Managua suna da mita da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ENACAL, mai amfani da ƙasa wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a Managua, an lakafta shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu ba da labari a kasar". Kwayoyin cuta na ruwa mai sha na birane sun kasance masu karɓa ta [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] bisa ga samfurori da masu amfani da ƙasa suka bincika. A shekara ta 2005 CONAPAS ta kiyasta cewa an kula da kashi 42% na duk ruwan da aka tattara a kasar. A wannan lokacin babu tsarin tsabtace ruwa a birnin Managua. Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005 ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 63% na gidaje suna da tsarin bayan gida wanda ke zubar da ruwa a Managua, tare da kashi 30% na yawan jama'a ta amfani da latrines a cikin ƙauyuka, kuma sauran ta amfani da tankunan septic da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu guda biyar ke sarrafawa. A cikin 1996 an kammala Babban Tsarin Tsaro na Birnin Managua kuma daga baya an kammala shi a cikin 2002. Dangane da wannan binciken, ENACAL a halin yanzu tana kula da gina masana'antar tsabtace ruwa da tsarin tattarawa, wanda Bankin Ci Gaban Amurka (IDB), da Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW), da Asusun Nordic, wanda aka kammala a watan Disamba, 2008. Wannan sabon shuka yana kula da kashi 67% na ruwan datti a Managua. == Tushen ruwa da amfani == Nicaragua ƙasa ce mai wadataccen ruwa tare da wadatar ruwa na mita cubic 35,000 / babban mutum / shekara, wanda ya dace da fiye da sau biyar na matsakaicin Amurka ta tsakiya da Caribbean. Kasa da kashi 1% na waɗannan albarkatun ruwa ana janye su don amfanin ɗan adam. Babban mai amfani da ruwa shine noma (84% na janyewa), sannan kuma amfani da gida (14%) da masana'antu (2%). Ruwan sama, yayin da yake da yawa, ya bambanta sosai. Yankunan Caribbean sune sashi mafi zafi na Amurka ta tsakiya, suna karɓar tsakanin 2,500 da 6,500 millimeters na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Yankin yammacin tsaunuka na tsakiya da ƙananan ƙasashen Pacific suna samun ruwan sama na shekara-shekara. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara don kwarin rift da gangaren yammacin tsaunuka ya kasance daga 1,000 zuwa 1,500 millimeters. Ruwan sama na yanayi ne - Mayu zuwa Oktoba shine lokacin ruwan sama, kuma Disamba zuwa Afrilu shine lokacin da ya fi bushewa. Ruwa mai zurfi shine babban tushen samar da ruwa na gari a Nicaragua. Misali, Managua - wanda ke kan gabar Tafkin Managua da aka gurɓata - ana ba da shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, gami da ruwan ƙasa wanda ke shiga daga craters na dutsen wuta - wanda ake kira "lagoons'" a cikin birni. Misali, tafkin Asososca, zuwa yamma, shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha na Managua. == Tarihi da abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A karkashin gwamnatin Somoza har zuwa shekara ta 1979 manyan tsarin ruwa na birane suna aiki da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, yayin da sashen Ministoci ke kula da tsarin ruwa a ƙananan garuruwa. Bayan juyin juya halin an kirkiro kamfanin ruwa na kasa, Instituto Nicaragüense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (INAA). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r5pkhtm1aoqzpobu6wlyd3jud1uxek5 840922 840921 2026-05-28T06:09:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa mai sha da tsaftacewa a Nicaragua''' ana ba da su ta hanyar amfani da jama'a a cikin birane da kwamitocin ruwa a yankunan karkara. Duk da matakan saka hannun jari masu yawa, samun ruwan sha a cikin birane ya ci gaba da ci gaban yawan jama'a, samun damar tsabtace birane ya ragu kuma ingancin sabis ya kasance mara kyau. Koyaya, an sami karuwar samun ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a yankunan karkara. Sashin ruwa ya sami manyan gyare-gyare a cikin 1998 wanda ya raba manufofi, tsari, da ayyukan aiki. An ba da shawarar rarraba mulki na tsawon shekaru goma, amma aiwatarwa ta yi jinkiri sosai kuma a tsakiyar 2007 an juyar da ita lokacin da kamfanin ruwa na kasa ya karɓi tsarin birni biyu. == Samun dama == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Urban (57% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (43% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- | rowspan="2" |Ruwa |Ingantaccen tushen ruwa |98% |68% |85% |- |An yi amfani da shi a kan gidaje |89% |29% |63% |- | rowspan="2" |Tsabtace Yanayi |Inganta tsabtace muhalli |63% |37% |52% |- |Rashin ruwa (2006 JMP binciken & kididdigar bayanai) |22% |0% |13% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace-tsabtace Samun ruwa da tsaftacewa a cikin birane na Nicaragua yana raguwa, tunda an sami karuwar samun dama yayin da yawan jama'a ya karu. Kodayake JMP ta sami matakan ɗaukar hoto a kashi 85% a cikin 2010, Kamfanin Ruwa da Ruwa na Nicaraguan (ENACAL), mai amfani da jama'a da ke da alhakin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabta ga birane, ya kiyasta cewa ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto bai kai kashi 60 ba saboda rashin isasshen sabis mara aminci. An sami gagarumin ci gaba a yankunan karkara, duk da haka, tun daga 1990. Samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara ya karu sosai daga 54% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2010. Samun damar inganta tsabta a yankunan karkara ya karu daga 43% a 1990 zuwa 52% a 2010. Dangane da ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005, samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa a Nicaragua ya kai kashi 77% a shekara ta 2005, wanda ya fi ƙididdigataren JMP na 83%. Samun damar inganta tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 85% bisa ga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005 wanda ya fi ƙididdigatattun JMP na 50%.<ref name="JMP" /> Bambancin za a iya bayyana shi sosai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ma'anar JMP tana la'akari da ingantattun bayan gida tare da cikakken tsarin da ke cikin sabis, yayin da ƙididdigar ta ƙidaya da aka watsar ko bayan gida na gargajiya. == Ingancin sabis == Ruwa a cikin kashi 47% na yankunan da hukumar kula da su ke saka idanu (46 daga cikin tsarin 96) ba ci gaba ba ne. Wannan rabon ya fi girma a lokacin fari, tsakanin watanni na Fabrairu da Mayu, fiye da lokacin rigar. Rashin inganci da ingancin sabis na ruwa shine damuwa mai tsanani a yankin Managua. Rashin ruwa da ke yanzu a Managua ba zai iya biyan buƙatun yanzu ba saboda yawan leakage da lalacewa, wanda ke da kashi 55% na jimlar ruwan da aka samar da kuma rarraba ta tsarin. Tsayarwa a samar da sabis ya zama ruwan dare, tare da wasu gidaje suna karɓar sabis na ƙasa da awanni 2 a kowace rana. Kashi 42 cikin 100 ne kawai na haɗin da ke Managua suna da mita da ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ENACAL, mai amfani da ƙasa wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a Managua, an lakafta shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu ba da labari a kasar". Kwayoyin cuta na ruwa mai sha na birane sun kasance masu karɓa ta [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] bisa ga samfurori da masu amfani da ƙasa suka bincika. A shekara ta 2005 CONAPAS ta kiyasta cewa an kula da kashi 42% na duk ruwan da aka tattara a kasar. A wannan lokacin babu tsarin tsabtace ruwa a birnin Managua. Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2005 ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 63% na gidaje suna da tsarin bayan gida wanda ke zubar da ruwa a Managua, tare da kashi 30% na yawan jama'a ta amfani da latrines a cikin ƙauyuka, kuma sauran ta amfani da tankunan septic da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu guda biyar ke sarrafawa. A cikin 1996 an kammala Babban Tsarin Tsaro na Birnin Managua kuma daga baya an kammala shi a cikin 2002. Dangane da wannan binciken, ENACAL a halin yanzu tana kula da gina masana'antar tsabtace ruwa da tsarin tattarawa, wanda Bankin Ci Gaban Amurka (IDB), da Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW), da Asusun Nordic, wanda aka kammala a watan Disamba, 2008. Wannan sabon shuka yana kula da kashi 67% na ruwan datti a Managua. == Tushen ruwa da amfani == Nicaragua ƙasa ce mai wadataccen ruwa tare da wadatar ruwa na mita cubic 35,000 / babban mutum / shekara, wanda ya dace da fiye da sau biyar na matsakaicin Amurka ta tsakiya da Caribbean. Kasa da kashi 1% na waɗannan albarkatun ruwa ana janye su don amfanin ɗan adam. Babban mai amfani da ruwa shine noma (84% na janyewa), sannan kuma amfani da gida (14%) da masana'antu (2%). Ruwan sama, yayin da yake da yawa, ya bambanta sosai. Yankunan Caribbean sune sashi mafi zafi na Amurka ta tsakiya, suna karɓar tsakanin 2,500 da 6,500 millimeters na ruwan sama a kowace shekara. Yankin yammacin tsaunuka na tsakiya da ƙananan ƙasashen Pacific suna samun ruwan sama na shekara-shekara. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara don kwarin rift da gangaren yammacin tsaunuka ya kasance daga 1,000 zuwa 1,500 millimeters. Ruwan sama na yanayi ne - Mayu zuwa Oktoba shine lokacin ruwan sama, kuma Disamba zuwa Afrilu shine lokacin da ya fi bushewa. Ruwa mai zurfi shine babban tushen samar da ruwa na gari a Nicaragua. Misali, Managua - wanda ke kan gabar Tafkin Managua da aka gurɓata - ana ba da shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, gami da ruwan ƙasa wanda ke shiga daga craters na dutsen wuta - wanda ake kira "lagoons'" a cikin birni. Misali, tafkin Asososca, zuwa yamma, shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha na Managua. == Tarihi da abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A karkashin gwamnatin Somoza har zuwa shekara ta 1979 manyan tsarin ruwa na birane suna aiki da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, yayin da sashen Ministoci ke kula da tsarin ruwa a ƙananan garuruwa. Bayan juyin juya halin an kirkiro kamfanin ruwa na kasa, Instituto Nicaragüense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (INAA). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] skiri8zde5uzw4nfthd1hcgh5346gs9 0 152492 840923 2026-05-28T06:10:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732402|Water supply and sanitation in Paraguay]]" 840923 wikitext text/x-wiki Duk da shekaru da yawa na hadin gwiwa da nasarorin da aka samu wajen fadada ɗaukar hoto da inganta dorewar sabis, har yanzu ana magance batutuwa da yawa a bangaren '''ruwa''' da tsabta. Muhimman batutuwan sun haɗa da: (i) ƙananan matakin ɗaukar ruwa da tsabta, musamman a yankunan karkara; (ii) ƙananan matakin dawo da farashi, duk da wajibin doka don farashi don dawo da farashin; da kuma (iii) tsarin ma'aikata wanda yake da tasiri kaɗan.<ref>Output-Based Aid in Water - Lessons in Implementation from a Pilot in Paraguay" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-12-26.</ref> == Samun dama == Duk da yake matakan ɗaukar hoto a cikin birane suna da yawa ta amfani da ma'anar sabis, ɗaukar hoto tare da matakan ayyuka mafi girma (gidan gida da magudanar ruwa) ya kasance ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da buƙata da sauran ƙasashe a yankin. '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Paraguay (2004) ''' {| class="wikitable" ! ! !Urban (58% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (42% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- |Ruwa |Bayani mai zurfi |99% |68% |86% |- | |Haɗin iyali |82% |25% |58% |- |Tsabtace Yanayi |Bayani mai zurfi |94% |61% |80% |- | |Rashin ruwa |16% |0% |9% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] ([https://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html JMP] An adana 2009-01-18 a /2006). Bayanai don [https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_wat.pdf ruwa] An adana su 2007-10-04 a da [https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_san.pdf tsabtace muhalli] An adanawa 2006-10-10 a Wayback Engine bisa ga Binciken Gidaje na Dindindin na Ƙididdigar (2002). == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007 wani taro da Cibiyar Horar da Kasuwanci ta Multidisciplinary (CAEM) -TECMA S.A. ta shirya kuma IDB ta ba da kuɗin ya kammala cewa Juntas suna buƙatar inganta gudanarwarsu da inganta tarin takardun kudi masu ban mamaki don kauce wa rushewar ma'aikata. In ba haka ba "tasirin mulkin mallaka" na iya faruwa kuma ya jefa kwanciyar hankali na kudi na SENASA da kuma alkawuran kasar ga Bankin Duniya cikin haɗari. == Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa == [[Fayil:Paraguay-CIA_WFB_Map.png|right|thumb|322x322px]] === Manufofin da ka'idoji === [[Fayil:Chaco_Boreal_Paraguay.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Ra'ayi game da El Chaco]] Hakki na tsara manufofi an ba da shi a cikin Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sadarwa kuma an ba da tsari ga wani bangare mai cin gashin kansa, [http://www.erssan.gov.py/ Hukumar Kula da Lafiya (ERSSAN)] . An tsara tsarin ma'aikata a cikin Dokar 1614/00 na 2000 wanda ya kafa tsarin tsari da farashi ga bangaren. Dokar, wacce ta haifar da ERSSAN, an tsara ta ne tare da tsammanin cewa shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin sashin zai karu sosai, wanda bai faru ba. A aikace, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sadarwa ba ta haɓaka manufofin bangarorin ba, ta bar wani wuri a cikin wannan muhimmin yanki. Hukumar kula da tsarin, wacce aka kirkira don tsara kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, ba ta da tasiri wajen tsara kamfanin ESSAP na kasa. SENASA kuma tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, tunda ba ta da isasshen damar samar da isaskiyar tallafi ga yawan Juntas da ke ƙaruwa. === Bayar da sabis === Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsabta a cikin birane ya dogara da kamfanonin jama'a na ƙasa, kuma tare da ƙungiyoyin ruwa sama da 1,621 da ke kula da al'umma (Juntas de Saneamiento) a cikin ƙananan birane da yankunan karkara. Kamfanin ƙasa, Empresa de Servicios Sanitarios de Paraguay (ESSAP), yana da alhakin yin hidima ga al'ummomin da ke da yawan mutane sama da 10,000. A cikin yankunan karkara da ƙananan garuruwa da ke da ƙasa da mazauna 10,000 ƙungiyoyin ruwa suna ba da sabis, yayin da taimakon fasaha da kuɗi ke ba da sabis na tsabtace muhalli na ƙasa (SENASA). Juntas an haɗa su cikin ƙungiyoyi 10 waɗanda ke ba da ruwa ga fiye da rabin yawan jama'ar ƙasar An kirkiro Juntas na farko tare da taimakon Bankin Duniya na farko na ruwa da rance na tsabtace muhalli ga Paraguay a cikin 1977, yana inganta haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa a [[Paraguay]] shine fitowar masu samar da kayayyaki masu zaman kansu, wanda ake kira "aguateros", tun daga shekarun 1970. Kokarinsu yana da babban rabo na fadada ruwan birane a yankin babban birnin. Aguateros masu zaman kansu ne, masu ba da sabis na al'ada waɗanda ke aiki da ƙananan tsarin tare da haɗin 3,000. Kimanin masu samar da kayayyaki masu zaman kansu 500 suna aiki da kimanin mutane 500,000. == Manazarta == 1tbnu579d2zus0fbmocztrjx34zfy82 840924 840923 2026-05-28T06:10:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 840924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Duk da shekaru da yawa na hadin gwiwa da nasarorin da aka samu wajen fadada ɗaukar hoto da inganta dorewar sabis, har yanzu ana magance batutuwa da yawa a bangaren '''ruwa''' da tsabta. Muhimman batutuwan sun haɗa da: (i) ƙananan matakin ɗaukar ruwa da tsabta, musamman a yankunan karkara; (ii) ƙananan matakin dawo da farashi, duk da wajibin doka don farashi don dawo da farashin; da kuma (iii) tsarin ma'aikata wanda yake da tasiri kaɗan.<ref>Output-Based Aid in Water - Lessons in Implementation from a Pilot in Paraguay" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-12-26.</ref> == Samun dama == Duk da yake matakan ɗaukar hoto a cikin birane suna da yawa ta amfani da ma'anar sabis, ɗaukar hoto tare da matakan ayyuka mafi girma (gidan gida da magudanar ruwa) ya kasance ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da buƙata da sauran ƙasashe a yankin. '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Paraguay (2004) ''' {| class="wikitable" ! ! !Urban (58% na yawan jama'a) !Karkara (42% na yawan jama'a) !Jimillar |- |Ruwa |Bayani mai zurfi |99% |68% |86% |- | |Haɗin iyali |82% |25% |58% |- |Tsabtace Yanayi |Bayani mai zurfi |94% |61% |80% |- | |Rashin ruwa |16% |0% |9% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] ([https://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html JMP] An adana 2009-01-18 a /2006). Bayanai don [https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_wat.pdf ruwa] An adana su 2007-10-04 a da [https://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/PRY_san.pdf tsabtace muhalli] An adanawa 2006-10-10 a Wayback Engine bisa ga Binciken Gidaje na Dindindin na Ƙididdigar (2002). == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007 wani taro da Cibiyar Horar da Kasuwanci ta Multidisciplinary (CAEM) -TECMA S.A. ta shirya kuma IDB ta ba da kuɗin ya kammala cewa Juntas suna buƙatar inganta gudanarwarsu da inganta tarin takardun kudi masu ban mamaki don kauce wa rushewar ma'aikata. In ba haka ba "tasirin mulkin mallaka" na iya faruwa kuma ya jefa kwanciyar hankali na kudi na SENASA da kuma alkawuran kasar ga Bankin Duniya cikin haɗari. == Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa == [[Fayil:Paraguay-CIA_WFB_Map.png|right|thumb|322x322px]] === Manufofin da ka'idoji === [[Fayil:Chaco_Boreal_Paraguay.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Ra'ayi game da El Chaco]] Hakki na tsara manufofi an ba da shi a cikin Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sadarwa kuma an ba da tsari ga wani bangare mai cin gashin kansa, [http://www.erssan.gov.py/ Hukumar Kula da Lafiya (ERSSAN)] . An tsara tsarin ma'aikata a cikin Dokar 1614/00 na 2000 wanda ya kafa tsarin tsari da farashi ga bangaren. Dokar, wacce ta haifar da ERSSAN, an tsara ta ne tare da tsammanin cewa shiga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin sashin zai karu sosai, wanda bai faru ba. A aikace, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a da Sadarwa ba ta haɓaka manufofin bangarorin ba, ta bar wani wuri a cikin wannan muhimmin yanki. Hukumar kula da tsarin, wacce aka kirkira don tsara kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, ba ta da tasiri wajen tsara kamfanin ESSAP na kasa. SENASA kuma tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, tunda ba ta da isasshen damar samar da isaskiyar tallafi ga yawan Juntas da ke ƙaruwa. === Bayar da sabis === Hakki na samar da ruwa da tsabta a cikin birane ya dogara da kamfanonin jama'a na ƙasa, kuma tare da ƙungiyoyin ruwa sama da 1,621 da ke kula da al'umma (Juntas de Saneamiento) a cikin ƙananan birane da yankunan karkara. Kamfanin ƙasa, Empresa de Servicios Sanitarios de Paraguay (ESSAP), yana da alhakin yin hidima ga al'ummomin da ke da yawan mutane sama da 10,000. A cikin yankunan karkara da ƙananan garuruwa da ke da ƙasa da mazauna 10,000 ƙungiyoyin ruwa suna ba da sabis, yayin da taimakon fasaha da kuɗi ke ba da sabis na tsabtace muhalli na ƙasa (SENASA). Juntas an haɗa su cikin ƙungiyoyi 10 waɗanda ke ba da ruwa ga fiye da rabin yawan jama'ar ƙasar An kirkiro Juntas na farko tare da taimakon Bankin Duniya na farko na ruwa da rance na tsabtace muhalli ga Paraguay a cikin 1977, yana inganta haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa a [[Paraguay]] shine fitowar masu samar da kayayyaki masu zaman kansu, wanda ake kira "aguateros", tun daga shekarun 1970. Kokarinsu yana da babban rabo na fadada ruwan birane a yankin babban birnin. Aguateros masu zaman kansu ne, masu ba da sabis na al'ada waɗanda ke aiki da ƙananan tsarin tare da haɗin 3,000. Kimanin masu samar da kayayyaki masu zaman kansu 500 suna aiki da kimanin mutane 500,000. == Manazarta == 0afi6ifx1mvuigb494385vsszh7tgih 0 152493 840925 2026-05-28T06:11:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732423|Water supply and sanitation in Rwanda]]" 840925 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Rwanda ana nuna su ta hanyar manufofin gwamnati da kuma goyon bayan masu ba da gudummawa. Dangane da rashin dorewar tsarin ruwa na karkara da rashin ingancin sabis, a cikin 2002 karamar hukuma a Lardin Byumba ta Arewa ta kwangila da samar da sabis ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na cikin gida a cikin hanyar Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Taimako ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu ya zama manufofin gwamnati a shekara ta 2004 kuma haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu da aka fara a cikin gida sun bazu cikin sauri, suna rufe kashi 25% na tsarin ruwa na karkara tun daga shekara ta 2007.<ref>Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency Annual Report 2004, p. 24 Exchange rate of 1:550 from www.oanda.com for 2006, since no 2004 exchange rate was available</ref> A cikin birane, Kamfanin [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da Kiwon Lafiya (WASAC) yana kula da samar da ruwa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru 27 tare da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa don saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 75 don samar da cubic mita 40,000 / rana na ruwa mai yawa daga wani rijiyar da ke kusa da [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] zuwa babban birnin [[Kigali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kigali Bulk Water Supply Project will add 40,000m3/d of potable water |url=http://www.wasac.rw/index.php/media-centre/news/146-kigali-bulk-water-supply-project-will-add-40-000m3-d-of-potable-water |access-date=30 April 2015 |publisher=WASAC}}</ref> Wannan shine kwangila na farko na wannan nau'in a Afirka ta Kudu. == Samun dama == === Matsayi da yanayin === [[Fayil:Access_to_Improved_Water_Sources_and_Sanitation_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.png|thumb|450x450px|Samun damar inganta samar da ruwa da tsabta, a cikin ƙasashe 7 na yankin Sahara, daga 1990 har zuwa 2008. ]] Adadin samun ruwa da tsaftacewa sun bambanta dangane da tushen bayanai, a bayyane yake a wani bangare saboda ana iya amfani da ma'anoni daban-daban don samun damar [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] da ingantaccen tsaftacewa. Gaskiyar cewa yawancin tsarin ruwa na karkara ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata ya sa ya zama da wahala a kimanta ingancin samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa. Tebur mai zuwa yana kwatanta samun damar samar da ruwa bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, yana nuna wahalar samun bayanai masu aminci game da canjin samun damar samarwa da ruwa saboda ma'anoni daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su. Bayanan sun bayyana suna nuna cewa samun dama ya ragu a tsawon lokaci, yayin da a cikin wannan lokacin aka gudanar da manyan saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara. Takardar dabarun rage talauci ta gwamnati ta 2002 ta yarda cewa hakika "tsayawa da hanyoyin ruwa mai sha tabbas ya ragu a yankunan karkara" tun daga shekarar 1995. Babban dalilin shine rashin kulawa da rashin isasshen farashi, wanda ke haifar da rushewar tsarin rufe samar da ruwa, musamman wadanda suka dogara da famfo. '''Tebur: Samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa bisa ga kafofin daban-daban''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Urban (19% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (81% na yawan jama'a) <br /> |- |Binciken Masu Bayyanawa da yawa na 2000 |91% |67% |- |Ƙididdigar 2002 |80% |67% |- |2005 Cikakken Yanayin Rayuwa na Gida |66% |57% |} Dangane da binciken Multi-Indicator na 2000 da kuma binciken Demographic da Lafiya na 2000, samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ya kasance 91% a cikin birane da 67% a yankunan karkara. A cewar wannan tushen, samun isasshen tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 54% a cikin birane da 37% a cikin yankunan karkara. Dangane da lissafi bisa ga bayanai daga ƙidayar shekara ta 2002, samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ya kasance 80% a cikin birane da 67% a cikin yankunan karkara, gami da ma'anar ingantaccen haɗin gida, haɗin yadi, matsayi na jama'a, kariya rijiyoyi da kariya. Idan adadi sun kasance kwatankwacin, wannan zai nuna raguwar samun dama a cikin birane da kuma tsayawa a yankunan karkara. Taswirar da ke biyowa tana nuna samun damar samun ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ta gundumomi da garuruwa bisa ga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2002: Taswirar samun damar samun ingantattun tushen samar da ruwan[http://www.statisticsrwanda.gov.rw/Maps/French/map50.htm Taswirar samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa] Dangane da Binciken Yanayi na Rayuwa na Gida na 2005, duk da haka, kashi 66% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 57% na yawan yankunan karkara suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwan sha. Game da isasshen tsabtace muhalli, an kiyasta samun damar zuwa kashi 10% kawai a cikin birane da kashi 8% a cikin yankunan karkara. ) Idan adadi sun kasance kwatankwacin, wannan zai nuna raguwa mai yawa a samun ruwa da tsabta a cikin birane da yankunan karkara a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Koyaya, bisa ga rahoton Bankin Duniya, samun damar samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara a Rwanda ya karu daga 41% a 2001 zuwa 55% a 2005. Adadin 2005 don haka yana da kusan daidai da adadi na 2005 Integral Household Living Conditions Survey. A cewar gwamnati, samun ruwa a yankunan karkara ya karu sosai a cikin shekaru biyu kawai daga 57% a 2005 zuwa 71% a 2007. Dangane da '''Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya na 2008''' 60% na yawan jama'a suna da damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa, ya ragu da kashi 73% a cikin birane da 57% a yankunan karkara. JMP ta kiyasta bisa ga binciken kasa daya da aka gudanar a 1992 da kuma binciken kasa 12 da aka gudanar tsakanin 1998 da 2008 cewa samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ya ragu daga 66% a 1995 zuwa 65% a 2010. Raguwar ta fi nunawa a cikin birane - daga 91% zuwa 76% .<ref>{{Cite web |last=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme |title=Estimates for the use of |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/RWA_wat.pdf |access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4vt77vbpbdqxtjqzlfwt3k2s55fpoxl 840926 840925 2026-05-28T06:11:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 840926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Rwanda''' ana nuna su ta hanyar manufofin gwamnati da kuma goyon bayan masu ba da gudummawa. Dangane da rashin dorewar tsarin ruwa na karkara da rashin ingancin sabis, a cikin 2002 karamar hukuma a Lardin Byumba ta Arewa ta kwangila da samar da sabis ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na cikin gida a cikin hanyar Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Taimako ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu ya zama manufofin gwamnati a shekara ta 2004 kuma haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu da aka fara a cikin gida sun bazu cikin sauri, suna rufe kashi 25% na tsarin ruwa na karkara tun daga shekara ta 2007.<ref>Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency Annual Report 2004, p. 24 Exchange rate of 1:550 from www.oanda.com for 2006, since no 2004 exchange rate was available</ref> A cikin birane, Kamfanin [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da Kiwon Lafiya (WASAC) yana kula da samar da ruwa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru 27 tare da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa don saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 75 don samar da cubic mita 40,000 / rana na ruwa mai yawa daga wani rijiyar da ke kusa da [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] zuwa babban birnin [[Kigali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kigali Bulk Water Supply Project will add 40,000m3/d of potable water |url=http://www.wasac.rw/index.php/media-centre/news/146-kigali-bulk-water-supply-project-will-add-40-000m3-d-of-potable-water |access-date=30 April 2015 |publisher=WASAC}}</ref> Wannan shine kwangila na farko na wannan nau'in a Afirka ta Kudu. == Samun dama == === Matsayi da yanayin === [[Fayil:Access_to_Improved_Water_Sources_and_Sanitation_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa.png|thumb|450x450px|Samun damar inganta samar da ruwa da tsabta, a cikin ƙasashe 7 na yankin Sahara, daga 1990 har zuwa 2008. ]] Adadin samun ruwa da tsaftacewa sun bambanta dangane da tushen bayanai, a bayyane yake a wani bangare saboda ana iya amfani da ma'anoni daban-daban don samun damar [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] da ingantaccen tsaftacewa. Gaskiyar cewa yawancin tsarin ruwa na karkara ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata ya sa ya zama da wahala a kimanta ingancin samun damar ingantaccen samar da ruwa. Tebur mai zuwa yana kwatanta samun damar samar da ruwa bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, yana nuna wahalar samun bayanai masu aminci game da canjin samun damar samarwa da ruwa saboda ma'anoni daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su. Bayanan sun bayyana suna nuna cewa samun dama ya ragu a tsawon lokaci, yayin da a cikin wannan lokacin aka gudanar da manyan saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara. Takardar dabarun rage talauci ta gwamnati ta 2002 ta yarda cewa hakika "tsayawa da hanyoyin ruwa mai sha tabbas ya ragu a yankunan karkara" tun daga shekarar 1995. Babban dalilin shine rashin kulawa da rashin isasshen farashi, wanda ke haifar da rushewar tsarin rufe samar da ruwa, musamman wadanda suka dogara da famfo. '''Tebur: Samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa bisa ga kafofin daban-daban''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Urban (19% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (81% na yawan jama'a) <br /> |- |Binciken Masu Bayyanawa da yawa na 2000 |91% |67% |- |Ƙididdigar 2002 |80% |67% |- |2005 Cikakken Yanayin Rayuwa na Gida |66% |57% |} Dangane da binciken Multi-Indicator na 2000 da kuma binciken Demographic da Lafiya na 2000, samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ya kasance 91% a cikin birane da 67% a yankunan karkara. A cewar wannan tushen, samun isasshen tsabtace muhalli ya kasance 54% a cikin birane da 37% a cikin yankunan karkara. Dangane da lissafi bisa ga bayanai daga ƙidayar shekara ta 2002, samun damar ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ya kasance 80% a cikin birane da 67% a cikin yankunan karkara, gami da ma'anar ingantaccen haɗin gida, haɗin yadi, matsayi na jama'a, kariya rijiyoyi da kariya. Idan adadi sun kasance kwatankwacin, wannan zai nuna raguwar samun dama a cikin birane da kuma tsayawa a yankunan karkara. Taswirar da ke biyowa tana nuna samun damar samun ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa ta gundumomi da garuruwa bisa ga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2002: Taswirar samun damar samun ingantattun tushen samar da ruwan[http://www.statisticsrwanda.gov.rw/Maps/French/map50.htm Taswirar samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa] Dangane da Binciken Yanayi na Rayuwa na Gida na 2005, duk da haka, kashi 66% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 57% na yawan yankunan karkara suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwan sha. Game da isasshen tsabtace muhalli, an kiyasta samun damar zuwa kashi 10% kawai a cikin birane da kashi 8% a cikin yankunan karkara. ) Idan adadi sun kasance kwatankwacin, wannan zai nuna raguwa mai yawa a samun ruwa da tsabta a cikin birane da yankunan karkara a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Koyaya, bisa ga rahoton Bankin Duniya, samun damar samar da ruwa a yankunan karkara a Rwanda ya karu daga 41% a 2001 zuwa 55% a 2005. Adadin 2005 don haka yana da kusan daidai da adadi na 2005 Integral Household Living Conditions Survey. A cewar gwamnati, samun ruwa a yankunan karkara ya karu sosai a cikin shekaru biyu kawai daga 57% a 2005 zuwa 71% a 2007. Dangane da '''Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya na 2008''' 60% na yawan jama'a suna da damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa, ya ragu da kashi 73% a cikin birane da 57% a yankunan karkara. JMP ta kiyasta bisa ga binciken kasa daya da aka gudanar a 1992 da kuma binciken kasa 12 da aka gudanar tsakanin 1998 da 2008 cewa samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ya ragu daga 66% a 1995 zuwa 65% a 2010. Raguwar ta fi nunawa a cikin birane - daga 91% zuwa 76% .<ref>{{Cite web |last=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme |title=Estimates for the use of |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/RWA_wat.pdf |access-date=6 May 2013}}</ref> == Manazarta == b0f04oz12mvl3chu1tgo77njh9ebuz7 0 152494 840927 2026-05-28T06:12:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732348|Water supply and sanitation in the Dominican Republic]]" 840927 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] ta sami karuwa mai ban sha'awa a cikin samun ruwa da tsabta a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata kafin 2010. Koyaya, ingancin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun kasance marasa kyau, duk da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasar a cikin shekarun 1990 == Samun dama == A cikin shekara ta 2015, kusan mutane miliyan 1.6 ba su da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau" kuma miliyan 1.7 ba su da hanyar samun tsabta "mai kyau". A cikin Jamhuriyar Dominica, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau", kashi 86% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 81% na yawan mutanen karkara. Game da tsaftacewa, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a, 86% da 76%, birane da yankunan karkara bi da bi, suna da damar samun " ingantaccen" tsaftacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Dominican Republic |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/dominican-republic/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2010 Jamhuriyar Dominica, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 8.8, wanda kusan kashi 60% suna cikin birane, suna da matakin samun damar samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsaftacewa, kodayake samun dama a wasu yankuna da kuma tsakanin matalauta ya kasance bai isa ba. {| class="wikitable" ! !Urban (60% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (40% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Jimillar |- |[[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] |87% |84% |86% |- |Inganta tsabtace muhalli |87% |75% |83% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Ruwa (2010) bisa ga ƙaddamar da yanayin da aka samu daga sakamakon binciken jama'a da kiwon lafiya na Jamhuriyar Dominica guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1986 da 2007 da kuma Binciken Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga da aka gudanar a cikin 2000. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa na yanki a cikin ɗaukar ruwa. Misali, a cikin larduna tara da ke cikin Tsakiya, Arewa maso Gabas da Gabashin kasar kasa da kashi 70% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa bisa ga ƙididdigar 2002. Gidajen matalauta suna nuna ƙananan matakan samun dama: kawai kashi 56% na gidajen matalautan suna da alaƙa da haɗin gidajen ruwa kamar yadda ya saba da kashi 80% na gidajen da ba matalauta ba. Kashi 20% ne kawai na gidaje matalauta suna da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa, sabanin kashi 50% ga wadanda ba matalauta ba. == Ingancin sabis == Duk da kokarin rarraba mulki da ci gaba da tallafin gwamnati, inganci da ci gaba na sabis bai isa ba a Jamhuriyar Dominica. [[Rashin ruwa]] yana ƙaruwa galibi saboda yawan amfani a cikin birane, rashin kula da buƙatu (ƙananan farashi, ƙarancin ma'auni, iyakancewar sanin muhalli) da lalacewar ruwa. Rashin lalacewar ruwa yana faruwa galibi a ƙananan sassan mafi yawan wuraren da ke bakin teku kuma sakamakon ƙauyuka da ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba da kuma rashin ayyukan tsabta. === Ci gaba === '''Ci gaba da ayyuka (%) ''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Ta hanyar tsarin !Ta hanyar yawan jama'a |- |Ci gaba da hidima |40% |10.5% |- |Ayyuka na lokaci-lokaci |60% |89.5% |} === Ingancin ruwan sha === Abubuwa daban-daban suna shafar ingancin ruwa a Jamhuriyar Dominica, gami da: mummunan yanayin tsarin tsarkakewa, ƙananan sarrafawa na aiki, ƙananan matakan kula da tsire-tsire na magani, kuma mafi yawan tsarin lokaci-lokaci. 38.4% na tsarin ruwa ba su da tsarin chlorination da aka shigar. Wadannan galibi ƙananan tsarin ne a yankunan karkara. Gaskiyar cewa akwai tsarin chlorination ba tabbacin cewa an kashe ruwa yadda ya kamata ba. '''Shirin chlorination na kasa''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Birni !Karkara !Kasar kasa |- |Tsarin ruwa tare da tsarin chlorination |87.3% |57.4% |61.4% |- |Tsarin ruwa ba tare da tsarin chlorination ba |12.7% |42.6% |38.4% |} [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] c3ooib9xobu5geyzbr5f5zd84a3x3n8 840928 840927 2026-05-28T06:13:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 840928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] ta sami karuwa mai ban sha'awa a cikin samun ruwa da tsabta a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata kafin 2010. Koyaya, ingancin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun kasance marasa kyau, duk da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasar a cikin shekarun 1990 == Samun dama == A cikin shekara ta 2015, kusan mutane miliyan 1.6 ba su da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau" kuma miliyan 1.7 ba su da hanyar samun tsabta "mai kyau". A cikin Jamhuriyar Dominica, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau", kashi 86% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 81% na yawan mutanen karkara. Game da tsaftacewa, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a, 86% da 76%, birane da yankunan karkara bi da bi, suna da damar samun " ingantaccen" tsaftacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Dominican Republic |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/dominican-republic/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2010 Jamhuriyar Dominica, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 8.8, wanda kusan kashi 60% suna cikin birane, suna da matakin samun damar samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsaftacewa, kodayake samun dama a wasu yankuna da kuma tsakanin matalauta ya kasance bai isa ba. {| class="wikitable" ! !Urban (60% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (40% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Jimillar |- |[[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] |87% |84% |86% |- |Inganta tsabtace muhalli |87% |75% |83% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Ruwa (2010) bisa ga ƙaddamar da yanayin da aka samu daga sakamakon binciken jama'a da kiwon lafiya na Jamhuriyar Dominica guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1986 da 2007 da kuma Binciken Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga da aka gudanar a cikin 2000. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa na yanki a cikin ɗaukar ruwa. Misali, a cikin larduna tara da ke cikin Tsakiya, Arewa maso Gabas da Gabashin kasar kasa da kashi 70% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa bisa ga ƙididdigar 2002. Gidajen matalauta suna nuna ƙananan matakan samun dama: kawai kashi 56% na gidajen matalautan suna da alaƙa da haɗin gidajen ruwa kamar yadda ya saba da kashi 80% na gidajen da ba matalauta ba. Kashi 20% ne kawai na gidaje matalauta suna da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa, sabanin kashi 50% ga wadanda ba matalauta ba. == Ingancin sabis == Duk da kokarin rarraba mulki da ci gaba da tallafin gwamnati, inganci da ci gaba na sabis bai isa ba a Jamhuriyar Dominica. [[Rashin ruwa]] yana ƙaruwa galibi saboda yawan amfani a cikin birane, rashin kula da buƙatu (ƙananan farashi, ƙarancin ma'auni, iyakancewar sanin muhalli) da lalacewar ruwa. Rashin lalacewar ruwa yana faruwa galibi a ƙananan sassan mafi yawan wuraren da ke bakin teku kuma sakamakon ƙauyuka da ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba da kuma rashin ayyukan tsabta. === Ci gaba === '''Ci gaba da ayyuka (%) ''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Ta hanyar tsarin !Ta hanyar yawan jama'a |- |Ci gaba da hidima |40% |10.5% |- |Ayyuka na lokaci-lokaci |60% |89.5% |} === Ingancin ruwan sha === Abubuwa daban-daban suna shafar ingancin ruwa a Jamhuriyar Dominica, gami da: mummunan yanayin tsarin tsarkakewa, ƙananan sarrafawa na aiki, ƙananan matakan kula da tsire-tsire na magani, kuma mafi yawan tsarin lokaci-lokaci. 38.4% na tsarin ruwa ba su da tsarin chlorination da aka shigar. Wadannan galibi ƙananan tsarin ne a yankunan karkara. Gaskiyar cewa akwai tsarin chlorination ba tabbacin cewa an kashe ruwa yadda ya kamata ba. '''Shirin chlorination na kasa''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Birni !Karkara !Kasar kasa |- |Tsarin ruwa tare da tsarin chlorination |87.3% |57.4% |61.4% |- |Tsarin ruwa ba tare da tsarin chlorination ba |12.7% |42.6% |38.4% |} [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] nm7i9xs15k4bqqfamidk0ry2hzg7ea6 840929 840928 2026-05-28T06:13:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 840929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] ta sami karuwa mai ban sha'awa a cikin samun ruwa da tsabta a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata kafin 2010. Koyaya, ingancin samar da ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli sun kasance marasa kyau, duk da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasar a cikin shekarun 1990 == Samun dama == A cikin shekara ta 2015, kusan mutane miliyan 1.6 ba su da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau" kuma miliyan 1.7 ba su da hanyar samun tsabta "mai kyau". A cikin Jamhuriyar Dominica, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau", kashi 86% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 81% na yawan mutanen karkara. Game da tsaftacewa, kashi 84% na yawan jama'a, 86% da 76%, birane da yankunan karkara bi da bi, suna da damar samun " ingantaccen" tsaftacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Dominican Republic |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/dominican-republic/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2010 Jamhuriyar Dominica, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 8.8, wanda kusan kashi 60% suna cikin birane, suna da matakin samun damar samar da [[Samar da Ruwa|Ruwa]] da tsaftacewa, kodayake samun dama a wasu yankuna da kuma tsakanin matalauta ya kasance bai isa ba. {| class="wikitable" ! !Urban (60% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Karkara (40% na yawan jama'a) <br /> !Jimillar |- |[[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa]] |87% |84% |86% |- |Inganta tsabtace muhalli |87% |75% |83% |} ''Tushen'': Shirin Kula da hadin gwiwa na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] / [[UNICEF]] don Sayar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Ruwa (2010) bisa ga ƙaddamar da yanayin da aka samu daga sakamakon binciken jama'a da kiwon lafiya na Jamhuriyar Dominica guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1986 da 2007 da kuma Binciken Ƙididdigar Ƙididdiga da aka gudanar a cikin 2000. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa na yanki a cikin ɗaukar ruwa. Misali, a cikin larduna tara da ke cikin Tsakiya, Arewa maso Gabas da Gabashin kasar kasa da kashi 70% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen samar da ruwa bisa ga ƙididdigar 2002. Gidajen matalauta suna nuna ƙananan matakan samun dama: kawai kashi 56% na gidajen matalautan suna da alaƙa da haɗin gidajen ruwa kamar yadda ya saba da kashi 80% na gidajen da ba matalauta ba. Kashi 20% ne kawai na gidaje matalauta suna da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa, sabanin kashi 50% ga wadanda ba matalauta ba. == Ingancin sabis == Duk da kokarin rarraba mulki da ci gaba da tallafin gwamnati, inganci da ci gaba na sabis bai isa ba a Jamhuriyar Dominica. [[Rashin ruwa]] yana ƙaruwa galibi saboda yawan amfani a cikin birane, rashin kula da buƙatu (ƙananan farashi, ƙarancin ma'auni, iyakancewar sanin muhalli) da lalacewar ruwa. Rashin lalacewar ruwa yana faruwa galibi a ƙananan sassan mafi yawan wuraren da ke bakin teku kuma sakamakon ƙauyuka da ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba da kuma rashin ayyukan tsabta. === Ci gaba === '''Ci gaba da ayyuka (%) ''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Ta hanyar tsarin !Ta hanyar yawan jama'a |- |Ci gaba da hidima |40% |10.5% |- |Ayyuka na lokaci-lokaci |60% |89.5% |} === Ingancin ruwan sha === Abubuwa daban-daban suna shafar ingancin ruwa a Jamhuriyar Dominica, gami da: mummunan yanayin tsarin tsarkakewa, ƙananan sarrafawa na aiki, ƙananan matakan kula da tsire-tsire na magani, kuma mafi yawan tsarin lokaci-lokaci. 38.4% na tsarin ruwa ba su da tsarin chlorination da aka shigar. Wadannan galibi ƙananan tsarin ne a yankunan karkara. Gaskiyar cewa akwai tsarin chlorination ba tabbacin cewa an kashe ruwa yadda ya kamata ba. '''Shirin chlorination na kasa''' {| class="wikitable" ! !Birni !Karkara !Kasar kasa |- |Tsarin ruwa tare da tsarin chlorination |87.3% |57.4% |61.4% |- |Tsarin ruwa ba tare da tsarin chlorination ba |12.7% |42.6% |38.4% |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] lkrp6upb0gmf2z3votm1qv74cfrc8kq 0 152495 840930 2026-05-28T06:14:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349962258|Water supply and sanitation in Yemen]]" 840930 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Yemen ana nuna su da ƙalubale da yawa da kuma wasu nasarori. Babban ƙalubalen shine matsanancin karancin ruwa, musamman a cikin Highlands, wanda ya sa The Times na London ya rubuta "Yemen na iya zama al'umma ta farko da ta rasa ruwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6883051 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629124451/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6883051 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref> Babban ƙalubale na biyu shine babban matakin talauci, yana mai da matukar wahala a dawo da farashin samar da sabis. Samun damar samar da ruwa a Yemen yana da ƙarancin ko ma ƙasa da wannan a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara. Yemen ita ce kasa mafi talauci kuma kasa mafi karancin ruwa a Duniyar Larabawa. Na uku, ikon cibiyoyin bangarorin don tsarawa, ginawa, aiki da kula da ababen more rayuwa ya kasance iyakance. Na ƙarshe amma ba mafi mahimmanci yanayin tsaro ya sa ya fi wuya a inganta ko ma kula da matakan sabis na yanzu. Matsakaicin Yemen yana da damar samun mita 140 kawai na ruwa a kowace shekara (gallon 101 a kowace rana) don duk amfani, yayin da matsakaicin Gabas ta Tsakiya shine 1,000 m³/shekara, kuma ƙofar da aka ƙayyade a duniya don damuwa na ruwa shine mita 1,700 a kowace shekara.<ref name="grida.no">{{Cite web |title=Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113733/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm |archive-date=26 June 2015 |access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref> Ruwan ƙasa [[Yemen|'Yan Yemen]] shine babban tushen ruwa a cikin ƙasar amma teburin ruwa sun faɗi sosai suna barin ƙasar ba tare da tushen ruwa mai inganci ba. Misali, a [[Sanaa|Sana'a]], teburin ruwa ya kasance mita 30 a ƙasa a cikin 1970s amma ya sauka zuwa mita 1200 a ƙasa da 2012 a wasu yankuna. Gwamnatocin Yemen ba su tsara ruwan kasa ba. Ko da kafin juyin juya halin, yanayin ruwa na Yemen an bayyana shi da mummunar mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar masana da suka damu cewa Yemen za ta zama "ƙasa ta farko da za ta rasa ruwa". Aikin noma a Yemen yana ɗaukar kusan 90% na ruwa a Yemen duk da cewa yana samar da kashi 6% na GDP; duk da haka, babban ɓangare na Yemen sun dogara da karamin aikin gona. Ana amfani da rabin ruwan gona a Yemen don shuka khat, wani miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda yawancin mutanen Yemen suke cinyewa. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin irin wannan ƙasa mai karancin ruwa kamar Yemen, inda rabin yawan jama'a ba su da abinci, ana amfani da kashi 45% na ruwan da aka cire daga wuraren da ke raguwa don shuka miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda ba ya ciyar da Yemen.<ref name="IRIN" />&nbsp; == Samun dama == A cikin shekara ta 2014, kusan mutane miliyan 11.2 ba su da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau" kuma kusan mutane miliyan11.5 ba su da hanyar samun "mafi kyau" a Yemen.<ref name="washwatch">{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Yemen |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/yemen/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A baya, a cikin 2012, kashi 55% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau", ko kashi 72% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 47% na yawan karkara. Game da tsaftacewa, a cikin 2012, kashi 53% na yawan jama'a suna da damar " ingantaccen" tsaftacewa، ko 93% na yawan birane da 34% na yawan karkara.<ref name="washwatch">{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Yemen |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/yemen/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana samun ruwa mai gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar, amma yawancin ƙauyuka sun kasance ba tare da shi ba. Mata a yankuna masu nisa yawanci suna shan ruwa daga rijiyar da ta fi kusa ko daga rami, wani lokacin suna tafiya har zuwa sa'o'i biyu a kowace hanya sau biyu a rana. Za su iya ɗaukar ruwa a cikin tukwane a kan kawunansu ko ɗora su a kan jaki. Kididdigar samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a Yemen sun sabawa juna. Misali, bayanan daga ƙididdigar kwanan nan, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 1997, sun bambanta sosai da bayanai a cikin Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya (DHS) da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar. Dangane da ƙididdigar, kashi 61% ko gidajen birane suna da damar samun haɗin ruwa a cikin gidansu, yayin da bisa ga DHS wannan adadi ya kasance 70%, amma ga yankunan karkara an juya tsari. Ƙididdigar ta ba da adadi mafi girma don samun damar haɗin gida (25%) fiye da DHS (19%). Sabon bayanan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi amfani da su sun fito ne daga binciken Iyali da Lafiya na 2004 da kuma binciken tarin masu yawa na 2006. An yi kimantawa don shekara ta 2011 bisa ga ƙaddamar da abubuwan da suka faru daga shekarun da suka gabata. == Ingancin sabis == Ingancin sabis don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa yana da girma da yawa. Misali, ana iya auna ingancin sabis don samar da ruwa ta hanyar ci gaba da samarwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana da ƙarancin gaske a Yemen, da gamsar da abokin ciniki, wanda yake da ban mamaki. Ɗaya daga cikin alamomi don ingancin sabis na tsaftacewa shine tasirin tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa a cire gurbataccen abu, wanda sau da yawa yana da ƙarancin gaske a Yemen. === Ci gaba da samar da ruwa === [[Fayil:Almawhit01_flickr.jpg|thumb|250x250px|A garin Mahwit, ruwan bututu yana zuwa kasa da sau ɗaya a mako.]] Ci gaba da samar da ruwa ba shi da kyau a yawancin biranen Yemen. Misali, a cikin Taiz, mitar isar da ruwa na jama'a sau ɗaya ne kawai a kowace kwanaki 40. Mutane da yawa dole ne su dogara da ruwa mai tsada da aka bayar ta rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke samar da tankunan ruwa. Ingancin wannan ruwa yana da shakku saboda ana amfani da waɗannan tankuna don wasu dalilai ba tare da tsaftacewa ba. A cewar Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli, 15 daga cikin 23 na ruwa na birane sun samar da ruwa kowace rana tsakanin awanni 12 zuwa 24 a cikin 2007. Wadannan bayanan ba su bambanta tsakanin masu amfani da ci gaba da wadata da waɗanda ke da wadataccen nau'in "mai matsakaici" (fiye da awanni 12 na yau da kullun). Biranen 15 sun hada da Sana'a da Aden waɗanda ke samar da ruwa mai saurin lokaci. Sauran garuruwa huɗu sun samar da ruwa a kowace rana, amma ƙasa da awanni 12 a kowace rana. Birnin Ibb da garin [[Bajil]] suna samar da ruwa sau ɗaya kawai a mako. Kuma kayan aiki a Taiz da Mahwit sun samar da ruwa kasa da sau ɗaya a mako a cikin 2007. Koyaya, akwai yiwuwar rahotanni masu rikitarwa game da ci gaba da wadata. Misali, Ma'aikatar ta ba da rahoton cewa ana samar da ruwa a kowace rana a Amran a cikin 2007. Koyaya, 100% na masu amsawa ga binciken gida a cikin wannan garin a cikin 2008 sun nuna cewa suna karɓar ruwa sau ɗaya kawai a mako ko ma sau ɗaya a wata.&nbsp; === Farin cikin abokan ciniki === Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2008 a cikin garuruwa 7 88% na abokan ciniki na kayan aikin ruwa sun ce sun gamsu da matakin sabis na kayan aikin su na ruwa, kuma 9% ne kawai ba su gamsu ba. Ko da a cikin birnin Ibb, inda samar da ruwa ba ta da kyau, kashi 47% na abokan ciniki sun bayyana cewa sun gamsu. A garin Amran, inda halin da ake ciki ya yi kama da haka, har ma da kwastomomi - 74% - sun gamsu. Wataƙila kwastomomi sun saba da ingancin sabis mara kyau kuma sun rage tsammanin su. Kashi 77 cikin 100 na iyalai sun ce sun sha Ruwan famfo.<ref name="2008 Survey" /> == Manazarta == esj1dw3elr82h4bb8d9x78r9yff8a7f 840931 840930 2026-05-28T06:14:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 840931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Yemen''' ana nuna su da ƙalubale da yawa da kuma wasu nasarori. Babban ƙalubalen shine matsanancin karancin ruwa, musamman a cikin Highlands, wanda ya sa The Times na London ya rubuta "Yemen na iya zama al'umma ta farko da ta rasa ruwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6883051 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629124451/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article6883051 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=February 27, 2011}}</ref> Babban ƙalubale na biyu shine babban matakin talauci, yana mai da matukar wahala a dawo da farashin samar da sabis. Samun damar samar da ruwa a Yemen yana da ƙarancin ko ma ƙasa da wannan a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara. Yemen ita ce kasa mafi talauci kuma kasa mafi karancin ruwa a Duniyar Larabawa. Na uku, ikon cibiyoyin bangarorin don tsarawa, ginawa, aiki da kula da ababen more rayuwa ya kasance iyakance. Na ƙarshe amma ba mafi mahimmanci yanayin tsaro ya sa ya fi wuya a inganta ko ma kula da matakan sabis na yanzu. Matsakaicin Yemen yana da damar samun mita 140 kawai na ruwa a kowace shekara (gallon 101 a kowace rana) don duk amfani, yayin da matsakaicin Gabas ta Tsakiya shine 1,000 m³/shekara, kuma ƙofar da aka ƙayyade a duniya don damuwa na ruwa shine mita 1,700 a kowace shekara.<ref name="grida.no">{{Cite web |title=Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113733/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/180.htm |archive-date=26 June 2015 |access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref> Ruwan ƙasa [[Yemen|'Yan Yemen]] shine babban tushen ruwa a cikin ƙasar amma teburin ruwa sun faɗi sosai suna barin ƙasar ba tare da tushen ruwa mai inganci ba. Misali, a [[Sanaa|Sana'a]], teburin ruwa ya kasance mita 30 a ƙasa a cikin 1970s amma ya sauka zuwa mita 1200 a ƙasa da 2012 a wasu yankuna. Gwamnatocin Yemen ba su tsara ruwan kasa ba. Ko da kafin juyin juya halin, yanayin ruwa na Yemen an bayyana shi da mummunar mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar masana da suka damu cewa Yemen za ta zama "ƙasa ta farko da za ta rasa ruwa". Aikin noma a Yemen yana ɗaukar kusan 90% na ruwa a Yemen duk da cewa yana samar da kashi 6% na GDP; duk da haka, babban ɓangare na Yemen sun dogara da karamin aikin gona. Ana amfani da rabin ruwan gona a Yemen don shuka khat, wani miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda yawancin mutanen Yemen suke cinyewa. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin irin wannan ƙasa mai karancin ruwa kamar Yemen, inda rabin yawan jama'a ba su da abinci, ana amfani da kashi 45% na ruwan da aka cire daga wuraren da ke raguwa don shuka miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda ba ya ciyar da Yemen.<ref name="IRIN" />&nbsp; == Samun dama == A cikin shekara ta 2014, kusan mutane miliyan 11.2 ba su da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau" kuma kusan mutane miliyan11.5 ba su da hanyar samun "mafi kyau" a Yemen.<ref name="washwatch">{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Yemen |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/yemen/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> A baya, a cikin 2012, kashi 55% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun ruwa "mai kyau", ko kashi 72% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 47% na yawan karkara. Game da tsaftacewa, a cikin 2012, kashi 53% na yawan jama'a suna da damar " ingantaccen" tsaftacewa، ko 93% na yawan birane da 34% na yawan karkara.<ref name="washwatch">{{Cite web |title=WASHwatch.org - Yemen |url=http://washwatch.org/en/countries/yemen/summary/statistics/ |access-date=2017-03-22 |website=washwatch.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana samun ruwa mai gudana a sassa da yawa na ƙasar, amma yawancin ƙauyuka sun kasance ba tare da shi ba. Mata a yankuna masu nisa yawanci suna shan ruwa daga rijiyar da ta fi kusa ko daga rami, wani lokacin suna tafiya har zuwa sa'o'i biyu a kowace hanya sau biyu a rana. Za su iya ɗaukar ruwa a cikin tukwane a kan kawunansu ko ɗora su a kan jaki. Kididdigar samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a Yemen sun sabawa juna. Misali, bayanan daga ƙididdigar kwanan nan, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 1997, sun bambanta sosai da bayanai a cikin Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya (DHS) da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar. Dangane da ƙididdigar, kashi 61% ko gidajen birane suna da damar samun haɗin ruwa a cikin gidansu, yayin da bisa ga DHS wannan adadi ya kasance 70%, amma ga yankunan karkara an juya tsari. Ƙididdigar ta ba da adadi mafi girma don samun damar haɗin gida (25%) fiye da DHS (19%). Sabon bayanan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi amfani da su sun fito ne daga binciken Iyali da Lafiya na 2004 da kuma binciken tarin masu yawa na 2006. An yi kimantawa don shekara ta 2011 bisa ga ƙaddamar da abubuwan da suka faru daga shekarun da suka gabata. == Ingancin sabis == Ingancin sabis don samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa yana da girma da yawa. Misali, ana iya auna ingancin sabis don samar da ruwa ta hanyar ci gaba da samarwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana da ƙarancin gaske a Yemen, da gamsar da abokin ciniki, wanda yake da ban mamaki. Ɗaya daga cikin alamomi don ingancin sabis na tsaftacewa shine tasirin tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa a cire gurbataccen abu, wanda sau da yawa yana da ƙarancin gaske a Yemen. === Ci gaba da samar da ruwa === [[Fayil:Almawhit01_flickr.jpg|thumb|250x250px|A garin Mahwit, ruwan bututu yana zuwa kasa da sau ɗaya a mako.]] Ci gaba da samar da ruwa ba shi da kyau a yawancin biranen Yemen. Misali, a cikin Taiz, mitar isar da ruwa na jama'a sau ɗaya ne kawai a kowace kwanaki 40. Mutane da yawa dole ne su dogara da ruwa mai tsada da aka bayar ta rijiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke samar da tankunan ruwa. Ingancin wannan ruwa yana da shakku saboda ana amfani da waɗannan tankuna don wasu dalilai ba tare da tsaftacewa ba. A cewar Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli, 15 daga cikin 23 na ruwa na birane sun samar da ruwa kowace rana tsakanin awanni 12 zuwa 24 a cikin 2007. Wadannan bayanan ba su bambanta tsakanin masu amfani da ci gaba da wadata da waɗanda ke da wadataccen nau'in "mai matsakaici" (fiye da awanni 12 na yau da kullun). Biranen 15 sun hada da Sana'a da Aden waɗanda ke samar da ruwa mai saurin lokaci. Sauran garuruwa huɗu sun samar da ruwa a kowace rana, amma ƙasa da awanni 12 a kowace rana. Birnin Ibb da garin [[Bajil]] suna samar da ruwa sau ɗaya kawai a mako. Kuma kayan aiki a Taiz da Mahwit sun samar da ruwa kasa da sau ɗaya a mako a cikin 2007. Koyaya, akwai yiwuwar rahotanni masu rikitarwa game da ci gaba da wadata. Misali, Ma'aikatar ta ba da rahoton cewa ana samar da ruwa a kowace rana a Amran a cikin 2007. Koyaya, 100% na masu amsawa ga binciken gida a cikin wannan garin a cikin 2008 sun nuna cewa suna karɓar ruwa sau ɗaya kawai a mako ko ma sau ɗaya a wata.&nbsp; === Farin cikin abokan ciniki === Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2008 a cikin garuruwa 7 88% na abokan ciniki na kayan aikin ruwa sun ce sun gamsu da matakin sabis na kayan aikin su na ruwa, kuma 9% ne kawai ba su gamsu ba. Ko da a cikin birnin Ibb, inda samar da ruwa ba ta da kyau, kashi 47% na abokan ciniki sun bayyana cewa sun gamsu. A garin Amran, inda halin da ake ciki ya yi kama da haka, har ma da kwastomomi - 74% - sun gamsu. Wataƙila kwastomomi sun saba da ingancin sabis mara kyau kuma sun rage tsammanin su. Kashi 77 cikin 100 na iyalai sun ce sun sha Ruwan famfo.<ref name="2008 Survey" /> == Manazarta == k3d0mx9g83kiy6epy13mst4xqn2j3nw 0 152496 840932 2026-05-28T06:15:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732443|Water supply in Sierra Leone]]" 840932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruwa a Saliyo''' ana nuna shi ta hanyar iyakancewar samun ruwan sha mai kyau. Duk da kokarin da gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka yi, damar ba ta inganta sosai ba tun bayan karshen yakin basasar Saliyo a shekara ta 2002, ta tsaya a kusan kashi 50% har ma da raguwa a yankunan karkara.<ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> A cikin babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]], bututun sau da yawa yana bushewa. Ana fatan cewa sabon madatsar ruwa a Orugu, wanda China ta ba da kuɗi a shekara ta 2009, zai rage karancin ruwa. Tare da sabon manufofin rarraba, wanda aka tsara a cikin Dokar Karamar Hukumar ta 2004, an ba da alhakin samar da ruwa a yankunan da ke wajen babban birnin daga gwamnatin tsakiya zuwa kananan hukumomi. A Freetown Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma Valley ya ci gaba da kula da samar da ruwa. Wani rahoto na 2005 ya ce cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa babbar matsala ce a bangaren. Ya ci gaba da cewa akwai rashin amincewa tsakanin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da kamfanin ruwa na jama'a Salwaco, wanda ke "tsayayya da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji". Wani yanke shawara da Salwaco ta yi amfani da famfo na hannu na Kardia na Jamus kawai ya kasance mai kawo rigima, tunda sun fi ninki biyu tsada kamar famfo na India Mark II wanda kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka fi so.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Tearfund]] and Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council |year=2005 |title=Making every drop count: Financing water, sanitation and hygiene in Sierra Leone |url=http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/Campaigning/Policy%20and%20research/MEDC_SierraLeonefinancing.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |pages=12–14}}</ref> == Samun dama == Dangane da lambobin da JMP ta fitar a cikin 2017, kashi 58% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun akalla ruwa na asali kuma kashi 15% na yawan jamaʼa suna da hanyar samun akalla tsabtace jiki. Koyaya, kimanta yawan mutanen da ke da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa aiki ne mai ƙalubale. Tunda ingancin ruwan sha yawanci ba a gwada shi akai-akai don samfurin wakiltar gidaje a duk faɗin ƙasar, babu wani abin dogaro da bayanai game da rabon ruwan sha wanda yake da aminci. Binciken gidaje na kasa yawanci yana yin tambayoyi game da nau'in tushen ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi. Haɗin gida, haɗin yadi, bututun ruwa da famfo na hannu waɗanda ke cikin kilomita 1 ana rarraba su a matsayin abin da ake kira [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Ruwan ruwa, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa marasa kariya, koguna, tabkuna da tafkuna ba a la'akari da ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba.&nbsp; A Saliyo, bisa ga binciken kasa (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2006, kashi 84% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 32% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Wadanda ke da damar shiga yankunan karkara an yi musu hidima kusan kawai ta hanyar rijiyoyin da aka kare. Kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara ba tare da samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba sun dogara da ruwa na sama (50%), rijiyoyin da ba a kare su ba (9%) da maɓuɓɓugar da ba a kiyaye su ba (9%).<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}</ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> 20% na yawan mutanen birane da 1% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun ruwan sha a cikin gidansu. Tun da ba a gudanar da binciken gidaje na kasa a kowace shekara ba, bayanan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan fiye da na 2006 ba su samuwa ba har zuwa Maris 2010. Idan aka kwatanta da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2000 ya karu a cikin birane, amma ya ragu a yankunan karkara, watakila saboda wuraren sun lalace saboda rashin kulawa.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba ya ba da alamar ko samar da ruwa yana ci gaba.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Misali, a cikin Freetown taps suna gudana bushewa a mafi yawan shekara a cikin 2009. Mutane suna tattara ruwa a cikin kwantena duk inda za su iya kuma waɗanda za su iya iya biyan shi suna shigar da tankunan ruwa a gidajensu. Ko da ƙungiyar kashe gobara ta yi amfani da motocinta don sayar da ruwan sha. Akwai fada tsakanin masu kashe gobara da ma'aikatan Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma, wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a Freetown, wani lokacin yana haifar da mutuwar. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == Saliyo tana da albarkatun ruwa masu yawa, gami da manyan koguna bakwai: [[Kogin Kolente|Kolenté]] (Great Scarcies), [[Kaba River|Kaba]], Rokel, Pampana (Jong), Sewa, [[Kogin Moa|Moa]], da Mano. Akwai albarkatun ruwa masu yawa. Koyaya, ruwa yana da ƙarancin ruwa a lokacin fari: kawai kashi 11-17 cikin dari na fitar da kogin shekara-shekara yana faruwa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu, tare da mafi ƙarancin fitarwa a watan Afrilu. [[Fayil:Freetown_SPOT_1094.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]] da aka gani ta hanyar tauraron dan adam.]] '''Misali na Freetown'''. Babban tushen ruwa mai bututu don Greater Freetown, wani birni na kimanin miliyan biyu, shine madatsar ruwa ta Guma da ke cikin Yammacin Yammacin Forest Reserve. Yana samar da lita miliyan 83 a rana yana shiga birnin daga Yamma inda yankunan da suka fi wadata suke. Sabuwar madatsar ruwa, madatsar ruwan Orugu, za ta samar da karin lita miliyan 75 a kowace rana a farkon lokacin da ta fara, ta shiga birnin daga Gabas inda yankunan da suka fi talauci suke. A cewar binciken da kamfanin Atkins da Oxfam suka yi, madatsar ruwan "ta kasance amsar matsalar samar da ruwa a Freetown". A shekara ta 2009 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta samar da rancen dala miliyan 28.8 don gina madatsar ruwan. == Tarihi == '''Tarihin kafin yaƙin'''. A farkon shekarun 1980 akwai tsarin ruwa na bututu 64 kawai da ke ba da sabis ga kusan mutane 30,000 daga cikin yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3.5. A yankunan karkara, inda kashi 78% na yawan jama'a ke zaune, samun damar samar da ruwa ya karu daga kashi 10% zuwa 45% kawai a cikin shekarun 1980, galibi ta hanyar shigar da famfo. Binciken hadin gwiwa da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da Bankin Duniya suka yi ya ba da shawarar gabatar da farfadowa da kuma kafa kamfanin ruwa na kasa. A sakamakon haka, an zartar da doka a cikin 1988 wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar farfadowa kuma ya kafa Kamfanin Ruwa na Saliyo (Salwaco). An gabatar da Farashin ruwa a cikin birane a matsayin farashi mai laushi, watau farashi wanda ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga amfani kuma ba tare da ma'auni ga abokan ciniki na zama ba. Sai kawai ga abokan ciniki na kasuwanci da cibiyoyin jama'a aka shigar da mita kuma an fara lissafin kuɗi, bisa ƙa'ida, don ya dogara da amfani. '''Yaƙin basasa (1991-2002) '''. Yaƙin basasar Saliyo - wanda ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1991, ya karu a 1996-98 kuma a ƙarshe ya ƙare a shekara ta 2002 - babban koma baya ne ga ƙasar. Fiye da mutane 50,000 ne aka kashe, da yawa sun lalace kuma mutane miliyan 2.5 sun zama 'yan gudun hijira a ciki ko a waje da kasar. [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 169uw1s5h3f1axnkzt6i2l6pl3fmgdc 840933 840932 2026-05-28T06:16:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 840933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa a Saliyo''' ana nuna shi ta hanyar iyakancewar samun ruwan sha mai kyau. Duk da kokarin da gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka yi, damar ba ta inganta sosai ba tun bayan karshen yakin basasar Saliyo a shekara ta 2002, ta tsaya a kusan kashi 50% har ma da raguwa a yankunan karkara.<ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> A cikin babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]], bututun sau da yawa yana bushewa. Ana fatan cewa sabon madatsar ruwa a Orugu, wanda China ta ba da kuɗi a shekara ta 2009, zai rage karancin ruwa. Tare da sabon manufofin rarraba, wanda aka tsara a cikin Dokar Karamar Hukumar ta 2004, an ba da alhakin samar da ruwa a yankunan da ke wajen babban birnin daga gwamnatin tsakiya zuwa kananan hukumomi. A Freetown Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma Valley ya ci gaba da kula da samar da ruwa. Wani rahoto na 2005 ya ce cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa babbar matsala ce a bangaren. Ya ci gaba da cewa akwai rashin amincewa tsakanin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da kamfanin ruwa na jama'a Salwaco, wanda ke "tsayayya da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji". Wani yanke shawara da Salwaco ta yi amfani da famfo na hannu na Kardia na Jamus kawai ya kasance mai kawo rigima, tunda sun fi ninki biyu tsada kamar famfo na India Mark II wanda kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka fi so.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Tearfund]] and Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council |year=2005 |title=Making every drop count: Financing water, sanitation and hygiene in Sierra Leone |url=http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/Campaigning/Policy%20and%20research/MEDC_SierraLeonefinancing.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |pages=12–14}}</ref> == Samun dama == Dangane da lambobin da JMP ta fitar a cikin 2017, kashi 58% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun akalla ruwa na asali kuma kashi 15% na yawan jamaʼa suna da hanyar samun akalla tsabtace jiki. Koyaya, kimanta yawan mutanen da ke da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa aiki ne mai ƙalubale. Tunda ingancin ruwan sha yawanci ba a gwada shi akai-akai don samfurin wakiltar gidaje a duk faɗin ƙasar, babu wani abin dogaro da bayanai game da rabon ruwan sha wanda yake da aminci. Binciken gidaje na kasa yawanci yana yin tambayoyi game da nau'in tushen ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi. Haɗin gida, haɗin yadi, bututun ruwa da famfo na hannu waɗanda ke cikin kilomita 1 ana rarraba su a matsayin abin da ake kira [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Ruwan ruwa, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa marasa kariya, koguna, tabkuna da tafkuna ba a la'akari da ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba.&nbsp; A Saliyo, bisa ga binciken kasa (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2006, kashi 84% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 32% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Wadanda ke da damar shiga yankunan karkara an yi musu hidima kusan kawai ta hanyar rijiyoyin da aka kare. Kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara ba tare da samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba sun dogara da ruwa na sama (50%), rijiyoyin da ba a kare su ba (9%) da maɓuɓɓugar da ba a kiyaye su ba (9%).<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}</ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> 20% na yawan mutanen birane da 1% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun ruwan sha a cikin gidansu. Tun da ba a gudanar da binciken gidaje na kasa a kowace shekara ba, bayanan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan fiye da na 2006 ba su samuwa ba har zuwa Maris 2010. Idan aka kwatanta da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2000 ya karu a cikin birane, amma ya ragu a yankunan karkara, watakila saboda wuraren sun lalace saboda rashin kulawa.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba ya ba da alamar ko samar da ruwa yana ci gaba.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Misali, a cikin Freetown taps suna gudana bushewa a mafi yawan shekara a cikin 2009. Mutane suna tattara ruwa a cikin kwantena duk inda za su iya kuma waɗanda za su iya iya biyan shi suna shigar da tankunan ruwa a gidajensu. Ko da ƙungiyar kashe gobara ta yi amfani da motocinta don sayar da ruwan sha. Akwai fada tsakanin masu kashe gobara da ma'aikatan Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma, wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a Freetown, wani lokacin yana haifar da mutuwar. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == Saliyo tana da albarkatun ruwa masu yawa, gami da manyan koguna bakwai: [[Kogin Kolente|Kolenté]] (Great Scarcies), [[Kaba River|Kaba]], Rokel, Pampana (Jong), Sewa, [[Kogin Moa|Moa]], da Mano. Akwai albarkatun ruwa masu yawa. Koyaya, ruwa yana da ƙarancin ruwa a lokacin fari: kawai kashi 11-17 cikin dari na fitar da kogin shekara-shekara yana faruwa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu, tare da mafi ƙarancin fitarwa a watan Afrilu. [[Fayil:Freetown_SPOT_1094.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]] da aka gani ta hanyar tauraron dan adam.]] '''Misali na Freetown'''. Babban tushen ruwa mai bututu don Greater Freetown, wani birni na kimanin miliyan biyu, shine madatsar ruwa ta Guma da ke cikin Yammacin Yammacin Forest Reserve. Yana samar da lita miliyan 83 a rana yana shiga birnin daga Yamma inda yankunan da suka fi wadata suke. Sabuwar madatsar ruwa, madatsar ruwan Orugu, za ta samar da karin lita miliyan 75 a kowace rana a farkon lokacin da ta fara, ta shiga birnin daga Gabas inda yankunan da suka fi talauci suke. A cewar binciken da kamfanin Atkins da Oxfam suka yi, madatsar ruwan "ta kasance amsar matsalar samar da ruwa a Freetown". A shekara ta 2009 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta samar da rancen dala miliyan 28.8 don gina madatsar ruwan. == Tarihi == '''Tarihin kafin yaƙin'''. A farkon shekarun 1980 akwai tsarin ruwa na bututu 64 kawai da ke ba da sabis ga kusan mutane 30,000 daga cikin yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3.5. A yankunan karkara, inda kashi 78% na yawan jama'a ke zaune, samun damar samar da ruwa ya karu daga kashi 10% zuwa 45% kawai a cikin shekarun 1980, galibi ta hanyar shigar da famfo. Binciken hadin gwiwa da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da Bankin Duniya suka yi ya ba da shawarar gabatar da farfadowa da kuma kafa kamfanin ruwa na kasa. A sakamakon haka, an zartar da doka a cikin 1988 wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar farfadowa kuma ya kafa Kamfanin Ruwa na Saliyo (Salwaco). An gabatar da Farashin ruwa a cikin birane a matsayin farashi mai laushi, watau farashi wanda ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga amfani kuma ba tare da ma'auni ga abokan ciniki na zama ba. Sai kawai ga abokan ciniki na kasuwanci da cibiyoyin jama'a aka shigar da mita kuma an fara lissafin kuɗi, bisa ƙa'ida, don ya dogara da amfani. '''Yaƙin basasa (1991-2002) '''. Yaƙin basasar Saliyo - wanda ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1991, ya karu a 1996-98 kuma a ƙarshe ya ƙare a shekara ta 2002 - babban koma baya ne ga ƙasar. Fiye da mutane 50,000 ne aka kashe, da yawa sun lalace kuma mutane miliyan 2.5 sun zama 'yan gudun hijira a ciki ko a waje da kasar. [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6wrjz65o5jtduca0bxdi4so77ojpvr8 840934 840933 2026-05-28T06:16:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 840934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruwa a Saliyo''' ana nuna shi ta hanyar iyakancewar samun ruwan sha mai kyau. Duk da kokarin da gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka yi, damar ba ta inganta sosai ba tun bayan karshen yakin basasar Saliyo a shekara ta 2002, ta tsaya a kusan kashi 50% har ma da raguwa a yankunan karkara.<ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> A cikin babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]], bututun sau da yawa yana bushewa. Ana fatan cewa sabon madatsar ruwa a Orugu, wanda China ta ba da kuɗi a shekara ta 2009, zai rage karancin ruwa. Tare da sabon manufofin rarraba, wanda aka tsara a cikin Dokar Karamar Hukumar ta 2004, an ba da alhakin samar da ruwa a yankunan da ke wajen babban birnin daga gwamnatin tsakiya zuwa kananan hukumomi. A Freetown Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma Valley ya ci gaba da kula da samar da ruwa. Wani rahoto na 2005 ya ce cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa babbar matsala ce a bangaren. Ya ci gaba da cewa akwai rashin amincewa tsakanin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da kamfanin ruwa na jama'a Salwaco, wanda ke "tsayayya da kungiyoyi masu ba da agaji". Wani yanke shawara da Salwaco ta yi amfani da famfo na hannu na Kardia na Jamus kawai ya kasance mai kawo rigima, tunda sun fi ninki biyu tsada kamar famfo na India Mark II wanda kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa suka fi so.<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Tearfund]] and Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council |year=2005 |title=Making every drop count: Financing water, sanitation and hygiene in Sierra Leone |url=http://tilz.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/Campaigning/Policy%20and%20research/MEDC_SierraLeonefinancing.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |pages=12–14}}</ref> == Samun dama == Dangane da lambobin da JMP ta fitar a cikin 2017, kashi 58% na yawan jama'a suna da damar samun akalla ruwa na asali kuma kashi 15% na yawan jamaʼa suna da hanyar samun akalla tsabtace jiki. Koyaya, kimanta yawan mutanen da ke da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci a cikin ƙasa mai tasowa aiki ne mai ƙalubale. Tunda ingancin ruwan sha yawanci ba a gwada shi akai-akai don samfurin wakiltar gidaje a duk faɗin ƙasar, babu wani abin dogaro da bayanai game da rabon ruwan sha wanda yake da aminci. Binciken gidaje na kasa yawanci yana yin tambayoyi game da nau'in tushen ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi. Haɗin gida, haɗin yadi, bututun ruwa da famfo na hannu waɗanda ke cikin kilomita 1 ana rarraba su a matsayin abin da ake kira [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Ruwan ruwa, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa marasa kariya, koguna, tabkuna da tafkuna ba a la'akari da ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba.&nbsp; A Saliyo, bisa ga binciken kasa (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2006, kashi 84% na yawan mutanen birane da kashi 32% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun [[ingantaccen tushen ruwa]]. Wadanda ke da damar shiga yankunan karkara an yi musu hidima kusan kawai ta hanyar rijiyoyin da aka kare. Kashi 68% na yawan mutanen karkara ba tare da samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba sun dogara da ruwa na sama (50%), rijiyoyin da ba a kare su ba (9%) da maɓuɓɓugar da ba a kiyaye su ba (9%).<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}</ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}</ref> 20% na yawan mutanen birane da 1% na yawan mutanen karkara suna da damar samun ruwan sha a cikin gidansu. Tun da ba a gudanar da binciken gidaje na kasa a kowace shekara ba, bayanan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan fiye da na 2006 ba su samuwa ba har zuwa Maris 2010. Idan aka kwatanta da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2000 ya karu a cikin birane, amma ya ragu a yankunan karkara, watakila saboda wuraren sun lalace saboda rashin kulawa.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Samun damar ingantaccen tushen ruwa ba ya ba da alamar ko samar da ruwa yana ci gaba.<ref name="Pushak">{{Cite web |last=Nataliya Pushak |last2=Vivien Foster |date=June 2011 |title=Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf |access-date=6 August 2011 |website=Policy Research Working Paper 571 |publisher=World Bank |pages=31–35}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNataliya_PushakVivien_Foster2011">Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/06/29/000158349_20110629104032/Rendered/PDF/WPS5713.pdf "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Policy Research Working Paper 571''. World Bank. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">31–</span>35<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="JMP water">{{Cite web |date=March 2010 |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]. March 2010. Archived from [https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 December 2011.</cite></ref> Misali, a cikin Freetown taps suna gudana bushewa a mafi yawan shekara a cikin 2009. Mutane suna tattara ruwa a cikin kwantena duk inda za su iya kuma waɗanda za su iya iya biyan shi suna shigar da tankunan ruwa a gidajensu. Ko da ƙungiyar kashe gobara ta yi amfani da motocinta don sayar da ruwan sha. Akwai fada tsakanin masu kashe gobara da ma'aikatan Kamfanin Ruwa na Guma, wanda ke da alhakin samar da ruwa a Freetown, wani lokacin yana haifar da mutuwar. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == Saliyo tana da albarkatun ruwa masu yawa, gami da manyan koguna bakwai: [[Kogin Kolente|Kolenté]] (Great Scarcies), [[Kaba River|Kaba]], Rokel, Pampana (Jong), Sewa, [[Kogin Moa|Moa]], da Mano. Akwai albarkatun ruwa masu yawa. Koyaya, ruwa yana da ƙarancin ruwa a lokacin fari: kawai kashi 11-17 cikin dari na fitar da kogin shekara-shekara yana faruwa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu, tare da mafi ƙarancin fitarwa a watan Afrilu. [[Fayil:Freetown_SPOT_1094.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Babban [[Freetown|Birnin Freetown]] da aka gani ta hanyar tauraron dan adam.]] '''Misali na Freetown'''. Babban tushen ruwa mai bututu don Greater Freetown, wani birni na kimanin miliyan biyu, shine madatsar ruwa ta Guma da ke cikin Yammacin Yammacin Forest Reserve. Yana samar da lita miliyan 83 a rana yana shiga birnin daga Yamma inda yankunan da suka fi wadata suke. Sabuwar madatsar ruwa, madatsar ruwan Orugu, za ta samar da karin lita miliyan 75 a kowace rana a farkon lokacin da ta fara, ta shiga birnin daga Gabas inda yankunan da suka fi talauci suke. A cewar binciken da kamfanin Atkins da Oxfam suka yi, madatsar ruwan "ta kasance amsar matsalar samar da ruwa a Freetown". A shekara ta 2009 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta samar da rancen dala miliyan 28.8 don gina madatsar ruwan. == Tarihi == '''Tarihin kafin yaƙin'''. A farkon shekarun 1980 akwai tsarin ruwa na bututu 64 kawai da ke ba da sabis ga kusan mutane 30,000 daga cikin yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3.5. A yankunan karkara, inda kashi 78% na yawan jama'a ke zaune, samun damar samar da ruwa ya karu daga kashi 10% zuwa 45% kawai a cikin shekarun 1980, galibi ta hanyar shigar da famfo. Binciken hadin gwiwa da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da Bankin Duniya suka yi ya ba da shawarar gabatar da farfadowa da kuma kafa kamfanin ruwa na kasa. A sakamakon haka, an zartar da doka a cikin 1988 wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar farfadowa kuma ya kafa Kamfanin Ruwa na Saliyo (Salwaco). An gabatar da Farashin ruwa a cikin birane a matsayin farashi mai laushi, watau farashi wanda ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga amfani kuma ba tare da ma'auni ga abokan ciniki na zama ba. Sai kawai ga abokan ciniki na kasuwanci da cibiyoyin jama'a aka shigar da mita kuma an fara lissafin kuɗi, bisa ƙa'ida, don ya dogara da amfani. '''Yaƙin basasa (1991-2002) '''. Yaƙin basasar Saliyo - wanda ya ɓarke a shekara ta 1991, ya karu a 1996-98 kuma a ƙarshe ya ƙare a shekara ta 2002 - babban koma baya ne ga ƙasar. Fiye da mutane 50,000 ne aka kashe, da yawa sun lalace kuma mutane miliyan 2.5 sun zama 'yan gudun hijira a ciki ko a waje da kasar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] acfua5kmf7cr4uxb28jlg9qkkf8dnta 0 152497 840935 2026-05-28T06:18:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301602899|List of countries by access to improved sanitation facilities]]" 840935 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan jerin ƙasashe ne ta hanyar samun damar ingantaccen wuraren tsabtace muhalli, wanda ya haɗa da samun damar zuwa bayan gida da ruwan sha mai aminci. == Hanyoyi == Adadin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan ginshiƙi sun dogara ne akan bayanan da Bankin Duniya ya tattara kuma ya ɗora su a watan Mayu 2013 ta hanyar shirin su na World Development Indicators. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.SMSS.ZS |access-date=2021-11-26 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Gwamnatocin kasashe da aka lissafa ne suka ba da bayanin. Kamar yadda ba a tattara adadi da aka tattara tare da wannan hanyar ba kuma tare da matakai daban-daban na tsauraran ra'ayi, akwai iyakoki a cikin amincinsu wajen samar da kwatance-kwatance. Tsabtace-tsabtace kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta bayyana: {{Blockquote|"Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained."}} [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta bayyana cewa ingantaccen wuraren tsabtace muhalli "yana tabbatar da rabuwa da tsabtace datti daga hulɗar mutum".<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNICEF WCARO - Overview &#124; Aperçu - Access to water and sanitation: A few definitions |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/overview_2570.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227032102/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/overview_2570.html |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2014-05-22}}</ref> Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] sun bayyana ingantaccen tsabtace mujallar kamar haka: bayan gida, haɗin kai zuwa tsarin bututu, haɗi zuwa Tsarin septic, zubar da ruwa / zubar da shi zuwa bayan gida, bayan gida mai inganci (VIP), bayan gida tare da slab, bayan gida da aka kwantar da / ko wasu lokuta na musamman.<ref>WHO and UNICEF {{Cite web |title=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme: Wat/San categories |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003014620/http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/ |archive-date=2015-10-03 |access-date=2015-10-13}}, ibid.</ref> Bankin Duniya ya ce: <ref>{{Cite web |title=People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) &#124; Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.ACSN}}</ref> {{Blockquote|"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.}} == Kasashe == Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yawan mutanen da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan tsabtace muhalli, bisa ga bayanan Bankin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.BASS.ZS |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers col1left" style="text-align:right" ! data-sort-type="number" |Country !2000 !2005 !2010 !2015 !2020 |- |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |22 |27 |35 |43 |50 |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |89 |92 |95 |98 |99 |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} |84 |86 |87 |87 |86 |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |65 |65 |63 |57 |54 |- |{{Flag|Andorra}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Angola}} |28 |35 |41 |47 |52 |- |{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |82 |84 |86 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Argentina}} |87 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} |87 |89 |91 |93 |94 |- |{{Flag|Aruba}} |98 |98 |98 |98 | |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |62 |72 |85 |96 | |- |{{Flag|Bahamas}} |88 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |24 |31 |39 |47 |54 |- |{{Flag|Barbados}} |89 |91 |94 |96 |98 |- |{{Flag|Belarus}} |92 |93 |95 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Belize}} |82 |84 |86 |87 |88 |- |{{Flag|Benin}} |9 |11 |13 |15 |17 |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |47 |55 |63 |70 |77 |- |{{Flag|Bolivia}} |35 |40 |48 |57 |66 |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |95 |95 |95 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Botswana}} |52 |59 |67 |75 |80 |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} |73 |78 |82 |86 |90 |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |97 |97 |97 |97 | |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |86 |86 |86 |86 |86 |- |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |11 |14 |17 |20 |22 |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |45 |46 |46 |46 |46 |- |{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |40 |50 |61 |70 |79 |- |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |10 |23 |38 |53 |69 |- |{{Flag|Cameroon}} |38 |39 |41 |43 |45 |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |100 |100 |100 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} | |84 |84 |84 | |- |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |21 |20 |18 |16 |14 |- |{{Flag|Chad}} |10 |10 |10 |11 |12 |- |{{Flag|Chile}} |92 |95 |97 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|China}} |57 |66 |76 |84 |92 |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} |75 |80 |84 |89 |94 |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |29 |33 |34 |36 | |- |{{Flag|Congo}} |12 |14 |16 |19 |20 |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |94 |95 |96 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |21 |23 |27 |31 |35 |- |{{Flag|Croatia}} |96 |96 |96 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|Cuba}} |88 |88 |89 |90 |91 |- |{{Flag|Curaçao}} |98 |98 |99 |99 | |- |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |100 |100 |100 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Djibouti}} |47 |48 |55 |61 |67 |- |{{Flag|Dominica}} |64 |70 |77 |80 | |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |77 |80 |82 |85 |87 |- |{{Flag|DR Congo}} |24 |22 |20 |17 |15 |- |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |69 |74 |80 |86 |92 |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} |91 |93 |94 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} |83 |84 |83 |83 |82 |- |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |55 |60 |64 |66 | |- |{{Flag|Eritrea}} |8 |10 |11 |12 | |- |{{Flag|Estonia}} |100 |100 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Eswatini}} |48 |52 |56 |61 |64 |- |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |3 |4 |6 |7 |9 |- |{{Flag|Fiji}} |80 |83 |89 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|France}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |98 |98 |98 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Gabon}} |34 |39 |44 |49 |50 |- |{{Flag|Gambia}} |51 |46 |46 |46 |47 |- |{{Flag|Georgia}} |91 |89 |88 |87 |86 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} |7 |11 |15 |19 |24 |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Greece}} |98 |98 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Grenada}} |90 |91 |92 |91 | |- |{{Flag|Guam}} |89 |89 |90 |90 | |- |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |62 |64 |65 |67 |68 |- |{{Flag|Guinea}} |9 |13 |18 |24 |30 |- |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |5 |8 |11 |14 |18 |- |{{Flag|Guyana}} |79 |81 |83 |85 |86 |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |17 |22 |27 |33 |37 |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |63 |69 |74 |79 |84 |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} |97 |97 |97 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|India}} |14 |28 |43 |58 |73 |- |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |38 |49 |61 |74 |86 |- |{{Flag|Iran}} |78 |82 |85 |88 |90 |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |70 |74 |83 |93 |100 |- |{{Flag|Ireland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Italy}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |83 |84 |85 |86 |87 |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |99 |98 |98 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |97 |97 |97 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Kenya}} |31 |31 |32 |32 |33 |- |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |32 |37 |41 |43 |46 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |92 |93 |95 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Laos}} |28 |43 |56 |70 |79 |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} |88 |89 |90 |92 |92 |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |77 |81 |87 |94 |99 |- |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |8 |20 |30 |41 |50 |- |{{Flag|Liberia}} |13 |15 |16 |17 |18 |- |{{Flag|Libya}} |90 |91 |91 |92 |92 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |95 |98 |98 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Macau}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |4 |6 |8 |10 |12 |- |{{Flag|Malawi}} |21 |22 |24 |25 |27 |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |97 |98 |99 |100 | |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |75 |82 |88 |94 |99 |- |{{Flag|Mali}} |16 |22 |29 |37 |45 |- |{{Flag|Malta}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} | |80 |82 |83 |84 |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} |17 |23 |32 |43 |50 |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |90 |92 |94 |96 | |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |77 |81 |85 |89 |92 |- |{{Flag|Micronesia}} |25 |46 |67 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Moldova}} |74 |75 |75 |76 |79 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |45 |50 |56 |62 |68 |- |{{Flag|Montenegro}} | | |93 |96 |98 |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} |68 |73 |78 |83 |87 |- |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |9 |15 |22 |29 |37 |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |63 |66 |69 |71 |74 |- |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 |30 |32 |34 |35 |- |{{Flag|Nauru}} |66 |66 |66 |66 | |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} |14 |27 |42 |59 |77 |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |57 |62 |67 |72 |73 |- |{{Flag|Niger}} |5 |8 |10 |13 |15 |- |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |29 |31 |34 |38 |43 |- |{{Flag|North Korea}} | |75 |78 |82 |85 |- |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |89 |89 |92 |95 |98 |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |75 |76 |77 |78 |79 |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |89 |92 |96 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |31 |40 |50 |58 |67 |- |{{Flag|Palau}} |91 |94 |97 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |62 |67 |73 |79 |85 |- |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |18 |18 |19 |19 |19 |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |70 |77 |82 |88 |93 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |63 |68 |71 |75 |79 |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} |61 |63 |69 |75 |82 |- |{{Flag|Poland}} |89 |92 |95 |99 |94 |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} |97 |98 |99 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |98 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Qatar}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Romania}} | |75 |79 |83 |87 |- |{{Flag|Russia}} |84 |86 |87 |88 |89 |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |45 |52 |58 |64 |69 |- |{{Flag|Samoa}} |94 |95 |95 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |20 |27 |34 |41 |48 |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} |98 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} |37 |42 |47 |52 |57 |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} |95 |96 |97 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Seychelles}} |94 |96 |98 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |10 |12 |13 |15 |17 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sint Maarten}} |98 |99 |99 |99 | |- |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |100 |99 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |Small states |61 |63 |68 |71 |72 |- |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}} |20 |22 |27 |32 |35 |- |{{Flag|Somalia}} |20 |24 |29 |34 |39 |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} |59 |64 |69 |74 |78 |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|South Sudan}} | | | |11 |16 |- |{{Flag|Spain}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |77 |81 |86 |91 |100 |- |{{Flag|St. Kitts and Nevis}} |86 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|St. Lucia}} |85 |85 |84 |83 |83 |- |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |99 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|St. Vincent and the Grenadines}} |71 |77 |83 |87 | |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} |21 |22 |28 |35 |37 |- |{{Flag|Suriname}} |78 |80 |83 |86 |90 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |90 |91 |91 |90 |90 |- |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |90 |92 |93 |95 |97 |- |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |5 |12 |19 |26 |32 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |92 |94 |95 |97 |99 |- |{{Flag|Timor-Leste}} | |40 |46 |51 |57 |- |{{Flag|Togo}} |10 |11 |13 |16 |19 |- |{{Flag|Tonga}} |89 |90 |93 |93 |93 |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |90 |91 |93 |94 |94 |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |77 |82 |87 |92 |97 |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |87 |90 |93 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |93 |94 |95 |97 |99 |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |81 |83 |86 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} | |80 |83 |84 | |- |{{Flag|Uganda}} |17 |18 |18 |19 |20 |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |94 |95 |96 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} | |97 |98 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|United States}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |93 |94 |95 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |93 |96 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |56 |56 |55 |53 |53 |- |{{Flag|Venezuela}} | |93 |94 |95 |96 |- |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |52 |62 |71 |81 |89 |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|West Bank and Gaza}} |90 |91 |94 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |45 |48 |50 |52 |54 |- |{{Flag|Zambia}} |22 |25 |27 |30 |32 |- |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |45 |44 |41 |38 |35 |} 64bveb3whe4b7kbzhdfznuesydgrha1 840936 840935 2026-05-28T06:18:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 840936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin ƙasashe ne ta hanyar samun damar ingantaccen wuraren tsabtace muhalli, wanda ya haɗa da samun damar zuwa bayan gida da ruwan sha mai aminci. == Hanyoyi == Adadin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan ginshiƙi sun dogara ne akan bayanan da Bankin Duniya ya tattara kuma ya ɗora su a watan Mayu 2013 ta hanyar shirin su na World Development Indicators. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.SMSS.ZS |access-date=2021-11-26 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Gwamnatocin kasashe da aka lissafa ne suka ba da bayanin. Kamar yadda ba a tattara adadi da aka tattara tare da wannan hanyar ba kuma tare da matakai daban-daban na tsauraran ra'ayi, akwai iyakoki a cikin amincinsu wajen samar da kwatance-kwatance. Tsabtace-tsabtace kamar yadda [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta bayyana: {{Blockquote|"Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained."}} [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta bayyana cewa ingantaccen wuraren tsabtace muhalli "yana tabbatar da rabuwa da tsabtace datti daga hulɗar mutum".<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNICEF WCARO - Overview &#124; Aperçu - Access to water and sanitation: A few definitions |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/overview_2570.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227032102/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/overview_2570.html |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2014-05-22}}</ref> Shirin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa don samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] sun bayyana ingantaccen tsabtace mujallar kamar haka: bayan gida, haɗin kai zuwa tsarin bututu, haɗi zuwa Tsarin septic, zubar da ruwa / zubar da shi zuwa bayan gida, bayan gida mai inganci (VIP), bayan gida tare da slab, bayan gida da aka kwantar da / ko wasu lokuta na musamman.<ref>WHO and UNICEF {{Cite web |title=WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme: Wat/San categories |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003014620/http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan-categories/ |archive-date=2015-10-03 |access-date=2015-10-13}}, ibid.</ref> Bankin Duniya ya ce: <ref>{{Cite web |title=People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) &#124; Data |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.ACSN}}</ref> {{Blockquote|"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.}} == Kasashe == Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yawan mutanen da ke amfani da akalla ayyukan tsabtace muhalli, bisa ga bayanan Bankin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.BASS.ZS |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers col1left" style="text-align:right" ! data-sort-type="number" |Country !2000 !2005 !2010 !2015 !2020 |- |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |22 |27 |35 |43 |50 |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |89 |92 |95 |98 |99 |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} |84 |86 |87 |87 |86 |- |{{Flag|American Samoa}} |65 |65 |63 |57 |54 |- |{{Flag|Andorra}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Angola}} |28 |35 |41 |47 |52 |- |{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |82 |84 |86 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Argentina}} |87 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} |87 |89 |91 |93 |94 |- |{{Flag|Aruba}} |98 |98 |98 |98 | |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Austria}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |62 |72 |85 |96 | |- |{{Flag|Bahamas}} |88 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Bahrain}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |24 |31 |39 |47 |54 |- |{{Flag|Barbados}} |89 |91 |94 |96 |98 |- |{{Flag|Belarus}} |92 |93 |95 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Belize}} |82 |84 |86 |87 |88 |- |{{Flag|Benin}} |9 |11 |13 |15 |17 |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Bhutan}} |47 |55 |63 |70 |77 |- |{{Flag|Bolivia}} |35 |40 |48 |57 |66 |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |95 |95 |95 |95 | |- |{{Flag|Botswana}} |52 |59 |67 |75 |80 |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} |73 |78 |82 |86 |90 |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |97 |97 |97 |97 | |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |86 |86 |86 |86 |86 |- |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |11 |14 |17 |20 |22 |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |45 |46 |46 |46 |46 |- |{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |40 |50 |61 |70 |79 |- |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |10 |23 |38 |53 |69 |- |{{Flag|Cameroon}} |38 |39 |41 |43 |45 |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |100 |100 |100 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} | |84 |84 |84 | |- |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |21 |20 |18 |16 |14 |- |{{Flag|Chad}} |10 |10 |10 |11 |12 |- |{{Flag|Chile}} |92 |95 |97 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|China}} |57 |66 |76 |84 |92 |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} |75 |80 |84 |89 |94 |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |29 |33 |34 |36 | |- |{{Flag|Congo}} |12 |14 |16 |19 |20 |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |94 |95 |96 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |21 |23 |27 |31 |35 |- |{{Flag|Croatia}} |96 |96 |96 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|Cuba}} |88 |88 |89 |90 |91 |- |{{Flag|Curaçao}} |98 |98 |99 |99 | |- |{{Flag|Cyprus}} |100 |100 |100 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Djibouti}} |47 |48 |55 |61 |67 |- |{{Flag|Dominica}} |64 |70 |77 |80 | |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |77 |80 |82 |85 |87 |- |{{Flag|DR Congo}} |24 |22 |20 |17 |15 |- |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |69 |74 |80 |86 |92 |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} |91 |93 |94 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} |83 |84 |83 |83 |82 |- |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |55 |60 |64 |66 | |- |{{Flag|Eritrea}} |8 |10 |11 |12 | |- |{{Flag|Estonia}} |100 |100 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Eswatini}} |48 |52 |56 |61 |64 |- |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |3 |4 |6 |7 |9 |- |{{Flag|Fiji}} |80 |83 |89 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|France}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|French Polynesia}} |98 |98 |98 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Gabon}} |34 |39 |44 |49 |50 |- |{{Flag|Gambia}} |51 |46 |46 |46 |47 |- |{{Flag|Georgia}} |91 |89 |88 |87 |86 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} |7 |11 |15 |19 |24 |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Greece}} |98 |98 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Greenland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Grenada}} |90 |91 |92 |91 | |- |{{Flag|Guam}} |89 |89 |90 |90 | |- |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |62 |64 |65 |67 |68 |- |{{Flag|Guinea}} |9 |13 |18 |24 |30 |- |{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |5 |8 |11 |14 |18 |- |{{Flag|Guyana}} |79 |81 |83 |85 |86 |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |17 |22 |27 |33 |37 |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |63 |69 |74 |79 |84 |- |{{Flag|Hong Kong}} |97 |97 |97 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|India}} |14 |28 |43 |58 |73 |- |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |38 |49 |61 |74 |86 |- |{{Flag|Iran}} |78 |82 |85 |88 |90 |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |70 |74 |83 |93 |100 |- |{{Flag|Ireland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Israel}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Italy}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |83 |84 |85 |86 |87 |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |99 |98 |98 |97 |97 |- |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |97 |97 |97 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Kenya}} |31 |31 |32 |32 |33 |- |{{Flag|Kiribati}} |32 |37 |41 |43 |46 |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |92 |93 |95 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Laos}} |28 |43 |56 |70 |79 |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} |88 |89 |90 |92 |92 |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |77 |81 |87 |94 |99 |- |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |8 |20 |30 |41 |50 |- |{{Flag|Liberia}} |13 |15 |16 |17 |18 |- |{{Flag|Libya}} |90 |91 |91 |92 |92 |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |95 |98 |98 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Macau}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |4 |6 |8 |10 |12 |- |{{Flag|Malawi}} |21 |22 |24 |25 |27 |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |97 |98 |99 |100 | |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |75 |82 |88 |94 |99 |- |{{Flag|Mali}} |16 |22 |29 |37 |45 |- |{{Flag|Malta}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} | |80 |82 |83 |84 |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} |17 |23 |32 |43 |50 |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |90 |92 |94 |96 | |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |77 |81 |85 |89 |92 |- |{{Flag|Micronesia}} |25 |46 |67 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Moldova}} |74 |75 |75 |76 |79 |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |45 |50 |56 |62 |68 |- |{{Flag|Montenegro}} | | |93 |96 |98 |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} |68 |73 |78 |83 |87 |- |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |9 |15 |22 |29 |37 |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |63 |66 |69 |71 |74 |- |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 |30 |32 |34 |35 |- |{{Flag|Nauru}} |66 |66 |66 |66 | |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} |14 |27 |42 |59 |77 |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|New Caledonia}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |57 |62 |67 |72 |73 |- |{{Flag|Niger}} |5 |8 |10 |13 |15 |- |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |29 |31 |34 |38 |43 |- |{{Flag|North Korea}} | |75 |78 |82 |85 |- |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} |89 |89 |92 |95 |98 |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |75 |76 |77 |78 |79 |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |89 |92 |96 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |31 |40 |50 |58 |67 |- |{{Flag|Palau}} |91 |94 |97 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |62 |67 |73 |79 |85 |- |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |18 |18 |19 |19 |19 |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |70 |77 |82 |88 |93 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |63 |68 |71 |75 |79 |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} |61 |63 |69 |75 |82 |- |{{Flag|Poland}} |89 |92 |95 |99 |94 |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} |97 |98 |99 |99 |100 |- |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}} |98 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Qatar}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Romania}} | |75 |79 |83 |87 |- |{{Flag|Russia}} |84 |86 |87 |88 |89 |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |45 |52 |58 |64 |69 |- |{{Flag|Samoa}} |94 |95 |95 |96 |97 |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |20 |27 |34 |41 |48 |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} |98 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} |37 |42 |47 |52 |57 |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} |95 |96 |97 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Seychelles}} |94 |96 |98 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |10 |12 |13 |15 |17 |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sint Maarten}} |98 |99 |99 |99 | |- |{{Flag|Slovakia}} |100 |99 |98 |98 |98 |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |98 |98 |98 |98 |98 |- |Small states |61 |63 |68 |71 |72 |- |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}} |20 |22 |27 |32 |35 |- |{{Flag|Somalia}} |20 |24 |29 |34 |39 |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} |59 |64 |69 |74 |78 |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|South Sudan}} | | | |11 |16 |- |{{Flag|Spain}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |77 |81 |86 |91 |100 |- |{{Flag|St. Kitts and Nevis}} |86 |90 |93 |95 | |- |{{Flag|St. Lucia}} |85 |85 |84 |83 |83 |- |{{Flag|Saint Martin}} |99 |99 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|St. Vincent and the Grenadines}} |71 |77 |83 |87 | |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} |21 |22 |28 |35 |37 |- |{{Flag|Suriname}} |78 |80 |83 |86 |90 |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |90 |91 |91 |90 |90 |- |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |90 |92 |93 |95 |97 |- |{{Flag|Tanzania}} |5 |12 |19 |26 |32 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |92 |94 |95 |97 |99 |- |{{Flag|Timor-Leste}} | |40 |46 |51 |57 |- |{{Flag|Togo}} |10 |11 |13 |16 |19 |- |{{Flag|Tonga}} |89 |90 |93 |93 |93 |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |90 |91 |93 |94 |94 |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |77 |82 |87 |92 |97 |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |87 |90 |93 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |93 |94 |95 |97 |99 |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |81 |83 |86 |88 | |- |{{Flag|Tuvalu}} | |80 |83 |84 | |- |{{Flag|Uganda}} |17 |18 |18 |19 |20 |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |94 |95 |96 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} | |97 |98 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|United States}} |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |93 |94 |95 |97 |98 |- |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |93 |96 |99 |100 |100 |- |{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |56 |56 |55 |53 |53 |- |{{Flag|Venezuela}} | |93 |94 |95 |96 |- |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |52 |62 |71 |81 |89 |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |99 |99 |99 |99 |99 |- |{{Flag|West Bank and Gaza}} |90 |91 |94 |96 |99 |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |45 |48 |50 |52 |54 |- |{{Flag|Zambia}} |22 |25 |27 |30 |32 |- |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |45 |44 |41 |38 |35 |} n2ls59myokyimyimx8n5j4x3kqrpz3u 0 152498 840937 2026-05-28T06:19:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1260066173|Lake Burullus]]" 840937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Burullus''' ( Arabic ; Ancient Greek ) wani tafki ne mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin Kogin Nilu a [[Misra|Masar]], sunan ya fito ne daga garin Burullus ( Coptic , <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pauline Todry |title=21- أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية |trans-title=The names of some Egyptian countries in Coptic -21 |url=https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html |website=St-Takla.org |language=arabic}}</ref> daga tsohuwar Girkanci {{Lang|grc|παράλιος}}, " ''bakin teku, bakin teku'' " ko ⲛⲓⲕⲉϫⲱⲩ ''Nikejow'' ). Tana cikin gundumar Kafr el-Sheikh gabas da [[Rosetta]], tana da iyaka da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] a arewa da ƙasar noma a kudu.<ref> Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency:Egypt State of the Environment Report 2007, Chapter on Biodiversity, 2008, accessed on November 8, 2009</ref> == Tarihi == A farkon zamanin Islama, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Burullus tana kusa da bakin tafkin (wurin da aka haɗa shi da teku ta hanyar karamin buɗewa). Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Burullus ta yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin wuraren tsaro na iyakar Tekun Nilu. Wani tsibirin tsibirin da ke cikin tafkin da ake kira Nastaru ya ba da sunansa ga tafkin gaba ɗaya. Hanyoyin ruwa sun haɗa tafkin zuwa reshen Rosetta na [[Kogi|kogin]] Nilu. A wannan lokacin tafkin yana girma da fadadawa zuwa kudu sakamakon canje-canje a cikin kwararar kogi da raguwar substrate. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Escapism.webm|left|thumb|Ƙananan tsibirin a Tafkin Burullus]] Tafkin ya rabu da teku ta hanyar yanki na ƙasa kusan a fadin. An haɗa shi da Bahar Rum ta hanyar Burullus, tashar da ke da faɗin {{Convert|250|m}} da zurfin 5 ft). Akwai kusan tsibirai 50 a cikin tafkin tare da jimlar yanki na {{Convert|0.7|km2}} km2 sq mi). Yankin arewacin tafkin ya samo asali ne daga tafkin gishiri da laka, yayin da kudancin yafi zama gadaje. Babban tsire-tsire na tafkin shine ''Potamogeton.'' == Ilimin ruwa == Tafkin yana samun ruwan magudanar ruwa daga ƙasar noma da ke kewaye da shi da kuma ruwan sha mai tsafta daga magudanar ruwan Brembal. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin tafki da dausayi mai mahimmanci ga tsuntsaye a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar . Ruwan magudanar ruwa na noma ya kai kashi 97% na jimillar kwararar ruwa zuwa tafkin (mita biliyan ^3.9 a kowace shekara), sai ruwan sama (2%) da ruwan ƙasa (1%). Kashi 16% na ruwan tafkin yana ƙafewa kuma kashi 84% yana kwarara zuwa teku. == Dabbobi na daji == [[Fayil:Fishermen_Buddies.webm|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Burullus]] A cewar Rahoton Biodiversity na Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Masar nau'ikan kifi 33, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 23, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 112, da nau'ikan masu shayarwa 18 suna zaune a ciki da kewayen tafkin. Nau'in kifi sun ragu daga 52 da aka rubuta a farkon karni na 20, galibi saboda shigowar ruwan noma a cikin tafkin wanda ya haifar da ƙananan gishiri. == Manazarta == eq3fp10sdlvdwyiz855c98lnib346uc 840938 840937 2026-05-28T06:19:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 840938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Burullus''' ( Arabic ; Ancient Greek ) wani tafki ne mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin Kogin Nilu a [[Misra|Masar]], sunan ya fito ne daga garin Burullus ( Coptic , <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pauline Todry |title=21- أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية |trans-title=The names of some Egyptian countries in Coptic -21 |url=https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html |website=St-Takla.org |language=arabic}}</ref> daga tsohuwar Girkanci {{Lang|grc|παράλιος}}, " ''bakin teku, bakin teku'' " ko ⲛⲓⲕⲉϫⲱⲩ ''Nikejow'' ). Tana cikin gundumar Kafr el-Sheikh gabas da [[Rosetta]], tana da iyaka da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] a arewa da ƙasar noma a kudu.<ref> Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency:Egypt State of the Environment Report 2007, Chapter on Biodiversity, 2008, accessed on November 8, 2009</ref> == Tarihi == A farkon zamanin Islama, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Burullus tana kusa da bakin tafkin (wurin da aka haɗa shi da teku ta hanyar karamin buɗewa). Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Burullus ta yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin wuraren tsaro na iyakar Tekun Nilu. Wani tsibirin tsibirin da ke cikin tafkin da ake kira Nastaru ya ba da sunansa ga tafkin gaba ɗaya. Hanyoyin ruwa sun haɗa tafkin zuwa reshen Rosetta na [[Kogi|kogin]] Nilu. A wannan lokacin tafkin yana girma da fadadawa zuwa kudu sakamakon canje-canje a cikin kwararar kogi da raguwar substrate. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Escapism.webm|left|thumb|Ƙananan tsibirin a Tafkin Burullus]] Tafkin ya rabu da teku ta hanyar yanki na ƙasa kusan a fadin. An haɗa shi da Bahar Rum ta hanyar Burullus, tashar da ke da faɗin {{Convert|250|m}} da zurfin 5 ft). Akwai kusan tsibirai 50 a cikin tafkin tare da jimlar yanki na {{Convert|0.7|km2}} km2 sq mi). Yankin arewacin tafkin ya samo asali ne daga tafkin gishiri da laka, yayin da kudancin yafi zama gadaje. Babban tsire-tsire na tafkin shine ''Potamogeton.'' == Ilimin ruwa == Tafkin yana samun ruwan magudanar ruwa daga ƙasar noma da ke kewaye da shi da kuma ruwan sha mai tsafta daga magudanar ruwan Brembal. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin tafki da dausayi mai mahimmanci ga tsuntsaye a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar . Ruwan magudanar ruwa na noma ya kai kashi 97% na jimillar kwararar ruwa zuwa tafkin (mita biliyan ^3.9 a kowace shekara), sai ruwan sama (2%) da ruwan ƙasa (1%). Kashi 16% na ruwan tafkin yana ƙafewa kuma kashi 84% yana kwarara zuwa teku. == Dabbobi na daji == [[Fayil:Fishermen_Buddies.webm|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Burullus]] A cewar Rahoton Biodiversity na Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Masar nau'ikan kifi 33, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 23, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 112, da nau'ikan masu shayarwa 18 suna zaune a ciki da kewayen tafkin. Nau'in kifi sun ragu daga 52 da aka rubuta a farkon karni na 20, galibi saboda shigowar ruwan noma a cikin tafkin wanda ya haifar da ƙananan gishiri. == Manazarta == skwz7wxcsd633zuuwqqsnrwnreg42x1 0 152499 840939 2026-05-28T06:20:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354609756|Great Bitter Lake]]" 840939 wikitext text/x-wiki Babban Tafkin Bitter (Arabic) babban Tafkin ruwan gishiri ne a [[Misra|Misira]] wanda yake wani ɓangare na [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] . Kafin a gina tashar a 1869, Babban Tafkin Bitter ya kasance kwarin gishiri ko kwandon ruwa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> An yi nassoshi ga Babban Tafkin Bitter a cikin Tsohon Littattafan Pyramid. Tashar ta haɗa Babban Tafkin Bitter zuwa Bahar Rum da [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]]. Har ila yau, tashar ta haɗa shi da Ƙananan Tafkin Bitter (Arabic; transliterated: al-Buhayrah al-Murra as-Sughra). Jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya ta hanyar Suez Canal suna amfani da Great Bitter Lake a matsayin "hanyar wucewa", inda za su iya wucewa wasu jiragen ruwa ko juyawa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> == Magana == Sunayen [[Turanci]] na Zamani da [[Larabci]] fassara ne na sunan Girkanci ( Ancient Greek). An kuma san shi a Latin da "tafkin matattu" ( Latin . ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=TM Places |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/detail.php?tm=5002 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> Sunan [[Tsohuwar Masar|Masar na da da]] na yankin Bitter Lakes shine ''km-wr'', wanda aka kunna. "babban baƙar fata". == Gishiri == salinity na tafkin ya bambanta tare da zurfinsa kuma ya fi girma a kasa inda ruwa ke hulɗa da ajiyar gishiri da ta riga ta kasance, wanda ke raguwa akai-akai saboda rushewa - don haka ci gaba da kara zurfin tafkin - tun lokacin da tashar ta fara aiki a 1869.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref> Salinity yana ƙarƙashin bambancin yanayi sakamakon sake zagayowar evaporation na shekara-shekara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A farkon karni na 20, an auna mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar a matsayin 4.5% da 5.4%, bi da bi, tare da matsakaitan gishiri na 4.9% (''watau'' 49 g na gishiri a kowace kilogram na ruwan tafkin). <ref name=":3" />&nbsp; Lokacin da aka rufe Suez Canal na tsawon shekaru takwas, wanda ya fara a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a 1967, gishirin tafkin ya karu sosai. A cikin 2017 mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar an auna a 4.1% da 4.5%, tare da matsakaitan kusa da 4.1% . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Don kwatanta, ruwan teku yana da matsakaicin 3.5%, yayin da Tekun Gishiri ke kusa da 34%. Salinity na tafkin ya dogara da yawan ruwan teku da ke gudana a ciki daga Red da Bahar Rum. Ko da lokacin da tashar ta bude, a wasu wurare Babban Tafkin Bitter na iya samun matakin salinity "fiye da sau biyu" matakin teku. Duk da yake wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala ga rayuwar shuke-shuke su kasance a can, nau'o'i da yawa (na crabs, alal misali) suna ƙaura daga Bahar Maliya ta hanyar yankin. Kamar yadda tashar ba ta da makullin, Ruwa teku yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Gabaɗaya, arewacin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana juyawa a yanayi, yana zuwa arewa a cikin hunturu da kudu a lokacin rani. Kudancin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana da ruwa, yana juyawa tare da ruwa a cikin Bahar Maliya. Kifi da crabs na iya yin ƙaura, gabaɗaya a arewacin arewa, ta hanyar tashar ruwa da tabkuna a cikin abin da aka sani da ƙaura na Lessepsian, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan Bahar Maliya suka zo su mallaki gabashin Bahar Rum. === Gastropods da bivalves na Babban Bitter Lake === Gastropods guda talatin da daya <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gastropoda |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/gastropoda.php}}</ref> (tebur 1) da nau'in nau'in bivalve 19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bivalvia |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/bivalvia.php}}</ref> (tebur 2) an rubuta su a cikin tafkin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}</ref> Gastropods ''Pusillina radiata'' da ''Cyclope neritea'', da bivalves ''Cerastoderma glauca'' da ''[[Tapes decussatus]]'' sune kawai nau'in anti-Lessepsian waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga Bahar Rum. Tsakanin bazara na ² da hunturu na ², an sami nau'o'i daban-daban 41 na phyla huɗu, daga cikinsu akwai nau'o-nau'in molluscan 12. Daga cikin dukkan phyla, molluscs sun rubuta mafi girman yawa, tare da rikodin mutane 90,632 a kowace m2, saboda yawan ''[[Modiolus oriculatus]]'' (75,052 mutane a kowace m2 a kowace shekara). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Molluscs da ƙarfe masu nauyi === Babban tafkin Bitter Lake yafi kunshe da laka da yashi (yawanci carbonate), <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHoffmanDekker2006">Hoffman, Leon; Dekker, Henk (2006). "Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta". ''Gloria Mairs''. '''45''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>45.</cite></ref> wanda zai iya danganta da manyan ayyukan hako da ke faruwa a cikin Suez Canal don fadada shi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙasa ba ta da kyau saboda yanayin tafkin da ya lalace tare da tarin gurɓataccen abu da ke fitowa daga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da ke faruwa a cikin tafkin. Yanayin tafkin, duk da haka, ya canza ruwan tafkin zuwa ajiyar ƙarfe mai nauyi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Mahmoud A. |last2=Belal |first2=Aisha A. |last3=Madkour |first3=Amany G. |date=December 2018 |title=The differential abilities of some molluscs to accumulate heavy metals within their shells in the Timsah and the Great Bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=291–298 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.008 |issn=1687-4285 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙayyade kasancewar ƙarfe mai nauyi a kasan tafkin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban bangare na gurɓataccen ƙarfe ya samo asali ne daga Yawan jama'a, Masana'antu, datti, wuraren zubar da ruwa, zubar da mai, sunadarai na noma, da sauransu.<ref name=":2" /> Da zarar waɗannan ƙarfe masu nauyi sun haɗu tare da turɓaya da ke cikin ƙasar tafkin, suna aiki a matsayin jagora ga gurɓataccen gida, suna amsa tambayoyin inda, ta yaya, da kuma lokacin da taron gurɓata ya faru. Ana rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi a kan yankin tafkin. Hanyoyin daban-daban na waɗannan karafa sun kasance a yankuna 11 na tafkin; shida sun kasance a bakin teku a zurfin 2-3 m, kuma biyar sun kasance a waje a zurfin 12-15 m.<ref name=":1" />&nbsp;&nbsp; Molluscs sune masu nuna gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin jikin ruwa saboda ikon su na sha ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi ya bazu a duk faɗin tafkin a zurfi daban-daban a cikin ruwa da kuma turɓaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Kowace tashar tana yin rikodin wani matakin don ƙarfe mai nauyi da ke cikin kewayenta. Kowane nau'in sinadarai ya kai mafi girma (ko mafi ƙasƙanci) a wani wuri a cikin tafkin kuma kowannensu a wurare daban-daban. A gefe ɗaya, rarrabawar ta nuna cewa gurɓataccen ba wai kawai ya fi mayar da hankali a wani yanki na tafkin ba, har ma da cewa ya bazu sosai; a gefe ɗaya, ya nuna cewa nau'in molluscan a cikin tafkin ba duk suna fuskantar adadi ɗaya ko nau'in ƙarfe mai nauyi ba. Sakamakon haka, nau'in molluscan suna tara nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke a cikin tafkin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kimanta yawan guba daban-daban a cikin ruwan tafkin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] thdkyq984szg95ac2yqec1squazyqtx 840940 840939 2026-05-28T06:21:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 840940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babban Tafkin Bitter (Arabic) babban Tafkin ruwan gishiri ne a [[Misra|Misira]] wanda yake wani ɓangare na [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] . Kafin a gina tashar a 1869, Babban Tafkin Bitter ya kasance kwarin gishiri ko kwandon ruwa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> An yi nassoshi ga Babban Tafkin Bitter a cikin Tsohon Littattafan Pyramid. Tashar ta haɗa Babban Tafkin Bitter zuwa Bahar Rum da [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]]. Har ila yau, tashar ta haɗa shi da Ƙananan Tafkin Bitter (Arabic; transliterated: al-Buhayrah al-Murra as-Sughra). Jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya ta hanyar Suez Canal suna amfani da Great Bitter Lake a matsayin "hanyar wucewa", inda za su iya wucewa wasu jiragen ruwa ko juyawa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> == Magana == Sunayen [[Turanci]] na Zamani da [[Larabci]] fassara ne na sunan Girkanci ( Ancient Greek). An kuma san shi a Latin da "tafkin matattu" ( Latin . ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=TM Places |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/detail.php?tm=5002 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> Sunan [[Tsohuwar Masar|Masar na da da]] na yankin Bitter Lakes shine ''km-wr'', wanda aka kunna. "babban baƙar fata". == Gishiri == salinity na tafkin ya bambanta tare da zurfinsa kuma ya fi girma a kasa inda ruwa ke hulɗa da ajiyar gishiri da ta riga ta kasance, wanda ke raguwa akai-akai saboda rushewa - don haka ci gaba da kara zurfin tafkin - tun lokacin da tashar ta fara aiki a 1869.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref> Salinity yana ƙarƙashin bambancin yanayi sakamakon sake zagayowar evaporation na shekara-shekara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A farkon karni na 20, an auna mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar a matsayin 4.5% da 5.4%, bi da bi, tare da matsakaitan gishiri na 4.9% (''watau'' 49 g na gishiri a kowace kilogram na ruwan tafkin). <ref name=":3" />&nbsp; Lokacin da aka rufe Suez Canal na tsawon shekaru takwas, wanda ya fara a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a 1967, gishirin tafkin ya karu sosai. A cikin 2017 mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar an auna a 4.1% da 4.5%, tare da matsakaitan kusa da 4.1% . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Don kwatanta, ruwan teku yana da matsakaicin 3.5%, yayin da Tekun Gishiri ke kusa da 34%. Salinity na tafkin ya dogara da yawan ruwan teku da ke gudana a ciki daga Red da Bahar Rum. Ko da lokacin da tashar ta bude, a wasu wurare Babban Tafkin Bitter na iya samun matakin salinity "fiye da sau biyu" matakin teku. Duk da yake wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala ga rayuwar shuke-shuke su kasance a can, nau'o'i da yawa (na crabs, alal misali) suna ƙaura daga Bahar Maliya ta hanyar yankin. Kamar yadda tashar ba ta da makullin, Ruwa teku yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Gabaɗaya, arewacin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana juyawa a yanayi, yana zuwa arewa a cikin hunturu da kudu a lokacin rani. Kudancin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana da ruwa, yana juyawa tare da ruwa a cikin Bahar Maliya. Kifi da crabs na iya yin ƙaura, gabaɗaya a arewacin arewa, ta hanyar tashar ruwa da tabkuna a cikin abin da aka sani da ƙaura na Lessepsian, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan Bahar Maliya suka zo su mallaki gabashin Bahar Rum. === Gastropods da bivalves na Babban Bitter Lake === Gastropods guda talatin da daya <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gastropoda |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/gastropoda.php}}</ref> (tebur 1) da nau'in nau'in bivalve 19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bivalvia |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/bivalvia.php}}</ref> (tebur 2) an rubuta su a cikin tafkin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}</ref> Gastropods ''Pusillina radiata'' da ''Cyclope neritea'', da bivalves ''Cerastoderma glauca'' da ''[[Tapes decussatus]]'' sune kawai nau'in anti-Lessepsian waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga Bahar Rum. Tsakanin bazara na ² da hunturu na ², an sami nau'o'i daban-daban 41 na phyla huɗu, daga cikinsu akwai nau'o-nau'in molluscan 12. Daga cikin dukkan phyla, molluscs sun rubuta mafi girman yawa, tare da rikodin mutane 90,632 a kowace m2, saboda yawan ''[[Modiolus oriculatus]]'' (75,052 mutane a kowace m2 a kowace shekara). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Molluscs da ƙarfe masu nauyi === Babban tafkin Bitter Lake yafi kunshe da laka da yashi (yawanci carbonate), <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHoffmanDekker2006">Hoffman, Leon; Dekker, Henk (2006). "Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta". ''Gloria Mairs''. '''45''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>45.</cite></ref> wanda zai iya danganta da manyan ayyukan hako da ke faruwa a cikin Suez Canal don fadada shi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙasa ba ta da kyau saboda yanayin tafkin da ya lalace tare da tarin gurɓataccen abu da ke fitowa daga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da ke faruwa a cikin tafkin. Yanayin tafkin, duk da haka, ya canza ruwan tafkin zuwa ajiyar ƙarfe mai nauyi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Mahmoud A. |last2=Belal |first2=Aisha A. |last3=Madkour |first3=Amany G. |date=December 2018 |title=The differential abilities of some molluscs to accumulate heavy metals within their shells in the Timsah and the Great Bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=291–298 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.008 |issn=1687-4285 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙayyade kasancewar ƙarfe mai nauyi a kasan tafkin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban bangare na gurɓataccen ƙarfe ya samo asali ne daga Yawan jama'a, Masana'antu, datti, wuraren zubar da ruwa, zubar da mai, sunadarai na noma, da sauransu.<ref name=":2" /> Da zarar waɗannan ƙarfe masu nauyi sun haɗu tare da turɓaya da ke cikin ƙasar tafkin, suna aiki a matsayin jagora ga gurɓataccen gida, suna amsa tambayoyin inda, ta yaya, da kuma lokacin da taron gurɓata ya faru. Ana rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi a kan yankin tafkin. Hanyoyin daban-daban na waɗannan karafa sun kasance a yankuna 11 na tafkin; shida sun kasance a bakin teku a zurfin 2-3 m, kuma biyar sun kasance a waje a zurfin 12-15 m.<ref name=":1" />&nbsp;&nbsp; Molluscs sune masu nuna gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin jikin ruwa saboda ikon su na sha ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi ya bazu a duk faɗin tafkin a zurfi daban-daban a cikin ruwa da kuma turɓaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Kowace tashar tana yin rikodin wani matakin don ƙarfe mai nauyi da ke cikin kewayenta. Kowane nau'in sinadarai ya kai mafi girma (ko mafi ƙasƙanci) a wani wuri a cikin tafkin kuma kowannensu a wurare daban-daban. A gefe ɗaya, rarrabawar ta nuna cewa gurɓataccen ba wai kawai ya fi mayar da hankali a wani yanki na tafkin ba, har ma da cewa ya bazu sosai; a gefe ɗaya, ya nuna cewa nau'in molluscan a cikin tafkin ba duk suna fuskantar adadi ɗaya ko nau'in ƙarfe mai nauyi ba. Sakamakon haka, nau'in molluscan suna tara nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke a cikin tafkin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kimanta yawan guba daban-daban a cikin ruwan tafkin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j04h4bzzk6r69br0zc4846x2qwtzhw9 840941 840940 2026-05-28T06:21:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babban Tafkin Bitter''' (Arabic) babban Tafkin ruwan gishiri ne a [[Misra|Misira]] wanda yake wani ɓangare na [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] . Kafin a gina tashar a 1869, Babban Tafkin Bitter ya kasance kwarin gishiri ko kwandon ruwa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> An yi nassoshi ga Babban Tafkin Bitter a cikin Tsohon Littattafan Pyramid. Tashar ta haɗa Babban Tafkin Bitter zuwa Bahar Rum da [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]]. Har ila yau, tashar ta haɗa shi da Ƙananan Tafkin Bitter (Arabic; transliterated: al-Buhayrah al-Murra as-Sughra). Jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya ta hanyar Suez Canal suna amfani da Great Bitter Lake a matsayin "hanyar wucewa", inda za su iya wucewa wasu jiragen ruwa ko juyawa.<ref name="PassingLane">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2009 |title=Great Bitter Lake, Egypt (Oct. 26, 2009) |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182056/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40884 |archive-date=19 November 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016 |website=Earth Observatory NASA}}</ref> == Magana == Sunayen [[Turanci]] na Zamani da [[Larabci]] fassara ne na sunan Girkanci ( Ancient Greek). An kuma san shi a Latin da "tafkin matattu" ( Latin . ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=TM Places |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/geo/detail.php?tm=5002 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> Sunan [[Tsohuwar Masar|Masar na da da]] na yankin Bitter Lakes shine ''km-wr'', wanda aka kunna. "babban baƙar fata". == Gishiri == salinity na tafkin ya bambanta tare da zurfinsa kuma ya fi girma a kasa inda ruwa ke hulɗa da ajiyar gishiri da ta riga ta kasance, wanda ke raguwa akai-akai saboda rushewa - don haka ci gaba da kara zurfin tafkin - tun lokacin da tashar ta fara aiki a 1869.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref> Salinity yana ƙarƙashin bambancin yanayi sakamakon sake zagayowar evaporation na shekara-shekara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wüst |first=Georg |date=1935 |title=Salinity and Water Movement in the Suez Canal |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/download/27997/1882520753 |journal=International Hydrographic Review |volume=XII |issue=1 |pages=137–141}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A farkon karni na 20, an auna mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar a matsayin 4.5% da 5.4%, bi da bi, tare da matsakaitan gishiri na 4.9% (''watau'' 49 g na gishiri a kowace kilogram na ruwan tafkin). <ref name=":3" />&nbsp; Lokacin da aka rufe Suez Canal na tsawon shekaru takwas, wanda ya fara a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a 1967, gishirin tafkin ya karu sosai. A cikin 2017 mafi ƙarancin da matsakaicin ƙimar an auna a 4.1% da 4.5%, tare da matsakaitan kusa da 4.1% . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serehy |first=Hamed A. |last2=Abdallah |first2=Hala S. |last3=Al-Misned |first3=Fahad A. |last4=Irshad |first4=Rizwan |last5=Al-Farraj |first5=Saleh A. |last6=Almalki |first6=Esam S. |date=2018 |title=Aquatic ecosystem health and trophic status classification of the Bitter Lakes along the main connecting link between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean |journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=204–212 |doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.12.004 |issn=1319-562X |pmc=5816010 |pmid=29472766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Don kwatanta, ruwan teku yana da matsakaicin 3.5%, yayin da Tekun Gishiri ke kusa da 34%. Salinity na tafkin ya dogara da yawan ruwan teku da ke gudana a ciki daga Red da Bahar Rum. Ko da lokacin da tashar ta bude, a wasu wurare Babban Tafkin Bitter na iya samun matakin salinity "fiye da sau biyu" matakin teku. Duk da yake wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala ga rayuwar shuke-shuke su kasance a can, nau'o'i da yawa (na crabs, alal misali) suna ƙaura daga Bahar Maliya ta hanyar yankin. Kamar yadda tashar ba ta da makullin, Ruwa teku yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Gabaɗaya, arewacin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana juyawa a yanayi, yana zuwa arewa a cikin hunturu da kudu a lokacin rani. Kudancin tabkuna, halin yanzu yana da ruwa, yana juyawa tare da ruwa a cikin Bahar Maliya. Kifi da crabs na iya yin ƙaura, gabaɗaya a arewacin arewa, ta hanyar tashar ruwa da tabkuna a cikin abin da aka sani da ƙaura na Lessepsian, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan Bahar Maliya suka zo su mallaki gabashin Bahar Rum. === Gastropods da bivalves na Babban Bitter Lake === Gastropods guda talatin da daya <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gastropoda |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/gastropoda.php}}</ref> (tebur 1) da nau'in nau'in bivalve 19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bivalvia |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/bivalvia.php}}</ref> (tebur 2) an rubuta su a cikin tafkin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}</ref> Gastropods ''Pusillina radiata'' da ''Cyclope neritea'', da bivalves ''Cerastoderma glauca'' da ''[[Tapes decussatus]]'' sune kawai nau'in anti-Lessepsian waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga Bahar Rum. Tsakanin bazara na ² da hunturu na ², an sami nau'o'i daban-daban 41 na phyla huɗu, daga cikinsu akwai nau'o-nau'in molluscan 12. Daga cikin dukkan phyla, molluscs sun rubuta mafi girman yawa, tare da rikodin mutane 90,632 a kowace m2, saboda yawan ''[[Modiolus oriculatus]]'' (75,052 mutane a kowace m2 a kowace shekara). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Molluscs da ƙarfe masu nauyi === Babban tafkin Bitter Lake yafi kunshe da laka da yashi (yawanci carbonate), <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Leon |last2=Dekker |first2=Henk |year=2006 |title=Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta |journal=Gloria Mairs |volume=45 |issue=1–2 |pages=30–45}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHoffmanDekker2006">Hoffman, Leon; Dekker, Henk (2006). "Marine Mollusca collected during a journey to the Great Bitter Lake (Suez Canal) and Nile Delta". ''Gloria Mairs''. '''45''' (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>45.</cite></ref> wanda zai iya danganta da manyan ayyukan hako da ke faruwa a cikin Suez Canal don fadada shi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙasa ba ta da kyau saboda yanayin tafkin da ya lalace tare da tarin gurɓataccen abu da ke fitowa daga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa da ke faruwa a cikin tafkin. Yanayin tafkin, duk da haka, ya canza ruwan tafkin zuwa ajiyar ƙarfe mai nauyi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Dar |first=Mahmoud A. |last2=Belal |first2=Aisha A. |last3=Madkour |first3=Amany G. |date=December 2018 |title=The differential abilities of some molluscs to accumulate heavy metals within their shells in the Timsah and the Great Bitter lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=291–298 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.008 |issn=1687-4285 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙayyade kasancewar ƙarfe mai nauyi a kasan tafkin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban bangare na gurɓataccen ƙarfe ya samo asali ne daga Yawan jama'a, Masana'antu, datti, wuraren zubar da ruwa, zubar da mai, sunadarai na noma, da sauransu.<ref name=":2" /> Da zarar waɗannan ƙarfe masu nauyi sun haɗu tare da turɓaya da ke cikin ƙasar tafkin, suna aiki a matsayin jagora ga gurɓataccen gida, suna amsa tambayoyin inda, ta yaya, da kuma lokacin da taron gurɓata ya faru. Ana rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi a kan yankin tafkin. Hanyoyin daban-daban na waɗannan karafa sun kasance a yankuna 11 na tafkin; shida sun kasance a bakin teku a zurfin 2-3 m, kuma biyar sun kasance a waje a zurfin 12-15 m.<ref name=":1" />&nbsp;&nbsp; Molluscs sune masu nuna gurɓataccen ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikin jikin ruwa saboda ikon su na sha ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Rarraba ƙarfe masu nauyi ya bazu a duk faɗin tafkin a zurfi daban-daban a cikin ruwa da kuma turɓaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Belal |first=Aisha Ahmad M. |last2=Dar |first2=Mahmoud A. |year=2020 |title=Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBelalDar2020">Belal, Aisha Ahmad M.; Dar, Mahmoud A. (2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|"Distribution and biodiversity of macro-benthic fauna in relation to some heavy metals at the Great Bitter Lakes, Suez Canal, Egypt"]]. ''The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research''. '''46''' (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>56. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005|10.1016/j.ejar.2020.02.005]]</span>.</cite></ref> Kowace tashar tana yin rikodin wani matakin don ƙarfe mai nauyi da ke cikin kewayenta. Kowane nau'in sinadarai ya kai mafi girma (ko mafi ƙasƙanci) a wani wuri a cikin tafkin kuma kowannensu a wurare daban-daban. A gefe ɗaya, rarrabawar ta nuna cewa gurɓataccen ba wai kawai ya fi mayar da hankali a wani yanki na tafkin ba, har ma da cewa ya bazu sosai; a gefe ɗaya, ya nuna cewa nau'in molluscan a cikin tafkin ba duk suna fuskantar adadi ɗaya ko nau'in ƙarfe mai nauyi ba. Sakamakon haka, nau'in molluscan suna tara nau'ikan ƙarfe masu nauyi daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke a cikin tafkin, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don kimanta yawan guba daban-daban a cikin ruwan tafkin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gxrbgbfh2ht6pe1rftpycqhc952zqyg 0 152500 840942 2026-05-28T06:21:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255973194|Lake Idku]]" 840942 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Lake Idku''' ( Arabic ) ɗaya ne daga cikin tafkuna a Masar . Yankin ruwanta mai tsafta yana da {{Convert|62.78|km2}} kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tafkin yana yammacin birnin Edku.<ref> الرصد البيئي للبحيرات المصرية" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2020</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna na Masar == Manazarta == 3k5oh4kykxe87sgzzmqp3if7q2h0o4c 840943 840942 2026-05-28T06:22:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 840943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Idku''' ( Arabic ) ɗaya ne daga cikin tafkuna a Masar . Yankin ruwanta mai tsafta yana da {{Convert|62.78|km2}} kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tafkin yana yammacin birnin Edku.<ref> الرصد البيئي للبحيرات المصرية" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2020</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna na Masar == Manazarta == mjy97ifo9fklmx1ia9r85r1a59kkn2e 0 152501 840944 2026-05-28T06:24:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262699362|Lake El Rayan]]" 840944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin El Rayan''' tafki ne da ke cikin Wadi El Rayan Protected Area a [[Misra|Misira]] . Ya mamaye yanki na murabba'in kilomita 52.9 kuma ya ƙunshi tabkuna biyu da aka haɗa da yankin ruwa. Tafkin muhimmiyar tushe ce ta albarkatun kifi.<ref>Official website of Fayoum Governorate Archived October 17, 2008, at Wayback Machine.</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:WadiRaiyanSouthernWaterfall.jpg|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a El Rayan]] Tafkin El Rayan yana cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin Gwamnatin [[Faiyum|Fayoum]], wanda ke cikin Yammacin Yamma. Tana da nisan kilomita 25 zuwa kudancin birnin. An fara aikin Wadi El Rayan ne a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1968, biyo bayan karuwar matakin ruwa na Tafkin Qarun, wanda ya haifar da barazana ga ababen more rayuwa da aka gina a kusa da shi. An tsara wannan ababen more rayuwa don zama tafki don ruwan noma a Fayoum. An kammala aikin ne a watan Janairun 1973, tare da canja wurin farko na ruwan noma. Aikin ya kunshi gina tashar mai tsawon kilomita 5.9 wanda ya kai daga gefen lardin zuwa iyakar hamada. Wannan ya biyo bayan kafa wani canjin da aka rufe wanda ke auna kilomita 5 a tsawon da mita 3 a faɗin Buqayrat Plateau, wanda a ƙarshe ya zubar cikin tafkin. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mita cubic miliyan 200 na ruwan noma yana shiga cikin Rayan depressions a kowace shekara. Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu: tafkin sama tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 50.90, gishiri na kusan gram 5.1 a kowace lita, da matsakaicin zurfin mita 22; da kuma tafkin ƙasa tare da yanki mai hekta 6,200. Tafkunan biyu suna haɗuwa da yankin magudanan ruwa, inda matakin ruwa ya kai mita 20. Wannan yankin sananne ne saboda yawan kifi. == Masana'antar kamun kifi == Ruwa na Rayan depressions an rarraba su a matsayin rabin sabo, tare da mafi yawan samar da kifi wanda ya ƙunshi kifin Nilu. Koyaya, ana jigilar iyalan Mullet da bass zuwa tabkuna a matsayin fry daga yankunan bakin teku na Masar. Babban nau'in kifi da aka lura a cikin El-Rayan depressions sun hada da mullet, farin tilapia, Zander, da carp bass. Akwai cibiyoyin tattara kifi guda biyar a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan, uku daga cikinsu suna cikin ɓacin rai na farko kuma biyu a cikin na uku. Lokacin kamun kifi a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan yana da kimanin kwanaki 200 a tsawon lokaci. An kiyasta cewa samar da yanayi na Rayan wetlands kusan 1,100 zuwa 1,200 ton na kifi. Yankin yana da masana'antar kankara mai amfani da hasken rana a Wadi El Rayan, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar sel na photovoltaic. Wannan masana'antar tana aiki ne kawai a lokacin kamun kifi a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan kuma tana aiki da aikin sayar da kifi a lardin, da kuma ƙungiyoyin Rayan da Qarun. == Yawon shakatawa == Baya ga aikinta a matsayin hanyar zubar da ruwan sharar gida, Tafkin El Rayan, wanda ke cikin kwarin da ke kewaye da magudanan ruwa, yana wakiltar sanannen wurin yawon bude ido. Bugu da ƙari, bambancin halittu na yankin, wanda aka kwatanta da kasancewar dabbobin daji masu ban sha'awa a Dutsen Rayan. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna na Masar * Wadi El Rayan * [[Faiyum]] == Manazarta == 3atalnkeleowi8hhh86f0i6zw2ajus2 840945 840944 2026-05-28T06:24:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 840945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin El Rayan''' tafki ne da ke cikin Wadi El Rayan Protected Area a [[Misra|Misira]] . Ya mamaye yanki na murabba'in kilomita 52.9 kuma ya ƙunshi tabkuna biyu da aka haɗa da yankin ruwa. Tafkin muhimmiyar tushe ce ta albarkatun kifi.<ref>Official website of Fayoum Governorate Archived October 17, 2008, at Wayback Machine.</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:WadiRaiyanSouthernWaterfall.jpg|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a El Rayan]] Tafkin El Rayan yana cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin Gwamnatin [[Faiyum|Fayoum]], wanda ke cikin Yammacin Yamma. Tana da nisan kilomita 25 zuwa kudancin birnin. An fara aikin Wadi El Rayan ne a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1968, biyo bayan karuwar matakin ruwa na Tafkin Qarun, wanda ya haifar da barazana ga ababen more rayuwa da aka gina a kusa da shi. An tsara wannan ababen more rayuwa don zama tafki don ruwan noma a Fayoum. An kammala aikin ne a watan Janairun 1973, tare da canja wurin farko na ruwan noma. Aikin ya kunshi gina tashar mai tsawon kilomita 5.9 wanda ya kai daga gefen lardin zuwa iyakar hamada. Wannan ya biyo bayan kafa wani canjin da aka rufe wanda ke auna kilomita 5 a tsawon da mita 3 a faɗin Buqayrat Plateau, wanda a ƙarshe ya zubar cikin tafkin. An kiyasta cewa kimanin mita cubic miliyan 200 na ruwan noma yana shiga cikin Rayan depressions a kowace shekara. Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu: tafkin sama tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 50.90, gishiri na kusan gram 5.1 a kowace lita, da matsakaicin zurfin mita 22; da kuma tafkin ƙasa tare da yanki mai hekta 6,200. Tafkunan biyu suna haɗuwa da yankin magudanan ruwa, inda matakin ruwa ya kai mita 20. Wannan yankin sananne ne saboda yawan kifi. == Masana'antar kamun kifi == Ruwa na Rayan depressions an rarraba su a matsayin rabin sabo, tare da mafi yawan samar da kifi wanda ya ƙunshi kifin Nilu. Koyaya, ana jigilar iyalan Mullet da bass zuwa tabkuna a matsayin fry daga yankunan bakin teku na Masar. Babban nau'in kifi da aka lura a cikin El-Rayan depressions sun hada da mullet, farin tilapia, Zander, da carp bass. Akwai cibiyoyin tattara kifi guda biyar a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan, uku daga cikinsu suna cikin ɓacin rai na farko kuma biyu a cikin na uku. Lokacin kamun kifi a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan yana da kimanin kwanaki 200 a tsawon lokaci. An kiyasta cewa samar da yanayi na Rayan wetlands kusan 1,100 zuwa 1,200 ton na kifi. Yankin yana da masana'antar kankara mai amfani da hasken rana a Wadi El Rayan, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar sel na photovoltaic. Wannan masana'antar tana aiki ne kawai a lokacin kamun kifi a cikin wuraren da ke cikin Rayan kuma tana aiki da aikin sayar da kifi a lardin, da kuma ƙungiyoyin Rayan da Qarun. == Yawon shakatawa == Baya ga aikinta a matsayin hanyar zubar da ruwan sharar gida, Tafkin El Rayan, wanda ke cikin kwarin da ke kewaye da magudanan ruwa, yana wakiltar sanannen wurin yawon bude ido. Bugu da ƙari, bambancin halittu na yankin, wanda aka kwatanta da kasancewar dabbobin daji masu ban sha'awa a Dutsen Rayan. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna na Masar * Wadi El Rayan * [[Faiyum]] == Manazarta == 5yyb6mzfyvqq9o5r50zohpguin5q7zp 0 152502 840946 2026-05-28T06:25:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302314260|Lake Manzala]]" 840946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Manzala''' ({{Convert|47|km}}), wanda kuma '''Manzaleh''', tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi, wani lokacin ana kiransa lagoon, a arewa maso gabashin Masar a kan Kogin Nilu kusa da Port Said da kuma 'yan mil daga tsoffin rushewar Tanis . Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin tabkuna na arewacin Masar.<ref name="ZAHRAN" /> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2008 yana da tsawon (29 da faɗin kilomita {{Convert|30|km}} (19 mi). == Magana == Sunan tafkin ya samo asali ne daga Larabci: نزل, , lit. ', tsaya, zauna.' A tsakiyar zamanai an kuma san shi da '''pi-Manjōili''' (Coptic), an fassara shi zuwa Girkanci a matsayin '''Xenedokhou''' (Girkanci na dā), don haka ya sa sunan Larabci na zamani fassarar Coptic, inda kamanceceniya ce kawai ta dace.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=60}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Manzala yana da tsawo amma ba shi da zurfi. Kodayake zurfin tafkin Manzala ba a canza shi ba kawai ƙafa huɗu zuwa biyar (1.2 zuwa 1.5 , an yi canje-canje ga zurfin yayin gina Suez Canal don ba da damar Canal ya faɗaɗa kilomita 29 (47 a tsawon tafkin. Gidansa yumbu ne mai laushi. Kafin gina Suez Canal, Tafkin Manzala ya rabu da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] ta hanyar yashi 200 zuwa 300 yadudduka (180 zuwa 270 m) a fadin. An kafa Port Said kusa da Tafkin Manzala a cikin karni na sha tara don tallafawa ginin tashar ruwa da tafiye-tafiye masu alaƙa. Yanayin tafkin kai tsaye a kudancin Filin jirgin saman Port Said ya ƙuntata ikon birni don girma. == Suez Canal == Tafkin Manzala shine mafi arewacin tabkuna uku na halitta da [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] ya haɗu, sauran biyu sune Tafkin Timsah da Babban Tafkin Bitter. Ginin tashar ya ci gaba daga arewa zuwa kudu, ya kai Manzala da farko. Saboda rashin zurfin tafkin, ya zama dole a tono tashar banki don jiragen ruwa su wuce. == Muhalli == [[Fayil:Fishermen_in_Egypt.jpg|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Manzala]] Tafkin Manzala ya zama muhimmiyar tushen kifi mai arha don amfani da mutum a Misira, amma gurɓataccen ruwa da ruwan tafkin sun rage yawan amfanin tafkin. A shekara ta 1985, kifi na tabkuna yanki ne mai budewa na hekta {{Convert|89,000|ha}} (acre 220,000) kuma yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 17,000. Gwamnatin Masar ta zubar da ruwa mai yawa na tafkin a kokarin canza wadatattun albarkatun Nilu zuwa gonar gona. Aikin bai sami riba ba: amfanin gona bai girma sosai a cikin ƙasa mai gishiri ba kuma darajar sakamakon ya kasance ƙasa da darajar kasuwa na kifi wanda ƙasar da aka dawo da ita ta riga ta samar. A shekara ta 2001, Tafkin Manzala ya rasa kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na tsohuwar yankinsa ta hanyar tasirin yunkurin zubar da ruwa. == Manazarta == mm7rax9ntvk9cumnb5hrpfw9j4ymija 840947 840946 2026-05-28T06:25:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 840947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Manzala''' ({{Convert|47|km}}), wanda kuma '''Manzaleh''', tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi, wani lokacin ana kiransa lagoon, a arewa maso gabashin Masar a kan Kogin Nilu kusa da Port Said da kuma 'yan mil daga tsoffin rushewar Tanis . Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin tabkuna na arewacin Masar.<ref name="ZAHRAN" /> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2008 yana da tsawon (29 da faɗin kilomita {{Convert|30|km}} (19 mi). == Magana == Sunan tafkin ya samo asali ne daga Larabci: نزل, , lit. ', tsaya, zauna.' A tsakiyar zamanai an kuma san shi da '''pi-Manjōili''' (Coptic), an fassara shi zuwa Girkanci a matsayin '''Xenedokhou''' (Girkanci na dā), don haka ya sa sunan Larabci na zamani fassarar Coptic, inda kamanceceniya ce kawai ta dace.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=60}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Manzala yana da tsawo amma ba shi da zurfi. Kodayake zurfin tafkin Manzala ba a canza shi ba kawai ƙafa huɗu zuwa biyar (1.2 zuwa 1.5 , an yi canje-canje ga zurfin yayin gina Suez Canal don ba da damar Canal ya faɗaɗa kilomita 29 (47 a tsawon tafkin. Gidansa yumbu ne mai laushi. Kafin gina Suez Canal, Tafkin Manzala ya rabu da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] ta hanyar yashi 200 zuwa 300 yadudduka (180 zuwa 270 m) a fadin. An kafa Port Said kusa da Tafkin Manzala a cikin karni na sha tara don tallafawa ginin tashar ruwa da tafiye-tafiye masu alaƙa. Yanayin tafkin kai tsaye a kudancin Filin jirgin saman Port Said ya ƙuntata ikon birni don girma. == Suez Canal == Tafkin Manzala shine mafi arewacin tabkuna uku na halitta da [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] ya haɗu, sauran biyu sune Tafkin Timsah da Babban Tafkin Bitter. Ginin tashar ya ci gaba daga arewa zuwa kudu, ya kai Manzala da farko. Saboda rashin zurfin tafkin, ya zama dole a tono tashar banki don jiragen ruwa su wuce. == Muhalli == [[Fayil:Fishermen_in_Egypt.jpg|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Manzala]] Tafkin Manzala ya zama muhimmiyar tushen kifi mai arha don amfani da mutum a Misira, amma gurɓataccen ruwa da ruwan tafkin sun rage yawan amfanin tafkin. A shekara ta 1985, kifi na tabkuna yanki ne mai budewa na hekta {{Convert|89,000|ha}} (acre 220,000) kuma yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 17,000. Gwamnatin Masar ta zubar da ruwa mai yawa na tafkin a kokarin canza wadatattun albarkatun Nilu zuwa gonar gona. Aikin bai sami riba ba: amfanin gona bai girma sosai a cikin ƙasa mai gishiri ba kuma darajar sakamakon ya kasance ƙasa da darajar kasuwa na kifi wanda ƙasar da aka dawo da ita ta riga ta samar. A shekara ta 2001, Tafkin Manzala ya rasa kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na tsohuwar yankinsa ta hanyar tasirin yunkurin zubar da ruwa. == Manazarta == kp25f8o2fd5ogfmr3rgp3217l1wo098 0 152503 840948 2026-05-28T06:26:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350840891|Lake Mariout]]" 840948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin ''''''Mariut'''''''''<nowiki> (Arabic), tafkin mai laushi ne a arewacin Masar kusa da birnin Alexandria . Yankin tafkin ya rufe kilomita 200 (77 sq kuma yana da tashar ruwa a farkon karni na 20, amma a farkon karni ya 21, ya rufe kusan 'i kilomita 50 (19 sq . < data-mw='{"name":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Module:IPA/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"arz"},"2":{"wt":"boˈħeːɾet mɑɾˤˈjuːtˤ"},"3":{"wt":"IPA"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwHQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki>{{IPA|arz|boˈħeːɾet mɑɾˤˈjuːtˤ|IPA}}{{IPA|arz|boˈħeːɾet mɑɾˤˈjuːtˤ|IPA}} == Magana == Sunan Tafkin Mariout ya samo asali ne daga sunan Helenanci na '''Mareotis''' (Girkanci na dā: ) ko Marea, wanda aka sani da shi a zamanin Ptolemaic. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Alex-mariut.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Mariout a cikin 2010]] A zamanin d ̄ a, tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake yanzu, ya kara zuwa kudu da yamma kuma yana da kusan kilomita 700 (270 sq . Ba shi da bakin da ke haɗa shi da Bahar Rum, ana ciyar da shi da ruwan Nilu ta hanyar hanyoyi da yawa. A ƙarni na goma sha biyu tafkin ya ragu zuwa tarin tabkuna da filayen gishiri kuma ya bushe a Ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya. Har zuwa karni na 18 tafkin ruwa ne mai kyau, kodayake yawancin zai bushe a kowace shekara a lokacin jim kadan kafin Kogin Nilu ya sake ambaliya. Wani guguwa a shekara ta 1770 ya karya bango na teku a Abu Qir, ya haifar da tafkin ruwan teku da aka sani da Tafkin Abu Qir . An raba ruwan gishiri daga Tafkin Mariout ta hanyar tashar da ta ba da damar ruwa mai kyau ya yi tafiya daga Kogin Nilu zuwa [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]]. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Siege na Alexandria, a ranar 13 ga Maris 1801, Birtaniya ta yanke tashar, ta ba da damar babban ruwan teku daga Tafkin Abu Qir zuwa Tafkin Mariout. Tafkin Abu Qir ya daina wanzuwa, kuma Tafkin Mariout ya zama mai laushi maimakon sabo. Ruwan ruwan gishiri ya kuma lalata ƙauyuka 150 yayin da yake cika Tafkin Mariout don haka ba zato ba tsammani ya sake dawo da tsohuwar yankin sa kuma ya zama mai zurfi don kewayawa. Hanyar Alexandria zuwa Kogin Nilu ta ɓace, wanda ya bukaci bude Mahmoudiyah Canal daga Alexandria zuwa Kogun Nilu a cikin 1820. Tafkin Mariout ya rabu da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] ta hanyar ƙanƙanin isthmus wanda aka gina birnin Alexandria. Yankin tafkin gida ne ga kamun kifi da Ginin gishiri. Tun a farkon shekarun 1900, an rubuta cewa ana tsaftace gishiri daga yammacin tafkin. A cewar wasu rubuce-rubuce, an sami sunan mai suna a bakin wannan tafkin. == Cin zarafi == Garin Abusir na bakin teku, wanda aka sani a zamanin Graeco-Roman kamar Taposiris Magna, yana kan iyakar Tafkin Mariout . Za a iya ganin rushewar tsohuwar haikalin da tsohuwar kwatankwacin Hasumiyar Iskandariya a can. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, an kuma zarge shi da zama wurin binne Cleopatra VII da Mark Antony. == Manazarta == 3f1an6pm4onqmex7vzcdiw8hm3xfaxn 840949 840948 2026-05-28T06:28:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 840949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin '<nowiki/>'''''Mariut<nowiki>''''</nowiki>'' (Arabic), tafkin mai laushi ne a arewacin Masar kusa da birnin Alexandria . Yankin tafkin ya rufe kilomita 200 (77 sq kuma yana da tashar ruwa a farkon karni na 20, amma a farkon karni ya 21, ya rufe kusan 'i kilomita 50. == Magana == Sunan Tafkin Mariout ya samo asali ne daga sunan Helenanci na '''Mareotis''' (Girkanci na dā: ) ko Marea, wanda aka sani da shi a zamanin Ptolemaic. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Alex-mariut.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Mariout a cikin 2010]] A zamanin d ̄ a, tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake yanzu, ya kara zuwa kudu da yamma kuma yana da kusan kilomita 700 (270 sq . Ba shi da bakin da ke haɗa shi da Bahar Rum, ana ciyar da shi da ruwan Nilu ta hanyar hanyoyi da yawa. A ƙarni na goma sha biyu tafkin ya ragu zuwa tarin tabkuna da filayen gishiri kuma ya bushe a Ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya. Har zuwa karni na 18 tafkin ruwa ne mai kyau, kodayake yawancin zai bushe a kowace shekara a lokacin jim kadan kafin Kogin Nilu ya sake ambaliya. Wani guguwa a shekara ta 1770 ya karya bango na teku a Abu Qir, ya haifar da tafkin ruwan teku da aka sani da Tafkin Abu Qir . An raba ruwan gishiri daga Tafkin Mariout ta hanyar tashar da ta ba da damar ruwa mai kyau ya yi tafiya daga Kogin Nilu zuwa [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]]. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Siege na Alexandria, a ranar 13 ga Maris 1801, Birtaniya ta yanke tashar, ta ba da damar babban ruwan teku daga Tafkin Abu Qir zuwa Tafkin Mariout. Tafkin Abu Qir ya daina wanzuwa, kuma Tafkin Mariout ya zama mai laushi maimakon sabo. Ruwan ruwan gishiri ya kuma lalata ƙauyuka 150 yayin da yake cika Tafkin Mariout don haka ba zato ba tsammani ya sake dawo da tsohuwar yankin sa kuma ya zama mai zurfi don kewayawa. Hanyar Alexandria zuwa Kogin Nilu ta ɓace, wanda ya bukaci bude Mahmoudiyah Canal daga Alexandria zuwa Kogun Nilu a cikin 1820. Tafkin Mariout ya rabu da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] ta hanyar ƙanƙanin isthmus wanda aka gina birnin Alexandria. Yankin tafkin gida ne ga kamun kifi da Ginin gishiri. Tun a farkon shekarun 1900, an rubuta cewa ana tsaftace gishiri daga yammacin tafkin. A cewar wasu rubuce-rubuce, an sami sunan mai suna a bakin wannan tafkin. == Cin zarafi == Garin Abusir na bakin teku, wanda aka sani a zamanin Graeco-Roman kamar Taposiris Magna, yana kan iyakar Tafkin Mariout . Za a iya ganin rushewar tsohuwar haikalin da tsohuwar kwatankwacin Hasumiyar Iskandariya a can. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, an kuma zarge shi da zama wurin binne Cleopatra VII da Mark Antony. == Manazarta == 08uimk4l8us4ov4gp2xd7nj3xefzy4l 0 152504 840950 2026-05-28T06:29:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323549562|Lake Moeris]]" 840950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Moeris''' ( Ancient Greek , genitive Μοίριδος) wani tsohon tafki ne mai ruwa mai kyau wanda ke cikin Faiyum Oasis, {{Convert|80|km|mi}} kudu maso yammacin [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Masar]], wanda ya ci gaba a yau a wani ƙaramin girmansa na dā kamar '''Tafkin Qarun''' mai gishiri ( [[Larabci]] : بركة قارون). A [[Prehistory|tarihi,]] Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar tsohuwar Tashar Hawara, yana canzawa a daidai lokacin Paleolithic da Neolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tafkin Moeris na tarihi ya mamaye mafi yawan yankin Faiyum Oasis na zamani, tare da jimlar yanki da aka kiyasta tsakanin {{Cvt|1,270|km2|sqmi}} da kuma {{Cvt|1,700|km2|sqmi}} . A lokacin Daular Tsakiya, haƙa mashigar Hawara don ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa da aka sani da Bahr Yussef ya ƙara yawan kwararar ruwa zuwa Tafkin Moeris, kuma ayyukan magudanar ruwa da sake gina ƙasa a lokaci guda za su sa tafkin ya yi amfani da shi don amfanin gona. Ƙarin magudanar ruwa da sake ginawa a farkon Daular Ptolemaic ya yanke haɗin kai tsaye da Tafkin Moeris da Nilu kuma ya fara yanayin koma bayan tattalin arziki a hankali wanda ya ci gaba a zamanin Romawa, [[Zamanin Tsakiya|na zamanin da]] da na farkon zamani, wanda ya haifar da Tafkin Qarun na yanzu. <ref name="Brown University">{{Cite web |title=Lake Moeris |url=https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/afterpharaohs2010/13390.html |access-date=2018-08-14 |publisher=[[Brown University]]}}</ref> Faɗin tafkin na zamani yana da {{Cvt|43|m|ft}} a ƙasa da matakin teku, kuma ya mamaye kusan {{Cvt|202|km2|sqmi}} . Yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa na Eurasia da ke ƙaura daga latitudes na arewa suna amfani da Tafkin Qarun a matsayin filin hunturu, kuma saboda haka tafkin da kewayenta sun zama yanki mai kariya a ƙarƙashin dokar Masar. Babban salinity dinsa ya haifar da yawancin nau'in Kifi na ruwa mai laushi na Nilotic da suka ɓace daga tafkin, kodayake an gabatar da nau'ikan ruwan gishiri ko kuma nau'ikan da ke jure gishiri a cikin ruwansa don ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin kamun kifi na gida; manyan kamun kiɗa a yankin sun haɗa da tilapia, Mullet da sole.<ref name="El-Serafy-2014">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serafy |first=Sabry S. |last2=El-Haweet |first2=Alaa El-Din A. |last3=El-Ganiny |first3=Azza A. |last4=El-Far |first4=Alaa M. |date=April 2014 |title=Qarun Lake Fisheries : Fishing Gears, Species Composition and Catch per Unit Effort |url=http://platform.almanhal.com/CrossRef/Preview/?ID=2-63429 |journal=Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=39–49 |doi=10.12816/0011075 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An sanya Tafkin Qarun a matsayin shafin Ramsar a shekarar 2012. Tafkin Moeris ya ba da sunansa ga tsohuwar dabba mai shayarwa mai suna ''Moeritherium'', dangi mai nisa na [[Giwa|giwaye]] na zamani da aka fara bayyanawa daga kusa da Qasr el Sagha Formation. == Magana == Sunan "Tafkin Moeris" ya samo asali ne daga fassarar Girkanci ( ''[[wiktionary:Μοῖρῐς|Μοῖρῐς]] [[wiktionary:λίμνη|λίμνη]]'' ''Limne Moeris'' ) na sunan wurin [[Harshen Misira|Masar]] ''[[wiktionary:mr-wr|mr-wr]]'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin "Babban Magudanar Ruwa").<ref name="ucla-book">{{Cite book|edition=Willeke}}</ref> Wannan sunan wataƙila yana nufin Bahr Yussef ne, kuma a matsayinsa na Fir'auna wanda ke da alhakin gina shi Amenemhat&nbsp;An kira ta uku da "Sarki Moeris".<ref name="ucla-book" /><ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sommer}}</ref> A cikin [[Harshen Misira|Late Egyptian]], an kira tafkin da ''[[Faiyum|Piôm]]'', sunan da aka samo daga kalmar Masar ''[[wiktionary:pꜣ|pꜣ]] - [[wiktionary:ym#Egyptian|ym]]'' (wanda aka fassara "Teku"); Daga baya an fassara ''Piôm'' zuwa Coptic a matsayin [[wiktionary:ⲫⲓⲟⲙ|Ⲫⲓⲙ]] / [[wiktionary:ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ|Ⲡⲉⲓⲙ]] ( ''epʰiom'' / ''peiom'' ), wanda daga ciki aka samo sunan [[Larabci]] na zamani الفيوم ( ''el-Fayyūm'' ) (kuma ta hanyar faɗaɗa ''Faiyum'' mai suna Roman ). == Tarihi == === Tarihi na farko === A lokacin rikicin Salinity na Messinian na marigayi Miocene, [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] ya wuce kwandon Faiyum mara amfani a kasan babban kogi wanda ya kai kimanin kilomita 2.4 (1.5 zurfi inda birnin [[Kairo|Alkahira]] ke zaune yanzu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Mahmoudi |first=Ahmed |last2=Gabr |first2=Amir |date=February 2009 |title=Geophysical surveys to investigate the relation between the Quaternary Nile channels and the Messinian Nile canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=53–67 |bibcode=2009ArJG....2...53E |doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 |issn=1866-7511 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kodayake tsarin halittar tafkin Faiyum ya kasance batun wasu muhawara na masana tsakanin masanan ilimin ƙasa a farkon karni na 20, ra'ayi na yarjejeniya ya kasance cewa tafkin da kansa ya fito ne da farko a matsayin sakamakon lalacewar iska.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gardner |first=Elinor W. |date=1929 |title=The Origin of the Faiyum Depression: A Critical Commentary on a New View of Its Origin |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1784253 |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=371–383 |bibcode=1929GeogJ..74..371G |doi=10.2307/1784253 |issn=0016-7398 |jstor=1784253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bayan da [[Bahar Rum]] ta sake ambaliya a ƙarshen Miocene, kogin Nilu ya zama gulf na teku wanda ya kai cikin ƙasa zuwa shafin Kom Ombo na yanzu. A cikin lokacin ilimin ƙasa wannan ƙofar Bahar Rum a hankali ta cika da laka kuma ta zama [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]]. Wani lokaci kafin [[Middle Paleolithic|Tsakiyar Paleolithic]], yashi na kwarin Nilu ya tara isa ga ambaliyar Nilu ta cika cikin tafkin Faiyum ta hanyar Hawara Channel, ta haifar da tsohuwar Tafkin Moeris; wannan farkon tafkin ya ciyar da shi ne kawai ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa ta Nilu, kuma ana zaton ya bushe gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen Paleolittic kafin ya sake bayyana a farkon Neolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHayes1964">Hayes, William C. (1964). </cite></ref> Gilashin dutse da aka samo a gefen tafkin Faiyum wanda ya dace da waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar fasahar Levallois ya nuna cewa mutane ne ke zaune a bakin tekun Moeris har zuwa tsakiyar Paleolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964" /> Sauran ayyukan archaeological a cikin tafkin Faiyum, musamman na [[Gertrude Caton Thompson|Gertrude Caton-Thompson]] da Elinor Wight Gardner, sun dawo da shaidar yawancin ƙauyuka na Epipaleolithic da Neolithic. === Ci gaban farko: Tsohon da Tsakiyar Masarauta === An fara rubuta Tafkin Moeris daga kimanin 3000 , a lokacin Narmer ([[Menes]]). A farkon [[Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar|Tsohon Masarautar]] an gina wani yanki na dindindin, Shedet, a kan tudu na bankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin; Shedet zai ci gaba da zama babban cibiyar ibada ta Allahn Masar Sobek, ƙungiyar da za ta haifar da birnin da ke karɓar sunan Girkanci na ''Krokodeilópolis'' (Κροκοδειλόπολις, lit. "Crocodile City"), daga baya aka fassara shi a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin Crocodīlopolis. Birnin [[Faiyum]] na zamani yanzu yana zaune a shafin.&nbsp;  Babban canjin da mutum ya yi a Tafkin Moeris ya faru ne a lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Daular goma sha biyu, waɗanda suka yi mulki daga yankin Faiyum bayan ƙaura zuwa sabon babban birnin sarauta na Itjtawy. Senusret II ya fara ayyukan ban ruwa da sake farfado da ƙasa don 'yantar da ɓangarorin cikin tafkin don amfani da aikin gona, yana tura gefen tafkin zuwa waje daga Shedet . Jikansa Amenemhat III ya ci gaba da yin bincike mai zurfi na Hawara Channel, ya kirkiro tashar da aka sani a yau da Bahr Yussef . Wannan tashar ta kara yawan ruwan da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Moeris daga Kogin Nilu don yin ban ruwa da kwandon Faiyum, ta canza shi zuwa babban cibiyar noma, kuma a sakamakon haka, Amenemhat III daga baya an san shi a Helenanci a matsayin "Sarkin Moeris". Baya ga rawar da take takawa a matsayin tafkin ruwa mai laushi, an kuma yi amfani da tafkin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin jigilar kaya; an kawo tubalan basalt da aka haƙa daga wani dutse da ke kusa da tafkin ta [[Lake Moeris Quarry Road|Hanyar Lake Moeris Quarry]] Road, hanya mafi tsufa da aka sani a duniya. Daga tafkin, ana iya tura tubalan zuwa [[Tsarin pyramid na Giza|Giza Necropolis]] don amfani da su wajen gina temples da abubuwan tunawa. ASCE ta shiga Hanyar Quarry a cikin Jerin Tarihin Injiniyanci na Tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Moeris Quarry Road |url=https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/lake-moeris-quarry-road |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=asce.org |publisher=[[American Society of Civil Engineers]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2a9ic5g0y1dy31f9g388g0q2p3kaas4 840951 840950 2026-05-28T06:29:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 840951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Moeris''' ( Ancient Greek , genitive Μοίριδος) wani tsohon tafki ne mai ruwa mai kyau wanda ke cikin Faiyum Oasis, {{Convert|80|km|mi}} kudu maso yammacin [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Masar]], wanda ya ci gaba a yau a wani ƙaramin girmansa na dā kamar '''Tafkin Qarun''' mai gishiri ( [[Larabci]] : بركة قارون). A [[Prehistory|tarihi,]] Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar tsohuwar Tashar Hawara, yana canzawa a daidai lokacin Paleolithic da Neolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tafkin Moeris na tarihi ya mamaye mafi yawan yankin Faiyum Oasis na zamani, tare da jimlar yanki da aka kiyasta tsakanin {{Cvt|1,270|km2|sqmi}} da kuma {{Cvt|1,700|km2|sqmi}} . A lokacin Daular Tsakiya, haƙa mashigar Hawara don ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa da aka sani da Bahr Yussef ya ƙara yawan kwararar ruwa zuwa Tafkin Moeris, kuma ayyukan magudanar ruwa da sake gina ƙasa a lokaci guda za su sa tafkin ya yi amfani da shi don amfanin gona. Ƙarin magudanar ruwa da sake ginawa a farkon Daular Ptolemaic ya yanke haɗin kai tsaye da Tafkin Moeris da Nilu kuma ya fara yanayin koma bayan tattalin arziki a hankali wanda ya ci gaba a zamanin Romawa, [[Zamanin Tsakiya|na zamanin da]] da na farkon zamani, wanda ya haifar da Tafkin Qarun na yanzu. <ref name="Brown University">{{Cite web |title=Lake Moeris |url=https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/afterpharaohs2010/13390.html |access-date=2018-08-14 |publisher=[[Brown University]]}}</ref> Faɗin tafkin na zamani yana da {{Cvt|43|m|ft}} a ƙasa da matakin teku, kuma ya mamaye kusan {{Cvt|202|km2|sqmi}} . Yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa na Eurasia da ke ƙaura daga latitudes na arewa suna amfani da Tafkin Qarun a matsayin filin hunturu, kuma saboda haka tafkin da kewayenta sun zama yanki mai kariya a ƙarƙashin dokar Masar. Babban salinity dinsa ya haifar da yawancin nau'in Kifi na ruwa mai laushi na Nilotic da suka ɓace daga tafkin, kodayake an gabatar da nau'ikan ruwan gishiri ko kuma nau'ikan da ke jure gishiri a cikin ruwansa don ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin kamun kifi na gida; manyan kamun kiɗa a yankin sun haɗa da tilapia, Mullet da sole.<ref name="El-Serafy-2014">{{Cite journal |last=El-Serafy |first=Sabry S. |last2=El-Haweet |first2=Alaa El-Din A. |last3=El-Ganiny |first3=Azza A. |last4=El-Far |first4=Alaa M. |date=April 2014 |title=Qarun Lake Fisheries : Fishing Gears, Species Composition and Catch per Unit Effort |url=http://platform.almanhal.com/CrossRef/Preview/?ID=2-63429 |journal=Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=39–49 |doi=10.12816/0011075 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An sanya Tafkin Qarun a matsayin shafin Ramsar a shekarar 2012. Tafkin Moeris ya ba da sunansa ga tsohuwar dabba mai shayarwa mai suna ''Moeritherium'', dangi mai nisa na [[Giwa|giwaye]] na zamani da aka fara bayyanawa daga kusa da Qasr el Sagha Formation. == Magana == Sunan "Tafkin Moeris" ya samo asali ne daga fassarar Girkanci ( ''[[wiktionary:Μοῖρῐς|Μοῖρῐς]] [[wiktionary:λίμνη|λίμνη]]'' ''Limne Moeris'' ) na sunan wurin [[Harshen Misira|Masar]] ''[[wiktionary:mr-wr|mr-wr]]'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin "Babban Magudanar Ruwa").<ref name="ucla-book">{{Cite book|edition=Willeke}}</ref> Wannan sunan wataƙila yana nufin Bahr Yussef ne, kuma a matsayinsa na Fir'auna wanda ke da alhakin gina shi Amenemhat&nbsp;An kira ta uku da "Sarki Moeris".<ref name="ucla-book" /><ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sommer}}</ref> A cikin [[Harshen Misira|Late Egyptian]], an kira tafkin da ''[[Faiyum|Piôm]]'', sunan da aka samo daga kalmar Masar ''[[wiktionary:pꜣ|pꜣ]] - [[wiktionary:ym#Egyptian|ym]]'' (wanda aka fassara "Teku"); Daga baya an fassara ''Piôm'' zuwa Coptic a matsayin [[wiktionary:ⲫⲓⲟⲙ|Ⲫⲓⲙ]] / [[wiktionary:ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ|Ⲡⲉⲓⲙ]] ( ''epʰiom'' / ''peiom'' ), wanda daga ciki aka samo sunan [[Larabci]] na zamani الفيوم ( ''el-Fayyūm'' ) (kuma ta hanyar faɗaɗa ''Faiyum'' mai suna Roman ). == Tarihi == === Tarihi na farko === A lokacin rikicin Salinity na Messinian na marigayi Miocene, [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] ya wuce kwandon Faiyum mara amfani a kasan babban kogi wanda ya kai kimanin kilomita 2.4 (1.5 zurfi inda birnin [[Kairo|Alkahira]] ke zaune yanzu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Mahmoudi |first=Ahmed |last2=Gabr |first2=Amir |date=February 2009 |title=Geophysical surveys to investigate the relation between the Quaternary Nile channels and the Messinian Nile canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=53–67 |bibcode=2009ArJG....2...53E |doi=10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9 |issn=1866-7511 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kodayake tsarin halittar tafkin Faiyum ya kasance batun wasu muhawara na masana tsakanin masanan ilimin ƙasa a farkon karni na 20, ra'ayi na yarjejeniya ya kasance cewa tafkin da kansa ya fito ne da farko a matsayin sakamakon lalacewar iska.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gardner |first=Elinor W. |date=1929 |title=The Origin of the Faiyum Depression: A Critical Commentary on a New View of Its Origin |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1784253 |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=371–383 |bibcode=1929GeogJ..74..371G |doi=10.2307/1784253 |issn=0016-7398 |jstor=1784253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bayan da [[Bahar Rum]] ta sake ambaliya a ƙarshen Miocene, kogin Nilu ya zama gulf na teku wanda ya kai cikin ƙasa zuwa shafin Kom Ombo na yanzu. A cikin lokacin ilimin ƙasa wannan ƙofar Bahar Rum a hankali ta cika da laka kuma ta zama [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]]. Wani lokaci kafin [[Middle Paleolithic|Tsakiyar Paleolithic]], yashi na kwarin Nilu ya tara isa ga ambaliyar Nilu ta cika cikin tafkin Faiyum ta hanyar Hawara Channel, ta haifar da tsohuwar Tafkin Moeris; wannan farkon tafkin ya ciyar da shi ne kawai ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa ta Nilu, kuma ana zaton ya bushe gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen Paleolittic kafin ya sake bayyana a farkon Neolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964">{{Cite journal |last=Hayes |first=William C. |date=1964 |title=Most Ancient Egypt: Chapter I. The Formation of the Land |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/543676 |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=73–114 |doi=10.1086/371762 |issn=0022-2968 |jstor=543676 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHayes1964">Hayes, William C. (1964). </cite></ref> Gilashin dutse da aka samo a gefen tafkin Faiyum wanda ya dace da waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar fasahar Levallois ya nuna cewa mutane ne ke zaune a bakin tekun Moeris har zuwa tsakiyar Paleolithic.<ref name="Hayes-1964" /> Sauran ayyukan archaeological a cikin tafkin Faiyum, musamman na [[Gertrude Caton Thompson|Gertrude Caton-Thompson]] da Elinor Wight Gardner, sun dawo da shaidar yawancin ƙauyuka na Epipaleolithic da Neolithic. === Ci gaban farko: Tsohon da Tsakiyar Masarauta === An fara rubuta Tafkin Moeris daga kimanin 3000 , a lokacin Narmer ([[Menes]]). A farkon [[Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar|Tsohon Masarautar]] an gina wani yanki na dindindin, Shedet, a kan tudu na bankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin; Shedet zai ci gaba da zama babban cibiyar ibada ta Allahn Masar Sobek, ƙungiyar da za ta haifar da birnin da ke karɓar sunan Girkanci na ''Krokodeilópolis'' (Κροκοδειλόπολις, lit. "Crocodile City"), daga baya aka fassara shi a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin Crocodīlopolis. Birnin [[Faiyum]] na zamani yanzu yana zaune a shafin.&nbsp;  Babban canjin da mutum ya yi a Tafkin Moeris ya faru ne a lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Daular goma sha biyu, waɗanda suka yi mulki daga yankin Faiyum bayan ƙaura zuwa sabon babban birnin sarauta na Itjtawy. Senusret II ya fara ayyukan ban ruwa da sake farfado da ƙasa don 'yantar da ɓangarorin cikin tafkin don amfani da aikin gona, yana tura gefen tafkin zuwa waje daga Shedet . Jikansa Amenemhat III ya ci gaba da yin bincike mai zurfi na Hawara Channel, ya kirkiro tashar da aka sani a yau da Bahr Yussef . Wannan tashar ta kara yawan ruwan da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Moeris daga Kogin Nilu don yin ban ruwa da kwandon Faiyum, ta canza shi zuwa babban cibiyar noma, kuma a sakamakon haka, Amenemhat III daga baya an san shi a Helenanci a matsayin "Sarkin Moeris". Baya ga rawar da take takawa a matsayin tafkin ruwa mai laushi, an kuma yi amfani da tafkin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin jigilar kaya; an kawo tubalan basalt da aka haƙa daga wani dutse da ke kusa da tafkin ta [[Lake Moeris Quarry Road|Hanyar Lake Moeris Quarry]] Road, hanya mafi tsufa da aka sani a duniya. Daga tafkin, ana iya tura tubalan zuwa [[Tsarin pyramid na Giza|Giza Necropolis]] don amfani da su wajen gina temples da abubuwan tunawa. ASCE ta shiga Hanyar Quarry a cikin Jerin Tarihin Injiniyanci na Tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Moeris Quarry Road |url=https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/historic-landmarks/lake-moeris-quarry-road |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=asce.org |publisher=[[American Society of Civil Engineers]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == qr6ad81e2ej1wbehgalgh644aioiii3 0 152505 840953 2026-05-28T06:30:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337054510|Paralus (Egypt)]]" 840953 wikitext text/x-wiki Paralus wani yanki ne na tarihi wanda ke daya daga cikin bakuna bakwai na [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], [[Misra|Misira]] da aka sani da Paralus ko Sebennys.<ref name="CE">{{In lang|en}} Vailhé, Siméon. "[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11475a.htm Paralus]" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 19 Dec. 2013</ref> A zamanin Byzantine yana cikin lardin Ægyptus Secunda.<ref name="CE" /> Wurin, wanda aka ambata a cikin ''Notitia Episcopatuum'', <ref name="CE" /> an watsar da shi kuma yanzu an rufe shi da ruwan Tafkin [[Buhayrat al Burullus|Burullus]]. Herodius ne ya ambaci birnin '''Bishops na Paralas''' Garin ya kasance wurin zama na tsohuwar bishopric. Mutane da yawa sun san mu: * Athanasius, ya taimaka a Majalisar Afisa, a cikin 431 * Pasmeius ya kasance a Majalisar 'yan fashi ta Afisa, 449, kuma a Majalisar Kalkedoni, * Bishop na Jacobite wanda ba a san shi ba * Bishop na Jacobite wanda ba a san sunansa ba An haɗa bishopric na Paralus a yau a cikin jerin sunayen [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 949</ref> == Manazarta == r7w938t26xivzprpfx8knz1elo9oh1v 840954 840953 2026-05-28T06:30:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paralus wani yanki ne na tarihi wanda ke daya daga cikin bakuna bakwai na [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]], [[Misra|Misira]] da aka sani da Paralus ko Sebennys.<ref name="CE">{{In lang|en}} Vailhé, Siméon. "[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11475a.htm Paralus]" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 19 Dec. 2013</ref> A zamanin Byzantine yana cikin lardin Ægyptus Secunda.<ref name="CE" /> Wurin, wanda aka ambata a cikin ''Notitia Episcopatuum'', <ref name="CE" /> an watsar da shi kuma yanzu an rufe shi da ruwan Tafkin [[Buhayrat al Burullus|Burullus]]. Herodius ne ya ambaci birnin '''Bishops na Paralas''' Garin ya kasance wurin zama na tsohuwar bishopric. Mutane da yawa sun san mu: * Athanasius, ya taimaka a Majalisar Afisa, a cikin 431 * Pasmeius ya kasance a Majalisar 'yan fashi ta Afisa, 449, kuma a Majalisar Kalkedoni, * Bishop na Jacobite wanda ba a san shi ba * Bishop na Jacobite wanda ba a san sunansa ba An haɗa bishopric na Paralus a yau a cikin jerin sunayen [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 949</ref> == Manazarta == 1nu5fy084fcs5nz179x1k60uqavq48l 0 152506 840955 2026-05-28T06:31:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324079178|Serbonian Bog]]" 840955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bog na Serbia''' ( Greek , Latin , Arabic ) yanki ne mai dausayi a cikin wani tafkin ruwa da ke tsakanin gabashin Delta na Nilu, Isthmus na Suez, Dutsen Casius, da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] a [[Misra|Masar]], tare da Tafkin Sirbonis a tsakiyarsa. Har yanzu tafkin yana nan, kuma shine na biyu mafi girma a [[Misra|Masar]] . <ref name="fadlnathumlagoons">{{Cite journal |last=Fadl |first=Sherwet Mustafa El Sayed |year=2016 |title=Natural and Human Impacts on the Egyptian Northern Lagoons Between the Ptolemaic and Roman Eras In the Light of Greek Sources Mareotis and Sirbonis A Case Study |url=https://platform.almanhal.com/Reader/Article/88366 |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Environmental Change |publisher=The Egyptian Society of Environmental Change |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=7–18 |doi=10.12816/0027476 |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref> {{Rp|13}}Ana amfani da wannan dajin a matsayin misali a Turanci don yanayin da ba za a iya raba shi ba. == Sirbonis a cikin tushe na gargajiya == Kamar yadda Herodotus, [[Strabo]] da sauran tsoffin masana tarihi da masana tarihi suka bayyana, Serbonian Bog ya kasance cakuda sanduna na gaske, quicksand, asphalt (bisa ga Strabo) [bayanin 1] da ramuka da aka rufe da shingle, tare da tashar da ke gudana ta hanyar zuwa tafkin. Wannan ya ba da raƙuman ruwa bayyanar yaudara ta kasancewa tafkin da ke kewaye da mafi yawan ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Ana kuma kiran wurin (Girkanci: , ko Girkanci: Σίρβων, romaniised: Sirbōn a Girkanci.<ref name="dgrgsirbonis" /> Kalmar (Girkanci: λίμνη, limnē) a cikin sunansa na iya nufin "kogi", amma yawanci yana nufin "kaki mai santsi" ko Kawai. An gano Tafkin Serbonian a matsayin Tafkin Bardawil (''Sabkhat al Bardawil''), a arewacin gabar tekun Sinai. A cewar Diodorus Siculus, yawancin sojojin [[Shah|Sarkin Farisa]] sun ɓace a can bayan nasarar da ya samu na Sidon a ƙoƙarinsa na dawo da Masar ga mulkin Farisa.{{Refn|But the lexicographer [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]] considered this an exaggeration. Smith said the Persian king in question was [[Darius II]] Ochus.<ref name="dgrgsirbonis"/>}} Farawa da Milton, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a cikin bayaninsa na Jahannama, ana amfani da kalmar Serbonian Bog a cikin Turanci ga kowane yanayi wanda aka rikice mutum daga abin da ya zama da wahala. === Falsafa da Kimiyya ta Siyasa === Edmund Burke ya yi amfani da shi a cikin littafinsa Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790):<blockquote>"Dukan ikon da wannan juyin juya halin ya samu zai zauna a cikin garuruwa tsakanin burghers da daraktocin da ke jagorantar su. ... A nan ne duk mafarkai da wahayi na yaudara na daidaito da haƙƙin maza suka ƙare. A cikin 'Serbonian bog' na wannan tushe oligarchy duk an shagaltar da su, sun nutse, kuma sun ɓace har abada. "</blockquote>Daniel Webster ya yi amfani da shi a cikin jawabinsa, "The union not a compact" a kan dokar tilas, a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka, Fabrairu 16th, 1833 (a mayar da martani ga John C. Calhoun) da kuma sanarwar Jackson ga South Carolina, a cikin 1833:<blockquote>"Yana kama da mutum mai karfi da ke gwagwarmaya a cikin wani morass - duk wani yunkuri na fitar da kansa kawai yana nutse masa zurfi da zurfi. Kuma ina tsoron cewa za'a iya ci gaba da kamannin; Ina ganin cewa babu wani aboki da zai iya zuwa ga taimakonsa lafiya, cewa babu wanda zai iya kusanci kusa da shi don riƙe hannunsa na taimako, ba tare da haɗarin sauka da kansa ba, cikin zurfin wannan tafkin Serbonian. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=The union not a compact : A speech / By Daniel Webster, on the force bill, in the United States Senate, February 16th, 1833 (In reply to John C. Calhoun) and Jackson's |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mou.010506635376&seq=4}}</ref></blockquote> === Tattalin Arziki === An nakalto bayanin Milton a matsayin rubutun ga babi "Markets with non-convex preferences and production" wanda ke gabatar da "Quasi-equilibria in markets with non-consvex preferencies" na Ross Starr a cikin littafin Janar Competitive Analysis na Kenneth J. Arrow da Frank H. Hahn.<ref name="starrquasiequilib">{{Cite journal |last=Starr |first=Ross&nbsp;M. |author-link=Ross Starr |year=1969 |title=Quasi-equilibria in markets with non-convex preferences (Appendix&nbsp;2: The Shapley–Folkman theorem, pp.&nbsp;35–37) |journal=Econometrica |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=25–38 |citeseerx=10.1.1.297.8498 |doi=10.2307/1909201 |jstor=1909201}}</ref><ref name="gencompanarrow">{{Cite book|last2=Frank Hahn}}</ref> === Dokar === A cikin ra'ayinsa da aka buga a cikin In re Dow, 213 F. 355 (E.D.S.C. 1914), Alkalin Smith ya rubuta game da fassarar shari'a game da ka'idojin launin fata a cikin dokar asalin Amurka ta farko: "Dukkanin tattaunawar da ta gabata na iya zama kamar ba ta dace ba a cikin ra'ayi na doka game da gina doka, sai dai a matsayin nuna alamar Serbia inda kotun ko alƙali za ta shiga wanda ƙoƙarin sa kalmomin 'farar mutane' daidai da kowane rarraba launin fata". Mai shari'a na [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] Benjamin N. Cardozo ya yi amfani da shi a cikin ra'ayi mai banbanci, yana mai cewa:<blockquote>"Yunkurin bambanci tsakanin sakamakon haɗari da hanyoyin haɗari zai jefa wannan reshe na doka cikin Bog na Serbia. "</blockquote>Mai shari'a Dimmick ya yi amfani da shi a cikin ra'ayinsa na rashin amincewa a cikin Jihar v. Cameron, 674 P.2d 650 (Wash. 1983). "A ''Crenshaw'' mun fara odyssey. Ra'ayi mafi rinjaye na yau yanzu yana jagorantar mu cikin tafkin Serbonian. Wani Alkalin Kotun Koli, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], ya sake maimaita bayanin Cardozo:<blockquote>"Mun fahimci cewa duk wani ma'auni da ke buƙatar Kotuna su rarrabe abubuwan da suka haifar da "haɗari" daga abubuwan da suka faru "haɗarin" yana buƙatar zana layi, kuma mun fahimci cewa "mutane masu ma'ana [mutane] na iya bambanta sosai game da wurin da layin ya kamata ya faɗi "... Muna zana wannan layin a yau kawai saboda harshen Mataki na 17 da 18 yana buƙatar shi, kuma ba saboda duk wani sha'awar shiga cikin "Serbonian Bogsaw" wanda ke tare da ƙoƙarin rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan da haɗari ne don haɗari ba za su iya haifar da haɗari ba har sai Mataki ba don haɗari su iya haifar ba har sai Yarjejeniyar ta hanyar Warsaw ba.</blockquote> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dpdtcbvm5u5ljkxj1x2pdjgoxnascv5 840956 840955 2026-05-28T06:32:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 840956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bog na Serbia''' ( Greek , Latin , Arabic ) yanki ne mai dausayi a cikin wani tafkin ruwa da ke tsakanin gabashin Delta na Nilu, Isthmus na Suez, Dutsen Casius, da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] a [[Misra|Masar]], tare da Tafkin Sirbonis a tsakiyarsa. Har yanzu tafkin yana nan, kuma shine na biyu mafi girma a [[Misra|Masar]] . <ref name="fadlnathumlagoons">{{Cite journal |last=Fadl |first=Sherwet Mustafa El Sayed |year=2016 |title=Natural and Human Impacts on the Egyptian Northern Lagoons Between the Ptolemaic and Roman Eras In the Light of Greek Sources Mareotis and Sirbonis A Case Study |url=https://platform.almanhal.com/Reader/Article/88366 |journal=The Egyptian Journal of Environmental Change |publisher=The Egyptian Society of Environmental Change |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=7–18 |doi=10.12816/0027476 |url-access=subscription |access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref> {{Rp|13}}Ana amfani da wannan dajin a matsayin misali a Turanci don yanayin da ba za a iya raba shi ba. == Sirbonis a cikin tushe na gargajiya == Kamar yadda Herodotus, [[Strabo]] da sauran tsoffin masana tarihi da masana tarihi suka bayyana, Serbonian Bog ya kasance cakuda sanduna na gaske, quicksand, asphalt (bisa ga Strabo) [bayanin 1] da ramuka da aka rufe da shingle, tare da tashar da ke gudana ta hanyar zuwa tafkin. Wannan ya ba da raƙuman ruwa bayyanar yaudara ta kasancewa tafkin da ke kewaye da mafi yawan ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Ana kuma kiran wurin (Girkanci: , ko Girkanci: Σίρβων, romaniised: Sirbōn a Girkanci.<ref name="dgrgsirbonis" /> Kalmar (Girkanci: λίμνη, limnē) a cikin sunansa na iya nufin "kogi", amma yawanci yana nufin "kaki mai santsi" ko Kawai. An gano Tafkin Serbonian a matsayin Tafkin Bardawil (''Sabkhat al Bardawil''), a arewacin gabar tekun Sinai. A cewar Diodorus Siculus, yawancin sojojin [[Shah|Sarkin Farisa]] sun ɓace a can bayan nasarar da ya samu na Sidon a ƙoƙarinsa na dawo da Masar ga mulkin Farisa.{{Refn|But the lexicographer [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]] considered this an exaggeration. Smith said the Persian king in question was [[Darius II]] Ochus.<ref name="dgrgsirbonis"/>}} Farawa da Milton, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a cikin bayaninsa na Jahannama, ana amfani da kalmar Serbonian Bog a cikin Turanci ga kowane yanayi wanda aka rikice mutum daga abin da ya zama da wahala. === Falsafa da Kimiyya ta Siyasa === Edmund Burke ya yi amfani da shi a cikin littafinsa Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790):<blockquote>"Dukan ikon da wannan juyin juya halin ya samu zai zauna a cikin garuruwa tsakanin burghers da daraktocin da ke jagorantar su. ... A nan ne duk mafarkai da wahayi na yaudara na daidaito da haƙƙin maza suka ƙare. A cikin 'Serbonian bog' na wannan tushe oligarchy duk an shagaltar da su, sun nutse, kuma sun ɓace har abada. "</blockquote>Daniel Webster ya yi amfani da shi a cikin jawabinsa, "The union not a compact" a kan dokar tilas, a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka, Fabrairu 16th, 1833 (a mayar da martani ga John C. Calhoun) da kuma sanarwar Jackson ga South Carolina, a cikin 1833:<blockquote>"Yana kama da mutum mai karfi da ke gwagwarmaya a cikin wani morass - duk wani yunkuri na fitar da kansa kawai yana nutse masa zurfi da zurfi. Kuma ina tsoron cewa za'a iya ci gaba da kamannin; Ina ganin cewa babu wani aboki da zai iya zuwa ga taimakonsa lafiya, cewa babu wanda zai iya kusanci kusa da shi don riƙe hannunsa na taimako, ba tare da haɗarin sauka da kansa ba, cikin zurfin wannan tafkin Serbonian. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=The union not a compact : A speech / By Daniel Webster, on the force bill, in the United States Senate, February 16th, 1833 (In reply to John C. Calhoun) and Jackson's |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mou.010506635376&seq=4}}</ref></blockquote> === Tattalin Arziki === An nakalto bayanin Milton a matsayin rubutun ga babi "Markets with non-convex preferences and production" wanda ke gabatar da "Quasi-equilibria in markets with non-consvex preferencies" na Ross Starr a cikin littafin Janar Competitive Analysis na Kenneth J. Arrow da Frank H. Hahn.<ref name="starrquasiequilib">{{Cite journal |last=Starr |first=Ross&nbsp;M. |author-link=Ross Starr |year=1969 |title=Quasi-equilibria in markets with non-convex preferences (Appendix&nbsp;2: The Shapley–Folkman theorem, pp.&nbsp;35–37) |journal=Econometrica |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=25–38 |citeseerx=10.1.1.297.8498 |doi=10.2307/1909201 |jstor=1909201}}</ref><ref name="gencompanarrow">{{Cite book|last2=Frank Hahn}}</ref> === Dokar === A cikin ra'ayinsa da aka buga a cikin In re Dow, 213 F. 355 (E.D.S.C. 1914), Alkalin Smith ya rubuta game da fassarar shari'a game da ka'idojin launin fata a cikin dokar asalin Amurka ta farko: "Dukkanin tattaunawar da ta gabata na iya zama kamar ba ta dace ba a cikin ra'ayi na doka game da gina doka, sai dai a matsayin nuna alamar Serbia inda kotun ko alƙali za ta shiga wanda ƙoƙarin sa kalmomin 'farar mutane' daidai da kowane rarraba launin fata". Mai shari'a na [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] Benjamin N. Cardozo ya yi amfani da shi a cikin ra'ayi mai banbanci, yana mai cewa:<blockquote>"Yunkurin bambanci tsakanin sakamakon haɗari da hanyoyin haɗari zai jefa wannan reshe na doka cikin Bog na Serbia. "</blockquote>Mai shari'a Dimmick ya yi amfani da shi a cikin ra'ayinsa na rashin amincewa a cikin Jihar v. Cameron, 674 P.2d 650 (Wash. 1983). "A ''Crenshaw'' mun fara odyssey. Ra'ayi mafi rinjaye na yau yanzu yana jagorantar mu cikin tafkin Serbonian. Wani Alkalin Kotun Koli, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], ya sake maimaita bayanin Cardozo:<blockquote>"Mun fahimci cewa duk wani ma'auni da ke buƙatar Kotuna su rarrabe abubuwan da suka haifar da "haɗari" daga abubuwan da suka faru "haɗarin" yana buƙatar zana layi, kuma mun fahimci cewa "mutane masu ma'ana [mutane] na iya bambanta sosai game da wurin da layin ya kamata ya faɗi "... Muna zana wannan layin a yau kawai saboda harshen Mataki na 17 da 18 yana buƙatar shi, kuma ba saboda duk wani sha'awar shiga cikin "Serbonian Bogsaw" wanda ke tare da ƙoƙarin rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan da haɗari ne don haɗari ba za su iya haifar da haɗari ba har sai Mataki ba don haɗari su iya haifar ba har sai Yarjejeniyar ta hanyar Warsaw ba.</blockquote> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t46px9oi9g5tja08i27305iu3kciw8i 0 152507 840957 2026-05-28T06:33:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352527695|Lake Timsah]]" 840957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Timsah''', Larabci don '''Tafkin Crocodile''' (Larabci: بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح), tafki ne a [[Misra|Misira]] a kan Kogin Nilu . Yana kwance a cikin wani kwandon da aka haɓaka tare da Kuskuren da ya kai daga Bahar Rum zuwa Tekun Suez ta yankin Bitter Lakes . A cikin 1800, ambaliyar ruwa ta cika Wadi Tumilat, wanda ya sa bankunan Timsah su cika kuma suka tura ruwa kudu zuwa Bitter Lakes kimanin mil tara (14 daga nesa. A shekara ta 1862, tafkin ya cika da ruwa daga [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]], kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]]. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Timsah yana cikin rami wanda ya mamaye isthmus tsakanin [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]] da Bahar Rum. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci na bakin ciki ya samar da tabkuna masu zurfi, wanda Timsah yana ɗaya daga cikinsu.<ref name="rogers" /> Yankin tafkin Timsah ya rufe murabba'in mil 5.4.<ref name="Ismailia">{{Cite web |title=Ismailia |url=http://www.touregypt.net/ismailia.htm |access-date=2009-04-09}}</ref> Yawancin tafkin yana da marshy kuma zurfin ba ya wuce 3 feet (0.91 mita). An tabbatar da cewa, a zamanin d ̄ a, Tafkin Timsah shine ƙarshen arewacin [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]]. A ranar 4 ga Maris, 1863, birnin Ismailiya, mai suna don girmama mataimakin sarki Ismail Pasha, ya tashi a bakin tekun Timsah na arewa. Yawancin rairayin bakin teku suna kallon tafkin, gami da Matasan Musulmi, Fayrouz, Melaha, Bahary, Taawen, da wasu rairayin kan teku na Suez Canal Authority.<ref name="Ismailia">{{Cite web |title=Ismailia |url=http://www.touregypt.net/ismailia.htm |access-date=2009-04-09}}</ref> == Hanyoyin ruwa == === Hanyar Fir'auna === [[Fayil:Canal_of_the_Pharaohs_Map-en.svg|thumb|Kimanin wurin Canal of the Fir'auna]] Tafkin Timsah mai yiwuwa ya zama mahaukaci don gina tashar ruwa kimanin shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata a lokacin Masarautar Masar ta Tsakiya, kuma Darius I ya fadada shi. Ginin [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] a kusa da Tafkin Timsah ya fara ne a 1861 a yankin arewacin tafkin. Shirye-shiryen farko sun haɗa da gina ɗakunan ajiya don gidaje 10,000, kayan aikin katako, da shigo da adadi mai yawa na kekuna da allunan katako.<ref name="royal" /> Ma'aikata 3,000 sun haƙa tashar (Ismailiya Canal) daga [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] zuwa Tafkin Timsah a cikin 1861 da 1862, wanda ya kawo ruwan sha zuwa yankin.<ref name="royal" /> An kuma ba da shawarar gina tashar jiragen ruwa a wannan lokacin tare da tashar. Sashe na Ismailia na Suez Canal, wanda ya haɗa Tafkin Manzala zuwa Tafkin Timsah, an kammala shi a watan Nuwamba 1862. <ref name="henderson" /> An kammala ginin ɓangaren tare da aikin tilas, wanda ya faɗaɗa ma'aikata zuwa mutane 18,000.<ref name="royal" /><ref name="henderson" /> Ramin ya auna {{Convert|50|ft|m}} fadi da hudu zuwa shida feet zurfi kuma ya haɗa Lake Timsah zuwa Bahar Rum.<ref name="royal" /> An fara aiki a kudancin Tafkin Timsah a 1862-1863 yayin da fadada ta ci gaba a yankin arewa.<ref name="royal" /> An yi amfani da aikin tilas a lokacin gina tashar daga Maris 1862 har sai Ismail Pasha ya haramta aikin a 1864.<ref name="henderson" /> A sakamakon tashar, ruwan daga Tafkin Manzaleh ya gudana cikin Tafkin Timsah.<ref name="henderson" /> An ci gaba da fadadawa a arewacin ɓangaren har zuwa 1867 kuma a kudancin ɓangaren zuwa 1876. <ref name="royal" /> == Muhalli == === Gishiri === Tafkin Timsah tafki ne mai laushi wanda ke fuskantar bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin gishiri. Ayyukan injiniyan ɗan adam sun shafi salinity, tare da canje-canje a cikin yanayin tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> An lura da raguwar gishiri tun farkon shekara ta 1871 bayan gina Suez Canal, kuma fadada tashar daga Kogin Nilu da sauran ayyukan gine-gine sun kara yawan ruwan sha zuwa tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> Hanyar El-Gamil tana aiki ne a matsayin babbar hanyar ruwan gishiri ta Tafkin Timsah.<ref name="gollasch" /> Babban tushen ruwa mai laushi na Timsah shine ambaliyar Nilu ta shekara-shekara har sai Aswan High Dam ya katse waɗannan kwarara a 1966, kodayake ruwan kasa yana da asusun yawancin ruwan sha na tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> Tafkin Timsah yana fuskantar bambance-bambance na rarrabuwa a cikin salinity da bambance-nambance na yanayi a cikin salunity, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ruwan sha yana shawo kan takaddun ruwa.<ref name="gollasch" /> == Manazarta == s6ctn05j0vlq8f7xqjhbj216ppqx03d 840958 840957 2026-05-28T06:34:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 840958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Timsah''', Larabci don '''Tafkin Crocodile''' (Larabci: بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح), tafki ne a [[Misra|Misira]] a kan Kogin Nilu . Yana kwance a cikin wani kwandon da aka haɓaka tare da Kuskuren da ya kai daga Bahar Rum zuwa Tekun Suez ta yankin Bitter Lakes . A cikin 1800, ambaliyar ruwa ta cika Wadi Tumilat, wanda ya sa bankunan Timsah su cika kuma suka tura ruwa kudu zuwa Bitter Lakes kimanin mil tara (14 daga nesa. A shekara ta 1862, tafkin ya cika da ruwa daga [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]], kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]]. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Timsah yana cikin rami wanda ya mamaye isthmus tsakanin [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]] da Bahar Rum. Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci na bakin ciki ya samar da tabkuna masu zurfi, wanda Timsah yana ɗaya daga cikinsu.<ref name="rogers" /> Yankin tafkin Timsah ya rufe murabba'in mil 5.4.<ref name="Ismailia">{{Cite web |title=Ismailia |url=http://www.touregypt.net/ismailia.htm |access-date=2009-04-09}}</ref> Yawancin tafkin yana da marshy kuma zurfin ba ya wuce 3 feet (0.91 mita). An tabbatar da cewa, a zamanin d ̄ a, Tafkin Timsah shine ƙarshen arewacin [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]]. A ranar 4 ga Maris, 1863, birnin Ismailiya, mai suna don girmama mataimakin sarki Ismail Pasha, ya tashi a bakin tekun Timsah na arewa. Yawancin rairayin bakin teku suna kallon tafkin, gami da Matasan Musulmi, Fayrouz, Melaha, Bahary, Taawen, da wasu rairayin kan teku na Suez Canal Authority.<ref name="Ismailia">{{Cite web |title=Ismailia |url=http://www.touregypt.net/ismailia.htm |access-date=2009-04-09}}</ref> == Hanyoyin ruwa == === Hanyar Fir'auna === [[Fayil:Canal_of_the_Pharaohs_Map-en.svg|thumb|Kimanin wurin Canal of the Fir'auna]] Tafkin Timsah mai yiwuwa ya zama mahaukaci don gina tashar ruwa kimanin shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata a lokacin Masarautar Masar ta Tsakiya, kuma Darius I ya fadada shi. Ginin [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] a kusa da Tafkin Timsah ya fara ne a 1861 a yankin arewacin tafkin. Shirye-shiryen farko sun haɗa da gina ɗakunan ajiya don gidaje 10,000, kayan aikin katako, da shigo da adadi mai yawa na kekuna da allunan katako.<ref name="royal" /> Ma'aikata 3,000 sun haƙa tashar (Ismailiya Canal) daga [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] zuwa Tafkin Timsah a cikin 1861 da 1862, wanda ya kawo ruwan sha zuwa yankin.<ref name="royal" /> An kuma ba da shawarar gina tashar jiragen ruwa a wannan lokacin tare da tashar. Sashe na Ismailia na Suez Canal, wanda ya haɗa Tafkin Manzala zuwa Tafkin Timsah, an kammala shi a watan Nuwamba 1862. <ref name="henderson" /> An kammala ginin ɓangaren tare da aikin tilas, wanda ya faɗaɗa ma'aikata zuwa mutane 18,000.<ref name="royal" /><ref name="henderson" /> Ramin ya auna {{Convert|50|ft|m}} fadi da hudu zuwa shida feet zurfi kuma ya haɗa Lake Timsah zuwa Bahar Rum.<ref name="royal" /> An fara aiki a kudancin Tafkin Timsah a 1862-1863 yayin da fadada ta ci gaba a yankin arewa.<ref name="royal" /> An yi amfani da aikin tilas a lokacin gina tashar daga Maris 1862 har sai Ismail Pasha ya haramta aikin a 1864.<ref name="henderson" /> A sakamakon tashar, ruwan daga Tafkin Manzaleh ya gudana cikin Tafkin Timsah.<ref name="henderson" /> An ci gaba da fadadawa a arewacin ɓangaren har zuwa 1867 kuma a kudancin ɓangaren zuwa 1876. <ref name="royal" /> == Muhalli == === Gishiri === Tafkin Timsah tafki ne mai laushi wanda ke fuskantar bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin gishiri. Ayyukan injiniyan ɗan adam sun shafi salinity, tare da canje-canje a cikin yanayin tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> An lura da raguwar gishiri tun farkon shekara ta 1871 bayan gina Suez Canal, kuma fadada tashar daga Kogin Nilu da sauran ayyukan gine-gine sun kara yawan ruwan sha zuwa tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> Hanyar El-Gamil tana aiki ne a matsayin babbar hanyar ruwan gishiri ta Tafkin Timsah.<ref name="gollasch" /> Babban tushen ruwa mai laushi na Timsah shine ambaliyar Nilu ta shekara-shekara har sai Aswan High Dam ya katse waɗannan kwarara a 1966, kodayake ruwan kasa yana da asusun yawancin ruwan sha na tafkin.<ref name="gollasch" /> Tafkin Timsah yana fuskantar bambance-bambance na rarrabuwa a cikin salinity da bambance-nambance na yanayi a cikin salunity, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ruwan sha yana shawo kan takaddun ruwa.<ref name="gollasch" /> == Manazarta == 69qvzv7s94uq9dqp1aeck2lc42io2qo 0 152508 840959 2026-05-28T06:35:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355045189|Toshka Lakes]]" 840959 wikitext text/x-wiki Toshka Lakes (Arabic: بحيرات توشكى, furcin Larabci na Masar: [boħeˈɾæːt ˈtoʃkæ]) shine sunan da aka ba da tabkuna da aka kafa kwanan nan a cikin hamadar Sahara ta Masar . Kasancewarsu ta samo asali ne daga yawan lokaci daga [[Tafkin Nasser]]. Kasancewar bakin ciki ya taimaka wajen kafa Shirin Toshka New Valley, wanda [[Sheikh Zayed Canal]] ya yiwu, wanda ya fara daga tashar famfo ta Mubarak don tada ruwa daga rafin Tafkin Nasser zuwa tashar, kuma manufarsa ita ce bunkasa yankin kudancin kwarin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشروعى توشكى ونرعة السلام وقضية المياه وحق مصر التاريخى |url=http://atef.helals.net/mental_responses/water_resources/page3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414172342/http://atef.helals.net/mental_responses/water_resources/page3.htm |archive-date=2017-04-14 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=atef.helals.net |language=ar}}</ref> == Magana == Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu game da asalin sunan "Tosh''ka''". Na farko shi ne cewa kalmar "toshka" ta ƙunshi sassan biyu: "''''Toshi''''" ko "''tosho''", da "''''ki''''", "ke", ko "ka". "Toshi" shine sunan tsire-tsire, wani nau'in magani wanda ke girma a kwarin, kuma "ki" yana nufin "wurin", "gidan", ko "ƙasar gida" a cikin yaren Nubian na yankin. Toshka gabaɗaya tana nufin "gidan shuka na Ghubeira".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fathi Al-Turkmani |first=Gouda |date=1999 |title=The Geomorphology of the Toshka Region and Development Potential |journal=Egyptian Geographical Society |edition=1999}}</ref> Ra'ayi na biyu, wanda aka fi yarda da shi, shi ne cewa ana kiran tabkuna ne bayan ƙauyen [[Nubians (ƙabila)|Nubian]] (Old Nubian) wanda ya wanzu a yankin har sai ambaliyar ruwa ta cika bayan gina Babban Dam din Aswan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Pierce |first=Richard Holton |date=2017 |title=Nubian Toponyms in Medieval Nubian Sources |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320799637 |journal=Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies |language=en |volume=4 |doi=10.5070/D64110024 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fathi Al-Turkmani |first=Gouda |date=1999 |title=The Geomorphology of the Toshka Region and Development Potential |journal=Egyptian Geographical Society |edition=1999}}</ref> Kalmar "toshka" ta ƙunshi kalmomi biyu.<ref name=":3" /> A baya, yankin Toshka ya haɗa da ƙauyuka biyu, ɗaya a gabashin Nilu, "Toshka East" ɗayan kuma a yammacin Nilu, ""Toshka West. " Mazauna sun yi amfani da jiragen Nilu don motsawa tsakanin ƙauyuka guda biyu. Sabbin biyu suna da sunan "Toshka East" da "Tosh ka West".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Salih Al-Nimr |first=Huda |date=2006 |title=The South Valley Development Project (Tushka) between objectives and achievements |journal=Institute of National Planning |language=Egyptian Arabic |edition=2006 |no-pp=}}</ref> An gina sabon birni don tunawa da ƙauyen.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Home - New Toshka City |url=https://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/Toshka/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063957/http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/Toshka/default.aspx |archive-date=12 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=[[New Urban Communities Authority]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Yaƙin Toski === A cikin shekara ta 1889, wani shahararren yaƙi ya faru a yankin Toshka tsakanin yakin Burtaniya da sojojin Jihar Mahdist. Masu juyin juya halin Mahdist sun yi tafiya daga Sudan a karkashin jagorancin Abd al-Rahman al-Nujumi, suna shelar cewa suna kawar da kwarin Nilu daga cin hanci da rashawa na sarakunan Turkiyya da Burtaniya, sun yada bangaskiyar Mahdist zuwa Masar, da kuma 'yantar da Ahmed Orabi daga kurkuku. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Salih Al-Nimr |first=Huda |date=2006 |title=The South Valley Development Project (Tushka) between objectives and achievements |journal=Institute of National Planning |language=Egyptian Arabic |edition=2006 |no-pp=}}</ref> === Babban madatsar ruwa ta Aswan === Babban madatsar ruwan Aswan, wanda aka gina a Misira a 1964-1968, ya haifar da [[Tafkin Nasser]]. An tsara shi tare da matsakaicin matakin ruwa na mita 183 (600 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. A matsayin kariya game da duk wani hauhawar da ba a tsammani a matakin ruwa na Lake Nasser, an gina hanyar zubar da ruwa da tashar a cikin shekara ta 1978. Tashar tana da damar karkatar da ruwa daga tafkin zuwa tafkin Toshka, wanda ke waje da tafkin Nilu. Wannan ƙirar tana sauƙaƙa matsin madatsar ruwa kuma tana kare yankunan da ke ƙasa daga ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. An yi tashar ta hanyar hanyar zubar da ruwa wanda aka haƙa tun daga ''Khor Toshka'' reshe daga Tafkin Nasser kuma ya wuce ta kwarin Toshka a Yammacin Yamma har sai ya haɗu da bakin ciki. === Kafawa === [[Fayil:Toshka_Lakes,_Southern_Egypt_(1008_-_sts088-719-2_lrg).jpg|left|thumb|Kafa tafkin Toshka (Nuwamba 1998).]] A shekara ta 1998, Habasha ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar kogi. Ruwa mai yawa da ke shigowa daga tsaunuka na Habasha ya sanya damuwa a kan kogin Nilu kuma ya sanya shirin kula da ambaliyar ruwa na Babban Dam din Aswan zuwa gwaji. A karo na farko, babban tafkin ya kai matakin mafi girma na mita 183 sama da matakin teku a watan Satumba. An fara fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga Tafkin Nasser ta hanyar cikawa cikin rami a kudancin ƙarshen dutsen Eocene. A lokacin Satumba da Oktoba, kwandon ya sami tsakanin 32 da 98 miliyan cubic mita na ruwa a kowace rana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lakes Form {{!}} EROS |url=https://eros.usgs.gov/media-gallery/earthshot/the-lakes-form |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303071635/https://eros.usgs.gov/media-gallery/earthshot/the-lakes-form |archive-date=2023-03-03 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=eros.usgs.gov}}</ref> Masu tafiyar da sararin samaniya a kan ISS sun fara lura da tafkin farko, mafi gabashin da ke girma a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-12-02 |title=New Lakes in the Egyptian Desert |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/975/new-lakes-in-the-egyptian-desert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303063125/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/975/new-lakes-in-the-egyptian-desert |archive-date=2023-03-03 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1999, ƙarin tabkuna uku sun samo asali a yamma, kuma tafkin da ya fi yamma ya fara samuwa a wani lokaci tsakanin Satumba 2000 da Maris 2001. Wadannan tabkuna ba a riga an sanya musu suna ba. [[Fayil:ToshkaLandsat.jpg|right|thumb|Landsat mosaic of Toshka Lakes (April 2003). False-color image, with bands 7-4-2 assigned to R-G-B.]] An kiyasta cewa a cikin duka, tafkin Toshka ya rufe kusan murabba'in kilomita 1300 (50² mi2). Matakan tabkuna tun daga shekara ta 2006 sun kasance ƙasa da na shekara ta 2001, kuma yankunan da ke da ruwa da yashi sun samo asali tsakanin tsoffin da na yanzu. Wani karamin tafki a cikin manyan tabkuna uku ya bushe gaba daya. Tsawon tafkin ya bambanta tsakanin mita 175 (574 ga wanda ya fi kusa da Tafkin Nasser zuwa mita 144 (472 ga daya mafi nisa.&nbsp; == Manazarta == kg5yse9hwwnvxbswocico0bn3z12tqd 840960 840959 2026-05-28T06:36:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 840960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Toshka Lakes''' (Arabic: بحيرات توشكى, furcin Larabci na Masar: [boħeˈɾæːt ˈtoʃkæ]) shine sunan da aka ba da tabkuna da aka kafa kwanan nan a cikin hamadar Sahara ta Masar . Kasancewarsu ta samo asali ne daga yawan lokaci daga [[Tafkin Nasser]]. Kasancewar bakin ciki ya taimaka wajen kafa Shirin Toshka New Valley, wanda [[Sheikh Zayed Canal]] ya yiwu, wanda ya fara daga tashar famfo ta Mubarak don tada ruwa daga rafin Tafkin Nasser zuwa tashar, kuma manufarsa ita ce bunkasa yankin kudancin kwarin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشروعى توشكى ونرعة السلام وقضية المياه وحق مصر التاريخى |url=http://atef.helals.net/mental_responses/water_resources/page3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414172342/http://atef.helals.net/mental_responses/water_resources/page3.htm |archive-date=2017-04-14 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=atef.helals.net |language=ar}}</ref> == Magana == Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu game da asalin sunan "Tosh''ka''". Na farko shi ne cewa kalmar "toshka" ta ƙunshi sassan biyu: "''''Toshi''''" ko "''tosho''", da "''''ki''''", "ke", ko "ka". "Toshi" shine sunan tsire-tsire, wani nau'in magani wanda ke girma a kwarin, kuma "ki" yana nufin "wurin", "gidan", ko "ƙasar gida" a cikin yaren Nubian na yankin. Toshka gabaɗaya tana nufin "gidan shuka na Ghubeira".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fathi Al-Turkmani |first=Gouda |date=1999 |title=The Geomorphology of the Toshka Region and Development Potential |journal=Egyptian Geographical Society |edition=1999}}</ref> Ra'ayi na biyu, wanda aka fi yarda da shi, shi ne cewa ana kiran tabkuna ne bayan ƙauyen [[Nubians (ƙabila)|Nubian]] (Old Nubian) wanda ya wanzu a yankin har sai ambaliyar ruwa ta cika bayan gina Babban Dam din Aswan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Pierce |first=Richard Holton |date=2017 |title=Nubian Toponyms in Medieval Nubian Sources |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320799637 |journal=Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies |language=en |volume=4 |doi=10.5070/D64110024 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Fathi Al-Turkmani |first=Gouda |date=1999 |title=The Geomorphology of the Toshka Region and Development Potential |journal=Egyptian Geographical Society |edition=1999}}</ref> Kalmar "toshka" ta ƙunshi kalmomi biyu.<ref name=":3" /> A baya, yankin Toshka ya haɗa da ƙauyuka biyu, ɗaya a gabashin Nilu, "Toshka East" ɗayan kuma a yammacin Nilu, ""Toshka West. " Mazauna sun yi amfani da jiragen Nilu don motsawa tsakanin ƙauyuka guda biyu. Sabbin biyu suna da sunan "Toshka East" da "Tosh ka West".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Salih Al-Nimr |first=Huda |date=2006 |title=The South Valley Development Project (Tushka) between objectives and achievements |journal=Institute of National Planning |language=Egyptian Arabic |edition=2006 |no-pp=}}</ref> An gina sabon birni don tunawa da ƙauyen.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Home - New Toshka City |url=https://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/Toshka/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063957/http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/Toshka/default.aspx |archive-date=12 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=[[New Urban Communities Authority]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Yaƙin Toski === A cikin shekara ta 1889, wani shahararren yaƙi ya faru a yankin Toshka tsakanin yakin Burtaniya da sojojin Jihar Mahdist. Masu juyin juya halin Mahdist sun yi tafiya daga Sudan a karkashin jagorancin Abd al-Rahman al-Nujumi, suna shelar cewa suna kawar da kwarin Nilu daga cin hanci da rashawa na sarakunan Turkiyya da Burtaniya, sun yada bangaskiyar Mahdist zuwa Masar, da kuma 'yantar da Ahmed Orabi daga kurkuku. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Salih Al-Nimr |first=Huda |date=2006 |title=The South Valley Development Project (Tushka) between objectives and achievements |journal=Institute of National Planning |language=Egyptian Arabic |edition=2006 |no-pp=}}</ref> === Babban madatsar ruwa ta Aswan === Babban madatsar ruwan Aswan, wanda aka gina a Misira a 1964-1968, ya haifar da [[Tafkin Nasser]]. An tsara shi tare da matsakaicin matakin ruwa na mita 183 (600 sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. A matsayin kariya game da duk wani hauhawar da ba a tsammani a matakin ruwa na Lake Nasser, an gina hanyar zubar da ruwa da tashar a cikin shekara ta 1978. Tashar tana da damar karkatar da ruwa daga tafkin zuwa tafkin Toshka, wanda ke waje da tafkin Nilu. Wannan ƙirar tana sauƙaƙa matsin madatsar ruwa kuma tana kare yankunan da ke ƙasa daga ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. An yi tashar ta hanyar hanyar zubar da ruwa wanda aka haƙa tun daga ''Khor Toshka'' reshe daga Tafkin Nasser kuma ya wuce ta kwarin Toshka a Yammacin Yamma har sai ya haɗu da bakin ciki. === Kafawa === [[Fayil:Toshka_Lakes,_Southern_Egypt_(1008_-_sts088-719-2_lrg).jpg|left|thumb|Kafa tafkin Toshka (Nuwamba 1998).]] A shekara ta 1998, Habasha ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa da ambaliyar kogi. Ruwa mai yawa da ke shigowa daga tsaunuka na Habasha ya sanya damuwa a kan kogin Nilu kuma ya sanya shirin kula da ambaliyar ruwa na Babban Dam din Aswan zuwa gwaji. A karo na farko, babban tafkin ya kai matakin mafi girma na mita 183 sama da matakin teku a watan Satumba. An fara fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga Tafkin Nasser ta hanyar cikawa cikin rami a kudancin ƙarshen dutsen Eocene. A lokacin Satumba da Oktoba, kwandon ya sami tsakanin 32 da 98 miliyan cubic mita na ruwa a kowace rana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lakes Form {{!}} EROS |url=https://eros.usgs.gov/media-gallery/earthshot/the-lakes-form |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303071635/https://eros.usgs.gov/media-gallery/earthshot/the-lakes-form |archive-date=2023-03-03 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=eros.usgs.gov}}</ref> Masu tafiyar da sararin samaniya a kan ISS sun fara lura da tafkin farko, mafi gabashin da ke girma a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-12-02 |title=New Lakes in the Egyptian Desert |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/975/new-lakes-in-the-egyptian-desert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303063125/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/975/new-lakes-in-the-egyptian-desert |archive-date=2023-03-03 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1999, ƙarin tabkuna uku sun samo asali a yamma, kuma tafkin da ya fi yamma ya fara samuwa a wani lokaci tsakanin Satumba 2000 da Maris 2001. Wadannan tabkuna ba a riga an sanya musu suna ba. [[Fayil:ToshkaLandsat.jpg|right|thumb|Landsat mosaic of Toshka Lakes (April 2003). False-color image, with bands 7-4-2 assigned to R-G-B.]] An kiyasta cewa a cikin duka, tafkin Toshka ya rufe kusan murabba'in kilomita 1300 (50² mi2). Matakan tabkuna tun daga shekara ta 2006 sun kasance ƙasa da na shekara ta 2001, kuma yankunan da ke da ruwa da yashi sun samo asali tsakanin tsoffin da na yanzu. Wani karamin tafki a cikin manyan tabkuna uku ya bushe gaba daya. Tsawon tafkin ya bambanta tsakanin mita 175 (574 ga wanda ya fi kusa da Tafkin Nasser zuwa mita 144 (472 ga daya mafi nisa.&nbsp; == Manazarta == qq0674ttc7dnjt5bzyg5hvi1yrgry8x 0 152509 840961 2026-05-28T06:37:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356450445|Abu Simbel]]" 840961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abu Simbel''' wani wuri ne na tarihi wanda ya ƙunshi manyan haikali biyu da aka sassaka da duwatsu a ƙauyen Abu Simbel ( Arabic ), Gundumar Aswan, Babban Masar, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Sudan]] . Tana kan gabar yamma ta [[tafkin Nasser]], kimanin {{Convert|230|km}} kudu maso yammacin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] (kimanin {{Convert|300|km}} ta hanya). Nisa tsakaninsa da 22° 20′ 13″ N (22.3369 °N) shine 1.0978°, wanda shine kilomita 122 (75.8 ml), kudu da yankin zafi na Ciwon daji . An zana haikalin tagwaye ne daga gefen dutse a karni na 13 BC, a lokacin mulkin Daular 19 na [[Fir'auna]] Ramesses II. Manyan siffofin dutsen su na waje na Ramesses II sun zama sananne. Matarsa, Nefertari, da yara ana iya ganin su a cikin ƙananan adadi ta ƙafafunsa. Hotuna a cikin Babban Haikali suna tunawa da jagorancin jaruntaka na Ramesses II a Yaƙin Kadesh. An sake komawa hadaddun gaba ɗaya a cikin 1968 zuwa ƙasa mafi girma don kauce wa [[Tafkin Nasser]], tafkin Aswan Dam ya mamaye shi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Yakin Kasa da Kasa don Ceton Abubuwan Tarihi na Nubia, an yi wani tudun wucin gadi daga wani tsari mai rufi don gidan Haikali na Abu Simbel, a ƙarƙashin kulawar masanin binciken kayan tarihi na Poland, [[Kazimierz Michałowski]], daga Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Poland ta Jami'ar Warsaw<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Abu Simbel |url=https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/2019/12/11/abu-simbel-2/ |access-date=2020-08-05 |website=pcma.uw.edu.pl}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88 |access-date=2018-02-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Gine-gine === A lokacin mulkinsa, Ramesses II ya fara wani babban shiri na gina gidaje a duk faɗin Masar da Nubia, waɗanda Masar ke iko da su. A matsayinsa na babban tushen zinare da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja na kasuwanci, Nubia tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Masarawa. Saboda haka ya gina manyan haikali da dama domin ya burge ƙarfin Nubiyawan Masar da kuma mayar da mutanen Nubia Masar.<ref name="Hawass">{{Cite book|last3=Zahi Hawass}}</ref> Mafi shaharar haikali su ne haikali da aka sassaka da duwatsu kusa da ƙauyen Abu Simbel na zamani, a Cataract na Kogin Na Biyu, iyakar da ke tsakanin Lower Nubia da Upper Nubia. <ref name="Hawass" /> Akwai haikali guda biyu, Babban Haikali, wanda aka keɓe wa Ramesses II da kansa, da kuma Ƙaramin Haikali, wanda aka keɓe wa babbar matarsa Sarauniya Nefertari . === Belzoni ya buɗe Babban Haikali === Bayan 'yan watanni daga baya a farkon Satumba 1816, mai binciken Italiya Giovanni Belzoni ya isa, bayan ya ji labarin shafin daga Burckhardt. Ya rubuta cewa Babban Haikali ya gabatar da kawai 'wani adadi mai girma, tare da kai da kafadu kawai suna fitowa daga yashi. "Ya sami damar shawo kan sheikh cewa tsabar kudi suna da darajar kuma ya amince da farashin piastres biyu a rana ga kowane mutum don aiki a shafin. Belzoni ya yi nasarar fallasa adadi a kan ƙofar Babban Haikali, da kuma kai da kafadu na arewa maso tsakiya na Ramesses II, kafin ya watsar da ƙoƙarin share duk wani yashi saboda rashin abinci da kuɗi don biyan Nubians na gida.<ref name="GBB">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Giovanni Battista Belzoni |url=https://www.ancient-egypt.co.uk/people/pages/belzoni.htm |access-date=2 October 2025 |website=Ancient Egypt and Archaeology Web Site}}</ref> Tare da goyon bayan Janar-Janar na Masar Henry Salt, Belzoni ya koma a watan Yunin 1817 zuwa Abu Simbel tare da Henry William Beechey, kyaftin din Royal Navy Charles Leonard Irby da James Mangles, ma'aikata biyu, da kuma Italiyanci Giovanni Finati (wanda aka fi sani da Muhammadu), wanda Salt ya ba su bashi; wanda abin da Belzoni ya dauka a wasu lokuta a matsayin ma'aikatan matsala na bakwai. Bayan aiki na kwanaki 22, shi da jam'iyyarsa sun sami damar shiga Babban Haikali a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1817. <ref name="GBB" /> Finati ya bayyana taron:<blockquote>"Bayan ci gaba da waɗannan ƙoƙari da sauye-sauye a cikin makonni uku, kusurwar ƙofar kanta a ƙarshe ta zama bayyane. A wannan lokacin, yayin da sabbin kukan da sabbin rikice-rikice ke ci gaba tare da ma'aikatanmu, kuma hankalin duk abin da ya janye hankalinsu, ni, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta na jam'iyyar, ba tare da wata kalma ba, ya shiga cikin ciki, kuma ya kasance na farko da ya shiga ciki, watakila, ba kamar yadda duk da sauran koguna a ciki ba, ba, ba tare, ya cika, duk da haka ya zama kamar yadda ya cika, kamar yadda ya kasance mai sanyi ba, kamar yadda yake, kamar yadda babu.</blockquote> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == Haikali sun bayyana a fim din 1978 Death on the Nile wanda ya danganta da littafin [[Agatha Christie]] mai suna. Haikali kuma sun bayyana a fim din 2001 The Mummy Returns a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar zuwa Ahm-Shere . == Manazarta == 1mmjw3jj5vfojo05euvzpsc2b9qg0tq 840962 840961 2026-05-28T06:38:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 840962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu Simbel''' wani wuri ne na tarihi wanda ya ƙunshi manyan haikali biyu da aka sassaka da duwatsu a ƙauyen Abu Simbel ( Arabic ), Gundumar Aswan, Babban Masar, kusa da kan iyaka da [[Sudan]] . Tana kan gabar yamma ta [[tafkin Nasser]], kimanin {{Convert|230|km}} kudu maso yammacin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] (kimanin {{Convert|300|km}} ta hanya). Nisa tsakaninsa da 22° 20′ 13″ N (22.3369 °N) shine 1.0978°, wanda shine kilomita 122 (75.8 ml), kudu da yankin zafi na Ciwon daji . An zana haikalin tagwaye ne daga gefen dutse a karni na 13 BC, a lokacin mulkin Daular 19 na [[Fir'auna]] Ramesses II. Manyan siffofin dutsen su na waje na Ramesses II sun zama sananne. Matarsa, Nefertari, da yara ana iya ganin su a cikin ƙananan adadi ta ƙafafunsa. Hotuna a cikin Babban Haikali suna tunawa da jagorancin jaruntaka na Ramesses II a Yaƙin Kadesh. An sake komawa hadaddun gaba ɗaya a cikin 1968 zuwa ƙasa mafi girma don kauce wa [[Tafkin Nasser]], tafkin Aswan Dam ya mamaye shi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Yakin Kasa da Kasa don Ceton Abubuwan Tarihi na Nubia, an yi wani tudun wucin gadi daga wani tsari mai rufi don gidan Haikali na Abu Simbel, a ƙarƙashin kulawar masanin binciken kayan tarihi na Poland, [[Kazimierz Michałowski]], daga Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Poland ta Jami'ar Warsaw<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Abu Simbel |url=https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/2019/12/11/abu-simbel-2/ |access-date=2020-08-05 |website=pcma.uw.edu.pl}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88 |access-date=2018-02-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Gine-gine === A lokacin mulkinsa, Ramesses II ya fara wani babban shiri na gina gidaje a duk faɗin Masar da Nubia, waɗanda Masar ke iko da su. A matsayinsa na babban tushen zinare da sauran kayayyaki masu daraja na kasuwanci, Nubia tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Masarawa. Saboda haka ya gina manyan haikali da dama domin ya burge ƙarfin Nubiyawan Masar da kuma mayar da mutanen Nubia Masar.<ref name="Hawass">{{Cite book|last3=Zahi Hawass}}</ref> Mafi shaharar haikali su ne haikali da aka sassaka da duwatsu kusa da ƙauyen Abu Simbel na zamani, a Cataract na Kogin Na Biyu, iyakar da ke tsakanin Lower Nubia da Upper Nubia. <ref name="Hawass" /> Akwai haikali guda biyu, Babban Haikali, wanda aka keɓe wa Ramesses II da kansa, da kuma Ƙaramin Haikali, wanda aka keɓe wa babbar matarsa Sarauniya Nefertari . === Belzoni ya buɗe Babban Haikali === Bayan 'yan watanni daga baya a farkon Satumba 1816, mai binciken Italiya Giovanni Belzoni ya isa, bayan ya ji labarin shafin daga Burckhardt. Ya rubuta cewa Babban Haikali ya gabatar da kawai 'wani adadi mai girma, tare da kai da kafadu kawai suna fitowa daga yashi. "Ya sami damar shawo kan sheikh cewa tsabar kudi suna da darajar kuma ya amince da farashin piastres biyu a rana ga kowane mutum don aiki a shafin. Belzoni ya yi nasarar fallasa adadi a kan ƙofar Babban Haikali, da kuma kai da kafadu na arewa maso tsakiya na Ramesses II, kafin ya watsar da ƙoƙarin share duk wani yashi saboda rashin abinci da kuɗi don biyan Nubians na gida.<ref name="GBB">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Giovanni Battista Belzoni |url=https://www.ancient-egypt.co.uk/people/pages/belzoni.htm |access-date=2 October 2025 |website=Ancient Egypt and Archaeology Web Site}}</ref> Tare da goyon bayan Janar-Janar na Masar Henry Salt, Belzoni ya koma a watan Yunin 1817 zuwa Abu Simbel tare da Henry William Beechey, kyaftin din Royal Navy Charles Leonard Irby da James Mangles, ma'aikata biyu, da kuma Italiyanci Giovanni Finati (wanda aka fi sani da Muhammadu), wanda Salt ya ba su bashi; wanda abin da Belzoni ya dauka a wasu lokuta a matsayin ma'aikatan matsala na bakwai. Bayan aiki na kwanaki 22, shi da jam'iyyarsa sun sami damar shiga Babban Haikali a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1817. <ref name="GBB" /> Finati ya bayyana taron:<blockquote>"Bayan ci gaba da waɗannan ƙoƙari da sauye-sauye a cikin makonni uku, kusurwar ƙofar kanta a ƙarshe ta zama bayyane. A wannan lokacin, yayin da sabbin kukan da sabbin rikice-rikice ke ci gaba tare da ma'aikatanmu, kuma hankalin duk abin da ya janye hankalinsu, ni, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta na jam'iyyar, ba tare da wata kalma ba, ya shiga cikin ciki, kuma ya kasance na farko da ya shiga ciki, watakila, ba kamar yadda duk da sauran koguna a ciki ba, ba, ba tare, ya cika, duk da haka ya zama kamar yadda ya cika, kamar yadda ya kasance mai sanyi ba, kamar yadda yake, kamar yadda babu.</blockquote> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == Haikali sun bayyana a fim din 1978 Death on the Nile wanda ya danganta da littafin [[Agatha Christie]] mai suna. Haikali kuma sun bayyana a fim din 2001 The Mummy Returns a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar zuwa Ahm-Shere . == Manazarta == lxogveuuo9a6ckckgysuj7co6qg12fw 0 152510 840963 2026-05-28T06:38:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316002482|Korosko]]" 840963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Korosko''' wani yanki ne a kan [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] a Nubia ta Masar . Tana da nisan mil 118 (190 a kudancin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] kuma ta zama wurin tashi ga masu tafiya da ke guje wa karkatar da [[Dongola]] a cikin kogi ta hanyar bugawa kai tsaye a fadin hamada zuwa Abu Hamad kuma ta haka ne ta wucewa ta biyu, ta uku da ta huɗu na Nilu. An yi amfani da "hanyar Korosko" ko "hanyarKorosoko" a lokacin Sabon Masarautar (1550-1077 BC), lokacin da Fir'auna Thutmose I da Thutmosis III suka sanya shi da stelae na iyaka. A lokacin Meroitic shine babban haɗin tsakanin Masarautar Kush da duniyar Bahar Rum.<ref>Richard Lobban, Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia (Scarecrow Press, 2004), p. 233</ref> Wadi Halfa ne kawai ya maye gurbin Korosko a wannan aikin bayan gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta Sudan a cikin shekarun 1890 a cikin Mahdi War . Kodayake hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta yi amfani da ma'auni daban kuma ba a haɗa ta da Tsarin Masar ba, hanyoyin sadarwar biyu an haɗa su kai tsaye ta Jirgin ruwa kuma Korosko, tsakanin su, ya ragu da muhimmanci. [[Tafkin Nasser]] ya mamaye tsohon wurinsa bayan kammala Aswan High Dam. == Dubi kuma == * Bala'in Korosko, wani labari na Arthur Conan Doyle == Manazarta == bgi249svlbuqksb48hs4k9rf9m1aqd9 840964 840963 2026-05-28T06:39:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 840964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Korosko''' wani yanki ne a kan [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] a Nubia ta Masar . Tana da nisan mil 118 (190 a kudancin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] kuma ta zama wurin tashi ga masu tafiya da ke guje wa karkatar da [[Dongola]] a cikin kogi ta hanyar bugawa kai tsaye a fadin hamada zuwa Abu Hamad kuma ta haka ne ta wucewa ta biyu, ta uku da ta huɗu na Nilu. An yi amfani da "hanyar Korosko" ko "hanyarKorosoko" a lokacin Sabon Masarautar (1550-1077 BC), lokacin da Fir'auna Thutmose I da Thutmosis III suka sanya shi da stelae na iyaka. A lokacin Meroitic shine babban haɗin tsakanin Masarautar Kush da duniyar Bahar Rum.<ref>Richard Lobban, Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia (Scarecrow Press, 2004), p. 233</ref> Wadi Halfa ne kawai ya maye gurbin Korosko a wannan aikin bayan gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta Sudan a cikin shekarun 1890 a cikin Mahdi War . Kodayake hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta yi amfani da ma'auni daban kuma ba a haɗa ta da Tsarin Masar ba, hanyoyin sadarwar biyu an haɗa su kai tsaye ta Jirgin ruwa kuma Korosko, tsakanin su, ya ragu da muhimmanci. [[Tafkin Nasser]] ya mamaye tsohon wurinsa bayan kammala Aswan High Dam. == Dubi kuma == * Bala'in Korosko, wani labari na Arthur Conan Doyle == Manazarta == nf146t3ve3fgfmws0ttw0sueu63fjap 0 152511 840965 2026-05-28T06:40:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1234478694|Mirgissa]]" 840965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mirgissa_Fortress.jpg|thumb|Mirgissa, Ginin Masar na dā a yankin Wadi Halfa, kafin ya nitse saboda babban madatsar ruwan Masar]] '''Mirgissa''' (asalin '''Iken''') wani yanki ne a Jihar Arewa, [[Sudan]] . Ya kasance a 2nd cataract a Wadi Halfa, yana dauke da daya daga cikin manyan sansanoni a Nubia. A lokacin Thutmose II, mutane 250 zuwa 450 ne suka zauna a yankin. Mai binciken Turanci na farko shi ne masanin ilimin ƙasa na Ingila Sir Henry George Lyons a cikin 1892, kuma masanin kimiyyar Masar na Faransa Jean Vercoutter ne ya tono shi ba tare da izinin Sudan ba daga 1962 zuwa 1969. Baya ga sansanin, tonowa sun gano ragowar birane biyu, daya daga cikinsu an tsare shi, wani shinge na arewa, makabarta biyu, jirgin ruwa, da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Babban Dam na Aswan ya haifar da bacewar Mirgissa, wanda yanzu yake ƙarƙashin ruwan [[Tafkin Nasser|Tafkin Nubia]].<ref>Ben-Tor, Daphna (2007). Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections: Egypt and Palestine in the Second Intermediate Period. Saint-Paul. pp. 56–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-7278-1593-5</nowiki>. Retrieved 14 August 2012</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Matafiya daga arewa da suka isa Abusir dole ne su bar jiragensu kuma su kewaye 2nd cataract don isa Mirgissa. Yana da nisan mita 300 (91 daga tashar jiragen ruwa, inda jiragen ruwa daga kudu zasu iya tsayawa cikin ruwa mai natsuwa, saurin ruwa yana hana su ci gaba da tafiyarsu zuwa arewa. Matsayinta mai tsawo ya ba da damar masu tsaron gida su lura da motsi na sojoji na mil a kusa. == Tarihi == Har ma kafin babban sansanin, akwai wani gari a Mirgissa . Ya ci gaba da zama tashar iyaka da cibiyar kasuwanci; ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin wurin kula da kogi a 2nd cataract. Kasuwancin yankin ya samo asali ne daga 7500 KZ kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar shaidar da aka samu a Akha, wani muhimmin shafin Neolithic da ke da nisan mita ɗari a gabashin babban sansanin. An sami manyan kayan aikin dutse, tun daga 3500 KZ, a wurare da yawa na fili. Sun nuna cewa an mallaki Mirgissa a Zamanin Mesolithic. Amma aikin ya kasance a mafi girma a lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya da Lokaci na Biyu na Tsakiya na [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira ta dā]], kuma zuwa ƙarami, a lokacin Sabon Masarautar. Duk da yake Senusret I mai yiwuwa ya kafa wurin kariya a cikin arewacin, babban sansanin yafi aikin Senusret III. An gano wani dutse, wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 8 na mulkin Senusret III, kusa da sansanin Semna. Rubutun sa ya jaddada muhimmancin tattalin arzikin Mirgissa. Fassarar ta ta ce: : "Yankin kudancin da aka yi a shekara ta 8 a ƙarƙashin ubangijin Sarkin Upper da Lower Egypt Khakaure (yana iya rayuwa har abada) don hana shi wucewa ta Nubian da ke tafiya zuwa arewa ta ƙasa ko a cikin kai-boat da kuma duk wani dabba na Nubians, ban da Nubian wanda zai zo zirga-zirga a Mirgissa ko a ofishin jakadancin, ko kuma a kan duk wani al'amari da za a yi da su; amma za a hana shi ga kowane kai-boats na Nubiyawa zuwa arewa. A lokacin Daular ta goma sha biyu, ta yi aiki a matsayin tashar kwastam don tafiye-tafiye zuwa arewa zuwa Masar. Lokaci mafi tsananin zama ya kasance daga Daular goma sha uku sannan kuma zamanin Hyksos, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da adadi mai yawa na kwari da aka samu a wurin. An sake mamaye babban sansanin a lokacin Daular goma sha takwas, sannan ya biyo bayan raguwa sosai har zuwa Daular ashirin. An shagaltar da shi a lokacin zamanin Meroitic, watsi da shafin ya kasance na ƙarshe a farkon zamanin Kirista. ; Birni Birnin Mirgissa da aka bude ya riga ya kasance garkuwa. Yana da nisan kilomita 1 (0.62 arewa maso gabashin babban sansanin, ya shimfiɗa sama da mita 75,000 (810,000 sq . A farkon ci gabanta, an kare birnin da bango na dutse mai kauri 1 mita ( 3 in), kodayake yankin zama daga baya ya bazu a waje da ɓangaren bangon. Dangane da kayan tarihi daban-daban da aka tono a shafin, kamar kwalba, dutse, gurasar burodi, kofuna na giya, da faranti, birnin ya bayyana cewa yawan mutanen Masar ne suka mamaye shi a lokacin Daular Tsakiya da Lokacin Tsakiya na Biyu. Daga cikin tsofaffin gidaje biyu da aka tono, na farko an kewaye shi da bango na tubali, yayin da na biyu, hutun dutse, yafi rectangular duk da cewa yana dauke da abubuwa masu zagaye. == Ginin Ƙasa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-Pl.8.jpg|right|thumb|Ganuwar babban sansanin da hasumiyoyi misalai ne na gine-ginen Masar na dā.]] Babban sansanin ya mamaye yammacin Wadi. [[Fir'auna]] na Masarautar Tsakiya ne suka gina shi don kare iyakarsu ta kudu da kuma kula da hanyoyin kasuwanci da suka ratsa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] daga Sudan da Afirka. Daga dabarun da kasuwanci, Mirgissa yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake tabbatar da musayar tattalin arziki tsakanin Masarautar Kush da Masar. Tare da [[Dabenarti]], wanda ke kan tsibirin dutse wanda ke auna kilomita 2.5 (0.97 sq , sansanonin biyu sun kafa shingen don hana mamayewa daga kudu. A lokacin tonowa, kawai tushe ya kasance na ƙaramin sansanin Dabenarti, wanda ya kasance daga Daular goma sha biyu, manufarsa ita ce kare tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen kasa da ke kudancin ƙarshen The Boat Slide. An watsar da babban sansanin a lokacin mulkin Neferhotep I. == Tashar jiragen ruwa da jirgin ruwa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-p.206.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin ruwa]] A lokacin tonowa, 'yan alamun tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance a bayyane, mai yiwuwa saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta musamman. Koyaya, balaguron Faransanci ya gano ragowar hanyar jirgin ruwa, sama da kilomita 2 (1.2 a tsawon. Ya kai ga tashar jiragen ruwa a kudu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin zane don jawo jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke son wucewa ta 2nd cataract. Ya ƙunshi katako na katako da aka saita a cikin laka kuma ya shimfiɗa yadudduka, yana da ƙasa sosai don yayyafa yumɓu kuma ya sa ya zama mai santsi sosai, don haka rage rikici tsakanin jirgin ruwa da waƙa. ns4pr132k6fcbk6u4s4ishstf0at8i1 840966 840965 2026-05-28T06:40:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 840966 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mirgissa_Fortress.jpg|thumb|Mirgissa, Ginin Masar na dā a yankin Wadi Halfa, kafin ya nitse saboda babban madatsar ruwan Masar]] '''Mirgissa''' (asalin '''Iken''') wani yanki ne a Jihar Arewa, [[Sudan]] . Ya kasance a 2nd cataract a Wadi Halfa, yana dauke da daya daga cikin manyan sansanoni a Nubia. A lokacin Thutmose II, mutane 250 zuwa 450 ne suka zauna a yankin. Mai binciken Turanci na farko shi ne masanin ilimin ƙasa na Ingila Sir Henry George Lyons a cikin 1892, kuma masanin kimiyyar Masar na Faransa Jean Vercoutter ne ya tono shi ba tare da izinin Sudan ba daga 1962 zuwa 1969. Baya ga sansanin, tonowa sun gano ragowar birane biyu, daya daga cikinsu an tsare shi, wani shinge na arewa, makabarta biyu, jirgin ruwa, da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Babban Dam na Aswan ya haifar da bacewar Mirgissa, wanda yanzu yake ƙarƙashin ruwan [[Tafkin Nasser|Tafkin Nubia]].<ref>Ben-Tor, Daphna (2007). Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections: Egypt and Palestine in the Second Intermediate Period. Saint-Paul. pp. 56–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-7278-1593-5</nowiki>. Retrieved 14 August 2012</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Matafiya daga arewa da suka isa Abusir dole ne su bar jiragensu kuma su kewaye 2nd cataract don isa Mirgissa. Yana da nisan mita 300 (91 daga tashar jiragen ruwa, inda jiragen ruwa daga kudu zasu iya tsayawa cikin ruwa mai natsuwa, saurin ruwa yana hana su ci gaba da tafiyarsu zuwa arewa. Matsayinta mai tsawo ya ba da damar masu tsaron gida su lura da motsi na sojoji na mil a kusa. == Tarihi == Har ma kafin babban sansanin, akwai wani gari a Mirgissa . Ya ci gaba da zama tashar iyaka da cibiyar kasuwanci; ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin wurin kula da kogi a 2nd cataract. Kasuwancin yankin ya samo asali ne daga 7500 KZ kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar shaidar da aka samu a Akha, wani muhimmin shafin Neolithic da ke da nisan mita ɗari a gabashin babban sansanin. An sami manyan kayan aikin dutse, tun daga 3500 KZ, a wurare da yawa na fili. Sun nuna cewa an mallaki Mirgissa a Zamanin Mesolithic. Amma aikin ya kasance a mafi girma a lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya da Lokaci na Biyu na Tsakiya na [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira ta dā]], kuma zuwa ƙarami, a lokacin Sabon Masarautar. Duk da yake Senusret I mai yiwuwa ya kafa wurin kariya a cikin arewacin, babban sansanin yafi aikin Senusret III. An gano wani dutse, wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 8 na mulkin Senusret III, kusa da sansanin Semna. Rubutun sa ya jaddada muhimmancin tattalin arzikin Mirgissa. Fassarar ta ta ce: : "Yankin kudancin da aka yi a shekara ta 8 a ƙarƙashin ubangijin Sarkin Upper da Lower Egypt Khakaure (yana iya rayuwa har abada) don hana shi wucewa ta Nubian da ke tafiya zuwa arewa ta ƙasa ko a cikin kai-boat da kuma duk wani dabba na Nubians, ban da Nubian wanda zai zo zirga-zirga a Mirgissa ko a ofishin jakadancin, ko kuma a kan duk wani al'amari da za a yi da su; amma za a hana shi ga kowane kai-boats na Nubiyawa zuwa arewa. A lokacin Daular ta goma sha biyu, ta yi aiki a matsayin tashar kwastam don tafiye-tafiye zuwa arewa zuwa Masar. Lokaci mafi tsananin zama ya kasance daga Daular goma sha uku sannan kuma zamanin Hyksos, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da adadi mai yawa na kwari da aka samu a wurin. An sake mamaye babban sansanin a lokacin Daular goma sha takwas, sannan ya biyo bayan raguwa sosai har zuwa Daular ashirin. An shagaltar da shi a lokacin zamanin Meroitic, watsi da shafin ya kasance na ƙarshe a farkon zamanin Kirista. ; Birni Birnin Mirgissa da aka bude ya riga ya kasance garkuwa. Yana da nisan kilomita 1 (0.62 arewa maso gabashin babban sansanin, ya shimfiɗa sama da mita 75,000 (810,000 sq . A farkon ci gabanta, an kare birnin da bango na dutse mai kauri 1 mita ( 3 in), kodayake yankin zama daga baya ya bazu a waje da ɓangaren bangon. Dangane da kayan tarihi daban-daban da aka tono a shafin, kamar kwalba, dutse, gurasar burodi, kofuna na giya, da faranti, birnin ya bayyana cewa yawan mutanen Masar ne suka mamaye shi a lokacin Daular Tsakiya da Lokacin Tsakiya na Biyu. Daga cikin tsofaffin gidaje biyu da aka tono, na farko an kewaye shi da bango na tubali, yayin da na biyu, hutun dutse, yafi rectangular duk da cewa yana dauke da abubuwa masu zagaye. == Ginin Ƙasa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-Pl.8.jpg|right|thumb|Ganuwar babban sansanin da hasumiyoyi misalai ne na gine-ginen Masar na dā.]] Babban sansanin ya mamaye yammacin Wadi. [[Fir'auna]] na Masarautar Tsakiya ne suka gina shi don kare iyakarsu ta kudu da kuma kula da hanyoyin kasuwanci da suka ratsa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] daga Sudan da Afirka. Daga dabarun da kasuwanci, Mirgissa yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake tabbatar da musayar tattalin arziki tsakanin Masarautar Kush da Masar. Tare da [[Dabenarti]], wanda ke kan tsibirin dutse wanda ke auna kilomita 2.5 (0.97 sq , sansanonin biyu sun kafa shingen don hana mamayewa daga kudu. A lokacin tonowa, kawai tushe ya kasance na ƙaramin sansanin Dabenarti, wanda ya kasance daga Daular goma sha biyu, manufarsa ita ce kare tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen kasa da ke kudancin ƙarshen The Boat Slide. An watsar da babban sansanin a lokacin mulkin Neferhotep I. == Tashar jiragen ruwa da jirgin ruwa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-p.206.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin ruwa]] A lokacin tonowa, 'yan alamun tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance a bayyane, mai yiwuwa saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta musamman. Koyaya, balaguron Faransanci ya gano ragowar hanyar jirgin ruwa, sama da kilomita 2 (1.2 a tsawon. Ya kai ga tashar jiragen ruwa a kudu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin zane don jawo jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke son wucewa ta 2nd cataract. Ya ƙunshi katako na katako da aka saita a cikin laka kuma ya shimfiɗa yadudduka, yana da ƙasa sosai don yayyafa yumɓu kuma ya sa ya zama mai santsi sosai, don haka rage rikici tsakanin jirgin ruwa da waƙa. == Manazarta == 6c8gdge1dddk3p50ltw8i2i84zmw057 840967 840966 2026-05-28T06:40:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 840967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Mirgissa_Fortress.jpg|thumb|Mirgissa, Ginin Masar na dā a yankin Wadi Halfa, kafin ya nitse saboda babban madatsar ruwan Masar]] '''Mirgissa''' (asalin '''Iken''') wani yanki ne a Jihar Arewa, [[Sudan]] . Ya kasance a 2nd cataract a Wadi Halfa, yana dauke da daya daga cikin manyan sansanoni a Nubia. A lokacin Thutmose II, mutane 250 zuwa 450 ne suka zauna a yankin. Mai binciken Turanci na farko shi ne masanin ilimin ƙasa na Ingila Sir Henry George Lyons a cikin 1892, kuma masanin kimiyyar Masar na Faransa Jean Vercoutter ne ya tono shi ba tare da izinin Sudan ba daga 1962 zuwa 1969. Baya ga sansanin, tonowa sun gano ragowar birane biyu, daya daga cikinsu an tsare shi, wani shinge na arewa, makabarta biyu, jirgin ruwa, da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ginin Babban Dam na Aswan ya haifar da bacewar Mirgissa, wanda yanzu yake ƙarƙashin ruwan [[Tafkin Nasser|Tafkin Nubia]].<ref>Ben-Tor, Daphna (2007). Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections: Egypt and Palestine in the Second Intermediate Period. Saint-Paul. pp. 56–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-7278-1593-5</nowiki>. Retrieved 14 August 2012</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Matafiya daga arewa da suka isa Abusir dole ne su bar jiragensu kuma su kewaye 2nd cataract don isa Mirgissa. Yana da nisan mita 300 (91 daga tashar jiragen ruwa, inda jiragen ruwa daga kudu zasu iya tsayawa cikin ruwa mai natsuwa, saurin ruwa yana hana su ci gaba da tafiyarsu zuwa arewa. Matsayinta mai tsawo ya ba da damar masu tsaron gida su lura da motsi na sojoji na mil a kusa. == Tarihi == Har ma kafin babban sansanin, akwai wani gari a Mirgissa . Ya ci gaba da zama tashar iyaka da cibiyar kasuwanci; ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin wurin kula da kogi a 2nd cataract. Kasuwancin yankin ya samo asali ne daga 7500 KZ kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar shaidar da aka samu a Akha, wani muhimmin shafin Neolithic da ke da nisan mita ɗari a gabashin babban sansanin. An sami manyan kayan aikin dutse, tun daga 3500 KZ, a wurare da yawa na fili. Sun nuna cewa an mallaki Mirgissa a Zamanin Mesolithic. Amma aikin ya kasance a mafi girma a lokacin Masarautar Tsakiya da Lokaci na Biyu na Tsakiya na [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira ta dā]], kuma zuwa ƙarami, a lokacin Sabon Masarautar. Duk da yake Senusret I mai yiwuwa ya kafa wurin kariya a cikin arewacin, babban sansanin yafi aikin Senusret III. An gano wani dutse, wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 8 na mulkin Senusret III, kusa da sansanin Semna. Rubutun sa ya jaddada muhimmancin tattalin arzikin Mirgissa. Fassarar ta ta ce: : "Yankin kudancin da aka yi a shekara ta 8 a ƙarƙashin ubangijin Sarkin Upper da Lower Egypt Khakaure (yana iya rayuwa har abada) don hana shi wucewa ta Nubian da ke tafiya zuwa arewa ta ƙasa ko a cikin kai-boat da kuma duk wani dabba na Nubians, ban da Nubian wanda zai zo zirga-zirga a Mirgissa ko a ofishin jakadancin, ko kuma a kan duk wani al'amari da za a yi da su; amma za a hana shi ga kowane kai-boats na Nubiyawa zuwa arewa. A lokacin Daular ta goma sha biyu, ta yi aiki a matsayin tashar kwastam don tafiye-tafiye zuwa arewa zuwa Masar. Lokaci mafi tsananin zama ya kasance daga Daular goma sha uku sannan kuma zamanin Hyksos, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da adadi mai yawa na kwari da aka samu a wurin. An sake mamaye babban sansanin a lokacin Daular goma sha takwas, sannan ya biyo bayan raguwa sosai har zuwa Daular ashirin. An shagaltar da shi a lokacin zamanin Meroitic, watsi da shafin ya kasance na ƙarshe a farkon zamanin Kirista. ; Birni Birnin Mirgissa da aka bude ya riga ya kasance garkuwa. Yana da nisan kilomita 1 (0.62 arewa maso gabashin babban sansanin, ya shimfiɗa sama da mita 75,000 (810,000 sq . A farkon ci gabanta, an kare birnin da bango na dutse mai kauri 1 mita ( 3 in), kodayake yankin zama daga baya ya bazu a waje da ɓangaren bangon. Dangane da kayan tarihi daban-daban da aka tono a shafin, kamar kwalba, dutse, gurasar burodi, kofuna na giya, da faranti, birnin ya bayyana cewa yawan mutanen Masar ne suka mamaye shi a lokacin Daular Tsakiya da Lokacin Tsakiya na Biyu. Daga cikin tsofaffin gidaje biyu da aka tono, na farko an kewaye shi da bango na tubali, yayin da na biyu, hutun dutse, yafi rectangular duk da cewa yana dauke da abubuwa masu zagaye. == Ginin Ƙasa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-Pl.8.jpg|right|thumb|Ganuwar babban sansanin da hasumiyoyi misalai ne na gine-ginen Masar na dā.]] Babban sansanin ya mamaye yammacin Wadi. [[Fir'auna]] na Masarautar Tsakiya ne suka gina shi don kare iyakarsu ta kudu da kuma kula da hanyoyin kasuwanci da suka ratsa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] daga Sudan da Afirka. Daga dabarun da kasuwanci, Mirgissa yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake tabbatar da musayar tattalin arziki tsakanin Masarautar Kush da Masar. Tare da [[Dabenarti]], wanda ke kan tsibirin dutse wanda ke auna kilomita 2.5 (0.97 sq , sansanonin biyu sun kafa shingen don hana mamayewa daga kudu. A lokacin tonowa, kawai tushe ya kasance na ƙaramin sansanin Dabenarti, wanda ya kasance daga Daular goma sha biyu, manufarsa ita ce kare tashar jiragen ruwa da tashar jiragen kasa da ke kudancin ƙarshen The Boat Slide. An watsar da babban sansanin a lokacin mulkin Neferhotep I. == Tashar jiragen ruwa da jirgin ruwa == [[Fayil:Mirgissa-fort-p.206.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin ruwa]] A lokacin tonowa, 'yan alamun tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance a bayyane, mai yiwuwa saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta musamman. Koyaya, balaguron Faransanci ya gano ragowar hanyar jirgin ruwa, sama da kilomita 2 (1.2 a tsawon. Ya kai ga tashar jiragen ruwa a kudu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin zane don jawo jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke son wucewa ta 2nd cataract. Ya ƙunshi katako na katako da aka saita a cikin laka kuma ya shimfiɗa yadudduka, yana da ƙasa sosai don yayyafa yumɓu kuma ya sa ya zama mai santsi sosai, don haka rage rikici tsakanin jirgin ruwa da waƙa. == Manazarta == th5siz3cd9ez9hefnd2ce0tvf8696ru 0 152512 840968 2026-05-28T06:41:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333187657|The Winter Vault]]" 840968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TheWinterVault.jpg|thumb|Buga na farko (publ. McClelland &amp;amp; Stewart) ]] The Winter Vault shine littafin marubucin Kanada Anne Michaels na biyu.<ref>Hayward, Steven (4 April 2009). "The Winter Vault, by Anne Michaels". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 17 February 2023.</ref> == Tarihi == Michaels ta fara rubuta The Winter Vault kafin littafinta na farko, 1997's Fugitive Pieces. Littafin yana magana ne game da batutuwa na rashin haƙƙin mallaka da asarar, kuma kamar Fugitive Pieces, an rubuta shi a cikin waƙoƙi, salon waƙa. == Makirci == The Winter Vault shine labarin Avery da Jean, waɗanda ke zaune a [[Misra|Misira]] a 1964 lokacin da za a ceci babban haikalin a Abu Simbel daga ruwan da ke tasowa a bayan madatsar ruwan Aswan. Avery yana kula da yadda aka raba haikalin kuma aka sake gina shi. == Karɓar baƙi == Masu sukar sun yaba da Winter Vault a kantin sayar da kayayyaki ciki har da The New York Times, ''[[The Guardian]]'', da The Globe and Mail. == Manazarta == 8dyrp0231th6ryyuipi4bq3s6pgznes 840970 840968 2026-05-28T06:41:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 840970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Winter Vault shine littafin marubucin Kanada Anne Michaels na biyu.<ref>Hayward, Steven (4 April 2009). "The Winter Vault, by Anne Michaels". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 17 February 2023.</ref> == Tarihi == Michaels ta fara rubuta The Winter Vault kafin littafinta na farko, 1997's Fugitive Pieces. Littafin yana magana ne game da batutuwa na rashin haƙƙin mallaka da asarar, kuma kamar Fugitive Pieces, an rubuta shi a cikin waƙoƙi, salon waƙa. == Makirci == The Winter Vault shine labarin Avery da Jean, waɗanda ke zaune a [[Misra|Misira]] a 1964 lokacin da za a ceci babban haikalin a Abu Simbel daga ruwan da ke tasowa a bayan madatsar ruwan Aswan. Avery yana kula da yadda aka raba haikalin kuma aka sake gina shi. == Karɓar baƙi == Masu sukar sun yaba da Winter Vault a kantin sayar da kayayyaki ciki har da The New York Times, ''[[The Guardian]]'', da The Globe and Mail. == Manazarta == mdvvi2rt9pvdpa2b7in4jpjdnecvp06 0 152513 840971 2026-05-28T06:43:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311468143|Lake Assal (Djibouti)]]" 840971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Assal''' ( Arabic {{Transl|ar|Buḥayrah ʿAsal}}, wanda aka fi sani da "Tafkin Zuma") wani [[Tafkin dutse mai aman wuta|tafki ne mai rami]] a tsakiyar yammacin [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] . Yana a ƙarshen yammacin [[Tekun Tadjoura]] tsakanin Yankin Arta, da Yankin Tadjoura, yana taɓa Yankin Dikhil, a saman Babban Kwarin Rift, kimanin {{Convert|120|km|mi}} yammacin [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tafkin Assal wani tafki ne mai gishiri wanda ke da fadin {{Convert|155|m|ft|0}} ƙasa da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] a cikin [[Kusurwar Afar|Alwatika na Afar]], wanda ya sanya shi wuri mafi ƙasƙanci a ƙasa a [[Afirka]] kuma wuri na uku mafi ƙasƙanci a Duniya bayan Tekun Galili da Tekun Matattu . Babu wani kwararar ruwa daga tafkin, kuma saboda yawan ƙafewar ruwa, matakin gishirin ruwansa ya ninka na teku sau 10, wanda hakan ya sanya shi na biyar mafi gishirin ruwa a duniya, bayan Garabogazköl, Tafkin Retba, Tafkin Gaet'ale da Tafkin Elton . <ref name="Brit">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39097/Lake-Assal |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Encylopeadeia Britannica}}</ref> <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> Ana amfani da gishirin da ke cikin tafkin a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyi huɗu da aka bayar a 2002 a ƙarshen kudu maso gabashin tafkin; babban kaso na samarwa (kusan 80%) yana hannun Société d'Exploitation du Lac da Société d'Exploitation du Salt Investment SA de Djibouti. <ref name="Lake" /> Tafkin yanki ne mai kariya a karkashin Shirin Ayyukan Muhalli na Kasa na Djibouti na 2000. Koyaya, dokar ba ta bayyana iyakokin tafkin ba. Tun lokacin da ba a sarrafa gishiri daga tafkin ba, Shirin ya jaddada bukatar sarrafa amfani don kauce wa mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin tafkin. Gwamnatin Djibouti ta fara wani tsari tare da [[UNESCO]] don ayyana yankin Lake Assal da dutsen Ardoukoba a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]].<ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf "Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Djibouti Environmental Management Plan. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">i–</span>xi, 26, <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. Archived from [http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Lake_Assal_3-Djibouti.jpg|right|thumb|Tafkin Assal, tare da kwanon gishiri a hagu]] Tafkin Assal yana tsakiyar [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], a cikin wani wuri mai rufewa a ƙarshen arewacin Babban Kwarin Rift . Yana cikin Hamadar Danakil, yana da tsaunuka a yankin yamma. Tafkin yana kan tudu na {{Convert|155|m}} ƙasa da matakin teku, wanda hakan ya sanya shi mafi ƙasƙanci a Afirka. Tafkin yana da sassa biyu. Busasshen ɓangaren tafkin, wanda ya samo asali daga ƙafewar ruwan tafkin, wani farin tafki ne mai busasshe a gefen yamma/arewa maso yamma, wanda babban faɗin gishiri ne. Kashi na biyu kuma shine ruwan da ke da gishiri sosai. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> Yankin ruwan tafkin yana da {{Convert|900|km2|sqmi}} . <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> [[Fayil:DjiboutiLacAssal2.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar motar Lake Assal]] Tafkin Assal, mai siffar oval (tsawon {{Convert|19|km|mi}} da faɗi {{Convert|6.5|km|mi}} ), <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrisouCourtoisDenis1974">Brisou, J.; Courtois, D.; Denis, F. (May 1974). [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf "Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Applied Microbiology''. '''27''' (5). American Society for Microbiology: <span class="nowrap">819–</span>822. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974|10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC380149 380149]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4833284 4833284]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> ya ƙunshi sassa biyu daban-daban; ɗaya shine yankin "surface na gishiri mai lu'ulu'u" na {{Convert|68|km2|sqmi}} ɗayan kuma shine babban yankin ruwan gishiri mai gishiri na {{Convert|54|km2|sqmi}} . Yankin gishirin da aka yi da lu'ulu'u ya faɗaɗa zuwa zurfin sama da digiri {{Convert|60|m|ft}} wanda aka kiyasta albarkatunsa ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 300. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Tafkin yana da girman {{Convert|10|by|7|km|mi}} kuma yana da yankin ruwan gishiri mai ruwa {{Convert|54|km2|sqmi}} . Mafi girman zurfin shine {{Convert|40|m|ft}}, yayin da matsakaicin zurfin shine {{Convert|7.4|m|ft}}, wanda ke haifar da ƙarar ruwa ta {{Convert|400|e6m3|acre.ft}} . Haƙo gishirin da ƙabilun mazauna yankin [[Mutanen Afar|Afar]] suka haƙa, wato direbobin raƙuma da Issas daga gabar gishirin tafkin Assal suka kafa tsoffin hanyoyin ayari. Waɗannan sun haɗa tafkin da tsaunukan Habasha don cinikin kayayyaki kamar [[Sorghum|dawa]], kwal, da sauran kayayyaki. An kuma yi musanya gishiri da Kudancin Abisiniya don kayayyaki kamar kofi, hauren giwa, [[musk]], da kuma [[Bauta|bayi]] (a tarihi). Ya kasance tushen arziki ga ƙabilun yankin. Tun daga shekarar 1990, an farfaɗo da haƙar ma'adinai na masana'antu tare da haɓaka hanyoyin da suka haɗu da gabar Ghoubbet-el-Kharab ta [[Tekun Tadjoura]] . <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf "Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Djibouti Environmental Management Plan. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">i–</span>xi, 26, <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. Archived from [http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Hanyar da ake bi zuwa Tafkin Assal a yanzu an yi mata kwalta. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Hodd2002" /> Tafkin yana da {{Cvt|120|km}} daga birnin Djibouti. <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrisouCourtoisDenis1974">Brisou, J.; Courtois, D.; Denis, F. (May 1974). [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf "Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Applied Microbiology''. '''27''' (5). American Society for Microbiology: <span class="nowrap">819–</span>822. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974|10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC380149 380149]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4833284 4833284]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa matakin ruwan tafkin yana raguwa kamar yadda aka gani daga alamar ƙafa 50 (15 a bakin tafkin daga matakin ruwa na yanzu. == Yanayi == Tafkin da ke cikin hamada mai zafi, yana fuskantar yanayin zafi na lokacin rani har zuwa {{Convert|52|°C|°F|0}} daga watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin hunturu ba shi da ƙasa a {{Convert|34|°C|°F|0}} daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu, inda yankin bakin teku ke fuskantar ruwan sama. Iska mai ƙarfi, busasshiya, da zafi wani ɓangare ne na muhalli. An ruwaito cewa bambancin zafin wata-wata shine {{Convert|6|°C-change|°F-change|0}} . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> A lokacin bazara, busasshen iska mai zafi yana busawa ta hanyoyi biyu; wato iskar Sabo daga kudu maso yamma da kuma iskar Khamsin daga arewa maso yamma. Iska a lokacin Oktoba da Afrilu tana busawa daga gabas, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama lokaci-lokaci. <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> Sakamakon ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai tare da ruwan sama na Janairu, Afrilu, Mayu, da Oktoba. Yuni zuwa Agusta watanni ne masu bushewa. An bayar da rahoton ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a 1993 da 1997 a matsayin {{Convert|773|mm}} in) da {{Convert|381|mm}} in), bi da bi. An rubuta ruwan sama mafi ƙasƙanci na {{Convert|23|mm}} in) 1996. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa zafin ruwan tafkin ya kai {{Cvt|33|–|34|C}} . <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> Duk da haka, lokacin da saurin iska da ƙafewar iska suka yi ƙasa, an gano cewa zafin da aka rubuta ya kai {{Convert|20|°C|°F|0}} ga ruwan saman ƙasa da sama da {{Convert|25|°C|°F|0}} a zurfin tafkin mai zurfi. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> <ref name="Assal">{{Cite web |title=Assal Lake – Djibouti |url=http://en.tixik.com/assal-lake-2359789.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815170050/http://en.tixik.com/assal-lake-2359789.htm |archive-date=15 August 2011 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=tixik.com}}</ref> Launin ruwan tafkin kuma yana canzawa a tsawon lokacin yini, a wasu lokutan yana bayyana da launuka masu haske. A tsakiyar rana, ruwan yana kama da ba a saba gani ba tare da launinsa mai launin shuɗi a bayan bakin tekun fari mai dusar ƙanƙara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Photographs of Lake Assal, February 2015 |url=https://independent-travellers.com/djibouti/lake_assal/ |access-date=July 20, 2017 |website=Independent Travellers}}</ref> mql4k5ywsllvrxycfxmlnnjsq0r62qn 840972 840971 2026-05-28T06:43:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 840972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lake Assal''' ( Arabic {{Transl|ar|Buḥayrah ʿAsal}}, wanda aka fi sani da "Tafkin Zuma") wani [[Tafkin dutse mai aman wuta|tafki ne mai rami]] a tsakiyar yammacin [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] . Yana a ƙarshen yammacin [[Tekun Tadjoura]] tsakanin Yankin Arta, da Yankin Tadjoura, yana taɓa Yankin Dikhil, a saman Babban Kwarin Rift, kimanin {{Convert|120|km|mi}} yammacin [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tafkin Assal wani tafki ne mai gishiri wanda ke da fadin {{Convert|155|m|ft|0}} ƙasa da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] a cikin [[Kusurwar Afar|Alwatika na Afar]], wanda ya sanya shi wuri mafi ƙasƙanci a ƙasa a [[Afirka]] kuma wuri na uku mafi ƙasƙanci a Duniya bayan Tekun Galili da Tekun Matattu . Babu wani kwararar ruwa daga tafkin, kuma saboda yawan ƙafewar ruwa, matakin gishirin ruwansa ya ninka na teku sau 10, wanda hakan ya sanya shi na biyar mafi gishirin ruwa a duniya, bayan Garabogazköl, Tafkin Retba, Tafkin Gaet'ale da Tafkin Elton . <ref name="Brit">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39097/Lake-Assal |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Encylopeadeia Britannica}}</ref> <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> Ana amfani da gishirin da ke cikin tafkin a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyi huɗu da aka bayar a 2002 a ƙarshen kudu maso gabashin tafkin; babban kaso na samarwa (kusan 80%) yana hannun Société d'Exploitation du Lac da Société d'Exploitation du Salt Investment SA de Djibouti. <ref name="Lake" /> Tafkin yanki ne mai kariya a karkashin Shirin Ayyukan Muhalli na Kasa na Djibouti na 2000. Koyaya, dokar ba ta bayyana iyakokin tafkin ba. Tun lokacin da ba a sarrafa gishiri daga tafkin ba, Shirin ya jaddada bukatar sarrafa amfani don kauce wa mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin tafkin. Gwamnatin Djibouti ta fara wani tsari tare da [[UNESCO]] don ayyana yankin Lake Assal da dutsen Ardoukoba a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]].<ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Lake_Assal_3-Djibouti.jpg|right|thumb|Tafkin Assal, tare da kwanon gishiri a hagu]] Tafkin Assal yana tsakiyar [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], a cikin wani wuri mai rufewa a ƙarshen arewacin Babban Kwarin Rift . Yana cikin Hamadar Danakil, yana da tsaunuka a yankin yamma. Tafkin yana kan tudu na {{Convert|155|m}} ƙasa da matakin teku, wanda hakan ya sanya shi mafi ƙasƙanci a Afirka. Tafkin yana da sassa biyu. Busasshen ɓangaren tafkin, wanda ya samo asali daga ƙafewar ruwan tafkin, wani farin tafki ne mai busasshe a gefen yamma/arewa maso yamma, wanda babban faɗin gishiri ne. Kashi na biyu kuma shine ruwan da ke da gishiri sosai. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> Yankin ruwan tafkin yana da {{Convert|900|km2|sqmi}} . <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> [[Fayil:DjiboutiLacAssal2.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar motar Lake Assal]] Tafkin Assal, mai siffar oval (tsawon {{Convert|19|km|mi}} da faɗi {{Convert|6.5|km|mi}} ), <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> ya ƙunshi sassa biyu daban-daban; ɗaya shine yankin "surface na gishiri mai lu'ulu'u" na {{Convert|68|km2|sqmi}} ɗayan kuma shine babban yankin ruwan gishiri mai gishiri na {{Convert|54|km2|sqmi}} . Yankin gishirin da aka yi da lu'ulu'u ya faɗaɗa zuwa zurfin sama da digiri {{Convert|60|m|ft}} wanda aka kiyasta albarkatunsa ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 300. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Tafkin yana da girman {{Convert|10|by|7|km|mi}} kuma yana da yankin ruwan gishiri mai ruwa {{Convert|54|km2|sqmi}} . Mafi girman zurfin shine {{Convert|40|m|ft}}, yayin da matsakaicin zurfin shine {{Convert|7.4|m|ft}}, wanda ke haifar da ƙarar ruwa ta {{Convert|400|e6m3|acre.ft}} . Haƙo gishirin da ƙabilun mazauna yankin [[Mutanen Afar|Afar]] suka haƙa, wato direbobin raƙuma da Issas daga gabar gishirin tafkin Assal suka kafa tsoffin hanyoyin ayari. Waɗannan sun haɗa tafkin da tsaunukan Habasha don cinikin kayayyaki kamar [[Sorghum|dawa]], kwal, da sauran kayayyaki. An kuma yi musanya gishiri da Kudancin Abisiniya don kayayyaki kamar kofi, hauren giwa, [[musk]], da kuma [[Bauta|bayi]] (a tarihi). Ya kasance tushen arziki ga ƙabilun yankin. Tun daga shekarar 1990, an farfaɗo da haƙar ma'adinai na masana'antu tare da haɓaka hanyoyin da suka haɗu da gabar Ghoubbet-el-Kharab ta [[Tekun Tadjoura]] . <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf "Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Djibouti Environmental Management Plan. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">i–</span>xi, 26, <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. Archived from [http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Hanyar da ake bi zuwa Tafkin Assal a yanzu an yi mata kwalta. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf "Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F. November 2008. pp.&nbsp;1–xii, 29. Archived from [https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Hodd2002" /> Tafkin yana da {{Cvt|120|km}} daga birnin Djibouti. <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrisouCourtoisDenis1974">Brisou, J.; Courtois, D.; Denis, F. (May 1974). [http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf "Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Applied Microbiology''. '''27''' (5). American Society for Microbiology: <span class="nowrap">819–</span>822. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974|10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC380149 380149]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4833284 4833284]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa matakin ruwan tafkin yana raguwa kamar yadda aka gani daga alamar ƙafa 50 (15 a bakin tafkin daga matakin ruwa na yanzu. == Yanayi == Tafkin da ke cikin hamada mai zafi, yana fuskantar yanayin zafi na lokacin rani har zuwa {{Convert|52|°C|°F|0}} daga watan Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin hunturu ba shi da ƙasa a {{Convert|34|°C|°F|0}} daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu, inda yankin bakin teku ke fuskantar ruwan sama. Iska mai ƙarfi, busasshiya, da zafi wani ɓangare ne na muhalli. An ruwaito cewa bambancin zafin wata-wata shine {{Convert|6|°C-change|°F-change|0}} . <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=Lake Assal – Djibouti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20040406030329/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/wildafrica/lakeasal.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2004 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> A lokacin bazara, busasshen iska mai zafi yana busawa ta hanyoyi biyu; wato iskar Sabo daga kudu maso yamma da kuma iskar Khamsin daga arewa maso yamma. Iska a lokacin Oktoba da Afrilu tana busawa daga gabas, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama lokaci-lokaci. <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> Sakamakon ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai tare da ruwan sama na Janairu, Afrilu, Mayu, da Oktoba. Yuni zuwa Agusta watanni ne masu bushewa. An bayar da rahoton ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a 1993 da 1997 a matsayin {{Convert|773|mm}} in) da {{Convert|381|mm}} in), bi da bi. An rubuta ruwan sama mafi ƙasƙanci na {{Convert|23|mm}} in) 1996. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa zafin ruwan tafkin ya kai {{Cvt|33|–|34|C}} . <ref name="Biology">{{Cite journal |last=Brisou |first=J. |last2=Courtois |first2=D. |last3=Denis |first3=F. |date=May 1974 |title=Microbiological Study of a Hypersaline Lake in French Somaliland |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/27/5/819.pdf |format= |journal=Applied Microbiology |publisher=American Society for Microbiology |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=819–822 |doi=10.1128/am.27.5.819-822.1974 |pmc=380149 |pmid=4833284 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> Duk da haka, lokacin da saurin iska da ƙafewar iska suka yi ƙasa, an gano cewa zafin da aka rubuta ya kai {{Convert|20|°C|°F|0}} ga ruwan saman ƙasa da sama da {{Convert|25|°C|°F|0}} a zurfin tafkin mai zurfi. <ref name="Lake">{{Cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Lake Salt Project, Djibouti:Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141547/https://www2.opic.gov/environasp/eia/lakeassal/Lake_Assal_Salt_Project_EIA_Report_Nov08.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Government of Djibouti:Salt Investment S.A.Z.F |pages=1–xii, 29}}</ref> <ref name="Geothermal">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti. |url=http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d%27impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215191903/http://www.environnement.dj/Etudes%20d'impact/Djibouti_Environmental_Management_Plan%2008%2011%2021.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=Djibouti Environmental Management Plan |pages=i–xi,26, 29–30}}</ref> <ref name="Assal">{{Cite web |title=Assal Lake – Djibouti |url=http://en.tixik.com/assal-lake-2359789.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815170050/http://en.tixik.com/assal-lake-2359789.htm |archive-date=15 August 2011 |access-date=25 May 2011 |publisher=tixik.com}}</ref> Launin ruwan tafkin kuma yana canzawa a tsawon lokacin yini, a wasu lokutan yana bayyana da launuka masu haske. A tsakiyar rana, ruwan yana kama da ba a saba gani ba tare da launinsa mai launin shuɗi a bayan bakin tekun fari mai dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photographs of Lake Assal, February 2015 |url=https://independent-travellers.com/djibouti/lake_assal/ |access-date=July 20, 2017 |website=Independent Travellers}}</ref> == Manazarta == emiaz4zwf96gyvi019pev5dex5eq3p2 0 152514 840973 2026-05-28T06:44:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321190349|Lake Abaya]]" 840973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lake_Abaya.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Tafkin Abaya kamar yadda aka gani daga ƙauyen Dorze. A gefen dama na nesa ana iya ganin Arba Minch da Tafkin Chamo. Tsakanin tabkuna biyu shine Nechisar National Park .]] '''Tafkin Abaya''' (Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na Habasha . Tana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, gabashin Dutsen Guge. Garin Arba Minch yana kan iyakar kudu maso yamma, kuma iyakar kudancin suna cikin yankin Nechisar National Park. A kudu ne Tafkin Chamo . Savanna, wanda aka sani da namun daji da tsuntsaye, ya kewaye tafkin, wanda kuma mutanen yankin ke kamun kifi. A cewar Ma'aikatar Kifi da Aquaculture ta Habasha, ana saukar da ton 412 na kifi a kowace shekara, wanda sashen ya kiyasta shi ne 69% na adadin mai ɗorewa. Tafkin Abaya yana da tsawon kilomita 60 da faɗin 20, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 1162. Akwai tsibirai da yawa a cikin wannan tafkin, mafi girma shine Aruro; wasu sun hada da Gidicho, Welege, Galmaka, da Alkali. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa saboda babban nauyin da aka dakatar da shi. Kogin yana samun ruwa daga koguna uku masu matsakaici. Da farko akwai [[Kogin Bilate|Bilate]] wanda ke tashi a kan gangaren kudancin Dutsen Gurage, sannan yana gudana mafi yawa zuwa kudu don shiga cikin Tafkin Abaya a gefen arewa. Na biyu shi ne Gidabo, wanda ke tashi a kan gangaren yammacin Dutsen Bale, sannan kuma yana gudana mafi yawa zuwa kudu don shiga cikin Tafkin Abaya a arewa maso gabashinsa bayan ya wuce filayen ambaliyar Gidabo. Kogin na uku shine [[Gelana River|Gelana]], wanda ke tasowa a yammacin kwarin Rift a arewa maso yammacin garin Bule Hora. Kogunan haraji kuma suna tashi a gabashin da arewacin tsaunukan Amaro. Gelana sa'an nan kuma yana gudana zuwa arewa ta hanyar ''Gelana Graben'' a tsakiya tsakanin tsaunuka biyu kafin ya shiga cikin maras kyau na Bore kuma a ƙarshe ya zubar a gefen gabas zuwa tafkin. Abinda kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin shine ta hanyar ƙananan [[Kogin Kulfo]] kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fan na alluvial a tsawo na 1,190 m (a 6°00′39′′N 37°35′07′′E / 6.0109°N 37.5854°E / 6. 0109; 37.5854). Kogin yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar zubar da ruwa idan akwai matakan tafkin kuma yana fitar da ruwa mai yawa a cikin Tafkin Chamo. Yawancin lokaci, matakin tafkin yana motsawa kaɗan, a cikin 2017 ya kasance a 1,175 m, 15 m ƙasa da matakin cikawa. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, matakin tafkin ya girgiza kawai ±1.5 m a kusa da matsakaicin darajar wanda ke ƙasa da matakin cikawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ababu Teklemariam, Bernd Wenclawia |date=2004 |title=Water Quality monitoring within the Abaya-Chamo Drainage Basin |url=https://www.uni-siegen.de/zew/publikationen/volume0405/teklemariam.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207063107/https://www.uni-siegen.de/zew/publikationen/volume0405/teklemariam.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-07 |access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, matsakaicin zurfin tafkin yana canzawa kadan daga shekara zuwa shekara, a cikin shekara ta 2002 tafkin yana da matsakaicin قووڵyar mita 13.1.&nbsp; A shekara ta 1896 an sake sunan Tafkin Abaya "Lake Margherita" bayan Sarauniya Margherita na Savoy, matar Sarki Humbert I na Italiya ta hanyar mai binciken Italiya Vittorio Bottego wanda ya fara bincika yankin. Har yanzu ana amfani da sunan "Lake Margherita" (Lago Margherita) a Italiya. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == ndctg6e9dpxh61134hsi4hkhkzo6ho1 840974 840973 2026-05-28T06:44:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lake_Abaya.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Tafkin Abaya kamar yadda aka gani daga ƙauyen Dorze. A gefen dama na nesa ana iya ganin Arba Minch da Tafkin Chamo. Tsakanin tabkuna biyu shine Nechisar National Park .]] '''Tafkin Abaya''' (Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na Habasha . Tana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, gabashin Dutsen Guge. Garin Arba Minch yana kan iyakar kudu maso yamma, kuma iyakar kudancin suna cikin yankin Nechisar National Park. A kudu ne Tafkin Chamo . Savanna, wanda aka sani da namun daji da tsuntsaye, ya kewaye tafkin, wanda kuma mutanen yankin ke kamun kifi. A cewar Ma'aikatar Kifi da Aquaculture ta Habasha, ana saukar da ton 412 na kifi a kowace shekara, wanda sashen ya kiyasta shi ne 69% na adadin mai ɗorewa. Tafkin Abaya yana da tsawon kilomita 60 da faɗin 20, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 1162. Akwai tsibirai da yawa a cikin wannan tafkin, mafi girma shine Aruro; wasu sun hada da Gidicho, Welege, Galmaka, da Alkali. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa saboda babban nauyin da aka dakatar da shi. Kogin yana samun ruwa daga koguna uku masu matsakaici. Da farko akwai [[Kogin Bilate|Bilate]] wanda ke tashi a kan gangaren kudancin Dutsen Gurage, sannan yana gudana mafi yawa zuwa kudu don shiga cikin Tafkin Abaya a gefen arewa. Na biyu shi ne Gidabo, wanda ke tashi a kan gangaren yammacin Dutsen Bale, sannan kuma yana gudana mafi yawa zuwa kudu don shiga cikin Tafkin Abaya a arewa maso gabashinsa bayan ya wuce filayen ambaliyar Gidabo. Kogin na uku shine [[Gelana River|Gelana]], wanda ke tasowa a yammacin kwarin Rift a arewa maso yammacin garin Bule Hora. Kogunan haraji kuma suna tashi a gabashin da arewacin tsaunukan Amaro. Gelana sa'an nan kuma yana gudana zuwa arewa ta hanyar ''Gelana Graben'' a tsakiya tsakanin tsaunuka biyu kafin ya shiga cikin maras kyau na Bore kuma a ƙarshe ya zubar a gefen gabas zuwa tafkin. Abinda kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin shine ta hanyar ƙananan [[Kogin Kulfo]] kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fan na alluvial a tsawo na 1,190 m (a 6°00′39′′N 37°35′07′′E / 6.0109°N 37.5854°E / 6. 0109; 37.5854). Kogin yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar zubar da ruwa idan akwai matakan tafkin kuma yana fitar da ruwa mai yawa a cikin Tafkin Chamo. Yawancin lokaci, matakin tafkin yana motsawa kaɗan, a cikin 2017 ya kasance a 1,175 m, 15 m ƙasa da matakin cikawa. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, matakin tafkin ya girgiza kawai ±1.5 m a kusa da matsakaicin darajar wanda ke ƙasa da matakin cikawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ababu Teklemariam, Bernd Wenclawia |date=2004 |title=Water Quality monitoring within the Abaya-Chamo Drainage Basin |url=https://www.uni-siegen.de/zew/publikationen/volume0405/teklemariam.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207063107/https://www.uni-siegen.de/zew/publikationen/volume0405/teklemariam.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-07 |access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, matsakaicin zurfin tafkin yana canzawa kadan daga shekara zuwa shekara, a cikin shekara ta 2002 tafkin yana da matsakaicin قووڵyar mita 13.1.&nbsp; A shekara ta 1896 an sake sunan Tafkin Abaya "Lake Margherita" bayan Sarauniya Margherita na Savoy, matar Sarki Humbert I na Italiya ta hanyar mai binciken Italiya Vittorio Bottego wanda ya fara bincika yankin. Har yanzu ana amfani da sunan "Lake Margherita" (Lago Margherita) a Italiya. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == 9t9usn9z9t64cc020zwdlkzo1wa4jcc 841052 840974 2026-05-28T07:18:59Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321190349|Lake Abaya]]" 841052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Abaya''' ( Amharic : Abaya Hanik) wani tafki ne a cikin Yankin Kudancin Habasha na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, gabas da tsaunin Guge . Garin Arba Minch yana kan gabar kudu maso yammacin ƙasarsa, kuma gaɓar tekun kudu wani ɓangare ne na Nechisar National Park . A kudu kawai akwai Tafkin Chamo . Savanna, wacce aka sani da namun daji da tsuntsaye, tana kewaye da tafkin, wanda mutanen yankin ke kamun kifi. A cewar Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi da Kifi ta Habasha, ana samun tan 412 na kifi kowace shekara, wanda ma'aikatar ta kiyasta shine kashi 69% na adadin da ake buƙata. Tafkin Abaya yana da tsawon kilomita 60 da faɗinsa 20, kuma faɗinsa murabba'in kilomita 1162. Akwai tsibirai da dama a cikin wannan tafkin, mafi girma shine Aruro ; wasu sun haɗa da Gidicho, Welege, Galmaka, da Alkali. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa ja saboda yawan laka da aka danne. Koguna uku masu matsakaicin girma suna ciyar da tafkin. Na farko akwai [[Kogin Bilate|Bilate]] wanda ke tashi a kudancin Dutsen Gurage, sannan ya ratsa kudu ya malala zuwa Tafkin Abaya a bakin tekun arewa. Na biyu shine Gidabo, wanda ke tashi a gangaren yamma na [[Duwatsun Bale|tsaunukan Bale]], sannan kuma ya ratsa kudu ya malala zuwa Tafkin Abaya a gefen arewa maso gabas bayan ya ratsa filayen ambaliyar Gidabo. Kofi na uku shine [[Gelana River|Gelana]], wanda ke tashi a gefen yamma na Rift Valley arewa maso yamma da Garin Bule Hora . Kogunan ruwa suma suna tashi a kan gangaren gabas da arewa na [[Duwatsun Amaro|tsaunukan Amaro]] . Daga nan Gelana yana kwarara arewa ta ''Gelana Graben'' a tsakiya tsakanin tsaunukan biyu kafin ya shiga fadamun Bore sannan daga karshe ya malala a gefen gabas zuwa tafkin. Magudanar ruwa ta tafkin kawai tana gudana ne ta ƙasan [[Kogin Kulfo]] kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fanka mai iska a tsayin mita 1,190 (a lokacin da tafkin ya yi ƙanƙanta) A shekarar 1896, an sake wa tafkin Abaya suna "Tafkin Margherita" bayan Sarauniya Margherita ta Savoy, matar Sarki Humbert na ɗaya na Italiya, ta hannun mai binciken Italiya Vittorio Bottego wanda ya fara binciken yankin. Har yanzu ana amfani da sunan "Tafkin Margherita" (Lago Margherita) a Italiya. == Duba kuma == qy1w9fr4ulwky23802nf6q3tla167d3 841054 841052 2026-05-28T07:19:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Abaya''' ( Amharic : Abaya Hanik) wani tafki ne a cikin Yankin Kudancin Habasha na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, gabas da tsaunin Guge . Garin Arba Minch yana kan gabar kudu maso yammacin ƙasarsa, kuma gaɓar tekun kudu wani ɓangare ne na Nechisar National Park . A kudu kawai akwai Tafkin Chamo . Savanna, wacce aka sani da namun daji da tsuntsaye, tana kewaye da tafkin, wanda mutanen yankin ke kamun kifi. A cewar Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi da Kifi ta Habasha, ana samun tan 412 na kifi kowace shekara, wanda ma'aikatar ta kiyasta shine kashi 69% na adadin da ake buƙata. Tafkin Abaya yana da tsawon kilomita 60 da faɗinsa 20, kuma faɗinsa murabba'in kilomita 1162. Akwai tsibirai da dama a cikin wannan tafkin, mafi girma shine Aruro ; wasu sun haɗa da Gidicho, Welege, Galmaka, da Alkali. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa ja saboda yawan laka da aka danne. Koguna uku masu matsakaicin girma suna ciyar da tafkin. Na farko akwai [[Kogin Bilate|Bilate]] wanda ke tashi a kudancin Dutsen Gurage, sannan ya ratsa kudu ya malala zuwa Tafkin Abaya a bakin tekun arewa. Na biyu shine Gidabo, wanda ke tashi a gangaren yamma na [[Duwatsun Bale|tsaunukan Bale]], sannan kuma ya ratsa kudu ya malala zuwa Tafkin Abaya a gefen arewa maso gabas bayan ya ratsa filayen ambaliyar Gidabo. Kofi na uku shine [[Gelana River|Gelana]], wanda ke tashi a gefen yamma na Rift Valley arewa maso yamma da Garin Bule Hora . Kogunan ruwa suma suna tashi a kan gangaren gabas da arewa na [[Duwatsun Amaro|tsaunukan Amaro]] . Daga nan Gelana yana kwarara arewa ta ''Gelana Graben'' a tsakiya tsakanin tsaunukan biyu kafin ya shiga fadamun Bore sannan daga karshe ya malala a gefen gabas zuwa tafkin. Magudanar ruwa ta tafkin kawai tana gudana ne ta ƙasan [[Kogin Kulfo]] kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fanka mai iska a tsayin mita 1,190 (a lokacin da tafkin ya yi ƙanƙanta) A shekarar 1896, an sake wa tafkin Abaya suna "Tafkin Margherita" bayan Sarauniya Margherita ta Savoy, matar Sarki Humbert na ɗaya na Italiya, ta hannun mai binciken Italiya Vittorio Bottego wanda ya fara binciken yankin. Har yanzu ana amfani da sunan "Tafkin Margherita" (Lago Margherita) a Italiya. == Duba kuma == pcssu04cmhrukpl4djj1deoyiatlu5u 0 152515 840975 2026-05-28T06:45:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352035994|Lake Abijatta]]" 840975 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Abijatta''' Tafkin alkaline ne a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana kwance a cikin Babban kwarin Rift na Habasha a kudancin [[Addis Ababa]], a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Abijatta-Shalla. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Flamingoes_on_Lake_Abiyatta.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|Flamingoes a Tafkin Abiyatta]] Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 17 da faɗin kilomita 15, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 205. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 14 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,573.&nbsp; Tare da kusurwar arewa maso gabashin wannan tafkin akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi da yawa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a matsayin jan hankalin yawon bude ido da kuma mazauna yankin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai aikin soda ash a bakin wannan tafkin, wanda ke samar da tan 20,000 na sodium carbonate. An tabbatar da ajiyar a Tafkin Abijata, da kuma makwabta Shala da tabkuna [[Lake Chitu|Chitu]], sun wuce tan miliyan 460. Ana kuma samun Flamingoes a tafkin. An gudanar da nazarin fannoni da yawa, gami da nazarin sedimentology, palynology, diatoms da kwayoyin halitta a kan 6 m core daga Lake Abijata, Habasha. An sanya kwanan wata a kasan wannan core a 1720 ± BP. Bincike ya nuna matakai huɗu daban-daban a cikin juyin halitta na tafkin. Matakai biyu masu laifi waɗanda aka gane za a iya danganta su da wasu shaidun matakin tafkin. Laifukan sun samo asali ne daga sauya abubuwan da aka shigar daga yankunan da ke ƙasa da tsaunuka a cikin tafkin. Wataƙila suna da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin ruwan sama na yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonnefille |first=R. |last2=Robert |first2=C. |last3=Lezine |first3=A. M. |last4=Perinet |first4=G. |last5=Delibrias |first5=G. |last6=Elenga |first6=C. |last7=Herbin |first7=J. P. |last8=Tiercelin |first8=J. J. |date=1986 |title=Palaeoenvironment of Lake Abijata, Ethiopia, during the past 2000 years |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=253–265 |doi=10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.025.01.21 |issn=0305-8719 |s2cid=128780442}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == q2q64nl0r9uykv8d9oeh228o8xn98vl 840976 840975 2026-05-28T06:45:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 840976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Abijatta''' Tafkin alkaline ne a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana kwance a cikin Babban kwarin Rift na Habasha a kudancin [[Addis Ababa]], a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Abijatta-Shalla. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Flamingoes_on_Lake_Abiyatta.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|Flamingoes a Tafkin Abiyatta]] Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 17 da faɗin kilomita 15, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 205. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 14 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,573.&nbsp; Tare da kusurwar arewa maso gabashin wannan tafkin akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi da yawa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a matsayin jan hankalin yawon bude ido da kuma mazauna yankin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai aikin soda ash a bakin wannan tafkin, wanda ke samar da tan 20,000 na sodium carbonate. An tabbatar da ajiyar a Tafkin Abijata, da kuma makwabta Shala da tabkuna [[Lake Chitu|Chitu]], sun wuce tan miliyan 460. Ana kuma samun Flamingoes a tafkin. An gudanar da nazarin fannoni da yawa, gami da nazarin sedimentology, palynology, diatoms da kwayoyin halitta a kan 6 m core daga Lake Abijata, Habasha. An sanya kwanan wata a kasan wannan core a 1720 ± BP. Bincike ya nuna matakai huɗu daban-daban a cikin juyin halitta na tafkin. Matakai biyu masu laifi waɗanda aka gane za a iya danganta su da wasu shaidun matakin tafkin. Laifukan sun samo asali ne daga sauya abubuwan da aka shigar daga yankunan da ke ƙasa da tsaunuka a cikin tafkin. Wataƙila suna da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yanayin ruwan sama na yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonnefille |first=R. |last2=Robert |first2=C. |last3=Lezine |first3=A. M. |last4=Perinet |first4=G. |last5=Delibrias |first5=G. |last6=Elenga |first6=C. |last7=Herbin |first7=J. P. |last8=Tiercelin |first8=J. J. |date=1986 |title=Palaeoenvironment of Lake Abijata, Ethiopia, during the past 2000 years |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=253–265 |doi=10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.025.01.21 |issn=0305-8719 |s2cid=128780442}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == jycj99xy2907ta5at7itsvtkkekpqt2 0 152516 840977 2026-05-28T06:46:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302266107|Lake Afambo]]" 840977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Afambo''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]].<ref>Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), pp. 402f</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin yana kan kusan arewa maso kudu, tsawon kilomita 13 da faɗin biyu, yana da kadada 1760 na ruwa mai buɗewa. Afambo tana karɓar shigowarta daga Tafkin Gummare daga tashar da ke arewacinsa, kuma tana da fitowarta a cikin maras kyau a bakin tekun kudu maso yamma inda ta zubo cikin Tafkin Bario. Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci Tafkin Afambo shi ne Wilfred Thesiger, wanda ya binciki hanyar Awash zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ta a 1935. Thesiger ya jagoranci jam'iyyarsa a gabashin da kudancin wannan tafkin. Wannan yanki bai ga wani baƙo daga wajen Habasha ba har sai Pele Thompson ya sake komawa matakan Thesiger a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 2001. Akwai gada a kan tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna Gummare da Afambo a Ebobe, amma "ya rushe wani lokaci da ya gabata". Bugu da ƙari, yayin da Tafkin Afambo ya kasance tafkin Ruwa mai kyau lokacin da Thesiger ya ziyarta, tun daga lokacin ya zama mai gishiri sosai saboda yawan ruwan da aka karkatar zuwa sama don dalilai na ban ruwa. == Manazarta == mt26svdccnk8zgkespxa9v72i322pep 840978 840977 2026-05-28T06:46:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 840978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Afambo''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]].<ref>Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), pp. 402f</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin yana kan kusan arewa maso kudu, tsawon kilomita 13 da faɗin biyu, yana da kadada 1760 na ruwa mai buɗewa. Afambo tana karɓar shigowarta daga Tafkin Gummare daga tashar da ke arewacinsa, kuma tana da fitowarta a cikin maras kyau a bakin tekun kudu maso yamma inda ta zubo cikin Tafkin Bario. Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci Tafkin Afambo shi ne Wilfred Thesiger, wanda ya binciki hanyar Awash zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ta a 1935. Thesiger ya jagoranci jam'iyyarsa a gabashin da kudancin wannan tafkin. Wannan yanki bai ga wani baƙo daga wajen Habasha ba har sai Pele Thompson ya sake komawa matakan Thesiger a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 2001. Akwai gada a kan tashar da ke haɗa tabkuna Gummare da Afambo a Ebobe, amma "ya rushe wani lokaci da ya gabata". Bugu da ƙari, yayin da Tafkin Afambo ya kasance tafkin Ruwa mai kyau lokacin da Thesiger ya ziyarta, tun daga lokacin ya zama mai gishiri sosai saboda yawan ruwan da aka karkatar zuwa sama don dalilai na ban ruwa. == Manazarta == oqxeuedaiarqfrshk63b4matgorm674 0 152517 840979 2026-05-28T06:47:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343650228|Lake Afrera]]" 840979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Afrera''' (a cikin '''Tafkin Giuletti''' na Italiya) tafki ne mai yawan gishiri a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana cikin Kilbet Rasu, [[Yankin Afar]], yana ɗaya daga cikin tafkunan da ke cikin mawuyacin halin Danakil . Yana da faɗin murabba'in murabba'i {{Convert|117|km2|mi2|0}} kuma yana ɗauke da ruwa mai zurfin kilomita 2.4 ^3. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mafi girman zurfin tafkin Afdera shine mita 80 a yankin arewa da kuma mita 76 a yankin kudu. <ref name=":0" /> Babu wani babban kogi da ke malala tafkin. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi a bakin tafkunan suna ciyar da shi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau an san shi da Lake Giulietti, sunan Raimondo Franchetti ya ba shi bayan mai binciken Italiya Giuseppe Maria Giulietti ya kashe shi da [[Mutanen Afar|Afars]] kudu maso yammacin tafkin. Wani suna ga wannan ruwa shine '''Tafkin Egogi''' (ko Egogi Bad), wanda shine sunan [[L. M. Nesbitt]]'s Afar guide ya ba shi lokacin da mai binciken [[Italiya|Italiyanci]] ya zama Turai na farko da ya gan shi a 1928. Tsibirin guda ɗaya a cikin Tafkin Afrera, [[Franchetti Island|Tsibirin Franchetti]] (wanda aka fi sani da "Deset"), wanda ke cikin kudancin tafkin, an dauke shi tsibirin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Ba kamar sauran tabkuna masu gishiri a Habasha ba (misali, Lakes Abijatta, Shala, da [[Lake Chitu|Chitu]]), pH na Tafkin Afrera yana da ƙasa kuma yana cikin kewayon acidic. Kodayake ba a yi nazari sosai ba, wasu nau'ikan kifi suna karbar bakuncin Tafkin Afrera, gami da nau'ikan biyu: ''Danakilia franchettii'' (cichlid) da ''Aphaniops stiassnyae'' (syn. ''Lebias stiassnyae''; kifi). == Cire gishiri == [[Fayil:Ethiopie-Lac_salé_Afdera_(8).jpg|right|thumb|Gishiri a bakin Tekun Afrera]] An haƙa Gishiri na dutse a Tafkin Afrera, da kuma yankin da ke kewaye da Afar Depression, na ƙarni da yawa. Lt. Lefebvre ya rubuta wasu haɗarin gishiri na hakar ma'adinai daga Mawuyacin hali, wanda ya ji daga ɗaya daga cikin masu hakar ma-adinai da kansa:<blockquote>Ya ce wannan tafkin sau da yawa yana canza siffarsa da wurinsa, wanda ya bayyana a cikin waɗannan kalmomi: tafkin yana motsawa. Sau da yawa, ya kara da cewa, a kan zuwa wani wuri wanda maraice da ya gabata ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ba zato ba tsammani ka shiga, kuma ka ɓace cikin rami. Amma abin da ya fi ban tsoro shi ne yawan ruwa: wani lokacin tafkin ya tashi kamar dutse, kuma ya sake fadawa cikin fili kamar ambaliyar ruwa; duk motoci, mutane da dabbobi sun haɗiye. Akwai, duk da haka, alamun farko, wanda maza da ke hawa kawai zasu iya amfani da shi, ta hanyar tashi da sauri na dabbobi; wani lokaci wasu daga cikinsu sun tsere, kuma daga gare su ne ake samun waɗannan mummunan bayanai.</blockquote> [[Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img114_Afdera.jpg|right|thumb|Samar da gishiri a Tafkin Afrera]] Kwanan nan, Kamfanin Ci Gaban Ma'adanai na Habasha ya tabbatar da kasancewar tan miliyan 290 na gishiri a Tafkin Afrera kadai. Wasu kamfanoni na cikin gida sun yi amfani da su don samar da gishiri daga tafkin ta hanyar yin amfani da saline a cikin tafkuna na wucin gadi don narkewa da hazo na gaba. Bayan fashewar Nabro ta 2011, tafkin ya gurɓata da sulfuric acid, yana sa gishiri ba za a iya ci ba. == Ilimin ƙasa == Rashin da Tafkin Afdera ya cika ya samo asali ne daga kuskuren da aka tsara a wurare da yawa da ke haɗa Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Tat'Ali volcanic range, da Alayta volcanic Range.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an fassara wani ɓarna mai zagaye a cikin kudancin kudancin don yiwuwar wakiltar caldera na dutsen wuta.<ref name=":0" /> == Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa == Tafkin Afdera yana samun ruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu zafi da yawa a kewayen tafkin <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref>, kuma wataƙila, ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ruwan tafkin Afdera ruwan gishiri ne amma ba daga [[teku]] yake fitowa ba. Ruwan nahiyar ya sami gishirin sa ta hanyar amsawar zafi ta hanyar amfani da iskar gas da kuma basalts a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. <ref name=":1" /> Matsayin tafkin ya bambanta sosai a cikin dubban shekaru na ƙarshe. A lokacin [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Danshin Afirka]], matakin tafkin ya fi mita 50 sama da na yau kuma ya mamaye yanki mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gasse |first=Françoise |date=January 1974 |title=Les Diatomées des Sédiments Holocènes du Bassin du Lac Afrera (Giulietti) (Afar Septentrional, Ethiopie). Essai de Reconstitution de l'Évolution du Milieu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iroh.19740590112 |journal=Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=95–122 |bibcode=1974IRH....59...95G |doi=10.1002/iroh.19740590112 |issn=0020-9309 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1960, matakin tafkin yana canzawa koyaushe, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanis |first=Hafid |last2=Aly |first2=Mohamed H. |date=2020-07-03 |title=Desegregation of remote sensing and GIS to characterize fluctuations in the surface water area of Afar Lakes, Ethiopia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 |journal=Geocarto International |language=en |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=976–990 |bibcode=2020GeoIn..35..976N |doi=10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 |issn=1010-6049 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> amma waɗannan bambance-bambancen wataƙila ƙasa da mita ɗaya a girman. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa matakin tafkin yana ƙarƙashin [[Climate|yanayi]] da [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] a kan tudun Habasha ko a cikin [[Danakil Alps|Alps na Danakil]]. [[Fayil:Lake_Afdera_Drone_view.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|Hoton Drone na Tafkin Afdera, yana nuna tafkin gishiri da tsaunuka masu fashewa da ke kewaye.]] == Manazarta == ahtpfrchor9pmeijdnmdq6bmiujx8ly 840981 840979 2026-05-28T06:48:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 840981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Afrera''' (a cikin '''Tafkin Giuletti''' na Italiya) tafki ne mai yawan gishiri a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana cikin Kilbet Rasu, [[Yankin Afar]], yana ɗaya daga cikin tafkunan da ke cikin mawuyacin halin Danakil . Yana da faɗin murabba'in murabba'i {{Convert|117|km2|mi2|0}} kuma yana ɗauke da ruwa mai zurfin kilomita 2.4 ^3. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mafi girman zurfin tafkin Afdera shine mita 80 a yankin arewa da kuma mita 76 a yankin kudu. <ref name=":0" /> Babu wani babban kogi da ke malala tafkin. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi a bakin tafkunan suna ciyar da shi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau an san shi da Lake Giulietti, sunan Raimondo Franchetti ya ba shi bayan mai binciken Italiya Giuseppe Maria Giulietti ya kashe shi da [[Mutanen Afar|Afars]] kudu maso yammacin tafkin. Wani suna ga wannan ruwa shine '''Tafkin Egogi''' (ko Egogi Bad), wanda shine sunan [[L. M. Nesbitt]]'s Afar guide ya ba shi lokacin da mai binciken [[Italiya|Italiyanci]] ya zama Turai na farko da ya gan shi a 1928. Tsibirin guda ɗaya a cikin Tafkin Afrera, [[Franchetti Island|Tsibirin Franchetti]] (wanda aka fi sani da "Deset"), wanda ke cikin kudancin tafkin, an dauke shi tsibirin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Ba kamar sauran tabkuna masu gishiri a Habasha ba (misali, Lakes Abijatta, Shala, da [[Lake Chitu|Chitu]]), pH na Tafkin Afrera yana da ƙasa kuma yana cikin kewayon acidic. Kodayake ba a yi nazari sosai ba, wasu nau'ikan kifi suna karbar bakuncin Tafkin Afrera, gami da nau'ikan biyu: ''Danakilia franchettii'' (cichlid) da ''Aphaniops stiassnyae'' (syn. ''Lebias stiassnyae''; kifi). == Cire gishiri == [[Fayil:Ethiopie-Lac_salé_Afdera_(8).jpg|right|thumb|Gishiri a bakin Tekun Afrera]] An haƙa Gishiri na dutse a Tafkin Afrera, da kuma yankin da ke kewaye da Afar Depression, na ƙarni da yawa. Lt. Lefebvre ya rubuta wasu haɗarin gishiri na hakar ma'adinai daga Mawuyacin hali, wanda ya ji daga ɗaya daga cikin masu hakar ma-adinai da kansa:<blockquote>Ya ce wannan tafkin sau da yawa yana canza siffarsa da wurinsa, wanda ya bayyana a cikin waɗannan kalmomi: tafkin yana motsawa. Sau da yawa, ya kara da cewa, a kan zuwa wani wuri wanda maraice da ya gabata ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ba zato ba tsammani ka shiga, kuma ka ɓace cikin rami. Amma abin da ya fi ban tsoro shi ne yawan ruwa: wani lokacin tafkin ya tashi kamar dutse, kuma ya sake fadawa cikin fili kamar ambaliyar ruwa; duk motoci, mutane da dabbobi sun haɗiye. Akwai, duk da haka, alamun farko, wanda maza da ke hawa kawai zasu iya amfani da shi, ta hanyar tashi da sauri na dabbobi; wani lokaci wasu daga cikinsu sun tsere, kuma daga gare su ne ake samun waɗannan mummunan bayanai.</blockquote> [[Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img114_Afdera.jpg|right|thumb|Samar da gishiri a Tafkin Afrera]] Kwanan nan, Kamfanin Ci Gaban Ma'adanai na Habasha ya tabbatar da kasancewar tan miliyan 290 na gishiri a Tafkin Afrera kadai. Wasu kamfanoni na cikin gida sun yi amfani da su don samar da gishiri daga tafkin ta hanyar yin amfani da saline a cikin tafkuna na wucin gadi don narkewa da hazo na gaba. Bayan fashewar Nabro ta 2011, tafkin ya gurɓata da sulfuric acid, yana sa gishiri ba za a iya ci ba. == Ilimin ƙasa == Rashin da Tafkin Afdera ya cika ya samo asali ne daga kuskuren da aka tsara a wurare da yawa da ke haɗa Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Tat'Ali volcanic range, da Alayta volcanic Range.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an fassara wani ɓarna mai zagaye a cikin kudancin kudancin don yiwuwar wakiltar caldera na dutsen wuta.<ref name=":0" /> == Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa == Tafkin Afdera yana samun ruwan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu zafi da yawa a kewayen tafkin <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bonatti |first=Enrico |last2=Gasperini |first2=Elia |last3=Vigliotti |first3=Luigi |last4=Lupi |first4=Luca |last5=Vaselli |first5=Orlando |last6=Polonia |first6=Alina |last7=Gasperini |first7=Luca |date=2017-05-01 |title=Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea) |journal=Heliyon |language=English |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300301B |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5443967 |pmid=28560355 |doi-access=free}}</ref>, kuma wataƙila, ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ruwan tafkin Afdera ruwan gishiri ne amma ba daga [[teku]] yake fitowa ba. Ruwan nahiyar ya sami gishirin sa ta hanyar amsawar zafi ta hanyar amfani da iskar gas da kuma basalts a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. <ref name=":1" /> Matsayin tafkin ya bambanta sosai a cikin dubban shekaru na ƙarshe. A lokacin [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Danshin Afirka]], matakin tafkin ya fi mita 50 sama da na yau kuma ya mamaye yanki mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gasse |first=Françoise |date=January 1974 |title=Les Diatomées des Sédiments Holocènes du Bassin du Lac Afrera (Giulietti) (Afar Septentrional, Ethiopie). Essai de Reconstitution de l'Évolution du Milieu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iroh.19740590112 |journal=Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=95–122 |bibcode=1974IRH....59...95G |doi=10.1002/iroh.19740590112 |issn=0020-9309 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1960, matakin tafkin yana canzawa koyaushe, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanis |first=Hafid |last2=Aly |first2=Mohamed H. |date=2020-07-03 |title=Desegregation of remote sensing and GIS to characterize fluctuations in the surface water area of Afar Lakes, Ethiopia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 |journal=Geocarto International |language=en |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=976–990 |bibcode=2020GeoIn..35..976N |doi=10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 |issn=1010-6049 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> amma waɗannan bambance-bambancen wataƙila ƙasa da mita ɗaya a girman. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schaegis |first=Jean-Charles |last2=Rime |first2=Valentin |last3=Kidane |first3=Tesfaye |last4=Mosar |first4=Jon |last5=Gebru |first5=Ermias Filfilu |last6=Atnafu |first6=Balemwal |last7=Foubert |first7=Anneleen |date=2021-07-01 |title=Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=9 |bibcode=2021FrEaS...9..530S |doi=10.3389/feart.2021.706643 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana nuna cewa matakin tafkin yana ƙarƙashin [[Climate|yanayi]] da [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] a kan tudun Habasha ko a cikin [[Danakil Alps|Alps na Danakil]]. [[Fayil:Lake_Afdera_Drone_view.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|Hoton Drone na Tafkin Afdera, yana nuna tafkin gishiri da tsaunuka masu fashewa da ke kewaye.]] == Manazarta == nry18syke3jvf2o9iblcvyipzlsz2ze 0 152518 840982 2026-05-28T06:48:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301361492|Lake Ardibbo]]" 840982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ardibbo''' tafkin ruwa ne na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tana arewacin Dessie, a cikin Yankin Debub Wollo na Yankin Amhara . Yana da nisan kilomita biyar kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Hayq; tabkuna biyu suna cikin Tehuledere woreda.<ref>525: Ethiopian Highlands" Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Freshwater ecosystems of the world website (accessed 11 November 2009)</ref> Wannan tafkin ya fi girma fiye da Tafkin Hayq kuma yana gudana cikin Hayq ta hanyar [[Anchercah River|Kogin Anchercah]]. == Manazarta == tjgp5f22595e2pvrgkmdyb25llpafxd 840983 840982 2026-05-28T06:49:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 840983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ardibbo''' tafkin ruwa ne na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tana arewacin Dessie, a cikin Yankin Debub Wollo na Yankin Amhara . Yana da nisan kilomita biyar kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Hayq; tabkuna biyu suna cikin Tehuledere woreda.<ref>525: Ethiopian Highlands" Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine, Freshwater ecosystems of the world website (accessed 11 November 2009)</ref> Wannan tafkin ya fi girma fiye da Tafkin Hayq kuma yana gudana cikin Hayq ta hanyar [[Anchercah River|Kogin Anchercah]]. == Manazarta == 3vpm1nhvm279yzo3qfm72kk5lsm1jza 0 152519 840984 2026-05-28T06:49:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1271442428|Lake Hawassa]]" 840984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Sunset_over_Lake_Awassa,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Rana ta fadi]] '''Tafkin Hawassa''' ko '''Awasa''', wani kwandon kwari ne a Yankin Sidama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke cikin Babban Rift na Habasha a kudancin [[Addis Ababa]], babban birnin kasar. Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 16 da faɗin kilomita 9, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 129. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,708. Tana cikin Awasa Caldera.<ref>Lake Awassa Deprecated link archived 2007-08-07 at archive.today, University of Waterloo website (accessed 1 October 2006)</ref> Saboda masana kimiyya suna iya isa, Tafkin Hawassa shine mafi yawan nazarin Tafkunan Rift Valley a Habasha. A cewar William Taylor, memba na African Lakes and Rivers Research Group a Jami'ar Waterloo, Tafkin Hawassa, duk da rashin fitowarsa, "ainihin tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi (conductivity yana da bambanci, amma ƙasa da 1,000) yana nuna cewa dole ne ya sami hanyar fita ta karkashin kasa. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley * [[Endorheic Basin|Rashin Endorheic]] == Manazarta == sv2u8g04px69tjj2ebdnh82hb724q7x 840985 840984 2026-05-28T06:49:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 840985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Sunset_over_Lake_Awassa,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Rana ta fadi]] '''Tafkin Hawassa''' ko '''Awasa''', wani kwandon kwari ne a Yankin Sidama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke cikin Babban Rift na Habasha a kudancin [[Addis Ababa]], babban birnin kasar. Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 16 da faɗin kilomita 9, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 129. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,708. Tana cikin Awasa Caldera.<ref>Lake Awassa Deprecated link archived 2007-08-07 at archive.today, University of Waterloo website (accessed 1 October 2006)</ref> Saboda masana kimiyya suna iya isa, Tafkin Hawassa shine mafi yawan nazarin Tafkunan Rift Valley a Habasha. A cewar William Taylor, memba na African Lakes and Rivers Research Group a Jami'ar Waterloo, Tafkin Hawassa, duk da rashin fitowarsa, "ainihin tafkin ruwa ne mai laushi (conductivity yana da bambanci, amma ƙasa da 1,000) yana nuna cewa dole ne ya sami hanyar fita ta karkashin kasa. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley * [[Endorheic Basin|Rashin Endorheic]] == Manazarta == odvfe15ujs9w1t1lby30z9t2k147w2w 0 152520 840986 2026-05-28T06:50:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302266131|Lake Bario]]" 840986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Bario''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tafkin Bario yana cikin tsakiyar tafki, ta hanyar da yake karɓar shigowarsa daga Tafkin Afambo zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ruwansa yana gefen kudu, wanda ke kewaye da Dutsen Dama Ali don komai a cikin [[Tafkin Abbe]].<ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, A directory of African wetlands, (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 166</ref> == Manazarta == rl05slobeacmyvsnfnjc09ojp3vfglj 840987 840986 2026-05-28T06:50:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 840987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Bario''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tafkin Bario yana cikin tsakiyar tafki, ta hanyar da yake karɓar shigowarsa daga Tafkin Afambo zuwa arewa maso gabas. Ruwansa yana gefen kudu, wanda ke kewaye da Dutsen Dama Ali don komai a cikin [[Tafkin Abbe]].<ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, A directory of African wetlands, (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 166</ref> == Manazarta == o3xf27hxqt1w1uzw85bq0twaznmnx31 0 152521 840988 2026-05-28T06:51:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1260583502|Lake Basaka]]" 840988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Basaka''' (Oromo: Hora Basakaa; Amharic) tafki ne mai zurfi, mai gishiri a Yankin Oromia na tsakiyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin Great Rift Valley kimanin kilomita 200 (120 kudu maso gabashin babban birnin [[Addis Ababa]] . Tafkin yana da tsawo na mita 950 (3,000. == Girma == Tafkin gishiri ya girma sosai a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, yana girma daga murabba'in kilomita 3 (740 acres) a 1957 zuwa murabba'i kilomita 42.6 (10,500 acres) a 2008. Tafkin yana girma zuwa gabas da arewa maso gabas saboda yanayin yankin.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref> == Tasirin == === Aikin noma === Saboda ci gaban tafkin, akwai damuwa mai yawa cewa zai lalata [[Kogin Awash]] da ke kusa, wanda shine babban tushen ruwa ga gonakin [[auduga]] da [[sukari]] da ke kusa. Wadannan amfanin gona suna da muhimmancin tattalin arziki ga yankin da dukan Habasha.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web |last=William Davison |date=24 April 2013 |title=Mysterious Lake Threatens Ethiopian Sugar Ambitions |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-23/mysterious-lake-threatens-ethiopian-sugar-ambitions.html |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> salinity na tafkin shine 10.7 dS / m. Rashin gishiri na ruwa yana shafar ruwan kasa na yankin yayin da matakan gishiri suka karu a mafi yawan sassan shuka, kuma masana'antun sukari na gida sun rage yawan samarwa saboda asarar yankin da ke girma.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref><ref name="Matehara">{{Cite web |last=Mercy Kahenda |date=20 May 2012 |title=Ethiopia: Expansion of Lake Beseka a Threat to Metehara |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201205221240.html?viewall=1 |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> === Yawan jama'a === A shekara ta 2011, wata makaranta ta fadi saboda matakin da ke girma na tafkin.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web |last=William Davison |date=24 April 2013 |title=Mysterious Lake Threatens Ethiopian Sugar Ambitions |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-23/mysterious-lake-threatens-ethiopian-sugar-ambitions.html |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Hanyar lamba 4, babbar hanyar tsakanin Addis Ababa da [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]] tana da hanyar dindindin da aka gina tun lokacin da tsohuwar babbar hanyar ta nutse. Gidaje ma sun ɓace saboda fadada.<ref name="Matehara">{{Cite web |last=Mercy Kahenda |date=20 May 2012 |title=Ethiopia: Expansion of Lake Beseka a Threat to Metehara |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201205221240.html?viewall=1 |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekaru 20-30 da haihuwa, garin Metehara zai yi hijira tare da 'yan ƙasa 21,000.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == dnkunvpiq0ucl0kd0ypja9rssmn9t71 840989 840988 2026-05-28T06:51:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 840989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Basaka''' (Oromo: Hora Basakaa; Amharic) tafki ne mai zurfi, mai gishiri a Yankin Oromia na tsakiyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin Great Rift Valley kimanin kilomita 200 (120 kudu maso gabashin babban birnin [[Addis Ababa]] . Tafkin yana da tsawo na mita 950 (3,000. == Girma == Tafkin gishiri ya girma sosai a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, yana girma daga murabba'in kilomita 3 (740 acres) a 1957 zuwa murabba'i kilomita 42.6 (10,500 acres) a 2008. Tafkin yana girma zuwa gabas da arewa maso gabas saboda yanayin yankin.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref> == Tasirin == === Aikin noma === Saboda ci gaban tafkin, akwai damuwa mai yawa cewa zai lalata [[Kogin Awash]] da ke kusa, wanda shine babban tushen ruwa ga gonakin [[auduga]] da [[sukari]] da ke kusa. Wadannan amfanin gona suna da muhimmancin tattalin arziki ga yankin da dukan Habasha.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web |last=William Davison |date=24 April 2013 |title=Mysterious Lake Threatens Ethiopian Sugar Ambitions |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-23/mysterious-lake-threatens-ethiopian-sugar-ambitions.html |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> salinity na tafkin shine 10.7 dS / m. Rashin gishiri na ruwa yana shafar ruwan kasa na yankin yayin da matakan gishiri suka karu a mafi yawan sassan shuka, kuma masana'antun sukari na gida sun rage yawan samarwa saboda asarar yankin da ke girma.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref><ref name="Matehara">{{Cite web |last=Mercy Kahenda |date=20 May 2012 |title=Ethiopia: Expansion of Lake Beseka a Threat to Metehara |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201205221240.html?viewall=1 |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> === Yawan jama'a === A shekara ta 2011, wata makaranta ta fadi saboda matakin da ke girma na tafkin.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web |last=William Davison |date=24 April 2013 |title=Mysterious Lake Threatens Ethiopian Sugar Ambitions |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-23/mysterious-lake-threatens-ethiopian-sugar-ambitions.html |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Hanyar lamba 4, babbar hanyar tsakanin Addis Ababa da [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]] tana da hanyar dindindin da aka gina tun lokacin da tsohuwar babbar hanyar ta nutse. Gidaje ma sun ɓace saboda fadada.<ref name="Matehara">{{Cite web |last=Mercy Kahenda |date=20 May 2012 |title=Ethiopia: Expansion of Lake Beseka a Threat to Metehara |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201205221240.html?viewall=1 |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekaru 20-30 da haihuwa, garin Metehara zai yi hijira tare da 'yan ƙasa 21,000.<ref name="WEDC">{{Cite web |last=Megersa Olumana |last2=Willibald Loiskandl |last3=Josef Fürst |date=2009 |title=Effect of Lake Basaka expansion on the sustainability of Matahara SE in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia |url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/34/Olumana_M_-_296.pdf |access-date=28 April 2013 |publisher=WEDC International Conference}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == 6awo1a7lkhtfrgsbg90bvxzi39go4j2 0 152522 840990 2026-05-28T06:52:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315384149|Lake Chamo]]" 840990 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:Lake_Chamo_03.jpg|On the lake Fayil:Crocodylus_niloticus_in_Lake_Chamo_01.jpg|Nile crocodile Fayil:Hippopotamus_amphibius_in_Lake_Chamo_05.jpg|Hippopotamus Fayil:LakeChamoPelicans.jpg|Pelicans </gallery>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chamo''' (Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na kudancin Habasha . Yana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, yana da tsawo na mita 1,110. Tafkin Chamo yana kudu da Tafkin Abaya da garin Arba Minch, gabashin Dutsen Guge, da yammacin Dutsen Amaro. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Chamo yana cikin Nechisar National Park . Dangane da kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta buga, tana da tsawon kilomita 32 da faɗin 13, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 317 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 14 tare da tarin kusan murabba'i kilomita 18757 a girman. Sauran kafofin sun gano shi a kan tsawo na mita 1,235 tare da tsawon kilomita 26 da faɗin kilomita 22 yanki na murabba'in kilomita 551 da ke da murabba'i kilomita 2220 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10.&nbsp;&nbsp; Tafkin yana gefen gadaje na Typha, da kuma wuraren da ke da ruwa. [[Kogin Kulfo]] da ƙananan rafi da yawa ne ke ciyar da shi, da kuma yawan ruwa daga Tafkin Abaya wanda Kogin Ualo ya kawo shi. Oscar Neumann, yana bincika yankin a cikin 1901, ya sami tashar bushe da ke haɗa Tafkin Chamo zuwa [[Kogin Sagan]], wanda ya kai shi ga kammala cewa tafkin yana ba da gudummawa ga Sagan a cikin shekaru na ruwan sama mai yawa. Dabbobin daji sun haɗa da kifi kamar catfish ''[[Bagrus docmak]]'' da Nile perch, da kuma Hippopotamus da Nile crocodiles. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == npg5r9mz3wbpqnvup5ozffgfl97vsjt 840991 840990 2026-05-28T06:52:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315384149|Lake Chamo]]" 840991 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:Lake_Chamo_03.jpg|On the lake Fayil:Crocodylus_niloticus_in_Lake_Chamo_01.jpg|Nile crocodile Fayil:Hippopotamus_amphibius_in_Lake_Chamo_05.jpg|Hippopotamus Fayil:LakeChamoPelicans.jpg|Pelicans </gallery>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chamo''' (Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na kudancin Habasha . Yana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, yana da tsawo na mita 1,110. Tafkin Chamo yana kudu da Tafkin Abaya da garin Arba Minch, gabashin Dutsen Guge, da yammacin Dutsen Amaro.<ref>Oscar Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopian to the Sudan", Geographical Journal, 20 (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Chamo yana cikin Nechisar National Park . Dangane da kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta buga, tana da tsawon kilomita 32 da faɗin 13, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 317 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 14 tare da tarin kusan murabba'i kilomita 18757 a girman. Sauran kafofin sun gano shi a kan tsawo na mita 1,235 tare da tsawon kilomita 26 da faɗin kilomita 22 yanki na murabba'in kilomita 551 da ke da murabba'i kilomita 2220 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10.&nbsp;&nbsp; Tafkin yana gefen gadaje na Typha, da kuma wuraren da ke da ruwa. [[Kogin Kulfo]] da ƙananan rafi da yawa ne ke ciyar da shi, da kuma yawan ruwa daga Tafkin Abaya wanda Kogin Ualo ya kawo shi. Oscar Neumann, yana bincika yankin a cikin 1901, ya sami tashar bushe da ke haɗa Tafkin Chamo zuwa [[Kogin Sagan]], wanda ya kai shi ga kammala cewa tafkin yana ba da gudummawa ga Sagan a cikin shekaru na ruwan sama mai yawa. Dabbobin daji sun haɗa da kifi kamar catfish ''[[Bagrus docmak]]'' da Nile perch, da kuma Hippopotamus da Nile crocodiles. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == saygq67alfi01vhxmz0qnjnd7p51jca 840992 840991 2026-05-28T06:53:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 840992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<gallery> Fayil:Lake_Chamo_03.jpg|On the lake Fayil:Crocodylus_niloticus_in_Lake_Chamo_01.jpg|Nile crocodile Fayil:Hippopotamus_amphibius_in_Lake_Chamo_05.jpg|Hippopotamus Fayil:LakeChamoPelicans.jpg|Pelicans </gallery>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chamo''' (Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na kudancin Habasha . Yana cikin Babban Rift na Habasha, yana da tsawo na mita 1,110. Tafkin Chamo yana kudu da Tafkin Abaya da garin Arba Minch, gabashin Dutsen Guge, da yammacin Dutsen Amaro.<ref>Oscar Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopian to the Sudan", Geographical Journal, 20 (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Chamo yana cikin Nechisar National Park . Dangane da kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta buga, tana da tsawon kilomita 32 da faɗin 13, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 317 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 14 tare da tarin kusan murabba'i kilomita 18757 a girman. Sauran kafofin sun gano shi a kan tsawo na mita 1,235 tare da tsawon kilomita 26 da faɗin kilomita 22 yanki na murabba'in kilomita 551 da ke da murabba'i kilomita 2220 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 10.&nbsp;&nbsp; Tafkin yana gefen gadaje na Typha, da kuma wuraren da ke da ruwa. [[Kogin Kulfo]] da ƙananan rafi da yawa ne ke ciyar da shi, da kuma yawan ruwa daga Tafkin Abaya wanda Kogin Ualo ya kawo shi. Oscar Neumann, yana bincika yankin a cikin 1901, ya sami tashar bushe da ke haɗa Tafkin Chamo zuwa [[Kogin Sagan]], wanda ya kai shi ga kammala cewa tafkin yana ba da gudummawa ga Sagan a cikin shekaru na ruwan sama mai yawa. Dabbobin daji sun haɗa da kifi kamar catfish ''[[Bagrus docmak]]'' da Nile perch, da kuma Hippopotamus da Nile crocodiles. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == 8v2elr4bs7zrjmhtbzbecdxobykoz1v 0 152523 840993 2026-05-28T06:53:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1271917774|Lake Chew Bahir]]" 840993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chew Bahir''' (Amharic: ጨው ባሕር č̣ew bāhir, "kogi mai gishiri") ko '''Tafkin Istifanos''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Stefanie''', '''Basso Naebor''' da '''Chuwaha''',<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> tafki ne a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke kan iyakar kudu maso yammacin Jihar Yankin Habasha ta Kudu, kusa da iyakar da Yankin Oromia. == Yanayin ƙasa == Lokacin da Tafkin Chew Bahir ya cika, ya shimfiɗa zuwa arewacin [[Kenya]]. Da yake kwance a tsakiyar Stephanie Wildlife Sanctuary, tafkin yana da nisan kilomita 40 da 15 (64 da 24.) Wannan tafkin shine ƙasƙanci kuma mafi ƙasƙanta ({{Convert|1,880|ft|m}} m) na jerin tabkuna waɗanda ke cikin arewa maso gabas na ci gaba da Great Rift Valley; <ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> ruwansa ya rabu da ruwa na [[Tafkin Turkana]] ta Humu Range da tuddai a kudancinsa. [[Kumbi Range|Yankin Kumbi]] ya tashi a gefen gabas. Chew Bahir yana ciyarwa daga arewa ta [[Kogin Weito]], da kuma mai ba da gudummawa [[Kogin Sagan|Galana Sagan]]. Galana Sagan yana karɓar yawan Tafkin Chamo a wasu shekaru, amma babu haɗin dindindin. == Tarihi == Count Sámuel Teleki shi ne Ba’amurke na farko da ya ziyarci tafkin a shekarar 1888, kuma ya sanya masa suna Gimbiya Stéphanie ta Belgium, matar Yarima Rudolf na Austria . Bayan ziyarar Teleki, Arthur Donaldson Smith, Vittorio Bottego, MS Welby, Oscar Neumann da sauransu sun binciki tafkin Chew Bahir da tafkunan da ke makwabtaka. JJ Harrison a shekarar 1899 ya ga tafkin ya bushe sosai, kuma bayan shekaru biyu [[Count Wickenburg]] ya sami ruwa ne kawai a yankin arewa. <ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> A shekarar 1960 tafkin ya mamaye kusan 2,000&nbsp;^km2, amma ya ragu zuwa dausayi a sauran ƙarni na 20. == Manazarta == 3kz13hyxy8ergp3tpj4hm8kfuah6ngd 840995 840993 2026-05-28T06:54:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 840995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Chew Bahir''' (Amharic: ጨው ባሕር č̣ew bāhir, "kogi mai gishiri") ko '''Tafkin Istifanos''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Stefanie''', '''Basso Naebor''' da '''Chuwaha''',<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> tafki ne a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke kan iyakar kudu maso yammacin Jihar Yankin Habasha ta Kudu, kusa da iyakar da Yankin Oromia. == Yanayin ƙasa == Lokacin da Tafkin Chew Bahir ya cika, ya shimfiɗa zuwa arewacin [[Kenya]]. Da yake kwance a tsakiyar Stephanie Wildlife Sanctuary, tafkin yana da nisan kilomita 40 da 15 (64 da 24.) Wannan tafkin shine ƙasƙanci kuma mafi ƙasƙanta ({{Convert|1,880|ft|m}} m) na jerin tabkuna waɗanda ke cikin arewa maso gabas na ci gaba da Great Rift Valley; <ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> ruwansa ya rabu da ruwa na [[Tafkin Turkana]] ta Humu Range da tuddai a kudancinsa. [[Kumbi Range|Yankin Kumbi]] ya tashi a gefen gabas. Chew Bahir yana ciyarwa daga arewa ta [[Kogin Weito]], da kuma mai ba da gudummawa [[Kogin Sagan|Galana Sagan]]. Galana Sagan yana karɓar yawan Tafkin Chamo a wasu shekaru, amma babu haɗin dindindin. == Tarihi == Count Sámuel Teleki shi ne Ba’amurke na farko da ya ziyarci tafkin a shekarar 1888, kuma ya sanya masa suna Gimbiya Stéphanie ta Belgium, matar Yarima Rudolf na Austria . Bayan ziyarar Teleki, Arthur Donaldson Smith, Vittorio Bottego, MS Welby, Oscar Neumann da sauransu sun binciki tafkin Chew Bahir da tafkunan da ke makwabtaka. JJ Harrison a shekarar 1899 ya ga tafkin ya bushe sosai, kuma bayan shekaru biyu [[Count Wickenburg]] ya sami ruwa ne kawai a yankin arewa. <ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Stefanie|inline=1}}</ref> A shekarar 1960 tafkin ya mamaye kusan 2,000&nbsp;^km2, amma ya ragu zuwa dausayi a sauran ƙarni na 20. == Manazarta == 1p8tsam6nsiq0xgeb1x1pklnaffvtl3 0 152524 840996 2026-05-28T06:54:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302266124|Lake Gummare]]" 840996 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Gummare''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]].<ref>Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), pp. 402f</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin yana kan kusan arewa maso kudu, tsawon kilomita 15 da faɗin biyar, yana da kimanin hekta 6,000 na ruwa mai budewa. Gummare tana karɓar shigowarta daga Awash a bakin tekun arewa maso yamma, kuma fitowarta tana kan iyakar kudancin inda tashar ta haɗu da tafkin tare da Tafkin Afambo. Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci Tafkin Gummare shi ne Wilfred Thesiger, wanda ya binciki hanyar Awash zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ta a 1935. Thieseger, wanda ya kira wannan ruwa Lake Adobada "White Water"), ya binciki bakin tekun, amma saboda adawar [[Mutanen Afar|Afar]] na yankin, an tilasta masa ya jagoranci babban jikin jam'iyyarsa ba tare da gefen yamma ba, inda babbar hanyar ta gudana, amma "a kusa da gabar gabashin da ba ta da hanya". Wannan yanki bai ga wani baƙo daga wajen Habasha ba har sai Pele Thompson ya sake komawa matakan Thesiger a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 2001. == Manazarta == nabuwt72d6vmf0djq9ohcr0r6nh4g2i 840997 840996 2026-05-28T06:54:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 840997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Gummare''' yana daya daga cikin jerin tabkuna inda [[Kogin Awash]] ya kwashe ruwansa. Tana a ƙarshen gabashin [[Yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]].<ref>Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide, 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), pp. 402f</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Tafkin yana kan kusan arewa maso kudu, tsawon kilomita 15 da faɗin biyar, yana da kimanin hekta 6,000 na ruwa mai budewa. Gummare tana karɓar shigowarta daga Awash a bakin tekun arewa maso yamma, kuma fitowarta tana kan iyakar kudancin inda tashar ta haɗu da tafkin tare da Tafkin Afambo. Mutumin Turai na farko da ya ziyarci Tafkin Gummare shi ne Wilfred Thesiger, wanda ya binciki hanyar Awash zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen ta a 1935. Thieseger, wanda ya kira wannan ruwa Lake Adobada "White Water"), ya binciki bakin tekun, amma saboda adawar [[Mutanen Afar|Afar]] na yankin, an tilasta masa ya jagoranci babban jikin jam'iyyarsa ba tare da gefen yamma ba, inda babbar hanyar ta gudana, amma "a kusa da gabar gabashin da ba ta da hanya". Wannan yanki bai ga wani baƙo daga wajen Habasha ba har sai Pele Thompson ya sake komawa matakan Thesiger a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 2001. == Manazarta == 5dv2340ca7rawimkbl4krc1afq6n8dg 0 152525 840999 2026-05-28T06:55:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294755210|Lake Hayq]]" 840999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Hayq''' (Amharic) tafkin ruwa ne na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana arewacin Dessie, a cikin Yankin Debub Wollo na Yankin Amhara . Garin Hayq yana yammacin tafkin.<ref>This is how Taddesse Tamrat (Church and State, p. 36) interprets its date of 720 in the Futuh al-Habasha. Pankhurst's note on this passage proposes a different interpretation, that the existing church had been built in AH 720, which would have been the first year of the reign of Emperor Newaya Krestos, whom the author of the Futuh credits built the church. (Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst [Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003], p. 265 and n. 614)</ref> Tafkin Hayq yana da tsawon kilomita 6.7 da faɗin kilomita 6, tare da yanki na 23 km2.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baxter, R.M. |last2=Golobitsh, D.L. |year=1970 |title=A note on the limnology of Lake Hayk, Ethiopia |journal=[[Limnology and Oceanography]] |volume=15 |pages=144–149}}</ref> Yana da matsakaicin zurfin 88 m kuma yana da tsawo na mita 2,030 sama da matakin teku. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu a cikin Tehuledere woreda.&nbsp; == Tarihi == A cewar wani labari na yankin, an halicci tafkin ne don rama wata mace mai ciki wacce yarima ta yi mata laifi. Allah ya yi fushi sosai da wannan rashin adalci, kuma a cikin fushinsa ya juya duk ƙasar da ke kewaye da matar (sai dai ƙasa da take zaune a kanta) cikin ruwa wanda ya zama tafki, ya hallaka yarima tare da abokanta da dangi a cikin tsari. Inda mace mai ciki ke zaune ya zama tsibiri (yanzu tsibiri) inda Masallacin Istifanos, wanda Iyasus Mo'a ya kafa a tsakiyar karni na 13. Tsohon dalibi na Iyasus Mo'a, Tekle Haymanot, ya ci gaba da kafa gidan ibada na Debra Asbos (wanda aka sake masa suna a karni na 15 zuwa Debre Lebanon) a Shewa . Tekle Haymanot na ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai biyar masu haske na addini waɗanda suka zama "haske biyar na Kiristanci" don kudancin Habasha. Iyasus Mo'a ya kuma taka rawar gani a juyin mulkin Yekuno Amlak na Daular Zagwe, kuma ya taimaka wajen dawo da daular Solomonic. Bayan da Yekuno Amlak ya hau gadon sarauta, Ikilisiyar Istifanos ta zama Masallacin Istifanos. Mutumin Turai na farko da aka sani da ya kalli tafkin shine Francisco Álvares, wanda ya wuce kusa da shi a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1520. Ya ambaci tafkin yana da Hippopotamuses da catfish, kuma ƙasar da ke kewaye da shi an dasa shi a cikin lemun tsami, orange, da citrons. [[Liman|Imam]] Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ya sace kuma ya ƙone wannan coci a watan Nuwamba, 1531. Har yanzu ana iya ganin rushewar cocin, kuma labarin ya nuna cewa sarakuna da sarakuna da ke zaune a wannan fadar sun Kifi cocin. == Manazarta == huxvad1hiwa9ooqqvrobzmhyoqeg3u5 841000 840999 2026-05-28T06:55:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Hayq''' (Amharic) tafkin ruwa ne na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana arewacin Dessie, a cikin Yankin Debub Wollo na Yankin Amhara . Garin Hayq yana yammacin tafkin.<ref>This is how Taddesse Tamrat (Church and State, p. 36) interprets its date of 720 in the Futuh al-Habasha. Pankhurst's note on this passage proposes a different interpretation, that the existing church had been built in AH 720, which would have been the first year of the reign of Emperor Newaya Krestos, whom the author of the Futuh credits built the church. (Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst [Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003], p. 265 and n. 614)</ref> Tafkin Hayq yana da tsawon kilomita 6.7 da faɗin kilomita 6, tare da yanki na 23 km2.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baxter, R.M. |last2=Golobitsh, D.L. |year=1970 |title=A note on the limnology of Lake Hayk, Ethiopia |journal=[[Limnology and Oceanography]] |volume=15 |pages=144–149}}</ref> Yana da matsakaicin zurfin 88 m kuma yana da tsawo na mita 2,030 sama da matakin teku. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu a cikin Tehuledere woreda.&nbsp; == Tarihi == A cewar wani labari na yankin, an halicci tafkin ne don rama wata mace mai ciki wacce yarima ta yi mata laifi. Allah ya yi fushi sosai da wannan rashin adalci, kuma a cikin fushinsa ya juya duk ƙasar da ke kewaye da matar (sai dai ƙasa da take zaune a kanta) cikin ruwa wanda ya zama tafki, ya hallaka yarima tare da abokanta da dangi a cikin tsari. Inda mace mai ciki ke zaune ya zama tsibiri (yanzu tsibiri) inda Masallacin Istifanos, wanda Iyasus Mo'a ya kafa a tsakiyar karni na 13. Tsohon dalibi na Iyasus Mo'a, Tekle Haymanot, ya ci gaba da kafa gidan ibada na Debra Asbos (wanda aka sake masa suna a karni na 15 zuwa Debre Lebanon) a Shewa . Tekle Haymanot na ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai biyar masu haske na addini waɗanda suka zama "haske biyar na Kiristanci" don kudancin Habasha. Iyasus Mo'a ya kuma taka rawar gani a juyin mulkin Yekuno Amlak na Daular Zagwe, kuma ya taimaka wajen dawo da daular Solomonic. Bayan da Yekuno Amlak ya hau gadon sarauta, Ikilisiyar Istifanos ta zama Masallacin Istifanos. Mutumin Turai na farko da aka sani da ya kalli tafkin shine Francisco Álvares, wanda ya wuce kusa da shi a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1520. Ya ambaci tafkin yana da Hippopotamuses da catfish, kuma ƙasar da ke kewaye da shi an dasa shi a cikin lemun tsami, orange, da citrons. [[Liman|Imam]] Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ya sace kuma ya ƙone wannan coci a watan Nuwamba, 1531. Har yanzu ana iya ganin rushewar cocin, kuma labarin ya nuna cewa sarakuna da sarakuna da ke zaune a wannan fadar sun Kifi cocin. == Manazarta == tql8z60vd5vo9rprwtbpjwg6zcc6l3s 0 152526 841001 2026-05-28T06:56:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334758810|Lake Ashenge]]" 841001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Hashenge''' (kuma ጻዕዳ ባሕሪ Lake Hashange, Lake Hashengi) tafki ne a kudancin Yankin Tigray na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin tsaunukan Habasha a tsawo na mita 2409, ba ta da hanyar fita. Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, Tafkin Hashenge yana da tsawon kilomita biyar da faɗin kilomita huɗu, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 20. Mai binciken Burtaniya Henry Salt, wanda ya lura cewa sunan [[Harshen Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] na tafkin shine ''Tsada Bahri'' ("White Sea") daga yawan tsuntsaye da ke rufe farfajiya, ya rubuta al'adar yankin cewa babban birni ya taɓa tsayawa a shafin Hashenge, amma "an hallaka shi, a cikin rashin jin daɗinsa, ta hannun Allah nan da nan. " Labarin yana da rai har zuwa yau. A bakin tekun akwai Mifsas Bahri wani muhimmin wurin binciken archaeological na marigayi Axumite. == Tarihi == A ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 1542, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, shugaban [[Adal Sultanate]], ya ci gaba a kan shinge na [[Portugal|Portuguese]] kusa da [[Ofla]] a kudancin Ashenge, inda ya yi yaƙi da Yaƙin Wofla kuma ya ci nasara, bayan haka ya kama kuma ya kashe shugaban Cristóvão da Gama. Wani sanannen yaƙin da ya faru a bakin wannan tafkin shine [[Battle of Lake Ashenge|Yaƙin Tafkin Ashenge]] a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1909, lokacin da Dejazmach Abate Bwalu ya ci sojojin 'yan tawaye na Dejazmach [[Abraha Araya]] . A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1936, dubban sojoji na Daular Habasha sun mutu da iskar guba a duk faɗin Tafkin Ashenge. Sojojin suna janyewa daga [[Yaƙin Maychew]] a lokacin yakin Italo-Abyssinian na biyu . Yayin da suka janye, Italiyanci sun yayyafa kuma sun jefa bam a yankin da ke kusa da tafkin tare da iskar mustard don haifar da mummunar sakamako. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie I kalli da fidda rai game da mummunar ganin gawawwakin sojojinsa suna busa tafkin mai guba. == Tarihin halitta == An san kwari na ruwa mai laushi ''Ancylus ashangiensis'' ne kawai daga Tafkin Ashenge . Tafkin Ashenge, tafkin da aka rufe kusa da arewacin shigar ruwan sama na rani, an sanya shi da kyau don samar da rikodin nahiyar na canje-canje da suka gabata a cikin ƙarfin tsarin ruwan sama na Afirka. Binciken isotope na Diatom da isotope game da tafkin ya tabbatar da cewa yanayin canjin yanayi gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 17,000 da suka gabata ya haifar da tilasta, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar sauye-sauye na kwatsam wanda za'a iya danganta shi da canje-canje a yanayin zafi na Atlantic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Michael H. |last2=Lamb |first2=Henry F. |last3=Davies |first3=Sarah J. |last4=Leng |first4=Melanie J. |last5=Kubsa |first5=Zelalem |last6=Umer |first6=Mohammed |last7=Bryant |first7=Charlotte |date=August 2009 |title=Climatic change in northern Ethiopia during the past 17,000 years: A diatom and stable isotope record from Lake Ashenge |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=279 |issue=1–2 |pages=114–127 |bibcode=2009PPP...279..114M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.003 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref> == Manazarta == eg6nu3cwgvvlxnkmwvgozhvxnmif5g9 841002 841001 2026-05-28T06:56:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 841002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Hashenge''' (kuma ጻዕዳ ባሕሪ Lake Hashange, Lake Hashengi) tafki ne a kudancin Yankin Tigray na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana cikin tsaunukan Habasha a tsawo na mita 2409, ba ta da hanyar fita. Dangane da Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia na 1967/68, Tafkin Hashenge yana da tsawon kilomita biyar da faɗin kilomita huɗu, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 20. Mai binciken Burtaniya Henry Salt, wanda ya lura cewa sunan [[Harshen Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] na tafkin shine ''Tsada Bahri'' ("White Sea") daga yawan tsuntsaye da ke rufe farfajiya, ya rubuta al'adar yankin cewa babban birni ya taɓa tsayawa a shafin Hashenge, amma "an hallaka shi, a cikin rashin jin daɗinsa, ta hannun Allah nan da nan. " Labarin yana da rai har zuwa yau. A bakin tekun akwai Mifsas Bahri wani muhimmin wurin binciken archaeological na marigayi Axumite. == Tarihi == A ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 1542, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, shugaban [[Adal Sultanate]], ya ci gaba a kan shinge na [[Portugal|Portuguese]] kusa da [[Ofla]] a kudancin Ashenge, inda ya yi yaƙi da Yaƙin Wofla kuma ya ci nasara, bayan haka ya kama kuma ya kashe shugaban Cristóvão da Gama. Wani sanannen yaƙin da ya faru a bakin wannan tafkin shine [[Battle of Lake Ashenge|Yaƙin Tafkin Ashenge]] a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1909, lokacin da Dejazmach Abate Bwalu ya ci sojojin 'yan tawaye na Dejazmach [[Abraha Araya]] . A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1936, dubban sojoji na Daular Habasha sun mutu da iskar guba a duk faɗin Tafkin Ashenge. Sojojin suna janyewa daga [[Yaƙin Maychew]] a lokacin yakin Italo-Abyssinian na biyu . Yayin da suka janye, Italiyanci sun yayyafa kuma sun jefa bam a yankin da ke kusa da tafkin tare da iskar mustard don haifar da mummunar sakamako. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie I kalli da fidda rai game da mummunar ganin gawawwakin sojojinsa suna busa tafkin mai guba. == Tarihin halitta == An san kwari na ruwa mai laushi ''Ancylus ashangiensis'' ne kawai daga Tafkin Ashenge . Tafkin Ashenge, tafkin da aka rufe kusa da arewacin shigar ruwan sama na rani, an sanya shi da kyau don samar da rikodin nahiyar na canje-canje da suka gabata a cikin ƙarfin tsarin ruwan sama na Afirka. Binciken isotope na Diatom da isotope game da tafkin ya tabbatar da cewa yanayin canjin yanayi gaba ɗaya a cikin shekaru 17,000 da suka gabata ya haifar da tilasta, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar sauye-sauye na kwatsam wanda za'a iya danganta shi da canje-canje a yanayin zafi na Atlantic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Michael H. |last2=Lamb |first2=Henry F. |last3=Davies |first3=Sarah J. |last4=Leng |first4=Melanie J. |last5=Kubsa |first5=Zelalem |last6=Umer |first6=Mohammed |last7=Bryant |first7=Charlotte |date=August 2009 |title=Climatic change in northern Ethiopia during the past 17,000 years: A diatom and stable isotope record from Lake Ashenge |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=279 |issue=1–2 |pages=114–127 |bibcode=2009PPP...279..114M |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.003 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref> == Manazarta == ntacyvtwxrhr3whsuajbv9tofpieqb5 0 152527 841003 2026-05-28T06:57:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321363110|Lake Karum]]" 841003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Karum''' (wanda kuma aka sani da Tafkin '''Assale''' ko '''Asale''' ) [[tafki]] ne mai gishiri a [[yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ɗaya daga cikin tafkuna biyu masu gishiri a ƙarshen arewacin yankin Danakil (ɗayan kuma shine Tafkin Afrera ), yana da fadin murabba'in {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}} ƙasa da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] . Dutsen [[Erta Ale]] yana tashi kudu maso gabashin wannan tafkin.<ref>Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 114. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89577-087-3</nowiki>.</ref> Werner Munzinger, wanda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Afar Depression a 1867, ya rubuta cewa wannan tafkin ya sami ruwa daga koguna huɗu: The Didic, Ala, Rira Guddy, da Ragali ko Awra, wanda shine kawai rafi na dindindin da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Karum. Arewacin Tafkin Karum shine tsohon mazaunin ma'adinai na [[Dallol (ghost town)|Dallol]] . Tafkin yana da [[gishiri]] sosai kuma an kewaye shi da gishiri-pan, wanda har yanzu ana haƙa shi. Ana jigilar gishiri ta hanyar motoci zuwa sauran ƙasar.<gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img01_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Salt flat at Lake Karum Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img60_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Water of Lake Karum, visible through a hole in the salt flat Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img62_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Salt workers at work Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img65_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Processed salt Fayil:Salt_transport_by_a_camel_train_on_Lake_Assale_(Karum)_in_Ethiopia.jpg|Salt transport by a camel train </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Afrera * Tafkin Assal (Djibouti) == Manazarta == d97h1mr7xnpm3sug1iyipf22b0nonst 841004 841003 2026-05-28T06:57:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 841004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Karum''' (wanda kuma aka sani da Tafkin '''Assale''' ko '''Asale''' ) [[tafki]] ne mai gishiri a [[yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ɗaya daga cikin tafkuna biyu masu gishiri a ƙarshen arewacin yankin Danakil (ɗayan kuma shine Tafkin Afrera ), yana da fadin murabba'in {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}} ƙasa da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] . Dutsen [[Erta Ale]] yana tashi kudu maso gabashin wannan tafkin.<ref>Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). Natural Wonders of the World. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 114. <nowiki>ISBN 0-89577-087-3</nowiki>.</ref> Werner Munzinger, wanda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Afar Depression a 1867, ya rubuta cewa wannan tafkin ya sami ruwa daga koguna huɗu: The Didic, Ala, Rira Guddy, da Ragali ko Awra, wanda shine kawai rafi na dindindin da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Karum. Arewacin Tafkin Karum shine tsohon mazaunin ma'adinai na [[Dallol (ghost town)|Dallol]] . Tafkin yana da [[gishiri]] sosai kuma an kewaye shi da gishiri-pan, wanda har yanzu ana haƙa shi. Ana jigilar gishiri ta hanyar motoci zuwa sauran ƙasar.<gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img01_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Salt flat at Lake Karum Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img60_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Water of Lake Karum, visible through a hole in the salt flat Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img62_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Salt workers at work Fayil:ET_Afar_asv2018-01_img65_Lake_Karum_area.jpg|Processed salt Fayil:Salt_transport_by_a_camel_train_on_Lake_Assale_(Karum)_in_Ethiopia.jpg|Salt transport by a camel train </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Afrera * Tafkin Assal (Djibouti) == Manazarta == goy4z7jloelcusi1g576rrmdxjxv89u 0 152528 841005 2026-05-28T06:58:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297278665|Lake Langano]]" 841005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weather box}}'''Tafkin Langano''' ([[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]]: Hora Langaanoo, Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Oromia na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], daidai kilomita 200 ta hanyar hanya kudu da babban birnin, [[Addis Ababa]], a kan iyaka tsakanin Yankin Gabashin Shewa da Yankin Arsi . Tana gabashin Tafkin Abijatta a cikin Babban Rift na Habasha a tsawo na mita 1,585.<ref>Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopia to the Sudan", Geographical Journal, 20 (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[File:Sunrise_over_Langano,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Rana ta fito a kan Tafkin Langano.]] Dangane da kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta buga, Tafkin Langano yana da tsawon kilomita 18 da faɗin kilomita 16, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 230 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 46. Yankin tafkin yana da murabba'in kilomita 1,600 a girman, kuma kogin Hora Kallo ne ya zubar da shi wanda ke shiga cikin Tafkin Abijatta da ke kusa.&nbsp; Kamar yadda yake da [[Masasaku|Bilharzia]] (schistosomiasis), ba kamar sauran tabkuna na ruwa mai laushi a Habasha ba, Tafkin Langano ya shahara tare da masu yawon bude ido da mazaunan birni. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa kuma a gani na farko mutum na iya tunanin cewa tafkin ba shi da tsabta. Koyaya wannan ba haka ba ne, dalilin launi shine saboda wadatar ma'adanai ciki har da matakan sulfur masu yawa waɗanda suka sa mutane da yawa su yi imani da cewa ruwan tafkin yana da kaddarorin warkarwa. Akwai wuraren shakatawa da yawa a kusa da tafkin kuma wasanni na ruwa sun shahara. Akwai dabbobi iri-iri da ke kewaye da tafkin, wadanda suka hada da Hippos (rare), [[Biri|birai]], baboons, warthogs, da manyan tsuntsaye iri-iri. Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya fi lalacewa, duk da haka, kuma makiyaya da yawa suna zaune a kusa da yankin. Girgizar ƙasa guda biyu suna da cibiyar su kusa da wannan tafkin, ta farko a cikin 1906 (girma 6.8 a kan sikelin Richter), kuma ta biyu a cikin 1985 (girma 6.52). Bayan girgizar kasa ta 1906 an kafa wani geyser mai tsayi 25-30 m a tsibirin Edo Laki a arewacin tafkin. Ruwan ruwa ya ɓace a kusa da 1966 - 1970, ya bar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi.&nbsp; == Yanayi == == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == 15wz6gvfqkvy766dhqohe2nlht4x97q 841007 841005 2026-05-28T06:58:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 841007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Langano''' ([[Harshen Oromo|Oromo]]: Hora Langaanoo, Amharic) tafki ne a Yankin Oromia na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], daidai kilomita 200 ta hanyar hanya kudu da babban birnin, [[Addis Ababa]], a kan iyaka tsakanin Yankin Gabashin Shewa da Yankin Arsi . Tana gabashin Tafkin Abijatta a cikin Babban Rift na Habasha a tsawo na mita 1,585.<ref>Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopia to the Sudan", Geographical Journal, 20 (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[File:Sunrise_over_Langano,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Rana ta fito a kan Tafkin Langano.]] Dangane da kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya ta buga, Tafkin Langano yana da tsawon kilomita 18 da faɗin kilomita 16, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 230 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 46. Yankin tafkin yana da murabba'in kilomita 1,600 a girman, kuma kogin Hora Kallo ne ya zubar da shi wanda ke shiga cikin Tafkin Abijatta da ke kusa.&nbsp; Kamar yadda yake da [[Masasaku|Bilharzia]] (schistosomiasis), ba kamar sauran tabkuna na ruwa mai laushi a Habasha ba, Tafkin Langano ya shahara tare da masu yawon bude ido da mazaunan birni. Tafkin yana da launin ruwan kasa kuma a gani na farko mutum na iya tunanin cewa tafkin ba shi da tsabta. Koyaya wannan ba haka ba ne, dalilin launi shine saboda wadatar ma'adanai ciki har da matakan sulfur masu yawa waɗanda suka sa mutane da yawa su yi imani da cewa ruwan tafkin yana da kaddarorin warkarwa. Akwai wuraren shakatawa da yawa a kusa da tafkin kuma wasanni na ruwa sun shahara. Akwai dabbobi iri-iri da ke kewaye da tafkin, wadanda suka hada da Hippos (rare), [[Biri|birai]], baboons, warthogs, da manyan tsuntsaye iri-iri. Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya fi lalacewa, duk da haka, kuma makiyaya da yawa suna zaune a kusa da yankin. Girgizar ƙasa guda biyu suna da cibiyar su kusa da wannan tafkin, ta farko a cikin 1906 (girma 6.8 a kan sikelin Richter), kuma ta biyu a cikin 1985 (girma 6.52). Bayan girgizar kasa ta 1906 an kafa wani geyser mai tsayi 25-30 m a tsibirin Edo Laki a arewacin tafkin. Ruwan ruwa ya ɓace a kusa da 1966 - 1970, ya bar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi.&nbsp; == Yanayi == == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == m15sd3hki48ibkftqilczc02whfa24u 0 152529 841006 2026-05-28T06:58:26Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216310222|Era (reservoir)]]" 841006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Era''' wani tafki ne dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 16.73 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 == Girmann aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1 920 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 480 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 37 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 100 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 95 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 16 ^{da faɗin 2.} Magudanar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mnazarta == kzs7nb0lqkclgmr0u23rdz70pzi8aqn 841009 841006 2026-05-28T06:59:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Era''' wani tafki ne dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 16.73 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 == Girmann aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1 920 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 480 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 37 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 100 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 95 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 16 ^{da faɗin 2.} Magudanar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mnazarta == lc5c4z1yt72hiubfbjaqvheoa6lx7db 0 152530 841008 2026-05-28T06:59:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332378011|Nigat Lake]]" 841008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''tafkin Nigat''' (Amharic) tafki ne na wucin gadi a Habasha, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar rufe Kogin Blue Nile ta Babban Dam na Renaissance na Habasha (GERD). A cikakkiyar iyawa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tafkuna a Afirka kuma daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, tare da adanawa sama da cubic mita biliyan 70 - mafi girma fiye da [[Tafkin Volta]] a Ghana, kwatankwacin [[Tafkin Nasser]] a kan iyakar Masar da Sudan, da kuma matsayi tare da manyan ayyukan duniya kamar [[Tafkin Kariba]] da Tafkin Three Gorges na China. An sanya sunan a hukumance a cikin 2025 yayin da madatsar ruwan ta kai cikakken riƙe ruwa, alama ce ta burin Habasha don samar da makamashi da ci gaba.<ref>Ethiopia: Tourism Potentials of Nigat Lake Highlighted, AllAfrica, 29 August 2025</ref> Tafkin Nigat yana cikin Yankin Benishangul-Gumuz na yammacin Habasha, kimanin kilomita 14 a gabashin iyakar Sudan. Yana kwance a cikin zurfin kogi na Blue Nile, yana kaiwa sama zuwa cikin tsaunuka na Habasha. * '''Yankin saman''': ~1,874 km2 a matakin cikakken wadata * '''Tsawon mafi girma''': ~ 246 km * '''Mafi zurfi''' zurfi: ~140 m * Jimlar damar ajiya: ~74 biliyan m3 (wanda ~ 59.2 biliyan m 3 shine ajiya mai aiki) * Yankin da aka kama: ~172,250 km2 <ref name="AddisInsightStats" /> == Kafawa == Ruwan ya fara cikawa a watan Yulin 2020, tare da matakai masu zuwa na impoundment a 2021, 2022, 2023, da kuma cikawa ta ƙarshe a watan Oktoba 2024. Da zarar an rufe shi, tafkin ya mamaye babban kwarin, ya haifar da tsibirai sama da 70. == Manufar == Babban manufar Tafkin Nigat shine don tallafawa samar da wutar lantarki a Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, wanda ke da ƙarfin shigarwa sama da 5,000 MW, yana mai da shi mafi girman kayan aikin hydroelectric a Afirka. Har ila yau, tafkin yana tsara kwararar kogin yanayi kuma yana ba da dama ga kamun kifi, ban ruwa, da kewayawa. == Muhalli da tattalin arziki == Tafkin Nigat ya kirkiro sabbin wuraren zama na ruwa, kamun kifi na ruwa mai laushi, da kuma damar yawon shakatawa. An gabatar da tsare-tsare don gidajen da ke gefen tafkin, wuraren shakatawa masu iyo, da wuraren kallon tsuntsaye a bakin tekun. Ana sa ran tafkin zai tallafa wa kamun kifi na kasuwanci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsaron abinci na gida da kuma rayuwar rayuwa.<ref name="AllAfricaTourism" /> == Tarihi da suna == Ginin Babban madatsar ruwan Habasha na Renaissance ya fara ne a cikin shekara ta 2011. Gidan tafkin ya kai matakin karshe da aka tsara a shekarar 2024. An karɓi sunan "Nigat Lake" (Amharic: ንጋት, nigat ma'anar "haske") a hukumance a wannan shekarar, wanda ke wakiltar bayyanar alama ta zamanin lantarki na zamani na Habasha. == Manazarta == 4rj2eqrywbz560331li0dhg9kiyx74o 841010 841008 2026-05-28T06:59:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 841010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Nigat''' (Amharic) tafki ne na wucin gadi a Habasha, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar rufe Kogin Blue Nile ta Babban Dam na Renaissance na Habasha (GERD). A cikakkiyar iyawa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tafkuna a Afirka kuma daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, tare da adanawa sama da cubic mita biliyan 70 - mafi girma fiye da [[Tafkin Volta]] a Ghana, kwatankwacin [[Tafkin Nasser]] a kan iyakar Masar da Sudan, da kuma matsayi tare da manyan ayyukan duniya kamar [[Tafkin Kariba]] da Tafkin Three Gorges na China. An sanya sunan a hukumance a cikin 2025 yayin da madatsar ruwan ta kai cikakken riƙe ruwa, alama ce ta burin Habasha don samar da makamashi da ci gaba.<ref>Ethiopia: Tourism Potentials of Nigat Lake Highlighted, AllAfrica, 29 August 2025</ref> Tafkin Nigat yana cikin Yankin Benishangul-Gumuz na yammacin Habasha, kimanin kilomita 14 a gabashin iyakar Sudan. Yana kwance a cikin zurfin kogi na Blue Nile, yana kaiwa sama zuwa cikin tsaunuka na Habasha. * '''Yankin saman''': ~1,874 km2 a matakin cikakken wadata * '''Tsawon mafi girma''': ~ 246 km * '''Mafi zurfi''' zurfi: ~140 m * Jimlar damar ajiya: ~74 biliyan m3 (wanda ~ 59.2 biliyan m 3 shine ajiya mai aiki) * Yankin da aka kama: ~172,250 km2 <ref name="AddisInsightStats" /> == Kafawa == Ruwan ya fara cikawa a watan Yulin 2020, tare da matakai masu zuwa na impoundment a 2021, 2022, 2023, da kuma cikawa ta ƙarshe a watan Oktoba 2024. Da zarar an rufe shi, tafkin ya mamaye babban kwarin, ya haifar da tsibirai sama da 70. == Manufar == Babban manufar Tafkin Nigat shine don tallafawa samar da wutar lantarki a Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, wanda ke da ƙarfin shigarwa sama da 5,000 MW, yana mai da shi mafi girman kayan aikin hydroelectric a Afirka. Har ila yau, tafkin yana tsara kwararar kogin yanayi kuma yana ba da dama ga kamun kifi, ban ruwa, da kewayawa. == Muhalli da tattalin arziki == Tafkin Nigat ya kirkiro sabbin wuraren zama na ruwa, kamun kifi na ruwa mai laushi, da kuma damar yawon shakatawa. An gabatar da tsare-tsare don gidajen da ke gefen tafkin, wuraren shakatawa masu iyo, da wuraren kallon tsuntsaye a bakin tekun. Ana sa ran tafkin zai tallafa wa kamun kifi na kasuwanci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsaron abinci na gida da kuma rayuwar rayuwa.<ref name="AllAfricaTourism" /> == Tarihi da suna == Ginin Babban madatsar ruwan Habasha na Renaissance ya fara ne a cikin shekara ta 2011. Gidan tafkin ya kai matakin karshe da aka tsara a shekarar 2024. An karɓi sunan "Nigat Lake" (Amharic: ንጋት, nigat ma'anar "haske") a hukumance a wannan shekarar, wanda ke wakiltar bayyanar alama ta zamanin lantarki na zamani na Habasha. == Manazarta == 7glycsyjomk27oi7rs58laswhq7vpyz 0 152531 841011 2026-05-28T07:00:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1234533442|Lake Shala]]" 841011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Shala''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Shalla''') Tafkin alkaline ne wanda ke cikin Kwarin Rift na Habasha, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Abijatta-Shalla.<ref>Baxter, R. M. "Lake Morphology and Chemistry", in Taylor, W.D. and Tudorancea, C., eds. Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes (Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2002)</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Tafki|tafkin]] yana da tsawon kilomita 28 da faɗin kilomita 12, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 329. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 266 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,558.<ref name="baxter" /> Saboda haka, ita ce mafi zurfi daga cikin tabkuna na Rift Valley na Habasha. An san shi da maɓuɓɓugar sulfur a kan tafkin, [[Tsibirin|tsibirai]] suna zaune da manyan fararen pelicans, wanda aka sani da Pelican Island. Tafkin Shala yana kewaye da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi cike da ruwan tafki, kuma ƙasar da ke kewaye da tafkin ta cika da tsagewa saboda rushewa da girgizar ƙasa. Saboda tururi da ke tashi daga ruwan tafasa a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, yanayin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana da hazo. Ana samun nau'o'in flamingoes da tsuntsaye daban-daban da ke yawan zuwa tafkin a ƙarshen kudancin. == Dubi kuma == * O'a Caldera * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == o0k0fdzllye7edsuj4afmq3ej2keye6 841012 841011 2026-05-28T07:00:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 841012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Shala''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Shalla''') Tafkin alkaline ne wanda ke cikin Kwarin Rift na Habasha, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Abijatta-Shalla.<ref>Baxter, R. M. "Lake Morphology and Chemistry", in Taylor, W.D. and Tudorancea, C., eds. Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes (Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2002)</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Tafki|tafkin]] yana da tsawon kilomita 28 da faɗin kilomita 12, tare da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 329. Yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 266 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1,558.<ref name="baxter" /> Saboda haka, ita ce mafi zurfi daga cikin tabkuna na Rift Valley na Habasha. An san shi da maɓuɓɓugar sulfur a kan tafkin, [[Tsibirin|tsibirai]] suna zaune da manyan fararen pelicans, wanda aka sani da Pelican Island. Tafkin Shala yana kewaye da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi cike da ruwan tafki, kuma ƙasar da ke kewaye da tafkin ta cika da tsagewa saboda rushewa da girgizar ƙasa. Saboda tururi da ke tashi daga ruwan tafasa a cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, yanayin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana da hazo. Ana samun nau'o'in flamingoes da tsuntsaye daban-daban da ke yawan zuwa tafkin a ƙarshen kudancin. == Dubi kuma == * O'a Caldera * Tafkunan Rift Valley == Manazarta == rfv9kj8f5sc6152aonn8fqauguo4o23 0 152532 841013 2026-05-28T07:00:46Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216310542|Dur Anbesa]]" 841013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dur Anbesa''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 2001 ta hannun SAERT . [[Ruwan ruwa|Babban ma'ajiyar]] ma'ajiyar ruwan yana da girman kilomita 10 ^da faɗinsa. Ma'ajiyar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|fitar da ruwa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Yanayinn Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 18 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 605 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 === Ƙarfin aiki === * Asali iya aiki: 900 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ba ta da matuƙa]] : 115 598 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 14 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 36. === Ban ruwa === * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 61 == Manazarta == dcfgflmk29connj4x4mepb7atgg0v5v 841014 841013 2026-05-28T07:01:04Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dur Anbesa''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 2001 ta hannun SAERT . [[Ruwan ruwa|Babban ma'ajiyar]] ma'ajiyar ruwan yana da girman kilomita 10 ^da faɗinsa. Ma'ajiyar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|fitar da ruwa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Yanayinn Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 18 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 605 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 === Ƙarfin aiki === * Asali iya aiki: 900 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ba ta da matuƙa]] : 115 598 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 14 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 36. === Ban ruwa === * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 61 == Manazarta == 2oaddyau9f45pyp7or2klg243rza6ee 0 152533 841015 2026-05-28T07:01:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339896125|Lake Tana]]" 841015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Tana''' ( Amharic ; '''Tsana''' da aka rubuta a baya {{Sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} ) ita ce [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kuma tushen Blue Nile . Tana cikin Yankin Amhara a tsaunukan arewa maso yammacin Habasha, tafkin yana da tsawon {{Convert|84|km|mi}} da faɗin {{Convert|66|km|mi}}, tare da zurfin {{Convert|15|m|ft}}, da tsayin {{Convert|1788|m|ft}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |access-date=4 November 2013 |website=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency}}</ref> Kogin [[Gilgel Aba|Gilgel Abay]], [[Kogin Reb|Reb]] da [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]] suna ciyar da tafkin Tana. Yankin samansa ya kama daga {{Convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2}}, ya danganta da yanayi da ruwan sama. An tsara matakin tafkin tun lokacin da aka gina wurin sarrafawa inda tafkin ke kwarara zuwa cikin Blue Nile. Wannan yana sarrafa kwararar ruwa zuwa [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] (Tis Abbai) da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zabi yankin Lake Tana a matsayin [[Ajiyyayyen yanayi|UNESCO Biosphere Reserve]] wanda ya amince da muhimmancin halitta da al'adu na kasa da kasa. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Lake_Tana,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Ra'ayoyi game da Tafkin Tana]] Tafkin Tana ya samo asali ne daga aikin dutsen wuta, wanda ya toshe kwararar koguna a farkon Pleistocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. Tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a yau. Manyan koguna bakwai na dindindin suna ciyar da tafkin da kuma kananan koguna 40 na yanayi. Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin tafkin sune Gilgel Abbay (Kananan Kogin Nilu), da kogin Megech, Gumara, da Rib. Tafkin Tana yana da tsibirai da yawa, wanda yawan su ya bambanta da matakin tafkin. Ya fadi kusan {{Convert|6|ft|m}} a cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata. A cewar Manuel de Almeida, wani mishan na Portugal a farkon karni na 17, akwai tsibirai 21, bakwai ko takwas daga cikinsu suna da masallatai a kansu "tsohon babba, amma yanzu sun ragu sosai". <ref name="Beckham" /> Lokacin da James Bruce ya ziyarci yankin a 1771, ya lura cewa mazauna garin sun ƙidaya tsibirai 45, amma ya bayyana cewa "adadin na iya zama kusan goma sha ɗaya. " Anton Stecker, a 1881, ya yi cikakken bincike game da tafkin, wanda ya ba da taswirar daidai, <ref name="Beckham" /> kuma ya ƙidaya kusan tsibirai 44. Wani masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 20 mai suna tsibirai 37, wanda ya yi imanin cewa 19 suna da ko suna da masallatai ko majami'u a kansu.{{Sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} Ana adana ragowar Sarakunan Habasha na dā da dukiyar [[Kiristanci]] na Habasha a cikin masallatai na tsibirin da aka ware (ciki har da Kebran Gabriel, Ura Kidane Mehret, Narga Selassie, Daga Estifanos, [[Medhane Alem]] na Tsibirin Rema, Kota Maryam, da Mertola Maryam). A tsibirin Tana Qirqos wani dutse ne da aka nuna wa Paul B. Henze, inda aka gaya masa [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu]] ta huta a kan tafiyarta daga Masar; an kuma gaya masa cewa Frumentius, wanda ya gabatar da Kiristanci zuwa Habasha, an "ana binne shi a Tana Cherqos. " <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Paul B. Henze}}</ref> An binne jikin Yekuno Amlak a gidan ibada na St. Stephen a Tsibirin Daga. Sarkin sarakuna waɗanda kabarinsu ma a Daga sun haɗa da Dawit I, Zara Yaqob, Za Dengel, da Fasilides . Sauran mahimman tsibirai a Tafkin Tana sun haɗa da Dek, Mitraha, Gelila Zakariya, [[Halimun]] da [[Briguida]] . Idan aka kwatanta da sauran tabkuna na wurare masu zafi, ruwan da ke cikin Tafkin Tana yana da sanyi, yawanci yana daga kimanin {{Cvt|20|to(-)|27|C|F}} ° C (68-81 ° F). Ruwa yana da pH wanda yake tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan alkaline kuma bayyanarsa tana da ƙarancin gaske. Saboda manyan bambance-bambance na yanayi a cikin shigowar mahaukacinta, ruwan sama da evaporation, matakan ruwa na Tafkin Tana yawanci sun bambanta da 2-2.5 a cikin shekara, suna ƙaruwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba bayan babban lokacin rigar. Lokacin da matakan ruwa suka yi yawa, filayen da ke kewaye da tafkin sau da yawa suna ambaliya kuma wasu maras kyau na dindindin a yankin sun haɗu da tafkin. == Dabbobi == [[Fayil:Lily_pads,_Lake_Tana.jpg|thumb|Lily pads da ke iyo kusa da gabar a Tafkin Tana]] Tun da yake babu wani ruwa da ke haɗa tafkin zuwa wasu manyan hanyoyin ruwa kuma babban fitowar, Blue Nile, [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] ne ya hana shi, tafkin yana tallafawa dabbobin ruwa na musamman, wanda gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da nau'o'in daga Kogin Nilu.<ref name="FEOW">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na tafkin yana da ƙarancin gaske. === Kifi === Akwai nau'ikan kifaye 27 a Tafkin Tana kuma 20 daga cikinsu suna da yawa . Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin garken nau'ikan cyprinid guda biyu kacal da aka sani (ɗayan, daga Tafkin Lanao a Philippines, an lalata shi ta hanyar nau'ikan da aka gabatar). Ya ƙunshi manyan kifaye 15, har zuwa {{Convert|1|m}} dogayen bishiyoyin ''Labeobarbus'' waɗanda a da aka haɗa su a cikin ''Barbus'' maimakon haka. <ref name="FEOW">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 "Lake Tana"]. ''Freshwater Ecoregions of the World''. 2008. Archived from [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 the original] on 5 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="barbs1">{{Cite journal |last=de Graaf |first=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630}}</ref> Daga cikin waɗannan, ''L. acutirostris'', ''L. longissimus'', ''L. megastoma'' da ''L. truttiformis'' suna da matuƙar kama da piscivorous, kuma ''L. dainellii'', ''L. gorguari'', ''L. macrophthalmus'' da ''L. platydorsus'' galibi suna kama da piscivorous. <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Mafi mahimmancin abincinsu shine ƙaramin nau'in ''Enteromius'' da ''Garra'' . <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> <ref name="barbs1" /> <ref name="barbs2">{{Cite journal |last=de Graaf |first=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}</ref> Sauran ''Labeobarbus'' da ke Tafkin Tana suna da wasu halaye na musamman na ciyarwa: ''L. beso'' (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran) yana ciyar da algae, ''L. surkis'' galibi yana ciyar da macrophytes, ''L. gorgorensis'' akan macrophytes da molluscs, ''L. brevicephalus'' akan zooplankton (duk da haka, ƙananan yara na dukkan membobin nau'in garken suna ciyar da zooplankton), ''L. osseensis'' akan macrophytes da kwari na manya, da ''L. crassibarbis'', ''L. intermedius'' (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran), ''L. nedgia'' da ''L. tsanensis'' akan ƙananan halittu masu ƙashin baya kamar tsutsotsi na chironomid . Daga cikin ''Labeobarbus'' masu alaƙa da sauran, nau'ikan halittu takwas suna fitowa a cikin dausayin tafkin kuma sauran suna motsawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa cikin magudanar ruwa inda suke haihuwa. <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> == Manazarta == c6zwmovpk3j81x1y4ias0jdaj4nz1ic 841016 841015 2026-05-28T07:02:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 841016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Tana''' ( Amharic ; '''Tsana''' da aka rubuta a baya {{Sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} ) ita ce [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kuma tushen Blue Nile . Tana cikin Yankin Amhara a tsaunukan arewa maso yammacin Habasha, tafkin yana da tsawon {{Convert|84|km|mi}} da faɗin {{Convert|66|km|mi}}, tare da zurfin {{Convert|15|m|ft}}, da tsayin {{Convert|1788|m|ft}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Lake_Tana_source_of_the_Blue_Nile |access-date=4 November 2013 |website=Observing the Earth |publisher=European Space Agency}}</ref> Kogin [[Gilgel Aba|Gilgel Abay]], [[Kogin Reb|Reb]] da [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]] suna ciyar da tafkin Tana. Yankin samansa ya kama daga {{Convert|3000|to|3500|km2|mi2}}, ya danganta da yanayi da ruwan sama. An tsara matakin tafkin tun lokacin da aka gina wurin sarrafawa inda tafkin ke kwarara zuwa cikin Blue Nile. Wannan yana sarrafa kwararar ruwa zuwa [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] (Tis Abbai) da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zabi yankin Lake Tana a matsayin [[Ajiyyayyen yanayi|UNESCO Biosphere Reserve]] wanda ya amince da muhimmancin halitta da al'adu na kasa da kasa. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:Lake_Tana,_Ethiopia.jpg|left|thumb|Ra'ayoyi game da Tafkin Tana]] Tafkin Tana ya samo asali ne daga aikin dutsen wuta, wanda ya toshe kwararar koguna a farkon Pleistocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. Tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a yau. Manyan koguna bakwai na dindindin suna ciyar da tafkin da kuma kananan koguna 40 na yanayi. Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin tafkin sune Gilgel Abbay (Kananan Kogin Nilu), da kogin Megech, Gumara, da Rib. Tafkin Tana yana da tsibirai da yawa, wanda yawan su ya bambanta da matakin tafkin. Ya fadi kusan {{Convert|6|ft|m}} a cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata. A cewar Manuel de Almeida, wani mishan na Portugal a farkon karni na 17, akwai tsibirai 21, bakwai ko takwas daga cikinsu suna da masallatai a kansu "tsohon babba, amma yanzu sun ragu sosai". <ref name="Beckham" /> Lokacin da James Bruce ya ziyarci yankin a 1771, ya lura cewa mazauna garin sun ƙidaya tsibirai 45, amma ya bayyana cewa "adadin na iya zama kusan goma sha ɗaya. " Anton Stecker, a 1881, ya yi cikakken bincike game da tafkin, wanda ya ba da taswirar daidai, <ref name="Beckham" /> kuma ya ƙidaya kusan tsibirai 44. Wani masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 20 mai suna tsibirai 37, wanda ya yi imanin cewa 19 suna da ko suna da masallatai ko majami'u a kansu.{{Sfn|Garstin|Cana|1911}} Ana adana ragowar Sarakunan Habasha na dā da dukiyar [[Kiristanci]] na Habasha a cikin masallatai na tsibirin da aka ware (ciki har da Kebran Gabriel, Ura Kidane Mehret, Narga Selassie, Daga Estifanos, [[Medhane Alem]] na Tsibirin Rema, Kota Maryam, da Mertola Maryam). A tsibirin Tana Qirqos wani dutse ne da aka nuna wa Paul B. Henze, inda aka gaya masa [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu]] ta huta a kan tafiyarta daga Masar; an kuma gaya masa cewa Frumentius, wanda ya gabatar da Kiristanci zuwa Habasha, an "ana binne shi a Tana Cherqos. " <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Paul B. Henze}}</ref> An binne jikin Yekuno Amlak a gidan ibada na St. Stephen a Tsibirin Daga. Sarkin sarakuna waɗanda kabarinsu ma a Daga sun haɗa da Dawit I, Zara Yaqob, Za Dengel, da Fasilides . Sauran mahimman tsibirai a Tafkin Tana sun haɗa da Dek, Mitraha, Gelila Zakariya, [[Halimun]] da [[Briguida]] . Idan aka kwatanta da sauran tabkuna na wurare masu zafi, ruwan da ke cikin Tafkin Tana yana da sanyi, yawanci yana daga kimanin {{Cvt|20|to(-)|27|C|F}} ° C (68-81 ° F). Ruwa yana da pH wanda yake tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan alkaline kuma bayyanarsa tana da ƙarancin gaske. Saboda manyan bambance-bambance na yanayi a cikin shigowar mahaukacinta, ruwan sama da evaporation, matakan ruwa na Tafkin Tana yawanci sun bambanta da 2-2.5 a cikin shekara, suna ƙaruwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba bayan babban lokacin rigar. Lokacin da matakan ruwa suka yi yawa, filayen da ke kewaye da tafkin sau da yawa suna ambaliya kuma wasu maras kyau na dindindin a yankin sun haɗu da tafkin. == Dabbobi == [[Fayil:Lily_pads,_Lake_Tana.jpg|thumb|Lily pads da ke iyo kusa da gabar a Tafkin Tana]] Tun da yake babu wani ruwa da ke haɗa tafkin zuwa wasu manyan hanyoyin ruwa kuma babban fitowar, Blue Nile, [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] ne ya hana shi, tafkin yana tallafawa dabbobin ruwa na musamman, wanda gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da nau'o'in daga Kogin Nilu.<ref name="FEOW">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> Matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na tafkin yana da ƙarancin gaske. === Kifi === Akwai nau'ikan kifaye 27 a Tafkin Tana kuma 20 daga cikinsu suna da yawa . Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin garken nau'ikan cyprinid guda biyu kacal da aka sani (ɗayan, daga Tafkin Lanao a Philippines, an lalata shi ta hanyar nau'ikan da aka gabatar). Ya ƙunshi manyan kifaye 15, har zuwa {{Convert|1|m}} dogayen bishiyoyin ''Labeobarbus'' waɗanda a da aka haɗa su a cikin ''Barbus'' maimakon haka. <ref name="FEOW">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Lake Tana |url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 |archive-date=5 October 2011 |access-date=24 January 2012 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203717/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 "Lake Tana"]. ''Freshwater Ecoregions of the World''. 2008. Archived from [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=526 the original] on 5 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="barbs1">{{Cite journal |last=de Graaf |first=Martin |last2=Dejen |first2=Eshete |last3=Sibbing |first3=Ferdinand A. |last4=Osse |first4=Jan W. M. |year=2000 |title=''Barbus tanapelagius'', A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2000EnvBF..59....1D |doi=10.1023/A:1007608208630}}</ref> Daga cikin waɗannan, ''L. acutirostris'', ''L. longissimus'', ''L. megastoma'' da ''L. truttiformis'' suna da matuƙar kama da piscivorous, kuma ''L. dainellii'', ''L. gorguari'', ''L. macrophthalmus'' da ''L. platydorsus'' galibi suna kama da piscivorous. <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> Mafi mahimmancin abincinsu shine ƙaramin nau'in ''Enteromius'' da ''Garra'' . <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> <ref name="barbs1" /> <ref name="barbs2">{{Cite journal |last=de Graaf |first=Martin |last2=Megens |first2=Hendrik-Jan |last3=Samallo |first3=Johannis |last4=Sibbing |first4=Ferdinand |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation |journal=Animal Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1163/157075607780002069}}</ref> Sauran ''Labeobarbus'' da ke Tafkin Tana suna da wasu halaye na musamman na ciyarwa: ''L. beso'' (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran) yana ciyar da algae, ''L. surkis'' galibi yana ciyar da macrophytes, ''L. gorgorensis'' akan macrophytes da molluscs, ''L. brevicephalus'' akan zooplankton (duk da haka, ƙananan yara na dukkan membobin nau'in garken suna ciyar da zooplankton), ''L. osseensis'' akan macrophytes da kwari na manya, da ''L. crassibarbis'', ''L. intermedius'' (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran), ''L. nedgia'' da ''L. tsanensis'' akan ƙananan halittu masu ƙashin baya kamar tsutsotsi na chironomid . Daga cikin ''Labeobarbus'' masu alaƙa da sauran, nau'ikan halittu takwas suna fitowa a cikin dausayin tafkin kuma sauran suna motsawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa cikin magudanar ruwa inda suke haihuwa. <ref name="Vijverberg2009" /> == Manazarta == mxq813ou9uygyssd5y2epe41rgb2if5 0 152534 841017 2026-05-28T07:02:57Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188152156|Dibdibo]]" 841017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dibdibo''' wani tafki ne mai suna bayan ƙauyen ƙauyen, wanda ke cikin ''gundumar'' Inticho na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray ta gina dam ɗin ƙasa da ke riƙe da tafki a cikin 1999. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 17.8 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 433 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 15 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1 022 900 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 153 435 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 17.24 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 22. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 100 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 70 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 7 a faɗi. Magudanar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Adigrat Sandstone, Enicho Sandstone, tertiary basalt da Precambrian metavolcanics. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> blqlisetsfdkkempay5e4gl91g0hz39 841020 841017 2026-05-28T07:03:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dibdibo''' wani tafki ne mai suna bayan ƙauyen ƙauyen, wanda ke cikin ''gundumar'' Inticho na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray ta gina dam ɗin ƙasa da ke riƙe da tafki a cikin 1999. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 17.8 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 433 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 15 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1 022 900 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 153 435 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 17.24 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 22. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 100 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 70 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 7 a faɗi. Magudanar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Adigrat Sandstone, Enicho Sandstone, tertiary basalt da Precambrian metavolcanics. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> ==manazarta== 76ljrrozssppnog7trecfprx9brc3ct 0 152535 841019 2026-05-28T07:03:01Z AKA024 30597 AKA024 moved page [[Kayan miya]] to [[Kayan Lambu]]: ba a saka fassarar suna dai-dai ba 841019 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kayan Lambu]] pbe9wi1hpxskztbxi4xk0bnsbckk736 0 152536 841021 2026-05-28T07:04:22Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188131387|Chichat]]" 841021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chichat''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar Agaji da Gyaran Gaggawa ce ta gina madatsar ruwa mai tsawon mita 482 mai dauke da ma'ajiyar ruwa a shekarar 1985. [[Fayil:13._Chichat_(from_Endazoey).jpg|left|thumb|Chichat (daga [[Indazib'i]] )]] [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 28.89, tare da kewayen kilomita 27.8 da tsawon mita 6740. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Da zarar ruwan ya fara raguwa bayan ƙarshen lokacin damina, manoman da ke kewaye suna aiwatar [[Recession agriculture|da noma]] a kan laka da aka fallasa. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == owc26951tktadq0qcaoerhug5np2btl 841022 841021 2026-05-28T07:04:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chichat''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar Agaji da Gyaran Gaggawa ce ta gina madatsar ruwa mai tsawon mita 482 mai dauke da ma'ajiyar ruwa a shekarar 1985. [[Fayil:13._Chichat_(from_Endazoey).jpg|left|thumb|Chichat (daga [[Indazib'i]] )]] [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita 28.89, tare da kewayen kilomita 27.8 da tsawon mita 6740. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Da zarar ruwan ya fara raguwa bayan ƙarshen lokacin damina, manoman da ke kewaye suna aiwatar [[Recession agriculture|da noma]] a kan laka da aka fallasa. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0ktwjg2tncf00azxlqdsku7bghechcj 0 152537 841024 2026-05-28T07:06:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187149126|Betqua]]" 841024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Betqua''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Yanayin dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 16 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 284 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 666 337 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 133 267 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 13.7 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 23. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 70 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 25 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 1.52&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 4.82&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawon mita 1520. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Mekelle Dolerite Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == fthp0f56m12vkln8pomptero8zp0mor 841025 841024 2026-05-28T07:06:40Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Betqua''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Yanayin dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 16 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 284 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 666 337 m³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 133 267 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 13.7 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 23. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 70 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 25 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 1.52&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 4.82&nbsp;kilomita kuma tsawon mita 1520. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Mekelle Dolerite Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == azaaf1usuwppm3s6wsa36148pzc3202 0 152538 841026 2026-05-28T07:07:37Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350414375|The Message (1976 film)]]" 841026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sakon''''' ( Arabic ) wanda aka fi sani da '''''Mohammed, Manzon Allah''''' ( Arabic ) wani babban fim ne na shekarar 1976 wanda Moustapha Akkad ya jagoranta kuma ya shirya, wanda ya yi bayani game da rayuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] da zamaninsa, wanda ba a taɓa nuna shi kai tsaye ba . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gzt |date=2021-07-12 |title="Çağrı filmi nasıl çekildi?" Mustafa Akkad anlatıyor |url=https://www.gzt.com/mecra/cagri-filmi-nasil-cekildi-mustafa-akkad-anlatiyor-3594004 |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Gzt |language=tr-TR}}</ref> An sake shi a cikin fina-finai na Larabci da Ingilishi, The Message yana aiki ne a matsayin gabatarwa ga tarihin farko na Islama. Kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta hada da Anthony Quinn, Irene Papas, Michael Ansara, [[Johnny Sekka]], [[Michael Forest]], André Morell, Garrick ''Saƙon'', Damien Thomas, da Martin Benson. Shirin hadin gwiwa ne na kasa da kasa tsakanin Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Syria da Burtaniya. An zabi fim din don Mafi kyawun asali a cikin 50th Academy Awards, wanda Maurice Jarre ya hada, amma ya rasa kyautar ga ''Star Wars'' wanda John Williams ya hada. == Labari == Fim din ya fara ne da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ya aika gayyata don karɓar Islama ga sarakunan da ke kewaye da shi: Heraclius, Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine; Muqawqis, Shugaban Ikklisiya na Alexandria; Kisra, Sarkin Sasanian. Tun da farko, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya ziyarci Muhammadu, wanda ya girgiza shi sosai. Mala'ikan ya tambaye shi ya fara kuma ya yada [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. A hankali, ƙananan mutane a birnin Makka sun fara juyawa. Da yake lura da wannan, abokan gaba da yawa sun zo su farautar Muhammadu da sahabbansa daga Makka kuma sun kwace dukiyoyinsu. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mabiya sun gudu zuwa Abyssinia don neman mafaka tare da kariya da sarki ya ba su a can. Sun tafi arewa, inda suka sami maraba mai kyau a birnin Madina kuma suka gina masallacin Musulunci na farko ([[Masallacin Quba]]). An gaya musu cewa ana sayar da kayansu a Makka a kasuwa. Muhammad ya zaɓi zaman lafiya na ɗan lokaci, amma har yanzu yana samun izinin kai farmaki. An kai musu hari amma sun ci nasarar [[Yaƙin Badar|Yaƙin Badr]]. Makkawa, suna son fansa, sun yi yaƙi da mutane dubu uku a [[Yaƙin Uhudu|Yaƙin Uhud]], inda suka kashe [[Hamza]]. Musulmai suna gudu bayan Makka kuma suna barin sansanin ba tare da kariya ba. Saboda haka, mahayan da ke baya sun yi musu mamakin, don haka sun rasa yakin. Makkawa da Musulmai sun rufe yarjejeniya ta shekaru goma. Bayan 'yan shekaru, [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khalid ibn Walid]], janar na Makka wanda ya kashe Musulmai da yawa, ya tuba zuwa Islama. A halin yanzu, ana kai hari kan sansanonin Musulmai a cikin hamada da dare. Musulmai sun yi imanin cewa Makkawa ne ke da alhakin. [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] ya zo Madina yana tsoron fansa kuma yana da'awar cewa ba Makkawa ba ne, amma 'yan fashi ne suka karya yarjejeniyar. Babu wani Musulmi da ya ba shi masu sauraro, yana mai cewa "ba ya kiyaye yarjejeniya kuma ba ya riƙe alkawari". Musulmai sun amsa da hari kan Makka tare da sojoji da yawa da "mutane daga kowace kabila". Abu Sufyan ya nemi masu sauraro tare da Muhammadu a ranar da aka kai harin. Mutanen Makka sun firgita sosai amma an tabbatar da cewa mutane a cikin gidajensu, ta hanyar [[Kaaba]], ko a gidan Abu Sufyan za su kasance lafiya. Sun mika wuya kuma Makka ta fada hannun Musulmai ba tare da zubar da jini ba. An lalata siffofin arna na alloli a cikin Kaaba, kuma [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal ibn Rabah]] ya kira [[Kiran Sallah|azan]] na farko a Makka a kan Kaaba. An kuma gabatar da Huɗuba ta Farewell. Fim din ya ƙare tare da mai ba da labari yana tattauna abin da ya faru na Islama, sannan kuma ainihin hotuna na masu bauta suna yin [[Kaaba|tawaf]] a kusa da Kaaba a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan. Ƙarshen ƙididdigar suna nuna hotunan daga masallatai daban-daban a duniya yayin da adhan ke maimaitawa a dukansu kuma Musulmai suna taruwa don yin addu'a a cikin ikilisiya. == Masu ba da labari == ; Fassarar Turanci  '''Fassarar Larabci'''<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> == Fitarwa == {{Quote box|title=Intertitles after the initial credits}}Moustapha Akkad ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar fim game da Muhammadu da haihuwar Musulunci a shekarar 1967. [[Tawfiq al-Hakim]], wani malami a [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]], ya amince da rubutun fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, an soke amincewar fim ɗin kuma aka kira shi "cin mutunci ga Musulunci". [[Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid]] da Mowaffak Allaf, wakilan dindindin na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Masar da Siriya, sun yaba wa fim ɗin saboda yadda ya nuna Musulunci. Yayin da yake ƙirƙirar ''The Message'', darakta Akkad, wanda Musulmi ne, ya tuntuɓi malaman Musulunci a wani yunƙuri na girmama Musulunci da ra'ayoyinsa kan nuna Muhammad. Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Duniya a [[Makkah|Makka]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] ta ƙi shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An tara dala miliyan 10 don fim din daga Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia da Amurka kuma yana da kasafin kuɗi na ƙarshe na dala miliyan 17. Akkad ta fara yin fim a shekara ta 1974, tare da ma'aikatan 300, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 40 don Turanci da Larabci, da kuma sama da mutane 5,000 don harbe-harbe. An gina kwafin Makka na $ 700,000 a kusa da [[Marrakesh]] kuma an biya Anthony Quinn dala miliyan 1.5 a cewar Michael Ansara. [[Muhammad Ali]] yana so ya buga Bilal, amma an ba Sekka rawar a maimakon haka tare da Sekka yana mai cewa "Akkad yana son Musulmi mai ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo don yin rawar" da kuma "ta yaya kowa zai iya gaskata cewa za a iya azabtar da Ali kuma a wulakanta shi kamar Bilal ya kasance?". An fara yin fim a Maroko a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1974, amma 'yan sanda na Maroko sun tilasta musu su daina yin fim a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, yayin da [[Faisal na Saudi Arabia]] ya matsa wa Hassan II na Maroko matsin lamba. An ba Akkad izinin yin fim a Libya bayan ya nuna fim din da ba a shirya ba ga [[Muammar Gaddafi]] kuma an yi fim daga Oktoba 1974 zuwa Mayu 1975. Gaddafi yana son Akkad ya yi fim din da ya danganci rayuwar [[Omar al-Mukhtar]]. Akkad ta yi fim din Turanci da Larabci na fim din a lokaci guda tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. An yi amfani da fitila mai haske a kan kyamarar yayin al'amuran haruffa tare da Muhammadu don wakiltar immanence. Masanin addinin Musulunci Khaled Abou El Fadl, wanda ya kasance aboki na Akkad, ya yaba da yadda ya kwatanta Muhammadu yana mai cewa "Don gano hanyar da annabi ya zama mutum ba tare da nuna masa ba - yana da kyau". Akkad ya ga fim din a matsayin hanyar da za a rufe gibin tsakanin kasashen Yamma da na [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulunci]], yana mai cewa a cikin wata hira ta 1976:<blockquote>I did the film because it is a personal thing for me. Besides its production values as a film, it has its story, its intrigue, its drama. Besides all this I think there was something personal, being a Muslim myself who lived in the west I felt that it was my obligation my duty to tell the truth about Islam. It is a religion that has a 700 million following, yet it's so little known about which surprised me. I thought I should tell the story that will bring this bridge, this gap to the west.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup></blockquote> == Saki == A watan Yulin 1976, kwana biyar kafin fim din ya buɗe a West End na London, barazanar kiran waya zuwa gidan silima ya sa Akkad ta canza taken daga Mohammed, Manzo na Allah zuwa The Message, a farashin £ 50,000. An dakatar da fim din a Masar, Kuwait, da Saudi Arabia (har zuwa 2018). Irwin Yablans ya rarraba fim din a Amurka. Kamar yadda aka shirya fim din don fara bugawa a Amurka, wata kungiya mai rabuwa da baƙar fata mai kishin kasa na Islama da ke kiran kanta Hanafi Movement ta shirya kewaye da [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] reshen B'nai B'rith . A karkashin kuskuren imani cewa Anthony Quinn ya buga Muhammad a cikin fim din, <ref name="Brockopp" /> kungiyar ta yi barazanar fashe ginin da mazaunanta sai dai idan an soke bude fim din. An cire fim din daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a ranar da aka fara shi, amma ya ci gaba da wasa bayan da kewaye ya ƙare. Akkad ya ba da damar nuna fim din ga Musulmai na Hanafi kuma ya ce zai lalata fim din idan sun same shi da laifi. An warware rikici bayan mutuwar wani ɗan jarida da ɗan sanda, amma "ba a taɓa samun damar yin fim din ba daga mummunar gardamar ba".<ref name="DemingSummary" /><ref name="DemingSummary" /> An saki dub na [[Indiyanci|Hindi-Urdu]] na Indiya a duk faɗin ƙasar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, Yamshi Ahmed da Saad Ahmed ne suka samar da shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Oasis Enterprises kuma Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions ne suka rarraba shi tare da rubutun dub na Hasan Kamal. Har ila yau, dub ɗin ya ƙunshi sake fasalin sauti wanda ya ƙunshi waƙar "Marhaba Mustapha" A. R. Rahman. Maulana Kalbe Sadiq, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Shari'a ta Musulmi ta Indiya da sauran [[Ulama'u|Ulema]] na Indiya sun amince da sakin ta a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2007 |title=Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions to distribute movie Al-Risalah. |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/anuj-saxenas-maverick-productions-to-distribute-movie-alrisalah_3119 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> Kodayake har yanzu yana fuskantar adawa a [[Hyderabad]], a lokacin da aka saki shi a can a watan Fabrairun 2008 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rama Krishna, ta ƙungiyar Islama ta Tanzeem Islah-e-Muashra da jam'iyyar siyasa ta Islama Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen - wanda shugaban majalisa na Andhra Pradesh Akbaruddin Owaisi ya nemi haramta fim din saboda zargin nuna Islama cikin mummunan haske. Duk da yake wannan ya haifar da dakatar da baje kolin fim din a cikin birni, mai rarraba Maverick Productions ya kare fim din yana cewa ba shi da wani abu mai banƙyama amma suna shirye su yanke duk wani abu da aka ɗauka mai banƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jafri |first=Syed Amin |date=February 23, 2008 |title=Hyderabad: Screening of Islamic fim stopped |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/23screen.htm |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=[[rediff.com]]}}</ref> An nuna gyaran fim din na 4K a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Dubai a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, kuma an ba shi sakin wasan kwaikwayo a Saudi Arabia. == Karɓar baƙi == Fim din ya buƙaci samun dala miliyan 35 don ya karya, amma kawai ya sami dala miliyan 5 a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da dala miliyan 2 da ke fitowa daga Amurka.{{Sfn|Medved|Medved|1984}} Mai sukar fina-finai na Sunday Times Dilys Powell ya bayyana fim din a matsayin "Yamma ... ya haɗu da Kirista na Farko". Ta lura da irin wannan gujewa ga kwatancin Yesu kai tsaye a cikin fina-finai na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na farko, kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa "daga ra'ayi na fasaha da na addini fim din yana da cikakkiyar gaskiya". Bambancin-bambance sun yaba da hotunan "mai ban mamaki", "mai kyau" wuraren yaƙi da kuma "mai ƙarfi da gamsarwa", kodayake rabin fim din an kira shi "abubuwa masu sauƙi da kuma anticlimactic". Charles Champlin na Los Angeles Times ya yi tunanin cewa an yi wuraren yaƙi "da ban mamaki" kuma cewa "girman kai da tsayi" na Anthony Quinn sun dace da rawar da ya taka. [2][3] Gene Siskel na Chicago Tribune ya ba shi taurari biyu daga cikin hudu, yana kiransa "fim ne mai kyau, mai girman kasafin kuɗi. Ba haka ba, ba haka ba. " Alexander Walker, yana rubutu ga Evening Standard, ya yaba da fim din kuma ya ce "Na sami kaina gaba ɗaya yana sha'awar shi. " [4][5] Bob Thomas, yana rubutawa a cikin Associated Press, ya bayyana cewa fim din "mai girmamawa ne, mai saurin kai (sa'o'i uku) wanda ya ba da lada game da haihuwar Islama". Richard Eder na The New York Times ya bayyana tasirin rashin nuna Muhammadu a matsayin "maras kyau" kuma ya kwatanta shi da "ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rikodin Music Minus One," yana ƙara cewa wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance "a matakin rashin hankali na farkon Cecil B. DeMille Bible epic, amma shugabanci da saurin ya fi lalacewa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eder |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Eder |date=March 10, 1977 |title=Screen: 3-Hour 'Mohammad' |journal=[[The New York Times]] |page=28}}</ref> John Pym na The Monthly Film Bulletin ya rubuta: "Jirgin da ba a sauƙaƙe-ƙanta na wannan kamfani na dala miliyan goma (wanda aka kira shi da 'ƙayyadadden' mafi girma ga duk wani fim ɗin nan mai tsayi na Musustace-dariya ne saboda tsayi na darasi ga duk mutanen nan mai tsayin-dariya mai tsayi mai tsayi ga duk wani nau' ya kasancewar nan mai tsayarwa na Musustacy mai tsayar da yawa ga duk wani abu mai tsayaraya ga duk wani mafi girma) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pym |first=John |date=September 1976 |title=Al-Risalah (The Message [Mohammad Messenger of God]) |journal=[[The Monthly Film Bulletin]] |volume=43 |issue=512 |page=187}}</ref> Matsayin Muna Wassef a matsayin Hind a cikin harshen Larabci ya sami karbuwa a duniya. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == An zabi fim din don Oscar a shekarar 1977 don Mafi kyawun asali na asali don kiɗa ta Maurice Jarre . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1978-04-03 |title=1977 Oscars - 50th Annual Academy Awards Oscar Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1977-O.html |access-date=2012-03-25 |publisher=Popculturemadness.com}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Maurice Jarre ne ya kirkiro waƙoƙin The Message kuma ya gudanar da su kuma ƙungiyar London Symphony Orchestra ce ta yi su. ; Jerin waƙoƙi don fitowar farko akan LP ''Yankin Ɗaya'' # Saƙon (3:01) # Hegira (4:24) # Gina Masallaci na Farko (2:51) # Sura (3:34) # Kasancewar Muhammadu (2:13) # Shigar Makka (3:15) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tjnm1ojrzs27pd5j8wz9bxrwq1ff1v6 841028 841026 2026-05-28T07:08:01Z Gwanki 3834 841028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Sakon''''' ( Arabic ) wanda aka fi sani da '''''Mohammed, Manzon Allah''''' ( Arabic ) wani babban fim ne na shekarar 1976 wanda Moustapha Akkad ya jagoranta kuma ya shirya, wanda ya yi bayani game da rayuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] da zamaninsa, wanda ba a taɓa nuna shi kai tsaye ba . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gzt |date=2021-07-12 |title="Çağrı filmi nasıl çekildi?" Mustafa Akkad anlatıyor |url=https://www.gzt.com/mecra/cagri-filmi-nasil-cekildi-mustafa-akkad-anlatiyor-3594004 |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Gzt |language=tr-TR}}</ref> An sake shi a cikin fina-finai na Larabci da Ingilishi, The Message yana aiki ne a matsayin gabatarwa ga tarihin farko na Islama. Kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta hada da Anthony Quinn, Irene Papas, Michael Ansara, [[Johnny Sekka]], [[Michael Forest]], André Morell, Garrick ''Saƙon'', Damien Thomas, da Martin Benson. Shirin hadin gwiwa ne na kasa da kasa tsakanin Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Syria da Burtaniya. An zabi fim din don Mafi kyawun asali a cikin 50th Academy Awards, wanda Maurice Jarre ya hada, amma ya rasa kyautar ga ''Star Wars'' wanda John Williams ya hada. == Labari == Fim din ya fara ne da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ya aika gayyata don karɓar Islama ga sarakunan da ke kewaye da shi: Heraclius, Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine; Muqawqis, Shugaban Ikklisiya na Alexandria; Kisra, Sarkin Sasanian. Tun da farko, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya ziyarci Muhammadu, wanda ya girgiza shi sosai. Mala'ikan ya tambaye shi ya fara kuma ya yada [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. A hankali, ƙananan mutane a birnin Makka sun fara juyawa. Da yake lura da wannan, abokan gaba da yawa sun zo su farautar Muhammadu da sahabbansa daga Makka kuma sun kwace dukiyoyinsu. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mabiya sun gudu zuwa Abyssinia don neman mafaka tare da kariya da sarki ya ba su a can. Sun tafi arewa, inda suka sami maraba mai kyau a birnin Madina kuma suka gina masallacin Musulunci na farko ([[Masallacin Quba]]). An gaya musu cewa ana sayar da kayansu a Makka a kasuwa. Muhammad ya zaɓi zaman lafiya na ɗan lokaci, amma har yanzu yana samun izinin kai farmaki. An kai musu hari amma sun ci nasarar [[Yaƙin Badar|Yaƙin Badr]]. Makkawa, suna son fansa, sun yi yaƙi da mutane dubu uku a [[Yaƙin Uhudu|Yaƙin Uhud]], inda suka kashe [[Hamza]]. Musulmai suna gudu bayan Makka kuma suna barin sansanin ba tare da kariya ba. Saboda haka, mahayan da ke baya sun yi musu mamakin, don haka sun rasa yakin. Makkawa da Musulmai sun rufe yarjejeniya ta shekaru goma. Bayan 'yan shekaru, [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khalid ibn Walid]], janar na Makka wanda ya kashe Musulmai da yawa, ya tuba zuwa Islama. A halin yanzu, ana kai hari kan sansanonin Musulmai a cikin hamada da dare. Musulmai sun yi imanin cewa Makkawa ne ke da alhakin. [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] ya zo Madina yana tsoron fansa kuma yana da'awar cewa ba Makkawa ba ne, amma 'yan fashi ne suka karya yarjejeniyar. Babu wani Musulmi da ya ba shi masu sauraro, yana mai cewa "ba ya kiyaye yarjejeniya kuma ba ya riƙe alkawari". Musulmai sun amsa da hari kan Makka tare da sojoji da yawa da "mutane daga kowace kabila". Abu Sufyan ya nemi masu sauraro tare da Muhammadu a ranar da aka kai harin. Mutanen Makka sun firgita sosai amma an tabbatar da cewa mutane a cikin gidajensu, ta hanyar [[Kaaba]], ko a gidan Abu Sufyan za su kasance lafiya. Sun mika wuya kuma Makka ta fada hannun Musulmai ba tare da zubar da jini ba. An lalata siffofin arna na alloli a cikin Kaaba, kuma [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal ibn Rabah]] ya kira [[Kiran Sallah|azan]] na farko a Makka a kan Kaaba. An kuma gabatar da Huɗuba ta Farewell. Fim din ya ƙare tare da mai ba da labari yana tattauna abin da ya faru na Islama, sannan kuma ainihin hotuna na masu bauta suna yin [[Kaaba|tawaf]] a kusa da Kaaba a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan. Ƙarshen ƙididdigar suna nuna hotunan daga masallatai daban-daban a duniya yayin da adhan ke maimaitawa a dukansu kuma Musulmai suna taruwa don yin addu'a a cikin ikilisiya. == Masu ba da labari == ; Fassarar Turanci  '''Fassarar Larabci'''<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> == Fitarwa == {{Quote box|title=Intertitles after the initial credits}}Moustapha Akkad ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar fim game da Muhammadu da haihuwar Musulunci a shekarar 1967. [[Tawfiq al-Hakim]], wani malami a [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]], ya amince da rubutun fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, an soke amincewar fim ɗin kuma aka kira shi "cin mutunci ga Musulunci". [[Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid]] da Mowaffak Allaf, wakilan dindindin na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Masar da Siriya, sun yaba wa fim ɗin saboda yadda ya nuna Musulunci. Yayin da yake ƙirƙirar ''The Message'', darakta Akkad, wanda Musulmi ne, ya tuntuɓi malaman Musulunci a wani yunƙuri na girmama Musulunci da ra'ayoyinsa kan nuna Muhammad. Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Duniya a [[Makkah|Makka]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] ta ƙi shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An tara dala miliyan 10 don fim din daga Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia da Amurka kuma yana da kasafin kuɗi na ƙarshe na dala miliyan 17. Akkad ta fara yin fim a shekara ta 1974, tare da ma'aikatan 300, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 40 don Turanci da Larabci, da kuma sama da mutane 5,000 don harbe-harbe. An gina kwafin Makka na $ 700,000 a kusa da [[Marrakesh]] kuma an biya Anthony Quinn dala miliyan 1.5 a cewar Michael Ansara. [[Muhammad Ali]] yana so ya buga Bilal, amma an ba Sekka rawar a maimakon haka tare da Sekka yana mai cewa "Akkad yana son Musulmi mai ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo don yin rawar" da kuma "ta yaya kowa zai iya gaskata cewa za a iya azabtar da Ali kuma a wulakanta shi kamar Bilal ya kasance?". An fara yin fim a Maroko a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1974, amma 'yan sanda na Maroko sun tilasta musu su daina yin fim a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, yayin da [[Faisal na Saudi Arabia]] ya matsa wa Hassan II na Maroko matsin lamba. An ba Akkad izinin yin fim a Libya bayan ya nuna fim din da ba a shirya ba ga [[Muammar Gaddafi]] kuma an yi fim daga Oktoba 1974 zuwa Mayu 1975. Gaddafi yana son Akkad ya yi fim din da ya danganci rayuwar [[Omar al-Mukhtar]]. Akkad ta yi fim din Turanci da Larabci na fim din a lokaci guda tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. An yi amfani da fitila mai haske a kan kyamarar yayin al'amuran haruffa tare da Muhammadu don wakiltar immanence. Masanin addinin Musulunci Khaled Abou El Fadl, wanda ya kasance aboki na Akkad, ya yaba da yadda ya kwatanta Muhammadu yana mai cewa "Don gano hanyar da annabi ya zama mutum ba tare da nuna masa ba - yana da kyau". Akkad ya ga fim din a matsayin hanyar da za a rufe gibin tsakanin kasashen Yamma da na [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulunci]], yana mai cewa a cikin wata hira ta 1976:<blockquote>I did the film because it is a personal thing for me. Besides its production values as a film, it has its story, its intrigue, its drama. Besides all this I think there was something personal, being a Muslim myself who lived in the west I felt that it was my obligation my duty to tell the truth about Islam. It is a religion that has a 700 million following, yet it's so little known about which surprised me. I thought I should tell the story that will bring this bridge, this gap to the west.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup></blockquote> == Saki == A watan Yulin 1976, kwana biyar kafin fim din ya buɗe a West End na London, barazanar kiran waya zuwa gidan silima ya sa Akkad ta canza taken daga Mohammed, Manzo na Allah zuwa The Message, a farashin £ 50,000. An dakatar da fim din a Masar, Kuwait, da Saudi Arabia (har zuwa 2018). Irwin Yablans ya rarraba fim din a Amurka. Kamar yadda aka shirya fim din don fara bugawa a Amurka, wata kungiya mai rabuwa da baƙar fata mai kishin kasa na Islama da ke kiran kanta Hanafi Movement ta shirya kewaye da [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] reshen B'nai B'rith . A karkashin kuskuren imani cewa Anthony Quinn ya buga Muhammad a cikin fim din, <ref name="Brockopp" /> kungiyar ta yi barazanar fashe ginin da mazaunanta sai dai idan an soke bude fim din. An cire fim din daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a ranar da aka fara shi, amma ya ci gaba da wasa bayan da kewaye ya ƙare. Akkad ya ba da damar nuna fim din ga Musulmai na Hanafi kuma ya ce zai lalata fim din idan sun same shi da laifi. An warware rikici bayan mutuwar wani ɗan jarida da ɗan sanda, amma "ba a taɓa samun damar yin fim din ba daga mummunar gardamar ba".<ref name="DemingSummary" /><ref name="DemingSummary" /> An saki dub na [[Indiyanci|Hindi-Urdu]] na Indiya a duk faɗin ƙasar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, Yamshi Ahmed da Saad Ahmed ne suka samar da shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Oasis Enterprises kuma Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions ne suka rarraba shi tare da rubutun dub na Hasan Kamal. Har ila yau, dub ɗin ya ƙunshi sake fasalin sauti wanda ya ƙunshi waƙar "Marhaba Mustapha" A. R. Rahman. Maulana Kalbe Sadiq, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Shari'a ta Musulmi ta Indiya da sauran [[Ulama'u|Ulema]] na Indiya sun amince da sakin ta a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2007 |title=Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions to distribute movie Al-Risalah. |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/anuj-saxenas-maverick-productions-to-distribute-movie-alrisalah_3119 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> Kodayake har yanzu yana fuskantar adawa a [[Hyderabad]], a lokacin da aka saki shi a can a watan Fabrairun 2008 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rama Krishna, ta ƙungiyar Islama ta Tanzeem Islah-e-Muashra da jam'iyyar siyasa ta Islama Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen - wanda shugaban majalisa na Andhra Pradesh Akbaruddin Owaisi ya nemi haramta fim din saboda zargin nuna Islama cikin mummunan haske. Duk da yake wannan ya haifar da dakatar da baje kolin fim din a cikin birni, mai rarraba Maverick Productions ya kare fim din yana cewa ba shi da wani abu mai banƙyama amma suna shirye su yanke duk wani abu da aka ɗauka mai banƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jafri |first=Syed Amin |date=February 23, 2008 |title=Hyderabad: Screening of Islamic fim stopped |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/23screen.htm |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=[[rediff.com]]}}</ref> An nuna gyaran fim din na 4K a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Dubai a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, kuma an ba shi sakin wasan kwaikwayo a Saudi Arabia. == Karɓar baƙi == Fim din ya buƙaci samun dala miliyan 35 don ya karya, amma kawai ya sami dala miliyan 5 a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da dala miliyan 2 da ke fitowa daga Amurka.{{Sfn|Medved|Medved|1984}} Mai sukar fina-finai na Sunday Times Dilys Powell ya bayyana fim din a matsayin "Yamma ... ya haɗu da Kirista na Farko". Ta lura da irin wannan gujewa ga kwatancin Yesu kai tsaye a cikin fina-finai na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na farko, kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa "daga ra'ayi na fasaha da na addini fim din yana da cikakkiyar gaskiya". Bambancin-bambance sun yaba da hotunan "mai ban mamaki", "mai kyau" wuraren yaƙi da kuma "mai ƙarfi da gamsarwa", kodayake rabin fim din an kira shi "abubuwa masu sauƙi da kuma anticlimactic". Charles Champlin na Los Angeles Times ya yi tunanin cewa an yi wuraren yaƙi "da ban mamaki" kuma cewa "girman kai da tsayi" na Anthony Quinn sun dace da rawar da ya taka. [2][3] Gene Siskel na Chicago Tribune ya ba shi taurari biyu daga cikin hudu, yana kiransa "fim ne mai kyau, mai girman kasafin kuɗi. Ba haka ba, ba haka ba. " Alexander Walker, yana rubutu ga Evening Standard, ya yaba da fim din kuma ya ce "Na sami kaina gaba ɗaya yana sha'awar shi. " [4][5] Bob Thomas, yana rubutawa a cikin Associated Press, ya bayyana cewa fim din "mai girmamawa ne, mai saurin kai (sa'o'i uku) wanda ya ba da lada game da haihuwar Islama". Richard Eder na The New York Times ya bayyana tasirin rashin nuna Muhammadu a matsayin "maras kyau" kuma ya kwatanta shi da "ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rikodin Music Minus One," yana ƙara cewa wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance "a matakin rashin hankali na farkon Cecil B. DeMille Bible epic, amma shugabanci da saurin ya fi lalacewa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eder |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Eder |date=March 10, 1977 |title=Screen: 3-Hour 'Mohammad' |journal=[[The New York Times]] |page=28}}</ref> John Pym na The Monthly Film Bulletin ya rubuta: "Jirgin da ba a sauƙaƙe-ƙanta na wannan kamfani na dala miliyan goma (wanda aka kira shi da 'ƙayyadadden' mafi girma ga duk wani fim ɗin nan mai tsayi na Musustace-dariya ne saboda tsayi na darasi ga duk mutanen nan mai tsayin-dariya mai tsayi mai tsayi ga duk wani nau' ya kasancewar nan mai tsayarwa na Musustacy mai tsayar da yawa ga duk wani abu mai tsayaraya ga duk wani mafi girma) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pym |first=John |date=September 1976 |title=Al-Risalah (The Message [Mohammad Messenger of God]) |journal=[[The Monthly Film Bulletin]] |volume=43 |issue=512 |page=187}}</ref> Matsayin Muna Wassef a matsayin Hind a cikin harshen Larabci ya sami karbuwa a duniya. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == An zabi fim din don Oscar a shekarar 1977 don Mafi kyawun asali na asali don kiɗa ta Maurice Jarre . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1978-04-03 |title=1977 Oscars - 50th Annual Academy Awards Oscar Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1977-O.html |access-date=2012-03-25 |publisher=Popculturemadness.com}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Maurice Jarre ne ya kirkiro waƙoƙin The Message kuma ya gudanar da su kuma ƙungiyar London Symphony Orchestra ce ta yi su. ; Jerin waƙoƙi don fitowar farko akan LP ''Yankin Ɗaya'' # Saƙon (3:01) # Hegira (4:24) # Gina Masallaci na Farko (2:51) # Sura (3:34) # Kasancewar Muhammadu (2:13) # Shigar Makka (3:15) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sbz5d83gbh3kipyghkm9hekvx4vhcyf 841029 841028 2026-05-28T07:08:19Z Gwanki 3834 /* Waƙoƙi */ 841029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Sakon''''' ( Arabic ) wanda aka fi sani da '''''Mohammed, Manzon Allah''''' ( Arabic ) wani babban fim ne na shekarar 1976 wanda Moustapha Akkad ya jagoranta kuma ya shirya, wanda ya yi bayani game da rayuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] da zamaninsa, wanda ba a taɓa nuna shi kai tsaye ba . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gzt |date=2021-07-12 |title="Çağrı filmi nasıl çekildi?" Mustafa Akkad anlatıyor |url=https://www.gzt.com/mecra/cagri-filmi-nasil-cekildi-mustafa-akkad-anlatiyor-3594004 |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=Gzt |language=tr-TR}}</ref> An sake shi a cikin fina-finai na Larabci da Ingilishi, The Message yana aiki ne a matsayin gabatarwa ga tarihin farko na Islama. Kungiyar ta kasa da kasa ta hada da Anthony Quinn, Irene Papas, Michael Ansara, [[Johnny Sekka]], [[Michael Forest]], André Morell, Garrick ''Saƙon'', Damien Thomas, da Martin Benson. Shirin hadin gwiwa ne na kasa da kasa tsakanin Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Syria da Burtaniya. An zabi fim din don Mafi kyawun asali a cikin 50th Academy Awards, wanda Maurice Jarre ya hada, amma ya rasa kyautar ga ''Star Wars'' wanda John Williams ya hada. == Labari == Fim din ya fara ne da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ya aika gayyata don karɓar Islama ga sarakunan da ke kewaye da shi: Heraclius, Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine; Muqawqis, Shugaban Ikklisiya na Alexandria; Kisra, Sarkin Sasanian. Tun da farko, mala'ika [[Mala'ika Jibril|Jibra'ilu]] ya ziyarci Muhammadu, wanda ya girgiza shi sosai. Mala'ikan ya tambaye shi ya fara kuma ya yada [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]. A hankali, ƙananan mutane a birnin Makka sun fara juyawa. Da yake lura da wannan, abokan gaba da yawa sun zo su farautar Muhammadu da sahabbansa daga Makka kuma sun kwace dukiyoyinsu. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mabiya sun gudu zuwa Abyssinia don neman mafaka tare da kariya da sarki ya ba su a can. Sun tafi arewa, inda suka sami maraba mai kyau a birnin Madina kuma suka gina masallacin Musulunci na farko ([[Masallacin Quba]]). An gaya musu cewa ana sayar da kayansu a Makka a kasuwa. Muhammad ya zaɓi zaman lafiya na ɗan lokaci, amma har yanzu yana samun izinin kai farmaki. An kai musu hari amma sun ci nasarar [[Yaƙin Badar|Yaƙin Badr]]. Makkawa, suna son fansa, sun yi yaƙi da mutane dubu uku a [[Yaƙin Uhudu|Yaƙin Uhud]], inda suka kashe [[Hamza]]. Musulmai suna gudu bayan Makka kuma suna barin sansanin ba tare da kariya ba. Saboda haka, mahayan da ke baya sun yi musu mamakin, don haka sun rasa yakin. Makkawa da Musulmai sun rufe yarjejeniya ta shekaru goma. Bayan 'yan shekaru, [[Khalid ibn al-Walid|Khalid ibn Walid]], janar na Makka wanda ya kashe Musulmai da yawa, ya tuba zuwa Islama. A halin yanzu, ana kai hari kan sansanonin Musulmai a cikin hamada da dare. Musulmai sun yi imanin cewa Makkawa ne ke da alhakin. [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] ya zo Madina yana tsoron fansa kuma yana da'awar cewa ba Makkawa ba ne, amma 'yan fashi ne suka karya yarjejeniyar. Babu wani Musulmi da ya ba shi masu sauraro, yana mai cewa "ba ya kiyaye yarjejeniya kuma ba ya riƙe alkawari". Musulmai sun amsa da hari kan Makka tare da sojoji da yawa da "mutane daga kowace kabila". Abu Sufyan ya nemi masu sauraro tare da Muhammadu a ranar da aka kai harin. Mutanen Makka sun firgita sosai amma an tabbatar da cewa mutane a cikin gidajensu, ta hanyar [[Kaaba]], ko a gidan Abu Sufyan za su kasance lafiya. Sun mika wuya kuma Makka ta fada hannun Musulmai ba tare da zubar da jini ba. An lalata siffofin arna na alloli a cikin Kaaba, kuma [[Bilal Ibn Rabaha|Bilal ibn Rabah]] ya kira [[Kiran Sallah|azan]] na farko a Makka a kan Kaaba. An kuma gabatar da Huɗuba ta Farewell. Fim din ya ƙare tare da mai ba da labari yana tattauna abin da ya faru na Islama, sannan kuma ainihin hotuna na masu bauta suna yin [[Kaaba|tawaf]] a kusa da Kaaba a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan. Ƙarshen ƙididdigar suna nuna hotunan daga masallatai daban-daban a duniya yayin da adhan ke maimaitawa a dukansu kuma Musulmai suna taruwa don yin addu'a a cikin ikilisiya. == Masu ba da labari == ; Fassarar Turanci  '''Fassarar Larabci'''<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> == Fitarwa == {{Quote box|title=Intertitles after the initial credits}}Moustapha Akkad ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar fim game da Muhammadu da haihuwar Musulunci a shekarar 1967. [[Tawfiq al-Hakim]], wani malami a [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]], ya amince da rubutun fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, an soke amincewar fim ɗin kuma aka kira shi "cin mutunci ga Musulunci". [[Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid]] da Mowaffak Allaf, wakilan dindindin na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Masar da Siriya, sun yaba wa fim ɗin saboda yadda ya nuna Musulunci. Yayin da yake ƙirƙirar ''The Message'', darakta Akkad, wanda Musulmi ne, ya tuntuɓi malaman Musulunci a wani yunƙuri na girmama Musulunci da ra'ayoyinsa kan nuna Muhammad. Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Duniya a [[Makkah|Makka]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] ta ƙi shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An tara dala miliyan 10 don fim din daga Kuwait, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia da Amurka kuma yana da kasafin kuɗi na ƙarshe na dala miliyan 17. Akkad ta fara yin fim a shekara ta 1974, tare da ma'aikatan 300, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 40 don Turanci da Larabci, da kuma sama da mutane 5,000 don harbe-harbe. An gina kwafin Makka na $ 700,000 a kusa da [[Marrakesh]] kuma an biya Anthony Quinn dala miliyan 1.5 a cewar Michael Ansara. [[Muhammad Ali]] yana so ya buga Bilal, amma an ba Sekka rawar a maimakon haka tare da Sekka yana mai cewa "Akkad yana son Musulmi mai ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo don yin rawar" da kuma "ta yaya kowa zai iya gaskata cewa za a iya azabtar da Ali kuma a wulakanta shi kamar Bilal ya kasance?". An fara yin fim a Maroko a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1974, amma 'yan sanda na Maroko sun tilasta musu su daina yin fim a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, yayin da [[Faisal na Saudi Arabia]] ya matsa wa Hassan II na Maroko matsin lamba. An ba Akkad izinin yin fim a Libya bayan ya nuna fim din da ba a shirya ba ga [[Muammar Gaddafi]] kuma an yi fim daga Oktoba 1974 zuwa Mayu 1975. Gaddafi yana son Akkad ya yi fim din da ya danganci rayuwar [[Omar al-Mukhtar]]. Akkad ta yi fim din Turanci da Larabci na fim din a lokaci guda tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. An yi amfani da fitila mai haske a kan kyamarar yayin al'amuran haruffa tare da Muhammadu don wakiltar immanence. Masanin addinin Musulunci Khaled Abou El Fadl, wanda ya kasance aboki na Akkad, ya yaba da yadda ya kwatanta Muhammadu yana mai cewa "Don gano hanyar da annabi ya zama mutum ba tare da nuna masa ba - yana da kyau". Akkad ya ga fim din a matsayin hanyar da za a rufe gibin tsakanin kasashen Yamma da na [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulunci]], yana mai cewa a cikin wata hira ta 1976:<blockquote>I did the film because it is a personal thing for me. Besides its production values as a film, it has its story, its intrigue, its drama. Besides all this I think there was something personal, being a Muslim myself who lived in the west I felt that it was my obligation my duty to tell the truth about Islam. It is a religion that has a 700 million following, yet it's so little known about which surprised me. I thought I should tell the story that will bring this bridge, this gap to the west.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup></blockquote> == Saki == A watan Yulin 1976, kwana biyar kafin fim din ya buɗe a West End na London, barazanar kiran waya zuwa gidan silima ya sa Akkad ta canza taken daga Mohammed, Manzo na Allah zuwa The Message, a farashin £ 50,000. An dakatar da fim din a Masar, Kuwait, da Saudi Arabia (har zuwa 2018). Irwin Yablans ya rarraba fim din a Amurka. Kamar yadda aka shirya fim din don fara bugawa a Amurka, wata kungiya mai rabuwa da baƙar fata mai kishin kasa na Islama da ke kiran kanta Hanafi Movement ta shirya kewaye da [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] reshen B'nai B'rith . A karkashin kuskuren imani cewa Anthony Quinn ya buga Muhammad a cikin fim din, <ref name="Brockopp" /> kungiyar ta yi barazanar fashe ginin da mazaunanta sai dai idan an soke bude fim din. An cire fim din daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a ranar da aka fara shi, amma ya ci gaba da wasa bayan da kewaye ya ƙare. Akkad ya ba da damar nuna fim din ga Musulmai na Hanafi kuma ya ce zai lalata fim din idan sun same shi da laifi. An warware rikici bayan mutuwar wani ɗan jarida da ɗan sanda, amma "ba a taɓa samun damar yin fim din ba daga mummunar gardamar ba".<ref name="DemingSummary" /><ref name="DemingSummary" /> An saki dub na [[Indiyanci|Hindi-Urdu]] na Indiya a duk faɗin ƙasar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, Yamshi Ahmed da Saad Ahmed ne suka samar da shi a ƙarƙashin tutar Oasis Enterprises kuma Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions ne suka rarraba shi tare da rubutun dub na Hasan Kamal. Har ila yau, dub ɗin ya ƙunshi sake fasalin sauti wanda ya ƙunshi waƙar "Marhaba Mustapha" A. R. Rahman. Maulana Kalbe Sadiq, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Shari'a ta Musulmi ta Indiya da sauran [[Ulama'u|Ulema]] na Indiya sun amince da sakin ta a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2007 |title=Anuj Saxena's Maverick Productions to distribute movie Al-Risalah. |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/anuj-saxenas-maverick-productions-to-distribute-movie-alrisalah_3119 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> Kodayake har yanzu yana fuskantar adawa a [[Hyderabad]], a lokacin da aka saki shi a can a watan Fabrairun 2008 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rama Krishna, ta ƙungiyar Islama ta Tanzeem Islah-e-Muashra da jam'iyyar siyasa ta Islama Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen - wanda shugaban majalisa na Andhra Pradesh Akbaruddin Owaisi ya nemi haramta fim din saboda zargin nuna Islama cikin mummunan haske. Duk da yake wannan ya haifar da dakatar da baje kolin fim din a cikin birni, mai rarraba Maverick Productions ya kare fim din yana cewa ba shi da wani abu mai banƙyama amma suna shirye su yanke duk wani abu da aka ɗauka mai banƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jafri |first=Syed Amin |date=February 23, 2008 |title=Hyderabad: Screening of Islamic fim stopped |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/23screen.htm |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=[[rediff.com]]}}</ref> An nuna gyaran fim din na 4K a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Dubai a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, kuma an ba shi sakin wasan kwaikwayo a Saudi Arabia. == Karɓar baƙi == Fim din ya buƙaci samun dala miliyan 35 don ya karya, amma kawai ya sami dala miliyan 5 a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da dala miliyan 2 da ke fitowa daga Amurka.{{Sfn|Medved|Medved|1984}} Mai sukar fina-finai na Sunday Times Dilys Powell ya bayyana fim din a matsayin "Yamma ... ya haɗu da Kirista na Farko". Ta lura da irin wannan gujewa ga kwatancin Yesu kai tsaye a cikin fina-finai na Littafi Mai-Tsarki na farko, kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa "daga ra'ayi na fasaha da na addini fim din yana da cikakkiyar gaskiya". Bambancin-bambance sun yaba da hotunan "mai ban mamaki", "mai kyau" wuraren yaƙi da kuma "mai ƙarfi da gamsarwa", kodayake rabin fim din an kira shi "abubuwa masu sauƙi da kuma anticlimactic". Charles Champlin na Los Angeles Times ya yi tunanin cewa an yi wuraren yaƙi "da ban mamaki" kuma cewa "girman kai da tsayi" na Anthony Quinn sun dace da rawar da ya taka. [2][3] Gene Siskel na Chicago Tribune ya ba shi taurari biyu daga cikin hudu, yana kiransa "fim ne mai kyau, mai girman kasafin kuɗi. Ba haka ba, ba haka ba. " Alexander Walker, yana rubutu ga Evening Standard, ya yaba da fim din kuma ya ce "Na sami kaina gaba ɗaya yana sha'awar shi. " [4][5] Bob Thomas, yana rubutawa a cikin Associated Press, ya bayyana cewa fim din "mai girmamawa ne, mai saurin kai (sa'o'i uku) wanda ya ba da lada game da haihuwar Islama". Richard Eder na The New York Times ya bayyana tasirin rashin nuna Muhammadu a matsayin "maras kyau" kuma ya kwatanta shi da "ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rikodin Music Minus One," yana ƙara cewa wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance "a matakin rashin hankali na farkon Cecil B. DeMille Bible epic, amma shugabanci da saurin ya fi lalacewa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eder |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Eder |date=March 10, 1977 |title=Screen: 3-Hour 'Mohammad' |journal=[[The New York Times]] |page=28}}</ref> John Pym na The Monthly Film Bulletin ya rubuta: "Jirgin da ba a sauƙaƙe-ƙanta na wannan kamfani na dala miliyan goma (wanda aka kira shi da 'ƙayyadadden' mafi girma ga duk wani fim ɗin nan mai tsayi na Musustace-dariya ne saboda tsayi na darasi ga duk mutanen nan mai tsayin-dariya mai tsayi mai tsayi ga duk wani nau' ya kasancewar nan mai tsayarwa na Musustacy mai tsayar da yawa ga duk wani abu mai tsayaraya ga duk wani mafi girma) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pym |first=John |date=September 1976 |title=Al-Risalah (The Message [Mohammad Messenger of God]) |journal=[[The Monthly Film Bulletin]] |volume=43 |issue=512 |page=187}}</ref> Matsayin Muna Wassef a matsayin Hind a cikin harshen Larabci ya sami karbuwa a duniya. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == An zabi fim din don Oscar a shekarar 1977 don Mafi kyawun asali na asali don kiɗa ta Maurice Jarre . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1978-04-03 |title=1977 Oscars - 50th Annual Academy Awards Oscar Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1977-O.html |access-date=2012-03-25 |publisher=Popculturemadness.com}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Maurice Jarre ne ya kirkiro waƙoƙin The Message kuma ya gudanar da su kuma ƙungiyar London Symphony Orchestra ce ta yi su. ; Jerin waƙoƙi don fitowar farko akan LP ''Yankin Ɗaya'' # Saƙon (3:01) # Hegira (4:24) # Gina Masallaci na Farko (2:51) # Sura (3:34) # Kasancewar Muhammadu (2:13) # Shigar Makka (3:15) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cuv7fq1x0mn3tumljt5djbz5nm6c27g 0 152539 841027 2026-05-28T07:07:51Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187168688|Belesat]]" 841027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belesat''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Inticho ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray ta gina dam ɗin ƙasa da ke riƙe da tafki a cikin 1997. == Yanayin Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 15 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 308 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 19 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 428 028 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 60 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 7.4 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 15. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 32 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 20 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 4.8&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 9.62&nbsp;kilomita da tsawon mita 3670. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Adigrat Sandstone da Enicho Sandstone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9oyjxv4t539srbwm4hilqgf0dzmijre 841031 841027 2026-05-28T07:08:44Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Belesat''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Inticho ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray ta gina dam ɗin ƙasa da ke riƙe da tafki a cikin 1997. == Yanayin Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 15 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 308 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 19 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 428 028 m³ * [[Dead storage|Mataccen ajiya]] : 60 000 m³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 7.4 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 15. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 32 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 20 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 4.8&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 9.62&nbsp;kilomita da tsawon mita 3670. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Adigrat Sandstone da Enicho Sandstone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == gsyf91hcrqr1lv62lltk0tg5fovdybs 0 152540 841032 2026-05-28T07:10:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348737104|Arato (reservoir)]]" 841032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arato''' wani tafki ne dake cikin gundumar [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 20 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 443 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 2,590,000 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar matacce]] : 647,698 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 40 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 120 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 27 [[Fayil:10._Arato.jpg|left|thumb]] == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da {{Convert|12|km2}} babba, tare da kewaye na {{Cvt|16|km}} da tsawon {{Cvt|4950|m}} . Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == hoyrlvm6o3smq3m5vfua6t3fj30fvoz 841033 841032 2026-05-28T07:10:22Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arato''' wani tafki ne dake cikin gundumar [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 20 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 443 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 20 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 2,590,000 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar matacce]] : 647,698 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 40 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 120 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 27 [[Fayil:10._Arato.jpg|left|thumb]] == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da {{Convert|12|km2}} babba, tare da kewaye na {{Cvt|16|km}} da tsawon {{Cvt|4950|m}} . Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == izi9ou2phqhm98spmnnx3boebvu5qvm 0 152541 841034 2026-05-28T07:11:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343241414|Addi Shihu]]" 841034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Shihu''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta a yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 10.8 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 301 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: miliyan 1 ^m3 * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 36 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 40 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 13 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da fadin kilomita 9.4 da faɗin murabba'i ^biyu . Magudanar ruwan tana fama da [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; illa mai kyau ita ce wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Garin Addi Shihu, a yankin [[Alaje]] yana da nisan sama da kilomita 100 daga kudu. == Manazarta == 18f6p9fxcjqo1l9wzb3lcklvbucy2f1 841035 841034 2026-05-28T07:11:45Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Shihu''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta a yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 10.8 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 301 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: miliyan 1 ^m3 * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 36 == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 40 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 13 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da fadin kilomita 9.4 da faɗin murabba'i ^biyu . Magudanar ruwan tana fama da [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; illa mai kyau ita ce wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Garin Addi Shihu, a yankin [[Alaje]] yana da nisan sama da kilomita 100 daga kudu. == Manazarta == ri07un9jc5k0pcr5cdzpyq83ieqq4ch 0 152542 841036 2026-05-28T07:12:54Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294939849|Addi Qenafiz]]" 841036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Qenafiz''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 15.5 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 514 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 670 480 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar matacce]] : 60953 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 12.86 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 31. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 60 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 7 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwan tana da fadin kilomita ^14.18, kuma tana da fadin kilomita 17 da tsawon mita 5360. Magudanar ruwan tana fama da [[Seltation|matsalar zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ilimin yanayin ƙasa na magudanar ruwan shine Mekelle Dolerite, Agula Shale, kuma a gefen sama, [[Tsarin Amba Aradam|Amba Aradam Formation]] . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 373rnqkgvmhdbjxc2kro71ly8g6yo0e 841037 841036 2026-05-28T07:13:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Qenafiz''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: mita 15.5 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 514 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 10 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 670 480 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar matacce]] : 60953 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: 12.86 ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 31. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 60 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 7 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwan tana da fadin kilomita ^14.18, kuma tana da fadin kilomita 17 da tsawon mita 5360. Magudanar ruwan tana fama da [[Seltation|matsalar zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ilimin yanayin ƙasa na magudanar ruwan shine Mekelle Dolerite, Agula Shale, kuma a gefen sama, [[Tsarin Amba Aradam|Amba Aradam Formation]] . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == f6s0uvrwf8gyxt1b3wbt9bt5j0w3n0k 0 152543 841038 2026-05-28T07:14:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294939843|Addi Hilo]]" 841038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Hilo''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 11.4 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 171 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 1 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 108 806 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 4328 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 2.5 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 9. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 9 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 9 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita ^0.72, kuma tana da fadin kilomita 3.34 da tsawon mita 1210. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da [[Seltation|matsalar zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Asalin magudanar ruwa shine Agula shale da ƙaramin Mekelle dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == olh0xh2y7cmjncg2stfy8e4eb4cmyet 841039 841038 2026-05-28T07:14:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Hilo''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 11.4 * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 171 * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: mita 1 == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 108 806 m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar da ta mutu]] : 4328 m ³ * Yankin madatsar ruwa: hekta 2.5 A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 9. == Ban ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara na ban ruwa: hekta 9 * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: hekta 9 == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa tana da girman kilomita ^0.72, kuma tana da fadin kilomita 3.34 da tsawon mita 1210. Magudanar ruwa tana fama da [[Seltation|matsalar zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Asalin magudanar ruwa shine Agula shale da ƙaramin Mekelle dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == d7kbmku2gdy9tgab9btwi6m54y2l74z 0 152544 841040 2026-05-28T07:15:44Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1248329608|Addi Akhor]]" 841040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Akhor''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke gundumar [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Enderta]] a yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 1998 ta hannun SAERT . == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|18|m}} * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|210|m}} * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: {{Convert|1.3|m}} == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: {{Convert|510777|m3}} * [[Dead storage|Matattun ajiya]] : {{Convert|6008|m3}} * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: {{Convert|8.19|ha}} A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 30. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: {{Convert|30|ha}} * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: {{Convert|20|ha}} == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai {{Convert|2.75|km2}} babba. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == ka6eh3fnnxtjyh0voh20h5cx3cbehcf 841041 841040 2026-05-28T07:16:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Akhor''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke gundumar [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Enderta]] a yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da ma'ajiyar a shekarar 1998 ta hannun SAERT . == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|18|m}} * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|210|m}} * [[Hanyar Zube|Faɗin]] ramin rami: {{Convert|1.3|m}} == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: {{Convert|510777|m3}} * [[Dead storage|Matattun ajiya]] : {{Convert|6008|m3}} * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: {{Convert|8.19|ha}} A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 30. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: {{Convert|30|ha}} * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: {{Convert|20|ha}} == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai {{Convert|2.75|km2}} babba. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9vxcw6dsi83izcera1d2qua7ghau6v8 0 152545 841042 2026-05-28T07:16:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321389901|Zengena Lake]]" 841042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Zengena''' (Amharic) tafkin rami ne wanda ke a 10°54′50′′N 36°58′00′′E / 10.91389°N 36.96667°E / 10. 91389; 36.966 67 a Yankin Awi na Yankin Amhara a [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tana tsakanin garuruwan Injibara da [[Kessa]], kawai 200 m daga babbar hanyar [[Addis Ababa]]-[[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] a tsawo na 2500 m. Diamita na tafkin kusan 1 km. Tare da matsakaicin zurfin 166 m, shine tafkin na biyu mafi zurfi a Habasha bayan Tafkin Shala. An yi gefen ta ne da asusun ash da ba a haɗa su ba. Tafkin Zengena mai yiwuwa tafkin maar ne wanda aka kafa ta hanyar fashewar dutsen wuta da rushewa.<ref>Tenalem Ayenew (2009). Natural Lakes of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University Press. Addis Ababa</ref> == Manazarta == ftghdru00exucqbr407t4bhnzstt5us 841044 841042 2026-05-28T07:17:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 841044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Zengena''' (Amharic) tafkin rami ne wanda ke a 10°54′50′′N 36°58′00′′E / 10.91389°N 36.96667°E / 10. 91389; 36.966 67 a Yankin Awi na Yankin Amhara a [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tana tsakanin garuruwan Injibara da [[Kessa]], kawai 200 m daga babbar hanyar [[Addis Ababa]]-[[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] a tsawo na 2500 m. Diamita na tafkin kusan 1 km. Tare da matsakaicin zurfin 166 m, shine tafkin na biyu mafi zurfi a Habasha bayan Tafkin Shala. An yi gefen ta ne da asusun ash da ba a haɗa su ba. Tafkin Zengena mai yiwuwa tafkin maar ne wanda aka kafa ta hanyar fashewar dutsen wuta da rushewa.<ref>Tenalem Ayenew (2009). Natural Lakes of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University Press. Addis Ababa</ref> == Manazarta == pqi3obefkcg4deslj9ic0sg9e8gbkm7 0 152546 841043 2026-05-28T07:17:09Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340506288|White Hotel (film)]]" 841043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''White Hotel''''' fim ne na fim wanda masu shirya fina-finai na Amurka Dianne Griffin da Tobi Solvang suka samar. An yi [[Documentary film|fim din]] ne a [[Eritrea]] a Gabashin Afirka kuma yana mai da hankali kan batun kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Eritrea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell, Elvis |author-link=Elvis Mitchell |date=October 19, 2001 |title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'White Hotel' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/movies/film-in-review-white-hotel.html}}</ref> ''White Hotel'' ta karɓi don rarraba ta Jane Balfour Films a cikin shekara ta 2003. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekara ta 2004. == Labari == Lokacin da mata biyu tare da kyamarar bidiyo suka bi ƙungiyar bincike ta HIV ta Amurka zuwa Eritrea, Afirka, ƙasar farin ciki, zalunci, sha'awa, da yankan jima'i sun yaudare su. White Hotel shine gidan yawon bude ido inda Griffin da Solvang suka fara tafiyarsu. Duk da haka, gaskiyarsu ta jarida ta rushe ta hanyar yanayin da suka fuskanta, ta juya shirin su zuwa bincike mai zurfi game da iyawarsu na ƙauna, wahala, da gafarta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == 12g4l1vvnsmsa8vlogtl82bc2a2djtc 841045 841043 2026-05-28T07:17:29Z Gwanki 3834 841045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''White Hotel''''' fim ne na fim wanda masu shirya fina-finai na Amurka Dianne Griffin da Tobi Solvang suka samar. An yi [[Documentary film|fim din]] ne a [[Eritrea]] a Gabashin Afirka kuma yana mai da hankali kan batun kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Eritrea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell, Elvis |author-link=Elvis Mitchell |date=October 19, 2001 |title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'White Hotel' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/movies/film-in-review-white-hotel.html}}</ref> ''White Hotel'' ta karɓi don rarraba ta Jane Balfour Films a cikin shekara ta 2003. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekara ta 2004. == Labari == Lokacin da mata biyu tare da kyamarar bidiyo suka bi ƙungiyar bincike ta HIV ta Amurka zuwa Eritrea, Afirka, ƙasar farin ciki, zalunci, sha'awa, da yankan jima'i sun yaudare su. White Hotel shine gidan yawon bude ido inda Griffin da Solvang suka fara tafiyarsu. Duk da haka, gaskiyarsu ta jarida ta rushe ta hanyar yanayin da suka fuskanta, ta juya shirin su zuwa bincike mai zurfi game da iyawarsu na ƙauna, wahala, da gafarta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == 7c1agpvtagkms5t0mvvhrraznomw97r 841048 841045 2026-05-28T07:18:21Z Gwanki 3834 841048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''White Hotel''''' fim ne na fim wanda masu shirya fina-finai na Amurka Dianne Griffin da Tobi Solvang suka samar. An yi [[Documentary film|fim din]] ne a [[Eritrea]] a Gabashin Afirka kuma yana mai da hankali kan batun kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Eritrea.<ref>{{cite web|title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'White Hotel'|author=Mitchell, Elvis|authorlink=Elvis Mitchell|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 19, 2001|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/movies/film-in-review-white-hotel.html}}</ref> ''White Hotel'' ta karɓi don rarraba ta Jane Balfour Films a cikin shekara ta 2003. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekara ta 2004. == Labari == Lokacin da mata biyu tare da kyamarar bidiyo suka bi ƙungiyar bincike ta HIV ta Amurka zuwa Eritrea, Afirka, ƙasar farin ciki, zalunci, sha'awa, da yankan jima'i sun yaudare su. White Hotel shine gidan yawon bude ido inda Griffin da Solvang suka fara tafiyarsu. Duk da haka, gaskiyarsu ta jarida ta rushe ta hanyar yanayin da suka fuskanta, ta juya shirin su zuwa bincike mai zurfi game da iyawarsu na ƙauna, wahala, da gafarta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == ipmu3azidvs012o0vs7zsl8k8a2zwpd 841053 841048 2026-05-28T07:19:00Z Gwanki 3834 841053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''White Hotel''''' fim ne na fim wanda masu shirya fina-finai na Amurka Dianne Griffin da Tobi Solvang suka samar. An yi [[Documentary film|fim din]] ne a [[Eritrea]] a Gabashin Afirka kuma yana mai da hankali kan batun kamuwa da cutar kanjamau / AIDS a Eritrea.<ref>{{cite web|title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'White Hotel'|author=Mitchell, Elvis|authorlink=Elvis Mitchell|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 19, 2001|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/movies/film-in-review-white-hotel.html}}</ref> ''White Hotel'' ta karɓi don rarraba ta Jane Balfour Films a cikin shekara ta 2003. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekara ta 2004.<ref>{{cite book|title=White Hotel|asin=6305610363 }}</ref> == Labari == Lokacin da mata biyu tare da kyamarar bidiyo suka bi ƙungiyar bincike ta HIV ta Amurka zuwa Eritrea, Afirka, ƙasar farin ciki, zalunci, sha'awa, da yankan jima'i sun yaudare su. White Hotel shine gidan yawon bude ido inda Griffin da Solvang suka fara tafiyarsu. Duk da haka, gaskiyarsu ta jarida ta rushe ta hanyar yanayin da suka fuskanta, ta juya shirin su zuwa bincike mai zurfi game da iyawarsu na ƙauna, wahala, da gafarta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == 0wabspkdex559dvp6pmw5n3fo15y2ky 0 152547 841046 2026-05-28T07:17:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1189401974|Addi Asme'e]]" 841046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Asme'e''' tafki ne da ke cikin yankin Kola Tembien na Yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan da ke riƙe da tafkin a cikin 1994, tare da tsawon madatsar ruwa na mita 287. == Muhalli == Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Precambrian metamorphic rock. == Manazarta == mjyfgiit6wdwxts6ceafhyu6ol1n4wm 841047 841046 2026-05-28T07:18:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 841047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Asme'e''' tafki ne da ke cikin yankin Kola Tembien na Yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan da ke riƙe da tafkin a cikin 1994, tare da tsawon madatsar ruwa na mita 287. == Muhalli == Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Precambrian metamorphic rock. == Manazarta == 0ugjm1eb7pzqlpp8u13ol6kzp7lpfs5 0 152548 841049 2026-05-28T07:18:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306740491|Addi Amharay]]" 841049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Amharay''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwan: mita 14.7 * Tsawon tsaunukan madatsar ruwa: mita 128 * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|Hanyar zubar da ruwa]]: mita 17 == Capacity == * Ikon farko: 957,000 m³&nbsp; * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]]: 175,000 m³&nbsp; * Yankin tafkin: 31.5 ha&nbsp; A shekara ta 2001, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar tafkin kafin a cika shi da turɓaya a cikin shekaru 33 kawai. == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: hekta 60&nbsp; * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekara ta 2001: hekta 5&nbsp; == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da 4.9² km2, tare da kewayon 9.62 km da tsawon mita 3560. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Antalo Limestone da Agula shale . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa ya ɓace ta hanyar tsomawa; sakamako mai kyau shi ne cewa wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake caji na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref>&nbsp; == Manazarta == n0t61c54kkshjtu55yswxbzqhuk976f 841050 841049 2026-05-28T07:18:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 841050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Amharay''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1997. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwan: mita 14.7 * Tsawon tsaunukan madatsar ruwa: mita 128 * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|Hanyar zubar da ruwa]]: mita 17 == Capacity == * Ikon farko: 957,000 m³&nbsp; * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]]: 175,000 m³&nbsp; * Yankin tafkin: 31.5 ha&nbsp; A shekara ta 2001, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar tafkin kafin a cika shi da turɓaya a cikin shekaru 33 kawai. == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: hekta 60&nbsp; * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekara ta 2001: hekta 5&nbsp; == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da 4.9² km2, tare da kewayon 9.62 km da tsawon mita 3560. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Antalo Limestone da Agula shale . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa ya ɓace ta hanyar tsomawa; sakamako mai kyau shi ne cewa wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake caji na ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref>&nbsp; == Manazarta == jkyyhwlfbccnsw0ispdsz9s1hc6u5ck 0 152549 841055 2026-05-28T07:19:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1294939829|Addi Gela]]" 841055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Addi Gela''' tafki ne da ke cikin [[Hintalo Wajirat]] ''woreda'' na Yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan da ke riƙe da tafkin a cikin 1998 ta hanyar SAERT. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 22 * Tsawon tsaunukan madatsar ruwa: mita 424 * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|Hanyar zubar da ruwa]]: mita 14 == Capacity == * Ikon farko: 1 250 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]]: 62 500 m³ * Yankin tafkin: 18.5 ha A shekara ta 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar tafkin (tsawon da ya gabata kafin a cika shi da turɓaya) a shekaru 40. == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: 100 ha * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a 2002: hekta 6 == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da girman kilomita 8.19, tare da kewayon kilomita 13.43 da tsawon mita 5640. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Agula Shale, Mekelle Dolerite, da sandstone na Amba Aradam Formation. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa ya ɓace ta hanyar tsomawa; sakamako mai kyau shi ne cewa wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake cajin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == cuo96tzn2oawsu6xbj6j2fkmr11kuhm 841056 841055 2026-05-28T07:19:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 841056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Addi Gela''' tafki ne da ke cikin [[Hintalo Wajirat]] ''woreda'' na Yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . An gina madatsar ruwan da ke riƙe da tafkin a cikin 1998 ta hanyar SAERT. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: mita 22 * Tsawon tsaunukan madatsar ruwa: mita 424 * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|Hanyar zubar da ruwa]]: mita 14 == Capacity == * Ikon farko: 1 250 000 m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]]: 62 500 m³ * Yankin tafkin: 18.5 ha A shekara ta 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar tafkin (tsawon da ya gabata kafin a cika shi da turɓaya) a shekaru 40. == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: 100 ha * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a 2002: hekta 6 == Muhalli == Rashin tafkin yana da girman kilomita 8.19, tare da kewayon kilomita 13.43 da tsawon mita 5640. Wannan tafkin yana fama da saurin yaduwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lithology na tafkin shine Agula Shale, Mekelle Dolerite, da sandstone na Amba Aradam Formation. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa ya ɓace ta hanyar tsomawa; sakamako mai kyau shi ne cewa wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga sake cajin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Manazarta == qyhni95znr3cm3osypcg0ykbwy1xass 0 152550 841058 2026-05-28T07:20:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1225742734|Era Quhila]]" 841058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Era Quhila''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar Noma da Albarkatun Kasa ta Tigray ce ta gina madatsar ruwa mai kauri a shekarar 1997. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|180|metres}} * Faɗin ramin [[Hanyar Zube|ruwa]] : {{Convert|15|metres}} * Asali ƙarfinsa: {{Convert|1185000|m3}} == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: hekta 87 ( acres; 870,000 ) * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekara ta : hekta 25 (62 acres; 250,000 ) == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai {{Convert|12.86|km2}} babba, tare da kewayen {{Convert|14|km}} da tsawon {{Convert|4550|metres}} . Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula shale da ɗan Mekelle Dolerite . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == s1d7mg1t84rld3g78mon7b2d6wtklgs 841060 841058 2026-05-28T07:20:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Era Quhila''' wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Hukumar Noma da Albarkatun Kasa ta Tigray ce ta gina madatsar ruwa mai kauri a shekarar 1997. == Halayen madatsar ruwa == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: {{Convert|180|metres}} * Faɗin ramin [[Hanyar Zube|ruwa]] : {{Convert|15|metres}} * Asali ƙarfinsa: {{Convert|1185000|m3}} == Ruwa == * Yankin da aka tsara don ban ruwa: hekta 87 ( acres; 870,000 ) * Yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekara ta : hekta 25 (62 acres; 250,000 ) == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai {{Convert|12.86|km2}} babba, tare da kewayen {{Convert|14|km}} da tsawon {{Convert|4550|metres}} . Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula shale da ɗan Mekelle Dolerite . Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3ht4q5f1zgcnkr09t9gw1ml50e7zk3a 0 152551 841061 2026-05-28T07:21:40Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291979296|Gereb Segen (May Gabat)]]" 841061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb Segen''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . [[Tigray Water Bureau|Hukumar Ruwa ta Tigray]] ce ta gina madatsar ruwa ta ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da madatsar ruwa a shekarar 2016, da babban manufar samar wa Mekelle ruwa. [[Fayil:May_Gabat_dam.jpg|left|thumb|madatsar ruwa ta Gereb Segen da kuma ma'adanar ruwa]] == Kalubale == A shekarar 2018-2019, ma'adanar ruwan ta kasa biyan bukatun ruwa na Mekelle. * Diamita na bututu ba su da kyau * Zubar da ruwa ta hanyar bututun * Tafkin laka da kogin May Gabat ya tara <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanmaercke |first=M. and colleagues |date=2010 |title=Sediment dynamics and the role of flash floods in sediment export from medium-sized catchments: a case study from the semi-arid tropical highlands in northern Ethiopia |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/854315 |journal=Journal of Soils and Sediments |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=611–627 |doi=10.1007/s11368-010-0203-9 |s2cid=53365853 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Ban ruwa == Duk da cewa ba a yi nufin magudanar ruwa don ban ruwa ba, ana amfani da ruwan da ke ratsawa a cikin kwarin da ke ƙasa don ban ruwa. Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mebrahtu |first=Gebreslassie |last2=Abay |first2=Asmelash |last3=Hailu |first3=Gebrerufael |last4=Hagos |first4=Miruts |date=2020 |title=Electrical resistivity imaging and engineering geological investigation of Gereb Segen dam, northern Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-019-01577-0#Sec8 |journal=Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment |volume=79 |pages=83–95 |doi=10.1007/s10064-019-01577-0 |s2cid=199098746 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> kuma yana ba da damar ban ruwa ta hanyar al'ummomin da ke ƙasa. [[Fayil:Leakage_from_Gereb_Segen_dam.jpg|thumb|Malalar ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Gereb Segen]] == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Akwai wani ma'ajiyar ruwa (ƙarami) mai suna iri ɗaya, kimanin kilomita 20 daga kudu maso gabas: Gereb Segen (Hintalo) . == Rushewar hanyar ruwa == A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2024, hanyar magudanar ruwa ta ruguje, wanda hakan ya lalata magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> hh7la6pas1r3j2lhrukge4169odsnsp 841064 841061 2026-05-28T07:22:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb Segen''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke ''yankin'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . [[Tigray Water Bureau|Hukumar Ruwa ta Tigray]] ce ta gina madatsar ruwa ta ƙasa wadda ke riƙe da madatsar ruwa a shekarar 2016, da babban manufar samar wa Mekelle ruwa. [[Fayil:May_Gabat_dam.jpg|left|thumb|madatsar ruwa ta Gereb Segen da kuma ma'adanar ruwa]] == Kalubale == A shekarar 2018-2019, ma'adanar ruwan ta kasa biyan bukatun ruwa na Mekelle. * Diamita na bututu ba su da kyau * Zubar da ruwa ta hanyar bututun * Tafkin laka da kogin May Gabat ya tara <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanmaercke |first=M. and colleagues |date=2010 |title=Sediment dynamics and the role of flash floods in sediment export from medium-sized catchments: a case study from the semi-arid tropical highlands in northern Ethiopia |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/854315 |journal=Journal of Soils and Sediments |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=611–627 |doi=10.1007/s11368-010-0203-9 |s2cid=53365853 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Ban ruwa == Duk da cewa ba a yi nufin magudanar ruwa don ban ruwa ba, ana amfani da ruwan da ke ratsawa a cikin kwarin da ke ƙasa don ban ruwa. Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Antalo Limestone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mebrahtu |first=Gebreslassie |last2=Abay |first2=Asmelash |last3=Hailu |first3=Gebrerufael |last4=Hagos |first4=Miruts |date=2020 |title=Electrical resistivity imaging and engineering geological investigation of Gereb Segen dam, northern Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-019-01577-0#Sec8 |journal=Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment |volume=79 |pages=83–95 |doi=10.1007/s10064-019-01577-0 |s2cid=199098746 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> kuma yana ba da damar ban ruwa ta hanyar al'ummomin da ke ƙasa. [[Fayil:Leakage_from_Gereb_Segen_dam.jpg|thumb|Malalar ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Gereb Segen]] == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Akwai wani ma'ajiyar ruwa (ƙarami) mai suna iri ɗaya, kimanin kilomita 20 daga kudu maso gabas: Gereb Segen (Hintalo) . == Rushewar hanyar ruwa == A ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2024, hanyar magudanar ruwa ta ruguje, wanda hakan ya lalata magudanar ruwa ta ƙasa. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 499nwshf4szwkfk1x8qsfybmitozg1m 0 152552 841062 2026-05-28T07:21:48Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341468877|Port Djema]]" 841062 wikitext text/x-wiki Port Djema fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa na 1997 wanda [[Eric Heumann]] ya jagoranta. An shigar da shi cikin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 47 inda Heumann ya lashe Silver Bear don Darakta Mafi Kyawu. <ref name="Berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html |access-date=12 January 2012 |website=berlinale.de}}</ref> Sanjay Mishra ne ya rubuta waƙar fim din kuma an sake shi a matsayin kundin sauti mai suna Port Djema . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Jean-Yves Dubois]] a matsayin Pierre Feldman * Nathalie Boutefeu a matsayin Alice * [[Christophe Odent]] a matsayin Jérôme Delbos * Edouard Montoute a matsayin Ousman * Frédéric Pierrot a matsayin Antoine Barasse * [[Claire Wauthion]] a matsayin Sister Marie-Françoise * Frédéric Andrei == Sauti == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Guitarist Sanjay Mishra ya ba da gudummawar kiɗa don sauti, wanda aka saki a cikin 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=AllMusic}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 "Port Djema"]. ''AllMusic''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1997 |title=Port Djema |url=https://www.discogs.com/fr/Sanjay-Mishra-Port-Djema-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack-/release/5962293 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=Discogs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.mishra.net/portdjema/portdjema.html |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=Sanjay Mishra}}</ref> === Jerin waƙoƙi === Duk waƙoƙin da Sanjay Mishra ya tsara, ban da "Amaldu" na Abeba Haile. # Ga Julia # Rarrabawar # Amaldu # Mirage # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na yau da kullun 1 # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na Ƙari 2 # Shigar zuwa asuba # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na gaggawa 3 # Yanayi / Amaldu # Waƙoƙi na yau da kullun 4 # Manali # Ga Julia (sake dawowa) == Bayanan da aka ambata == a31xvl6c58sh83jwsxt3ghlz7wrcj10 841066 841062 2026-05-28T07:22:22Z Gwanki 3834 841066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Port Djema''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa na 1997 wanda [[Eric Heumann]] ya jagoranta. An shigar da shi cikin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 47 inda Heumann ya lashe Silver Bear don Darakta Mafi Kyawu. <ref name="Berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html |access-date=12 January 2012 |website=berlinale.de}}</ref> Sanjay Mishra ne ya rubuta waƙar fim din kuma an sake shi a matsayin kundin sauti mai suna Port Djema . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Jean-Yves Dubois]] a matsayin Pierre Feldman * Nathalie Boutefeu a matsayin Alice * [[Christophe Odent]] a matsayin Jérôme Delbos * Edouard Montoute a matsayin Ousman * Frédéric Pierrot a matsayin Antoine Barasse * [[Claire Wauthion]] a matsayin Sister Marie-Françoise * Frédéric Andrei == Sauti == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Guitarist Sanjay Mishra ya ba da gudummawar kiɗa don sauti, wanda aka saki a cikin 1997.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=AllMusic}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.allmusic.com/album/port-djema-soundtrack-mw0000236595 "Port Djema"]. ''AllMusic''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1997 |title=Port Djema |url=https://www.discogs.com/fr/Sanjay-Mishra-Port-Djema-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack-/release/5962293 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=Discogs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Djema |url=http://www.mishra.net/portdjema/portdjema.html |access-date=September 26, 2017 |website=Sanjay Mishra}}</ref> === Jerin waƙoƙi === Duk waƙoƙin da Sanjay Mishra ya tsara, ban da "Amaldu" na Abeba Haile. # Ga Julia # Rarrabawar # Amaldu # Mirage # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na yau da kullun 1 # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na Ƙari 2 # Shigar zuwa asuba # Sauti na yanayi # Waƙoƙi na gaggawa 3 # Yanayi / Amaldu # Waƙoƙi na yau da kullun 4 # Manali # Ga Julia (sake dawowa) == Bayanan da aka ambata == 2t1knzkvekk491nidk3uzgxjfbtdhzs 0 152553 841063 2026-05-28T07:21:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315172826|Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant]]" 841063 wikitext text/x-wiki Wani lokacin ana kiranta '''Beles II''' ko '''Tana Beles''', tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kusa da Tafkin Tana .<ref>{{Cite web |last=1Q. Goor |last2=C. Halleux |last3=Y. Mohamed |last4=A. Tilmant |date=July 6, 2010 |title=Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/4331/2010/hessd-7-4331-2010-print.pdf |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=Copernicus Publications |page=4356 (10)}}</ref> Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga tafkin ta hanyar canja wurin Tana-Beles kuma bayan amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, ana fitar da ruwa cikin Kogin Beles. Shirin yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 460 MW, yana mai da shi tashar wutar lantarki ta biyu mafi girma a kasar. Hakanan ana sa ran zai taimaka wajen samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na hekta {{Convert|140000|ha|acre}} (acre 350,000). <ref name="large">{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Ethiopia's Beles Power Plant {{sic|Inaug|rated|nolink=y|expected=inaugurated}} |url=http://www.ezega.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2307 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ezega}}</ref> An kaddamar da shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 kuma janareta na karshe ya fara aiki a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012. Gininsa ya kasance mummunan ra'ayi daga Masar. == Tarihi da gini == In 1992, the first feasibility study was completed for the project, a 200 MW power station. A later study and final design was completed in 2005 by Studio Pietrangeli for the current 460 MW plant.<ref name="Piet">{{Cite web |title=Beles MPP |url=http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170802/http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Studio Pietrangeli}}</ref> The Government of Ethiopia signed a contract with Salini Costruttori to build the plant on July 8, 2005, and construction began soon after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on Operations |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/download/233 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Salini Construtorri}}</ref> Because of the project's remote location, transportation and manning of personnel and equipment was difficult, often taking 4–5 months for supplies to arrive. On June 2, 2007, a tunnel boring machine (TBM), operated by SELI, began boring the {{Convert|7.2|km|mi}} tailrace tunnel and completed it on May 31, 2008. Tunneling was carried out seven days a week in three eight-hour shifts a day. The TBM averaged {{Convert|20|m|ft}} per day while in January 2008, a maximum daily amount of {{Convert|36|m|ft}} was achieved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Francesco Bartimoccia |first=Antonio Raschillà |title=- Case History - 8 M Diameter 7 Km Long Beles Tailrace Tunnel (Ethiopia) Bored And Lined In Basaltic Formations In Less Than 12 Months |url=http://www.selitunnel.com/pdf_articoli/RETC_2009_-_Raschilla.PDF |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=SELI Tunnel}}</ref> The TBM for the {{Convert|12|km|mi}} headrace tunnel broke through, completing it on August 11, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News - Ethiopia - Beles Headrace Breakthrough |url=http://db.selitunnel.com/4daction/seli_news?page=eng:09_news:00_default&lingua=ing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211934/http://db.selitunnel.com/4daction/seli_news?page=eng:09_news:00_default&lingua=ing |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=SELI}}</ref> Salini Costruttori awarded a sub contract to construct the actual power station to VA Tech Hydro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2006 |title=Beles supply contract signed |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036150 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045548/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036150 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=International Power Technology and Dam Construction}}</ref> On May 11, 2010, the first 115 MW generator at the power plant began operation<ref name="wapow">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2010 |title=Beles operates in trial test |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056342 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045516/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056342 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=International Water Power and Dam Construction Magazine}}</ref> and on May 14, 2010, the plant was inaugurated. The project's cost was around $500 million USD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sisay |first=Andualem |date=May 14, 2010 |title=AfricaNews - Ethiopia inaugurates third hydro power plant in a year |url=http://www.africanews.com/site/list_message/27710 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329060753/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_message/27710 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=AfricaNews}}</ref> The power plant was fully operational in February 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2012 |title=Ethiopia Tana Beles Hydroelectric power at full capacity |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2013/12/02/PPL_Holtwood_doubles_capacity_of_hydroelectric_facility/ |access-date=28 February 2014 |publisher=WN.com}}</ref> == Tsarin == Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beles yana karɓar ruwa daga Tafkin Tana inda ake canja wurinsa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki sannan a fitar da shi ta wata hanyar rami zuwa Kogin Beles. Ana fara yin hakan ta hanyar shiga tafkin Tana, inda tashar wutar lantarki za ta iya amfani da {{Convert|9120000000|m3|acre.ft}} na girman tafkin don samar da wutar lantarki. <ref name="Piet">{{Cite web |title=Beles MPP |url=http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170802/http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Studio Pietrangeli}}</ref> Tashar shiga ita ce {{Convert|43|m|ft}} faɗi, {{Convert|11.5|m|ft}} mai tsayi kuma kwararar sa zuwa cikin ramin tseren kai tsaye tana ƙarƙashin ikon [[Kofar ambaliya|kofofin ambaliyar ruwa]] guda biyar. Ramin tseren kai tsaye yana canja wurin ruwan zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da titinsa {{Convert|12|km|mi}} tsawonsa a cikin diamita na {{Convert|8.1|m|ft}} . A ƙarshen ramin tseren kai, yana canzawa zuwa {{Convert|6.5|m|ft}}diamita da {{Convert|270|m|ft}} dogon bututun ruwa kafin isa tashar wutar lantarki. <ref name="Piet" /> A tashar wutar lantarki, ana isar da ruwa ga injinan turbines guda huɗu na Francis waɗanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga janareta guda huɗu masu ƙarfin MW 115. <ref name="Salini">{{Cite web |title=Works in progress - Beles |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/workingon#top |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170805/http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/workingon#top |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Salini Costruttori}}</ref> Tashar wutar lantarki nau'in kogo ne kuma ƙarfinta shine {{Convert|82|m|ft}} tsayi, {{Convert|17.6|m|ft}} tsayi da {{Convert|38.5|m|ft}}faɗin . <ref name="Piet" /> Yana da {{Convert|91.2|m|ft}} zurfi da {{Convert|8|m|ft}} kuma ramin hawan igiyar ruwa mai diamita. <ref name="Piet" /> Da zarar an yi amfani da ruwan wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, sai a fitar da shi daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa Kogin Beles ta hanyar {{Convert|7.2|km|mi}} ramin tseren baya mai diamita iri ɗaya da na tseren kai. Matsakaicin matakin ruwa a mashigar ruwa shine {{Convert|1800|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku kuma tashar wutar lantarki tana da nisan {{Convert|1450|m|ft}}, wanda ke ba da damar {{Convert|350|m|ft}} na kan ruwa mai amfani da ruwa . <ref name="Salini" /> Ana kuma sa ran aikin zai taimaka wajen ban ruwa ga {{Convert|140000|ha|acre}} a nan gaba ma. <ref name="large">{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Ethiopia's Beles Power Plant {{sic|Inaug|rated|nolink=y|expected=inaugurated}} |url=http://www.ezega.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2307 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ezega}}</ref> == Manazarta == Ana ɗaukar [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|Binciken Tasirin Muhalli]] na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Beles a matsayin wani abu na yau da kullun kuma ba za a iya gano shi ba. <ref name="annys">{{Cite journal |last=Annys |first=S. and colleagues |date=2019 |title=Impacts of the hydropower-controlled Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer on downstream rural livelihoods (northwest Ethiopia) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=569 |pages=436–448 |bibcode=2019JHyd..569..436A |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012 |s2cid=135072795 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An yi nazarin tasirin watsa ruwan Tana-Beles a zamantakewa kuma an buga sakamakon a cikin Mujallar Hydrology mai suna: ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin kwararar ruwan kogin Beles ya haifar da nutsewar mutane 250 tsakanin 2010 da 2018. Duk da haka, mummunan tasirin da ke kan rayuwar karkara ya mamaye manufofin ci gaban ƙasa (samar da wutar lantarki). Kuɗaɗen waje (jure wa lalacewa) mutanen yankin ne, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙarfin ciniki. <ref name="annys" /> [[Fayil:Beles_downstream_of_Tana_outlet.jpg|thumb|Kogin Beles a cikin ruwa na tashar wutar lantarki]] == Hamayya ta Masar == Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant wani bangare ne na babbar matsala tsakanin kasashen Kogin Nilu kamar yadda Kogin Beles ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Blue Nile kuma Tafkin Tana yana ba da kwandon. Bayan kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki, an saki sanarwa daga taron jami'an Masar, daya daga cikinsu shine "Tana Beles dam yana da niyyar tayar da fushin Masar kuma ya jagoranci ta dauki mataki na diflomasiyya da sauri wanda zai juya ra'ayin duniya don goyon bayan ƙasashen Nilu. " Jami'an, da yawa da ke da hannu a yankin Kogin Nilu, sun bayyana cewa ba su da wani bayani game da aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2010 |title=Ethiopian dam 'funded by Italy,' say govt sources |url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/ethiopian-dam-funded-italy-say-govt-sources |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Al-Masry Al-Youm}}</ref><ref name="anger">{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2010 |title=Egypt discuss response to Ethiopian dam |url=http://news.egypt.com/en/2010051710829/news/-egypt-news/egypt-discuss-response-to-ethiopian-dam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202080146/http://news.egypt.com/en/2010051710829/news/-egypt-news/egypt-discuss-response-to-ethiopian-dam.html |archive-date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Egypt News}}</ref> An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a lokaci guda yayin da aka sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin hadin gwiwa kan Kogin Nilu ta kasashe masu tasowa kamar [[Uganda]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da Habasha, amma kasashe masu laushi Sudan da Masar sun ki sanya hannu. A karkashin yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka, Sudan da Masar ne kawai za su amfana daga kwararar Nilu kuma za su iya ƙin duk wani aikin da zai hana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sintayehu |first=Zekarias |date=May 22, 2010 |title=Ethiopia can build any infrastructure and dams it wants on the Nile River |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2547:ethiopia-can-build-any-infrastructure-and-dams-it-wants-on-the-nile-river&catid=16:top-headlines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194811/http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2547:ethiopia-can-build-any-infrastructure-and-dams-it-wants-on-the-nile-river&catid=16:top-headlines |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ethiopia Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kate Linthicum |first=Jeffrey Fleishman |date=September 13, 2010 |title=On the Nile, Egypt cuts water use as Ethiopia dams for power |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-11-la-fg-nile-battle-20100912-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918052340/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/11/world/la-fg-nile-battle-20100912 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Manazarta == sjjvibem9stkirlzk9impp3w343zf3a 841065 841063 2026-05-28T07:22:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 841065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wani lokacin ana kiranta '''Beles II''' ko '''Tana Beles''', tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kusa da Tafkin Tana .<ref>{{Cite web |last=1Q. Goor |last2=C. Halleux |last3=Y. Mohamed |last4=A. Tilmant |date=July 6, 2010 |title=Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/4331/2010/hessd-7-4331-2010-print.pdf |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=Copernicus Publications |page=4356 (10)}}</ref> Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga tafkin ta hanyar canja wurin Tana-Beles kuma bayan amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, ana fitar da ruwa cikin Kogin Beles. Shirin yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 460 MW, yana mai da shi tashar wutar lantarki ta biyu mafi girma a kasar. Hakanan ana sa ran zai taimaka wajen samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na hekta {{Convert|140000|ha|acre}} (acre 350,000). <ref name="large">{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Ethiopia's Beles Power Plant {{sic|Inaug|rated|nolink=y|expected=inaugurated}} |url=http://www.ezega.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2307 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ezega}}</ref> An kaddamar da shi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 kuma janareta na karshe ya fara aiki a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2012. Gininsa ya kasance mummunan ra'ayi daga Masar. == Tarihi da gini == In 1992, the first feasibility study was completed for the project, a 200 MW power station. A later study and final design was completed in 2005 by Studio Pietrangeli for the current 460 MW plant.<ref name="Piet">{{Cite web |title=Beles MPP |url=http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170802/http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Studio Pietrangeli}}</ref> The Government of Ethiopia signed a contract with Salini Costruttori to build the plant on July 8, 2005, and construction began soon after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on Operations |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/download/233 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Salini Construtorri}}</ref> Because of the project's remote location, transportation and manning of personnel and equipment was difficult, often taking 4–5 months for supplies to arrive. On June 2, 2007, a tunnel boring machine (TBM), operated by SELI, began boring the {{Convert|7.2|km|mi}} tailrace tunnel and completed it on May 31, 2008. Tunneling was carried out seven days a week in three eight-hour shifts a day. The TBM averaged {{Convert|20|m|ft}} per day while in January 2008, a maximum daily amount of {{Convert|36|m|ft}} was achieved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Francesco Bartimoccia |first=Antonio Raschillà |title=- Case History - 8 M Diameter 7 Km Long Beles Tailrace Tunnel (Ethiopia) Bored And Lined In Basaltic Formations In Less Than 12 Months |url=http://www.selitunnel.com/pdf_articoli/RETC_2009_-_Raschilla.PDF |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=SELI Tunnel}}</ref> The TBM for the {{Convert|12|km|mi}} headrace tunnel broke through, completing it on August 11, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News - Ethiopia - Beles Headrace Breakthrough |url=http://db.selitunnel.com/4daction/seli_news?page=eng:09_news:00_default&lingua=ing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211934/http://db.selitunnel.com/4daction/seli_news?page=eng:09_news:00_default&lingua=ing |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=SELI}}</ref> Salini Costruttori awarded a sub contract to construct the actual power station to VA Tech Hydro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2006 |title=Beles supply contract signed |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036150 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045548/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036150 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=International Power Technology and Dam Construction}}</ref> On May 11, 2010, the first 115 MW generator at the power plant began operation<ref name="wapow">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2010 |title=Beles operates in trial test |url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056342 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045516/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056342 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=International Water Power and Dam Construction Magazine}}</ref> and on May 14, 2010, the plant was inaugurated. The project's cost was around $500 million USD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sisay |first=Andualem |date=May 14, 2010 |title=AfricaNews - Ethiopia inaugurates third hydro power plant in a year |url=http://www.africanews.com/site/list_message/27710 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329060753/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_message/27710 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=AfricaNews}}</ref> The power plant was fully operational in February 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2012 |title=Ethiopia Tana Beles Hydroelectric power at full capacity |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2013/12/02/PPL_Holtwood_doubles_capacity_of_hydroelectric_facility/ |access-date=28 February 2014 |publisher=WN.com}}</ref> == Tsarin == Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beles yana karɓar ruwa daga Tafkin Tana inda ake canja wurinsa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki sannan a fitar da shi ta wata hanyar rami zuwa Kogin Beles. Ana fara yin hakan ta hanyar shiga tafkin Tana, inda tashar wutar lantarki za ta iya amfani da {{Convert|9120000000|m3|acre.ft}} na girman tafkin don samar da wutar lantarki. <ref name="Piet">{{Cite web |title=Beles MPP |url=http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170802/http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Studio Pietrangeli}}</ref> Tashar shiga ita ce {{Convert|43|m|ft}} faɗi, {{Convert|11.5|m|ft}} mai tsayi kuma kwararar sa zuwa cikin ramin tseren kai tsaye tana ƙarƙashin ikon [[Kofar ambaliya|kofofin ambaliyar ruwa]] guda biyar. Ramin tseren kai tsaye yana canja wurin ruwan zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da titinsa {{Convert|12|km|mi}} tsawonsa a cikin diamita na {{Convert|8.1|m|ft}} . A ƙarshen ramin tseren kai, yana canzawa zuwa {{Convert|6.5|m|ft}}diamita da {{Convert|270|m|ft}} dogon bututun ruwa kafin isa tashar wutar lantarki. <ref name="Piet" /> A tashar wutar lantarki, ana isar da ruwa ga injinan turbines guda huɗu na Francis waɗanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga janareta guda huɗu masu ƙarfin MW 115. <ref name="Salini">{{Cite web |title=Works in progress - Beles |url=http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/workingon#top |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170805/http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/workingon#top |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Salini Costruttori}}</ref> Tashar wutar lantarki nau'in kogo ne kuma ƙarfinta shine {{Convert|82|m|ft}} tsayi, {{Convert|17.6|m|ft}} tsayi da {{Convert|38.5|m|ft}}faɗin . <ref name="Piet" /> Yana da {{Convert|91.2|m|ft}} zurfi da {{Convert|8|m|ft}} kuma ramin hawan igiyar ruwa mai diamita. <ref name="Piet" /> Da zarar an yi amfani da ruwan wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, sai a fitar da shi daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa Kogin Beles ta hanyar {{Convert|7.2|km|mi}} ramin tseren baya mai diamita iri ɗaya da na tseren kai. Matsakaicin matakin ruwa a mashigar ruwa shine {{Convert|1800|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku kuma tashar wutar lantarki tana da nisan {{Convert|1450|m|ft}}, wanda ke ba da damar {{Convert|350|m|ft}} na kan ruwa mai amfani da ruwa . <ref name="Salini" /> Ana kuma sa ran aikin zai taimaka wajen ban ruwa ga {{Convert|140000|ha|acre}} a nan gaba ma. <ref name="large">{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=Ethiopia's Beles Power Plant {{sic|Inaug|rated|nolink=y|expected=inaugurated}} |url=http://www.ezega.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2307 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ezega}}</ref> == Manazarta == Ana ɗaukar [[Binciken tasirin muhalli|Binciken Tasirin Muhalli]] na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Beles a matsayin wani abu na yau da kullun kuma ba za a iya gano shi ba. <ref name="annys">{{Cite journal |last=Annys |first=S. and colleagues |date=2019 |title=Impacts of the hydropower-controlled Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer on downstream rural livelihoods (northwest Ethiopia) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=569 |pages=436–448 |bibcode=2019JHyd..569..436A |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012 |s2cid=135072795 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An yi nazarin tasirin watsa ruwan Tana-Beles a zamantakewa kuma an buga sakamakon a cikin Mujallar Hydrology mai suna: ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin kwararar ruwan kogin Beles ya haifar da nutsewar mutane 250 tsakanin 2010 da 2018. Duk da haka, mummunan tasirin da ke kan rayuwar karkara ya mamaye manufofin ci gaban ƙasa (samar da wutar lantarki). Kuɗaɗen waje (jure wa lalacewa) mutanen yankin ne, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙarfin ciniki. <ref name="annys" /> [[Fayil:Beles_downstream_of_Tana_outlet.jpg|thumb|Kogin Beles a cikin ruwa na tashar wutar lantarki]] == Hamayya ta Masar == Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant wani bangare ne na babbar matsala tsakanin kasashen Kogin Nilu kamar yadda Kogin Beles ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa ga Blue Nile kuma Tafkin Tana yana ba da kwandon. Bayan kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki, an saki sanarwa daga taron jami'an Masar, daya daga cikinsu shine "Tana Beles dam yana da niyyar tayar da fushin Masar kuma ya jagoranci ta dauki mataki na diflomasiyya da sauri wanda zai juya ra'ayin duniya don goyon bayan ƙasashen Nilu. " Jami'an, da yawa da ke da hannu a yankin Kogin Nilu, sun bayyana cewa ba su da wani bayani game da aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2010 |title=Ethiopian dam 'funded by Italy,' say govt sources |url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/ethiopian-dam-funded-italy-say-govt-sources |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Al-Masry Al-Youm}}</ref><ref name="anger">{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2010 |title=Egypt discuss response to Ethiopian dam |url=http://news.egypt.com/en/2010051710829/news/-egypt-news/egypt-discuss-response-to-ethiopian-dam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202080146/http://news.egypt.com/en/2010051710829/news/-egypt-news/egypt-discuss-response-to-ethiopian-dam.html |archive-date=February 2, 2011 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Egypt News}}</ref> An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a lokaci guda yayin da aka sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin hadin gwiwa kan Kogin Nilu ta kasashe masu tasowa kamar [[Uganda]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da Habasha, amma kasashe masu laushi Sudan da Masar sun ki sanya hannu. A karkashin yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka, Sudan da Masar ne kawai za su amfana daga kwararar Nilu kuma za su iya ƙin duk wani aikin da zai hana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sintayehu |first=Zekarias |date=May 22, 2010 |title=Ethiopia can build any infrastructure and dams it wants on the Nile River |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2547:ethiopia-can-build-any-infrastructure-and-dams-it-wants-on-the-nile-river&catid=16:top-headlines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194811/http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2547:ethiopia-can-build-any-infrastructure-and-dams-it-wants-on-the-nile-river&catid=16:top-headlines |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Ethiopia Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kate Linthicum |first=Jeffrey Fleishman |date=September 13, 2010 |title=On the Nile, Egypt cuts water use as Ethiopia dams for power |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-11-la-fg-nile-battle-20100912-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918052340/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/11/world/la-fg-nile-battle-20100912 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == Manazarta == j30hlvw9kvi8h3igw4k5k8p3j5s7nkn 0 152554 841067 2026-05-28T07:22:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262947616|Dembiya]]" 841067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Dembīyā''''' (Amharic) yanki ne na tarihi na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Tana . A cewar labarin Manuel de Almeida, Dembiya "ya iyakance a Gabas ta Begemder, a Kudu ta Gojjam, a Yamma ta Agaws na [[Achefer]] da Tangha. Tafkin Tsana, wanda ake kira Dambaya, yana cikin wannan yankin. "Yankin ya haɗa da woredas na yanzu na Dembiya, [[Gondar]] zuriya, Libo Kemkem, Fogera, Dera. Takusa da Alefa. Dembiya ta kewaye fiye da 89% na tafkin Tana (wanda ake kira tafkin Dembiya a baya). Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ne ya mallaki yankin kuma ya yi aiki sosai a matsayin gidansa da wurin zama na gwamnati a lokacin Yaƙin Habasha da Adal . Sauran lardin sun kasu tsakanin sojojin Adalite yayin da 'yan asalin Amhara suka yi aiki a matsayin manoma. Alexander Murray, a cikin gabatarwarsa ga kundi na uku na asusun Bruce, ya ci gaba da bayyana shi a matsayin "a gabas ya haɗa da Foggora, [[Dera, Amhara (woreda)|Dara]], da Alata; a Farawa maso gabashin Gondar, babban birni, da kuma gundumar da ke ƙarƙashinsa; a kudu maso yamma, gundumar Bed (ƙasar da ba ta da kyau) kuma, a yamma, ƙasashen da ke kewaye da Waindaga da Dingleber"<ref>Chekroun, Amélie. Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle). l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. p. 336</ref> An kafa Dembiya a cikin lardin Begemder (wanda a baya ya haɗa da ƙasashe a gabashin Tafkin Tana) a lokacin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie, kuma a cikin 1996 ya zama woreda na Yankin Amhara. == Manazarta == f671csikouk69tbu652uk8fjzl63yaj 841068 841067 2026-05-28T07:23:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 841068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Dembīyā''''' (Amharic) yanki ne na tarihi na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Tana . A cewar labarin Manuel de Almeida, Dembiya "ya iyakance a Gabas ta Begemder, a Kudu ta Gojjam, a Yamma ta Agaws na [[Achefer]] da Tangha. Tafkin Tsana, wanda ake kira Dambaya, yana cikin wannan yankin. "Yankin ya haɗa da woredas na yanzu na Dembiya, [[Gondar]] zuriya, Libo Kemkem, Fogera, Dera. Takusa da Alefa. Dembiya ta kewaye fiye da 89% na tafkin Tana (wanda ake kira tafkin Dembiya a baya). Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ne ya mallaki yankin kuma ya yi aiki sosai a matsayin gidansa da wurin zama na gwamnati a lokacin Yaƙin Habasha da Adal . Sauran lardin sun kasu tsakanin sojojin Adalite yayin da 'yan asalin Amhara suka yi aiki a matsayin manoma. Alexander Murray, a cikin gabatarwarsa ga kundi na uku na asusun Bruce, ya ci gaba da bayyana shi a matsayin "a gabas ya haɗa da Foggora, [[Dera, Amhara (woreda)|Dara]], da Alata; a Farawa maso gabashin Gondar, babban birni, da kuma gundumar da ke ƙarƙashinsa; a kudu maso yamma, gundumar Bed (ƙasar da ba ta da kyau) kuma, a yamma, ƙasashen da ke kewaye da Waindaga da Dingleber"<ref>Chekroun, Amélie. Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle). l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. p. 336</ref> An kafa Dembiya a cikin lardin Begemder (wanda a baya ya haɗa da ƙasashe a gabashin Tafkin Tana) a lokacin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna Haile Selassie, kuma a cikin 1996 ya zama woreda na Yankin Amhara. == Manazarta == hxb4id9s3it43nqyhlkyodh2a5ttugn 0 152555 841069 2026-05-28T07:24:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334434221|Narga Selassie]]" 841069 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Nerga_Sellasie.jpg|right|thumb|327x327px|Hoton Mentewab ya sunkuyar da kansa a ƙafafun Maryamu da Yesu daga gidan ibada na Närga Selassie]] '''Narga Selassie''' coci Orthodox ne na Tewahedo a yammacin Tsibirin Dek, tsibirin mafi girma na Tafkin Tana a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Sunan yana nufin "Trinity of the Rest". "Hutu" yana nufin wurin da inuwa a kusa da shi. Empress Mentewab ce ta gina cocin a ƙarshen karni na 18, a bayyane yake ta amfani da itacen ɓaure mai girma wanda ke tsaye a tsakiyar wani ɗan ƙaramin tsawo, yanzu cibiyar cocin. Narga Selassie an yi masa ado sosai a cikin salon gida. Wani taimako a kan babban shigarwa ya nuna mai binciken Scotland James Bruce, wanda ya ziyarci babban birnin, Gondar, a ƙarshen karni na 18. An gina Narga Selassie a cikin al'adun gine-ginen gargajiya na majami'u a yankin Tafkin Tana, tare da amfani da dutse a cikin peristylium a kusa da coci da kuma bangon fili. Ana samun damar cocin daga tafkin ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa da aka gina a 1987, wanda aka haɗa shi da [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] da Gorgora ta hanyar sabis na jirgin ruwa na jihar. Samun dama a cikin kansa wuri ne mai kyau tare da babban sycamore tare da dogon tushen iska da ke saukowa zuwa tafkin da hasumiyar ƙofa wacce ta zama wani ɓangare na ginin asali. == Manazarta == * James Bruce, Tafiya don Gano Tushen Kogin Nilu, A cikin Shekaru 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 da 1773''Tafiya don gano asalin Kogin Nilu, A cikin Shekaru 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 da 1773'' == Ƙarin karantawa == * Mario Di Salvo, [[Stanislaw Chojnacki]] and Osvaldo Raineri, ''Churches of Ethiopia - The Monastery of Narga Selasse'' (Milan: Skira Editore, 1999) {{ISBN|9788881185290}} <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|11.91567|N|37.24436|E|region:ET_type:landmark}} os7dw9j2cvyyhrhsgdm6d4m0lgs3k5b 841072 841069 2026-05-28T07:24:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 841072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Nerga_Sellasie.jpg|right|thumb|327x327px|Hoton Mentewab ya sunkuyar da kansa a ƙafafun Maryamu da Yesu daga gidan ibada na Närga Selassie]] '''Narga Selassie''' coci Orthodox ne na Tewahedo a yammacin Tsibirin Dek, tsibirin mafi girma na Tafkin Tana a arewacin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Sunan yana nufin "Trinity of the Rest". "Hutu" yana nufin wurin da inuwa a kusa da shi. Empress Mentewab ce ta gina cocin a ƙarshen karni na 18, a bayyane yake ta amfani da itacen ɓaure mai girma wanda ke tsaye a tsakiyar wani ɗan ƙaramin tsawo, yanzu cibiyar cocin. Narga Selassie an yi masa ado sosai a cikin salon gida. Wani taimako a kan babban shigarwa ya nuna mai binciken Scotland James Bruce, wanda ya ziyarci babban birnin, Gondar, a ƙarshen karni na 18. An gina Narga Selassie a cikin al'adun gine-ginen gargajiya na majami'u a yankin Tafkin Tana, tare da amfani da dutse a cikin peristylium a kusa da coci da kuma bangon fili. Ana samun damar cocin daga tafkin ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa da aka gina a 1987, wanda aka haɗa shi da [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] da Gorgora ta hanyar sabis na jirgin ruwa na jihar. Samun dama a cikin kansa wuri ne mai kyau tare da babban sycamore tare da dogon tushen iska da ke saukowa zuwa tafkin da hasumiyar ƙofa wacce ta zama wani ɓangare na ginin asali. == Manazarta == * James Bruce, Tafiya don Gano Tushen Kogin Nilu, A cikin Shekaru 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 da 1773''Tafiya don gano asalin Kogin Nilu, A cikin Shekaru 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 da 1773'' == Ƙarin karantawa == * Mario Di Salvo, [[Stanislaw Chojnacki]] and Osvaldo Raineri, ''Churches of Ethiopia - The Monastery of Narga Selasse'' (Milan: Skira Editore, 1999) {{ISBN|9788881185290}} <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|11.91567|N|37.24436|E|region:ET_type:landmark}} j3m8a4jusf7b8gzorqvdwparm7697r2 0 152556 841071 2026-05-28T07:24:10Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216309582|Gereb Segen (Hintalo)]]" 841071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb Segen''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 2000. [[Fayil:27._Gereb_Segen_(with_spillway).jpg|thumb|Gereb Segen (tare da hanyar zubar ruwa)]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 14.86&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 473&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar rami]] : 8&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 337408&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 22400&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 11.7&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 25. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 24&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: sifili&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 3.53&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 11.66&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 5200&nbsp;mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Akwai wata madatsar ruwa (mafi girma) mai suna iri ɗaya, kimanin kilomita 20 daga arewa maso yamma: Gereb Segen (May Gabat) == Manazarta == oqssqvbf4g96v8mdlaqvohawausar6j 841073 841071 2026-05-28T07:24:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb Segen''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 2000. [[Fayil:27._Gereb_Segen_(with_spillway).jpg|thumb|Gereb Segen (tare da hanyar zubar ruwa)]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 14.86&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 473&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar rami]] : 8&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 337408&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 22400&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 11.7&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 25. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 24&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: sifili&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 3.53&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 11.66&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 5200&nbsp;mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Wuraren Hulɗa Masu Zaman Kansu == Akwai wata madatsar ruwa (mafi girma) mai suna iri ɗaya, kimanin kilomita 20 daga arewa maso yamma: Gereb Segen (May Gabat) == Manazarta == nzbbl7mqkej9fc0novgx8baqr0uoedq 0 152557 841074 2026-05-28T07:25:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344582439|Blue Nile]]" 841074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blue Nile''' wani kogi ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga Tafkin Tana a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana tafiya kusan kilomita {{Convert|1,450|km|mi}} (900 ta hanyar Habasha da [[Sudan]]. Tare da White Nile, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan [[Kogi|kogin]] Nilu kuma yana ba da kusan 85.6% na ruwa zuwa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] a Lokacin ruwan sama. == Hanyar da ake ciki == An bayar da rahotanni daban-daban game da nisan kogin daga tushensa zuwa mahaɗarsa tsakanin {{Convert|1460|and|1600|km|mi}} . Wannan rashin tabbas na iya faruwa ne sakamakon gaskiyar cewa kogin yana gudana ta cikin jerin kwaruruka masu wuyar shiga da aka yanke a tsaunukan Habasha zuwa zurfin kimanin {{Convert|1500|m}} . A cewar kayan da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya, wata hukumar gwamnatin Habasha ta buga, Blue Nile tana da jimillar tsawon {{Convert|1450|km}}, wanda {{Convert|800|km|mi}} suna cikin Habasha. === A Habasha === Blue Nile ya samo asali ne a Gish Abay a Sekela a Habasha (inda ake kira Kogin Abay). Kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya a kudu kafin ya shiga wani kwari mai tsawon {{Convert|400|km|mi|-1}} (250 , kimanin kilomita {{Convert|30|km|mi}} (19 mi) daga Tafkin Tana, wanda shine babbar matsala ga tafiya da sadarwa tsakanin arewa da kudancin Habasha. An fara kiran canyon a matsayin "Grand Canyon" a cikin 1968 ta ƙungiyar Burtaniya wacce ta kammala saukowar farko ta kogi daga Tafkin Tana zuwa ƙarshen canyon; ƙungiyoyin rafting na kogi na gaba sun kira shi "Grandanyon na Nilu". [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] (Amharic: Tis Abay, a zahiri "babban hayaki"), ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido na Habasha, yana a farkon canyon. Kogin ya kewaya a arewa maso yammacin Habasha kafin a ciyar da shi ta hanyar masu yawa tsakanin Tafkin Tana da iyakar Habasha da Sudan. Wadanda ke gefen hagu, a cikin tsari, sun haɗa da Kogin Wanqa, [[Kogin Bashilo]], [[Kogin Walaqa]], [[Kogin Wanchet]], [[Kogin Jamma]], [[Kogin Mugar|Kogin Muger]], [[Gudar River|Kogin Guder]], Koginsa Agwel, Kogin Nedi, [[Kogin Didessa]] da [[Kogin Dabus]]. Wadanda ke gefen dama, kuma a cikin tsari na ƙasa, sun haɗa da Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[Muga River (Ethiopia)|Muga]], [[Gulla (kogi)|Gulla]], [[Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter da Beles. === A Sudan === [[Fayil:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na inda White da Blue Niles suka haɗu]] Blue Nile sa'an nan kuma ya tafi arewa maso yamma zuwa Sudan. Yana tafiya kusan kilomita {{Convert|650|km|mi}} (400 , yana gudana bayan Er Roseires kuma yana karɓar [[Kogin Dinder]] a gefen dama a Dinder. A [[Khartoum]], Blue Nile ya haɗu da White Nile kuma, a matsayin Nilu, yana gudana ta Masar zuwa Bahar Rum a Alexandria. == Gudun ruwa == [[Fayil:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|alt=|thumb|Haɗuwar kogin Blue da White Nile kusa da [[Khartoum]], babban birnin [[Sudan]]]] Ruwan Blue Nile ya kai matsakaicin girma a lokacin ruwan sama daga Yuni zuwa Satumba, lokacin da yake samar da 80-86% na ruwan Nilu daidai. Kogin ya kasance babban tushen ambaliyar Nilu a Misira wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga amfanin Nilu da kuma tasowa na Tsohon Misira da tatsuniyoyin Masar. Tare da kammala madatsar ruwan Aswan a shekarar 1970, wadannan ambaliyar ruwa sun daina faruwa a ƙananan Masar. A lokacin bazara, ambaliyar Blue Nile ta lalata ƙasa mai yawa mai kyau daga tsaunukan Habasha kuma ta kai shi ƙasa a matsayin laka, ta juya ruwan ruwan duhu ko kusan baki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge |url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |archive-date=20 August 2015 |access-date=11 October 2015 |publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, Habasha ta fara gina [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babban madatsar ruwan Renaissance na Habasha]], madatsar ruwa mai karfin 6000-megawatt a kan kogi. Ana sa ran madatsar ruwan za ta zama ci gaba ga tattalin arzikin Habasha. Sudan da Masar, duk da haka, sun nuna damuwarsu game da yiwuwar rage ruwan da ake samu. An fara samar da wutar lantarki a watan Fabrairun 2022. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Bridges_across_the_Blue_Nile_Gorge.jpg|right|thumb|Blue Nile Gorge a Habasha.]] Tsoron Masar cewa Habasha na iya toshe Blue Nile shine babban abu a cikin dangantakar Habasha da Masar mai tsawo da rikitarwa. Yayinda Masar ta dogara da Habasha don ruwanta, Habasha ta dogara da Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Coptic ta Alexandria don ikon shugabanci da kuma nadin babban birni. Wannan dogaro da juna ya tsara abubuwan da suka faru tun daga karni na 11. Shekaru da yawa, barazanar toshe Blue Nile wata dabara ce mai tasiri wajen tabbatar da nadin manyan biranen Masar. Koyaya, a aikace, ba a taɓa ƙoƙarin karkatar da ruwa ko amfani da ruwan kogin ba. Wani rikici na farko ya fito ne a lokacin mulkin Zagwe Sarki Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, wanda Masarawa suka zargi da ƙoƙarin karkatar da kogin, duk da cewa mulkinsa bai taɓa kaiwa ga Blue Nile ba. Sarkin sarakuna Amda Seyon I na farko da ya mamaye kwandon Blue Nile kuma ya fara yada Kiristanci a can. Sarakuna na daular Solomonic, musamman Dawit II, Yeshaq I, da Zara Yaqob, sun ci gaba da tabbatar da ikon Habasha a kan kogi a matsayin kayan aikin diflomasiyya. Sun kuma karfafa wannan ra'ayi a cikin sharuddan addini, gano Blue Nile tare da Gihon na Littafi Mai-Tsarki da kuma daidaita Tammera Maryam don halatta ikonsu a kan ruwa. Labaran Turai na zamani game da Ikilisiyar Kirista mai iko da ke taimakawa wajen lalata Islama ya kara da muhimmanci ga Blue Nile a dangantakar Ethio-Masar. Mutumin Turai na farko da aka sani ya ga Blue Nile a Habasha da kuma asalin kogin shine Pedro Páez, wani Jesuit na Mutanen Espanya wanda ya isa asalin kogin a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1618. Koyaya, Portuguese João Bermudes, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "Patriarch of Ethiopia", ya ba da bayanin farko na Kogin Tis Abay a cikin bayanan da aka buga a 1565, kuma duk wani adadin Turawa da suka zauna a Habasha a ƙarshen karni na 15 kamar Pêro da Covilhã na iya ganin kogin tun kafin Páez, amma bai kai ga asalinsa ba. An kuma kai ga asalin Nilu a cikin 1629 ta hanyar mishan na Jesuit na Portugal Jerónimo Lobo kuma a cikin 1770 ta hanyar mai binciken Scotland James Bruce. Kodayake masu binciken Turai sun yi la'akari da bin diddigin Kogin Nilu daga haɗuwar Blue Nile da White Nile zuwa Tafkin Tana, Blue Nile Canyon ya hana duk ƙoƙarin tun lokacin da Frédéric Cailliaud ya yi a 1821. Wani babban yunkuri na farko da wani wanda ba na yankin ba ya bincika wannan iyakar kogin ya yi shi ne ta hanyar Amurkawa W.W. Macmillan a cikin 1902, tare da taimakon mai binciken Norwegian B.H. Jenssen; Jenssen ya ci gaba da hawa daga Khartoum yayin da Macmillan ya tashi daga tafkin Tana. Koyaya, jiragen ruwa na Jenssen sun toshe su ta hanyar hanzari a [[Famaka]] kusa da iyakar Sudan-Ethiopia, kuma jiragen ruwa na Macmillan sun rushe jim kadan bayan an kaddamar da su. Macmillan ya ƙarfafa Jenssen ya sake gwadawa daga Khartoum a cikin 1905, amma an tilasta masa ya dakatar da kilomita {{Convert|300|mi|km}} (300 kusa da Tafkin Tana. Robert Cheesman, wanda ya rubuta mamakinsa lokacin da ya isa Habasha da gano cewa ruwan sama na "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun koguna na duniya, kuma wanda sunansa sananne ne ga tsofaffi" ya kasance a rayuwarsa "wanda aka yi alama a taswirar ta hanyar layi", ya sami damar tsara taswirar saman Blue Nile tsakanin 1925 da 1933. Ya yi haka ba ta hanyar bin kogin tare da bakin kogin da kuma ta hanyar canyon din da ba za a iya wucewa ba amma ta hanyar bin shi daga tsaunuka da ke sama, yana tafiya kimanin kilomita {{Convert|5000|mi|km}} (5,000 ta jaki a kasar da ke kusa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k6ii8h0r4amlgfkt2z4j56bghi8j50i 841076 841074 2026-05-28T07:25:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 841076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Blue Nile''' wani kogi ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga Tafkin Tana a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Yana tafiya kusan kilomita {{Convert|1,450|km|mi}} (900 ta hanyar Habasha da [[Sudan]]. Tare da White Nile, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan [[Kogi|kogin]] Nilu kuma yana ba da kusan 85.6% na ruwa zuwa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] a Lokacin ruwan sama. == Hanyar da ake ciki == An bayar da rahotanni daban-daban game da nisan kogin daga tushensa zuwa mahaɗarsa tsakanin {{Convert|1460|and|1600|km|mi}} . Wannan rashin tabbas na iya faruwa ne sakamakon gaskiyar cewa kogin yana gudana ta cikin jerin kwaruruka masu wuyar shiga da aka yanke a tsaunukan Habasha zuwa zurfin kimanin {{Convert|1500|m}} . A cewar kayan da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tsakiya, wata hukumar gwamnatin Habasha ta buga, Blue Nile tana da jimillar tsawon {{Convert|1450|km}}, wanda {{Convert|800|km|mi}} suna cikin Habasha. === A Habasha === Blue Nile ya samo asali ne a Gish Abay a Sekela a Habasha (inda ake kira Kogin Abay). Kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya a kudu kafin ya shiga wani kwari mai tsawon {{Convert|400|km|mi|-1}} (250 , kimanin kilomita {{Convert|30|km|mi}} (19 mi) daga Tafkin Tana, wanda shine babbar matsala ga tafiya da sadarwa tsakanin arewa da kudancin Habasha. An fara kiran canyon a matsayin "Grand Canyon" a cikin 1968 ta ƙungiyar Burtaniya wacce ta kammala saukowar farko ta kogi daga Tafkin Tana zuwa ƙarshen canyon; ƙungiyoyin rafting na kogi na gaba sun kira shi "Grandanyon na Nilu". [[Faduwar ruwan Blue Nile|Blue Nile Falls]] (Amharic: Tis Abay, a zahiri "babban hayaki"), ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido na Habasha, yana a farkon canyon. Kogin ya kewaya a arewa maso yammacin Habasha kafin a ciyar da shi ta hanyar masu yawa tsakanin Tafkin Tana da iyakar Habasha da Sudan. Wadanda ke gefen hagu, a cikin tsari, sun haɗa da Kogin Wanqa, [[Kogin Bashilo]], [[Kogin Walaqa]], [[Kogin Wanchet]], [[Kogin Jamma]], [[Kogin Mugar|Kogin Muger]], [[Gudar River|Kogin Guder]], Koginsa Agwel, Kogin Nedi, [[Kogin Didessa]] da [[Kogin Dabus]]. Wadanda ke gefen dama, kuma a cikin tsari na ƙasa, sun haɗa da Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[Muga River (Ethiopia)|Muga]], [[Gulla (kogi)|Gulla]], [[Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter da Beles. === A Sudan === [[Fayil:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na inda White da Blue Niles suka haɗu]] Blue Nile sa'an nan kuma ya tafi arewa maso yamma zuwa Sudan. Yana tafiya kusan kilomita {{Convert|650|km|mi}} (400 , yana gudana bayan Er Roseires kuma yana karɓar [[Kogin Dinder]] a gefen dama a Dinder. A [[Khartoum]], Blue Nile ya haɗu da White Nile kuma, a matsayin Nilu, yana gudana ta Masar zuwa Bahar Rum a Alexandria. == Gudun ruwa == [[Fayil:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|alt=|thumb|Haɗuwar kogin Blue da White Nile kusa da [[Khartoum]], babban birnin [[Sudan]]]] Ruwan Blue Nile ya kai matsakaicin girma a lokacin ruwan sama daga Yuni zuwa Satumba, lokacin da yake samar da 80-86% na ruwan Nilu daidai. Kogin ya kasance babban tushen ambaliyar Nilu a Misira wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga amfanin Nilu da kuma tasowa na Tsohon Misira da tatsuniyoyin Masar. Tare da kammala madatsar ruwan Aswan a shekarar 1970, wadannan ambaliyar ruwa sun daina faruwa a ƙananan Masar. A lokacin bazara, ambaliyar Blue Nile ta lalata ƙasa mai yawa mai kyau daga tsaunukan Habasha kuma ta kai shi ƙasa a matsayin laka, ta juya ruwan ruwan duhu ko kusan baki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge |url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm |archive-date=20 August 2015 |access-date=11 October 2015 |publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, Habasha ta fara gina [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babban madatsar ruwan Renaissance na Habasha]], madatsar ruwa mai karfin 6000-megawatt a kan kogi. Ana sa ran madatsar ruwan za ta zama ci gaba ga tattalin arzikin Habasha. Sudan da Masar, duk da haka, sun nuna damuwarsu game da yiwuwar rage ruwan da ake samu. An fara samar da wutar lantarki a watan Fabrairun 2022. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Bridges_across_the_Blue_Nile_Gorge.jpg|right|thumb|Blue Nile Gorge a Habasha.]] Tsoron Masar cewa Habasha na iya toshe Blue Nile shine babban abu a cikin dangantakar Habasha da Masar mai tsawo da rikitarwa. Yayinda Masar ta dogara da Habasha don ruwanta, Habasha ta dogara da Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Coptic ta Alexandria don ikon shugabanci da kuma nadin babban birni. Wannan dogaro da juna ya tsara abubuwan da suka faru tun daga karni na 11. Shekaru da yawa, barazanar toshe Blue Nile wata dabara ce mai tasiri wajen tabbatar da nadin manyan biranen Masar. Koyaya, a aikace, ba a taɓa ƙoƙarin karkatar da ruwa ko amfani da ruwan kogin ba. Wani rikici na farko ya fito ne a lokacin mulkin Zagwe Sarki Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, wanda Masarawa suka zargi da ƙoƙarin karkatar da kogin, duk da cewa mulkinsa bai taɓa kaiwa ga Blue Nile ba. Sarkin sarakuna Amda Seyon I na farko da ya mamaye kwandon Blue Nile kuma ya fara yada Kiristanci a can. Sarakuna na daular Solomonic, musamman Dawit II, Yeshaq I, da Zara Yaqob, sun ci gaba da tabbatar da ikon Habasha a kan kogi a matsayin kayan aikin diflomasiyya. Sun kuma karfafa wannan ra'ayi a cikin sharuddan addini, gano Blue Nile tare da Gihon na Littafi Mai-Tsarki da kuma daidaita Tammera Maryam don halatta ikonsu a kan ruwa. Labaran Turai na zamani game da Ikilisiyar Kirista mai iko da ke taimakawa wajen lalata Islama ya kara da muhimmanci ga Blue Nile a dangantakar Ethio-Masar. Mutumin Turai na farko da aka sani ya ga Blue Nile a Habasha da kuma asalin kogin shine Pedro Páez, wani Jesuit na Mutanen Espanya wanda ya isa asalin kogin a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1618. Koyaya, Portuguese João Bermudes, wanda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "Patriarch of Ethiopia", ya ba da bayanin farko na Kogin Tis Abay a cikin bayanan da aka buga a 1565, kuma duk wani adadin Turawa da suka zauna a Habasha a ƙarshen karni na 15 kamar Pêro da Covilhã na iya ganin kogin tun kafin Páez, amma bai kai ga asalinsa ba. An kuma kai ga asalin Nilu a cikin 1629 ta hanyar mishan na Jesuit na Portugal Jerónimo Lobo kuma a cikin 1770 ta hanyar mai binciken Scotland James Bruce. Kodayake masu binciken Turai sun yi la'akari da bin diddigin Kogin Nilu daga haɗuwar Blue Nile da White Nile zuwa Tafkin Tana, Blue Nile Canyon ya hana duk ƙoƙarin tun lokacin da Frédéric Cailliaud ya yi a 1821. Wani babban yunkuri na farko da wani wanda ba na yankin ba ya bincika wannan iyakar kogin ya yi shi ne ta hanyar Amurkawa W.W. Macmillan a cikin 1902, tare da taimakon mai binciken Norwegian B.H. Jenssen; Jenssen ya ci gaba da hawa daga Khartoum yayin da Macmillan ya tashi daga tafkin Tana. Koyaya, jiragen ruwa na Jenssen sun toshe su ta hanyar hanzari a [[Famaka]] kusa da iyakar Sudan-Ethiopia, kuma jiragen ruwa na Macmillan sun rushe jim kadan bayan an kaddamar da su. Macmillan ya ƙarfafa Jenssen ya sake gwadawa daga Khartoum a cikin 1905, amma an tilasta masa ya dakatar da kilomita {{Convert|300|mi|km}} (300 kusa da Tafkin Tana. Robert Cheesman, wanda ya rubuta mamakinsa lokacin da ya isa Habasha da gano cewa ruwan sama na "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun koguna na duniya, kuma wanda sunansa sananne ne ga tsofaffi" ya kasance a rayuwarsa "wanda aka yi alama a taswirar ta hanyar layi", ya sami damar tsara taswirar saman Blue Nile tsakanin 1925 da 1933. Ya yi haka ba ta hanyar bin kogin tare da bakin kogin da kuma ta hanyar canyon din da ba za a iya wucewa ba amma ta hanyar bin shi daga tsaunuka da ke sama, yana tafiya kimanin kilomita {{Convert|5000|mi|km}} (5,000 ta jaki a kasar da ke kusa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ymc937otu96eq6gdmcfv2upb6edbfp 0 152558 841075 2026-05-28T07:25:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188153090|Gereb Mihiz]]" 841075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb Mihiz''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 17.5&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 403&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1300000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 325000&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 30&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 21. [[Fayil:26._Gereb_Mihiz_2.jpg|thumb|Gereb Mihiz]] == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 80&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 38&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa shine 17.16&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 20.38&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 4910&nbsp;Mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Mekelle Dolerite da Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7h0m7b2ripovop1dcfos8x61corhb1c 841077 841075 2026-05-28T07:25:57Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb Mihiz''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 17.5&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 403&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 1300000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 325000&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 30&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) a shekaru 21. [[Fayil:26._Gereb_Mihiz_2.jpg|thumb|Gereb Mihiz]] == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 80&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 38&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa shine 17.16&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 20.38&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 4910&nbsp;Mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Mekelle Dolerite da Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == hrmqb55p84dlwg0muni7868k8k55gme 0 152559 841078 2026-05-28T07:26:05Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356393091|Arabian Nights (1974 film)]]" 841078 wikitext text/x-wiki Arabian Nights fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci na 1974 wanda Pier Paolo Pasolini ya jagoranta. Taken asalinsa na Italiyanci shine ''{{Lang|it|Il fiore delle mille e una notte}}'', wanda ke nufin '''''Fure na Dubu da Ɗaya'''''. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga tarihin Larabci na dā One Thousand and One Nights, wanda aka fi sani da The Arabian Nights . Ita ce ta ƙarshe ta "Trilogy of Life" na Pasolini, wanda ya fara da The ''Decameron'' kuma ya ci gaba da The Canterbury Tales . Matashi Franco Merli ne ya jagoranci wanda Pasolini ya gano shi don wannan fim din. Fim din ya dace da labarun da yawa a cikin tarin asali amma an gabatar da su ba tare da tsari ba kuma ba tare da labarin Scheherazade, Dunyazad da Sarki Shahriyar ba. Fim din ya ƙunshi tsirara, jima'i, shayari, da kuma jin dadi. Yana adana lalata da labarin a cikin tsarin labarin Arabian Nights kuma an kira shi "watakila mafi kyau kuma tabbas mafi basira" na gyaran fina-finai na Arabian Night.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Robert Irwin (writer)}}</ref> Tare da wannan fim, Pasolini ya yi niyyar yin fim na Arabian Nights bisa ga 'tunanin da yake ciki a matsayin yaro'. A shirye-shiryen fim din, Pasolini ya sake karanta 1001 Nights tare da ruwan tabarau mai mahimmanci kuma ya zaɓi labaran da ya ji kawai sun fi 'kyakkyawan'. == Labari == Babban labarin ya shafi wani saurayi marar laifi, Nur-e-Din (Franco Merli), wanda ya ƙaunaci kyakkyawar yarinya bawa, Zumurrud (Ines Pellegrini), wanda ya zaɓe shi a matsayin ubangijinta. Bayan kuskuren wauta na sa aka sace ta, sai ya yi tafiya don neman ta. A halin yanzu, Zumurrud ta sami damar tserewa kuma, ta yi kama da mutum, ta zo wani masarauta mai nisa inda ta zama sarki. Sauran matafiya daban-daban suna ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na bala'i da soyayya, ciki har da wani saurayi wanda wata mace mai ban mamaki ta yi mamakinsa a ranar bikin aurensa, da kuma Yarima Shazaman (Alberto Argentino), wanda ke son 'yantar da mace daga aljani (Franco Citti) kuma wanda mata biyu suka sadaukar da rayukansu. Interwoven ne Nur-e-Din ta ci gaba da neman Zumurrud da kuma (yawanci lalata) kasadarsa. A ƙarshe, ya isa masarautar da ke nesa kuma ya sake haɗuwa da Zumurrud. Fim din ya kunshi wurare 16: ''Gaskiya ba ta cikin mafarki ɗaya ba, amma a cikin mafarkai da yawa.'' - aya daga 1001 Nights da taken buɗewa * Lady of the Moons: Ana sayar da yarinyar bawa Zumurrud a kasuwa. Mai shi na yanzu ya ba ta damar zabar sabon maigidanta. Mutum bayan mutum ya ba da shawarar sayen ta amma ta ki. Wani dattijo ya ba da shawarar sayen ta amma ta yi dariya kuma ta zagi rashin aikinsa na tsaye. Ta ga matashi Nur-ed-Din kuma ta yi alkawarin zama bawansa. Sun koma gidan Nur-ed-Din kuma sun yi soyayya. * '''Labarin Zumurrud''': Zumurrud ta ba da labarin ta na farko-a cikin labarin game da mawaki mai jima'i ''Sium'' daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na fadar sarauta. Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan waƙoƙin [[Abu Nuwas]] . Sarkin ya ga wata mace tana wanka tsirara kuma ya yi bakin ciki cewa dole ne ya tafi. Ya nemi Sium ya rubuta waka a wurin game da kwarewar. Bayan haka, Sium ya shiga garin inda ya ba da shawarar yara maza uku don jima'i. Daga baya, sarki da matar da ya ga suna wanka a baya sun sami matasa biyu, yaro da yarinya, kuma sun ba su magani da maganin. Suna barin su kwance tsirara a cikin alfarwa ɗaya a kan gado daban-daban. Sun yi fare cewa duk wani daga cikin ma'aurata ya fada cikin soyayya shine mafi ƙasƙanci, yayin da wanda ya raunana ya fada cikin ƙauna da kyakkyawa. Hakazalika, suna tayar da yaron da yarinyar, kuma dukansu suna ƙoƙari su yi jima'i a jikin ɗayan tsirara. A ƙarshe, Sium da matar sun yarda cewa babu wani mai nasara kuma sun tafi. Zumurrud ta gama da labarinta kuma ta kammala zane-zane. Ta gaya wa Nur-ed-Din ya sayar da shi a kasuwa ga kowa sai dai mutumin Turai mai idanu mai launin shudi. Nur-ed -Din ya tafi kasuwa kuma ya fada ga babban tayin mutumin da ke da idanu mai idanu. Mutumin ya bi Nur-ed-Din ya koma gidansa kuma ya nemi ya raba abinci. Ya yi wa Nur-ed-Din miyagun ƙwayoyi da [[ayaba]] kuma ya sace Zumurrud lokacin da yake barci. Mutumin da ke da idanu masu launin shudi ya kawo Zumurrud ga tsohon daga kasuwa, kuma ya doke ta saboda ya yi masa ba'a. * '''Binciken Nur-e-din''': Nur-ed-Din ya damu sosai lokacin da ya farka. Wata baƙo mace ta ba da kanta don taimaka masa. Ta gano inda Zumurrud yake kuma ta gaya wa Nur-e-din ya jira a waje da ƙofar tsohon lokacin da yake barci. Zumurrud zai yi tsalle a kan bango kuma ya gudu tare da shi. Yana jira cikin dare amma ya yi barci. Wani [[Kurdawa]] mai wucewa ya sace kuɗin sa da turbansa. Zumurrud ya yi tsalle a kan bango kuma ya yi kuskuren Kurdawa don Nur-ed-Din . Kurdawa ya dawo da ita wurin da yake ɓoyewa, inda ya ce abokansa za su yi mata fyade. An ɗaure ta amma ta sami damar tserewa washegari kuma ta tafi cikin hamada ta yi kama da soja. * Sarki mai kambin: Zumurrud ya hau cikin hamada kuma ya isa waje da birni da sojoji da yawa da taron mutane ke tsare. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa soja ce mai suna ''Wardan''. Mutanen, suna gaskata cewa namiji ne, sun gaya mata cewa bayan sarki ya wuce ba tare da magaji ba, al'adarsu ita ce ta naɗa matafiyi na farko da ya zo garinsu. An kuma ba ta amarya. A daren bikin aurenta, Zumurrud ta bayyana sirrinta ga amarya. amarya ta yi alkawarin ɓoye ta. Mutumin Turai da Kurdawa sun yi tafiya zuwa birnin kuma an kashe su a kan umarnin ''Wardan''. Mutanen da suke cinyewa da su sun yi kuskuren cewa wannan hukunci ne don satar [[shinkafa]] su. * '''Mafarki''': Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan labarin Porter da mata uku na Baghdad daga Dare 9. Nur-ed-Din ya yi kuskure a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya ta hanyar mace mai rufe fuska. Ta hayar da shi don tattara abinci da jita-jita daban-daban daga kasuwa don kawo mata da 'yan uwanta mata biyu gida. Sun koma gida, sun shirya tebur kuma sun fara karatu. A cikin labarin-a cikin labarin, Gimbiya Dunya ta yi mafarki game da wata kurciya mace da ke taimaka wa takwaransa namiji ya tashi kyauta daga net. Ana kama mace a cikin taru kuma namiji ya tashi shi kaɗai. Ta ɗauki ma'anar wannan mafarki a matsayin rashin aminci na maza kuma ta yi alkawarin ba za ta taɓa yin aure ba. * '''Aziz da Aziza''': Dunya ta ɗauki littafi kuma ta karanta labarin. Labarin na gaba ya dogara ne akan labarin Aziz da Aziza wanda ya fara a Dare 112. Aziz (Ninetto Davoli) yana gaya wa abokinsa, Yarima Tagi, game da rayuwarsa. An shirya shi ya auri dan uwansa Aziza, amma a ranar bikin aure, wata mace mai ban mamaki da ya sadu da ita ta hanyar sa'a, lokacin da yake zaune a ƙarƙashin taga, ya janye hankalinsa. Matar tana magana da shi a cikin ƙananan alamomi. Ya yi sha'awar wannan mace kuma ya tafi Aziza don gano abin da zai yi. Aziza tana taimakawa wajen fassara saƙonnin kuma tana gaya masa yadda za a amsa da kuma wane waka ya karanta. Bayan mummunan farawa, matar ta amsa wa Aziz wanda ke sa ran ganawarsu a cikin alfarwa a waje da birnin. * Ƙauna ita ce ubana: Aziz ya tafi alfarwa ya sha ruwan inabi wanda ya sa ya yi barci. Matar ta bar alamar cewa za ta kashe shi idan ya sake yin wani abu mara hankali. Ya dawo ya guji cin abinci a wannan lokacin. Matar (mai suna Budur) ta zo kuma sun yi soyayya. Aziz ya karanta waƙoƙin da Aziza ya gaya masa. Ya koma gida kuma Aziza yana kan rufin, ya rushe da kaɗaici, amma Aziz ba ya kula da shi. Yana son Budur kawai. Aziza ya ba shi karin waka don karantawa. Aziz ya koma Budur kuma bayan sun yi barci tare, sai ya harbe kibiya tare da dildo a cikin farjiyarta. Aziz ya koma gida don hutawa yayin da Aziza ta sake kuka. Aziz ya tafi Budur washegari kuma ya karanta karin waka amma ta tsawata masa. Ta ce ma'anar waka ita ce yarinyar da ta ba ta ƙaunarta kuma ta kashe kanta. Ta gaya masa ya je kabarinta. Ya tafi kuma mahaifiyarsa ta gaya masa ya yi makoki da aminci amma a bayyane yake ba shi da sha'awar wannan. * '''Ka yi kuka yayin da ka sa ta yi kuka''': Aziz ta koma Budur washegari amma ta damu sosai. Ta ba shi kudi mai yawa kuma ta gaya masa ya gina wani abin tunawa don girmama Aziza, amma ya kashe duk kuɗin akan barasa. Bayan ya bar mashaya, wata budurwa da 'yan fashi da ta hayar sun sace shi. Matar ta umarce shi ya auri ta ko Budur, wanda yake ziyarta zai kashe shi. Ya kwashe shekara guda tare da ita kuma mahaifinsa ya haifi ɗa amma ya bar wata rana a kan uzuri na ziyartar mahaifiyarsa. A maimakon haka ya tafi ganin Budur, wanda ke zaune a waje da alfarwarta. Ya tambayi dalilin da ya sa take zaune ita kaɗai. Ta amsa cewa ta zauna kadai na shekara guda, ba ta motsa inci ba, tana jiran shi. Lokacin da Aziz ya gaya mata cewa ya yi aure kuma yana da ɗa yanzu, Budur ya gaya masa cewa ba shi da amfani a gare ta yanzu. Koyaya, ta kira wasu mata kuma sun kewaye shi da wuƙaƙe. Ya yi ihu da waka ta ƙarshe da Aziza ya ba shi kuma an tilasta musu su tsaya. Budur ta ce ba za ta kashe shi ba kuma Aziza ta cece shi a wannan lokacin amma ba zai bar ba tare da rauni ba. Ta ɗaure igiya a kusa da jikinsa kuma ta yi masa castration. Aziz ya koma ga mahaifiyarsa wacce ta ba shi saƙo daga marigayi Aziza. Wani zane da ya yi imanin cewa Budur ne ya yi shi, wata mace mai suna Princess Dunya ce ta yi shi. Yarima Tagi ya ji duk wannan kuma ya motsa. Yana so ya sadu da Dunya kamar yadda ya ƙaunace ta ba tare da saduwa da ita ba. * '''Aljanna''': Su biyun suna tafiya zuwa garin Dunya inda ta kewaye kanta a fadarta. Sun nemi mai lambu yawon shakatawa kuma ya tilasta. Ya ce Dunya ta yi mafarki game da kurciya wacce takwaransa namiji ya ci amanarta kuma ta yi rantsuwa ba ta da wani abu da ya shafi maza. Su biyun suna so su sadu da ita a karkashin siffar nuna kansu a matsayin masu zane-zane. Sun shirya hayar wasu masu zane-zane biyu don taimaka musu da wannan tufafi. An ba su biyu dinars bakwai, takwas har ma da 9 amma sun ki yin aiki don wani abu sama da dinar daya. * '''Labarin Mai zane''': Maza duk suna zane da aiki a fadar. Abokin Aziz ya tambayi na farko abin da labarinsa yake kuma ya amsa cewa ya taɓa zama yarima wanda ya sami nasarar tsira daga yaƙi ta hanyar rufe kansa da jinin gawar kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matattu. Bayan abokan gaba sun tafi, sai ya gudu zuwa sabon birni don ɓoyewa. Ya nemi aiki kuma ya ce ya san abubuwa da yawa game da falsafar, kimiyya, ilimin taurari, magani da doka. Mutumin ya gaya masa cewa wannan ba shi da amfani a gare shi kuma yarima zai yi aiki yankan itace. * '''Yarima Shahzaman''': Wannan karbuwa ne na labarin dervish na biyu daga Nights 12 da 13. Yarima Shahzaman da magoya bayansa 'yan fashi sun kai musu hari. Ya yi wasa da mutuwa kuma ta haka ne ya tsira daga harin. Shahzaman ya fita ya yanke itace kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya sami ƙofar tarko a ƙasa. Ya sauka daga matakala kuma ya sami kyakkyawar yarinya da wani jinn ya makale a karkashin kasa. Ta gaya masa cewa jinn yana zuwa sau ɗaya kawai a kowace kwana goma ko kuma lokacin da ta buga alamar zinariya a saman gadonta wanda ke gaya masa cewa tana bukatarsa. Yarima yana barci tare da ita kuma da alfahari yana riƙe da tsayinsa a hannunsa yayin da yake sanar da cewa zai 'yantar da ita daga jinn. Ba tare da son zuciyarta ba, sai ya buga alamar zinariya don ya kashe jinn. Yarima nan da nan ya yi nadama game da wannan kuma ya tafi ba tare da takalminsa ba kafin jinn ya isa. Yarinyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta bayyana abubuwa ga jinn, cewa hatsari ne kawai amma jinn ya fahimci cewa tana barci da wani lokacin da ya leƙen asirin takalmin yarima. Ya fita neman yarima ta hanyar tambayar mutane idan sun san wanda takalmin ya kasance kuma wani ya amsa a'a sosai ga farin cikin jinn. Jinn ya dawo da yarima zuwa kogon kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya sa yarima ya kashe yarinyar da takobi amma yarima yana jin tsoron yin hakan, bayan ya kwanta da yarinyar. Ya kuma nemi yarinyar ta kashe yarima amma ta ki. Da yake fushi kuma ya fahimci cewa babu wanda zai yi, sai jinn ya yanke yarinyar da kansa kuma ya tafi da yarima don ya rama. Jinn ya gaya masa cewa ba zai kashe shi ba amma zai canza shi zuwa [[biri]] a matsayin horo ga abin da ya yi. Sa'an nan kuma matafiya suna karɓar biri a cikin jirgin ruwa ko da yake ba a san su cewa ya taɓa zama mutum ba. Matafiya suna mamakin lokacin da biri ya ɗauki takarda da buroshi daga gare su kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙi a cikin kyawawan rubutun. Matafiya sun sauka a tashar jiragen ruwa kuma sun je wurin sarki tare da takarda. Sarkin ya nemi a sami duk wanda ya rubuta irin wannan waka mai kyau kuma ya yi masa biki. Mutanen suna yin bikin ga biri. An yi wa biri ado da riguna kuma an ɗauke shi a kan datti ga mamakin sarki. 'Yar sarki wacce ta san sihiri ta fahimci cewa ya taɓa zama mutum kuma ta canza shi, ta kashe kanta a cikin aikin. Ta tashi cikin wuta kuma toka ne kawai ya rage daga gare ta. Mahaifinta, wanda ya ba ta damar kashe kanta, yanzu yana so ya ba yarima kyauta mai arziki. Amma Yarima Shahzaman ya gode wa sarki saboda sadaukar da 'yarsa kuma ya ce yanzu yana so ya koma mulkinsa. * '''Labarin Yunan''': Wannan karbuwa ne na labarin dervish na uku daga Nights 14 da 15. A gabashin Asiya, Yarima Yunan yana zaune cikin gamsuwa tare da mahaifinsa, Sarki. Yunan ya yanke shawarar yin tafiya zuwa tsibirai a cikin mulkinsa amma jirgin ya tashi daga hanya a cikin guguwa. Ya tambayi ma'aikatan dalilin da ya sa suke kuka kuma sun gaya masa cewa akwai tsibiri tare da "dutse mai ƙarfi" wanda suke kusanci. Zai cire dukkan ƙusa daga cikin jirginsu kuma ya tura su ga mutuwarsu a cikin duwatsu. Jirgin ya fadi kamar yadda suka bayyana amma Yunan ya tsira. Ya ji murya tana gaya masa ya kama baka da kibiya da aka binne a ƙarƙashin yashi kuma ya harbe mutum-mutumi na dutse wanda ke ɗauke da la'anar da aka dasa a saman tsibirin. Ya harbe shi kamar yadda aka gaya masa kuma duk tsibirin ya rushe cikin teku. Yunan ya tsira duk da haka kuma ya yi tafiya a cikin raƙuman ruwa tare da itace daga jirgin da ya rushe. * Gidan a cikin yashi: Yunan ya tashi zuwa wani tsibiri inda ya ga jirgin ruwa yana sauka. Yana gudu amma ya makara. Ya sami ɗaki a tsibirin kuma ya shiga ciki don neman wani saurayi. Yaron ya gaya masa cewa shi dan sarki ne kuma mai duba ya annabta cewa a wannan rana wani yarima mai suna Yunan zai kashe shi don haka mahaifinsa ya kai shi tsibirin mai nisa kuma ya gina ɗakin da zai kiyaye shi har sai lokacin haɗari ya wuce. Yunan ya ji wannan kuma ya gaya masa cewa ba zai cutar da shi ba amma zai kare shi kawai. Sun yi wanka tare sannan suka yi barci amma a lokacin da yake barci, Yunan ya fara yin barci kuma ya kama wuka. Ya soke yaron da wuka, ya kashe shi. An canza ƙarshen wannan labarin daga cikin littafin inda yarima ya kashe yaron ba zato ba tsammani yayin da yake ƙoƙarin yanke [[lemun tsami]]. * '''Mafarki da aka bayyana''': Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan labarin mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin Dare 9. Nur-ed-Din yana wanka tsirara tare da 'yan'uwa mata uku, wadanda su ma tsirara ne. Sun ɗan bugu kuma suna wasa da juna. Ɗaya bayan ɗaya, matan sun tambayi Nur-ed-Din abin da ake kira hawan su. Ya amsa amma suna ci gaba da gaya masa cewa yana da sunayen da ba daidai ba. Sunayen da suka dace sune ciyawa, ''grenades mai zaki'', da kuma Inn of Good Food. Daga nan sai ya tambaye su menene sunan azzakari kuma kowannensu yana ba da amsar duk da cewa ya ce ba daidai ba ne. Sunansa shine " jaki wanda ke cinye ciyawa mai ƙanshi, yana cinye pomegranates mai zaki kuma yana ciyar da dare a cikin Inn of Good Food". Daga nan sai ya farka da safe a cikin terrace a waje da gidan mata. Ya ci gaba da neman Zummurrud. * '''Nur-e-din da Zumurrud''': Nur-ed-Din ya kai birnin inda Zummurrud ke mulki. Ya kama shinkafa kaɗan daga kwano inda mutane ke cin abinci kuma an kai shi ɗakin sirri na sarki. Zummurrud (har yanzu yana cikin ɓoye) ya nemi shi don jima'i na hanci. Ya yarda da tawali'u kuma ya ja wando. Ta cire tufafinta kuma ta bayyana cewa wasa ne kawai. Sun sake haɗuwa kuma sun rungumi juna. == Manazarta ==   giz9gy4kozt574akgys9dwk9wscta96 841080 841078 2026-05-28T07:26:22Z Gwanki 3834 841080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Arabian Nights fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci na 1974 wanda Pier Paolo Pasolini ya jagoranta. Taken asalinsa na Italiyanci shine ''{{Lang|it|Il fiore delle mille e una notte}}'', wanda ke nufin '''''Fure na Dubu da Ɗaya'''''. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga tarihin Larabci na dā One Thousand and One Nights, wanda aka fi sani da The Arabian Nights . Ita ce ta ƙarshe ta "Trilogy of Life" na Pasolini, wanda ya fara da The ''Decameron'' kuma ya ci gaba da The Canterbury Tales . Matashi Franco Merli ne ya jagoranci wanda Pasolini ya gano shi don wannan fim din. Fim din ya dace da labarun da yawa a cikin tarin asali amma an gabatar da su ba tare da tsari ba kuma ba tare da labarin Scheherazade, Dunyazad da Sarki Shahriyar ba. Fim din ya ƙunshi tsirara, jima'i, shayari, da kuma jin dadi. Yana adana lalata da labarin a cikin tsarin labarin Arabian Nights kuma an kira shi "watakila mafi kyau kuma tabbas mafi basira" na gyaran fina-finai na Arabian Night.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last3=Robert Irwin (writer)}}</ref> Tare da wannan fim, Pasolini ya yi niyyar yin fim na Arabian Nights bisa ga 'tunanin da yake ciki a matsayin yaro'. A shirye-shiryen fim din, Pasolini ya sake karanta 1001 Nights tare da ruwan tabarau mai mahimmanci kuma ya zaɓi labaran da ya ji kawai sun fi 'kyakkyawan'. == Labari == Babban labarin ya shafi wani saurayi marar laifi, Nur-e-Din (Franco Merli), wanda ya ƙaunaci kyakkyawar yarinya bawa, Zumurrud (Ines Pellegrini), wanda ya zaɓe shi a matsayin ubangijinta. Bayan kuskuren wauta na sa aka sace ta, sai ya yi tafiya don neman ta. A halin yanzu, Zumurrud ta sami damar tserewa kuma, ta yi kama da mutum, ta zo wani masarauta mai nisa inda ta zama sarki. Sauran matafiya daban-daban suna ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na bala'i da soyayya, ciki har da wani saurayi wanda wata mace mai ban mamaki ta yi mamakinsa a ranar bikin aurensa, da kuma Yarima Shazaman (Alberto Argentino), wanda ke son 'yantar da mace daga aljani (Franco Citti) kuma wanda mata biyu suka sadaukar da rayukansu. Interwoven ne Nur-e-Din ta ci gaba da neman Zumurrud da kuma (yawanci lalata) kasadarsa. A ƙarshe, ya isa masarautar da ke nesa kuma ya sake haɗuwa da Zumurrud. Fim din ya kunshi wurare 16: ''Gaskiya ba ta cikin mafarki ɗaya ba, amma a cikin mafarkai da yawa.'' - aya daga 1001 Nights da taken buɗewa * Lady of the Moons: Ana sayar da yarinyar bawa Zumurrud a kasuwa. Mai shi na yanzu ya ba ta damar zabar sabon maigidanta. Mutum bayan mutum ya ba da shawarar sayen ta amma ta ki. Wani dattijo ya ba da shawarar sayen ta amma ta yi dariya kuma ta zagi rashin aikinsa na tsaye. Ta ga matashi Nur-ed-Din kuma ta yi alkawarin zama bawansa. Sun koma gidan Nur-ed-Din kuma sun yi soyayya. * '''Labarin Zumurrud''': Zumurrud ta ba da labarin ta na farko-a cikin labarin game da mawaki mai jima'i ''Sium'' daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]] na fadar sarauta. Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan waƙoƙin [[Abu Nuwas]] . Sarkin ya ga wata mace tana wanka tsirara kuma ya yi bakin ciki cewa dole ne ya tafi. Ya nemi Sium ya rubuta waka a wurin game da kwarewar. Bayan haka, Sium ya shiga garin inda ya ba da shawarar yara maza uku don jima'i. Daga baya, sarki da matar da ya ga suna wanka a baya sun sami matasa biyu, yaro da yarinya, kuma sun ba su magani da maganin. Suna barin su kwance tsirara a cikin alfarwa ɗaya a kan gado daban-daban. Sun yi fare cewa duk wani daga cikin ma'aurata ya fada cikin soyayya shine mafi ƙasƙanci, yayin da wanda ya raunana ya fada cikin ƙauna da kyakkyawa. Hakazalika, suna tayar da yaron da yarinyar, kuma dukansu suna ƙoƙari su yi jima'i a jikin ɗayan tsirara. A ƙarshe, Sium da matar sun yarda cewa babu wani mai nasara kuma sun tafi. Zumurrud ta gama da labarinta kuma ta kammala zane-zane. Ta gaya wa Nur-ed-Din ya sayar da shi a kasuwa ga kowa sai dai mutumin Turai mai idanu mai launin shudi. Nur-ed -Din ya tafi kasuwa kuma ya fada ga babban tayin mutumin da ke da idanu mai idanu. Mutumin ya bi Nur-ed-Din ya koma gidansa kuma ya nemi ya raba abinci. Ya yi wa Nur-ed-Din miyagun ƙwayoyi da [[ayaba]] kuma ya sace Zumurrud lokacin da yake barci. Mutumin da ke da idanu masu launin shudi ya kawo Zumurrud ga tsohon daga kasuwa, kuma ya doke ta saboda ya yi masa ba'a. * '''Binciken Nur-e-din''': Nur-ed-Din ya damu sosai lokacin da ya farka. Wata baƙo mace ta ba da kanta don taimaka masa. Ta gano inda Zumurrud yake kuma ta gaya wa Nur-e-din ya jira a waje da ƙofar tsohon lokacin da yake barci. Zumurrud zai yi tsalle a kan bango kuma ya gudu tare da shi. Yana jira cikin dare amma ya yi barci. Wani [[Kurdawa]] mai wucewa ya sace kuɗin sa da turbansa. Zumurrud ya yi tsalle a kan bango kuma ya yi kuskuren Kurdawa don Nur-ed-Din . Kurdawa ya dawo da ita wurin da yake ɓoyewa, inda ya ce abokansa za su yi mata fyade. An ɗaure ta amma ta sami damar tserewa washegari kuma ta tafi cikin hamada ta yi kama da soja. * Sarki mai kambin: Zumurrud ya hau cikin hamada kuma ya isa waje da birni da sojoji da yawa da taron mutane ke tsare. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa soja ce mai suna ''Wardan''. Mutanen, suna gaskata cewa namiji ne, sun gaya mata cewa bayan sarki ya wuce ba tare da magaji ba, al'adarsu ita ce ta naɗa matafiyi na farko da ya zo garinsu. An kuma ba ta amarya. A daren bikin aurenta, Zumurrud ta bayyana sirrinta ga amarya. amarya ta yi alkawarin ɓoye ta. Mutumin Turai da Kurdawa sun yi tafiya zuwa birnin kuma an kashe su a kan umarnin ''Wardan''. Mutanen da suke cinyewa da su sun yi kuskuren cewa wannan hukunci ne don satar [[shinkafa]] su. * '''Mafarki''': Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan labarin Porter da mata uku na Baghdad daga Dare 9. Nur-ed-Din ya yi kuskure a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya ta hanyar mace mai rufe fuska. Ta hayar da shi don tattara abinci da jita-jita daban-daban daga kasuwa don kawo mata da 'yan uwanta mata biyu gida. Sun koma gida, sun shirya tebur kuma sun fara karatu. A cikin labarin-a cikin labarin, Gimbiya Dunya ta yi mafarki game da wata kurciya mace da ke taimaka wa takwaransa namiji ya tashi kyauta daga net. Ana kama mace a cikin taru kuma namiji ya tashi shi kaɗai. Ta ɗauki ma'anar wannan mafarki a matsayin rashin aminci na maza kuma ta yi alkawarin ba za ta taɓa yin aure ba. * '''Aziz da Aziza''': Dunya ta ɗauki littafi kuma ta karanta labarin. Labarin na gaba ya dogara ne akan labarin Aziz da Aziza wanda ya fara a Dare 112. Aziz (Ninetto Davoli) yana gaya wa abokinsa, Yarima Tagi, game da rayuwarsa. An shirya shi ya auri dan uwansa Aziza, amma a ranar bikin aure, wata mace mai ban mamaki da ya sadu da ita ta hanyar sa'a, lokacin da yake zaune a ƙarƙashin taga, ya janye hankalinsa. Matar tana magana da shi a cikin ƙananan alamomi. Ya yi sha'awar wannan mace kuma ya tafi Aziza don gano abin da zai yi. Aziza tana taimakawa wajen fassara saƙonnin kuma tana gaya masa yadda za a amsa da kuma wane waka ya karanta. Bayan mummunan farawa, matar ta amsa wa Aziz wanda ke sa ran ganawarsu a cikin alfarwa a waje da birnin. * Ƙauna ita ce ubana: Aziz ya tafi alfarwa ya sha ruwan inabi wanda ya sa ya yi barci. Matar ta bar alamar cewa za ta kashe shi idan ya sake yin wani abu mara hankali. Ya dawo ya guji cin abinci a wannan lokacin. Matar (mai suna Budur) ta zo kuma sun yi soyayya. Aziz ya karanta waƙoƙin da Aziza ya gaya masa. Ya koma gida kuma Aziza yana kan rufin, ya rushe da kaɗaici, amma Aziz ba ya kula da shi. Yana son Budur kawai. Aziza ya ba shi karin waka don karantawa. Aziz ya koma Budur kuma bayan sun yi barci tare, sai ya harbe kibiya tare da dildo a cikin farjiyarta. Aziz ya koma gida don hutawa yayin da Aziza ta sake kuka. Aziz ya tafi Budur washegari kuma ya karanta karin waka amma ta tsawata masa. Ta ce ma'anar waka ita ce yarinyar da ta ba ta ƙaunarta kuma ta kashe kanta. Ta gaya masa ya je kabarinta. Ya tafi kuma mahaifiyarsa ta gaya masa ya yi makoki da aminci amma a bayyane yake ba shi da sha'awar wannan. * '''Ka yi kuka yayin da ka sa ta yi kuka''': Aziz ta koma Budur washegari amma ta damu sosai. Ta ba shi kudi mai yawa kuma ta gaya masa ya gina wani abin tunawa don girmama Aziza, amma ya kashe duk kuɗin akan barasa. Bayan ya bar mashaya, wata budurwa da 'yan fashi da ta hayar sun sace shi. Matar ta umarce shi ya auri ta ko Budur, wanda yake ziyarta zai kashe shi. Ya kwashe shekara guda tare da ita kuma mahaifinsa ya haifi ɗa amma ya bar wata rana a kan uzuri na ziyartar mahaifiyarsa. A maimakon haka ya tafi ganin Budur, wanda ke zaune a waje da alfarwarta. Ya tambayi dalilin da ya sa take zaune ita kaɗai. Ta amsa cewa ta zauna kadai na shekara guda, ba ta motsa inci ba, tana jiran shi. Lokacin da Aziz ya gaya mata cewa ya yi aure kuma yana da ɗa yanzu, Budur ya gaya masa cewa ba shi da amfani a gare ta yanzu. Koyaya, ta kira wasu mata kuma sun kewaye shi da wuƙaƙe. Ya yi ihu da waka ta ƙarshe da Aziza ya ba shi kuma an tilasta musu su tsaya. Budur ta ce ba za ta kashe shi ba kuma Aziza ta cece shi a wannan lokacin amma ba zai bar ba tare da rauni ba. Ta ɗaure igiya a kusa da jikinsa kuma ta yi masa castration. Aziz ya koma ga mahaifiyarsa wacce ta ba shi saƙo daga marigayi Aziza. Wani zane da ya yi imanin cewa Budur ne ya yi shi, wata mace mai suna Princess Dunya ce ta yi shi. Yarima Tagi ya ji duk wannan kuma ya motsa. Yana so ya sadu da Dunya kamar yadda ya ƙaunace ta ba tare da saduwa da ita ba. * '''Aljanna''': Su biyun suna tafiya zuwa garin Dunya inda ta kewaye kanta a fadarta. Sun nemi mai lambu yawon shakatawa kuma ya tilasta. Ya ce Dunya ta yi mafarki game da kurciya wacce takwaransa namiji ya ci amanarta kuma ta yi rantsuwa ba ta da wani abu da ya shafi maza. Su biyun suna so su sadu da ita a karkashin siffar nuna kansu a matsayin masu zane-zane. Sun shirya hayar wasu masu zane-zane biyu don taimaka musu da wannan tufafi. An ba su biyu dinars bakwai, takwas har ma da 9 amma sun ki yin aiki don wani abu sama da dinar daya. * '''Labarin Mai zane''': Maza duk suna zane da aiki a fadar. Abokin Aziz ya tambayi na farko abin da labarinsa yake kuma ya amsa cewa ya taɓa zama yarima wanda ya sami nasarar tsira daga yaƙi ta hanyar rufe kansa da jinin gawar kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matattu. Bayan abokan gaba sun tafi, sai ya gudu zuwa sabon birni don ɓoyewa. Ya nemi aiki kuma ya ce ya san abubuwa da yawa game da falsafar, kimiyya, ilimin taurari, magani da doka. Mutumin ya gaya masa cewa wannan ba shi da amfani a gare shi kuma yarima zai yi aiki yankan itace. * '''Yarima Shahzaman''': Wannan karbuwa ne na labarin dervish na biyu daga Nights 12 da 13. Yarima Shahzaman da magoya bayansa 'yan fashi sun kai musu hari. Ya yi wasa da mutuwa kuma ta haka ne ya tsira daga harin. Shahzaman ya fita ya yanke itace kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya sami ƙofar tarko a ƙasa. Ya sauka daga matakala kuma ya sami kyakkyawar yarinya da wani jinn ya makale a karkashin kasa. Ta gaya masa cewa jinn yana zuwa sau ɗaya kawai a kowace kwana goma ko kuma lokacin da ta buga alamar zinariya a saman gadonta wanda ke gaya masa cewa tana bukatarsa. Yarima yana barci tare da ita kuma da alfahari yana riƙe da tsayinsa a hannunsa yayin da yake sanar da cewa zai 'yantar da ita daga jinn. Ba tare da son zuciyarta ba, sai ya buga alamar zinariya don ya kashe jinn. Yarima nan da nan ya yi nadama game da wannan kuma ya tafi ba tare da takalminsa ba kafin jinn ya isa. Yarinyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta bayyana abubuwa ga jinn, cewa hatsari ne kawai amma jinn ya fahimci cewa tana barci da wani lokacin da ya leƙen asirin takalmin yarima. Ya fita neman yarima ta hanyar tambayar mutane idan sun san wanda takalmin ya kasance kuma wani ya amsa a'a sosai ga farin cikin jinn. Jinn ya dawo da yarima zuwa kogon kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya sa yarima ya kashe yarinyar da takobi amma yarima yana jin tsoron yin hakan, bayan ya kwanta da yarinyar. Ya kuma nemi yarinyar ta kashe yarima amma ta ki. Da yake fushi kuma ya fahimci cewa babu wanda zai yi, sai jinn ya yanke yarinyar da kansa kuma ya tafi da yarima don ya rama. Jinn ya gaya masa cewa ba zai kashe shi ba amma zai canza shi zuwa [[biri]] a matsayin horo ga abin da ya yi. Sa'an nan kuma matafiya suna karɓar biri a cikin jirgin ruwa ko da yake ba a san su cewa ya taɓa zama mutum ba. Matafiya suna mamakin lokacin da biri ya ɗauki takarda da buroshi daga gare su kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙi a cikin kyawawan rubutun. Matafiya sun sauka a tashar jiragen ruwa kuma sun je wurin sarki tare da takarda. Sarkin ya nemi a sami duk wanda ya rubuta irin wannan waka mai kyau kuma ya yi masa biki. Mutanen suna yin bikin ga biri. An yi wa biri ado da riguna kuma an ɗauke shi a kan datti ga mamakin sarki. 'Yar sarki wacce ta san sihiri ta fahimci cewa ya taɓa zama mutum kuma ta canza shi, ta kashe kanta a cikin aikin. Ta tashi cikin wuta kuma toka ne kawai ya rage daga gare ta. Mahaifinta, wanda ya ba ta damar kashe kanta, yanzu yana so ya ba yarima kyauta mai arziki. Amma Yarima Shahzaman ya gode wa sarki saboda sadaukar da 'yarsa kuma ya ce yanzu yana so ya koma mulkinsa. * '''Labarin Yunan''': Wannan karbuwa ne na labarin dervish na uku daga Nights 14 da 15. A gabashin Asiya, Yarima Yunan yana zaune cikin gamsuwa tare da mahaifinsa, Sarki. Yunan ya yanke shawarar yin tafiya zuwa tsibirai a cikin mulkinsa amma jirgin ya tashi daga hanya a cikin guguwa. Ya tambayi ma'aikatan dalilin da ya sa suke kuka kuma sun gaya masa cewa akwai tsibiri tare da "dutse mai ƙarfi" wanda suke kusanci. Zai cire dukkan ƙusa daga cikin jirginsu kuma ya tura su ga mutuwarsu a cikin duwatsu. Jirgin ya fadi kamar yadda suka bayyana amma Yunan ya tsira. Ya ji murya tana gaya masa ya kama baka da kibiya da aka binne a ƙarƙashin yashi kuma ya harbe mutum-mutumi na dutse wanda ke ɗauke da la'anar da aka dasa a saman tsibirin. Ya harbe shi kamar yadda aka gaya masa kuma duk tsibirin ya rushe cikin teku. Yunan ya tsira duk da haka kuma ya yi tafiya a cikin raƙuman ruwa tare da itace daga jirgin da ya rushe. * Gidan a cikin yashi: Yunan ya tashi zuwa wani tsibiri inda ya ga jirgin ruwa yana sauka. Yana gudu amma ya makara. Ya sami ɗaki a tsibirin kuma ya shiga ciki don neman wani saurayi. Yaron ya gaya masa cewa shi dan sarki ne kuma mai duba ya annabta cewa a wannan rana wani yarima mai suna Yunan zai kashe shi don haka mahaifinsa ya kai shi tsibirin mai nisa kuma ya gina ɗakin da zai kiyaye shi har sai lokacin haɗari ya wuce. Yunan ya ji wannan kuma ya gaya masa cewa ba zai cutar da shi ba amma zai kare shi kawai. Sun yi wanka tare sannan suka yi barci amma a lokacin da yake barci, Yunan ya fara yin barci kuma ya kama wuka. Ya soke yaron da wuka, ya kashe shi. An canza ƙarshen wannan labarin daga cikin littafin inda yarima ya kashe yaron ba zato ba tsammani yayin da yake ƙoƙarin yanke [[lemun tsami]]. * '''Mafarki da aka bayyana''': Wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan labarin mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin Dare 9. Nur-ed-Din yana wanka tsirara tare da 'yan'uwa mata uku, wadanda su ma tsirara ne. Sun ɗan bugu kuma suna wasa da juna. Ɗaya bayan ɗaya, matan sun tambayi Nur-ed-Din abin da ake kira hawan su. Ya amsa amma suna ci gaba da gaya masa cewa yana da sunayen da ba daidai ba. Sunayen da suka dace sune ciyawa, ''grenades mai zaki'', da kuma Inn of Good Food. Daga nan sai ya tambaye su menene sunan azzakari kuma kowannensu yana ba da amsar duk da cewa ya ce ba daidai ba ne. Sunansa shine " jaki wanda ke cinye ciyawa mai ƙanshi, yana cinye pomegranates mai zaki kuma yana ciyar da dare a cikin Inn of Good Food". Daga nan sai ya farka da safe a cikin terrace a waje da gidan mata. Ya ci gaba da neman Zummurrud. * '''Nur-e-din da Zumurrud''': Nur-ed-Din ya kai birnin inda Zummurrud ke mulki. Ya kama shinkafa kaɗan daga kwano inda mutane ke cin abinci kuma an kai shi ɗakin sirri na sarki. Zummurrud (har yanzu yana cikin ɓoye) ya nemi shi don jima'i na hanci. Ya yarda da tawali'u kuma ya ja wando. Ta cire tufafinta kuma ta bayyana cewa wasa ne kawai. Sun sake haɗuwa kuma sun rungumi juna. == Manazarta ==   oxrdxv6dttake1rifoi3aeke2abqmzu 0 152560 841079 2026-05-28T07:26:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331579200|Tananesh II (ferry)]]" 841079 wikitext text/x-wiki   Tananesh II Jirgin fasinja ne mai tsawon mita 38 (124 in) -tsawon, 150-ton (150-tsawon ton) wanda kamfanin sufuri da kayan aiki na Habasha (EIH) ya saya 2024. Daga Afrilu 2024, jirgin ya fara tafiya ta kasa da kasa daga Djibouti zuwa Habasha, yana yin sufuri na cikin gida tare da makomarsa a Tafkin Tana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> == Bayani da tafiye-tafiye == gTananesh II jirgin fasinja ne mai tsawon mita 38 (124 in) -tsawon, 150-ton (150-tsawon) wanda kamfanin sufuri da kayan aiki na Habasha (EIH) ya saya. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, jirgin ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti don jigilar ruwa, a cewar EIH, jirgin na iya ɗaukar fasinjoji har zuwa mutane 180.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Two modern boats arrive at Djibouti port for inland water transport |url=https://www.fanamc.com/english/two-modern-boats-arrive-at-djibouti-port-for-inland-water-transport/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Welcome to Fana Media Corporation S.C |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> Tananesh II ya bar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh ta Djibouti a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025 don tafiya a cikin Habasha tare da makomarsa a Tafkin Tana. A ranar 8 ga Mayu 2025, jirgin ya isa iyakar Habasha kuma Adama ta karbe shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni. A ƙarshen Afrilu da Yuni, jirgin ya ziyarci [[Addis Ababa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * 2025 a Habasha == Manazarta == 5la7mtv5h8qdqinx956f4c21vpg7sff 841081 841079 2026-05-28T07:26:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 841081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tananesh II''' Jirgin fasinja ne mai tsawon mita 38 (124 in) -tsawon, 150-ton (150-tsawon ton) wanda kamfanin sufuri da kayan aiki na Habasha (EIH) ya saya 2024. Daga Afrilu 2024, jirgin ya fara tafiya ta kasa da kasa daga Djibouti zuwa Habasha, yana yin sufuri na cikin gida tare da makomarsa a Tafkin Tana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> == Bayani da tafiye-tafiye == gTananesh II jirgin fasinja ne mai tsawon mita 38 (124 in) -tsawon, 150-ton (150-tsawon) wanda kamfanin sufuri da kayan aiki na Habasha (EIH) ya saya. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, jirgin ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti don jigilar ruwa, a cewar EIH, jirgin na iya ɗaukar fasinjoji har zuwa mutane 180.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-01 |title=Two modern boats arrive at Djibouti port for inland water transport |url=https://www.fanamc.com/english/two-modern-boats-arrive-at-djibouti-port-for-inland-water-transport/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Welcome to Fana Media Corporation S.C |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> Tananesh II ya bar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh ta Djibouti a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025 don tafiya a cikin Habasha tare da makomarsa a Tafkin Tana. A ranar 8 ga Mayu 2025, jirgin ya isa iyakar Habasha kuma Adama ta karbe shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni. A ƙarshen Afrilu da Yuni, jirgin ya ziyarci [[Addis Ababa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="Tana Nesh II" Arrives in Ethiopia, Set to Revolutionize Lake Tana Transport |url=https://ebc.et/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=11124 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=ebc.et}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * 2025 a Habasha == Manazarta == pwea4j6ebur4bjv3o4qz6tkn0g32uzt 0 152561 841082 2026-05-28T07:26:57Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1219355674|Gereb May Zib'i]]" 841082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb May Zib'i''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Kilte Awulaelo|Kilte Awula'ilo]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . [[Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources|Ofishin Noma da Albarkatun Kasa na Tigray]] ne ya gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa da ke riƙe da madatsar ruwa, don amfanin shayar da dabbobi da kuma amfani da ruwan ɗan adam. == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa shine 0.79&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 3.93&nbsp;km. Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Antalo Limestone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mnazarta == 3bebx7c0ul6ua0chb1esdif2sjcg0r1 841084 841082 2026-05-28T07:27:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb May Zib'i''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Kilte Awulaelo|Kilte Awula'ilo]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . [[Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Natural Resources|Ofishin Noma da Albarkatun Kasa na Tigray]] ne ya gina madatsar ruwa mai ƙasa da ke riƙe da madatsar ruwa, don amfanin shayar da dabbobi da kuma amfani da ruwan ɗan adam. == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun]] magudanar ruwa shine 0.79&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 3.93&nbsp;km. Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Antalo Limestone . Wani ɓangare na ruwan yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mnazarta == jz96xm34uja7dkizfvi6o01a9e3inoe 0 152562 841085 2026-05-28T07:27:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330913065|Zege Peninsula]]" 841085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yankin Zege''' wani yanki ne da ke gefen kudancin Tafkin Tana a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tafkin kofi girma a Habasha da kuma tushen Kogin Blue Nile, kuma yana cikin (11 ° 40 " zuwa 11 ° 43 "N da 37 ° 19 " zuwa 37 ° 21 "E). Yana da nisan kilomita 600 a arewa maso yammacin Addis Ababa, babban birnin Habasha. An dauke shi wuri mai tsarki ga Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha Tewahedo, wanda ke alfahari da masallatai masu yawa na tarihi. Ya bambanta da yankin noma da ke kewaye da shi, yankin Zege sananne ne ga gandun daji mai yawa. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga haramtacciyar addini a yankin kan yankan bishiyoyi, noma ƙasa, da kiwon manyan dabbobi.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin da aka tsara da zuciya da kuma tushen Tafkin Blue Nile Tana yana cikin arewa maso yammacin Habasha a yankin tsakanin Gonder da Gojjam, zuwa arewacin [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]]. Ita ce tafkin da ya fi girma a kasar, a murabba'in kilomita 3600. Tafkin Tana yana da kusan tsibirai 37 kuma yana da kusan gidajen ibada na dā da na tarihi 30 da aka ba da kayan tarihi masu daraja da littattafai na dā da kuma takardu. Tushen ya gano tushe na yawancin masallatai zuwa karni na 14, daga cikin majami'u talatin a tsibirin. A ƙasar da ke kusa da Tafkin Tana, an kafa majami'u bakwai a yankin Zege waɗanda ke mamaye babban yanki wanda ke tura tafkin daga yamma zuwa gabas. Daga cikin masallatai na Zeghie, Mahal Zeghie Georgies da Bete Mariam an yi imanin su ne na farko, kamar yadda a cikin tarihin Betre Mariam an bayyana cewa an kafa sauran majami'u shida bayan kafuwar [[Mehal Zege Giyorgies]]. == Masallatai a yankin Zege == [[Fayil:ET_Amhara_asv2018-02_img071_Lake_Tana_at_Bahir_Dar.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Debre Maryam]] === Debre Maryam === Masallacin Debre Maryam yana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin masallatai na Tafkin Tana, wanda Emperor Tewodros ya gina shi a karni na 19. === Dega Estefanos === An kafa shi a kan tudu a kusa da 100m sama da tafkin, ɗan gajeren tafiya zuwa hanya mai laushi yana kaiwa ga ɗaya daga cikin masallatai masu tsarki, masallacin Dega Estefanos. Wannan gidan ibada yana da sha'awar tarihi na gaske, yana da riguna masu launi mai haske, zane-zane na karni na 16 na [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Madonna]] da ragowar sarakuna biyar na Habasha, wanda aka nuna wa baƙi don kallo a cikin akwatunan zamani, na gilashi. === Narga Selassie === Narga Selassie, wanda ke nufin 'Trinity of the Rest', an gina shi ne a tsibirin Dek, tsibirin mafi girma na Tafkin Tana a ƙarshen karni na 18. Cocin yana daya daga cikin mafi zaman lafiya da yanayi a Tafkin Tana kuma an kafa shi a wuri mai kyau. === Tana Cherkos === Tana Cherkos wani karamin gidan ibada ne na tsibirin inda aka ce an ɓoye Akwatin Alkawari na tsawon shekaru 800 kafin a kawo shi wurin hutawa na ƙarshe a [[Axum|Aksum]]. Yankin tsibirin yana rufe da gandun daji mai yawa wanda shine gida ga manyan gaggafa. Yana ɗaukar kusan sa'o'i uku don isa wannan gidan ibada ta jirgin ruwa daga Bahir Dar. === Kebran Jibra'ilu === Duk da yake an ce yana daya daga cikin kyawawan masallatai na Lake Tana, cocin Kebran Gabriel ba a bude wa jama'a ba. An kafa gidan ibada a karni na 14 kuma an sake gina shi a karni na 17. Tana kusa da Bahir Dar. Rufin zagaye yana goyan bayan ginshiƙai goma sha biyu da aka yi da duwatsu da aka sassaƙa waɗanda ke nuna manzanni goma sha biyu. == Masallatai a yankin Zege == Yankin Zege, wanda gandun daji mai zafi ya rufe shi kuma galibi da shuka mai kofi, yana gefen kudu maso yammacin Tafkin Tana kimanin kilomita 20 a ƙasa da kilomita 15 a kan ruwa daga garin [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] (babban birnin Amhara Regional jihar Habasha). Masallatai masu tarihin tarihi da al'adu masu yawa sun gaya mana cewa Tafkin Tana yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar haɗi tsakanin Habasha da duniyar tsohuwar Girka ta kira shi "Lake Tinted Copper" ko "kyakkyawan Habasha". Masu zaman kansu da ke neman warewa daga duniyar duniya sun kafa [[Ethiopian orthodox Christian monasteries|Masallatai na Orthodox na Habasha]] a farkon bakin tekun Tana da kuma tsibirin daban-daban tun daga karni na 4. Masallacin Mehal Zege Giyorgis shine majagaba daga cikin majami'u bakwai na tarihi da na dā a tsibirin Zeghie kuma an gina shi a karni na 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahar Dar, Ethiopia |url=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/ethiopia/bahar-dar |website=sacred-destinations}}</ref> Ba a yarda mata su shiga wasu gidajen ibada ba. == Manazarta == pp7ihtsm2mu86qhvwlsvt0zhu3ri2tr 841086 841085 2026-05-28T07:27:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Zege''' wani yanki ne da ke gefen kudancin Tafkin Tana a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tafkin kofi girma a Habasha da kuma tushen Kogin Blue Nile, kuma yana cikin (11 ° 40 " zuwa 11 ° 43 "N da 37 ° 19 " zuwa 37 ° 21 "E). Yana da nisan kilomita 600 a arewa maso yammacin Addis Ababa, babban birnin Habasha. An dauke shi wuri mai tsarki ga Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Habasha Tewahedo, wanda ke alfahari da masallatai masu yawa na tarihi. Ya bambanta da yankin noma da ke kewaye da shi, yankin Zege sananne ne ga gandun daji mai yawa. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga haramtacciyar addini a yankin kan yankan bishiyoyi, noma ƙasa, da kiwon manyan dabbobi.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin da aka tsara da zuciya da kuma tushen Tafkin Blue Nile Tana yana cikin arewa maso yammacin Habasha a yankin tsakanin Gonder da Gojjam, zuwa arewacin [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]]. Ita ce tafkin da ya fi girma a kasar, a murabba'in kilomita 3600. Tafkin Tana yana da kusan tsibirai 37 kuma yana da kusan gidajen ibada na dā da na tarihi 30 da aka ba da kayan tarihi masu daraja da littattafai na dā da kuma takardu. Tushen ya gano tushe na yawancin masallatai zuwa karni na 14, daga cikin majami'u talatin a tsibirin. A ƙasar da ke kusa da Tafkin Tana, an kafa majami'u bakwai a yankin Zege waɗanda ke mamaye babban yanki wanda ke tura tafkin daga yamma zuwa gabas. Daga cikin masallatai na Zeghie, Mahal Zeghie Georgies da Bete Mariam an yi imanin su ne na farko, kamar yadda a cikin tarihin Betre Mariam an bayyana cewa an kafa sauran majami'u shida bayan kafuwar [[Mehal Zege Giyorgies]]. == Masallatai a yankin Zege == [[Fayil:ET_Amhara_asv2018-02_img071_Lake_Tana_at_Bahir_Dar.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Debre Maryam]] === Debre Maryam === Masallacin Debre Maryam yana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin masallatai na Tafkin Tana, wanda Emperor Tewodros ya gina shi a karni na 19. === Dega Estefanos === An kafa shi a kan tudu a kusa da 100m sama da tafkin, ɗan gajeren tafiya zuwa hanya mai laushi yana kaiwa ga ɗaya daga cikin masallatai masu tsarki, masallacin Dega Estefanos. Wannan gidan ibada yana da sha'awar tarihi na gaske, yana da riguna masu launi mai haske, zane-zane na karni na 16 na [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Madonna]] da ragowar sarakuna biyar na Habasha, wanda aka nuna wa baƙi don kallo a cikin akwatunan zamani, na gilashi. === Narga Selassie === Narga Selassie, wanda ke nufin 'Trinity of the Rest', an gina shi ne a tsibirin Dek, tsibirin mafi girma na Tafkin Tana a ƙarshen karni na 18. Cocin yana daya daga cikin mafi zaman lafiya da yanayi a Tafkin Tana kuma an kafa shi a wuri mai kyau. === Tana Cherkos === Tana Cherkos wani karamin gidan ibada ne na tsibirin inda aka ce an ɓoye Akwatin Alkawari na tsawon shekaru 800 kafin a kawo shi wurin hutawa na ƙarshe a [[Axum|Aksum]]. Yankin tsibirin yana rufe da gandun daji mai yawa wanda shine gida ga manyan gaggafa. Yana ɗaukar kusan sa'o'i uku don isa wannan gidan ibada ta jirgin ruwa daga Bahir Dar. === Kebran Jibra'ilu === Duk da yake an ce yana daya daga cikin kyawawan masallatai na Lake Tana, cocin Kebran Gabriel ba a bude wa jama'a ba. An kafa gidan ibada a karni na 14 kuma an sake gina shi a karni na 17. Tana kusa da Bahir Dar. Rufin zagaye yana goyan bayan ginshiƙai goma sha biyu da aka yi da duwatsu da aka sassaƙa waɗanda ke nuna manzanni goma sha biyu. == Masallatai a yankin Zege == Yankin Zege, wanda gandun daji mai zafi ya rufe shi kuma galibi da shuka mai kofi, yana gefen kudu maso yammacin Tafkin Tana kimanin kilomita 20 a ƙasa da kilomita 15 a kan ruwa daga garin [[Baher Dar|Bahir Dar]] (babban birnin Amhara Regional jihar Habasha). Masallatai masu tarihin tarihi da al'adu masu yawa sun gaya mana cewa Tafkin Tana yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar haɗi tsakanin Habasha da duniyar tsohuwar Girka ta kira shi "Lake Tinted Copper" ko "kyakkyawan Habasha". Masu zaman kansu da ke neman warewa daga duniyar duniya sun kafa [[Ethiopian orthodox Christian monasteries|Masallatai na Orthodox na Habasha]] a farkon bakin tekun Tana da kuma tsibirin daban-daban tun daga karni na 4. Masallacin Mehal Zege Giyorgis shine majagaba daga cikin majami'u bakwai na tarihi da na dā a tsibirin Zeghie kuma an gina shi a karni na 13.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahar Dar, Ethiopia |url=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/ethiopia/bahar-dar |website=sacred-destinations}}</ref> Ba a yarda mata su shiga wasu gidajen ibada ba. == Manazarta == hkyvat9sasxpojh42hnjaol67ob6fiw 0 152563 841087 2026-05-28T07:28:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314808284|Mim Lake]]" 841087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkinmu''' Mim, wanda aka fi sa [[Ghana]]) Ni da '''Tafkin Anwomasu''', tafkin Inland ne wanda ke kusa da Mim a cikin [[Tano North Municipal District|Gundumar Asunafo ta Arewa]] a [[Yankin Ahafo]] na Ghana . Tafkin wuri ne na yawon bude ido kuma yana da damar zama wurin shakatawa a gefen tafkin. Masu bayyanawa galibi suna ziyartar shi don nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2021 |title=South African High Commission Counselor of Economic Embarks On Two (2) Days Visit To Ahafo Region. |url=https://ahafonews.com/south-african-high-commission-counselor-of-economic-embarks-on-two-2-days-visit-to-ahafo-region/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly |url=http://asunafonorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Owusu |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Ahafo Regional Minister Woos South Africans on potential Investment |url=https://soireenews.com/ahafo-regional-minister-woos-south-africans-on-potential-investment |website=SoireeNews}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mim a 6°55′07′′N 2°33′{{Cvt|1|km|mi}} / 6.91873°N 2.55269°W / 6.7183; -2.55269 yana kan hanyar Mim - kenyasi, kimaNi 1 arewacin Garin Mim. Manyan al'ummomin da ke kewaye da wannan tafkin sune tsoffin wuraren filin jirgin sama na Mim, Asukese, da Nkensere. [[Fayil:Hon_Boadu_@_Mim_Bour.jpg|thumb|Hon. Boadu, mai ba da gudummawa ga Mim Lake]] Wannan [[Tafki|tafkin]] fadada ne na tsohuwar kogin Anwomasu wanda [[Tafki|tafkin halitta]] ne. Faduwar ta juya tafkin na halitta zuwa [[Tafki|Tafkin wucin gadi]] da farko yana aiki da masana'antu da na gida. Bayan shekaru da yawa na amfani, an adana [[Madatsar ruwa|Tafkin]] tare da al'amuran halitta daban-daban a matsayin jan hankalin yawon bude ido. Tafkin yana da nau'o'in tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban. Daga cikin nau'ikan kifi a cikin tafkin akwai cichlid ''hemichromis frempongi'', da cichlids ''tilapia busumana'' da ''T. discolor''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=anwomasu lake - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=anwomasu+lake |website=Google.}}</ref> Wannan Tafkin an haɗa shi da bututun da ke kaiwa ga madatsar ruwa a 6°54′38′′N 2°33′38′′W / 6.9105600°N 2.5605000°W / 6.7105600; -2.5605000, 'yan mita [[Madatsar ruwa|Dam]] Ayum Forest Products Ltd. Wannan madatsar ruwan tana aiki da manufofi na masana'antu da na cikin gida. == Abubuwan da suka faru == Akwai wasu abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban lokacin da mutane biyu, masu shekaru 57 da 31, a lokuta daban-daban suka nitse a cikin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAD STORY AS 57-YEAR-OLD MAN DROWN 3 DAYS AFTER MISSING AT MIM – Rejoicefmonline.com |url=https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2021 |title=AHAFO REGION: Man, 57, drowns in Mim Dam |url=https://myrepubliconline.com/ahafo-region-man-57-drowns-in-mim-dam/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2021 |title=Man found dead in a river |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Man-found-dead-in-a-river-1234051 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == Manazarta == g6vgop2u34m1h949d9eacgpg7ypmc1i 841088 841087 2026-05-28T07:28:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 841088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkinmu''' Mim, wanda aka fi sa [[Ghana]]) Ni da '''Tafkin Anwomasu''', tafkin Inland ne wanda ke kusa da Mim a cikin [[Tano North Municipal District|Gundumar Asunafo ta Arewa]] a [[Yankin Ahafo]] na Ghana . Tafkin wuri ne na yawon bude ido kuma yana da damar zama wurin shakatawa a gefen tafkin. Masu bayyanawa galibi suna ziyartar shi don nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2021 |title=South African High Commission Counselor of Economic Embarks On Two (2) Days Visit To Ahafo Region. |url=https://ahafonews.com/south-african-high-commission-counselor-of-economic-embarks-on-two-2-days-visit-to-ahafo-region/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly |url=http://asunafonorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Owusu |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Ahafo Regional Minister Woos South Africans on potential Investment |url=https://soireenews.com/ahafo-regional-minister-woos-south-africans-on-potential-investment |website=SoireeNews}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mim a 6°55′07′′N 2°33′{{Cvt|1|km|mi}} / 6.91873°N 2.55269°W / 6.7183; -2.55269 yana kan hanyar Mim - kenyasi, kimaNi 1 arewacin Garin Mim. Manyan al'ummomin da ke kewaye da wannan tafkin sune tsoffin wuraren filin jirgin sama na Mim, Asukese, da Nkensere. [[Fayil:Hon_Boadu_@_Mim_Bour.jpg|thumb|Hon. Boadu, mai ba da gudummawa ga Mim Lake]] Wannan [[Tafki|tafkin]] fadada ne na tsohuwar kogin Anwomasu wanda [[Tafki|tafkin halitta]] ne. Faduwar ta juya tafkin na halitta zuwa [[Tafki|Tafkin wucin gadi]] da farko yana aiki da masana'antu da na gida. Bayan shekaru da yawa na amfani, an adana [[Madatsar ruwa|Tafkin]] tare da al'amuran halitta daban-daban a matsayin jan hankalin yawon bude ido. Tafkin yana da nau'o'in tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban. Daga cikin nau'ikan kifi a cikin tafkin akwai cichlid ''hemichromis frempongi'', da cichlids ''tilapia busumana'' da ''T. discolor''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=anwomasu lake - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=anwomasu+lake |website=Google.}}</ref> Wannan Tafkin an haɗa shi da bututun da ke kaiwa ga madatsar ruwa a 6°54′38′′N 2°33′38′′W / 6.9105600°N 2.5605000°W / 6.7105600; -2.5605000, 'yan mita [[Madatsar ruwa|Dam]] Ayum Forest Products Ltd. Wannan madatsar ruwan tana aiki da manufofi na masana'antu da na cikin gida. == Abubuwan da suka faru == Akwai wasu abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban lokacin da mutane biyu, masu shekaru 57 da 31, a lokuta daban-daban suka nitse a cikin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAD STORY AS 57-YEAR-OLD MAN DROWN 3 DAYS AFTER MISSING AT MIM – Rejoicefmonline.com |url=https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2021 |title=AHAFO REGION: Man, 57, drowns in Mim Dam |url=https://myrepubliconline.com/ahafo-region-man-57-drowns-in-mim-dam/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2021 |title=Man found dead in a river |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Man-found-dead-in-a-river-1234051 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8bgzpc09uvqj7dgbwrqoowfxo76hh10 0 152564 841089 2026-05-28T07:28:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187109240|Gereb Bi'ati]]" 841089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb Bi'ati''' tafki ce da ke kusa da Mekelle a cikin yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 2000. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 17&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 578&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 40&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 1005841&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 232728&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 17&nbsp;ha * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 88&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 9.71&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 14.24&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 4960&nbsp;mita. Saboda yiwuwar wucewa ta ruwan da ke cike da laka, madatsar ruwan tana fama da ƙarancin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == cy42a2d35yqy1nfiw6giirbonm3tn2z 841090 841089 2026-05-28T07:29:07Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb Bi'ati''' tafki ce da ke kusa da Mekelle a cikin yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 2000. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 17&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 578&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 40&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 1005841&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 232728&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 17&nbsp;ha * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 88&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 9.71&nbsp;babban murabba'in kilomita², tare da kewayen 14.24&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 4960&nbsp;mita. Saboda yiwuwar wucewa ta ruwan da ke cike da laka, madatsar ruwan tana fama da ƙarancin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] cikin sauri. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale da Mekelle Dolerite. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5wy9zljvf36thhiycqg723yrqng486m 0 152565 841091 2026-05-28T07:29:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344768786|Paga Crocodile Pond]]" 841091 wikitext text/x-wiki Paga Crocodile Pond wani tafki ne mai tsarki a Paga a yankin Gabashin [[Ghana]], wanda ke zaune da aladun Afirka ta Yamma. Saboda abokantaka na dabbobi masu rarrafe, ya zama sananne tsakanin masu yawon bude ido kuma tafkin yanzu ya dogara da yawon bude hankali don tabbatar da yawan crocodiles ya kasance mai cin abinci da lafiya. An kuma san shi da tafkin Chief.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana cikin Paga a yankin Gabas ta Gabas na Ghana, kuma yana da kilomita 44 (27 a wajen Bolgatanga, babban birnin yankin. Yankin Yammacin Afirka ne ke zaune a ciki, tare da wasu har zuwa shekaru 90. Yankunan suna da kyau sosai har yara na yankin zasu iya yin iyo a cikin tafkin tare da su ba tare da an cutar da su ba. Paga an san shi da ciBiya kasuwanci na ƙarni da yawa kuma kusa da iyakar [[Burkina Faso]]. A lokacin 'yan kasuwa na bayi a tsakiyar shekarun 1800, mutanen Yamma sun yi amfani da Paga a matsayin ƙofar zuwa [[Tekun Guinea]] wanda ke nunawa daga arewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Kodayake aladu na Paga suna da tausayi, akwai lokuta inda suke kuskuren mutane da dabbobi. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan haɗarin ba su haifar da rauni a tarihi ba. Baya ga babban tafkin giwa wanda ke cikin tsakiyar garin Paga, akwai wasu da yawa a cikin unguwanni. == Gudun Hijira == Yawancin madatsun ruwa a cikin Paga suna da akalla aladu goma, mafi yawansu na iya ƙaura daga al'ummomin da ke kusa. Sau da yawa ƙaura tana faruwa da dare lokacin da crocs ke shiga cikin bishiyoyi zuwa cikin ruwa mafi kusa. Sau da yawa, crocodiles suna motsawa tsakanin tafkuna yayin tsiro - daga Yuli zuwa Agusta - wanda ke ba su murfin da mutane ke gani. Kamar crocodiles na daji, uwar crocodiels suna ɗauke da sabbin 'ya'yansu a bakinsu daga bakin yashi zuwa ruwa. Mahaifiyar crocodiles sai ta samar da tsaro ga yara har sai sun iya farauta don kansu. == Barazanar wanzuwarsu == Kada a Paga na fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa waɗanda ke lalata wanzuwarsu. Na farko, sauyin yanayi yana haifar da mummunan yanayi ga wanzuwarsu. Yawan ruwa da ke bushewa a lokacin rani, yana barin kada a yi tafiya tsakanin ruwa duk shekara. Na biyu, tare da ƙaruwar matakan samun kuɗi, birane da haɓaka ababen more rayuwa a gefen madatsun ruwa, kada a yanzu ba su da wurare na sirri. Kame madatsun ruwa da ke kewaye yana iyakance wanzuwar kada dangane da kiwo. Na uku, yunwa tana haifar da barazana saboda tushen abinci yana raguwa. Kada a zahiri suna farautar abinci a daji. Duk da haka, fari da sauyin yanayi ya haifar yana nufin bambancin abincinsu yana raguwa. Kada a Paga Ponds suna fafatawa da mutane don samun sauran kifaye a cikin ruwa. A cikin babban tafkin, suna dogara ne kawai akan kaji da masu yawon buɗe ido suka kawo. Bugu da ƙari, kada a karkara ba sa samun irin wannan magani, ta haka ne za su bar su ga makomarsu. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Tapping_of_crocodile_at_Paga_crocodile_pond.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Wani mutum yana taɓawa a kan giwa a tafkin giwa na Paga]] Asalin da aka fada a cikin gida na tafkin shi ne cewa wani giwa ya kawo wani mutum mai mutuwa zuwa tafkin don sha, wanda, bayan ya tsira, ya bayyana tafkin a matsayin mai tsarki kuma kada ya zama lahani ga giwayen. Wannan labari na crocodiles an yi iƙirarin ya koma kimanin shekaru 600. Ana ɗaukar aladu a matsayin totems ga waɗannan mutanen yankin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani labari ya bayyana cewa [[zaki]] ya makale wani mutum a gefen ruwa, lokacin da ya yi ciniki da wani giwa cewa babu wani daga cikin 'ya'yansa da zai cutar da jinsinsa idan ya kashe zaki. An yi imanin cewa rayukan mutanen Paga suna zaune a cikin waɗannan aladu.<ref name="joynews" /> Laifi ne a kashe crocodiles a Paga, ko cin naman crocodile.<ref name="danger">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2009 |title=Paga Crocodile Pond In Danger |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Paga-Crocodile-Pond-In-Danger-168335 |access-date=1 November 2016 |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == Manazarta == hcw4yksdtky0jvifi04s8pcyj00mjnd 841092 841091 2026-05-28T07:30:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 841092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paga Crocodile Pond wani tafki ne mai tsarki a Paga a yankin Gabashin [[Ghana]], wanda ke zaune da aladun Afirka ta Yamma. Saboda abokantaka na dabbobi masu rarrafe, ya zama sananne tsakanin masu yawon bude ido kuma tafkin yanzu ya dogara da yawon bude hankali don tabbatar da yawan crocodiles ya kasance mai cin abinci da lafiya. An kuma san shi da tafkin Chief.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana cikin Paga a yankin Gabas ta Gabas na Ghana, kuma yana da kilomita 44 (27 a wajen Bolgatanga, babban birnin yankin. Yankin Yammacin Afirka ne ke zaune a ciki, tare da wasu har zuwa shekaru 90. Yankunan suna da kyau sosai har yara na yankin zasu iya yin iyo a cikin tafkin tare da su ba tare da an cutar da su ba. Paga an san shi da ciBiya kasuwanci na ƙarni da yawa kuma kusa da iyakar [[Burkina Faso]]. A lokacin 'yan kasuwa na bayi a tsakiyar shekarun 1800, mutanen Yamma sun yi amfani da Paga a matsayin ƙofar zuwa [[Tekun Guinea]] wanda ke nunawa daga arewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Kodayake aladu na Paga suna da tausayi, akwai lokuta inda suke kuskuren mutane da dabbobi. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan haɗarin ba su haifar da rauni a tarihi ba. Baya ga babban tafkin giwa wanda ke cikin tsakiyar garin Paga, akwai wasu da yawa a cikin unguwanni. == Gudun Hijira == Yawancin madatsun ruwa a cikin Paga suna da akalla aladu goma, mafi yawansu na iya ƙaura daga al'ummomin da ke kusa. Sau da yawa ƙaura tana faruwa da dare lokacin da crocs ke shiga cikin bishiyoyi zuwa cikin ruwa mafi kusa. Sau da yawa, crocodiles suna motsawa tsakanin tafkuna yayin tsiro - daga Yuli zuwa Agusta - wanda ke ba su murfin da mutane ke gani. Kamar crocodiles na daji, uwar crocodiels suna ɗauke da sabbin 'ya'yansu a bakinsu daga bakin yashi zuwa ruwa. Mahaifiyar crocodiles sai ta samar da tsaro ga yara har sai sun iya farauta don kansu. == Barazanar wanzuwarsu == Kada a Paga na fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa waɗanda ke lalata wanzuwarsu. Na farko, sauyin yanayi yana haifar da mummunan yanayi ga wanzuwarsu. Yawan ruwa da ke bushewa a lokacin rani, yana barin kada a yi tafiya tsakanin ruwa duk shekara. Na biyu, tare da ƙaruwar matakan samun kuɗi, birane da haɓaka ababen more rayuwa a gefen madatsun ruwa, kada a yanzu ba su da wurare na sirri. Kame madatsun ruwa da ke kewaye yana iyakance wanzuwar kada dangane da kiwo. Na uku, yunwa tana haifar da barazana saboda tushen abinci yana raguwa. Kada a zahiri suna farautar abinci a daji. Duk da haka, fari da sauyin yanayi ya haifar yana nufin bambancin abincinsu yana raguwa. Kada a Paga Ponds suna fafatawa da mutane don samun sauran kifaye a cikin ruwa. A cikin babban tafkin, suna dogara ne kawai akan kaji da masu yawon buɗe ido suka kawo. Bugu da ƙari, kada a karkara ba sa samun irin wannan magani, ta haka ne za su bar su ga makomarsu. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Tapping_of_crocodile_at_Paga_crocodile_pond.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Wani mutum yana taɓawa a kan giwa a tafkin giwa na Paga]] Asalin da aka fada a cikin gida na tafkin shi ne cewa wani giwa ya kawo wani mutum mai mutuwa zuwa tafkin don sha, wanda, bayan ya tsira, ya bayyana tafkin a matsayin mai tsarki kuma kada ya zama lahani ga giwayen. Wannan labari na crocodiles an yi iƙirarin ya koma kimanin shekaru 600. Ana ɗaukar aladu a matsayin totems ga waɗannan mutanen yankin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana {{!}} Zenga (Paga) Crocodile Pond |url=https://visitghana.com/directories/paga-crocodile-pond-slave-camp/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani labari ya bayyana cewa [[zaki]] ya makale wani mutum a gefen ruwa, lokacin da ya yi ciniki da wani giwa cewa babu wani daga cikin 'ya'yansa da zai cutar da jinsinsa idan ya kashe zaki. An yi imanin cewa rayukan mutanen Paga suna zaune a cikin waɗannan aladu.<ref name="joynews" /> Laifi ne a kashe crocodiles a Paga, ko cin naman crocodile.<ref name="danger">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2009 |title=Paga Crocodile Pond In Danger |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Paga-Crocodile-Pond-In-Danger-168335 |access-date=1 November 2016 |publisher=GhanaWeb}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2xqh59pxjdyi1tusidyc65eol3d9cm5 0 152566 841093 2026-05-28T07:30:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339955555|Lagoas Cufada Natural Park]]" 841093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park''' ( Portuguese ) wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2000. Ya ƙunshi faɗin fili mai faɗin murabba'in mita 890.&nbsp;km {{Sup|2}} Ita ce yankin farko da aka kare a Guinea-Bissau. An sanya mata suna dausayin Ramsar a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagoa de Cufada {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/469 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == An bayar da rahoton cewa Chimpanzees suna zaune a cikin wurin shakatawa, suna yin gidaje a cikin dabino na mai, amma cikakkun bayanai game da yawan jama'a da girman jama'a a cikin yankin da aka kare. Sauran dabbobi da aka samu a cikin wurin shakatawa sun hada da Hippopotamus, waterbuck, [[Gwamki|Roan antelope]], kob, [[Bay duiker]], buffalo na Afirka, king colobus, yammacin ja colobus, leopard, [[Kura (dabba)|hyenas]], African manatee da dwarf crocodile. An sanya wurin shakatawa a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lagoas de Cufada |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lagoas-de-cufada-iba-guinea-bissau |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6e2zj0qa77h85gotd1o30g9v220voi1 841095 841093 2026-05-28T07:30:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 841095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park''' ( Portuguese ) wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2000. Ya ƙunshi faɗin fili mai faɗin murabba'in mita 890.&nbsp;km {{Sup|2}} Ita ce yankin farko da aka kare a Guinea-Bissau. An sanya mata suna dausayin Ramsar a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagoa de Cufada {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/469 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == An bayar da rahoton cewa Chimpanzees suna zaune a cikin wurin shakatawa, suna yin gidaje a cikin dabino na mai, amma cikakkun bayanai game da yawan jama'a da girman jama'a a cikin yankin da aka kare. Sauran dabbobi da aka samu a cikin wurin shakatawa sun hada da Hippopotamus, waterbuck, [[Gwamki|Roan antelope]], kob, [[Bay duiker]], buffalo na Afirka, king colobus, yammacin ja colobus, leopard, [[Kura (dabba)|hyenas]], African manatee da dwarf crocodile. An sanya wurin shakatawa a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lagoas de Cufada |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lagoas-de-cufada-iba-guinea-bissau |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Manazarta == i4r98q3lg7x5pf21dnyc073do5xktfg 0 152567 841094 2026-05-28T07:30:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1219221585|Gereb Awso]]" 841094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereb Awso''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 10.5&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 196&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 3&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 118944&nbsp;m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar Matattu]] : 3944&nbsp;m ³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 2.12&nbsp;ha == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 9&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 5&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa shine 1.21&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 4.62&nbsp;kilomita da tsawon 1780&nbsp;mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == nxfs9rn0tv7viwrec82lc3ubjw642lc 841096 841094 2026-05-28T07:30:56Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gereb Awso''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' [[Enderta (Ethiopian District)|Inderta]] ta yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 10.5&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 196&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 3&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 118944&nbsp;m ³ * [[Dead storage|Ma'ajiyar Matattu]] : 3944&nbsp;m ³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 2.12&nbsp;ha == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 9&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 5&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa shine 1.21&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 4.62&nbsp;kilomita da tsawon 1780&nbsp;mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == eu2ndjlxo4th2orh0xei6tdwithozbz 0 152568 841097 2026-05-28T07:32:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338369359|Fishing industry in Ethiopia]]" 841097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:ET_Amhara_asv2018-02_img062_Lake_Tana_at_Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Tana]] Kamun kifi na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] gaba ɗaya ruwan sha ne, a cikin tafkuna, koguna, da magudanan ruwa da yawa, domin ba ta da gabar teku ta ruwa. Kamun kifi ya ba da gudummawar ƙasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na jimillar kayayyakin da ake samarwa a cikin gida a shekarar 1987. Wani bincike ya ruwaito cewa an kama tan 15,389 a shekarar 2001, kashi 30% ne kawai na kimar da aka kiyasta na tan 51,481. Ana cinye sabbin kifaye a kusa da tafkunan Great Rift Valley . A wajen waɗannan yankuna, kasuwar kifi ta cikin gida ƙarama ce. Abubuwa biyu ne suka haifar da wannan ƙarancin yawan cin kifi a yankin. Na farko, ba a haɗa kifi cikin abincin yawancin jama'a ba. Na biyu, saboda tasirin addini kan yanayin cin abinci, buƙatar kifi tana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin yanayi. Misali, a lokacin Azumi, [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] waɗanda suka guji cin nama, madara, da ƙwai suna cin kifi. Duk da cewa Tsarin Ci Gaban Noma na Biyu na Shekaru Biyar (2001-2005) ya shimfida wasu manufofi don inganta yawan amfanin kamun kifi a Habasha, har yanzu akwai wasu matsaloli da ba a magance su ba. Dokokin tarayya da na jiha game da kamun kifi na kasuwanci ba su wanzu ba har zuwa 2002/2003. Wannan ya haifar da kamun kifi fiye da kima a wasu yankuna. Wasu nau'ikan halittu masu mahimmanci a fannin kasuwanci sun riga sun sha wahala daga [[Wuce gona da Iri|yawan amfani da su]], ciki har da kogin Nil a [[Tafkin Chamo]], da kuma tilapia a [[Tafkin Hawassa|Tafkunan Awasa]] da [[Hora-Dambal|Zway]] . Babban kamun kifi yana cikin [[Tafkin Tana]], babban tafki a ƙasar. == Manazarta == nw0978sx0ap1d5bodcos5d871dtxdye 841098 841097 2026-05-28T07:32:18Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ET_Amhara_asv2018-02_img062_Lake_Tana_at_Gorgora.jpg|thumb|Masunta a Tafkin Tana]] Kamun kifi na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] gaba ɗaya ruwan sha ne, a cikin tafkuna, koguna, da magudanan ruwa da yawa, domin ba ta da gabar teku ta ruwa. Kamun kifi ya ba da gudummawar ƙasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na jimillar kayayyakin da ake samarwa a cikin gida a shekarar 1987. Wani bincike ya ruwaito cewa an kama tan 15,389 a shekarar 2001, kashi 30% ne kawai na kimar da aka kiyasta na tan 51,481. Ana cinye sabbin kifaye a kusa da tafkunan Great Rift Valley . A wajen waɗannan yankuna, kasuwar kifi ta cikin gida ƙarama ce. Abubuwa biyu ne suka haifar da wannan ƙarancin yawan cin kifi a yankin. Na farko, ba a haɗa kifi cikin abincin yawancin jama'a ba. Na biyu, saboda tasirin addini kan yanayin cin abinci, buƙatar kifi tana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin yanayi. Misali, a lokacin Azumi, [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] waɗanda suka guji cin nama, madara, da ƙwai suna cin kifi. Duk da cewa Tsarin Ci Gaban Noma na Biyu na Shekaru Biyar (2001-2005) ya shimfida wasu manufofi don inganta yawan amfanin kamun kifi a Habasha, har yanzu akwai wasu matsaloli da ba a magance su ba. Dokokin tarayya da na jiha game da kamun kifi na kasuwanci ba su wanzu ba har zuwa 2002/2003. Wannan ya haifar da kamun kifi fiye da kima a wasu yankuna. Wasu nau'ikan halittu masu mahimmanci a fannin kasuwanci sun riga sun sha wahala daga [[Wuce gona da Iri|yawan amfani da su]], ciki har da kogin Nil a [[Tafkin Chamo]], da kuma tilapia a [[Tafkin Hawassa|Tafkunan Awasa]] da [[Hora-Dambal|Zway]] . Babban kamun kifi yana cikin [[Tafkin Tana]], babban tafki a ƙasar. == Manazarta == 35lkui0k1bk8p1lvr380jcib1k1wdlm 0 152569 841099 2026-05-28T07:32:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345335556|Lake Baringo]]" 841099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Baringo''', bayan [[Tafkin Turkana]], mafi arewacin tabkuna na Kenyan Rift Valley, tare da yanki na kilomita 130 (50 sq da tsawo na mita 970 (3,180 . Koguna da yawa ne ke ciyar da tafkin: [[Molo River|Molo]], Perkerra da Ol Arabel . Ba shi da wata hanyar fita; ana zaton ruwan ya shiga cikin tafkin a cikin dutsen dutse mai fitattun wuta. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi a cikin Rift Valley a Kenya, ɗayan kuma shine [[Tafkin Naivasha]]. Tafkin yana cikin wani yanki mai zafi da ƙura mai nisa tare da fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 470, wani lokaci ciki har da flamingos masu ƙaura. Wani Goliath heronry yana kan wani dutse tsibiri a cikin tafkin da aka sani da Gibraltar . Ludwig Krapf da J. Rebmann ne suka fara bayar da rahoton kasancewar Tafkin Baringo a Turai, mishaneri na Jamus da ke zaune a Mombasa, game da 1850; a cikin taswirar J. H. Speke na tushen Nilu (1863) Baringo ya rikice da Kavirondo Gulf na Victoria Nyanza; ya kasance a cikin taswira na Sir H. M. Stanley (1877) a matsayin babban takardar ruwa NE na Victoria Nyança. Joseph Thomson, a cikin tafiyarsa ta ƙasar Masai a 1883, shi ne Turai don ganin tafkin da kuma gyara ra'ayoyin da suka wuce gona da iri game da girmansa. Hadisin asalin, duk da haka, ya tabbatar da cewa tafkin ya taɓa rufe yanki mafi girma.{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana daga cikin tsarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka. Tuddan Tugen, wani kuskuren kuskuren dutsen wuta da dutsen metamorphic, yana yammacin tafkin. Laikipia Escarpment yana gabas. Ruwa yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Mau Hills da Tugen Hills. Yana da mahimman mazauni da mafaka ga fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye da dabbobi 500, wasu daga cikin nau'in nau'in ruwa masu ƙaura suna da mahimmanci a yankin da kuma duniya. Tafkin kuma yana ba da wurin zama ga nau'ikan kifi na ruwa mai laushi guda bakwai. Ɗaya, ''Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis'' (ƙananan nau'in Nilu), yana cikin tafkin. Kifi na tafkin yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gida. Bugu da ƙari yankin mazaunin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa ciki har da Hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), giwayen Nilu (''Crocodylus niloticus'') da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe da al'ummomin da ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name="kenyabirds">{{Cite web |title=Kenya Birds - baringo |url=http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302021900/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm |archive-date=2008-03-02 |access-date=2008-03-17 |publisher=www.kenyabirds.org.uk}}</ref> Duk da yake hannun jari na Nile tilapia a cikin tafkin yanzu sun ragu, raguwar wannan nau'in ya nuna ta hanyar nasarar wani, marmara lungfish (''Protopterus aethiopicus'') wanda aka gabatar da shi a tafkin a 1974 kuma wanda yanzu ke samar da mafi yawan kifi daga tafkin. An rage matakan ruwa ta hanyar fari da yawan ban ruwa. Tafkin yawanci yana da turbid tare da turɓaya, wani bangare saboda tsananin rushewar ƙasa a yankin da aka karɓa, musamman a filin Loboi a kudancin tafkin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Adamba |first=Stephanie Wangare Kamau |last2=Otachi |first2=Elick Onyango |last3=Ong’ondo |first3=Geoffrey Odhiambo |date=2020-02-19 |title=Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya |journal=Acta Parasitologica |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=441–451 |doi=10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2 |issn=1230-2821 |pmid=32077035 |s2cid=211171158}}</ref> Halin ƙasar a cikin unguwar tafkin shine "dutse" na ƙwari (fararen tururuwa). Su ne ginshiƙai masu zurfi 10 zuwa 12 ft. tsawo kuma daga 1 ft. zuwa 18 in. mai faɗi. mafi girma kudu, kusan ba a san shi ba a wasu wurare a Gabashin Afirka, yana zaune a gefen Laikipia escarpment zuwa gabashin tafkin kuma yana zuwa tuddai da ke kusa da Baringo don ciyarwa.{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa akwai dangantaka mai kyau da mara kyau tsakanin wasu sigogi na ingancin ruwa da yaduwar kwayar cutar da aka dawo da ita. ''O. niloticus baringoensis'' daga Tafkin Baringo kuma ya rubuta babban yaduwar kwayar cuta kuma wannan yana kira ga wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin da zai iya tasowa daga amfani da kifin da ba a dafa shi ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Adamba |first=Stephanie Wangare Kamau |last2=Otachi |first2=Elick Onyango |last3=Ong’ondo |first3=Geoffrey Odhiambo |date=2020-02-19 |title=Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya |journal=Acta Parasitologica |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=441–451 |doi=10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2 |issn=1230-2821 |pmid=32077035 |s2cid=211171158}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdambaOtachiOng’ondo2020">Adamba, Stephanie Wangare Kamau; Otachi, Elick Onyango; Ong’ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo (2020-02-19). </cite></ref> Tafkin yana da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa, mafi girma shine [[Ol Kokwe Island|Tsibirin Ol Kokwe]] . Ol Kokwe, cibiyar dutsen mai fitattun wuta da ke da alaƙa da dutsen mai fashewa na Korosi a arewacin tafkin, tana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da fumaroles da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun haifar da asusun sulfur. Wani rukuni na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi suna fitowa tare da bakin teku a Soro kusa da kusurwar arewa maso gabashin tsibirin. Yawancin mahimman wuraren tarihi da palaeontological, wasu daga cikinsu sun samar da burbushin hominoids da hominins, suna cikin jerin abubuwan da ke cikin Miocene zuwa Pleistocene na Tugen Hills. Babban garin da ke kusa da tafkin shine Marigat, yayin da ƙananan ƙauyuka suka haɗa da [[Kampi ya Samaki|Kampi da Samaki]] da Loruk . Yankin yana ƙara ziyartar masu yawon bude ido kuma yana a kudancin ƙarshen yankin Kenya wanda yawancin kabilun makiyaya suka haɗa da Il Chamus, Rendille, Turkana da Kalenjin. Gidaje, (hotal, gidajen cin abinci da wuraren shakatawa) da kuma ayyukan jirgin ruwa suna samuwa a da kusa da Kampi-Ya-Samaki a bakin yamma, da kuma tsibirai da yawa a cikin tafkin.<ref name="Lake Baringo"> {{Cite web |title=Lake Baringo |url=http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115084108/http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=www.lake-baringo.com}}</ref> Wani rahoto na Gwamnatin Kenya a cikin 2021 ya kiyasta cewa yankin tafkin Baringo ya karu da sama da 100% zuwa murabba'in kilomita 268 a cikin lokacin 2010-2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP}}</ref> An ambaliya ƙauyukan da ke gefen tafkin kuma mutane sun rasa muhallinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sami karuwa a cikin yawan dabbobi kamar su crocodiles, tare da hulɗa tsakanin waɗannan dabbobi da mutane. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fntg1wz86n3l4ol5ubsndyiil7844dc 841100 841099 2026-05-28T07:33:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 841100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Baringo''', bayan [[Tafkin Turkana]], mafi arewacin tabkuna na Kenyan Rift Valley, tare da yanki na kilomita 130 (50 sq da tsawo na mita 970 (3,180 . Koguna da yawa ne ke ciyar da tafkin: [[Molo River|Molo]], Perkerra da Ol Arabel . Ba shi da wata hanyar fita; ana zaton ruwan ya shiga cikin tafkin a cikin dutsen dutse mai fitattun wuta. Yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi a cikin Rift Valley a Kenya, ɗayan kuma shine [[Tafkin Naivasha]]. Tafkin yana cikin wani yanki mai zafi da ƙura mai nisa tare da fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 470, wani lokaci ciki har da flamingos masu ƙaura. Wani Goliath heronry yana kan wani dutse tsibiri a cikin tafkin da aka sani da Gibraltar . Ludwig Krapf da J. Rebmann ne suka fara bayar da rahoton kasancewar Tafkin Baringo a Turai, mishaneri na Jamus da ke zaune a Mombasa, game da 1850; a cikin taswirar J. H. Speke na tushen Nilu (1863) Baringo ya rikice da Kavirondo Gulf na Victoria Nyanza; ya kasance a cikin taswira na Sir H. M. Stanley (1877) a matsayin babban takardar ruwa NE na Victoria Nyança. Joseph Thomson, a cikin tafiyarsa ta ƙasar Masai a 1883, shi ne Turai don ganin tafkin da kuma gyara ra'ayoyin da suka wuce gona da iri game da girmansa. Hadisin asalin, duk da haka, ya tabbatar da cewa tafkin ya taɓa rufe yanki mafi girma.{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana daga cikin tsarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka. Tuddan Tugen, wani kuskuren kuskuren dutsen wuta da dutsen metamorphic, yana yammacin tafkin. Laikipia Escarpment yana gabas. Ruwa yana gudana cikin tafkin daga Mau Hills da Tugen Hills. Yana da mahimman mazauni da mafaka ga fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye da dabbobi 500, wasu daga cikin nau'in nau'in ruwa masu ƙaura suna da mahimmanci a yankin da kuma duniya. Tafkin kuma yana ba da wurin zama ga nau'ikan kifi na ruwa mai laushi guda bakwai. Ɗaya, ''Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis'' (ƙananan nau'in Nilu), yana cikin tafkin. Kifi na tafkin yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gida. Bugu da ƙari yankin mazaunin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa ciki har da Hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), giwayen Nilu (''Crocodylus niloticus'') da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa, amphibians, dabbobi masu rarrafe da al'ummomin da ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name="kenyabirds">{{Cite web |title=Kenya Birds - baringo |url=http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302021900/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm |archive-date=2008-03-02 |access-date=2008-03-17 |publisher=www.kenyabirds.org.uk}}</ref> Duk da yake hannun jari na Nile tilapia a cikin tafkin yanzu sun ragu, raguwar wannan nau'in ya nuna ta hanyar nasarar wani, marmara lungfish (''Protopterus aethiopicus'') wanda aka gabatar da shi a tafkin a 1974 kuma wanda yanzu ke samar da mafi yawan kifi daga tafkin. An rage matakan ruwa ta hanyar fari da yawan ban ruwa. Tafkin yawanci yana da turbid tare da turɓaya, wani bangare saboda tsananin rushewar ƙasa a yankin da aka karɓa, musamman a filin Loboi a kudancin tafkin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Adamba |first=Stephanie Wangare Kamau |last2=Otachi |first2=Elick Onyango |last3=Ong’ondo |first3=Geoffrey Odhiambo |date=2020-02-19 |title=Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya |journal=Acta Parasitologica |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=441–451 |doi=10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2 |issn=1230-2821 |pmid=32077035 |s2cid=211171158}}</ref> Halin ƙasar a cikin unguwar tafkin shine "dutse" na ƙwari (fararen tururuwa). Su ne ginshiƙai masu zurfi 10 zuwa 12 ft. tsawo kuma daga 1 ft. zuwa 18 in. mai faɗi. mafi girma kudu, kusan ba a san shi ba a wasu wurare a Gabashin Afirka, yana zaune a gefen Laikipia escarpment zuwa gabashin tafkin kuma yana zuwa tuddai da ke kusa da Baringo don ciyarwa.{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa akwai dangantaka mai kyau da mara kyau tsakanin wasu sigogi na ingancin ruwa da yaduwar kwayar cutar da aka dawo da ita. ''O. niloticus baringoensis'' daga Tafkin Baringo kuma ya rubuta babban yaduwar kwayar cuta kuma wannan yana kira ga wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin da zai iya tasowa daga amfani da kifin da ba a dafa shi ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Adamba |first=Stephanie Wangare Kamau |last2=Otachi |first2=Elick Onyango |last3=Ong’ondo |first3=Geoffrey Odhiambo |date=2020-02-19 |title=Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya |journal=Acta Parasitologica |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=441–451 |doi=10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2 |issn=1230-2821 |pmid=32077035 |s2cid=211171158}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdambaOtachiOng’ondo2020">Adamba, Stephanie Wangare Kamau; Otachi, Elick Onyango; Ong’ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo (2020-02-19). </cite></ref> Tafkin yana da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa, mafi girma shine [[Ol Kokwe Island|Tsibirin Ol Kokwe]] . Ol Kokwe, cibiyar dutsen mai fitattun wuta da ke da alaƙa da dutsen mai fashewa na Korosi a arewacin tafkin, tana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da fumaroles da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun haifar da asusun sulfur. Wani rukuni na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi suna fitowa tare da bakin teku a Soro kusa da kusurwar arewa maso gabashin tsibirin. Yawancin mahimman wuraren tarihi da palaeontological, wasu daga cikinsu sun samar da burbushin hominoids da hominins, suna cikin jerin abubuwan da ke cikin Miocene zuwa Pleistocene na Tugen Hills. Babban garin da ke kusa da tafkin shine Marigat, yayin da ƙananan ƙauyuka suka haɗa da [[Kampi ya Samaki|Kampi da Samaki]] da Loruk . Yankin yana ƙara ziyartar masu yawon bude ido kuma yana a kudancin ƙarshen yankin Kenya wanda yawancin kabilun makiyaya suka haɗa da Il Chamus, Rendille, Turkana da Kalenjin. Gidaje, (hotal, gidajen cin abinci da wuraren shakatawa) da kuma ayyukan jirgin ruwa suna samuwa a da kusa da Kampi-Ya-Samaki a bakin yamma, da kuma tsibirai da yawa a cikin tafkin.<ref name="Lake Baringo"> {{Cite web |title=Lake Baringo |url=http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115084108/http://www.lake-baringo.com/rift/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&Itemid=10 |archive-date=2012-01-15 |access-date=2012-02-16 |publisher=www.lake-baringo.com}}</ref> Wani rahoto na Gwamnatin Kenya a cikin 2021 ya kiyasta cewa yankin tafkin Baringo ya karu da sama da 100% zuwa murabba'in kilomita 268 a cikin lokacin 2010-2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Kenya Government and UNDP}}</ref> An ambaliya ƙauyukan da ke gefen tafkin kuma mutane sun rasa muhallinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sami karuwa a cikin yawan dabbobi kamar su crocodiles, tare da hulɗa tsakanin waɗannan dabbobi da mutane. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e7ls5ur7ks1lzxgao9yuzi0hzqv3v7w 0 152570 841101 2026-05-28T07:33:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1216310523|Filiglig]]" 841101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filiglig''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 14&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 325&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 296000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 20832&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 6.5&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 30. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 20&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 3&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na ma'ajiyar ruwa ya kai 7.44&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 14.23&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 5840&nbsp;Mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Mekelle Dolerite da Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == id3ybjg5fcam6b9sukj2732wrcekkuv 841102 841101 2026-05-28T07:33:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Filiglig''' tafki ce da ke cikin ''gundumar'' [[Hintalo Wajirat]] na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Kamfanin SAERT ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1998. == Halayen Dam == * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 14&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 325&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali ƙarfinsa: 296000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 20832&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 6.5&nbsp;ha A shekarar 2002, an kiyasta tsawon rayuwar ma'adanin ruwa (tsawon lokacin da aka yi kafin a cike shi da laka) zuwa shekaru 30. == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 20&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 3&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na ma'ajiyar ruwa ya kai 7.44&nbsp;km ² babba, tare da kewaye na 14.23&nbsp;kilomita da tsawonsa ya kai 5840&nbsp;Mita. Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine Mekelle Dolerite da Agula Shale. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0soyg9rmaw3bm85imq5t0et1n4qrv93 0 152571 841103 2026-05-28T07:34:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1281110682|Lake Bogoria]]" 841103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Bogoria''' (tsohon Tafkin Hannington) tafkin saline ne, alkaline wanda ke cikin yankin [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]] a cikin rabin tafkin da ke kudu da Tafkin Baringo, [[Kenya]], dan kadan a arewa ma'auni. Tafkin Bogoria, kamar [[Tafkin Nakuru]], Tafkin Elementeita, da Tafkin Magadi a kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Rift Valley]], da Tafkin Logipi a arewa, lokaci-lokaci gida ne ga ɗayan mafi yawan jama'ar duniya na ƙananan flamingos. Tafkin wuri ne na Ramsar kuma Tafkin Bogoria National Reserve ya kasance mai kariya ta kasa tun daga ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1973. == Tarihi == An ba da sunan tafkin ne bayan mishan na Anglican James Hannington wanda ya ziyarci a 1885. [[Fayil:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17972717398).jpg|center|thumb|Tafkin Hannington (hoton farkon karni na 20) ]] == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Bogoria yana cikin yankin Baringo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Bogoria National Reserve Management Plan |url=https://www.baringo.go.ke/resource/lake-bogoria-reserve-management-plan/?tk=MTgwMA== |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=baringo.go.ke}}</ref> kimanin kilomita 120 a arewacin birnin Nakuru da kilomita 240 a arewacin [[Nairobi]]. <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> Yana cikin kwarin Rift na Gregorian.<ref name="ramsarRIS" /> Ya kasance wani ɓangare na tafkin ruwa mai laushi mafi girma, ya haɗu da Tafkin Baringo na yanzu. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton tauraron dan adam a saman wannan shafin, an raba shi cikin ɓangarori uku: babban tsakiya daya da ƙananan biyu a arewa da kudu. Yankunan biyu da suka raba waɗannan lobes ba su da zurfi, sills da ke sarrafawa a Nyalibuch da Mwanassis.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Akwai saɓani game da tsawo. Ramsar na Unesco yana ba da {{Cvt|963|m}}.<ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> Mafi daidaito - kuma mafi hankali - , {{Harvard citation no brackets|Renaut|Owen|1991}} sun ba da ''[[wiktionary:circa|c.]]'' 990 m tun daga watan Agusta 1977, amma kuma sun nuna cewa matakin tafkin yana canzawa ta hanyar yanayi da 50 zuwa 100 cm; kuma yana iya bambanta da mita da yawa na gajeren lokaci, bayan ya canza tsakanin c. 988 da c. 996 m a cikin karni na 20. {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Yankunan bakin tekun da ke kewaye da bakin tekun, waɗanda aka yi da dutse mai laushi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna nuna matakan tafkin mafi girma daga Pleistocene da Holocene.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Ana iya ganinsu a kashi 45% na matakin yanzu, kuma wasu suna da kimanin 9 m sama da bakin teku na yanzu.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A cikin 1991 matsakaicin tsawon shine {{Cvt|17.6|km}} kuma faɗin sa ya kasance daga {{Cvt|0.5|km}} zuwa {{Cvt|3.6|km}} . {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} The [[Ruwan ruwa|drainage basin]] is {{Cvt|700|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Bogoria Ramsar site and catchment area |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/48385794/pictures/KE1097_map1602.pdf |website=rsis.ramsar.org |type=map}}</ref> The lowest point of the [[Raba magudanan ruwa|drainage divide]] is at 999 m near Loboi village; when the level of the lake reaches that altitude, its waters flow northward in lake Baringo [[Ruwan ruwa|drainage basin]].{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A shekarar 1978, an rubuta mafi girman zurfinsa a matsayin {{Cvt|12|m}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vareschi |first=Ekkehard |date=January 1978 |title=The ecology of Lake Nakuru (Kenya) I. Abundance and feeding of the lesser flamingo |journal=Oecologia (Berl.) |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=11–35 |doi=10.1007/BF00344687}} Cited in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}}.</ref> ko {{Cvt|11.5|m}}, da {{Harvard citation no brackets|Renaut|Owen|1991}} sun yi daidai cewa wannan yana cikin babban kwano ko lobe; kuma ƙananan sassa biyu a gefen arewa da kudu sun kasance {{Cvt|5.5|m}} zurfi a wancan lokacin. {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A shekarar 2003, matsakaicin zurfinsa ya wuce {{Cvt|10|m}} kawai a cikin yanki na {{Cvt|3000|ha}} . Wannan ba shi da zurfi sosai, amma duk da haka ya fi zurfi - don haka ya fi kwanciyar hankali a fannin ruwa - fiye da sauran tafkunan endorheic a Kenya. {{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Tafkunan Rift Valley suna fuskantar sauye-sauye akai-akai (kuma suna zagaye) a matakan ruwa galibi saboda ruwan sama, wanda ba shi da tabbas kuma ba a iya hasashensa ba. <ref name="ramsar_flam">{{Cite web |title=Additional information on impact of pollution on Flamingo |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/48385794/documents/KE1097lit.pdf}}</ref> A wannan yankin, tafkin Bogoria shine kawai tafkin alkaline wanda ke da ƙarancin canjin ruwan tafki, <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''rsis.ramsar.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> kuma ana amfani da shi azaman mafaka ga flamigos da sauran dabbobi lokacin da wasu tafkuna marasa zurfi suka bushe. <ref name="ramsar_flam" /> Yankin yana da hekta {{Cvt|3300|ha}} (acre 8,200) amma wannan yana canzawa, musamman bisa ga yawan ruwan sama.<ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''rsis.ramsar.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin ruwan sama yana faɗuwa tsakanin Afrilu da Nuwamba, kuma ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin kimanin 700 mm a filin Loboi da 1200 mm a kan tsaunuka masu kusa. Amma shekarun [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Nino]] sun kawo karuwar ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa a bakin tafkin.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Misali, a cikin 2020 yankin ya karu zuwa kimanin hekta {{Cvt|4690|ha}} (11,600 acres): <ref name="ramsarRIS" /> 2020 na ɗaya daga cikin shekarun da suka fi zafi a rikodin, amma duk da ruwan sama mai raɗaɗi a lokacin gajeren ruwan sama (Oktoba zuwa Disamba, ko OND) ya kuma ga rigar fiye da na yau da kullun Janairu da Fabrairu saboda ƙarfin tasirin Dipole na Tekun Indiya a wannan lokacin, da haɓaka ruwan sama mai tsawo (Maris zuwa Mayu, ko MAM) (a wannan shekarar, Tafkin Victoria ya tashi zuwa sabon matakin rikodin). <ref>{{Cite web |title=State of the climate in Kenya 2020 |url=https://meteo.go.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/STATE%20OF%20THE%20%20CLIMATE%202020_14042021.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=meteo.go.ke |publisher=Kenya Meteorological Department |pages=5, 6, 34}}</ref> Koyaya, yawan evaporation yana sama da 2500 mm, {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} don haka yana haifar da karancin ruwa kuma yana haifar da yanayin tsaka-tsaki a kan mafi yawan ƙananan sassan tafkin Bogoria.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}}{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} === Yankunan ruwa === [[Fayil:Lake_bogoria.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Bogoria]] Kodayake tafkin yana cikin wani ɓangaren tsaka-tsaki na Kenya Rift Valley, an kewaye shi da wurare masu yawa da yawa a bakin tekun, tare da kuskuren inda maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi, masu dumi da sanyi suka bunkasa, da kuma koguna da ke gudana a fadin rift floor. ==== Yankunan da ke da ruwa ==== Yankunan da ke arewacin tafkin ba sa ciyar da wani kogi. Suna da alaƙa da Tafkin Bogoria da Tafkin Baringo da ke kusa; Kogin Waseges <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> (ko kogin Sandai) ne ke ciyar da tabkuna biyu, wanda ya kawo karamin kwarara na dindindin na kogin Loboi.{{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Wadannan filayen suna ciyar da su ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin, da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} A kudu, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda biyu suna ba da rafi na dindindin. Dukkanin uku (kogi na Wasenge da raƙuman ruwa guda biyu) ana amfani da su sosai don sha, da kuma ruwa daga wasu raƙuman maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi - wasu daga cikin waɗannan ba su da gishiri fiye da ruwan tafkin.{{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Sauran raƙuman ruwa, kamar Emsos a kudu da Parkirichai a yamma, na ɗan lokaci ne: suna gudana ne kawai bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}}<br /> ; Loboi Swamp Wannan tafkin yana arewacin tafkin. Yana rungumar tushe na wani horst block (hawan kuskuren da aka iyakance da kuskuren al'ada) wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso kudu. Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon, an halicce shi ne kawai shekaru 700 da suka gabata a cikin tsohuwar yanayin ambaliyar ruwa - watakila sakamakon lalacewa. A shekara ta 1969, ya bazu sama da kilomita 6 a tsawon; amma an karkatar da ruwa daga kogin Waseges kuma a shekara ta 2001 kawai ya kasance kilomita 3.5 ne kawai kuma kusan kilomita 0.5 a fadin. Akalla maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu dumi guda uku, da kuma shigar da ruwa a ƙasa, suna ciyar da shi. Kogin Loboi ma yana ba da gudummawa a ciki amma wannan kogin yana sauya gado a kai a kai (avulsions) kuma hakan yana canza rawar da yake takawa game da tafkin. Wannan kogi yana da sanyi kuma dan kadan ne kawai. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna da irin wannan sunadarai amma sun fi dumi, suna da mafi girman abun ciki na nitrate, kuma suna da ɗan acid.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Ruwa da aka samu na Loboi Swamp suma dan kadan ne, kuma gabaɗaya suna nuna cakuda ruwa, ruwa da ruwa na ƙasa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Yankunan da ke da ruwa mai zaman kansa ko na yanayi sun mamaye ''Typha domingensis'' kuma suna da wasu ''Leersia hexandra'', ''Ipomoea aquatica'', da sauran taxa. Wadannan yankuna suna kewaye da wani wuri mai laushi wanda ke kusa da tsarkakewa na ''Cyperus papyrus'' wanda ke da tushe ko iyo a cikin ruwa har zuwa zurfin 1.5 m. Acacia scrub yana faruwa a kan wani bangare mai kusanci zuwa yamma, tare da ciyawa kamar ''Sporobolus spicata'' a kan filayen da ke kusa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2oqz1ij63jhai1d6yvb848x0s2mjhs3 841105 841103 2026-05-28T07:34:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 841105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Bogoria''' (tsohon Tafkin Hannington) tafkin saline ne, alkaline wanda ke cikin yankin [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]] a cikin rabin tafkin da ke kudu da Tafkin Baringo, [[Kenya]], dan kadan a arewa ma'auni. Tafkin Bogoria, kamar [[Tafkin Nakuru]], Tafkin Elementeita, da Tafkin Magadi a kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Rift Valley]], da Tafkin Logipi a arewa, lokaci-lokaci gida ne ga ɗayan mafi yawan jama'ar duniya na ƙananan flamingos. Tafkin wuri ne na Ramsar kuma Tafkin Bogoria National Reserve ya kasance mai kariya ta kasa tun daga ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1973. == Tarihi == An ba da sunan tafkin ne bayan mishan na Anglican James Hannington wanda ya ziyarci a 1885. [[Fayil:The_American_Museum_journal_(c1900-(1918))_(17972717398).jpg|center|thumb|Tafkin Hannington (hoton farkon karni na 20) ]] == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Bogoria yana cikin yankin Baringo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Bogoria National Reserve Management Plan |url=https://www.baringo.go.ke/resource/lake-bogoria-reserve-management-plan/?tk=MTgwMA== |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=baringo.go.ke}}</ref> kimanin kilomita 120 a arewacin birnin Nakuru da kilomita 240 a arewacin [[Nairobi]]. <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> Yana cikin kwarin Rift na Gregorian.<ref name="ramsarRIS" /> Ya kasance wani ɓangare na tafkin ruwa mai laushi mafi girma, ya haɗu da Tafkin Baringo na yanzu. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton tauraron dan adam a saman wannan shafin, an raba shi cikin ɓangarori uku: babban tsakiya daya da ƙananan biyu a arewa da kudu. Yankunan biyu da suka raba waɗannan lobes ba su da zurfi, sills da ke sarrafawa a Nyalibuch da Mwanassis.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Akwai saɓani game da tsawo. Ramsar na Unesco yana ba da {{Cvt|963|m}}.<ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> Mafi daidaito - kuma mafi hankali - , {{Harvard citation no brackets|Renaut|Owen|1991}} sun ba da ''[[wiktionary:circa|c.]]'' 990 m tun daga watan Agusta 1977, amma kuma sun nuna cewa matakin tafkin yana canzawa ta hanyar yanayi da 50 zuwa 100 cm; kuma yana iya bambanta da mita da yawa na gajeren lokaci, bayan ya canza tsakanin c. 988 da c. 996 m a cikin karni na 20. {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Yankunan bakin tekun da ke kewaye da bakin tekun, waɗanda aka yi da dutse mai laushi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna nuna matakan tafkin mafi girma daga Pleistocene da Holocene.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} Ana iya ganinsu a kashi 45% na matakin yanzu, kuma wasu suna da kimanin 9 m sama da bakin teku na yanzu.{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A cikin 1991 matsakaicin tsawon shine {{Cvt|17.6|km}} kuma faɗin sa ya kasance daga {{Cvt|0.5|km}} zuwa {{Cvt|3.6|km}} . {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} The [[Ruwan ruwa|drainage basin]] is {{Cvt|700|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Bogoria Ramsar site and catchment area |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/48385794/pictures/KE1097_map1602.pdf |website=rsis.ramsar.org |type=map}}</ref> The lowest point of the [[Raba magudanan ruwa|drainage divide]] is at 999 m near Loboi village; when the level of the lake reaches that altitude, its waters flow northward in lake Baringo [[Ruwan ruwa|drainage basin]].{{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A shekarar 1978, an rubuta mafi girman zurfinsa a matsayin {{Cvt|12|m}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vareschi |first=Ekkehard |date=January 1978 |title=The ecology of Lake Nakuru (Kenya) I. Abundance and feeding of the lesser flamingo |journal=Oecologia (Berl.) |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=11–35 |doi=10.1007/BF00344687}} Cited in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}}.</ref> ko {{Cvt|11.5|m}}, da {{Harvard citation no brackets|Renaut|Owen|1991}} sun yi daidai cewa wannan yana cikin babban kwano ko lobe; kuma ƙananan sassa biyu a gefen arewa da kudu sun kasance {{Cvt|5.5|m}} zurfi a wancan lokacin. {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} A shekarar 2003, matsakaicin zurfinsa ya wuce {{Cvt|10|m}} kawai a cikin yanki na {{Cvt|3000|ha}} . Wannan ba shi da zurfi sosai, amma duk da haka ya fi zurfi - don haka ya fi kwanciyar hankali a fannin ruwa - fiye da sauran tafkunan endorheic a Kenya. {{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Tafkunan Rift Valley suna fuskantar sauye-sauye akai-akai (kuma suna zagaye) a matakan ruwa galibi saboda ruwan sama, wanda ba shi da tabbas kuma ba a iya hasashensa ba. <ref name="ramsar_flam">{{Cite web |title=Additional information on impact of pollution on Flamingo |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/48385794/documents/KE1097lit.pdf}}</ref> A wannan yankin, tafkin Bogoria shine kawai tafkin alkaline wanda ke da ƙarancin canjin ruwan tafki, <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''rsis.ramsar.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> kuma ana amfani da shi azaman mafaka ga flamigos da sauran dabbobi lokacin da wasu tafkuna marasa zurfi suka bushe. <ref name="ramsar_flam" /> Yankin yana da hekta {{Cvt|3300|ha}} (acre 8,200) amma wannan yana canzawa, musamman bisa ga yawan ruwan sama.<ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''rsis.ramsar.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-06</span></span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin ruwan sama yana faɗuwa tsakanin Afrilu da Nuwamba, kuma ruwan sama yana da matsakaicin kimanin 700 mm a filin Loboi da 1200 mm a kan tsaunuka masu kusa. Amma shekarun [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Nino]] sun kawo karuwar ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa a bakin tafkin.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Misali, a cikin 2020 yankin ya karu zuwa kimanin hekta {{Cvt|4690|ha}} (11,600 acres): <ref name="ramsarRIS" /> 2020 na ɗaya daga cikin shekarun da suka fi zafi a rikodin, amma duk da ruwan sama mai raɗaɗi a lokacin gajeren ruwan sama (Oktoba zuwa Disamba, ko OND) ya kuma ga rigar fiye da na yau da kullun Janairu da Fabrairu saboda ƙarfin tasirin Dipole na Tekun Indiya a wannan lokacin, da haɓaka ruwan sama mai tsawo (Maris zuwa Mayu, ko MAM) (a wannan shekarar, Tafkin Victoria ya tashi zuwa sabon matakin rikodin). <ref>{{Cite web |title=State of the climate in Kenya 2020 |url=https://meteo.go.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/STATE%20OF%20THE%20%20CLIMATE%202020_14042021.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=meteo.go.ke |publisher=Kenya Meteorological Department |pages=5, 6, 34}}</ref> Koyaya, yawan evaporation yana sama da 2500 mm, {{Sfn|Renaut|Owen|1991}} don haka yana haifar da karancin ruwa kuma yana haifar da yanayin tsaka-tsaki a kan mafi yawan ƙananan sassan tafkin Bogoria.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}}{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} === Yankunan ruwa === [[Fayil:Lake_bogoria.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Bogoria]] Kodayake tafkin yana cikin wani ɓangaren tsaka-tsaki na Kenya Rift Valley, an kewaye shi da wurare masu yawa da yawa a bakin tekun, tare da kuskuren inda maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi, masu dumi da sanyi suka bunkasa, da kuma koguna da ke gudana a fadin rift floor. ==== Yankunan da ke da ruwa ==== Yankunan da ke arewacin tafkin ba sa ciyar da wani kogi. Suna da alaƙa da Tafkin Bogoria da Tafkin Baringo da ke kusa; Kogin Waseges <ref name="ramsarRIS">{{Cite web |title=Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS) for Site no. 1097, Lake Bogoria, Kenya |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/KE1097RIS_2405_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> (ko kogin Sandai) ne ke ciyar da tabkuna biyu, wanda ya kawo karamin kwarara na dindindin na kogin Loboi.{{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Wadannan filayen suna ciyar da su ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin, da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} A kudu, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda biyu suna ba da rafi na dindindin. Dukkanin uku (kogi na Wasenge da raƙuman ruwa guda biyu) ana amfani da su sosai don sha, da kuma ruwa daga wasu raƙuman maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi - wasu daga cikin waɗannan ba su da gishiri fiye da ruwan tafkin.{{Sfn|Harper|Childress|Harper|Boar|2003}} Sauran raƙuman ruwa, kamar Emsos a kudu da Parkirichai a yamma, na ɗan lokaci ne: suna gudana ne kawai bayan ruwan sama mai yawa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}}<br /> ; Loboi Swamp Wannan tafkin yana arewacin tafkin. Yana rungumar tushe na wani horst block (hawan kuskuren da aka iyakance da kuskuren al'ada) wanda ke fuskantar arewa maso kudu. Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon, an halicce shi ne kawai shekaru 700 da suka gabata a cikin tsohuwar yanayin ambaliyar ruwa - watakila sakamakon lalacewa. A shekara ta 1969, ya bazu sama da kilomita 6 a tsawon; amma an karkatar da ruwa daga kogin Waseges kuma a shekara ta 2001 kawai ya kasance kilomita 3.5 ne kawai kuma kusan kilomita 0.5 a fadin. Akalla maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu dumi guda uku, da kuma shigar da ruwa a ƙasa, suna ciyar da shi. Kogin Loboi ma yana ba da gudummawa a ciki amma wannan kogin yana sauya gado a kai a kai (avulsions) kuma hakan yana canza rawar da yake takawa game da tafkin. Wannan kogi yana da sanyi kuma dan kadan ne kawai. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna da irin wannan sunadarai amma sun fi dumi, suna da mafi girman abun ciki na nitrate, kuma suna da ɗan acid.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Ruwa da aka samu na Loboi Swamp suma dan kadan ne, kuma gabaɗaya suna nuna cakuda ruwa, ruwa da ruwa na ƙasa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} Yankunan da ke da ruwa mai zaman kansa ko na yanayi sun mamaye ''Typha domingensis'' kuma suna da wasu ''Leersia hexandra'', ''Ipomoea aquatica'', da sauran taxa. Wadannan yankuna suna kewaye da wani wuri mai laushi wanda ke kusa da tsarkakewa na ''Cyperus papyrus'' wanda ke da tushe ko iyo a cikin ruwa har zuwa zurfin 1.5 m. Acacia scrub yana faruwa a kan wani bangare mai kusanci zuwa yamma, tare da ciyawa kamar ''Sporobolus spicata'' a kan filayen da ke kusa.{{Sfn|Owen|Renaut|Hover|Ashley|2004}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] su6qcpvbv92zjflsr5nlvo0opriaz6c 0 152572 841104 2026-05-28T07:34:45Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187144102|Felaga]]" 841104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Felaga''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . [[Tigray Bureau of Agriculture|Ofishin noma na Tigray]] ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1996. [[Fayil:21._Felaga_1.jpg|thumb|6]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 11.9&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 115&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 900000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 115000&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 21.53&nbsp;ha == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 75&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 40&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 8.16&nbsp;babban yanki mai girman kilomita². Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine dutsen Enicho Sandstone da dutsen precambrian. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mqnqzarta == jsqs2ga1qbzeo05ugo11n5ggt4luv4r 841106 841104 2026-05-28T07:35:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felaga''' tafki ce dake cikin ''gundumar'' Atsbi Wenberta na yankin Tigray a [[Itofiya|kasar Habasha]] . [[Tigray Bureau of Agriculture|Ofishin noma na Tigray]] ne ya gina madatsar ruwa da ke rike da tafki a shekarar 1996. [[Fayil:21._Felaga_1.jpg|thumb|6]] == Halayen Dam == * Tsayin madatsar ruwa: 11.9&nbsp;mita * Tsawon madatsar ruwa: 115&nbsp;mita * Faɗin [[Hanyar Zube|hanyar zubewa]] : 15&nbsp;mita == Ƙarfin aiki == * Asali iya aiki: 900000&nbsp;m³ * [[Dead storage|Matattu ajiya]] : 115000&nbsp;m³ * Yankin ma'ajiyar ruwa: 21.53&nbsp;ha == Ban ruwa == * An tsara yankin ban ruwa: 75&nbsp;ha * Ainihin yankin da aka yi ban ruwa a shekarar 2002: 40&nbsp;ha == Muhalli == [[Ruwan ruwa|Kamun kifi]] na wurin ajiyar ruwa ya kai 8.16&nbsp;babban yanki mai girman kilomita². Madatsar ruwan tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|ambaliya]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin magudanar ruwa shine dutsen Enicho Sandstone da dutsen precambrian. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan karkashin kasa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}</ref> == Mqnqzarta == 72q7olhf4zu27c3j6g7n9yq1vdvvapk 0 152573 841107 2026-05-28T07:35:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309084901|Lake Elmenteita]]" 841107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Elmenteita''' Tafkin soda ne, a cikin Great Rift Valley, kimanin kilomita 120 a arewa maso yammacin [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. &nbsp; == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Elementaita1.jpg|left|thumb|350x350px|Tafkin Elmenteita daga babbar hanyar Nairobi-Nakuru]] Elmenteita an samo shi ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Maasai|Maasai]] {{Lang|mas|muteita}}, ma'ana "wurin ƙura", wanda ke nuni da bushewa da ƙura na yankin, musamman daga Janairu zuwa Maris. Garin Gilgil yana kusa da tafkin. A cikin jerin kudu zuwa arewacin tabkuna na Rift Valley, Elmenteita tana tsakanin [[Tafkin Naivasha]] da Tafkin Nakuru. Tare da tsaunin da ke kusa, babbar hanyar [[Nairobi]]-Nakuru (Hanyar A104) tana ba masu motoci kyakkyawan ra'ayi na tafkin. A yau tafkin yanki ne mai kariya saboda rayuwar tsuntsaye kuma an sanya masa suna a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]] tare da Tafkin Nakuru da Tafkin Bogoria. Kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, Tafkin Elementaita, tare da makwabta Nakuru da Bogoria, sun kafa tafkin ruwa mai zurfi guda ɗaya wanda daga ƙarshe ya bushe, ya bar tabkuna uku a matsayin ragowar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> A kudancin ƙarshen tafkin akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi "Kekopey", inda aka gabatar da kifi, Lake Magadi tilapia, ya haifa. Gidajen reed da ke kusa da su wuraren kamun kifi ne ga herons na dare da pelicans. Tafkin soda ne (babban alkalinity, babban bambancin halittu). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duckworth |first=Alexander W. |last2=Grant |first2=William D. |last3=Jones |first3=Bryan E. |last4=Van Steenbergen |first4=Robert |date=1996 |title=Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles |journal=FEMS Microbiology Ecology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=181-191 |bibcode=1996FEMME..19..181D |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00211.x}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Elmenteita_satellite_image.png|right|thumb|272x272px|Tafkin Elmenteita, kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya.]] == Tarihi == Yankin Tafkin Elmenteita ya ga fararen zama na farko lokacin da Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere (1879-1931) ya kafa Ranch na Soysambu a kan 190-square-kilomita (48,000-acre) na ƙasa a gefen yammacin tafkin. Ya ba da ƙasa a wancan gefen tafkin ga surukinsa, Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (1881-1929), wani ɓangare na ranch din Kekopey, inda aka binne shi, an kiyaye shi a yau a matsayin Lake Elementaita Lodge. Gidan Soysambu, wanda har yanzu mallakar Iyalin Delamere ne, ya rufe kashi biyu bisa uku na bakin teku kuma yana da gida ga dabbobi sama da 12,000. Tafkin da kansa ya kasance shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Dwight |date=17 September 2005 |title=Lake Elmenteita added to the Ramsar List |url=http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114201824/http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm |archive-date=November 14, 2008 |access-date=2009-04-19 |publisher=The [[Ramsar Convention]] on Wetlands}}</ref> == Muhalli == Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 400 an rubuta su a cikin tafkin Nakuru / tafkin Elmenteita. Elmenteita yanka jan hankalin flamingoes masu ziyara, duka mafi girma da ƙananan iri, waɗanda ke ciyar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyi na tafkin da kuma algae mai launin shudi-kore, bi da bi. An gabatar da Lake Magadi tilapia zuwa tafkin daga Lake Magadi a cikin 1962 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin yawan flamingo ya ragu sosai. Tilapia yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye masu cin kifi da yawa waɗanda ke cin ƙwai da kaji na flamingo. Fiye da tsuntsaye miliyan daya da suka haifa a Elmenteita yanzu an ce sun nemi mafaka a Tafkin Natron a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]. Tafkin yawanci ba shi da zurfi (kasa da zurfin 1 m) kuma yana da iyaka da laka mai laushi a lokacin lokutan fari. A lokacin marigayi Pleistocene da farkon [[Holocene]], Tafkin Elmenteita a wasu lokuta an haɗa shi da tafkin Nakuru mai fadada, wanda ya samar da tafkin da ya fi girma. Ana adana ragowar tsohon tafkin da aka haɗu a matsayin datti a wurare daban-daban a kusa da tafkin tafkin, gami da tsoffin bakin teku. Kwanan nan matakin tafkin da yawan flamingoes sun ragu yayin da karuwar ayyukan ɗan adam suka bushe wuraren da aka kama. == Shafukan da aka haɗa == Kusa da shi akwai Gidan Tarihi na Kariandusi, a wani muhimmin shafin prehistoric inda Louis Leakey ya gano hannayen hannu da cleavers a 1928. Elmenteita Badlands wani dutse ne mai gudana zuwa kudancin tafkin, an rufe shi da daji kuma ya haɗa da wasu tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6qhrm3exl9326ufcnwpr143cecccksa 841108 841107 2026-05-28T07:36:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 841108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Elmenteita''' Tafkin soda ne, a cikin Great Rift Valley, kimanin kilomita 120 a arewa maso yammacin [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. &nbsp; == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Elementaita1.jpg|left|thumb|350x350px|Tafkin Elmenteita daga babbar hanyar Nairobi-Nakuru]] Elmenteita an samo shi ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Maasai|Maasai]] {{Lang|mas|muteita}}, ma'ana "wurin ƙura", wanda ke nuni da bushewa da ƙura na yankin, musamman daga Janairu zuwa Maris. Garin Gilgil yana kusa da tafkin. A cikin jerin kudu zuwa arewacin tabkuna na Rift Valley, Elmenteita tana tsakanin [[Tafkin Naivasha]] da Tafkin Nakuru. Tare da tsaunin da ke kusa, babbar hanyar [[Nairobi]]-Nakuru (Hanyar A104) tana ba masu motoci kyakkyawan ra'ayi na tafkin. A yau tafkin yanki ne mai kariya saboda rayuwar tsuntsaye kuma an sanya masa suna a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]] tare da Tafkin Nakuru da Tafkin Bogoria. Kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata, Tafkin Elementaita, tare da makwabta Nakuru da Bogoria, sun kafa tafkin ruwa mai zurfi guda ɗaya wanda daga ƙarshe ya bushe, ya bar tabkuna uku a matsayin ragowar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> A kudancin ƙarshen tafkin akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi "Kekopey", inda aka gabatar da kifi, Lake Magadi tilapia, ya haifa. Gidajen reed da ke kusa da su wuraren kamun kifi ne ga herons na dare da pelicans. Tafkin soda ne (babban alkalinity, babban bambancin halittu). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duckworth |first=Alexander W. |last2=Grant |first2=William D. |last3=Jones |first3=Bryan E. |last4=Van Steenbergen |first4=Robert |date=1996 |title=Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles |journal=FEMS Microbiology Ecology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=181-191 |bibcode=1996FEMME..19..181D |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00211.x}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Elmenteita_satellite_image.png|right|thumb|272x272px|Tafkin Elmenteita, kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya.]] == Tarihi == Yankin Tafkin Elmenteita ya ga fararen zama na farko lokacin da Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere (1879-1931) ya kafa Ranch na Soysambu a kan 190-square-kilomita (48,000-acre) na ƙasa a gefen yammacin tafkin. Ya ba da ƙasa a wancan gefen tafkin ga surukinsa, Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (1881-1929), wani ɓangare na ranch din Kekopey, inda aka binne shi, an kiyaye shi a yau a matsayin Lake Elementaita Lodge. Gidan Soysambu, wanda har yanzu mallakar Iyalin Delamere ne, ya rufe kashi biyu bisa uku na bakin teku kuma yana da gida ga dabbobi sama da 12,000. Tafkin da kansa ya kasance shafin Ramsar tun shekara ta 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peck |first=Dwight |date=17 September 2005 |title=Lake Elmenteita added to the Ramsar List |url=http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114201824/http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.kenya_elmenteita.htm |archive-date=November 14, 2008 |access-date=2009-04-19 |publisher=The [[Ramsar Convention]] on Wetlands}}</ref> == Muhalli == Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 400 an rubuta su a cikin tafkin Nakuru / tafkin Elmenteita. Elmenteita yanka jan hankalin flamingoes masu ziyara, duka mafi girma da ƙananan iri, waɗanda ke ciyar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyi na tafkin da kuma algae mai launin shudi-kore, bi da bi. An gabatar da Lake Magadi tilapia zuwa tafkin daga Lake Magadi a cikin 1962 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin yawan flamingo ya ragu sosai. Tilapia yana jan hankalin tsuntsaye masu cin kifi da yawa waɗanda ke cin ƙwai da kaji na flamingo. Fiye da tsuntsaye miliyan daya da suka haifa a Elmenteita yanzu an ce sun nemi mafaka a Tafkin Natron a [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]. Tafkin yawanci ba shi da zurfi (kasa da zurfin 1 m) kuma yana da iyaka da laka mai laushi a lokacin lokutan fari. A lokacin marigayi Pleistocene da farkon [[Holocene]], Tafkin Elmenteita a wasu lokuta an haɗa shi da tafkin Nakuru mai fadada, wanda ya samar da tafkin da ya fi girma. Ana adana ragowar tsohon tafkin da aka haɗu a matsayin datti a wurare daban-daban a kusa da tafkin tafkin, gami da tsoffin bakin teku. Kwanan nan matakin tafkin da yawan flamingoes sun ragu yayin da karuwar ayyukan ɗan adam suka bushe wuraren da aka kama. == Shafukan da aka haɗa == Kusa da shi akwai Gidan Tarihi na Kariandusi, a wani muhimmin shafin prehistoric inda Louis Leakey ya gano hannayen hannu da cleavers a 1928. Elmenteita Badlands wani dutse ne mai gudana zuwa kudancin tafkin, an rufe shi da daji kuma ya haɗa da wasu tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kftuwex1le3cdliq57e31r30iz5e10f 0 152574 841109 2026-05-28T07:36:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339590525|Ships of Slaves]]" 841109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Jirgin ruwa na bayi''''' ( Danish ) wani littafi ne na 1968 wanda marubucin Denmark Thorkild Hansen ya rubuta. Ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Majalisar Nordic a shekarar 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literature Prizewinners 1962 - 2013 — Nordic cooperation |url=http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/nordic-council-prizes/nordisk-raads-litteraturpris/media/literature-prizewinners-1962-2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301220043/http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/nordic-council-prizes/nordisk-raads-litteraturpris/media/literature-prizewinners-1962-2013 |archive-date=2014-03-01 |website=www.norden.org}} </ref> == Manazarta == 972h05ffpuaqldw745nd9ilfbqe9xsy 841111 841109 2026-05-28T07:36:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Jirgin ruwa na bayi''''' ( Danish ) wani littafi ne na 1968 wanda marubucin Denmark Thorkild Hansen ya rubuta. Ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Majalisar Nordic a shekarar 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literature Prizewinners 1962 - 2013 — Nordic cooperation |url=http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/nordic-council-prizes/nordisk-raads-litteraturpris/media/literature-prizewinners-1962-2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301220043/http://www.norden.org/en/nordic-council/nordic-council-prizes/nordisk-raads-litteraturpris/media/literature-prizewinners-1962-2013 |archive-date=2014-03-01 |website=www.norden.org}} </ref> == Manazarta == rqsutzxmmonnoa21l8a9wrj4plp6l91 0 152575 841110 2026-05-28T07:36:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334382425|Lake Jipe]]" 841110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Jipe''' tafki ne mai kewaye da iyakokin [[Kenya]] da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . A gefen Kenya, yana kudu da ƙauyen [[Kidimu|Nghonji]] yayin da a gefen Tanzaniya, yana cikin Gundumar Mwanga, a Yankin Kilimanjaro. Kogin Lumi ne ke ciyar da tafkin, wanda ke saukowa daga [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]], da kuma rafi daga Dutsen Arewacin Pare, yana kan gefen leeward.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Hanyar tafkin ta samar da Kogin Ruvu.<ref name="Ndetei">{{Cite web |last=Ndetei |first=Robert |title=The role of wetlands in lake ecological functions and sustainable livelihoods in lake environment: A case study on cross border Lake Jipe - Kenya/Tanzania |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2e4psS151TYJ:www.oceandocs.net/bitstream/1834/1492/1/WLCK-162-168.pdf+River+lumi+ruvu&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgCGQtRHRbyTd58huVgdd5XfMmglS-meICCJrH1eEEzeT_fg6Dx1lNf25JT-Xw0f6dHs7KAwj7ZurnbdW4ADAuyUe7pf3Bap24mMCSmVTRKzR8oCCC64gtfIwyw1zHcbrAx5Uwf&sig=AHIEtbT3U9ffbAfvC3C9Gw-2R2MPV772NA |access-date=6 October 2011 |publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service |pages=163}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na Tsavo West na Kenya yana kare wani ɓangare na bakin arewacin tafkin, yayin da a gefen Tanzania Mkomazi Game Reserve yana kusa. An san tafkin da kifin da ke cikin yankin, da tsuntsayen ruwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsire-tsire masu laushi da wuraren da ke gefen tafkin, wanda zai iya kaiwa kilomita 2 (1.2 daga bakin tekun Jipe. Ana iya samun tafkin daga gefen Tanzaniya ta hanyar Hanyar B1 daga ƙauyen ''Kifaru'', kimanin kilomita 40 (25 kudu da babban birnin Yankin Kilimanjaro na Moshi . Jipe ya rufe yanki na kimanin kilomita 30 (12 sq , kuma ya auna kimanin kilomita 12 (19 tsawo da kilomita 3-4 (4.8-6.4 fadi.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Jipe ruwa ne mai zurfi na kogin Lumi, wanda daga baya ya zama Kogin Ruvu, kuma ya shiga cikin tafkin Nyumba ya Mungu . Bayan ya haɗu da ''Kikuletwa'' rafin yana gudana a matsayin Kogin Pangani a [[Tekun Indiya]] a Pangani . Tafkin ba shi da halin yanzu yayin da kogin da ke gudana, ya juya ya sake fitowa. Ana iya sha ruwansa ne kawai bayan an tafasa shi sosai kuma an cire shi. A gefen kudancinsa, duwatsun Ugweno sun tashi 6,000-7,000 feet (1,800-2,100 m), sun bambanta da gefen da ke gaba, wanda yake fili, amma ba a ɗaga shi ba sama da tafkin. [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]] na Kibo Peak ana iya gani daga tafkin.<ref name="Johnston1886" /> == Yawan jama'a == Kimanin mutane 120,000 sun dogara da tafkin don rayuwarsu.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Mazaunan ƙauyuka da ke kewaye da Tafkin Jipe galibi suna da hannu a kamun kifi, noma da kiwon dabbobi.<ref name="ramsar.org2004" /> A kudu maso gabashin babban dutsen akwai karamin yankin noma na Taveta. Ki-taveta shine yaren da Bantu rabin yawan jama'a ke amfani da shi, kuma Maasai shine yaren sauran. [[Harshen Gweno|Ki-gweno]] yare ne na yankin arewacin tsaunukan Pare da aka sani da Ugweno (''Vughonu'' ga mazaunanta) zuwa kudancin Tafkin Jipe . Ana amfani da ruwan tafkin don ban ruwa na gonakin da ke kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taita Taveta District profile |url=http://www.aridland.go.ke/semi_profiles/taita_taveta_profile.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819003738/http://www.aridland.go.ke/semi_profiles/taita_taveta_profile.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands}}</ref> == Dabbobi == Halin yiwuwar warewa na dogon lokaci daga wasu wuraren da ake ruwa ya nuna ta hanyar kifi da ke cikin tafkin, Jipe tilapia . Ruwan Jipe yana cike da manyan kifi, musamman siluriforms da cyprinoids. Jipe ya samar da tsarin halittu mai wadataccen halittu wanda aka fi sani da tsuntsayen ruwa waɗanda ke yawan zuwa gabarta; waɗannan sun haɗa da storks, egrets, pelicans, spur-winged plovers, ducks, da kuma Egyptian geese. Ƙananan Jacana da African swamphen sun zama ruwan dare a tafkin kuma ana ganin squacco heron na Madagascar, black heron, Darter na Afirka da skimmers na Afirka.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin yana yawan zuwa da garken wasanni. Hippopotami da aladu na Nilu suna da yawa. == Manazarta == 0ksa8pewlyl5yyuo3gkmgdb32d6x2cb 841112 841110 2026-05-28T07:37:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 841112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} '''Tafkin Jipe''' tafki ne mai kewaye da iyakokin [[Kenya]] da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . A gefen Kenya, yana kudu da ƙauyen [[Kidimu|Nghonji]] yayin da a gefen Tanzaniya, yana cikin Gundumar Mwanga, a Yankin Kilimanjaro. Kogin Lumi ne ke ciyar da tafkin, wanda ke saukowa daga [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]], da kuma rafi daga Dutsen Arewacin Pare, yana kan gefen leeward.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Hanyar tafkin ta samar da Kogin Ruvu.<ref name="Ndetei">{{Cite web |last=Ndetei |first=Robert |title=The role of wetlands in lake ecological functions and sustainable livelihoods in lake environment: A case study on cross border Lake Jipe - Kenya/Tanzania |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2e4psS151TYJ:www.oceandocs.net/bitstream/1834/1492/1/WLCK-162-168.pdf+River+lumi+ruvu&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgCGQtRHRbyTd58huVgdd5XfMmglS-meICCJrH1eEEzeT_fg6Dx1lNf25JT-Xw0f6dHs7KAwj7ZurnbdW4ADAuyUe7pf3Bap24mMCSmVTRKzR8oCCC64gtfIwyw1zHcbrAx5Uwf&sig=AHIEtbT3U9ffbAfvC3C9Gw-2R2MPV772NA |access-date=6 October 2011 |publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service |pages=163}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na Tsavo West na Kenya yana kare wani ɓangare na bakin arewacin tafkin, yayin da a gefen Tanzania Mkomazi Game Reserve yana kusa. An san tafkin da kifin da ke cikin yankin, da tsuntsayen ruwa, dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsire-tsire masu laushi da wuraren da ke gefen tafkin, wanda zai iya kaiwa kilomita 2 (1.2 daga bakin tekun Jipe. Ana iya samun tafkin daga gefen Tanzaniya ta hanyar Hanyar B1 daga ƙauyen ''Kifaru'', kimanin kilomita 40 (25 kudu da babban birnin Yankin Kilimanjaro na Moshi . Jipe ya rufe yanki na kimanin kilomita 30 (12 sq , kuma ya auna kimanin kilomita 12 (19 tsawo da kilomita 3-4 (4.8-6.4 fadi.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Jipe ruwa ne mai zurfi na kogin Lumi, wanda daga baya ya zama Kogin Ruvu, kuma ya shiga cikin tafkin Nyumba ya Mungu . Bayan ya haɗu da ''Kikuletwa'' rafin yana gudana a matsayin Kogin Pangani a [[Tekun Indiya]] a Pangani . Tafkin ba shi da halin yanzu yayin da kogin da ke gudana, ya juya ya sake fitowa. Ana iya sha ruwansa ne kawai bayan an tafasa shi sosai kuma an cire shi. A gefen kudancinsa, duwatsun Ugweno sun tashi 6,000-7,000 feet (1,800-2,100 m), sun bambanta da gefen da ke gaba, wanda yake fili, amma ba a ɗaga shi ba sama da tafkin. [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]] na Kibo Peak ana iya gani daga tafkin.<ref name="Johnston1886" /> == Yawan jama'a == Kimanin mutane 120,000 sun dogara da tafkin don rayuwarsu.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Mazaunan ƙauyuka da ke kewaye da Tafkin Jipe galibi suna da hannu a kamun kifi, noma da kiwon dabbobi.<ref name="ramsar.org2004" /> A kudu maso gabashin babban dutsen akwai karamin yankin noma na Taveta. Ki-taveta shine yaren da Bantu rabin yawan jama'a ke amfani da shi, kuma Maasai shine yaren sauran. [[Harshen Gweno|Ki-gweno]] yare ne na yankin arewacin tsaunukan Pare da aka sani da Ugweno (''Vughonu'' ga mazaunanta) zuwa kudancin Tafkin Jipe . Ana amfani da ruwan tafkin don ban ruwa na gonakin da ke kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taita Taveta District profile |url=http://www.aridland.go.ke/semi_profiles/taita_taveta_profile.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819003738/http://www.aridland.go.ke/semi_profiles/taita_taveta_profile.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=Ministry of State for Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands}}</ref> == Dabbobi == Halin yiwuwar warewa na dogon lokaci daga wasu wuraren da ake ruwa ya nuna ta hanyar kifi da ke cikin tafkin, Jipe tilapia . Ruwan Jipe yana cike da manyan kifi, musamman siluriforms da cyprinoids. Jipe ya samar da tsarin halittu mai wadataccen halittu wanda aka fi sani da tsuntsayen ruwa waɗanda ke yawan zuwa gabarta; waɗannan sun haɗa da storks, egrets, pelicans, spur-winged plovers, ducks, da kuma Egyptian geese. Ƙananan Jacana da African swamphen sun zama ruwan dare a tafkin kuma ana ganin squacco heron na Madagascar, black heron, Darter na Afirka da skimmers na Afirka.<ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |page=6}}</ref> Yankin da ke kusa da tafkin yana yawan zuwa da garken wasanni. Hippopotami da aladu na Nilu suna da yawa. == Manazarta == 2g6t0glvdmhmjsr53hyxsgnnwmqsso5 0 152576 841113 2026-05-28T07:37:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336732431|Water supply and sanitation in Senegal]]" 841113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Senegal''' yana da alaƙa da babban matakin samun ruwa idan aka kwatanta da yawancin ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu (PPP) ya fara aiki a [[Senegal]] tun daga shekarar 1996, tare da [[Senegalaise des Eaux]] (SDE, wani reshe na [[:fr:Groupe SAUR|Saur International]] ) abokin hulɗa mai zaman kansa. SDE ba ta da tsarin ruwa, amma tana kula da shi bisa yarjejeniyar shekaru 10 daga gwamnatin Senegal. Tsakanin 1996 da 2014, tallace-tallacen ruwa sun ninka zuwa mita cubic miliyan 131 a kowace shekara; adadin haɗin gidaje ya ƙaru da kashi 165 cikin ɗari, zuwa sama da 638,000. A cewar Bankin Duniya, "Ana ɗaukar lamarin Senegal a matsayin misali na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara". Kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa shine ke kula da najasa, tsaftace ruwan shara da magudanar ruwan sama, wanda aka yi wa kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa na [[Tunisiya]] kuma ya keɓance a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka. == Samun dama == A shekarar 2015, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar Senegal sun sami damar samun akalla tushen ruwa guda ɗaya, kuma kashi 48 cikin 100 sun sami damar samun tsaftar muhalli. Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin samar da ruwa a birane (kashi 91 cikin 100 na samun ruwa) da yankunan karkara (kashi 63 cikin 100). Yawan samun tsaftar muhalli ya kuma bambanta sosai tsakanin yankunan birane da karkara, inda kashi 66 cikin 100 na al'ummar birane ke da hanyar samun tsaftar muhalli, kuma kashi 35 cikin 100 na al'ummar karkara ke da hanyar samun ruwa. A yankunan birane, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar suna da hanyar samun ruwa a gidajensu ko kuma a gidajensu, kuma kashi 17 cikin 100 sun dogara ne da wuraren samar da ruwa da [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|bututun ruwa]] . <ref name="JMP">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217095912/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |archive-date=2008-12-17 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Kashi 19 cikin 100 na al'ummar biranen ƙasar suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta magudanar ruwa, kuma kashi 60 cikin 100 suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tankunan feshi ko kuma ingantattun bayan gida na gida. <ref name="JMP" /> Tushe: Shirin Hadin Gwiwa na Kula da Ruwa da Tsafta na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] Babban tushen waɗannan alkaluma shine binciken Senegal, wani ɓangare na [[World Health Survey|Binciken Lafiya na Duniya]] na WHO na 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation: Water Senegal |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213140320/http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Adadin samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a yankunan birane (kashi 92) ya ɗan yi ƙasa da adadin da kamfanin samar da ruwa na SDE ya ruwaito kuma Bankin Duniya ya ambato (kashi 98). <ref name="IDA">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/home |website=World Bank}}</ref> == Sabis == [[Samar da Ruwa|Samar da ruwa]] a [[Dakar]] da sauran biranen Senegal yana ci gaba da gudana. A shekarar 1994, an samar da sabis na tsawon matsakaicin sa'o'i 16 a kowace rana. Ganin karuwar buƙata daga sabbin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma ƙuntatawa kan albarkatun ruwa, kamfanin mai zaman kansa ya fara rarraba katsewar samar da ruwa daidai wa daida a tsakanin unguwannin Dakar. An ƙara matsakaicin sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana zuwa 19 a shekarar 2001, kuma an samu ci gaba da samar da ruwa a shekarar 2006; an samu nasarar hakan ne ta hanyar faɗaɗa bututun ruwa daga Lac de Guiers a shekarar 1999. A shekarar 2004, kashi 97.7 cikin ɗari na samfuran ruwa sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ruwa na ƙwayoyin cuta (sama da kashi 96 cikin ɗari a shekarar 1996). <ref name="BIDE">{{Cite web |title=Error - System Unavailable |url=https://message.worldbank.org/isp_error_page.htm |website=message.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Albarkatun ruwa == [[Fayil:River_gambia_Niokolokoba_National_Park.gif|alt=Aerial photo of a large, muddy river flowing past forests|thumb|Kogin Gambiya dake [[Filin shakatawa na Niokolo-Koba|dajin Niokolo-Koba na kasar]] Senegal]] [[Fayil:SaloumULM.JPG|alt=Aerial photo of a river flowing through a desert with some vegetation|thumb|Kogin Saloum dake tsakiyar kasar Senegal]] Yanayin ƙasar Senegal yana da [[yanayin zafi]], tare da yanayi mai kyau na bushewa da danshi. Ruwan sama na Dakar na shekara-shekara kusan {{Convert|600|mm}} yana faɗuwa tsakanin watan Yuni da Oktoba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana farawa daga {{Convert|270|mm}} a kowace shekara a arewa zuwa {{Convert|1793|mm}} kowace shekara a kudu. Yanayin zafin ciki ya fi yadda yake a bakin teku. Babban albarkatun ruwa a ƙasar shine [[Kogin Senegal]] a arewa, wanda ke rabawa da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Mali]] da [[Gini|Guinea]] . Matsakaicin kwararar ruwansa shine mita biliyan 37 na cubic a kowace shekara. Lac de Guiers muhimmin ma'ajiyar ruwa ne a saman delta na Kogin Senegal, tare da ajiyar kusan mita miliyan 500 na cubic. Ita ce babbar hanyar samun ruwa mai kyau ga Dakar, ɗaruruwan kilomita kudu maso yamma, ta hanyar bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Duk da cewa ruwan kogin Senegal yana da yawa, ruwa a mafi yawan sauran ƙasar ba shi da yawa. Sauran manyan wuraren ruwa a saman ƙasa sun haɗa da [[Kogin Casamance]], [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]], Kogin Saloum, Kogin Geba, Kogin Falémé da tafkin Tamna kusa da Thiès . Senegal tana da kimanin mita cubic biliyan uku na ruwan karkashin kasa mai sabuntawa, ban da ruwan karkashin kasa wanda ya mamaye ruwan saman. Jimillar kudaden da aka cire a shekarar 1987 sun kai mita cubic biliyan 1.4, wanda kashi 92 cikin 100 na noma ne, kashi uku cikin 100 na masana'antu da kuma kashi biyar cikin 100 na amfanin gida. Tanadin ruwan karkashin kasa ya hada da magudanar ruwa har zuwa {{Convert|20|m}} zurfi a cikin Casamance da {{Convert|40|-|60|m}} a cikin zurfin Kaolack da [[Tamba, Senegal|Tamba]], da kuma fitar da amfanin gona kusa da Dakar da Thiès. Sun kuma haɗa da magudanar ruwa a zurfin {{Convert|200|-|400|m}} . An kiyasta cewa jimillar ribar ruwan ƙasa ta kai mita cubic biliyan bakwai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SDE: D'où vient l'eau distribuée par la SDE |url=http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110131936/http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |archive-date=2008-11-10 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 7nzrvahxkkys0c7gxwbyl7wp6yrr79f 841116 841113 2026-05-28T07:38:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Senegal''' yana da alaƙa da babban matakin samun ruwa idan aka kwatanta da yawancin ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu (PPP) ya fara aiki a [[Senegal]] tun daga shekarar 1996, tare da [[Senegalaise des Eaux]] (SDE, wani reshe na [[:fr:Groupe SAUR|Saur International]] ) abokin hulɗa mai zaman kansa. SDE ba ta da tsarin ruwa, amma tana kula da shi bisa yarjejeniyar shekaru 10 daga gwamnatin Senegal. Tsakanin 1996 da 2014, tallace-tallacen ruwa sun ninka zuwa mita cubic miliyan 131 a kowace shekara; adadin haɗin gidaje ya ƙaru da kashi 165 cikin ɗari, zuwa sama da 638,000. A cewar Bankin Duniya, "Ana ɗaukar lamarin Senegal a matsayin misali na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara". Kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa shine ke kula da najasa, tsaftace ruwan shara da magudanar ruwan sama, wanda aka yi wa kamfanin tsaftar muhalli na ƙasa na [[Tunisiya]] kuma ya keɓance a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka. == Samun dama == A shekarar 2015, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar Senegal sun sami damar samun akalla tushen ruwa guda ɗaya, kuma kashi 48 cikin 100 sun sami damar samun tsaftar muhalli. Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin samar da ruwa a birane (kashi 91 cikin 100 na samun ruwa) da yankunan karkara (kashi 63 cikin 100). Yawan samun tsaftar muhalli ya kuma bambanta sosai tsakanin yankunan birane da karkara, inda kashi 66 cikin 100 na al'ummar birane ke da hanyar samun tsaftar muhalli, kuma kashi 35 cikin 100 na al'ummar karkara ke da hanyar samun ruwa. A yankunan birane, kashi 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar suna da hanyar samun ruwa a gidajensu ko kuma a gidajensu, kuma kashi 17 cikin 100 sun dogara ne da wuraren samar da ruwa da [[Famfon titi mai tsayi|bututun ruwa]] . <ref name="JMP">{{Cite web |title=WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217095912/http://www.wssinfo.org/en/watquery.html |archive-date=2008-12-17 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Kashi 19 cikin 100 na al'ummar biranen ƙasar suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta magudanar ruwa, kuma kashi 60 cikin 100 suna da hanyar samun ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tankunan feshi ko kuma ingantattun bayan gida na gida. <ref name="JMP" /> Tushe: Shirin Hadin Gwiwa na Kula da Ruwa da Tsafta na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] da [[UNICEF]] Babban tushen waɗannan alkaluma shine binciken Senegal, wani ɓangare na [[World Health Survey|Binciken Lafiya na Duniya]] na WHO na 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation: Water Senegal |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213140320/http://www.wssinfo.org/pdf/country/SEN_wat.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> Adadin samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a yankunan birane (kashi 92) ya ɗan yi ƙasa da adadin da kamfanin samar da ruwa na SDE ya ruwaito kuma Bankin Duniya ya ambato (kashi 98). <ref name="IDA">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/home |website=World Bank}}</ref> == Sabis == [[Samar da Ruwa|Samar da ruwa]] a [[Dakar]] da sauran biranen Senegal yana ci gaba da gudana. A shekarar 1994, an samar da sabis na tsawon matsakaicin sa'o'i 16 a kowace rana. Ganin karuwar buƙata daga sabbin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma ƙuntatawa kan albarkatun ruwa, kamfanin mai zaman kansa ya fara rarraba katsewar samar da ruwa daidai wa daida a tsakanin unguwannin Dakar. An ƙara matsakaicin sa'o'in samar da ruwa a kowace rana zuwa 19 a shekarar 2001, kuma an samu ci gaba da samar da ruwa a shekarar 2006; an samu nasarar hakan ne ta hanyar faɗaɗa bututun ruwa daga Lac de Guiers a shekarar 1999. A shekarar 2004, kashi 97.7 cikin ɗari na samfuran ruwa sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ruwa na ƙwayoyin cuta (sama da kashi 96 cikin ɗari a shekarar 1996). <ref name="BIDE">{{Cite web |title=Error - System Unavailable |url=https://message.worldbank.org/isp_error_page.htm |website=message.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Albarkatun ruwa == [[Fayil:River_gambia_Niokolokoba_National_Park.gif|alt=Aerial photo of a large, muddy river flowing past forests|thumb|Kogin Gambiya dake [[Filin shakatawa na Niokolo-Koba|dajin Niokolo-Koba na kasar]] Senegal]] [[Fayil:SaloumULM.JPG|alt=Aerial photo of a river flowing through a desert with some vegetation|thumb|Kogin Saloum dake tsakiyar kasar Senegal]] Yanayin ƙasar Senegal yana da [[yanayin zafi]], tare da yanayi mai kyau na bushewa da danshi. Ruwan sama na Dakar na shekara-shekara kusan {{Convert|600|mm}} yana faɗuwa tsakanin watan Yuni da Oktoba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana farawa daga {{Convert|270|mm}} a kowace shekara a arewa zuwa {{Convert|1793|mm}} kowace shekara a kudu. Yanayin zafin ciki ya fi yadda yake a bakin teku. Babban albarkatun ruwa a ƙasar shine [[Kogin Senegal]] a arewa, wanda ke rabawa da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Mali]] da [[Gini|Guinea]] . Matsakaicin kwararar ruwansa shine mita biliyan 37 na cubic a kowace shekara. Lac de Guiers muhimmin ma'ajiyar ruwa ne a saman delta na Kogin Senegal, tare da ajiyar kusan mita miliyan 500 na cubic. Ita ce babbar hanyar samun ruwa mai kyau ga Dakar, ɗaruruwan kilomita kudu maso yamma, ta hanyar bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Duk da cewa ruwan kogin Senegal yana da yawa, ruwa a mafi yawan sauran ƙasar ba shi da yawa. Sauran manyan wuraren ruwa a saman ƙasa sun haɗa da [[Kogin Casamance]], [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]], Kogin Saloum, Kogin Geba, Kogin Falémé da tafkin Tamna kusa da Thiès . Senegal tana da kimanin mita cubic biliyan uku na ruwan karkashin kasa mai sabuntawa, ban da ruwan karkashin kasa wanda ya mamaye ruwan saman. Jimillar kudaden da aka cire a shekarar 1987 sun kai mita cubic biliyan 1.4, wanda kashi 92 cikin 100 na noma ne, kashi uku cikin 100 na masana'antu da kuma kashi biyar cikin 100 na amfanin gida. Tanadin ruwan karkashin kasa ya hada da magudanar ruwa har zuwa {{Convert|20|m}} zurfi a cikin Casamance da {{Convert|40|-|60|m}} a cikin zurfin Kaolack da [[Tamba, Senegal|Tamba]], da kuma fitar da amfanin gona kusa da Dakar da Thiès. Sun kuma haɗa da magudanar ruwa a zurfin {{Convert|200|-|400|m}} . An kiyasta cewa jimillar ribar ruwan ƙasa ta kai mita cubic biliyan bakwai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SDE: D'où vient l'eau distribuée par la SDE |url=http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110131936/http://www.sde.sn/h2oeaudistribuee.htm |archive-date=2008-11-10 |access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] ==manazarta== lvgm8g7pnp85pf671g6zqjzdtvwq68m 0 152577 841114 2026-05-28T07:37:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340810577|Lake Kanyaboli]]" 841114 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Kanyaboli''' shine Tafkin oxbow mafi girma a Kenya kuma na biyu mafi girma a Afirka, wanda aka kafa bayan Kogin Yala ya rabu da shi a matakin meander, ya bar tafkin U-shaped. Ana samun tafkin a cikin Siaya County a yammacin Kenya kuma gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi iri-iri waɗanda kusan sun ɓace daga Tafkin Victoria, tafkin ruwa mafi girma a ƙasar. == Wurin da yake == Yala Swamp a bakin Kogin Yala ya rufe kimanin kilomita 175 (68 sq tare da iyakar arewacin Tafkin Victoria . {{Sfn|Okuna|2019}} Yankin ya ƙunshi hekta 1,500 (3,700 acres) Tafkin Kanyaboli, wani wuri mai laushi mai laushi tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 3 (9.8 , wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta kogin Nzoia da Yala ke ciyarwa da shi da kuma ruwa daga Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Lake Kanyaboli – Kenya GNF}} A baya Kogin Yala ya gudana ta gabashin 20% na Yala Swamp zuwa Tafkin Kanyaboli, sannan zuwa cikin babban tafki, sannan ta hanyar karamin gulf zuwa Tafkin Victoria. A yau an zubar da gabashin tafkin, kuma kogin yana gudana kai tsaye cikin babban tafkin mai girman hekta 8,000 (20,000 acres). An yanke shi daga Tafkin Kanyaboli ta hanyar laka-layyar yumbu. Tafkin Kanyaboli yanzu yana karɓar ruwansa daga yankin da ke kewaye da shi kuma daga baya daga tafkin.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} == Amfanin muhalli == Tafkin Kanyaboli yana ba da mafaka ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu ba sa cikin Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Lake Kanyaboli – Kenya GNF}} Gabatar da Kogin Nilu (''Lates niloticus'') zuwa Tafkin Victoria ya haifar da bala'in muhalli wanda ke barazanar lalata yanayin tafkin. A baya masunta na tafkin sun kama daruruwan nau'ikan kifi, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance na musamman. A yau sun dogara da Silver cyprinid (''Rastrineobola argentea'') wanda aka sani da "Omena" ko "Dagaa" tsakanin al'ummomin Gabashin Afirka, Nile Perch da Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''). A cikin 1988 Ƙungiyar Kare Duniya ta lissafa daruruwan nau'ikan kifi na musamman a matsayin masu haɗari. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kifaye har yanzu suna bunƙasa a Tafkin Kanyaboli, gami da wasu nau'ikan ''Haplochromis'' da ba a sani ba, Singida tilapia (''Oreochromis esculentus'') da Victoria tilapia ("''Oreochromis variabilis''). {{Sfn|Maithya|1998}} == Barazanar da kiyayewa == Tafkin Kanyaboli yana daga cikin daruruwan yanayin halittu waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar lalacewa a cikin ƙasar. Kamar dan uwansa oxbow lake a cikin Rift Valley, Lake Kamnarok, wani wurin ajiyar wasan wanda a halin yanzu yana gab da rasa darajarsa, Lake Kanyaboli ma yana kan hanyar zama tarihi. A farkon watan Mayu, 2023, tafkin ya karya dukkan tafkunan bayan ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin kuma ya rasa ruwansa a cikin tsoro fiye da mako guda. Ruwa ya share duk abin da ke kan hanyarsa, ya lalata dubban kadada na gonaki kuma ya bar daruruwan iyalai ba tare da gida ba. A cewar rahoton Nation Media, tafkin ya rasa fiye da 50% na girmansa, kuma idan ba a dauki mataki na gaggawa ba, to rayuwar al'ummomin da suka dogara da shi za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adinasi |first=Kassim |date=2023-05-15 |title=Tragedy unfolding in Siaya after lake breaks dykes and flows to farmland |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/siaya/tragedy-unfolding-in-siaya-after-lake-breaks-dykes-and-flows-to-farmland-4235554 |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 023ebdx2oj7w8ai647sdackn146ouac 841115 841114 2026-05-28T07:38:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 841115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Kanyaboli''' shine Tafkin oxbow mafi girma a Kenya kuma na biyu mafi girma a Afirka, wanda aka kafa bayan Kogin Yala ya rabu da shi a matakin meander, ya bar tafkin U-shaped. Ana samun tafkin a cikin Siaya County a yammacin Kenya kuma gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi iri-iri waɗanda kusan sun ɓace daga Tafkin Victoria, tafkin ruwa mafi girma a ƙasar. == Wurin da yake == Yala Swamp a bakin Kogin Yala ya rufe kimanin kilomita 175 (68 sq tare da iyakar arewacin Tafkin Victoria . {{Sfn|Okuna|2019}} Yankin ya ƙunshi hekta 1,500 (3,700 acres) Tafkin Kanyaboli, wani wuri mai laushi mai laushi tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 3 (9.8 , wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta kogin Nzoia da Yala ke ciyarwa da shi da kuma ruwa daga Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Lake Kanyaboli – Kenya GNF}} A baya Kogin Yala ya gudana ta gabashin 20% na Yala Swamp zuwa Tafkin Kanyaboli, sannan zuwa cikin babban tafki, sannan ta hanyar karamin gulf zuwa Tafkin Victoria. A yau an zubar da gabashin tafkin, kuma kogin yana gudana kai tsaye cikin babban tafkin mai girman hekta 8,000 (20,000 acres). An yanke shi daga Tafkin Kanyaboli ta hanyar laka-layyar yumbu. Tafkin Kanyaboli yanzu yana karɓar ruwansa daga yankin da ke kewaye da shi kuma daga baya daga tafkin.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} == Amfanin muhalli == Tafkin Kanyaboli yana ba da mafaka ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu ba sa cikin Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Lake Kanyaboli – Kenya GNF}} Gabatar da Kogin Nilu (''Lates niloticus'') zuwa Tafkin Victoria ya haifar da bala'in muhalli wanda ke barazanar lalata yanayin tafkin. A baya masunta na tafkin sun kama daruruwan nau'ikan kifi, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance na musamman. A yau sun dogara da Silver cyprinid (''Rastrineobola argentea'') wanda aka sani da "Omena" ko "Dagaa" tsakanin al'ummomin Gabashin Afirka, Nile Perch da Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''). A cikin 1988 Ƙungiyar Kare Duniya ta lissafa daruruwan nau'ikan kifi na musamman a matsayin masu haɗari. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kifaye har yanzu suna bunƙasa a Tafkin Kanyaboli, gami da wasu nau'ikan ''Haplochromis'' da ba a sani ba, Singida tilapia (''Oreochromis esculentus'') da Victoria tilapia ("''Oreochromis variabilis''). {{Sfn|Maithya|1998}} == Barazanar da kiyayewa == Tafkin Kanyaboli yana daga cikin daruruwan yanayin halittu waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar lalacewa a cikin ƙasar. Kamar dan uwansa oxbow lake a cikin Rift Valley, Lake Kamnarok, wani wurin ajiyar wasan wanda a halin yanzu yana gab da rasa darajarsa, Lake Kanyaboli ma yana kan hanyar zama tarihi. A farkon watan Mayu, 2023, tafkin ya karya dukkan tafkunan bayan ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin kuma ya rasa ruwansa a cikin tsoro fiye da mako guda. Ruwa ya share duk abin da ke kan hanyarsa, ya lalata dubban kadada na gonaki kuma ya bar daruruwan iyalai ba tare da gida ba. A cewar rahoton Nation Media, tafkin ya rasa fiye da 50% na girmansa, kuma idan ba a dauki mataki na gaggawa ba, to rayuwar al'ummomin da suka dogara da shi za su shafi mummunan rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adinasi |first=Kassim |date=2023-05-15 |title=Tragedy unfolding in Siaya after lake breaks dykes and flows to farmland |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/siaya/tragedy-unfolding-in-siaya-after-lake-breaks-dykes-and-flows-to-farmland-4235554 |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5e219dvzmwky8jfmoa1jh3p6azqso8q 0 152578 841117 2026-05-28T07:39:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331090568|Mamelles Desalination Plant]]" 841117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri na Mamelles''' wani kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri ne da ake ginawa a birnin [[Dakar]] da ke [[Senegal]] . Gwamnatin Senegal ce ke gina wannan wurin, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya ta Japan (JICA). Kamfanin samar da ruwan famfo na ƙasar Senegal (Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal), ''SONES'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin a madadin gwamnatin Senegal, kuma kamfanin mai zaman kansa na Japan ''Nippon Koei'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin, a madadin JICA. An fara ginin a watan Yunin 2022, a kan kuɗin da aka ware na Yuro miliyan 200 da kuma ana sa ran samar da ruwan {{Convert|50000|m3|liter}} na ruwan sha mai tsafta kowace rana a mataki na farko, wanda za a iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa {{Convert|100000|m3|liter}} kowace rana, a mataki na biyu. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> == Wuri == Kamfanin tace gishirin yana nan a bakin tekun Mamelles, a cikin kwamintin Ouakam, a bakin [[Tekun Atalanta|tekun Atlantika]], kimanin {{Convert|10|km|0}} ta hanya, arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Dakar, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Senegal. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2020, SONES ta fara shimfida bututu domin isar da ruwan da aka tace daga masana'antar zuwa wani wuri a Dakar inda sabon ruwan zai shiga tsarin rarraba ruwan Dakar. Bututun da ke tsakanin Mamelles zuwa Dakar yana da tsawon {{Convert|10.4|km|0}}, <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> da {{Convert|13.5|km|0}}, a tsawonsa. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2022, shugaban ƙasar Senegal, Macky Sall, ya aza harsashin ginin masana'antar tace gishiri da kanta. <ref name="1R" /> == Bayani == A cewar JICA, an yi nufin aikin ne don "samun isasshen isasshen ruwa don biyan buƙatun birnin Dakar da yankinsa na gaba." <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Japan International Cooperation Agency |date=2018 |title=Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Project |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/africa/senegal/c8h0vm000090rjcr.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]}}</ref> Ana sa ran yawan jama'ar wasu ƙananan hukumomin birnin zai faɗaɗa da kusan kashi 100 cikin 100 tsakanin 2020 da 2035. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ci gaban aikin ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwan: <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 1. Gina masana'antar tace ruwan teku, wacce ke amfani da tsarin tace ruwan teku na baya, inda ake shan lita biyu na ruwan teku, wanda ke samar da lita daya na ruwan da za a iya sha da lita daya na ruwan gishiri mai yawa ( brine ), wanda ake mayar da shi cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin aiki da kulawa na shekaru uku wani bangare ne na kwangilar EPC. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=[[Artelia|Artelia Group]] |date=2020 |title=Les Mamelles sea water desalination plant: Context and Issues |url=https://www.arteliagroup.com/en/expertise/challenges/sustainable-use-resources/drinking-water-production-and-supply/les-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Arteliagroup.com}}</ref> 2. Sanya bututun ruwa na ruwa tare da tsarin famfo don shigar da ruwan teku cikin masana'antar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 3. Shimfida bututu, tare da tsarin famfo da aka haɗa don fitar da ruwan gishirin zuwa cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 4. Shimfida {{Convert|10-15|km|0}} na bututun ruwa, tare da famfo(s) da aka haɗa, don ɗaukar ruwan da aka tace gishiri zuwa Dakar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Ginawa da jadawalin lokaci == An bai wa wata ƙungiya mai suna (a) Toyota Tsusho Corporation (Toyota Tsusho) ta Japan (b) Eiffage Génie Civil (Eiffage) ta Faransa da (c) VA Tech Wabag (Wabag) ta Indiya kwangilar injiniya, sayayya da gini (EPC). An fara ginin ne a watan Mayu na 2022 kuma ana sa ran zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2025. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Peter Wanjala |date=2 June 2022 |title=Construction of Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Plant, the First of its Kind in Senegal, Begins |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-of-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant-the-first-of-its-kind-in-senegal-begins/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Construction Review Online}}</ref> VA Tech Wabag ce ke da alhakin injiniyanci, saye da kuma aiki da kuma kula da kamfanin da aka kammala aikin na tsawon watanni ashirin da huɗu na farko. ''"Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙira, injiniyanci da samar da kayan aikin lantarki, kula da shigarwa da aiwatarwa, sannan a yi aiki da kula da masana'antar na tsawon shekaru biyu."'' <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (13 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ "Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Kamfanin Eiffage Génie Civil ne zai ɗauki nauyin ayyukan ginin, kuma kamfanin Toyota Tsusho Corporation ne zai jagoranci aikin tare. <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> == 'Yan adawa == Ƙungiyoyin masunta na gida, masu gidajen cin abinci na bakin teku da masu zuwa bakin teku na gida, waɗanda masu rajin kare muhalli na gida da na waje ke tallafawa, suna adawa da wannan ci gaba kuma suna gudanar da wani kamfen na hulɗa da jama'a a kan hakan. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A nata ɓangaren, JICA ta ce sakamakon da ba a so ba yana da matuƙar illa, inda fa'idodin suka fi asarar da aka samu. <ref name="5R" /> Gwamnatin Senegal ta bayyana cewa ta gudanar da "dukkan binciken da suka wajaba don kare yanayin halittu na ruwa, rairayin bakin teku, da wuraren gargajiya". <ref name="7R" /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] prc8k6pcs2oe9cz33t37u136hb3bi3n 841118 841117 2026-05-28T07:40:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri na Mamelles''' wani kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri ne da ake ginawa a birnin [[Dakar]] da ke [[Senegal]] . Gwamnatin Senegal ce ke gina wannan wurin, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya ta Japan (JICA). Kamfanin samar da ruwan famfo na ƙasar Senegal (Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal), ''SONES'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin a madadin gwamnatin Senegal, kuma kamfanin mai zaman kansa na Japan ''Nippon Koei'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin, a madadin JICA. An fara ginin a watan Yunin 2022, a kan kuɗin da aka ware na Yuro miliyan 200 da kuma ana sa ran samar da ruwan {{Convert|50000|m3|liter}} na ruwan sha mai tsafta kowace rana a mataki na farko, wanda za a iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa {{Convert|100000|m3|liter}} kowace rana, a mataki na biyu. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> == Wuri == Kamfanin tace gishirin yana nan a bakin tekun Mamelles, a cikin kwamintin Ouakam, a bakin [[Tekun Atalanta|tekun Atlantika]], kimanin {{Convert|10|km|0}} ta hanya, arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Dakar, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Senegal. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2020, SONES ta fara shimfida bututu domin isar da ruwan da aka tace daga masana'antar zuwa wani wuri a Dakar inda sabon ruwan zai shiga tsarin rarraba ruwan Dakar. Bututun da ke tsakanin Mamelles zuwa Dakar yana da tsawon {{Convert|10.4|km|0}}, <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> da {{Convert|13.5|km|0}}, a tsawonsa. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2022, shugaban ƙasar Senegal, Macky Sall, ya aza harsashin ginin masana'antar tace gishiri da kanta. <ref name="1R" /> == Bayani == A cewar JICA, an yi nufin aikin ne don "samun isasshen isasshen ruwa don biyan buƙatun birnin Dakar da yankinsa na gaba." <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Japan International Cooperation Agency |date=2018 |title=Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Project |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/africa/senegal/c8h0vm000090rjcr.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]}}</ref> Ana sa ran yawan jama'ar wasu ƙananan hukumomin birnin zai faɗaɗa da kusan kashi 100 cikin 100 tsakanin 2020 da 2035. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ci gaban aikin ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwan: <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 1. Gina masana'antar tace ruwan teku, wacce ke amfani da tsarin tace ruwan teku na baya, inda ake shan lita biyu na ruwan teku, wanda ke samar da lita daya na ruwan da za a iya sha da lita daya na ruwan gishiri mai yawa ( brine ), wanda ake mayar da shi cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin aiki da kulawa na shekaru uku wani bangare ne na kwangilar EPC. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=[[Artelia|Artelia Group]] |date=2020 |title=Les Mamelles sea water desalination plant: Context and Issues |url=https://www.arteliagroup.com/en/expertise/challenges/sustainable-use-resources/drinking-water-production-and-supply/les-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Arteliagroup.com}}</ref> 2. Sanya bututun ruwa na ruwa tare da tsarin famfo don shigar da ruwan teku cikin masana'antar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 3. Shimfida bututu, tare da tsarin famfo da aka haɗa don fitar da ruwan gishirin zuwa cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 4. Shimfida {{Convert|10-15|km|0}} na bututun ruwa, tare da famfo(s) da aka haɗa, don ɗaukar ruwan da aka tace gishiri zuwa Dakar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Ginawa da jadawalin lokaci == An bai wa wata ƙungiya mai suna (a) Toyota Tsusho Corporation (Toyota Tsusho) ta Japan (b) Eiffage Génie Civil (Eiffage) ta Faransa da (c) VA Tech Wabag (Wabag) ta Indiya kwangilar injiniya, sayayya da gini (EPC). An fara ginin ne a watan Mayu na 2022 kuma ana sa ran zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2025. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Peter Wanjala |date=2 June 2022 |title=Construction of Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Plant, the First of its Kind in Senegal, Begins |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-of-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant-the-first-of-its-kind-in-senegal-begins/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Construction Review Online}}</ref> VA Tech Wabag ce ke da alhakin injiniyanci, saye da kuma aiki da kuma kula da kamfanin da aka kammala aikin na tsawon watanni ashirin da huɗu na farko. ''"Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙira, injiniyanci da samar da kayan aikin lantarki, kula da shigarwa da aiwatarwa, sannan a yi aiki da kula da masana'antar na tsawon shekaru biyu."'' <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (13 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ "Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Kamfanin Eiffage Génie Civil ne zai ɗauki nauyin ayyukan ginin, kuma kamfanin Toyota Tsusho Corporation ne zai jagoranci aikin tare. <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> == 'Yan adawa == Ƙungiyoyin masunta na gida, masu gidajen cin abinci na bakin teku da masu zuwa bakin teku na gida, waɗanda masu rajin kare muhalli na gida da na waje ke tallafawa, suna adawa da wannan ci gaba kuma suna gudanar da wani kamfen na hulɗa da jama'a a kan hakan. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A nata ɓangaren, JICA ta ce sakamakon da ba a so ba yana da matuƙar illa, inda fa'idodin suka fi asarar da aka samu. <ref name="5R" /> Gwamnatin Senegal ta bayyana cewa ta gudanar da "dukkan binciken da suka wajaba don kare yanayin halittu na ruwa, rairayin bakin teku, da wuraren gargajiya". <ref name="7R" /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta=/ fdg2hxvl0up4oki1vt0kozikbdkpiau 841120 841118 2026-05-28T07:40:40Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri na Mamelles''' wani kamfanin tace ruwan gishiri ne da ake ginawa a birnin [[Dakar]] da ke [[Senegal]] . Gwamnatin Senegal ce ke gina wannan wurin, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya ta Japan (JICA). Kamfanin samar da ruwan famfo na ƙasar Senegal (Société Nationale des Eaux du Senegal), ''SONES'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin a madadin gwamnatin Senegal, kuma kamfanin mai zaman kansa na Japan ''Nippon Koei'', ne ke haɓaka wannan aikin, a madadin JICA. An fara ginin a watan Yunin 2022, a kan kuɗin da aka ware na Yuro miliyan 200 da kuma ana sa ran samar da ruwan {{Convert|50000|m3|liter}} na ruwan sha mai tsafta kowace rana a mataki na farko, wanda za a iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa {{Convert|100000|m3|liter}} kowace rana, a mataki na biyu. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> == Wuri == Kamfanin tace gishirin yana nan a bakin tekun Mamelles, a cikin kwamintin Ouakam, a bakin [[Tekun Atalanta|tekun Atlantika]], kimanin {{Convert|10|km|0}} ta hanya, arewa maso yamma da tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Dakar, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Senegal. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2020, SONES ta fara shimfida bututu domin isar da ruwan da aka tace daga masana'antar zuwa wani wuri a Dakar inda sabon ruwan zai shiga tsarin rarraba ruwan Dakar. Bututun da ke tsakanin Mamelles zuwa Dakar yana da tsawon {{Convert|10.4|km|0}}, <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> da {{Convert|13.5|km|0}}, a tsawonsa. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2022, shugaban ƙasar Senegal, Macky Sall, ya aza harsashin ginin masana'antar tace gishiri da kanta. <ref name="1R" /> == Bayani == A cewar JICA, an yi nufin aikin ne don "samun isasshen isasshen ruwa don biyan buƙatun birnin Dakar da yankinsa na gaba." <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Japan International Cooperation Agency |date=2018 |title=Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Project |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/africa/senegal/c8h0vm000090rjcr.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]}}</ref> Ana sa ran yawan jama'ar wasu ƙananan hukumomin birnin zai faɗaɗa da kusan kashi 100 cikin 100 tsakanin 2020 da 2035. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ci gaban aikin ya ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwan: <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 1. Gina masana'antar tace ruwan teku, wacce ke amfani da tsarin tace ruwan teku na baya, inda ake shan lita biyu na ruwan teku, wanda ke samar da lita daya na ruwan da za a iya sha da lita daya na ruwan gishiri mai yawa ( brine ), wanda ake mayar da shi cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin aiki da kulawa na shekaru uku wani bangare ne na kwangilar EPC. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=[[Artelia|Artelia Group]] |date=2020 |title=Les Mamelles sea water desalination plant: Context and Issues |url=https://www.arteliagroup.com/en/expertise/challenges/sustainable-use-resources/drinking-water-production-and-supply/les-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Arteliagroup.com}}</ref> 2. Sanya bututun ruwa na ruwa tare da tsarin famfo don shigar da ruwan teku cikin masana'antar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 3. Shimfida bututu, tare da tsarin famfo da aka haɗa don fitar da ruwan gishirin zuwa cikin teku. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> 4. Shimfida {{Convert|10-15|km|0}} na bututun ruwa, tare da famfo(s) da aka haɗa, don ɗaukar ruwan da aka tace gishiri zuwa Dakar. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=15 September 2020 |title=Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFInès_Magoum2020">Inès Magoum (15 September 2020). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-mamelles-desalination-project-enters-its-final-phase/ "Senegal: Mamelles desalination project enters its final phase"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Ginawa da jadawalin lokaci == An bai wa wata ƙungiya mai suna (a) Toyota Tsusho Corporation (Toyota Tsusho) ta Japan (b) Eiffage Génie Civil (Eiffage) ta Faransa da (c) VA Tech Wabag (Wabag) ta Indiya kwangilar injiniya, sayayya da gini (EPC). An fara ginin ne a watan Mayu na 2022 kuma ana sa ran zai ɗauki tsawon lokaci har zuwa 2025. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Peter Wanjala |date=2 June 2022 |title=Construction of Mamelles Sea Water Desalination Plant, the First of its Kind in Senegal, Begins |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-of-mamelles-sea-water-desalination-plant-the-first-of-its-kind-in-senegal-begins/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Construction Review Online}}</ref> VA Tech Wabag ce ke da alhakin injiniyanci, saye da kuma aiki da kuma kula da kamfanin da aka kammala aikin na tsawon watanni ashirin da huɗu na farko. ''"Wannan ya ƙunshi ƙira, injiniyanci da samar da kayan aikin lantarki, kula da shigarwa da aiwatarwa, sannan a yi aiki da kula da masana'antar na tsawon shekaru biyu."'' <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (13 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ "Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Kamfanin Eiffage Génie Civil ne zai ɗauki nauyin ayyukan ginin, kuma kamfanin Toyota Tsusho Corporation ne zai jagoranci aikin tare. <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=13 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Eiffage, Wabag and Toyota win the Mamelles desalination contract |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-eiffage-wabag-and-toyota-win-the-mamelles-desalination-contract/ |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> == 'Yan adawa == Ƙungiyoyin masunta na gida, masu gidajen cin abinci na bakin teku da masu zuwa bakin teku na gida, waɗanda masu rajin kare muhalli na gida da na waje ke tallafawa, suna adawa da wannan ci gaba kuma suna gudanar da wani kamfen na hulɗa da jama'a a kan hakan. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 June 2022 |title=Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022">Jean Marie Takouleu (3 June 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/senegal-criticised-mamelles-desalination-plant-now-under-construction/ "Senegal: Criticised Mamelles desalination plant now under construction"]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Théa Ollivier |date=2 May 2022 |title=In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[Le Monde]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThéa_Ollivier2022">Théa Ollivier (2 May 2022). [https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-afrique/article/2022/05/02/in-senegal-many-are-feeling-salty-about-a-proposed-desalination-plant_5982231_12.html "In Senegal, many are feeling salty about a proposed desalination plant"]. ''[[Le Monde]]''. Paris, France<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A nata ɓangaren, JICA ta ce sakamakon da ba a so ba yana da matuƙar illa, inda fa'idodin suka fi asarar da aka samu. <ref name="5R" /> Gwamnatin Senegal ta bayyana cewa ta gudanar da "dukkan binciken da suka wajaba don kare yanayin halittu na ruwa, rairayin bakin teku, da wuraren gargajiya". <ref name="7R" /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== ljs6dpwf3y9o1grf3p42hpw6ehzz8xa 0 152579 841119 2026-05-28T07:40:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1158204093|Lake Kenyatta]]" 841119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin [[Kenya]]''', wanda kuma '''Tafkin Mukunganya''', tafki ne a cikin Lamu County, a kudu maso gabashin Kenya. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin yana cikin gundumar Lamu, kimanin {{Convert|2.5|km|0}}, <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=9 April 2016 |title=Distance between Mpeketoni, Lamu, Kenya and Lake Mukunganya, Lamu, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mpeketoni%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Lake%20Mukunganya%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJ_xuU3pL-FhgRxcrtFhFTOzU&dt2=ChIJiQ6Y6Cv5FhgRKfbCBgRLiLU |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> kudu maso yammacin garin Mpeketoni . (an kiyasta yawan jama'a 50,000 a shekarar 2015). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kayomani |date=9 April 2016 |title=Bajuni Modern History: Mpeketoni - The History of the Settlement |url=http://allbajuni.com/2015/06/bajuni-modern-history-mpeketoni-history-of-the-settlement/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423015030/http://allbajuni.com/2015/06/bajuni-modern-history-mpeketoni-history-of-the-settlement/ |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Allbajuni.com}}</ref> Wannan kimanin {{Convert|50|km|0}}, ta hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na [[Lamu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=9 April 2016 |title=Distance between Lake Mukunganya, Lamu, Kenya and Kikoni Landing Site, C112, Lamu, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Lake%20Mukunganya%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Kikoni%20Landing%20Site%2C%20C112%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJiQ6Y6Cv5FhgRKfbCBgRLiLU&dt2=ChIJgSNu-iQaFxgR0BQ2jyapuTQ |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Daidaito na tafkin sune: 2°24'45.0"S, 40°40'53.0"E (Latitude:-2.412494; Longitude:40.681396). == Dabbobi == Tafkin yana tallafawa garken Hippopotami, zebra, [[Biri|birai]], waterbuck, [[Ɓauna|buffalo]] da warthog. Har ila yau, ana samun tsuntsayen daji da yawa a nan.<ref name="Die">{{Cite web |last=Praxides |first=Cheti |date=9 January 2015 |title=Kenya: Lake Kenyatta in Mpeketoni Is Dying, Experts Warn |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501091401.html |access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> == Rashin ruwa == Saboda mamayewa daga yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri a Mpeketoni, tafkin yana raguwa sakamakon (a) silting (b) mutane da ke mamaye wuraren da ke cikin ruwa (c) hakowa da yawa a cikin yankin da kuma (d) mamayewa da manyan garken shanu na gida.<ref name="Die">{{Cite web |last=Praxides |first=Cheti |date=9 January 2015 |title=Kenya: Lake Kenyatta in Mpeketoni Is Dying, Experts Warn |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501091401.html |access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley * Jerin koguna na Kenya * Mpeketoni == Manazarta == agq0748t86obboymr7k5uv5ggpt3ao3 841121 841119 2026-05-28T07:40:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 841121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin [[Kenya]]''', wanda kuma '''Tafkin Mukunganya''', tafki ne a cikin Lamu County, a kudu maso gabashin Kenya. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin yana cikin gundumar Lamu, kimanin {{Convert|2.5|km|0}}, <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=9 April 2016 |title=Distance between Mpeketoni, Lamu, Kenya and Lake Mukunganya, Lamu, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mpeketoni%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Lake%20Mukunganya%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJ_xuU3pL-FhgRxcrtFhFTOzU&dt2=ChIJiQ6Y6Cv5FhgRKfbCBgRLiLU |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> kudu maso yammacin garin Mpeketoni . (an kiyasta yawan jama'a 50,000 a shekarar 2015). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kayomani |date=9 April 2016 |title=Bajuni Modern History: Mpeketoni - The History of the Settlement |url=http://allbajuni.com/2015/06/bajuni-modern-history-mpeketoni-history-of-the-settlement/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423015030/http://allbajuni.com/2015/06/bajuni-modern-history-mpeketoni-history-of-the-settlement/ |archive-date=23 April 2016 |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Allbajuni.com}}</ref> Wannan kimanin {{Convert|50|km|0}}, ta hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na [[Lamu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=9 April 2016 |title=Distance between Lake Mukunganya, Lamu, Kenya and Kikoni Landing Site, C112, Lamu, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Lake%20Mukunganya%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Kikoni%20Landing%20Site%2C%20C112%2C%20Lamu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJiQ6Y6Cv5FhgRKfbCBgRLiLU&dt2=ChIJgSNu-iQaFxgR0BQ2jyapuTQ |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Daidaito na tafkin sune: 2°24'45.0"S, 40°40'53.0"E (Latitude:-2.412494; Longitude:40.681396). == Dabbobi == Tafkin yana tallafawa garken Hippopotami, zebra, [[Biri|birai]], waterbuck, [[Ɓauna|buffalo]] da warthog. Har ila yau, ana samun tsuntsayen daji da yawa a nan.<ref name="Die">{{Cite web |last=Praxides |first=Cheti |date=9 January 2015 |title=Kenya: Lake Kenyatta in Mpeketoni Is Dying, Experts Warn |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501091401.html |access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> == Rashin ruwa == Saboda mamayewa daga yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri a Mpeketoni, tafkin yana raguwa sakamakon (a) silting (b) mutane da ke mamaye wuraren da ke cikin ruwa (c) hakowa da yawa a cikin yankin da kuma (d) mamayewa da manyan garken shanu na gida.<ref name="Die">{{Cite web |last=Praxides |first=Cheti |date=9 January 2015 |title=Kenya: Lake Kenyatta in Mpeketoni Is Dying, Experts Warn |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501091401.html |access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkunan Rift Valley * Jerin koguna na Kenya * Mpeketoni == Manazarta == ob3o0ux7nrmmp0gattctemu8axlibgv 0 152580 841122 2026-05-28T07:41:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327478184|Kesses Dam]]" 841122 wikitext text/x-wiki Kesses Dam (ko '''Lake Lessos''') wani karamin tafki ne da mutum ya yi a [[Kenya]]. Yana daya daga cikin maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Yala. Ana amfani dashi azaman tushen ruwa don ban ruwa da amfani da gida, da kuma jirgin ruwa da sauran ayyukan ruwa. == Wurin da yake == Kesses Dam yana cikin Kesses Sub County na Uasin Gishu County, a kan tudu a cikin Rift Valley . Yanayin yana da sanyi kuma yana da matsakaici.{{Sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} Yankin yana da ƙasa mai tsawo tare da tsaunuka masu matsakaici tare da raguwa mai zurfi. Akwai wuraren da ke da ruwa da ƙananan rafi na dindindin.{{Sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008}} Kesses Dam yana da kilomita 31 (19 kudu da garin Eldoret da kilomita 6 (3.7 gabashin babban harabar [[Jami'ar Moi]], a tsawo na mita 2,750 (9,020 . Yana karɓar mafi yawan ruwansa daga kogin Tarakwa da Nderugut, waɗanda ke shiga tafkin daga gabas ta hanyar tafkin ''Typha latifolia'' da nau'in ''Cyperus''. Yankin da aka karɓa yana da kimanin hekta 1,720 (acre 4,300). {{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 tafkin yana da yanki na hekta 189 (acre 470). Matsakaicin zurfin shine mita 3 (9.8 . Hanyar fita ita ce Kogin Sambul zuwa yamma.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} Wannan tafkin yana daya daga cikin manyan maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Yala.{{Sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008}} == Ci gaba == Gidan madatsar ruwan da farko ya kasance bakin ciki a gonar wani dan kasar Denmark mai mulkin mallaka, Eric Jorgensen, wanda ya rufe kimanin kadada 500 (200 na makiyaya marasa kyau. Jorgensen ya sami goyon bayan maƙwabtansa shida don gina madatsar ruwa, wanda ya kai £ 3,000. A cikin kwanaki 50 koguna biyu sun cika tafkin, wanda ke da makamai biyu, 1.5 da 1.25 mil (2.41 da 2.01 tsawo bi da bi. Ya zuwa shekara ta 1967 akwai kulob din jirgin ruwa a madatsar ruwan.{{Sfn|Ayre}} [[Fayil:LessosDam.jpg|alt=Lessos Dam late 1960's|left|thumb|Lessos Dam ƙarshen shekarun 1960]] A lokacin muhawara ta majalisa ta Mayu 1984 game da kafa [[Jami'ar Moi]] a Eldoret an nuna cewa Tafkin Lessos yana kusa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tabkuna da mutum ya yi, don haka sabuwar jami'ar za ta sami wadataccen ruwa, muhimmiyar la'akari saboda yanayin bushe. Ba a amfani da tafkin a lokacin. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don gwaje-gwaje ta ɗalibai da ke karɓar darussan kamun kifi, da kuma kulob din jirgin ruwa.{{Sfn|arap Saina|1984}} An shigar da babban bututun ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa zuwa jami'a.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} A cikin muhawara ta majalisa a shekarar 1991 an lura cewa madatsar ruwan a halin yanzu tana samar da Jami'ar Moi kawai. Koyaya, an sanya madatsar ruwan sama, yana faɗaɗa tafkin don riƙe ƙarin ruwa, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don samar da gidaje a yankin.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} Ana ci gaba da aiki don haɓaka tsawo na madatsar ruwan kuma ana ci gaba da bincike don kawo ruwa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da Cibiyar Kesses, Makarantar Sakandare ta Kesses, yankin Bombay da wuraren zama tsakanin Cibiyar Kesse da Jami'ar Moi.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} == Dabbobi na daji == A cikin 1978-1988 an yi amfani da tafkin don yin hunturu ta hanyar nau'ikan duck masu ƙaura da yawa. Matsakaicin lambobi na shekara-shekara sune Wigeon: 8, Arewacin pintail: 45, [[Kakira|Garganey]]: 105 da Shoveler: 60.{{Sfn|Pearson|Meadows|1977}} Kifi na farko da aka gabatar shi ne ''Tilapiine cichlids'' .{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} A cikin 1990 da 1996 an gabatar da kimanin yatsa 5,000 na Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''). An kuma lura da nau'in ''Barbus'' da ''Gambusia''.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} An samo kwayar cutar ''Clinostomum'' a cikin kashi 75% na samfurin kifi da aka dauka a cikin 2010-2011 daga Kesses Dam, tare da matakan da suka fi girma tsakanin maza fiye da mata. Matsakaicin matakan na iya zama saboda wani bangare na ruwa mai guba da ake saki cikin tafkin daga cibiyar birni da makaranta da ke kusa.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} == Ayyuka == Daliban Jami'ar Moi suna amfani da madatsar a matsayin cibiyar nishaɗi, da kuma mutanen yankin da baƙi. Ayyuka sun haɗa da jirgin ruwa, kamun kifi, kallon tsuntsaye da kallon sitatunga.{{Sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} == Manazarta == j6tr8qlfecubt8kz56jxlq33mibvxkl 841124 841122 2026-05-28T07:41:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 841124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kesses Dam''' (ko '''Lake Lessos''') wani karamin tafki ne da mutum ya yi a [[Kenya]]. Yana daya daga cikin maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Yala. Ana amfani dashi azaman tushen ruwa don ban ruwa da amfani da gida, da kuma jirgin ruwa da sauran ayyukan ruwa. == Wurin da yake == Kesses Dam yana cikin Kesses Sub County na Uasin Gishu County, a kan tudu a cikin Rift Valley . Yanayin yana da sanyi kuma yana da matsakaici.{{Sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} Yankin yana da ƙasa mai tsawo tare da tsaunuka masu matsakaici tare da raguwa mai zurfi. Akwai wuraren da ke da ruwa da ƙananan rafi na dindindin.{{Sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008}} Kesses Dam yana da kilomita 31 (19 kudu da garin Eldoret da kilomita 6 (3.7 gabashin babban harabar [[Jami'ar Moi]], a tsawo na mita 2,750 (9,020 . Yana karɓar mafi yawan ruwansa daga kogin Tarakwa da Nderugut, waɗanda ke shiga tafkin daga gabas ta hanyar tafkin ''Typha latifolia'' da nau'in ''Cyperus''. Yankin da aka karɓa yana da kimanin hekta 1,720 (acre 4,300). {{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 tafkin yana da yanki na hekta 189 (acre 470). Matsakaicin zurfin shine mita 3 (9.8 . Hanyar fita ita ce Kogin Sambul zuwa yamma.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} Wannan tafkin yana daya daga cikin manyan maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Yala.{{Sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008}} == Ci gaba == Gidan madatsar ruwan da farko ya kasance bakin ciki a gonar wani dan kasar Denmark mai mulkin mallaka, Eric Jorgensen, wanda ya rufe kimanin kadada 500 (200 na makiyaya marasa kyau. Jorgensen ya sami goyon bayan maƙwabtansa shida don gina madatsar ruwa, wanda ya kai £ 3,000. A cikin kwanaki 50 koguna biyu sun cika tafkin, wanda ke da makamai biyu, 1.5 da 1.25 mil (2.41 da 2.01 tsawo bi da bi. Ya zuwa shekara ta 1967 akwai kulob din jirgin ruwa a madatsar ruwan.{{Sfn|Ayre}} [[Fayil:LessosDam.jpg|alt=Lessos Dam late 1960's|left|thumb|Lessos Dam ƙarshen shekarun 1960]] A lokacin muhawara ta majalisa ta Mayu 1984 game da kafa [[Jami'ar Moi]] a Eldoret an nuna cewa Tafkin Lessos yana kusa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tabkuna da mutum ya yi, don haka sabuwar jami'ar za ta sami wadataccen ruwa, muhimmiyar la'akari saboda yanayin bushe. Ba a amfani da tafkin a lokacin. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don gwaje-gwaje ta ɗalibai da ke karɓar darussan kamun kifi, da kuma kulob din jirgin ruwa.{{Sfn|arap Saina|1984}} An shigar da babban bututun ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa zuwa jami'a.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} A cikin muhawara ta majalisa a shekarar 1991 an lura cewa madatsar ruwan a halin yanzu tana samar da Jami'ar Moi kawai. Koyaya, an sanya madatsar ruwan sama, yana faɗaɗa tafkin don riƙe ƙarin ruwa, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don samar da gidaje a yankin.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} Ana ci gaba da aiki don haɓaka tsawo na madatsar ruwan kuma ana ci gaba da bincike don kawo ruwa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da Cibiyar Kesses, Makarantar Sakandare ta Kesses, yankin Bombay da wuraren zama tsakanin Cibiyar Kesse da Jami'ar Moi.{{Sfn|Wameyo|1991}} == Dabbobi na daji == A cikin 1978-1988 an yi amfani da tafkin don yin hunturu ta hanyar nau'ikan duck masu ƙaura da yawa. Matsakaicin lambobi na shekara-shekara sune Wigeon: 8, Arewacin pintail: 45, [[Kakira|Garganey]]: 105 da Shoveler: 60.{{Sfn|Pearson|Meadows|1977}} Kifi na farko da aka gabatar shi ne ''Tilapiine cichlids'' .{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} A cikin 1990 da 1996 an gabatar da kimanin yatsa 5,000 na Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''). An kuma lura da nau'in ''Barbus'' da ''Gambusia''.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} An samo kwayar cutar ''Clinostomum'' a cikin kashi 75% na samfurin kifi da aka dauka a cikin 2010-2011 daga Kesses Dam, tare da matakan da suka fi girma tsakanin maza fiye da mata. Matsakaicin matakan na iya zama saboda wani bangare na ruwa mai guba da ake saki cikin tafkin daga cibiyar birni da makaranta da ke kusa.{{Sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012}} == Ayyuka == Daliban Jami'ar Moi suna amfani da madatsar a matsayin cibiyar nishaɗi, da kuma mutanen yankin da baƙi. Ayyuka sun haɗa da jirgin ruwa, kamun kifi, kallon tsuntsaye da kallon sitatunga.{{Sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} == Manazarta == 3d8rakjbnen88tt8hlgpni2n9pp8x19 0 152581 841123 2026-05-28T07:41:31Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333053295|Yof Bay]]" 841123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yof Bay''' ( French ) wani bakin teku ne a gefen arewa na yankin Cap-Vert, kai tsaye arewa da tsakiyar birnin [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] . Ya miƙe kudu maso yamma daga garin Kayar zuwa Yoff, wani yanki na Dakar. Gabar teku tana buɗewa zuwa arewa kuma tana cikin yankin yammacin Afirka. Ƙaramin [[Île de Yoff]] yana kusurwar arewa ta bakin teku. <ref name="mapcarta">{{Cite web |title=Baie de Yof |url=http://mapcarta.com/16833622 |access-date=16 October 2016 |website=Mapcarta}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == * [http://www.unesco.org/csi/pub/papers2/yoff7.htm Les Yoffois et leur muhallin yanayi : pêche, noma da yanki] . in Richard Dumez da kuma Moustapha Kâ. Yoff Le Territoire Assiégé: Un village lébou dans la banlieue de Dakar. Dossiers régions côtières et petites îles 7. Unesco (2000) == Manazarta == 43gu58m0xftd3exz50ew21mqg47sfh8 841125 841123 2026-05-28T07:42:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yof Bay''' ( French ) wani bakin teku ne a gefen arewa na yankin Cap-Vert, kai tsaye arewa da tsakiyar birnin [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] . Ya miƙe kudu maso yamma daga garin Kayar zuwa Yoff, wani yanki na Dakar. Gabar teku tana buɗewa zuwa arewa kuma tana cikin yankin yammacin Afirka. Ƙaramin [[Île de Yoff]] yana kusurwar arewa ta bakin teku. <ref name="mapcarta">{{Cite web |title=Baie de Yof |url=http://mapcarta.com/16833622 |access-date=16 October 2016 |website=Mapcarta}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == * [http://www.unesco.org/csi/pub/papers2/yoff7.htm Les Yoffois et leur muhallin yanayi : pêche, noma da yanki] . in Richard Dumez da kuma Moustapha Kâ. Yoff Le Territoire Assiégé: Un village lébou dans la banlieue de Dakar. Dossiers régions côtières et petites îles 7. Unesco (2000) == Manazarta == ke4raru17012z8i3dpuaoo1xvdv8gpq 0 152582 841126 2026-05-28T07:42:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333737881|Lake Logipi]]" 841126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lake_Logipi-4.jpg|alt=See caption|right|thumb|Tafkin daga sama]] '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Logipi''' tafkin gishiri ne, alkaline wanda ke kwance a arewacin ƙarshen Kwarin Suguta a arewacin [[Kenya]] Rift . An raba shi da [[Tafkin Turkana]] ta hanyar Barrier volcanic complex, ƙungiyar matasa masu fitattun wuta waɗanda suka ɓarke a ƙarshen karni na 19 ko farkon karni na 20. Ruwan ruwan zafi na gishiri yana fitowa a gefen arewacin Tafkin Logipi da Cathedral Rocks kusa da iyakar kudancinsa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen kula da ruwa a lokutan matsanancin bushewa. A lokacin ruwan sama, ana sake cajin tafkin daga [[Kogin Suguta]] wanda ke gudana zuwa arewa tare da Kwarin Suguta, lokaci-lokaci yana samar da tafkin wucin gadi (Lake Alablab) wanda ke haɗuwa da Logipi. Tafkin Logipi yana da zurfin mita 3 zuwa 5, kuma yana da kusan 6.&nbsp;faɗin kilomita da 3&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita. Ruwansa yana da sinadarin sodium bicarbonate tare da pH na 9.5-10.5 da gishirin (jimlar gishirin da aka narkar) wanda ya bambanta daga ƙasa da 20 g/L zuwa sama da 50 g/L. Ƙwayoyin gishiri masu narkewa ( trona ) suna nan a gefensa. Flamingoes galibi suna zaune a cikin ruwan gishiri suna cin cyanobacteria ( Arthrospira spp. - wanda a da ake kira Spirulina ) da sauran plankton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathea |first=Chege David |date=November 1, 2009 |title=OUR LAKES, OUR FUTURE |url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/data/ilec/WLC13_Papers/others/5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426070349/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/data/ilec/WLC13_Papers/others/5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |access-date=2011-12-29 |publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation}}</ref> Tafkin Turkana ya faɗaɗa bayan ruwan sama mai tsanani a cikin 2020 kuma ya mamaye Tafkin Logipi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya’s quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Suguta == Manazarta == ezjkpsg5j2fnx5thgnqnjh760lsozbs 841127 841126 2026-05-28T07:42:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 841127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lake_Logipi-4.jpg|alt=See caption|right|thumb|Tafkin daga sama]] '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Logipi''' tafkin gishiri ne, alkaline wanda ke kwance a arewacin ƙarshen Kwarin Suguta a arewacin [[Kenya]] Rift . An raba shi da [[Tafkin Turkana]] ta hanyar Barrier volcanic complex, ƙungiyar matasa masu fitattun wuta waɗanda suka ɓarke a ƙarshen karni na 19 ko farkon karni na 20. Ruwan ruwan zafi na gishiri yana fitowa a gefen arewacin Tafkin Logipi da Cathedral Rocks kusa da iyakar kudancinsa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen kula da ruwa a lokutan matsanancin bushewa. A lokacin ruwan sama, ana sake cajin tafkin daga [[Kogin Suguta]] wanda ke gudana zuwa arewa tare da Kwarin Suguta, lokaci-lokaci yana samar da tafkin wucin gadi (Lake Alablab) wanda ke haɗuwa da Logipi. Tafkin Logipi yana da zurfin mita 3 zuwa 5, kuma yana da kusan 6.&nbsp;faɗin kilomita da 3&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita. Ruwansa yana da sinadarin sodium bicarbonate tare da pH na 9.5-10.5 da gishirin (jimlar gishirin da aka narkar) wanda ya bambanta daga ƙasa da 20 g/L zuwa sama da 50 g/L. Ƙwayoyin gishiri masu narkewa ( trona ) suna nan a gefensa. Flamingoes galibi suna zaune a cikin ruwan gishiri suna cin cyanobacteria ( Arthrospira spp. - wanda a da ake kira Spirulina ) da sauran plankton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathea |first=Chege David |date=November 1, 2009 |title=OUR LAKES, OUR FUTURE |url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/data/ilec/WLC13_Papers/others/5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426070349/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/data/ilec/WLC13_Papers/others/5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |access-date=2011-12-29 |publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation}}</ref> Tafkin Turkana ya faɗaɗa bayan ruwan sama mai tsanani a cikin 2020 kuma ya mamaye Tafkin Logipi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya’s quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Suguta == Manazarta == 8jyz9mwj8i0vw5icgritm7ooim0riet 0 152583 841128 2026-05-28T07:43:24Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328520131|Hann, Senegal]]" 841128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hann''' unguwa ce ta [[Dakar]], babban birnin [[Senegal]] . Tana gefen gabas na ƙaramin yankin kudu da ke fuskantar kudu inda aka gina tsohon birnin Dakar. Unguwar Hann tana gefen bakin teku mai siffar wata mai kama da wata mai suna '''Hann Bay''' . Hann wani ɓangare ne na Hann Bel-Air commune d'arrondissement : wani ɓangare na Sashen Dakar na birni wanda ya mamaye birnin Dakar. Hann yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka huɗu na asali na Lebou na Cap-Vert Peninsula, tare da Yoff, Ngor, da Ouakam . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-16 |title=Why the name: Dakar? |url=https://afrolegends.com/2015/06/16/why-the-name-dakar/ |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=African Heritage}}</ref> == Unguwa == [[Fayil:Hann,_Senegal_-_Horse_and_cars_side_by_side.jpg|thumb|Sufuri a Hann]] Hann yana arewa da yankin Bel-Air, wani dutse mai duwatsu da ke gefen gabas daga Tudun Dakar. A kudu akwai Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Dakar. A yamma akwai unguwannin HLM da Grand Yoff . A arewa akwai Patte d'Oie, a arewa maso gabas kuma, Niayes . Hann yana gangarowa daga babban tudun tsakiyar birnin, yana samar da dogon rairayin bakin teku mai yashi mai haske, wanda aka fi sani da ''Yakh'' . Daga cikin abubuwan tarihi na Hann akwai babban wurin shakatawa [[Parc Forestier de Hann|na Parc Forestier de Hann]], wanda ke arewa maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin Dakar, [[Parc Zoologique de Hann]], da makarantar sakandare ta Cours Sainte Marie de Hann . Yankin, wanda a da ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har yanzu wurin farawa ne ga masunta na gida, a yau yana ƙarƙashin manyan ci gaban masana'antu. == Lalacewar muhalli == Hann Bay yana arewacin yankin masana'antu na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Dakar . A da can ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne, bakin tekun Hann ya zama wurin kyau na gida kusa da tsakiyar Dakar. A farkon ƙarni na 21, masana'antu 71 da ke fitar da ruwan masana'antu a bakin tekun Hann sun ba yankin laƙabin "Shara Bay." A watan Janairun 2009, gwamnatin Senegal ta sanar da rancen Yuro miliyan 50 daga Faransa da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai don ɗaukar nauyin aikin Ofishin Ƙasa na Kare Muhalli na Senegal (ONAS) don tsaftace Hann Bay. Zai zama babban aikin tsaftace masana'antu na farko a Senegal. Shirin shine tsaftace yankin da kuma ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa ta masana'antu don karkatar da ruwan zuwa wani sabon masana'antar tace shara. An ƙaddamar da wani aikin tsaftacewa a shekarar 2018, amma bai yi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ba. == Sufuri == Tun daga shekarar 2006, an dage ƙarshen layin dogo na Dakar zuwa Nijar zuwa Hann. A shekarar 2016, an fara gina layin dogo na Train Express Regional . == Manazarta == asb5o7tm466f2u3nsfhfaa6ns3zt7xx 841129 841128 2026-05-28T07:43:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hann''' unguwa ce ta [[Dakar]], babban birnin [[Senegal]] . Tana gefen gabas na ƙaramin yankin kudu da ke fuskantar kudu inda aka gina tsohon birnin Dakar. Unguwar Hann tana gefen bakin teku mai siffar wata mai kama da wata mai suna '''Hann Bay''' . Hann wani ɓangare ne na Hann Bel-Air commune d'arrondissement : wani ɓangare na Sashen Dakar na birni wanda ya mamaye birnin Dakar. Hann yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka huɗu na asali na Lebou na Cap-Vert Peninsula, tare da Yoff, Ngor, da Ouakam . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-16 |title=Why the name: Dakar? |url=https://afrolegends.com/2015/06/16/why-the-name-dakar/ |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=African Heritage}}</ref> == Unguwa == [[Fayil:Hann,_Senegal_-_Horse_and_cars_side_by_side.jpg|thumb|Sufuri a Hann]] Hann yana arewa da yankin Bel-Air, wani dutse mai duwatsu da ke gefen gabas daga Tudun Dakar. A kudu akwai Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Dakar. A yamma akwai unguwannin HLM da Grand Yoff . A arewa akwai Patte d'Oie, a arewa maso gabas kuma, Niayes . Hann yana gangarowa daga babban tudun tsakiyar birnin, yana samar da dogon rairayin bakin teku mai yashi mai haske, wanda aka fi sani da ''Yakh'' . Daga cikin abubuwan tarihi na Hann akwai babban wurin shakatawa [[Parc Forestier de Hann|na Parc Forestier de Hann]], wanda ke arewa maso gabashin tsakiyar birnin Dakar, [[Parc Zoologique de Hann]], da makarantar sakandare ta Cours Sainte Marie de Hann . Yankin, wanda a da ƙauyen kamun kifi ne har yanzu wurin farawa ne ga masunta na gida, a yau yana ƙarƙashin manyan ci gaban masana'antu. == Lalacewar muhalli == Hann Bay yana arewacin yankin masana'antu na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Dakar . A da can ƙaramin ƙauyen kamun kifi ne, bakin tekun Hann ya zama wurin kyau na gida kusa da tsakiyar Dakar. A farkon ƙarni na 21, masana'antu 71 da ke fitar da ruwan masana'antu a bakin tekun Hann sun ba yankin laƙabin "Shara Bay." A watan Janairun 2009, gwamnatin Senegal ta sanar da rancen Yuro miliyan 50 daga Faransa da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai don ɗaukar nauyin aikin Ofishin Ƙasa na Kare Muhalli na Senegal (ONAS) don tsaftace Hann Bay. Zai zama babban aikin tsaftace masana'antu na farko a Senegal. Shirin shine tsaftace yankin da kuma ƙirƙirar magudanar ruwa ta masana'antu don karkatar da ruwan zuwa wani sabon masana'antar tace shara. An ƙaddamar da wani aikin tsaftacewa a shekarar 2018, amma bai yi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ba. == Sufuri == Tun daga shekarar 2006, an dage ƙarshen layin dogo na Dakar zuwa Nijar zuwa Hann. A shekarar 2016, an fara gina layin dogo na Train Express Regional . == Manazarta == s9okxwro8rfzfynnth0i21te99g9hyz 0 152584 841130 2026-05-28T07:44:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351160195|Lake Magadi]]" 841130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Magadi''' shine tafkin da ya fi kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Kwarin Rift na Kenya]]. == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Magadi shine tafkin da ya fi kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Kwarin Rift na Kenya]], yana kwance a cikin tarin duwatsun dutsen wuta, arewacin Tafkin Natron na Tanzania. A lokacin fari, 80% an rufe shi da soda. Tafkin Magadi tafkin saline ne, alkaline, kimanin kilomita 100 (39 sq a yankin. Yana kwance kwandon endorheic wanda aka kafa ta hanyar graben. Tafkin misali ne na saline pan. Ruwan tafkin, wanda brine mai zurfi na sodium carbonate, yana fitar da adadi mai yawa na ma'adinai (sodium sesquicarbonate). A wurare, gishiri ya kai mita 40 (130 kauri. Tafkin yana sake caji galibi ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwan zafi mai zafi (zafin jiki har zuwa 86 ° C) wanda ke fitowa cikin "lagoons" na alkaline a kusa da gefen tafkin, yana barin ƙananan ruwa a wannan yankin. Yawancin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi suna kan iyakar arewa maso yamma da kudancin tafkin. A lokacin ruwan sama, wani nau'i mai laushi (kasa da mita 1 ( 3 in)) na saline yana rufe yawancin saline pan, amma yana narkewa da sauri, yana barin fararen gishiri wanda ke fashewa don samar da manyan polygons.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin Magadi ba koyaushe yana da gishiri ba. Shekaru dubbai da suka gabata (a lokacin marigayi Pleistocene zuwa tsakiyar [[Holocene]] a cikin [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka]]), tafkin Magadi ya gudanar da tafkin ruwa mai laushi tare da nau'ikan kifaye daban-daban, waɗanda aka adana ragowarsu a cikin High Magadi Beds, jerin lakustrine da volcaniclastic sediments da aka adana a wurare daban-daban a kusa da bakin teku na yanzu. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu ga tsofaffin tabkuna na Pleistocene waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da Tafkin Magadi na yanzu. A wasu lokuta, Tafkin Magadi da Tafkin Natron sun haɗu don samar da tafkin da ya fi girma. == Abubuwan da aka ajiye == Tafkin Magadi an san shi da ajiyar siliceous chert. Akwai nau'o'i da yawa ciki har da shimfidar shimfiɗa waɗanda aka kafa a cikin tafkin da kuma jikin da ke kama da dike wanda ya shiga ta hanyar shimfidar wuri yayin da silica ke da taushi. Mafi shahara shine "Magadi-type chert", wanda aka kafa daga ma'adinai na sodium silicate wanda aka gano a tafkin a shekarar 1967. An gano Magadiite, wani ma'adinin sodium mai silicate mai ƙarancin ruwa [NaSi _7O13 (OH) ₃ _· 4( _H2O )] kimanin shekaru 50 da suka gabata a cikin laka da ke kewaye da Tafkin Magadi, wani tafki mai sinadarin alkaline mai yawan gishiri wanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi ke ciyarwa a kudancin kwarin Rift na Kenya mai ɗan bushewa. == Dabbobi na asali == [[Fayil:Flamingos_at_lake_Magadi.jpg|thumb|Flamingos a kan tafkin]] Yanayin tafkin mai tsanani ya cire yawancin kwayoyin. Ban da su ne microbial extremophiles, wasu 'yan invertebrates (yawanci kwari), da wading tsuntsaye, gami da flamingos. Wani nau'in kifi guda ɗaya, cichlid ''Alcolapia grahami'', yana zaune a cikin ruwan zafi, ruwan alkaline mai yawa na tafkin. Ana iya ganin shi a wasu tafkunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi a kusa da bakin teku, inda zafin ruwa bai kai 45 ° C ba.&nbsp; Burrows da aka gano a cikin tsaunuka na High Magadi Beds (~ 25-9 ka) wanda ya riga ya wuce saline (trona) pan na zamani ya nuna cewa kwari da sauran invertebrates suna zaune a wannan matsanancin yanayi lokacin da yanayi ya fi dacewa. === Ragowar burbushin halittu === Burrows (cm-scale) da aka adana a cikin magadiite a cikin High Magadi Beds sun cika da laka, silt da yashi daga shimfidar wuri. Yanayensu na stratigraphic ya nuna zagaye na sama-shallowing daga laka zuwa interlaminated laka-magadiite zuwa magadiite a cikin dm-scale raka'a. An kafa burrows ne lokacin da tafkin ya zama mai sanyi kuma ya sami iskar oxygen, bayan wani lokaci lokacin da magadiite ya sauka a cikin ruwan gishiri. Burrows, mai yiwuwa ne da kwari suka samar, sun nuna cewa burbushin burbushin na iya samar da shaida ga canje-canje na ɗan gajeren lokaci (daga shekaru zuwa shekarun da suka gabata) a cikin yanayin zamani wanda ba za a iya ganewa ba ko adana shi ta jiki ko ta hanyar sunadarai a cikin rikodin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buatois |first=Luis A. |last2=Renaut |first2=Robin W. |last3=Owen |first3=Richard Bernhart |last4=Behrensmeyer |first4=Anna K. |last5=Scott |first5=Jennifer J. |date=2020-04-22 |title=Animal bioturbation preserved in Pleistocene magadiite at Lake Magadi, Kenya Rift Valley, and its implications for the depositional environment of bedded magadiite |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=6794 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-63505-7 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=7176717 |pmid=32321943 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Amfani == [[Fayil:Soda_Plant,_Lake_Magadi.jpg|thumb|Shuka mai laushi a bakin Tekun Magadi]] Garin Magadi yana kan gabar gabashin [[Tafki|tafkin]], kuma gida ne ga Kamfanin Magadi Soda, mallakar [[Kamfanin Tata|Tata Indiya]] tun watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005. Wannan masana'antar tana samar soda ash soda, wanda ke da amfani da masana'antu da yawa. An nuna tafkin a fim din Fernando Meirelles mai suna The Constant Gardener, wanda ya dogara ne akan littafin John le Carré mai suna, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman madadin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya, inda aka saita littafin da fim din. Hanyar da ta haye tafkin tana ba da damar zuwa yankin yammacin tafkin (Nguruman Escarpment). Kwanan nan ana ba da masauki ga masu yawon bude ido a cikin alfarwan iska. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jyg3ny6kk5wv9q6j1y4yys8ndq6tda5 841131 841130 2026-05-28T07:44:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 841131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Magadi''' shine tafkin da ya fi kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Kwarin Rift na Kenya]]. == Bayyanawa == Tafkin Magadi shine tafkin da ya fi kudu a cikin [[Babban kwarin Rift, Kenya|Kwarin Rift na Kenya]], yana kwance a cikin tarin duwatsun dutsen wuta, arewacin Tafkin Natron na Tanzania. A lokacin fari, 80% an rufe shi da soda. Tafkin Magadi tafkin saline ne, alkaline, kimanin kilomita 100 (39 sq a yankin. Yana kwance kwandon endorheic wanda aka kafa ta hanyar graben. Tafkin misali ne na saline pan. Ruwan tafkin, wanda brine mai zurfi na sodium carbonate, yana fitar da adadi mai yawa na ma'adinai (sodium sesquicarbonate). A wurare, gishiri ya kai mita 40 (130 kauri. Tafkin yana sake caji galibi ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwan zafi mai zafi (zafin jiki har zuwa 86 ° C) wanda ke fitowa cikin "lagoons" na alkaline a kusa da gefen tafkin, yana barin ƙananan ruwa a wannan yankin. Yawancin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi suna kan iyakar arewa maso yamma da kudancin tafkin. A lokacin ruwan sama, wani nau'i mai laushi (kasa da mita 1 ( 3 in)) na saline yana rufe yawancin saline pan, amma yana narkewa da sauri, yana barin fararen gishiri wanda ke fashewa don samar da manyan polygons.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin Magadi ba koyaushe yana da gishiri ba. Shekaru dubbai da suka gabata (a lokacin marigayi Pleistocene zuwa tsakiyar [[Holocene]] a cikin [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka]]), tafkin Magadi ya gudanar da tafkin ruwa mai laushi tare da nau'ikan kifaye daban-daban, waɗanda aka adana ragowarsu a cikin High Magadi Beds, jerin lakustrine da volcaniclastic sediments da aka adana a wurare daban-daban a kusa da bakin teku na yanzu. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu ga tsofaffin tabkuna na Pleistocene waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da Tafkin Magadi na yanzu. A wasu lokuta, Tafkin Magadi da Tafkin Natron sun haɗu don samar da tafkin da ya fi girma. == Abubuwan da aka ajiye == Tafkin Magadi an san shi da ajiyar siliceous chert. Akwai nau'o'i da yawa ciki har da shimfidar shimfiɗa waɗanda aka kafa a cikin tafkin da kuma jikin da ke kama da dike wanda ya shiga ta hanyar shimfidar wuri yayin da silica ke da taushi. Mafi shahara shine "Magadi-type chert", wanda aka kafa daga ma'adinai na sodium silicate wanda aka gano a tafkin a shekarar 1967. An gano Magadiite, wani ma'adinin sodium mai silicate mai ƙarancin ruwa [NaSi _7O13 (OH) ₃ _· 4( _H2O )] kimanin shekaru 50 da suka gabata a cikin laka da ke kewaye da Tafkin Magadi, wani tafki mai sinadarin alkaline mai yawan gishiri wanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi ke ciyarwa a kudancin kwarin Rift na Kenya mai ɗan bushewa. == Dabbobi na asali == [[Fayil:Flamingos_at_lake_Magadi.jpg|thumb|Flamingos a kan tafkin]] Yanayin tafkin mai tsanani ya cire yawancin kwayoyin. Ban da su ne microbial extremophiles, wasu 'yan invertebrates (yawanci kwari), da wading tsuntsaye, gami da flamingos. Wani nau'in kifi guda ɗaya, cichlid ''Alcolapia grahami'', yana zaune a cikin ruwan zafi, ruwan alkaline mai yawa na tafkin. Ana iya ganin shi a wasu tafkunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zafi a kusa da bakin teku, inda zafin ruwa bai kai 45 ° C ba.&nbsp; Burrows da aka gano a cikin tsaunuka na High Magadi Beds (~ 25-9 ka) wanda ya riga ya wuce saline (trona) pan na zamani ya nuna cewa kwari da sauran invertebrates suna zaune a wannan matsanancin yanayi lokacin da yanayi ya fi dacewa. === Ragowar burbushin halittu === Burrows (cm-scale) da aka adana a cikin magadiite a cikin High Magadi Beds sun cika da laka, silt da yashi daga shimfidar wuri. Yanayensu na stratigraphic ya nuna zagaye na sama-shallowing daga laka zuwa interlaminated laka-magadiite zuwa magadiite a cikin dm-scale raka'a. An kafa burrows ne lokacin da tafkin ya zama mai sanyi kuma ya sami iskar oxygen, bayan wani lokaci lokacin da magadiite ya sauka a cikin ruwan gishiri. Burrows, mai yiwuwa ne da kwari suka samar, sun nuna cewa burbushin burbushin na iya samar da shaida ga canje-canje na ɗan gajeren lokaci (daga shekaru zuwa shekarun da suka gabata) a cikin yanayin zamani wanda ba za a iya ganewa ba ko adana shi ta jiki ko ta hanyar sunadarai a cikin rikodin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buatois |first=Luis A. |last2=Renaut |first2=Robin W. |last3=Owen |first3=Richard Bernhart |last4=Behrensmeyer |first4=Anna K. |last5=Scott |first5=Jennifer J. |date=2020-04-22 |title=Animal bioturbation preserved in Pleistocene magadiite at Lake Magadi, Kenya Rift Valley, and its implications for the depositional environment of bedded magadiite |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=6794 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-63505-7 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=7176717 |pmid=32321943 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Amfani == [[Fayil:Soda_Plant,_Lake_Magadi.jpg|thumb|Shuka mai laushi a bakin Tekun Magadi]] Garin Magadi yana kan gabar gabashin [[Tafki|tafkin]], kuma gida ne ga Kamfanin Magadi Soda, mallakar [[Kamfanin Tata|Tata Indiya]] tun watan Disamba na shekara ta 2005. Wannan masana'antar tana samar soda ash soda, wanda ke da amfani da masana'antu da yawa. An nuna tafkin a fim din Fernando Meirelles mai suna The Constant Gardener, wanda ya dogara ne akan littafin John le Carré mai suna, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman madadin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya, inda aka saita littafin da fim din. Hanyar da ta haye tafkin tana ba da damar zuwa yankin yammacin tafkin (Nguruman Escarpment). Kwanan nan ana ba da masauki ga masu yawon bude ido a cikin alfarwan iska. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ok694tvct3g9znr44ij03in3wadldl1 0 152585 841132 2026-05-28T07:44:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1101608083|Lake Sare]]" 841132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Sare''' tafki ne a yammacin Kenya wanda ke tsakanin Yala Swamp da Tafkin Victoria . Yana da damar a matsayin shafin don sake dawo da nau'ikan kifi waɗanda suka zama masu haɗari a Tafkin Victoria, amma saboda rashin gudanarwa yanayin muhalli na tafkin yana ci gaba da raguwa. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Sare asalin gulf ne a kan Tafkin Victoria a bakin Kogin Yala inda ya bar Yala Swamp. An yanke gulf daga tafkin ta hanyar rami, wanda ya haifar da hekta 500 (1,200 acres) Tafkin Sare ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} Ruwan kogin ya shiga Tafkin Victoria daga Tafkin Sare ta hanyar tashar da gada ta haye wanda ke dauke da babbar hanyar C27 ta bakin teku tare da hanyar Goye.{{Sfn|Relation: Yala (8873639)}}{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005}} Tafkin Sare yana da iyaka da maras kyau, wanda ya haɗu da Yala Swamp . {{Sfn|Lake Sare ... Siaya County}} Tafkin ba ya tallafawa kamun kifi na kasuwanci saboda rashin gudanarwa, kodayake hakan na iya canzawa.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} Tare da alaƙar kai tsaye zuwa Tafkin Victoria, yana da mahimmanci wajen adana kifin kifi na Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005}} Yana da damar zama shafin yanar gizo don nau'ikan kifi masu haɗari su girma kafin su yi ƙaura zuwa Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} == Muhalli == Wani rahoto na 1991 ya bayyana cewa ruwan da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Sare an tace shi ta hanyar tafkin kuma yana da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki da ƙananan abubuwan da aka dakatar. Ruwa yana da halayyar 120-130μS / cm da pH na 7.6, tare da 7-9 MG na iskar oxygen a kowace lita a rana. Yankin ƙasa an rufe shi da papyrus detritus, tare da ƙananan yankuna na ƙasa ko dutse. Gida ce ga burrowing Nematodes, Mayfly nymphs, dragonfly nymfs da maras kyau ''Oligochaeta'', musamman ''[[Alma emini]]'' da ''Limnodrilus'' species.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Tafkin bai kasance mai amfani sosai ba dangane da limnology, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin phytoplankton da zooplankton a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa kyauta idan aka kwatanta da Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Tafkin ba shi da nau'ikan kifi iri-iri. Mafi yawan su sune Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''), ''Oreochromis leucostictus'' da nau'in ''Haplochromis''. Yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana da kifin huhu na marmara (Protopterus aethiopicus), Lake Victoria squeaker (''Synodontis victoriae''), ''Synodontis afrofischeri'' da ''Clarias gariepinus'' . Yankin Nilu mai cin nama (''Lates niloticus'' ya mamaye tafkin. Saboda wani bangare na Nilu perch kuma a wani bangare ga yawan kamun kifi da mutanen yankin suka yi, babu ''Oreochromis esculentus'' ko ''Oreochromis variabilis'' a cikin tafkin.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Wani rahoto na 2005 ya lura da canje-canje a Tafkin Sare wanda ya yi barazanar tsarin halittu ta hanyar eutrophication da gurɓataccen yanayi. Ya ba da shawarar tsarin gudanarwa mai haɗa kai ga dukan Yala maras kyau don hana ci gaba da lalacewar yanayin halittu.{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005|}} Wani rahoto na 2014 ya lura da mummunar lalacewar yanayin tafkin a cikin shekaru 24 da suka gabata. macrophytes masu guba sun mamaye tafkin suna fara canji mai jinkiri wanda zai iya sa ya bushe a ƙarshe.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} Ya zuwa 2019 BirdLife International ta sami barazanar ga dukan tafkin da ke da ƙarfi, kuma ba ta da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da matakin da ake ɗauka.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} == Manazarta == 76nomqzzowqxupmwisrfvx80omnc4aa 841134 841132 2026-05-28T07:45:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 841134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Sare''' tafki ne a yammacin Kenya wanda ke tsakanin Yala Swamp da Tafkin Victoria . Yana da damar a matsayin shafin don sake dawo da nau'ikan kifi waɗanda suka zama masu haɗari a Tafkin Victoria, amma saboda rashin gudanarwa yanayin muhalli na tafkin yana ci gaba da raguwa. == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Sare asalin gulf ne a kan Tafkin Victoria a bakin Kogin Yala inda ya bar Yala Swamp. An yanke gulf daga tafkin ta hanyar rami, wanda ya haifar da hekta 500 (1,200 acres) Tafkin Sare ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} Ruwan kogin ya shiga Tafkin Victoria daga Tafkin Sare ta hanyar tashar da gada ta haye wanda ke dauke da babbar hanyar C27 ta bakin teku tare da hanyar Goye.{{Sfn|Relation: Yala (8873639)}}{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005}} Tafkin Sare yana da iyaka da maras kyau, wanda ya haɗu da Yala Swamp . {{Sfn|Lake Sare ... Siaya County}} Tafkin ba ya tallafawa kamun kifi na kasuwanci saboda rashin gudanarwa, kodayake hakan na iya canzawa.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} Tare da alaƙar kai tsaye zuwa Tafkin Victoria, yana da mahimmanci wajen adana kifin kifi na Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005}} Yana da damar zama shafin yanar gizo don nau'ikan kifi masu haɗari su girma kafin su yi ƙaura zuwa Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} == Muhalli == Wani rahoto na 1991 ya bayyana cewa ruwan da ke gudana cikin Tafkin Sare an tace shi ta hanyar tafkin kuma yana da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki da ƙananan abubuwan da aka dakatar. Ruwa yana da halayyar 120-130μS / cm da pH na 7.6, tare da 7-9 MG na iskar oxygen a kowace lita a rana. Yankin ƙasa an rufe shi da papyrus detritus, tare da ƙananan yankuna na ƙasa ko dutse. Gida ce ga burrowing Nematodes, Mayfly nymphs, dragonfly nymfs da maras kyau ''Oligochaeta'', musamman ''[[Alma emini]]'' da ''Limnodrilus'' species.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Tafkin bai kasance mai amfani sosai ba dangane da limnology, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin phytoplankton da zooplankton a cikin ginshiƙan ruwa kyauta idan aka kwatanta da Tafkin Victoria.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Tafkin ba shi da nau'ikan kifi iri-iri. Mafi yawan su sune Nilu tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus''), ''Oreochromis leucostictus'' da nau'in ''Haplochromis''. Yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin yana da kifin huhu na marmara (Protopterus aethiopicus), Lake Victoria squeaker (''Synodontis victoriae''), ''Synodontis afrofischeri'' da ''Clarias gariepinus'' . Yankin Nilu mai cin nama (''Lates niloticus'' ya mamaye tafkin. Saboda wani bangare na Nilu perch kuma a wani bangare ga yawan kamun kifi da mutanen yankin suka yi, babu ''Oreochromis esculentus'' ko ''Oreochromis variabilis'' a cikin tafkin.{{Sfn|Njuguna|Howard|1992}} Wani rahoto na 2005 ya lura da canje-canje a Tafkin Sare wanda ya yi barazanar tsarin halittu ta hanyar eutrophication da gurɓataccen yanayi. Ya ba da shawarar tsarin gudanarwa mai haɗa kai ga dukan Yala maras kyau don hana ci gaba da lalacewar yanayin halittu.{{Sfn|Gichuki|Maithya|Masai|2005|}} Wani rahoto na 2014 ya lura da mummunar lalacewar yanayin tafkin a cikin shekaru 24 da suka gabata. macrophytes masu guba sun mamaye tafkin suna fara canji mai jinkiri wanda zai iya sa ya bushe a ƙarshe.{{Sfn|Maithya|Abila|2014}} Ya zuwa 2019 BirdLife International ta sami barazanar ga dukan tafkin da ke da ƙarfi, kuma ba ta da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da matakin da ake ɗauka.{{Sfn|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife}} == Manazarta == 1s7dfb3bkvt6xc8pxbq8e6rnfe2or61 0 152586 841133 2026-05-28T07:44:59Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1155981457|Falémé River]]" 841133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Image frame|width=280|content=Falémé River at [[Kidira]] <timeline> #>Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax <# #>http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm <# Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:280 height:200 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:15 top:5 right:5 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo PlotData= #>Draw bars <# color:barra width:12 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 21 bar:Feb from:0 till: 10 bar:Mar from:0 till: 4 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1 bar:May from:0 till: 1 bar:Jun from:0 till: 20 bar:Jul from:0 till: 148 bar:Aug from:0 till: 714 bar:Sep from:0 till: 974 bar:Oct from:0 till: 455 bar:Nov from:0 till: 120 bar:Dec from:0 till: 39 </timeline>|caption=Average monthly flow (m³/s) at the Kidira hydrometric station over the period 1904-1984<ref name=unesco>{{citation | publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme | title=Hydrographic data for Kidira, Sénégal 1930-1983 | url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm | access-date=24 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129075049/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm | archive-date=29 January 2009 }}.</ref>}}'''Kogin Falémé''' ( [[Faransanci|Faransa]] : ''Rivière Falémé'' ) kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Falémé ya taso ne a arewacin [[Gini|Guinea]] kuma yana kwarara zuwa arewacin arewa maso gabas zuwa [[Mali]], yana samar da ɗan gajeren yanki na iyakar da ke tsakanin [[Gini|Guinea]] da [[Senegal]] . Ya juya arewa sannan ya samar da wani yanki na iyakar da ke tsakanin [[Mali]] da [[Senegal]], kafin ya haɗu da [[Kogin Senegal]] 50&nbsp;kilomita daga gabashin garin Bakel da ke Senegal. == Bayani == Kogin Falémé yana da kusan 650&nbsp;tsawon kilomita kuma yana fitar da magudanar ruwa mai nauyin 28,900&nbsp;km ^2. Mafarinsa yana arewacin tsaunukan [[Fouta Djallon]] a tsayin 800&nbsp;m. Yawancin ruwan sama a tsaunuka yana faruwa ne tsakanin watan Mayu da Oktoba sakamakon ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka . Agusta yawanci shine watan da ya fi danshi. Gudun kogin yana da yanayi mai kyau, inda mafi yawan ruwan ke faruwa a watan Satumba kuma ƙaramin kwarara ne tsakanin Disamba da Yuni. Matsakaicin fitar ruwan kogin a kowace shekara a tsawon lokacin 1904-1984 shine 6.59&nbsp;km ^3. == Haƙar ma'adinai == Akwai [[Iron ore in Africa#Senegal|ma'adanin ƙarfe]] a Senegal kusa da mahadar wannan kogin. Kwanan nan an sami kwararar zinare a kusa da ƙauyen Diabougou da ke Senegal da kuma kusa da kan iyakar Mali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2011 |title=Senegal's rush for gold amid mining dangers (video) |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15072965 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><gallery> Fayil:Erzlagerstätten_Faleme.jpg|alt=Iron ore deposits in the Falémé River region of Senegal, 1981.| 6Ma'adinan ƙarfe a yankin Kogin Falémé na Senegal, 1981. Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_20_-_048_-_Deux_hommes_font_sécher_des_vêtements_lavés_sur_la_rive_de_la_Falémé_-_Frontière_sénégalo-malienne,_1984.tiff|alt=Two men are drying their washed clothes on a bank of the Falémé River at the Mali-Senegal border, 1984.| Wasu mutane biyu suna busar da tufafinsu da aka wanke a bakin kogin Falémé a kan iyakar Mali da Senegal, a shekarar 1984. Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_20_-_049_-_Rivière_Falémé_avec_des_buissons_et_des_arbres_bas_-_Frontière_sénégalo-malienne,_1984.tiff|alt=The Falémé River with bushes on its banks at the Mali-Senegal border, 1984.| Kogin Falémé mai ciyayi a gefensa a kan iyakar Mali da Senegal, 1984. Fayil:STS112-E-6197_-_View_of_Senegal.jpg|alt=The Falémé River in Senegal near the Mali border photographed from space by Space Shuttle Mission STS-112, October 2002.| Kogin Falémé da ke Senegal kusa da kan iyakar Mali an ɗauki hotonsa daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar Space Shuttle Mission STS-112, Oktoba 2002. Fayil:Straßenbrücke_bei_Kidira.jpg|alt=Two young pedestrians cross the road bridge from Mali to Kidira, Senegal. Left the ford in the river Falémé, 2017.| Matasa biyu masu tafiya a ƙasa suna ketare gadar hanya daga Mali zuwa Kidira, Senegal. Sun bar mahadar a cikin kogin Falémé, 2017. </gallery> == Manqzarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> oor978q5bfys8qjc8rijl92ko795j5v 841135 841133 2026-05-28T07:45:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Image frame|width=280|content=Falémé River at [[Kidira]] <timeline> #>Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax <# #>http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm <# Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:280 height:200 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:15 top:5 right:5 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo PlotData= #>Draw bars <# color:barra width:12 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 21 bar:Feb from:0 till: 10 bar:Mar from:0 till: 4 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1 bar:May from:0 till: 1 bar:Jun from:0 till: 20 bar:Jul from:0 till: 148 bar:Aug from:0 till: 714 bar:Sep from:0 till: 974 bar:Oct from:0 till: 455 bar:Nov from:0 till: 120 bar:Dec from:0 till: 39 </timeline>|caption=Average monthly flow (m³/s) at the Kidira hydrometric station over the period 1904-1984<ref name=unesco>{{citation | publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme | title=Hydrographic data for Kidira, Sénégal 1930-1983 | url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm | access-date=24 May 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129075049/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Senegal/1sg%60fa~1.htm | archive-date=29 January 2009 }}.</ref>}}'''Kogin Falémé''' ( [[Faransanci|Faransa]] : ''Rivière Falémé'' ) kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Falémé ya taso ne a arewacin [[Gini|Guinea]] kuma yana kwarara zuwa arewacin arewa maso gabas zuwa [[Mali]], yana samar da ɗan gajeren yanki na iyakar da ke tsakanin [[Gini|Guinea]] da [[Senegal]] . Ya juya arewa sannan ya samar da wani yanki na iyakar da ke tsakanin [[Mali]] da [[Senegal]], kafin ya haɗu da [[Kogin Senegal]] 50&nbsp;kilomita daga gabashin garin Bakel da ke Senegal. == Bayani == Kogin Falémé yana da kusan 650&nbsp;tsawon kilomita kuma yana fitar da magudanar ruwa mai nauyin 28,900&nbsp;km ^2. Mafarinsa yana arewacin tsaunukan [[Fouta Djallon]] a tsayin 800&nbsp;m. Yawancin ruwan sama a tsaunuka yana faruwa ne tsakanin watan Mayu da Oktoba sakamakon ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka . Agusta yawanci shine watan da ya fi danshi. Gudun kogin yana da yanayi mai kyau, inda mafi yawan ruwan ke faruwa a watan Satumba kuma ƙaramin kwarara ne tsakanin Disamba da Yuni. Matsakaicin fitar ruwan kogin a kowace shekara a tsawon lokacin 1904-1984 shine 6.59&nbsp;km ^3. == Haƙar ma'adinai == Akwai [[Iron ore in Africa#Senegal|ma'adanin ƙarfe]] a Senegal kusa da mahadar wannan kogin. Kwanan nan an sami kwararar zinare a kusa da ƙauyen Diabougou da ke Senegal da kuma kusa da kan iyakar Mali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2011 |title=Senegal's rush for gold amid mining dangers (video) |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15072965 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><gallery> Fayil:Erzlagerstätten_Faleme.jpg|alt=Iron ore deposits in the Falémé River region of Senegal, 1981.| 6Ma'adinan ƙarfe a yankin Kogin Falémé na Senegal, 1981. Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_20_-_048_-_Deux_hommes_font_sécher_des_vêtements_lavés_sur_la_rive_de_la_Falémé_-_Frontière_sénégalo-malienne,_1984.tiff|alt=Two men are drying their washed clothes on a bank of the Falémé River at the Mali-Senegal border, 1984.| Wasu mutane biyu suna busar da tufafinsu da aka wanke a bakin kogin Falémé a kan iyakar Mali da Senegal, a shekarar 1984. Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_20_-_049_-_Rivière_Falémé_avec_des_buissons_et_des_arbres_bas_-_Frontière_sénégalo-malienne,_1984.tiff|alt=The Falémé River with bushes on its banks at the Mali-Senegal border, 1984.| Kogin Falémé mai ciyayi a gefensa a kan iyakar Mali da Senegal, 1984. Fayil:STS112-E-6197_-_View_of_Senegal.jpg|alt=The Falémé River in Senegal near the Mali border photographed from space by Space Shuttle Mission STS-112, October 2002.| Kogin Falémé da ke Senegal kusa da kan iyakar Mali an ɗauki hotonsa daga sararin samaniya ta hanyar Space Shuttle Mission STS-112, Oktoba 2002. Fayil:Straßenbrücke_bei_Kidira.jpg|alt=Two young pedestrians cross the road bridge from Mali to Kidira, Senegal. Left the ford in the river Falémé, 2017.| Matasa biyu masu tafiya a ƙasa suna ketare gadar hanya daga Mali zuwa Kidira, Senegal. Sun bar mahadar a cikin kogin Falémé, 2017. </gallery> == Manqzarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 978pdaey3hpmfw7dp10iho33rh7wdbd 0 152587 841136 2026-05-28T07:46:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302749770|Lake Simbi National Sanctuary]]" 841136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Simbi''' wani karamin tafkin soda ne na dutsen wuta a [[Kenya]] . Tafkin yana waje da Kendu Bay kuma kusa da bakin Tekun Victoria. Tafkin da bakin tekun tare sun samar da Lake Simbi National Sanctuary wanda Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Kenya ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Lake Simbi National Sanctuary |url=http://kws.go.ke/content/lake-simbi-national-sanctuary |access-date=2021-05-03 |website= |publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service |quote=}}</ref> Flamingos da sauran tsuntsaye suna zuwa Lake Simbi National Sanctuary. Tsuntsaye suna sa tafkin ya zama mai kyau ga mazauna yankin da masu yawon bude ido. Sunan yankin na tafkin Simbi shine '''Simbi Nyaima.''' == Manazarta == qp629l4a1kqfpfsvz8rr8tm4riops94 841138 841136 2026-05-28T07:46:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 841138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Simbi''' wani karamin tafkin soda ne na dutsen wuta a [[Kenya]] . Tafkin yana waje da Kendu Bay kuma kusa da bakin Tekun Victoria. Tafkin da bakin tekun tare sun samar da Lake Simbi National Sanctuary wanda Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Kenya ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Lake Simbi National Sanctuary |url=http://kws.go.ke/content/lake-simbi-national-sanctuary |access-date=2021-05-03 |website= |publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service |quote=}}</ref> Flamingos da sauran tsuntsaye suna zuwa Lake Simbi National Sanctuary. Tsuntsaye suna sa tafkin ya zama mai kyau ga mazauna yankin da masu yawon bude ido. Sunan yankin na tafkin Simbi shine '''Simbi Nyaima.''' == Manazarta == mepapb0umq9q79v0569272c4rza9i5v 0 152588 841137 2026-05-28T07:46:20Z AKA024 30597 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351053674|Emeka Anyaoku]]" 841137 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <nowiki>'''Chief Emeka Anyaoku'''</nowiki> (an haife shi ranar 18 ga Janairun 1933) jami’in diflomasiyyar Najeriya ne. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na uku na ƙungiyar Commonwealth. An haife shi ne a garin Obosi, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Merchants of Light da ke Oba.<ref name="Africa Who's Who" /> Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Jami’a ta Ibadan, wadda a lokacin take ƙarƙashin University of London, inda ya samu digiri na girmamawa a fannin Classics a matsayin ɗalibin da ya samu tallafin kwaleji. Baya ga aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin diflomasiyya, Chief Anyaoku na ci gaba da gudanar da alhakin sarautarsa ta gargajiya a matsayin <nowiki>'''Ichie Adazie na Obosi''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na tsarin '''Ndichie'''</nowiki> a garin Obosi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Person page |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004559/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |website=the presidency.co.za.}}</ref> == Tarihin iyali == An haifi <nowiki>'''Eleazar Chukwuemeka “Emeka” Anyaoku'''</nowiki> ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 1933 ga iyayensa Emmanuel da Cecilia Anyaoku a garin Obosi, wanda a lokacin yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙauyuka a yankin gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, <nowiki>'''Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Anyaoku'''</nowiki>, ya samu ilimi har matakin makarantar tsakiya bayan ya kammala firamare a makarantar CMS da ke Onitsha ƙarƙashin kulawar Reverend William Blackett, wani mishan na Kirista.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, p. 183, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref> <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 49, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref>Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a hukumar jiragen ƙasa, sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a wani asibiti da ke Kaduna a Arewacin Najeriya kafin ya zama malamin addinin Kirista (catechist). Bayan ya yi shekaru yana wannan hidima, ya koma garinsu domin gudanar da noma. Daga baya kuma ya zama <nowiki>'''Ononukpo'''</nowiki> (shugaba) na Okpuno Ire, wani yanki da ke cikin Ire, mafi girman ƙauyen Obosi. <nowiki>'''Cecilia Anyaoku''', wadda sunanta na haihuwa shi ne '''Adiba Ogbogu'''</nowiki>, Emmanuel ya aura a matsayin matarsa ta biyu bayan ya dawo daga Kaduna sakamakon rasuwar matarsa ta farko. Cecilia ta fito ne daga wani iyali da ke unguwar Ugamuma a garin Obosi. Ta taso ne a gidan Reverend Ekpunobi, wanda yake mai kula da ita kuma ɗan ƙasar Obosi na farko da aka naɗa a matsayin limamin Anglican. A wancan lokaci ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi wayewa da ilimi a cikin al’umma. Cecilia ta zauna tare da iyalin Ekpunobi a matsayin riƙaƙƙiya. Bayan Reverend Ekpunobi ya samu labarin mutuwar matar Emmanuel, sai ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa, daga baya kuma ya rinjayi Emmanuel da Adiba su yi aure. Ɗansu na farko mace ce, amma ba ta rayu ba. Bayan haka ne aka haifi Emeka, wanda yake da ’yan’uwa guda biyar. == Ilimi == Lokacin da Emeka Anyaoku yake da shekara bakwai, an aika shi ya zauna tare da ƙanin mahaifinsa guda ɗaya, Egwuenu Anyaoku, a Umuahia domin fara karatunsa a wata makaranta da ke yankin karkara sosai.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 1–2, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> A wancan lokaci, mafi girman ajin da makarantar ke da shi shi ne aji na huɗu (standard four). Tsarin mulkin mallaka na lokacin bai cika ƙarfafa ɗalibai su wuce matakin standard four ko standard six ba. Da yake da shekara goma a shekarar 1943, an tura Emeka ya zauna tare da ɗan’uwan mahaifinsa, Nathaniel Enwezor, wanda yake shugaban makarantar CMS Central School da ke Agbor, mai tazarar kusan kilomita 75 daga Obosi.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 2–3, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Domin samun ilimin sakandarensa, matashin Emeka Anyaoku ya halarci makarantar <nowiki>'''Merchants of Light School (MOLS)'''</nowiki> da ke Oba. Makarantar kwana ce wadda wani abokin mahaifinsa, Dr. Enoch Oli, ya kafa. Dr. Oli ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ilimi daga Najeriya wanda ya samu horo a biranen Landan da Oxford na ƙasar Birtaniya. A lokacin karatunsa, Mista Oli ya koyar da Emeka da sauran ɗalibai muhimmancin ƙwazo wajen aiki, kyawawan ɗabi’u da kuma kyakkyawar mu’amala tsakanin jama’a. A wannan muhimmin lokaci na tasowarsa, Emeka Anyaoku ya fara bayyana a matsayin matashi mai hazaka da ƙwazo na musamman. A garinsu na Obosi, musamman a lokutan hutun Ista da Kirsimeti lokacin da ɗalibai ke dawowa gida, ɗaya daga cikin abokan zamansa, Chief Godfrey Eneli, ya tuna cewa suna shirya muhawarori da sauran ayyukan ɗalibai ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''Obosi Students Association'''</nowiki>. A cewar Eneli, Anyaoku ya riga ya nuna alamun jagoranci tun yana matashi. Ya ce:<blockquote>“Tun a wancan lokaci na fahimci cewa zai zama shugaba, domin hakan yana bayyana a duk lokacin da muka dawo gida hutun makaranta.”</blockquote>Ya ƙara da cewa:<blockquote>“Mun kasance muna kiransa da suna ‘lawyer’ saboda yawan muhawararsa da kuma yadda yake amfani da hujja da tunani mai ma’ana wajen tunkarar kowace magana. Hikimarsa da yadda yake gabatar da hujjoji kan rinjayi tunaninmu a duk tattaunawar da muka yi.”</blockquote> Wani daga cikin tsaransa, S. I. Metu, abokin aji wanda daga baya ya zama babban ma'aikacin banki da ma'aikaci na gwamnati, ya yaba da kwarewarsa ta hulɗa. Ya ce game da Anyaoku, "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrunsa shine cewa shi mai haɗawa ne mai kyau, kusan ba shi da abokan gaba saboda abokantaka ta gaba ɗaya..... daga duk abin da muka sani yanzu game da Mista Anyaoku, a bayyane yake cewa an ƙaddara shi ya zama diflomasiyya, saboda yana da duk abubuwan da ya yi - basira, abokantaka, ikon samun abubuwa ba tare da ɓata wa kowa ba" Metuoku kuma tunatar da Anya a matsayin ɗalibi mai karatu sosai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Haske. Ya ce, "Anyaoku ba zai iya ajiye wani lokaci ba don wasa - koyaushe yana karatu ko aiki a kan wani abu. Ko kuma a wasu lokuta, lokacin da ya gaji kuma yana so ya huta, zai yi wasu ba'a masu tsanani kuma kowa zai yi dariya. " Anyaoku na daga cikin na biyu na yara maza 60. Lokacin da suka zauna don jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge, ya ɗauki batutuwa 10 kuma ya sami nasarar shiga makarantar farko, matakin mafi girma. Bayan karatunsa na sakandare, Anyaoku a 1952 ya ci gaba da koyarwa a Kwalejin Emmanuel, [[Owerri]] a yankin Gabas na lokacin, ya kasance a can har zuwa tsakiyar 1954 yana koyar da lissafi, Latin da Ingilishi. Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a MOLS ya kunna masa sha'awar Classics. Malamin Latin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da ƙauna ga harsuna, dokoki da al'adun Helenawa da Romawa na dā, da kuma tushen gargajiya na harshen Ingilishi. Anyaoku ya yanke shawarar zuwa ya yi nazarin Classics a sabon Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan, babbar cibiyar irin ta a kasar, wacce aka kafa a 1948 a matsayin kwalejin kasashen waje na Jami'ar London. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 lokacin da Anyaoku ke karatun digiri a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, ƙasar Najeriya ta shiga cikin muhawara, tattaunawa da zanga-zangar kan makomar siyasa ta ƙasar. Akwai rikice-rikice game da lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya da kuma irin tsarin siyasa da ya kamata ta nemi' yancin kai ko a matsayin jihar hadin kai ko tarayya. Birnin Ibadan yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin waɗannan muhawara. Kuma Kwalejin Jami'ar, wacce ta haɗu da ɗalibai masu basira, malamai da 'yan siyasa daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ta zama cibiyar abin da aka bayyana a matsayin tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙasa. Anyaoku ya kasance a cikin wannan a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai. Shi tare da masu kama da juna a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar sun yi kamfen don goyon bayan jihar hadin kai, a kan tarayyar tarayya.<ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Sun aika da korafe-korafe da wakilai ga manyan shugabannin siyasa guda uku a kasar a lokacin, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe]] a yankin Gabashin kasar, Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] a Yamma, da Sardauna na Sokoto, Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] a yankin Arewa. Anyaoku a 1959 ya sami digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar London a cikin gargajiya a matsayin masanin kwaleji kuma ya shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth (CDC) a Legas. Kamfanin ya tura shi a matsayin Babban Mai horar da shi zuwa hedikwatar CDC a London daga inda ya tafi darasi a Royal Institute for Public Administration a London. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960, Birtaniya ta ba Najeriya 'yancin kai. Kuma Anyaoku an mayar da shi ofishin yankin CDC na Yammacin Afirka a Legas a ƙarshen Disamba 1960. == Aure == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1961, Anyaoku sannan Babban Jami'in CDC ya sadu da wata yarinya mai shekaru 20 mai suna [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]], Gimbiya Ebunola Olubunmi Solanke, a wani biki na maraice wanda shi da abokin aikinsa suka shirya wa abokinsu a Legas. Yarima, wacce aka fi sani da karamin "Bunmi", ta sami ilimi a Ingila a makarantar kwana ta mata ta Kirista, St. Mary's School a Hastings . Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Pitman, London. Emeka da Bunmi sun yi aure a Cocin Anglican Cathedral a Legas a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1962. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1959, Emeka Anyaoku ta shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth . A farkon 1962, Anyaoku ya sadu da Firayim Minista na Najeriya na lokacin, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] . Ya bi shugabansa mai ziyara, Lord Howick, Shugaban Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth, zuwa ganawa da Firayim Minista kan ayyukan kamfanin a Najeriya da yankin Yammacin Afirka. Firayim Minista, ya burge shi da amsoshin Anyaoku ga wasu tambayoyinsa game da ayyukan da CDC ke tallafawa a Yammacin Afirka, ya nuna sha'awar makomar Anyaoku kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi la'akari da shiga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan wata hira mai wahala da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jama'a ta Tarayya ta yi, an ba shi alƙawari a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a watan Afrilun 1962.<ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wata daya da ya shiga, an nada shi Mataimakin Mutum ga Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. A can ya shiga cikin tsari wanda ya haifar da kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) a watan Mayu 1963. Bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Najeriya, kuma a 1963 an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York. A shekarar 1966, ya shiga Sakatariyar Commonwealth a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa. A cikin 1968-69 akwai kamfen da gwamnatin soja ta Najeriya ta yi don tunatar da Anyaoku; wanda ya ce shi ba dan takarar Najeriya ne mai dacewa ba, kuma suna damuwa game da amincinsa "ga ƙasar da aka haife shi". Amma "Emeka ta yi murabus daga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya kuma Arnold ba shi da matsala wajen karkatar da bukatar". A shekara ta 1977, Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1983, gwamnatin farar hula ta Najeriya ta nada Anyaoku ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnati daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya koma matsayinsa na Mataimakin Sakatare Janar tare da goyon bayan sabuwar gwamnati a Najeriya da amincewar dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth. A Taron Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth a [[Kuala Lumpur]] a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1989, an zabi Anyaoku a matsayin Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a 1993 CHOGM a Limassol don wa'adin shekaru biyar na biyu, wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1995. == Majalisar Dinkin Duniya == A watan Yulin 1963, yana da shekaru 30, an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York. An haifi ɗansa na farko, Adiba, a asibitin New York Lying-In a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1963, kwana biyu kafin a kashe Shugaba [[John F. Kennedy]] na Amurka. Bayan 'yan makonni da suka gabata, Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriyar, tare da Nnamdi Azikiwe a matsayin Shugaban farko. A matsayinsa na aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Anyaoku a matsayin wakilin Najeriya a kwamitin musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan wariyar launin fata ya tsara ƙuduri - wanda Najeriya ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dinkin duniya a 1965 - wanda ya kafa asusun amincewa don ba da damar gwamnatoci su ba da gudummawa ga kare fursunonin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin rikicin da gwamnatin Ian Smith ta haifar a [[Rhodesia]]" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Rhodesia">Kudancin Rhodesia a Kudanci na Afirka, wanda ya sanar da sanarwar Independence (UDI) ta Rhodesia daga Burtaniya. Anyaoku ya yi magana a dandamali daban-daban don yin Allah wadai da wannan ci gaba. Ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan lokuta ne labarin juyin mulkin soja na farko na Najeriya a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966 ya kai masa. Firayim Minista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Firayim Ministan Yankin Arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello, da wasu shugabannin jihar bayan samun 'yancin kai an kashe su a lokacin juyin mulkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmadu Bello: Assassinated leader of Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ahmadu-bello-assassinated-leader-of-northern-nigeria/1380183 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Wannan juyin mulkin ya faru ne kwana daya bayan Firayim Minista ya karbi bakuncin wasu shugabannin Commonwealth ciki har da sabon Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith, zuwa wani taro a Legas inda suka tattauna batun Rhodesia. == Shekaru na Commonwealth == A watan Yulin 1965 an aiwatar da shawarar da Shugabannin Gwamnatin Commonwealth suka yanke na kafa Sakatariyar Commonwealth tare da nadin wani fitaccen jami'in diflomasiyyar Kanada, Arnold Smith a matsayin Sakatare Janar na farko na Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2014-05-10 |title=Session 1 – The Office of the Secretary General |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2014/session-1-the-office-of-the-secretary-general/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakatare Janar yana cikin aiwatar da tara ƙungiya mai yawa, mai al'adu da yawa a cikin sabon Sakatariyar. A ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya a watan Nuwamba 1965, Smith ya sadu kuma ya gaya wa Firayim Minista, Sir Tafawa Balewa a gaban Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya na lokacin da kuma Sakatare na Dindindin, cewa yana neman wani matashi jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin waje na Najeriya wanda zai "taimaka masa ya yi wauta game da tatsuniyoyin wariyar launin fata". <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku "Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub"]. ''infohub.xyz.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=March 2024}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2024]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> Bayan Smith ya tafi, Firayim Ministan ya nemi Ma'aikatun Harkokin Wajen ta ba shi sunaye uku da za su gamsar da bukatar Sakatare Janar. Anyaoku na daga cikin sunaye uku da aka ba da shawarar kuma Firayim Minista ya zaba shi don turawa zuwa sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Lokacin da ya isa Sakatariyar a Landan a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1966, Anyaoku ya yi matukar sha'awar yadda Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ke kula da batun Rhodesia UDI. An sanya shi Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa wanda daga baya ya zama Sashen Harkokin Siyasa. Babban aikinsa na farko shi ne ya zama Sakataren Kwamitin Bincike wanda Sakatare Janar ya kafa tare da amincewar Shugabannin Gwamnati don sake duba duk cibiyoyin gwamnati na Commonwealth da ke akwai don tantance abin da ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth da aka kafa. <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub" /> A watan Yulin 1967, yakin basasar Najeriya ya barke. A wannan lokacin, shi da matarsa sun shirya abincin rana da yawa a gidansu na London ga wakilan Najeriya da [[Biyafara|Biafran]] a tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ya shirya. A tsakiyar tattaunawar, ya gaya wa Sakatare Janar cewa yana shirye ya tafi gida don yin magana da shugaban Biafra, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] game da shawarwarin zaman lafiya na Sakatare janar ga jam'iyyun biyu masu yaƙi. Shi da Ojukwu sun kasance abokai tun suna yara. Smith ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai amma ya bar Anyaoku ya tafi. Lokacin da yake tafiya, ɗansa na uku, Obi, wanda ke da kimanin watanni uku, yana da rashin lafiya sosai a asibiti. Likitoci sun damu da cewa bazai tsira daga cutar ba. Lokacin da ya gaya wa matarsa, Bunmi, cewa dole ne ya yi tafiya, sai ta yi mamakin rashin jin dadinsa ga yanayin ɗansu. Anyaoku ya gaya mata, "akwai wasu da yawa a cikin mummunar yanayi, suna mutuwa kowace rana, a Biafra". Anyaoku ya tafi a cikin jirgin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] zuwa Najeriya ta hanyar [[Amsterdam]] da [[Sao Tomé|Sao Tome]] . Kashegari bayan isowarsa a yankin Biafran, ya sami mummunar gogewar harin bam a lokacin da ya nutse tare da abokan hulɗarsa biyu a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Biafran a ƙarƙashin teburin. Daga bisani ya gamu da Ojukwu a cikin bunker dinsa a hedkwatarsa. Kuma lokacin da ya bar Biafra, bayan ya ga wasu daga cikin danginsa, ya sami hanyar fita a cikin jirgin da ke fitar da yara. Jirgin sama ne ba tare da kujeru ba, wanda ya tashi daga Uli zuwa [[Gabon]]. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Commonwealth da shawarwari daban-daban, kamar su raba gardama na Gibraltar na 1967, rikicin tsarin mulki na St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla na 1969 zuwa 1970, matsalolin da suka biyo bayan kauracewa wasannin Commonwealth a cikin shekarun 1980 da kuma tsarin da ya haifar da zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] kuma musamman, Afirka ta Kudu <ref name="commonwealth85" /> Ya kuma hau kan tsani a cikin Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Ya zama Darakta na Sashen Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a 1971 kuma a 1975 ya hau matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1977, Gwamnatocin Commonwealth sun zabe shi mataimakin sakatare-janar tare da alhakin harkokin kasa da kasa da kuma gwamnatin sakatariyar. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1983, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kuma ya koma Najeriya a gayyatar Shugaban kasa [[Shehu Shagari]] ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan kasashen waje na kasar. A kan hambarar da gwamnati ta hanyar sojoji a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983, ya koma tare da goyon bayan gwamnatocin Commonwealth zuwa matsayinsa na baya a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1989, a taron da suka yi a [[Kuala Lumpur|Kuala-lumpur]] Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a taron shugabannin gwamnati na Limassol na 1993 na karo na biyu na shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General: Buy Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General by unknown at Low Price in India |url=https://www.flipkart.com/commonwealth-deputy-secretaries-general/p/itmdy7yqzh4hrgac |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Flipkart.com |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga yin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dangantakar da ke cikin Commonwealth da inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ɗayan manyan ayyukan da ya yi a lokacin mulkinsa shine kafa dimokuradiya a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi kira ba tare da gajiyawa ba kuma ya yi magana game da gwagwarmayar kawar da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1990, a lokacin da aka saki tsohon shugaban kasar [[Nelson Mandela]] daga gidan yarin Pollsmoor, Anyaoku ta dauki bakuncin Madiba zuwa abincin dare na farko a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a London. Tsakanin 1 ga Nuwamba 1991 da 17 ga Nuwamba 1993, ya ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu sau 11, ta amfani da kwarewarsa ta diflomasiyya don taimakawa wajen karya rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin tattaunawar da ya kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1998, don nuna godiya ga gudummawar Anyaoku ga sauyawa a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma yadda ya goyi bayan dalilin ci gaba a Kudancin Afirka, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ya ba shi girmamawa mai ban sha'awa na yin magana da zaman hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu. Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya rubuta gabatarwar tarihin Anyaoku, Eye of Fire, wanda Phyllis Johnson ta rubuta, da kuma tarihin Anyaoku.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref><ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Anyaoku ta shiga cikin sauye-sauye da yawa don daidaita zaman lafiya tsakanin shugabannin Commonwealth da jam'iyyun adawa a kasashensu. Ya kuma fara amfani da Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido na Commonwealth don taimakawa zabe a kasashe daban-daban. Baya ga yin tasiri mai fa'ida a kan tsarin zabe, kasancewar masu sa ido na Commonwealth ya sauƙaƙa ga jam'iyyun da suka rasa su yarda da sakamakon, idan masu sa ido da Commonwealth suka yanke hukuncin zaben ya zama kyauta da adalci. A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a matsayin Sakatare Janar, ya aika da kungiyoyi masu lura da zabe 51 zuwa kasashe daban-daban na Commonwealth. Da farko tare da Shugaba [[Kenneth Kaunda|Kaunda]] a shekarar 1991, ya shiga tsakani don taimakawa Zambia da sauran kasashe da dama na Commonwealth don wucewa daga jihar daya ko mulkin soja zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya na jam'iyya da yawa. Misali, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya shawo kan Shugaba Arap Ni na Kenya don samun gwani na tsarin mulki ya zo ya taimaka wa kasar ta sake duba kundin tsarin mulkinta don daidaita shi da bukatun dimokuradiyya na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa kuma daga baya a farkon 1992, ya shawo kansa ga shugabannin jam'iyyu uku da suka ki amincewa da sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa don karɓar shi ta haka ya ceci kasar daga mummunar rikicin siyasa. Wadannan shiga tsakani ba a iyakance su a Afirka ba. Shiga da hannu a [[Bangladesh]] wani misali ne wanda ya bukaci lokaci da haƙuri mai yawa. Shugabannin siyasa biyu na kasar sune [[Khaleda Zia|Begum Zia]] da [[Sheikh Hasina]] . Begum Zia ta zama Firayim Minista bayan kisan mijinta wanda shine Firayim Ministan. Shugaban jam'iyyar adawa, Sheikh Hasina, 'yar Sheik Abdul Rahman ce, Firayim Minista na farko na Bangladesh mai zaman kanta wanda aka kashe shi tare da dukan iyalinsa ban da 'yar Hasina a juyin mulkin soja. Hasina ta yi sa'a ta fita daga kasar a wannan daren mai ban mamaki. Anyaoku ya shawo kan shugabannin biyu su yarda da shawararsa na aika da kwararren wakilin ya zo Bangladesh don gudanar da tattaunawa da Firayim Minista, Begum Zia da shugaban adawa Sheik Hasina tare da neman tsari don daidaitawa tsakanin jam'iyyun su biyu. Anyaoku saboda haka ya aika a matsayin wakilin sa na musamman, Sir Ninian Steven, tsohon Gwamna Janar na Australiya, wanda ya kwashe makonni a Dhaka yana ba da zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da jam'iyyun adawa. Ya kuma shiga tsakani a Pakistan a lokacin da ake iya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin Shugaban kasar na lokacin, Mista Farooq Leghari da Firayim Minista, Nawaz Sharif . Mafi ƙalubale daga cikin abubuwan da ya shiga tsakani shine rikicin da ya faru a ƙasarsa Najeriya wanda ya biyo bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na 12 12 Yuni 1993 da gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta lokacin ta yi. Cif [[Moshood Abiola]] ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Transition or Travesty: Nigeria's Endless Process of Return to Civilian Rule |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8314.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> A ranar da aka soke shi, Anyaoku ya fitar da wata sanarwa mai ƙarfi, yana mai cewa sokewar "babban koma baya ne ga manufar dimokuradiyya, musamman a lokacin da dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth suka yi alkawarin inganta mulkin dimokuradiya a kasashensu"; ya kira shi "abin takaici" ga duk waɗanda ke sa ran ɗaukar ofishin gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyar a Najeriya. Anyaoku yana da matsala mai tsanani lokacin da Babangida "ya bar" kuma Janar [[Sani Abacha]] bayan 'yan watanni na yarjejeniyar da ake kira Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta karɓi gwamnatin ƙasar a juyin mulkin soja a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1993. Abacha ya kafa karin matakan da suka fi tsanani. Ya kama kuma ya daure wanda ake zaton ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993, Abiola . Kuma kasar ta shiga cikin babban rikici tare da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar jama'a da ke faruwa a ko'ina. Abacha ya kara tsananta rikicin ta hanyar kamawa, tsarewa da kuma gabatar da [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] da sauran masu gwagwarmayar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] a kan zargin shiga cikin kisan shugabannin Ogoni guda hudu wadanda suka yi adawa da hanyar kamfen din su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nigeria: Shell complicit in the arbitrary executions of Ogoni Nine as writ served in Dutch court |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/shell-complicit-arbitrary-executions-ogoni-nine-writ-dutch-court/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Maris na shekara ta 1995, gwamnatin Abacha ta yi zargin cewa an yi yunkurin juyin mulki a kanta. Masu kallo da yawa sun yi watsi da wannan a matsayin juyin mulki. Gwamnatin, duk da haka, ta fara kamawa da tsare da yawa daga cikin jami'ai da tsoffin jami'ai, ciki har da tsohon shugaban kasa, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Janar Olusegun Obasanjo]], da mataimakinsa na baya, Janar [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua|Shehu Musa Yar"Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: A Travesty of Justice: Secret treason trials and other concerns |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a98fc.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Kotun soja ce ta yi wa wadanda ake zargi da juyin mulki shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukunci daban-daban, tare da ba Obasanjo gidan yari na rai, yayin da aka yanke wa Yar'Adua hukuncin kisa. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da kamfen don warware rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar aika sakonni ga Abacha da yin sanarwa a fili, ba tare da amfani ba. Batun ya zo ne lokacin da aka yanke wa Ken Saro-Wiwa da takwas daga cikin 'yan uwansa da ake tuhuma hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ken Saro-Wiwa |url=https://www.shell.com.ng/sustainability/environment/ogon-issue/ken-saro-wiwa.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.shell.com.ng |language=en}}</ref> Anyaoku ya yi kira ga Abacha da neman gafara ga masu fafutuka da aka hukunta. Wannan roko ya fadi a kunnuwan Abacha kuma daga ƙarshe ya kashe Ken Saro-Wiwa da abokan aikinsa a gaban taron shugabannin Commonwealth a [[Auckland|Auckland, New Zealand]], a watan Nuwamba 1995. A mayar da martani, shugabannin Commonwealth sun yanke shawarar dakatar da Najeriya daga membobinta na kungiyar. A halin yanzu, Anyaoku ya nemi shiga Abacha cikin tattaunawar da aka yi da nufin warware rikicin siyasa a Najeriya. Anyaoku ya sadu da yarjejeniyar Abacha a watan Yulin 1995 tare da Abiola a tsare don tattauna shawararsa don tattaunawa tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu tare da manufar amincewa da shirye-shiryen karɓar sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke. Yayinda Abiola a bangarensa ya yarda da shawarar, Abacha ya ƙi shi yana gaya wa Anyaoku cewa zai fi so ya nemi mafita game da rikicin ta hanyar taron kundin tsarin mulki da zai taru da shi. Bayan mutuwar Abacha kwatsam a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1998, sabon mulkin soja a karkashin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya zo don sauƙaƙe dawowar kasar cikin sauri zuwa ga rarraba dimokuradiyya. Anyaoku tare da tawagarsa ta Commonwealth sun ba da cikakken goyon baya ga wannan tsari, gami da musamman zaben kasa wanda ya samar da gwamnatin farar hula ta Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. A cikin bin fifiko da ya bayyana tun daga farkon mulkinsa don sanya Commonwealth ta zama mai karfi don inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, Anyaoku a farkon 1997, ya shirya taron farko na shugabannin gwamnatin Commonwealth na Afirka don tattauna dimokuradiya da kyakkyawan shugabanni a nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy: Partnership for Peace and Prosperity {{!}} The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126171843/https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |archive-date=26 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa na Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a ranar 31 ga Maris 2000. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, Jami'ar London ta kafa kujerar kwararru a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth mai suna Emeka Anyaoku Farfesa na Nazarin Commonwealth. An kuma gayyace shi ya zama Babban Mai Ziyarci a Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanar da Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (2000-2002). An ba shi kyautar Freedom of the City of London a shekarar 1998 kuma ya karbi kayan ado daga Najeriya CFR da CON, da kuma mafi girman girmamawar farar hula na Kamaru, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia da Trinidad & Tobago's Trinity Cross (TC) da kuma girmamawa Knight Grand Cross na Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) daga Mai Girma, Sarauniya a shekara ta 2000. Ya kasance daya daga cikin hamsin, kuma daya daga cikin mutane ɗari waɗanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba su lambobin zinare na musamman don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga ci gaban ƙasar a cikin bukukuwan Jubilee na 'yancin kai na Najeriya a cikin 2010 da Centenary a cikin 2014 . Emeka Anyaoku marubuciya ce da aka buga <ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-237-52734-0|<bdi>0-237-52734-0</bdi>]].</ref> kuma yanzu tana da digiri na digiri na digiri 33 daga manyan jami'o'i a Burtaniya, Kanada, Ghana, Jamhuriyar Ireland, Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Switzerland da Zimbabwe. Anyaoku ya yi aiki a karkashin shugabanni uku da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2015. Shi tare da [[Kofi Annan]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun dukkan 'yan takarar shugaban kasa da jam'iyyun siyasa su sadaukar da kansu ga tsarin zabe ba tare da tashin hankali ba ta hanyar sanya hannu a watan Janairun Yarjejeniyar Abuja wacce ta tabbatar da zaben zaman lafiya da sauyawa zuwa sabon tsarin dimokuradiyya a Najeriya na Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] a watan Mayu 2015. Matsayin da Cif Emeka Anyaoku ya yi aiki / har yanzu yana aiki sun haɗa da: * 1975: Shugaba, Ofishin Jakadancin Commonwealth zuwa Mozambique <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 72, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> * 1979-90: memba na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje a London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190430/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1984-90: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Asusun Ajiye Yara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odu |first=Oji |title=Anyaoku: 'Eye of Fire' |url=http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093032/http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.thesourceng.com}}</ref> * 1992-: Mai Girma memba na Kungiyar Roma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724200747/https://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1994-96: memba, Hukumar Duniya kan dazuzzuka[https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100019223 Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Duniya] * 2000-06: Shugaban kasa, Royal Commonwealth Society * 2000-ya zuwa yanzu: Shugaban, Royal African Society <ref>[http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/427/local/back-matter.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2021}}</ref> * 2001-ya zuwa yanzu: memba, Ƙungiyar Mashahuran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taimakawa ci gaba da manufofin Taron Duniya na Yaki da wariyar launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2001 |title=Leading international figures meet in Geneva in support of world conference on racism {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/rd916.doc.htm |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> * 2002-09: Shugaba, Asusun Duniya na Yanayi, WWF <ref>{{Cite web |title=A new president for WWF |url=http://www.wwf.org.uk/wwf_articles.cfm?unewsid=632 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.wwf.org.uk}}</ref> * 2004-05: Shugaban, Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan goyon bayan kasa da kasa ga Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD) * 2002-10: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kudancin a Geneva * 2005-13: Mai kula da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Minutes of the meeting held on 24 November 2011 at the British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803114330/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-03 |access-date=7 May 2024 |publisher=The British Museum Board of Trustees}}</ref> * 2000-15: Shugaban, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Najeriya.<ref name="vanguardngr.com" /> * 2013-yanzu: Shugaba, Metropolitan Club, Legas. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An kafa shi a cikin 1980 a matsayin '''[[Ichi (scarification)|Ichie]] Adazie''' na Obosi, Anyaoku ya ci gaba da cika ayyukan ofishin shugabancin Ndichie na gargajiya a Obosi. Ichie Anyaoku ta auri Gimbiya Bunmi Anyaoku tun 1962. Gimbiya Anyaoku 'yar [[Oba|Omoba]] ce ta [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya . <ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFrcraggs2013">rcraggs (27 September 2013). [https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ "Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"]. ''Commonwealth Oral History Project''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Game da aurensu, an rubuta shi a cikin Nigerian Sunday Times, sannan jaridar da ta fi yaduwa a kasar, cewa {{Cquote|it was a wedding of one of Nigeria's most eligible bachelors and a beautiful young Princess educated in an English boarding school and Pitman College, London.}} Suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Adiba; 'yarsu - [[lauya]] da ke aiki a kwamitin Old Mutual plc - da' ya'ya maza uku; Oluyemisi, Obiechina, da Emenike. Emeka tana da jikoki biyu, waɗanda aka haifa wa Adiba da mijinta; Irenne Ighodaro da Osita Ighodaro . A cikin 1990, shugabannin dukkan al'ummomi 19 na Idemili Clan a gidansa na Jihar Anambra sun ba Anyaoku girmamawa ta musamman ta hanyar saka masa hannun jari tare da taken '''Ugwumba Idemili''' . Matarsa, Bunmi, ita ma shugaba ce - Ugoma Obosi da Idemili - a cikin haƙƙinta, tare da dogon lokaci a cikin aikin jin dadin Najeriya da Commonwealth. A matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin ranar haihuwarsa ta 91 a ranar 18 ga Janairun 2024, Anyaoku ya bayyana Cibiyar Emeka da Bunmi Anyaoku a Obosi, garinsu. Cibiyar tana da ɗakin karatu da gidan kayan gargajiya da ya gina a garin a matsayin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi, aikin dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tarin da ke cikin gidan kayan gargajiya sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na al'adu daga ko'ina cikin Najeriya, sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth da Afirka yayin da ɗakin karatu yana da takardunsa na sirri daga kwanakinsa a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth of Nations da littattafai da sauran albarkatun ilimi. Emeka Anyaoku dan Anglican ne, mahaifinsa ya tuba zuwa wannan bangaskiya. Ya rubuta cewa shi ne {{Cquote|very comfortable being an Anglican, comfortable with the beliefs that Anglicanism represents.<ref>''Why I am Still an Anglican'', Continuum, 2006, p. 46.</ref>}} Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Royal Commonwealth Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society |url=https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226110043/https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |archive-date=26 December 2013 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=thercs.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{Succession box}} {{s-npo}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}}{{Commonwealth Secretary-General}}{{Foreign Ministers of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8jwreeb7izmviil1z1nwhwy3pi43ego 841146 841137 2026-05-28T07:54:06Z AKA024 30597 841146 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Chief Emeka Anyaoku''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga Janairun 1933) jami’in diflomasiyyar Najeriya ne. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na uku na ƙungiyar Commonwealth. An haife shi ne a garin Obosi, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Merchants of Light da ke Oba.<ref name="Africa Who's Who" /> Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Jami’a ta Ibadan, wadda a lokacin take ƙarƙashin University of London, inda ya samu digiri na girmamawa a fannin Classics a matsayin ɗalibin da ya samu tallafin kwaleji. Baya ga aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin diflomasiyya, Chief Anyaoku na ci gaba da gudanar da alhakin sarautarsa ta gargajiya a matsayin <nowiki>'''Ichie Adazie na Obosi''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na tsarin '''Ndichie'''</nowiki> a garin Obosi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Person page |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004559/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |website=the presidency.co.za.}}</ref> == Tarihin iyali == An haifi <nowiki>'''Eleazar Chukwuemeka “Emeka” Anyaoku'''</nowiki> ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 1933 ga iyayensa Emmanuel da Cecilia Anyaoku a garin Obosi, wanda a lokacin yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙauyuka a yankin gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, <nowiki>'''Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Anyaoku'''</nowiki>, ya samu ilimi har matakin makarantar tsakiya bayan ya kammala firamare a makarantar CMS da ke Onitsha ƙarƙashin kulawar Reverend William Blackett, wani mishan na Kirista.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, p. 183, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref> <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 49, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref>Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a hukumar jiragen ƙasa, sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a wani asibiti da ke Kaduna a Arewacin Najeriya kafin ya zama malamin addinin Kirista (catechist). Bayan ya yi shekaru yana wannan hidima, ya koma garinsu domin gudanar da noma. Daga baya kuma ya zama <nowiki>'''Ononukpo'''</nowiki> (shugaba) na Okpuno Ire, wani yanki da ke cikin Ire, mafi girman ƙauyen Obosi. <nowiki>'''Cecilia Anyaoku''', wadda sunanta na haihuwa shi ne '''Adiba Ogbogu'''</nowiki>, Emmanuel ya aura a matsayin matarsa ta biyu bayan ya dawo daga Kaduna sakamakon rasuwar matarsa ta farko. Cecilia ta fito ne daga wani iyali da ke unguwar Ugamuma a garin Obosi. Ta taso ne a gidan Reverend Ekpunobi, wanda yake mai kula da ita kuma ɗan ƙasar Obosi na farko da aka naɗa a matsayin limamin Anglican. A wancan lokaci ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi wayewa da ilimi a cikin al’umma. Cecilia ta zauna tare da iyalin Ekpunobi a matsayin riƙaƙƙiya. Bayan Reverend Ekpunobi ya samu labarin mutuwar matar Emmanuel, sai ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa, daga baya kuma ya rinjayi Emmanuel da Adiba su yi aure. Ɗansu na farko mace ce, amma ba ta rayu ba. Bayan haka ne aka haifi Emeka, wanda yake da ’yan’uwa guda biyar. == Ilimi == Lokacin da Emeka Anyaoku yake da shekara bakwai, an aika shi ya zauna tare da ƙanin mahaifinsa guda ɗaya, Egwuenu Anyaoku, a Umuahia domin fara karatunsa a wata makaranta da ke yankin karkara sosai.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 1–2, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> A wancan lokaci, mafi girman ajin da makarantar ke da shi shi ne aji na huɗu (standard four). Tsarin mulkin mallaka na lokacin bai cika ƙarfafa ɗalibai su wuce matakin standard four ko standard six ba. Da yake da shekara goma a shekarar 1943, an tura Emeka ya zauna tare da ɗan’uwan mahaifinsa, Nathaniel Enwezor, wanda yake shugaban makarantar CMS Central School da ke Agbor, mai tazarar kusan kilomita 75 daga Obosi.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 2–3, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Domin samun ilimin sakandarensa, matashin Emeka Anyaoku ya halarci makarantar <nowiki>'''Merchants of Light School (MOLS)'''</nowiki> da ke Oba. Makarantar kwana ce wadda wani abokin mahaifinsa, Dr. Enoch Oli, ya kafa. Dr. Oli ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ilimi daga Najeriya wanda ya samu horo a biranen Landan da Oxford na ƙasar Birtaniya. A lokacin karatunsa, Mista Oli ya koyar da Emeka da sauran ɗalibai muhimmancin ƙwazo wajen aiki, kyawawan ɗabi’u da kuma kyakkyawar mu’amala tsakanin jama’a. A wannan muhimmin lokaci na tasowarsa, Emeka Anyaoku ya fara bayyana a matsayin matashi mai hazaka da ƙwazo na musamman. A garinsu na Obosi, musamman a lokutan hutun Ista da Kirsimeti lokacin da ɗalibai ke dawowa gida, ɗaya daga cikin abokan zamansa, Chief Godfrey Eneli, ya tuna cewa suna shirya muhawarori da sauran ayyukan ɗalibai ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''Obosi Students Association'''</nowiki>. A cewar Eneli, Anyaoku ya riga ya nuna alamun jagoranci tun yana matashi. Ya ce:<blockquote>“Tun a wancan lokaci na fahimci cewa zai zama shugaba, domin hakan yana bayyana a duk lokacin da muka dawo gida hutun makaranta.”</blockquote>Ya ƙara da cewa:<blockquote>“Mun kasance muna kiransa da suna ‘lawyer’ saboda yawan muhawararsa da kuma yadda yake amfani da hujja da tunani mai ma’ana wajen tunkarar kowace magana. Hikimarsa da yadda yake gabatar da hujjoji kan rinjayi tunaninmu a duk tattaunawar da muka yi.”</blockquote> Wani daga cikin tsaransa, S. I. Metu, abokin aji wanda daga baya ya zama babban ma'aikacin banki da ma'aikaci na gwamnati, ya yaba da kwarewarsa ta hulɗa. Ya ce game da Anyaoku, "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrunsa shine cewa shi mai haɗawa ne mai kyau, kusan ba shi da abokan gaba saboda abokantaka ta gaba ɗaya..... daga duk abin da muka sani yanzu game da Mista Anyaoku, a bayyane yake cewa an ƙaddara shi ya zama diflomasiyya, saboda yana da duk abubuwan da ya yi - basira, abokantaka, ikon samun abubuwa ba tare da ɓata wa kowa ba" Metuoku kuma tunatar da Anya a matsayin ɗalibi mai karatu sosai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Haske. Ya ce, "Anyaoku ba zai iya ajiye wani lokaci ba don wasa - koyaushe yana karatu ko aiki a kan wani abu. Ko kuma a wasu lokuta, lokacin da ya gaji kuma yana so ya huta, zai yi wasu ba'a masu tsanani kuma kowa zai yi dariya. " Anyaoku na daga cikin na biyu na yara maza 60. Lokacin da suka zauna don jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge, ya ɗauki batutuwa 10 kuma ya sami nasarar shiga makarantar farko, matakin mafi girma. Bayan karatunsa na sakandare, Anyaoku a 1952 ya ci gaba da koyarwa a Kwalejin Emmanuel, [[Owerri]] a yankin Gabas na lokacin, ya kasance a can har zuwa tsakiyar 1954 yana koyar da lissafi, Latin da Ingilishi. Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a MOLS ya kunna masa sha'awar Classics. Malamin Latin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da ƙauna ga harsuna, dokoki da al'adun Helenawa da Romawa na dā, da kuma tushen gargajiya na harshen Ingilishi. Anyaoku ya yanke shawarar zuwa ya yi nazarin Classics a sabon Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan, babbar cibiyar irin ta a kasar, wacce aka kafa a 1948 a matsayin kwalejin kasashen waje na Jami'ar London. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 lokacin da Anyaoku ke karatun digiri a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, ƙasar Najeriya ta shiga cikin muhawara, tattaunawa da zanga-zangar kan makomar siyasa ta ƙasar. Akwai rikice-rikice game da lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya da kuma irin tsarin siyasa da ya kamata ta nemi' yancin kai ko a matsayin jihar hadin kai ko tarayya. Birnin Ibadan yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin waɗannan muhawara. Kuma Kwalejin Jami'ar, wacce ta haɗu da ɗalibai masu basira, malamai da 'yan siyasa daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ta zama cibiyar abin da aka bayyana a matsayin tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙasa. Anyaoku ya kasance a cikin wannan a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai. Shi tare da masu kama da juna a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar sun yi kamfen don goyon bayan jihar hadin kai, a kan tarayyar tarayya.<ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Sun aika da korafe-korafe da wakilai ga manyan shugabannin siyasa guda uku a kasar a lokacin, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe]] a yankin Gabashin kasar, Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] a Yamma, da Sardauna na Sokoto, Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] a yankin Arewa. Anyaoku a 1959 ya sami digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar London a cikin gargajiya a matsayin masanin kwaleji kuma ya shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth (CDC) a Legas. Kamfanin ya tura shi a matsayin Babban Mai horar da shi zuwa hedikwatar CDC a London daga inda ya tafi darasi a Royal Institute for Public Administration a London. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960, Birtaniya ta ba Najeriya 'yancin kai. Kuma Anyaoku an mayar da shi ofishin yankin CDC na Yammacin Afirka a Legas a ƙarshen Disamba 1960. == Aure == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1961, Anyaoku sannan Babban Jami'in CDC ya sadu da wata yarinya mai shekaru 20 mai suna [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]], Gimbiya Ebunola Olubunmi Solanke, a wani biki na maraice wanda shi da abokin aikinsa suka shirya wa abokinsu a Legas. Yarima, wacce aka fi sani da karamin "Bunmi", ta sami ilimi a Ingila a makarantar kwana ta mata ta Kirista, St. Mary's School a Hastings . Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Pitman, London. Emeka da Bunmi sun yi aure a Cocin Anglican Cathedral a Legas a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1962. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1959, Emeka Anyaoku ta shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth . A farkon 1962, Anyaoku ya sadu da Firayim Minista na Najeriya na lokacin, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] . Ya bi shugabansa mai ziyara, Lord Howick, Shugaban Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth, zuwa ganawa da Firayim Minista kan ayyukan kamfanin a Najeriya da yankin Yammacin Afirka. Firayim Minista, ya burge shi da amsoshin Anyaoku ga wasu tambayoyinsa game da ayyukan da CDC ke tallafawa a Yammacin Afirka, ya nuna sha'awar makomar Anyaoku kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi la'akari da shiga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan wata hira mai wahala da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jama'a ta Tarayya ta yi, an ba shi alƙawari a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a watan Afrilun 1962.<ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wata daya da ya shiga, an nada shi Mataimakin Mutum ga Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. A can ya shiga cikin tsari wanda ya haifar da kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) a watan Mayu 1963. Bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Najeriya, kuma a 1963 an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York. A shekarar 1966, ya shiga Sakatariyar Commonwealth a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa. A cikin 1968-69 akwai kamfen da gwamnatin soja ta Najeriya ta yi don tunatar da Anyaoku; wanda ya ce shi ba dan takarar Najeriya ne mai dacewa ba, kuma suna damuwa game da amincinsa "ga ƙasar da aka haife shi". Amma "Emeka ta yi murabus daga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya kuma Arnold ba shi da matsala wajen karkatar da bukatar". A shekara ta 1977, Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1983, gwamnatin farar hula ta Najeriya ta nada Anyaoku ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnati daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya koma matsayinsa na Mataimakin Sakatare Janar tare da goyon bayan sabuwar gwamnati a Najeriya da amincewar dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth. A Taron Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth a [[Kuala Lumpur]] a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1989, an zabi Anyaoku a matsayin Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a 1993 CHOGM a Limassol don wa'adin shekaru biyar na biyu, wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1995. == Majalisar Dinkin Duniya == A watan Yulin 1963, yana da shekaru 30, an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York. An haifi ɗansa na farko, Adiba, a asibitin New York Lying-In a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1963, kwana biyu kafin a kashe Shugaba [[John F. Kennedy]] na Amurka. Bayan 'yan makonni da suka gabata, Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriyar, tare da Nnamdi Azikiwe a matsayin Shugaban farko. A matsayinsa na aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Anyaoku a matsayin wakilin Najeriya a kwamitin musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan wariyar launin fata ya tsara ƙuduri - wanda Najeriya ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dinkin duniya a 1965 - wanda ya kafa asusun amincewa don ba da damar gwamnatoci su ba da gudummawa ga kare fursunonin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin rikicin da gwamnatin Ian Smith ta haifar a [[Rhodesia]]" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Rhodesia">Kudancin Rhodesia a Kudanci na Afirka, wanda ya sanar da sanarwar Independence (UDI) ta Rhodesia daga Burtaniya. Anyaoku ya yi magana a dandamali daban-daban don yin Allah wadai da wannan ci gaba. Ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan lokuta ne labarin juyin mulkin soja na farko na Najeriya a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966 ya kai masa. Firayim Minista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Firayim Ministan Yankin Arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello, da wasu shugabannin jihar bayan samun 'yancin kai an kashe su a lokacin juyin mulkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmadu Bello: Assassinated leader of Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ahmadu-bello-assassinated-leader-of-northern-nigeria/1380183 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Wannan juyin mulkin ya faru ne kwana daya bayan Firayim Minista ya karbi bakuncin wasu shugabannin Commonwealth ciki har da sabon Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith, zuwa wani taro a Legas inda suka tattauna batun Rhodesia. == Shekaru na Commonwealth == A watan Yulin 1965 an aiwatar da shawarar da Shugabannin Gwamnatin Commonwealth suka yanke na kafa Sakatariyar Commonwealth tare da nadin wani fitaccen jami'in diflomasiyyar Kanada, Arnold Smith a matsayin Sakatare Janar na farko na Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2014-05-10 |title=Session 1 – The Office of the Secretary General |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2014/session-1-the-office-of-the-secretary-general/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakatare Janar yana cikin aiwatar da tara ƙungiya mai yawa, mai al'adu da yawa a cikin sabon Sakatariyar. A ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya a watan Nuwamba 1965, Smith ya sadu kuma ya gaya wa Firayim Minista, Sir Tafawa Balewa a gaban Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya na lokacin da kuma Sakatare na Dindindin, cewa yana neman wani matashi jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin waje na Najeriya wanda zai "taimaka masa ya yi wauta game da tatsuniyoyin wariyar launin fata". <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku "Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub"]. ''infohub.xyz.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=March 2024}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2024]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> Bayan Smith ya tafi, Firayim Ministan ya nemi Ma'aikatun Harkokin Wajen ta ba shi sunaye uku da za su gamsar da bukatar Sakatare Janar. Anyaoku na daga cikin sunaye uku da aka ba da shawarar kuma Firayim Minista ya zaba shi don turawa zuwa sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Lokacin da ya isa Sakatariyar a Landan a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1966, Anyaoku ya yi matukar sha'awar yadda Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ke kula da batun Rhodesia UDI. An sanya shi Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa wanda daga baya ya zama Sashen Harkokin Siyasa. Babban aikinsa na farko shi ne ya zama Sakataren Kwamitin Bincike wanda Sakatare Janar ya kafa tare da amincewar Shugabannin Gwamnati don sake duba duk cibiyoyin gwamnati na Commonwealth da ke akwai don tantance abin da ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth da aka kafa. <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub" /> A watan Yulin 1967, yakin basasar Najeriya ya barke. A wannan lokacin, shi da matarsa sun shirya abincin rana da yawa a gidansu na London ga wakilan Najeriya da [[Biyafara|Biafran]] a tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ya shirya. A tsakiyar tattaunawar, ya gaya wa Sakatare Janar cewa yana shirye ya tafi gida don yin magana da shugaban Biafra, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] game da shawarwarin zaman lafiya na Sakatare janar ga jam'iyyun biyu masu yaƙi. Shi da Ojukwu sun kasance abokai tun suna yara. Smith ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai amma ya bar Anyaoku ya tafi. Lokacin da yake tafiya, ɗansa na uku, Obi, wanda ke da kimanin watanni uku, yana da rashin lafiya sosai a asibiti. Likitoci sun damu da cewa bazai tsira daga cutar ba. Lokacin da ya gaya wa matarsa, Bunmi, cewa dole ne ya yi tafiya, sai ta yi mamakin rashin jin dadinsa ga yanayin ɗansu. Anyaoku ya gaya mata, "akwai wasu da yawa a cikin mummunar yanayi, suna mutuwa kowace rana, a Biafra". Anyaoku ya tafi a cikin jirgin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] zuwa Najeriya ta hanyar [[Amsterdam]] da [[Sao Tomé|Sao Tome]] . Kashegari bayan isowarsa a yankin Biafran, ya sami mummunar gogewar harin bam a lokacin da ya nutse tare da abokan hulɗarsa biyu a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Biafran a ƙarƙashin teburin. Daga bisani ya gamu da Ojukwu a cikin bunker dinsa a hedkwatarsa. Kuma lokacin da ya bar Biafra, bayan ya ga wasu daga cikin danginsa, ya sami hanyar fita a cikin jirgin da ke fitar da yara. Jirgin sama ne ba tare da kujeru ba, wanda ya tashi daga Uli zuwa [[Gabon]]. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Commonwealth da shawarwari daban-daban, kamar su raba gardama na Gibraltar na 1967, rikicin tsarin mulki na St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla na 1969 zuwa 1970, matsalolin da suka biyo bayan kauracewa wasannin Commonwealth a cikin shekarun 1980 da kuma tsarin da ya haifar da zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] kuma musamman, Afirka ta Kudu <ref name="commonwealth85" /> Ya kuma hau kan tsani a cikin Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Ya zama Darakta na Sashen Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a 1971 kuma a 1975 ya hau matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1977, Gwamnatocin Commonwealth sun zabe shi mataimakin sakatare-janar tare da alhakin harkokin kasa da kasa da kuma gwamnatin sakatariyar. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1983, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kuma ya koma Najeriya a gayyatar Shugaban kasa [[Shehu Shagari]] ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan kasashen waje na kasar. A kan hambarar da gwamnati ta hanyar sojoji a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983, ya koma tare da goyon bayan gwamnatocin Commonwealth zuwa matsayinsa na baya a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1989, a taron da suka yi a [[Kuala Lumpur|Kuala-lumpur]] Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a taron shugabannin gwamnati na Limassol na 1993 na karo na biyu na shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General: Buy Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General by unknown at Low Price in India |url=https://www.flipkart.com/commonwealth-deputy-secretaries-general/p/itmdy7yqzh4hrgac |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Flipkart.com |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga yin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dangantakar da ke cikin Commonwealth da inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ɗayan manyan ayyukan da ya yi a lokacin mulkinsa shine kafa dimokuradiya a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi kira ba tare da gajiyawa ba kuma ya yi magana game da gwagwarmayar kawar da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1990, a lokacin da aka saki tsohon shugaban kasar [[Nelson Mandela]] daga gidan yarin Pollsmoor, Anyaoku ta dauki bakuncin Madiba zuwa abincin dare na farko a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a London. Tsakanin 1 ga Nuwamba 1991 da 17 ga Nuwamba 1993, ya ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu sau 11, ta amfani da kwarewarsa ta diflomasiyya don taimakawa wajen karya rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin tattaunawar da ya kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1998, don nuna godiya ga gudummawar Anyaoku ga sauyawa a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma yadda ya goyi bayan dalilin ci gaba a Kudancin Afirka, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ya ba shi girmamawa mai ban sha'awa na yin magana da zaman hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu. Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya rubuta gabatarwar tarihin Anyaoku, Eye of Fire, wanda Phyllis Johnson ta rubuta, da kuma tarihin Anyaoku.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref><ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Anyaoku ta shiga cikin sauye-sauye da yawa don daidaita zaman lafiya tsakanin shugabannin Commonwealth da jam'iyyun adawa a kasashensu. Ya kuma fara amfani da Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido na Commonwealth don taimakawa zabe a kasashe daban-daban. Baya ga yin tasiri mai fa'ida a kan tsarin zabe, kasancewar masu sa ido na Commonwealth ya sauƙaƙa ga jam'iyyun da suka rasa su yarda da sakamakon, idan masu sa ido da Commonwealth suka yanke hukuncin zaben ya zama kyauta da adalci. A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a matsayin Sakatare Janar, ya aika da kungiyoyi masu lura da zabe 51 zuwa kasashe daban-daban na Commonwealth. Da farko tare da Shugaba [[Kenneth Kaunda|Kaunda]] a shekarar 1991, ya shiga tsakani don taimakawa Zambia da sauran kasashe da dama na Commonwealth don wucewa daga jihar daya ko mulkin soja zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya na jam'iyya da yawa. Misali, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya shawo kan Shugaba Arap Ni na Kenya don samun gwani na tsarin mulki ya zo ya taimaka wa kasar ta sake duba kundin tsarin mulkinta don daidaita shi da bukatun dimokuradiyya na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa kuma daga baya a farkon 1992, ya shawo kansa ga shugabannin jam'iyyu uku da suka ki amincewa da sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa don karɓar shi ta haka ya ceci kasar daga mummunar rikicin siyasa. Wadannan shiga tsakani ba a iyakance su a Afirka ba. Shiga da hannu a [[Bangladesh]] wani misali ne wanda ya bukaci lokaci da haƙuri mai yawa. Shugabannin siyasa biyu na kasar sune [[Khaleda Zia|Begum Zia]] da [[Sheikh Hasina]] . Begum Zia ta zama Firayim Minista bayan kisan mijinta wanda shine Firayim Ministan. Shugaban jam'iyyar adawa, Sheikh Hasina, 'yar Sheik Abdul Rahman ce, Firayim Minista na farko na Bangladesh mai zaman kanta wanda aka kashe shi tare da dukan iyalinsa ban da 'yar Hasina a juyin mulkin soja. Hasina ta yi sa'a ta fita daga kasar a wannan daren mai ban mamaki. Anyaoku ya shawo kan shugabannin biyu su yarda da shawararsa na aika da kwararren wakilin ya zo Bangladesh don gudanar da tattaunawa da Firayim Minista, Begum Zia da shugaban adawa Sheik Hasina tare da neman tsari don daidaitawa tsakanin jam'iyyun su biyu. Anyaoku saboda haka ya aika a matsayin wakilin sa na musamman, Sir Ninian Steven, tsohon Gwamna Janar na Australiya, wanda ya kwashe makonni a Dhaka yana ba da zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da jam'iyyun adawa. Ya kuma shiga tsakani a Pakistan a lokacin da ake iya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin Shugaban kasar na lokacin, Mista Farooq Leghari da Firayim Minista, Nawaz Sharif . Mafi ƙalubale daga cikin abubuwan da ya shiga tsakani shine rikicin da ya faru a ƙasarsa Najeriya wanda ya biyo bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na 12 12 Yuni 1993 da gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta lokacin ta yi. Cif [[Moshood Abiola]] ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Transition or Travesty: Nigeria's Endless Process of Return to Civilian Rule |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8314.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> A ranar da aka soke shi, Anyaoku ya fitar da wata sanarwa mai ƙarfi, yana mai cewa sokewar "babban koma baya ne ga manufar dimokuradiyya, musamman a lokacin da dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth suka yi alkawarin inganta mulkin dimokuradiya a kasashensu"; ya kira shi "abin takaici" ga duk waɗanda ke sa ran ɗaukar ofishin gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyar a Najeriya. Anyaoku yana da matsala mai tsanani lokacin da Babangida "ya bar" kuma Janar [[Sani Abacha]] bayan 'yan watanni na yarjejeniyar da ake kira Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta karɓi gwamnatin ƙasar a juyin mulkin soja a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1993. Abacha ya kafa karin matakan da suka fi tsanani. Ya kama kuma ya daure wanda ake zaton ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993, Abiola . Kuma kasar ta shiga cikin babban rikici tare da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar jama'a da ke faruwa a ko'ina. Abacha ya kara tsananta rikicin ta hanyar kamawa, tsarewa da kuma gabatar da [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] da sauran masu gwagwarmayar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] a kan zargin shiga cikin kisan shugabannin Ogoni guda hudu wadanda suka yi adawa da hanyar kamfen din su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nigeria: Shell complicit in the arbitrary executions of Ogoni Nine as writ served in Dutch court |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/shell-complicit-arbitrary-executions-ogoni-nine-writ-dutch-court/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Maris na shekara ta 1995, gwamnatin Abacha ta yi zargin cewa an yi yunkurin juyin mulki a kanta. Masu kallo da yawa sun yi watsi da wannan a matsayin juyin mulki. Gwamnatin, duk da haka, ta fara kamawa da tsare da yawa daga cikin jami'ai da tsoffin jami'ai, ciki har da tsohon shugaban kasa, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Janar Olusegun Obasanjo]], da mataimakinsa na baya, Janar [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua|Shehu Musa Yar"Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: A Travesty of Justice: Secret treason trials and other concerns |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a98fc.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Kotun soja ce ta yi wa wadanda ake zargi da juyin mulki shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukunci daban-daban, tare da ba Obasanjo gidan yari na rai, yayin da aka yanke wa Yar'Adua hukuncin kisa. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da kamfen don warware rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar aika sakonni ga Abacha da yin sanarwa a fili, ba tare da amfani ba. Batun ya zo ne lokacin da aka yanke wa Ken Saro-Wiwa da takwas daga cikin 'yan uwansa da ake tuhuma hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ken Saro-Wiwa |url=https://www.shell.com.ng/sustainability/environment/ogon-issue/ken-saro-wiwa.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.shell.com.ng |language=en}}</ref> Anyaoku ya yi kira ga Abacha da neman gafara ga masu fafutuka da aka hukunta. Wannan roko ya fadi a kunnuwan Abacha kuma daga ƙarshe ya kashe Ken Saro-Wiwa da abokan aikinsa a gaban taron shugabannin Commonwealth a [[Auckland|Auckland, New Zealand]], a watan Nuwamba 1995. A mayar da martani, shugabannin Commonwealth sun yanke shawarar dakatar da Najeriya daga membobinta na kungiyar. A halin yanzu, Anyaoku ya nemi shiga Abacha cikin tattaunawar da aka yi da nufin warware rikicin siyasa a Najeriya. Anyaoku ya sadu da yarjejeniyar Abacha a watan Yulin 1995 tare da Abiola a tsare don tattauna shawararsa don tattaunawa tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu tare da manufar amincewa da shirye-shiryen karɓar sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke. Yayinda Abiola a bangarensa ya yarda da shawarar, Abacha ya ƙi shi yana gaya wa Anyaoku cewa zai fi so ya nemi mafita game da rikicin ta hanyar taron kundin tsarin mulki da zai taru da shi. Bayan mutuwar Abacha kwatsam a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1998, sabon mulkin soja a karkashin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya zo don sauƙaƙe dawowar kasar cikin sauri zuwa ga rarraba dimokuradiyya. Anyaoku tare da tawagarsa ta Commonwealth sun ba da cikakken goyon baya ga wannan tsari, gami da musamman zaben kasa wanda ya samar da gwamnatin farar hula ta Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. A cikin bin fifiko da ya bayyana tun daga farkon mulkinsa don sanya Commonwealth ta zama mai karfi don inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, Anyaoku a farkon 1997, ya shirya taron farko na shugabannin gwamnatin Commonwealth na Afirka don tattauna dimokuradiya da kyakkyawan shugabanni a nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy: Partnership for Peace and Prosperity {{!}} The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126171843/https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |archive-date=26 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa na Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a ranar 31 ga Maris 2000. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, Jami'ar London ta kafa kujerar kwararru a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth mai suna Emeka Anyaoku Farfesa na Nazarin Commonwealth. An kuma gayyace shi ya zama Babban Mai Ziyarci a Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanar da Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (2000-2002). An ba shi kyautar Freedom of the City of London a shekarar 1998 kuma ya karbi kayan ado daga Najeriya CFR da CON, da kuma mafi girman girmamawar farar hula na Kamaru, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia da Trinidad & Tobago's Trinity Cross (TC) da kuma girmamawa Knight Grand Cross na Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) daga Mai Girma, Sarauniya a shekara ta 2000. Ya kasance daya daga cikin hamsin, kuma daya daga cikin mutane ɗari waɗanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba su lambobin zinare na musamman don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga ci gaban ƙasar a cikin bukukuwan Jubilee na 'yancin kai na Najeriya a cikin 2010 da Centenary a cikin 2014 . Emeka Anyaoku marubuciya ce da aka buga <ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-237-52734-0|<bdi>0-237-52734-0</bdi>]].</ref> kuma yanzu tana da digiri na digiri na digiri 33 daga manyan jami'o'i a Burtaniya, Kanada, Ghana, Jamhuriyar Ireland, Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Switzerland da Zimbabwe. Anyaoku ya yi aiki a karkashin shugabanni uku da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2015. Shi tare da [[Kofi Annan]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun dukkan 'yan takarar shugaban kasa da jam'iyyun siyasa su sadaukar da kansu ga tsarin zabe ba tare da tashin hankali ba ta hanyar sanya hannu a watan Janairun Yarjejeniyar Abuja wacce ta tabbatar da zaben zaman lafiya da sauyawa zuwa sabon tsarin dimokuradiyya a Najeriya na Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] a watan Mayu 2015. Matsayin da Cif Emeka Anyaoku ya yi aiki / har yanzu yana aiki sun haɗa da: * 1975: Shugaba, Ofishin Jakadancin Commonwealth zuwa Mozambique <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 72, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> * 1979-90: memba na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje a London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190430/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1984-90: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Asusun Ajiye Yara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odu |first=Oji |title=Anyaoku: 'Eye of Fire' |url=http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093032/http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.thesourceng.com}}</ref> * 1992-: Mai Girma memba na Kungiyar Roma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724200747/https://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1994-96: memba, Hukumar Duniya kan dazuzzuka[https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100019223 Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Duniya] * 2000-06: Shugaban kasa, Royal Commonwealth Society * 2000-ya zuwa yanzu: Shugaban, Royal African Society <ref>[http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/427/local/back-matter.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2021}}</ref> * 2001-ya zuwa yanzu: memba, Ƙungiyar Mashahuran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taimakawa ci gaba da manufofin Taron Duniya na Yaki da wariyar launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2001 |title=Leading international figures meet in Geneva in support of world conference on racism {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/rd916.doc.htm |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> * 2002-09: Shugaba, Asusun Duniya na Yanayi, WWF <ref>{{Cite web |title=A new president for WWF |url=http://www.wwf.org.uk/wwf_articles.cfm?unewsid=632 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.wwf.org.uk}}</ref> * 2004-05: Shugaban, Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan goyon bayan kasa da kasa ga Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD) * 2002-10: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kudancin a Geneva * 2005-13: Mai kula da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Minutes of the meeting held on 24 November 2011 at the British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803114330/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-03 |access-date=7 May 2024 |publisher=The British Museum Board of Trustees}}</ref> * 2000-15: Shugaban, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Najeriya.<ref name="vanguardngr.com" /> * 2013-yanzu: Shugaba, Metropolitan Club, Legas. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An kafa shi a cikin 1980 a matsayin '''[[Ichi (scarification)|Ichie]] Adazie''' na Obosi, Anyaoku ya ci gaba da cika ayyukan ofishin shugabancin Ndichie na gargajiya a Obosi. Ichie Anyaoku ta auri Gimbiya Bunmi Anyaoku tun 1962. Gimbiya Anyaoku 'yar [[Oba|Omoba]] ce ta [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya . <ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFrcraggs2013">rcraggs (27 September 2013). [https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ "Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"]. ''Commonwealth Oral History Project''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Game da aurensu, an rubuta shi a cikin Nigerian Sunday Times, sannan jaridar da ta fi yaduwa a kasar, cewa {{Cquote|it was a wedding of one of Nigeria's most eligible bachelors and a beautiful young Princess educated in an English boarding school and Pitman College, London.}} Suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Adiba; 'yarsu - [[lauya]] da ke aiki a kwamitin Old Mutual plc - da' ya'ya maza uku; Oluyemisi, Obiechina, da Emenike. Emeka tana da jikoki biyu, waɗanda aka haifa wa Adiba da mijinta; Irenne Ighodaro da Osita Ighodaro . A cikin 1990, shugabannin dukkan al'ummomi 19 na Idemili Clan a gidansa na Jihar Anambra sun ba Anyaoku girmamawa ta musamman ta hanyar saka masa hannun jari tare da taken '''Ugwumba Idemili''' . Matarsa, Bunmi, ita ma shugaba ce - Ugoma Obosi da Idemili - a cikin haƙƙinta, tare da dogon lokaci a cikin aikin jin dadin Najeriya da Commonwealth. A matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin ranar haihuwarsa ta 91 a ranar 18 ga Janairun 2024, Anyaoku ya bayyana Cibiyar Emeka da Bunmi Anyaoku a Obosi, garinsu. Cibiyar tana da ɗakin karatu da gidan kayan gargajiya da ya gina a garin a matsayin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi, aikin dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tarin da ke cikin gidan kayan gargajiya sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na al'adu daga ko'ina cikin Najeriya, sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth da Afirka yayin da ɗakin karatu yana da takardunsa na sirri daga kwanakinsa a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth of Nations da littattafai da sauran albarkatun ilimi. Emeka Anyaoku dan Anglican ne, mahaifinsa ya tuba zuwa wannan bangaskiya. Ya rubuta cewa shi ne {{Cquote|very comfortable being an Anglican, comfortable with the beliefs that Anglicanism represents.<ref>''Why I am Still an Anglican'', Continuum, 2006, p. 46.</ref>}} Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Royal Commonwealth Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society |url=https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226110043/https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |archive-date=26 December 2013 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=thercs.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{Succession box}} {{s-npo}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}}{{Commonwealth Secretary-General}}{{Foreign Ministers of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ehjo18uz6pt8d00759i4gxrcq1iilwx 841148 841146 2026-05-28T07:55:24Z AKA024 30597 841148 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Chief Emeka Anyaoku''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga Janairun 1933) jami’in diflomasiyyar Najeriya ne. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na uku na ƙungiyar Commonwealth. An haife shi ne a garin Obosi, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Merchants of Light da ke Oba.<ref name="Africa Who's Who" /> Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Jami’a ta Ibadan, wadda a lokacin take ƙarƙashin University of London, inda ya samu digiri na girmamawa a fannin Classics a matsayin ɗalibin da ya samu tallafin kwaleji. Baya ga aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin diflomasiyya, Chief Anyaoku na ci gaba da gudanar da alhakin sarautarsa ta gargajiya a matsayin <nowiki>'''Ichie Adazie na Obosi''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na tsarin '''Ndichie'''</nowiki> a garin Obosi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Person page |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004559/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |website=the presidency.co.za.}}</ref> == Tarihin iyali == An haifi <nowiki>'''Eleazar Chukwuemeka “Emeka” Anyaoku'''</nowiki> ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 1933 ga iyayensa Emmanuel da Cecilia Anyaoku a garin Obosi, wanda a lokacin yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙauyuka a yankin gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, <nowiki>'''Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Anyaoku'''</nowiki>, ya samu ilimi har matakin makarantar tsakiya bayan ya kammala firamare a makarantar CMS da ke Onitsha ƙarƙashin kulawar Reverend William Blackett, wani mishan na Kirista.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, p. 183, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref> <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 49, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref>Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a hukumar jiragen ƙasa, sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a wani asibiti da ke Kaduna a Arewacin Najeriya kafin ya zama malamin addinin Kirista (catechist). Bayan ya yi shekaru yana wannan hidima, ya koma garinsu domin gudanar da noma. Daga baya kuma ya zama <nowiki>'''Ononukpo'''</nowiki> (shugaba) na Okpuno Ire, wani yanki da ke cikin Ire, mafi girman ƙauyen Obosi. <nowiki>'''Cecilia Anyaoku''', wadda sunanta na haihuwa shi ne '''Adiba Ogbogu'''</nowiki>, Emmanuel ya aura a matsayin matarsa ta biyu bayan ya dawo daga Kaduna sakamakon rasuwar matarsa ta farko. Cecilia ta fito ne daga wani iyali da ke unguwar Ugamuma a garin Obosi. Ta taso ne a gidan Reverend Ekpunobi, wanda yake mai kula da ita kuma ɗan ƙasar Obosi na farko da aka naɗa a matsayin limamin Anglican. A wancan lokaci ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi wayewa da ilimi a cikin al’umma. Cecilia ta zauna tare da iyalin Ekpunobi a matsayin riƙaƙƙiya. Bayan Reverend Ekpunobi ya samu labarin mutuwar matar Emmanuel, sai ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa, daga baya kuma ya rinjayi Emmanuel da Adiba su yi aure. Ɗansu na farko mace ce, amma ba ta rayu ba. Bayan haka ne aka haifi Emeka, wanda yake da ’yan’uwa guda biyar. == Ilimi == Lokacin da Emeka Anyaoku yake da shekara bakwai, an aika shi ya zauna tare da ƙanin mahaifinsa guda ɗaya, Egwuenu Anyaoku, a Umuahia domin fara karatunsa a wata makaranta da ke yankin karkara sosai.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 1–2, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> A wancan lokaci, mafi girman ajin da makarantar ke da shi shi ne aji na huɗu (standard four). Tsarin mulkin mallaka na lokacin bai cika ƙarfafa ɗalibai su wuce matakin standard four ko standard six ba. Da yake da shekara goma a shekarar 1943, an tura Emeka ya zauna tare da ɗan’uwan mahaifinsa, Nathaniel Enwezor, wanda yake shugaban makarantar CMS Central School da ke Agbor, mai tazarar kusan kilomita 75 daga Obosi.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 2–3, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Domin samun ilimin sakandarensa, matashin Emeka Anyaoku ya halarci makarantar <nowiki>'''Merchants of Light School (MOLS)'''</nowiki> da ke Oba. Makarantar kwana ce wadda wani abokin mahaifinsa, Dr. Enoch Oli, ya kafa. Dr. Oli ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ilimi daga Najeriya wanda ya samu horo a biranen Landan da Oxford na ƙasar Birtaniya. A lokacin karatunsa, Mista Oli ya koyar da Emeka da sauran ɗalibai muhimmancin ƙwazo wajen aiki, kyawawan ɗabi’u da kuma kyakkyawar mu’amala tsakanin jama’a. A wannan muhimmin lokaci na tasowarsa, Emeka Anyaoku ya fara bayyana a matsayin matashi mai hazaka da ƙwazo na musamman. A garinsu na Obosi, musamman a lokutan hutun Ista da Kirsimeti lokacin da ɗalibai ke dawowa gida, ɗaya daga cikin abokan zamansa, Chief Godfrey Eneli, ya tuna cewa suna shirya muhawarori da sauran ayyukan ɗalibai ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''Obosi Students Association'''</nowiki>. A cewar Eneli, Anyaoku ya riga ya nuna alamun jagoranci tun yana matashi. Ya ce:<blockquote>“Tun a wancan lokaci na fahimci cewa zai zama shugaba, domin hakan yana bayyana a duk lokacin da muka dawo gida hutun makaranta.”</blockquote>Ya ƙara da cewa:<blockquote>“Mun kasance muna kiransa da suna ‘lawyer’ saboda yawan muhawararsa da kuma yadda yake amfani da hujja da tunani mai ma’ana wajen tunkarar kowace magana. Hikimarsa da yadda yake gabatar da hujjoji kan rinjayi tunaninmu a duk tattaunawar da muka yi.”</blockquote> Wani daga cikin tsaransa, S. I. Metu, abokin aji wanda daga baya ya zama babban ma'aikacin banki da ma'aikaci na gwamnati, ya yaba da kwarewarsa ta hulɗa. Ya ce game da Anyaoku, "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrunsa shine cewa shi mai haɗawa ne mai kyau, kusan ba shi da abokan gaba saboda abokantaka ta gaba ɗaya..... daga duk abin da muka sani yanzu game da Mista Anyaoku, a bayyane yake cewa an ƙaddara shi ya zama diflomasiyya, saboda yana da duk abubuwan da ya yi - basira, abokantaka, ikon samun abubuwa ba tare da ɓata wa kowa ba" Metuoku kuma tunatar da Anya a matsayin ɗalibi mai karatu sosai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Haske. Ya ce, "Anyaoku ba zai iya ajiye wani lokaci ba don wasa - koyaushe yana karatu ko aiki a kan wani abu. Ko kuma a wasu lokuta, lokacin da ya gaji kuma yana so ya huta, zai yi wasu ba'a masu tsanani kuma kowa zai yi dariya. " Anyaoku na daga cikin na biyu na yara maza 60. Lokacin da suka zauna don jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge, ya ɗauki batutuwa 10 kuma ya sami nasarar shiga makarantar farko, matakin mafi girma. Bayan karatunsa na sakandare, Anyaoku a 1952 ya ci gaba da koyarwa a Kwalejin Emmanuel, [[Owerri]] a yankin Gabas na lokacin, ya kasance a can har zuwa tsakiyar 1954 yana koyar da lissafi, Latin da Ingilishi. Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a MOLS ya kunna masa sha'awar Classics. Malamin Latin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da ƙauna ga harsuna, dokoki da al'adun Helenawa da Romawa na dā, da kuma tushen gargajiya na harshen Ingilishi. Anyaoku ya yanke shawarar zuwa ya yi nazarin Classics a sabon Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan, babbar cibiyar irin ta a kasar, wacce aka kafa a 1948 a matsayin kwalejin kasashen waje na Jami'ar London. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 lokacin da Anyaoku ke karatun digiri a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, ƙasar Najeriya ta shiga cikin muhawara, tattaunawa da zanga-zangar kan makomar siyasa ta ƙasar. Akwai rikice-rikice game da lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya da kuma irin tsarin siyasa da ya kamata ta nemi' yancin kai ko a matsayin jihar hadin kai ko tarayya. Birnin Ibadan yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin waɗannan muhawara. Kuma Kwalejin Jami'ar, wacce ta haɗu da ɗalibai masu basira, malamai da 'yan siyasa daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ta zama cibiyar abin da aka bayyana a matsayin tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙasa. Anyaoku ya kasance a cikin wannan a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai. Shi tare da masu kama da juna a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar sun yi kamfen don goyon bayan jihar hadin kai, a kan tarayyar tarayya.<ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Sun aika da korafe-korafe da wakilai ga manyan shugabannin siyasa guda uku a kasar a lokacin, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe]] a yankin Gabashin kasar, Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] a Yamma, da Sardauna na Sokoto, Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] a yankin Arewa. Anyaoku a 1959 ya sami digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar London a cikin gargajiya a matsayin masanin kwaleji kuma ya shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth (CDC) a Legas. Kamfanin ya tura shi a matsayin Babban Mai horar da shi zuwa hedikwatar CDC a London daga inda ya tafi darasi a Royal Institute for Public Administration a London. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960, Birtaniya ta ba Najeriya 'yancin kai. Kuma Anyaoku an mayar da shi ofishin yankin CDC na Yammacin Afirka a Legas a ƙarshen Disamba 1960. == Aure == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1961, Anyaoku sannan Babban Jami'in CDC ya sadu da wata yarinya mai shekaru 20 mai suna [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]], Gimbiya Ebunola Olubunmi Solanke, a wani biki na maraice wanda shi da abokin aikinsa suka shirya wa abokinsu a Legas. Yarima, wacce aka fi sani da karamin "Bunmi", ta sami ilimi a Ingila a makarantar kwana ta mata ta Kirista, St. Mary's School a Hastings . Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Pitman, London. Emeka da Bunmi sun yi aure a Cocin Anglican Cathedral a Legas a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1962. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1959, Emeka Anyaoku ta shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth . A farkon 1962, Anyaoku ya sadu da Firayim Minista na Najeriya na lokacin, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] . Ya bi shugabansa mai ziyara, Lord Howick, Shugaban Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth, zuwa ganawa da Firayim Minista kan ayyukan kamfanin a Najeriya da yankin Yammacin Afirka. Firayim Minista, ya burge shi da amsoshin Anyaoku ga wasu tambayoyinsa game da ayyukan da CDC ke tallafawa a Yammacin Afirka, ya nuna sha'awar makomar Anyaoku kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi la'akari da shiga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan wata hira mai wahala da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jama'a ta Tarayya ta yi, an ba shi alƙawari a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a watan Afrilun 1962.<ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wata daya da ya shiga, an nada shi Mataimakin Mutum ga Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. A can ya shiga cikin tsari wanda ya haifar da kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) a watan Mayu 1963. Bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Najeriya, kuma a 1963 an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York. A shekarar 1966, ya shiga Sakatariyar Commonwealth a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa. A cikin 1968-69 akwai kamfen da gwamnatin soja ta Najeriya ta yi don tunatar da Anyaoku; wanda ya ce shi ba dan takarar Najeriya ne mai dacewa ba, kuma suna damuwa game da amincinsa "ga ƙasar da aka haife shi". Amma "Emeka ta yi murabus daga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya kuma Arnold ba shi da matsala wajen karkatar da bukatar". A shekara ta 1977, Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1983, gwamnatin farar hula ta Najeriya ta nada Anyaoku ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnati daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya koma matsayinsa na Mataimakin Sakatare Janar tare da goyon bayan sabuwar gwamnati a Najeriya da amincewar dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth. A Taron Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth a [[Kuala Lumpur]] a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1989, an zabi Anyaoku a matsayin Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a 1993 CHOGM a Limassol don wa'adin shekaru biyar na biyu, wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1995. == Majalisar Dinkin Duniya == A watan Yulin 1963, yana da shekaru 30, an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York. An haifi ɗansa na farko, Adiba, a asibitin New York Lying-In a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1963, kwana biyu kafin a kashe Shugaba [[John F. Kennedy]] na Amurka. Bayan 'yan makonni da suka gabata, Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriyar, tare da Nnamdi Azikiwe a matsayin Shugaban farko. A matsayinsa na aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Anyaoku a matsayin wakilin Najeriya a kwamitin musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan wariyar launin fata ya tsara ƙuduri - wanda Najeriya ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dinkin duniya a 1965 - wanda ya kafa asusun amincewa don ba da damar gwamnatoci su ba da gudummawa ga kare fursunonin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin rikicin da gwamnatin Ian Smith ta haifar a [[Rhodesia]]" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Rhodesia">Kudancin Rhodesia a Kudanci na Afirka, wanda ya sanar da sanarwar Independence (UDI) ta Rhodesia daga Burtaniya. Anyaoku ya yi magana a dandamali daban-daban don yin Allah wadai da wannan ci gaba. Ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan lokuta ne labarin juyin mulkin soja na farko na Najeriya a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966 ya kai masa. Firayim Minista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Firayim Ministan Yankin Arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello, da wasu shugabannin jihar bayan samun 'yancin kai an kashe su a lokacin juyin mulkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmadu Bello: Assassinated leader of Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ahmadu-bello-assassinated-leader-of-northern-nigeria/1380183 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Wannan juyin mulkin ya faru ne kwana daya bayan Firayim Minista ya karbi bakuncin wasu shugabannin Commonwealth ciki har da sabon Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith, zuwa wani taro a Legas inda suka tattauna batun Rhodesia. == Shekaru na Commonwealth == A watan Yulin 1965 an aiwatar da shawarar da Shugabannin Gwamnatin Commonwealth suka yanke na kafa Sakatariyar Commonwealth tare da nadin wani fitaccen jami'in diflomasiyyar Kanada, Arnold Smith a matsayin Sakatare Janar na farko na Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2014-05-10 |title=Session 1 – The Office of the Secretary General |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2014/session-1-the-office-of-the-secretary-general/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakatare Janar yana cikin aiwatar da tara ƙungiya mai yawa, mai al'adu da yawa a cikin sabon Sakatariyar. A ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya a watan Nuwamba 1965, Smith ya sadu kuma ya gaya wa Firayim Minista, Sir Tafawa Balewa a gaban Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya na lokacin da kuma Sakatare na Dindindin, cewa yana neman wani matashi jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin waje na Najeriya wanda zai "taimaka masa ya yi wauta game da tatsuniyoyin wariyar launin fata". <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku "Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub"]. ''infohub.xyz.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=March 2024}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2024]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> Bayan Smith ya tafi, Firayim Ministan ya nemi Ma'aikatun Harkokin Wajen ta ba shi sunaye uku da za su gamsar da bukatar Sakatare Janar. Anyaoku na daga cikin sunaye uku da aka ba da shawarar kuma Firayim Minista ya zaba shi don turawa zuwa sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Lokacin da ya isa Sakatariyar a Landan a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1966, Anyaoku ya yi matukar sha'awar yadda Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ke kula da batun Rhodesia UDI. An sanya shi Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa wanda daga baya ya zama Sashen Harkokin Siyasa. Babban aikinsa na farko shi ne ya zama Sakataren Kwamitin Bincike wanda Sakatare Janar ya kafa tare da amincewar Shugabannin Gwamnati don sake duba duk cibiyoyin gwamnati na Commonwealth da ke akwai don tantance abin da ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth da aka kafa. <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub" /> A watan Yulin 1967, yakin basasar Najeriya ya barke. A wannan lokacin, shi da matarsa sun shirya abincin rana da yawa a gidansu na London ga wakilan Najeriya da [[Biyafara|Biafran]] a tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ya shirya. A tsakiyar tattaunawar, ya gaya wa Sakatare Janar cewa yana shirye ya tafi gida don yin magana da shugaban Biafra, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] game da shawarwarin zaman lafiya na Sakatare janar ga jam'iyyun biyu masu yaƙi. Shi da Ojukwu sun kasance abokai tun suna yara. Smith ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai amma ya bar Anyaoku ya tafi. Lokacin da yake tafiya, ɗansa na uku, Obi, wanda ke da kimanin watanni uku, yana da rashin lafiya sosai a asibiti. Likitoci sun damu da cewa bazai tsira daga cutar ba. Lokacin da ya gaya wa matarsa, Bunmi, cewa dole ne ya yi tafiya, sai ta yi mamakin rashin jin dadinsa ga yanayin ɗansu. Anyaoku ya gaya mata, "akwai wasu da yawa a cikin mummunar yanayi, suna mutuwa kowace rana, a Biafra". Anyaoku ya tafi a cikin jirgin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] zuwa Najeriya ta hanyar [[Amsterdam]] da [[Sao Tomé|Sao Tome]] . Kashegari bayan isowarsa a yankin Biafran, ya sami mummunar gogewar harin bam a lokacin da ya nutse tare da abokan hulɗarsa biyu a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Biafran a ƙarƙashin teburin. Daga bisani ya gamu da Ojukwu a cikin bunker dinsa a hedkwatarsa. Kuma lokacin da ya bar Biafra, bayan ya ga wasu daga cikin danginsa, ya sami hanyar fita a cikin jirgin da ke fitar da yara. Jirgin sama ne ba tare da kujeru ba, wanda ya tashi daga Uli zuwa [[Gabon]]. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Commonwealth da shawarwari daban-daban, kamar su raba gardama na Gibraltar na 1967, rikicin tsarin mulki na St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla na 1969 zuwa 1970, matsalolin da suka biyo bayan kauracewa wasannin Commonwealth a cikin shekarun 1980 da kuma tsarin da ya haifar da zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] kuma musamman, Afirka ta Kudu <ref name="commonwealth85" /> Ya kuma hau kan tsani a cikin Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Ya zama Darakta na Sashen Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a 1971 kuma a 1975 ya hau matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1977, Gwamnatocin Commonwealth sun zabe shi mataimakin sakatare-janar tare da alhakin harkokin kasa da kasa da kuma gwamnatin sakatariyar. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1983, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kuma ya koma Najeriya a gayyatar Shugaban kasa [[Shehu Shagari]] ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan kasashen waje na kasar. A kan hambarar da gwamnati ta hanyar sojoji a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983, ya koma tare da goyon bayan gwamnatocin Commonwealth zuwa matsayinsa na baya a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1989, a taron da suka yi a [[Kuala Lumpur|Kuala-lumpur]] Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a taron shugabannin gwamnati na Limassol na 1993 na karo na biyu na shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General: Buy Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General by unknown at Low Price in India |url=https://www.flipkart.com/commonwealth-deputy-secretaries-general/p/itmdy7yqzh4hrgac |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Flipkart.com |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga yin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dangantakar da ke cikin Commonwealth da inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ɗayan manyan ayyukan da ya yi a lokacin mulkinsa shine kafa dimokuradiya a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi kira ba tare da gajiyawa ba kuma ya yi magana game da gwagwarmayar kawar da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1990, a lokacin da aka saki tsohon shugaban kasar [[Nelson Mandela]] daga gidan yarin Pollsmoor, Anyaoku ta dauki bakuncin Madiba zuwa abincin dare na farko a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a London. Tsakanin 1 ga Nuwamba 1991 da 17 ga Nuwamba 1993, ya ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu sau 11, ta amfani da kwarewarsa ta diflomasiyya don taimakawa wajen karya rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin tattaunawar da ya kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1998, don nuna godiya ga gudummawar Anyaoku ga sauyawa a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma yadda ya goyi bayan dalilin ci gaba a Kudancin Afirka, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ya ba shi girmamawa mai ban sha'awa na yin magana da zaman hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu. Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya rubuta gabatarwar tarihin Anyaoku, Eye of Fire, wanda Phyllis Johnson ta rubuta, da kuma tarihin Anyaoku.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref><ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Anyaoku ta shiga cikin sauye-sauye da yawa don daidaita zaman lafiya tsakanin shugabannin Commonwealth da jam'iyyun adawa a kasashensu. Ya kuma fara amfani da Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido na Commonwealth don taimakawa zabe a kasashe daban-daban. Baya ga yin tasiri mai fa'ida a kan tsarin zabe, kasancewar masu sa ido na Commonwealth ya sauƙaƙa ga jam'iyyun da suka rasa su yarda da sakamakon, idan masu sa ido da Commonwealth suka yanke hukuncin zaben ya zama kyauta da adalci. A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a matsayin Sakatare Janar, ya aika da kungiyoyi masu lura da zabe 51 zuwa kasashe daban-daban na Commonwealth. Da farko tare da Shugaba [[Kenneth Kaunda|Kaunda]] a shekarar 1991, ya shiga tsakani don taimakawa Zambia da sauran kasashe da dama na Commonwealth don wucewa daga jihar daya ko mulkin soja zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya na jam'iyya da yawa. Misali, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya shawo kan Shugaba Arap Ni na Kenya don samun gwani na tsarin mulki ya zo ya taimaka wa kasar ta sake duba kundin tsarin mulkinta don daidaita shi da bukatun dimokuradiyya na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa kuma daga baya a farkon 1992, ya shawo kansa ga shugabannin jam'iyyu uku da suka ki amincewa da sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa don karɓar shi ta haka ya ceci kasar daga mummunar rikicin siyasa. Wadannan shiga tsakani ba a iyakance su a Afirka ba. Shiga da hannu a [[Bangladesh]] wani misali ne wanda ya bukaci lokaci da haƙuri mai yawa. Shugabannin siyasa biyu na kasar sune [[Khaleda Zia|Begum Zia]] da [[Sheikh Hasina]] . Begum Zia ta zama Firayim Minista bayan kisan mijinta wanda shine Firayim Ministan. Shugaban jam'iyyar adawa, Sheikh Hasina, 'yar Sheik Abdul Rahman ce, Firayim Minista na farko na Bangladesh mai zaman kanta wanda aka kashe shi tare da dukan iyalinsa ban da 'yar Hasina a juyin mulkin soja. Hasina ta yi sa'a ta fita daga kasar a wannan daren mai ban mamaki. Anyaoku ya shawo kan shugabannin biyu su yarda da shawararsa na aika da kwararren wakilin ya zo Bangladesh don gudanar da tattaunawa da Firayim Minista, Begum Zia da shugaban adawa Sheik Hasina tare da neman tsari don daidaitawa tsakanin jam'iyyun su biyu. Anyaoku saboda haka ya aika a matsayin wakilin sa na musamman, Sir Ninian Steven, tsohon Gwamna Janar na Australiya, wanda ya kwashe makonni a Dhaka yana ba da zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da jam'iyyun adawa. Ya kuma shiga tsakani a Pakistan a lokacin da ake iya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin Shugaban kasar na lokacin, Mista Farooq Leghari da Firayim Minista, Nawaz Sharif . Mafi ƙalubale daga cikin abubuwan da ya shiga tsakani shine rikicin da ya faru a ƙasarsa Najeriya wanda ya biyo bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na 12 12 Yuni 1993 da gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta lokacin ta yi. Cif [[Moshood Abiola]] ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Transition or Travesty: Nigeria's Endless Process of Return to Civilian Rule |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8314.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> A ranar da aka soke shi, Anyaoku ya fitar da wata sanarwa mai ƙarfi, yana mai cewa sokewar "babban koma baya ne ga manufar dimokuradiyya, musamman a lokacin da dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth suka yi alkawarin inganta mulkin dimokuradiya a kasashensu"; ya kira shi "abin takaici" ga duk waɗanda ke sa ran ɗaukar ofishin gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyar a Najeriya. Anyaoku yana da matsala mai tsanani lokacin da Babangida "ya bar" kuma Janar [[Sani Abacha]] bayan 'yan watanni na yarjejeniyar da ake kira Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta karɓi gwamnatin ƙasar a juyin mulkin soja a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1993. Abacha ya kafa karin matakan da suka fi tsanani. Ya kama kuma ya daure wanda ake zaton ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993, Abiola . Kuma kasar ta shiga cikin babban rikici tare da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar jama'a da ke faruwa a ko'ina. Abacha ya kara tsananta rikicin ta hanyar kamawa, tsarewa da kuma gabatar da [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] da sauran masu gwagwarmayar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] a kan zargin shiga cikin kisan shugabannin Ogoni guda hudu wadanda suka yi adawa da hanyar kamfen din su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nigeria: Shell complicit in the arbitrary executions of Ogoni Nine as writ served in Dutch court |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/shell-complicit-arbitrary-executions-ogoni-nine-writ-dutch-court/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Maris na shekara ta 1995, gwamnatin Abacha ta yi zargin cewa an yi yunkurin juyin mulki a kanta. Masu kallo da yawa sun yi watsi da wannan a matsayin juyin mulki. Gwamnatin, duk da haka, ta fara kamawa da tsare da yawa daga cikin jami'ai da tsoffin jami'ai, ciki har da tsohon shugaban kasa, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Janar Olusegun Obasanjo]], da mataimakinsa na baya, Janar [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua|Shehu Musa Yar"Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: A Travesty of Justice: Secret treason trials and other concerns |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a98fc.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Kotun soja ce ta yi wa wadanda ake zargi da juyin mulki shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukunci daban-daban, tare da ba Obasanjo gidan yari na rai, yayin da aka yanke wa Yar'Adua hukuncin kisa. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da kamfen don warware rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar aika sakonni ga Abacha da yin sanarwa a fili, ba tare da amfani ba. Batun ya zo ne lokacin da aka yanke wa Ken Saro-Wiwa da takwas daga cikin 'yan uwansa da ake tuhuma hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ken Saro-Wiwa |url=https://www.shell.com.ng/sustainability/environment/ogon-issue/ken-saro-wiwa.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.shell.com.ng |language=en}}</ref> Anyaoku ya yi kira ga Abacha da neman gafara ga masu fafutuka da aka hukunta. Wannan roko ya fadi a kunnuwan Abacha kuma daga ƙarshe ya kashe Ken Saro-Wiwa da abokan aikinsa a gaban taron shugabannin Commonwealth a [[Auckland|Auckland, New Zealand]], a watan Nuwamba 1995. A mayar da martani, shugabannin Commonwealth sun yanke shawarar dakatar da Najeriya daga membobinta na kungiyar. A halin yanzu, Anyaoku ya nemi shiga Abacha cikin tattaunawar da aka yi da nufin warware rikicin siyasa a Najeriya. Anyaoku ya sadu da yarjejeniyar Abacha a watan Yulin 1995 tare da Abiola a tsare don tattauna shawararsa don tattaunawa tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu tare da manufar amincewa da shirye-shiryen karɓar sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke. Yayinda Abiola a bangarensa ya yarda da shawarar, Abacha ya ƙi shi yana gaya wa Anyaoku cewa zai fi so ya nemi mafita game da rikicin ta hanyar taron kundin tsarin mulki da zai taru da shi. Bayan mutuwar Abacha kwatsam a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1998, sabon mulkin soja a karkashin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya zo don sauƙaƙe dawowar kasar cikin sauri zuwa ga rarraba dimokuradiyya. Anyaoku tare da tawagarsa ta Commonwealth sun ba da cikakken goyon baya ga wannan tsari, gami da musamman zaben kasa wanda ya samar da gwamnatin farar hula ta Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. A cikin bin fifiko da ya bayyana tun daga farkon mulkinsa don sanya Commonwealth ta zama mai karfi don inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, Anyaoku a farkon 1997, ya shirya taron farko na shugabannin gwamnatin Commonwealth na Afirka don tattauna dimokuradiya da kyakkyawan shugabanni a nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy: Partnership for Peace and Prosperity {{!}} The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126171843/https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |archive-date=26 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa na Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a ranar 31 ga Maris 2000. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, Jami'ar London ta kafa kujerar kwararru a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth mai suna Emeka Anyaoku Farfesa na Nazarin Commonwealth. An kuma gayyace shi ya zama Babban Mai Ziyarci a Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanar da Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (2000-2002). An ba shi kyautar Freedom of the City of London a shekarar 1998 kuma ya karbi kayan ado daga Najeriya CFR da CON, da kuma mafi girman girmamawar farar hula na Kamaru, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia da Trinidad & Tobago's Trinity Cross (TC) da kuma girmamawa Knight Grand Cross na Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) daga Mai Girma, Sarauniya a shekara ta 2000. Ya kasance daya daga cikin hamsin, kuma daya daga cikin mutane ɗari waɗanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba su lambobin zinare na musamman don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga ci gaban ƙasar a cikin bukukuwan Jubilee na 'yancin kai na Najeriya a cikin 2010 da Centenary a cikin 2014 . Emeka Anyaoku marubuciya ce da aka buga <ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-237-52734-0|<bdi>0-237-52734-0</bdi>]].</ref> kuma yanzu tana da digiri na digiri na digiri 33 daga manyan jami'o'i a Burtaniya, Kanada, Ghana, Jamhuriyar Ireland, Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Switzerland da Zimbabwe. Anyaoku ya yi aiki a karkashin shugabanni uku da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2015. Shi tare da [[Kofi Annan]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun dukkan 'yan takarar shugaban kasa da jam'iyyun siyasa su sadaukar da kansu ga tsarin zabe ba tare da tashin hankali ba ta hanyar sanya hannu a watan Janairun Yarjejeniyar Abuja wacce ta tabbatar da zaben zaman lafiya da sauyawa zuwa sabon tsarin dimokuradiyya a Najeriya na Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] a watan Mayu 2015. Matsayin da Cif Emeka Anyaoku ya yi aiki / har yanzu yana aiki sun haɗa da: * 1975: Shugaba, Ofishin Jakadancin Commonwealth zuwa Mozambique <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 72, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> * 1979-90: memba na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje a London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190430/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1984-90: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Asusun Ajiye Yara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odu |first=Oji |title=Anyaoku: 'Eye of Fire' |url=http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093032/http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.thesourceng.com}}</ref> * 1992-: Mai Girma memba na Kungiyar Roma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724200747/https://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1994-96: memba, Hukumar Duniya kan dazuzzuka[https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100019223 Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Duniya] * 2000-06: Shugaban kasa, Royal Commonwealth Society * 2000-ya zuwa yanzu: Shugaban, Royal African Society <ref>[http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/427/local/back-matter.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2021}}</ref> * 2001-ya zuwa yanzu: memba, Ƙungiyar Mashahuran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taimakawa ci gaba da manufofin Taron Duniya na Yaki da wariyar launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2001 |title=Leading international figures meet in Geneva in support of world conference on racism {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/rd916.doc.htm |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> * 2002-09: Shugaba, Asusun Duniya na Yanayi, WWF <ref>{{Cite web |title=A new president for WWF |url=http://www.wwf.org.uk/wwf_articles.cfm?unewsid=632 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.wwf.org.uk}}</ref> * 2004-05: Shugaban, Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan goyon bayan kasa da kasa ga Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD) * 2002-10: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kudancin a Geneva * 2005-13: Mai kula da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Minutes of the meeting held on 24 November 2011 at the British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803114330/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-03 |access-date=7 May 2024 |publisher=The British Museum Board of Trustees}}</ref> * 2000-15: Shugaban, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Najeriya.<ref name="vanguardngr.com" /> * 2013-yanzu: Shugaba, Metropolitan Club, Legas. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An kafa shi a cikin 1980 a matsayin '''[[Ichi (scarification)|Ichie]] Adazie''' na Obosi, Anyaoku ya ci gaba da cika ayyukan ofishin shugabancin Ndichie na gargajiya a Obosi. Ichie Anyaoku ta auri Gimbiya Bunmi Anyaoku tun 1962. Gimbiya Anyaoku 'yar [[Oba|Omoba]] ce ta [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya . <ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFrcraggs2013">rcraggs (27 September 2013). [https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ "Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"]. ''Commonwealth Oral History Project''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Game da aurensu, an rubuta shi a cikin Nigerian Sunday Times, sannan jaridar da ta fi yaduwa a kasar, cewa {{Cquote|it was a wedding of one of Nigeria's most eligible bachelors and a beautiful young Princess educated in an English boarding school and Pitman College, London.}} Suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Adiba; 'yarsu - [[lauya]] da ke aiki a kwamitin Old Mutual plc - da' ya'ya maza uku; Oluyemisi, Obiechina, da Emenike. Emeka tana da jikoki biyu, waɗanda aka haifa wa Adiba da mijinta; Irenne Ighodaro da Osita Ighodaro . A cikin 1990, shugabannin dukkan al'ummomi 19 na Idemili Clan a gidansa na Jihar Anambra sun ba Anyaoku girmamawa ta musamman ta hanyar saka masa hannun jari tare da taken '''Ugwumba Idemili''' . Matarsa, Bunmi, ita ma shugaba ce - Ugoma Obosi da Idemili - a cikin haƙƙinta, tare da dogon lokaci a cikin aikin jin dadin Najeriya da Commonwealth. A matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin ranar haihuwarsa ta 91 a ranar 18 ga Janairun 2024, Anyaoku ya bayyana Cibiyar Emeka da Bunmi Anyaoku a Obosi, garinsu. Cibiyar tana da ɗakin karatu da gidan kayan gargajiya da ya gina a garin a matsayin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi, aikin dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tarin da ke cikin gidan kayan gargajiya sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na al'adu daga ko'ina cikin Najeriya, sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth da Afirka yayin da ɗakin karatu yana da takardunsa na sirri daga kwanakinsa a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth of Nations da littattafai da sauran albarkatun ilimi. Emeka Anyaoku dan Anglican ne, mahaifinsa ya tuba zuwa wannan bangaskiya. Ya rubuta cewa shi ne {{Cquote|very comfortable being an Anglican, comfortable with the beliefs that Anglicanism represents.<ref>''Why I am Still an Anglican'', Continuum, 2006, p. 46.</ref>}} Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Royal Commonwealth Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society |url=https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226110043/https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |archive-date=26 December 2013 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=thercs.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{Succession box}} {{s-npo}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8xtdgsxmupy93kf0d2olbu5fezml98d 841151 841148 2026-05-28T07:56:09Z AKA024 30597 841151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chief Emeka Anyaoku''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga Janairun 1933) jami’in diflomasiyyar Najeriya ne. Ya kasance Sakatare Janar na uku na ƙungiyar Commonwealth. An haife shi ne a garin Obosi, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Merchants of Light da ke Oba.<ref name="Africa Who's Who" /> Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Jami’a ta Ibadan, wadda a lokacin take ƙarƙashin University of London, inda ya samu digiri na girmamawa a fannin Classics a matsayin ɗalibin da ya samu tallafin kwaleji. Baya ga aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin diflomasiyya, Chief Anyaoku na ci gaba da gudanar da alhakin sarautarsa ta gargajiya a matsayin <nowiki>'''Ichie Adazie na Obosi''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan gargajiya na tsarin '''Ndichie'''</nowiki> a garin Obosi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Person page |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004559/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/chief-emeka-anyaoku-1933 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |website=the presidency.co.za.}}</ref> == Tarihin iyali == An haifi <nowiki>'''Eleazar Chukwuemeka “Emeka” Anyaoku'''</nowiki> ranar 18 ga Janairun shekarar 1933 ga iyayensa Emmanuel da Cecilia Anyaoku a garin Obosi, wanda a lokacin yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙauyuka a yankin gabashin Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, <nowiki>'''Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Anyaoku'''</nowiki>, ya samu ilimi har matakin makarantar tsakiya bayan ya kammala firamare a makarantar CMS da ke Onitsha ƙarƙashin kulawar Reverend William Blackett, wani mishan na Kirista.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, p. 183, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref> <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 49, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref>Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a hukumar jiragen ƙasa, sannan daga baya ya yi aiki a wani asibiti da ke Kaduna a Arewacin Najeriya kafin ya zama malamin addinin Kirista (catechist). Bayan ya yi shekaru yana wannan hidima, ya koma garinsu domin gudanar da noma. Daga baya kuma ya zama <nowiki>'''Ononukpo'''</nowiki> (shugaba) na Okpuno Ire, wani yanki da ke cikin Ire, mafi girman ƙauyen Obosi. <nowiki>'''Cecilia Anyaoku''', wadda sunanta na haihuwa shi ne '''Adiba Ogbogu'''</nowiki>, Emmanuel ya aura a matsayin matarsa ta biyu bayan ya dawo daga Kaduna sakamakon rasuwar matarsa ta farko. Cecilia ta fito ne daga wani iyali da ke unguwar Ugamuma a garin Obosi. Ta taso ne a gidan Reverend Ekpunobi, wanda yake mai kula da ita kuma ɗan ƙasar Obosi na farko da aka naɗa a matsayin limamin Anglican. A wancan lokaci ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi wayewa da ilimi a cikin al’umma. Cecilia ta zauna tare da iyalin Ekpunobi a matsayin riƙaƙƙiya. Bayan Reverend Ekpunobi ya samu labarin mutuwar matar Emmanuel, sai ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa, daga baya kuma ya rinjayi Emmanuel da Adiba su yi aure. Ɗansu na farko mace ce, amma ba ta rayu ba. Bayan haka ne aka haifi Emeka, wanda yake da ’yan’uwa guda biyar. == Ilimi == Lokacin da Emeka Anyaoku yake da shekara bakwai, an aika shi ya zauna tare da ƙanin mahaifinsa guda ɗaya, Egwuenu Anyaoku, a Umuahia domin fara karatunsa a wata makaranta da ke yankin karkara sosai.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 1–2, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> A wancan lokaci, mafi girman ajin da makarantar ke da shi shi ne aji na huɗu (standard four). Tsarin mulkin mallaka na lokacin bai cika ƙarfafa ɗalibai su wuce matakin standard four ko standard six ba. Da yake da shekara goma a shekarar 1943, an tura Emeka ya zauna tare da ɗan’uwan mahaifinsa, Nathaniel Enwezor, wanda yake shugaban makarantar CMS Central School da ke Agbor, mai tazarar kusan kilomita 75 daga Obosi.<ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, pp. 2–3, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Domin samun ilimin sakandarensa, matashin Emeka Anyaoku ya halarci makarantar <nowiki>'''Merchants of Light School (MOLS)'''</nowiki> da ke Oba. Makarantar kwana ce wadda wani abokin mahaifinsa, Dr. Enoch Oli, ya kafa. Dr. Oli ƙwararren masani ne a fannin ilimi daga Najeriya wanda ya samu horo a biranen Landan da Oxford na ƙasar Birtaniya. A lokacin karatunsa, Mista Oli ya koyar da Emeka da sauran ɗalibai muhimmancin ƙwazo wajen aiki, kyawawan ɗabi’u da kuma kyakkyawar mu’amala tsakanin jama’a. A wannan muhimmin lokaci na tasowarsa, Emeka Anyaoku ya fara bayyana a matsayin matashi mai hazaka da ƙwazo na musamman. A garinsu na Obosi, musamman a lokutan hutun Ista da Kirsimeti lokacin da ɗalibai ke dawowa gida, ɗaya daga cikin abokan zamansa, Chief Godfrey Eneli, ya tuna cewa suna shirya muhawarori da sauran ayyukan ɗalibai ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''Obosi Students Association'''</nowiki>. A cewar Eneli, Anyaoku ya riga ya nuna alamun jagoranci tun yana matashi. Ya ce:<blockquote>“Tun a wancan lokaci na fahimci cewa zai zama shugaba, domin hakan yana bayyana a duk lokacin da muka dawo gida hutun makaranta.”</blockquote>Ya ƙara da cewa:<blockquote>“Mun kasance muna kiransa da suna ‘lawyer’ saboda yawan muhawararsa da kuma yadda yake amfani da hujja da tunani mai ma’ana wajen tunkarar kowace magana. Hikimarsa da yadda yake gabatar da hujjoji kan rinjayi tunaninmu a duk tattaunawar da muka yi.”</blockquote> Wani daga cikin tsaransa, S. I. Metu, abokin aji wanda daga baya ya zama babban ma'aikacin banki da ma'aikaci na gwamnati, ya yaba da kwarewarsa ta hulɗa. Ya ce game da Anyaoku, "ɗaya daga cikin shahararrunsa shine cewa shi mai haɗawa ne mai kyau, kusan ba shi da abokan gaba saboda abokantaka ta gaba ɗaya..... daga duk abin da muka sani yanzu game da Mista Anyaoku, a bayyane yake cewa an ƙaddara shi ya zama diflomasiyya, saboda yana da duk abubuwan da ya yi - basira, abokantaka, ikon samun abubuwa ba tare da ɓata wa kowa ba" Metuoku kuma tunatar da Anya a matsayin ɗalibi mai karatu sosai a Makarantar Kasuwancin Haske. Ya ce, "Anyaoku ba zai iya ajiye wani lokaci ba don wasa - koyaushe yana karatu ko aiki a kan wani abu. Ko kuma a wasu lokuta, lokacin da ya gaji kuma yana so ya huta, zai yi wasu ba'a masu tsanani kuma kowa zai yi dariya. " Anyaoku na daga cikin na biyu na yara maza 60. Lokacin da suka zauna don jarrabawar Takardar shaidar Makarantar Cambridge, ya ɗauki batutuwa 10 kuma ya sami nasarar shiga makarantar farko, matakin mafi girma. Bayan karatunsa na sakandare, Anyaoku a 1952 ya ci gaba da koyarwa a Kwalejin Emmanuel, [[Owerri]] a yankin Gabas na lokacin, ya kasance a can har zuwa tsakiyar 1954 yana koyar da lissafi, Latin da Ingilishi. Ɗaya daga cikin malamansa a MOLS ya kunna masa sha'awar Classics. Malamin Latin ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da ƙauna ga harsuna, dokoki da al'adun Helenawa da Romawa na dā, da kuma tushen gargajiya na harshen Ingilishi. Anyaoku ya yanke shawarar zuwa ya yi nazarin Classics a sabon Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan, babbar cibiyar irin ta a kasar, wacce aka kafa a 1948 a matsayin kwalejin kasashen waje na Jami'ar London. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950 lokacin da Anyaoku ke karatun digiri a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, ƙasar Najeriya ta shiga cikin muhawara, tattaunawa da zanga-zangar kan makomar siyasa ta ƙasar. Akwai rikice-rikice game da lokacin da Najeriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya da kuma irin tsarin siyasa da ya kamata ta nemi' yancin kai ko a matsayin jihar hadin kai ko tarayya. Birnin Ibadan yana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin waɗannan muhawara. Kuma Kwalejin Jami'ar, wacce ta haɗu da ɗalibai masu basira, malamai da 'yan siyasa daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ta zama cibiyar abin da aka bayyana a matsayin tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙasa. Anyaoku ya kasance a cikin wannan a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗalibai. Shi tare da masu kama da juna a cikin jagorancin ƙungiyar sun yi kamfen don goyon bayan jihar hadin kai, a kan tarayyar tarayya.<ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Sun aika da korafe-korafe da wakilai ga manyan shugabannin siyasa guda uku a kasar a lokacin, [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe]] a yankin Gabashin kasar, Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] a Yamma, da Sardauna na Sokoto, Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] a yankin Arewa. Anyaoku a 1959 ya sami digiri na girmamawa na Jami'ar London a cikin gargajiya a matsayin masanin kwaleji kuma ya shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth (CDC) a Legas. Kamfanin ya tura shi a matsayin Babban Mai horar da shi zuwa hedikwatar CDC a London daga inda ya tafi darasi a Royal Institute for Public Administration a London. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960, Birtaniya ta ba Najeriya 'yancin kai. Kuma Anyaoku an mayar da shi ofishin yankin CDC na Yammacin Afirka a Legas a ƙarshen Disamba 1960. == Aure == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1961, Anyaoku sannan Babban Jami'in CDC ya sadu da wata yarinya mai shekaru 20 mai suna [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]], Gimbiya Ebunola Olubunmi Solanke, a wani biki na maraice wanda shi da abokin aikinsa suka shirya wa abokinsu a Legas. Yarima, wacce aka fi sani da karamin "Bunmi", ta sami ilimi a Ingila a makarantar kwana ta mata ta Kirista, St. Mary's School a Hastings . Daga baya ta halarci Kwalejin Pitman, London. Emeka da Bunmi sun yi aure a Cocin Anglican Cathedral a Legas a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1962. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1959, Emeka Anyaoku ta shiga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth . A farkon 1962, Anyaoku ya sadu da Firayim Minista na Najeriya na lokacin, [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] . Ya bi shugabansa mai ziyara, Lord Howick, Shugaban Kamfanin Ci Gaban Commonwealth, zuwa ganawa da Firayim Minista kan ayyukan kamfanin a Najeriya da yankin Yammacin Afirka. Firayim Minista, ya burge shi da amsoshin Anyaoku ga wasu tambayoyinsa game da ayyukan da CDC ke tallafawa a Yammacin Afirka, ya nuna sha'awar makomar Anyaoku kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi la'akari da shiga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan wata hira mai wahala da Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jama'a ta Tarayya ta yi, an ba shi alƙawari a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a watan Afrilun 1962.<ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wata daya da ya shiga, an nada shi Mataimakin Mutum ga Babban Sakataren Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. A can ya shiga cikin tsari wanda ya haifar da kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) a watan Mayu 1963. Bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Najeriya, kuma a 1963 an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York. A shekarar 1966, ya shiga Sakatariyar Commonwealth a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa. A cikin 1968-69 akwai kamfen da gwamnatin soja ta Najeriya ta yi don tunatar da Anyaoku; wanda ya ce shi ba dan takarar Najeriya ne mai dacewa ba, kuma suna damuwa game da amincinsa "ga ƙasar da aka haife shi". Amma "Emeka ta yi murabus daga Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Najeriya kuma Arnold ba shi da matsala wajen karkatar da bukatar". A shekara ta 1977, Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1983, gwamnatin farar hula ta Najeriya ta nada Anyaoku ya zama Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya. Bayan da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnati daga baya a wannan shekarar, ya koma matsayinsa na Mataimakin Sakatare Janar tare da goyon bayan sabuwar gwamnati a Najeriya da amincewar dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth. A Taron Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth a [[Kuala Lumpur]] a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1989, an zabi Anyaoku a matsayin Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a 1993 CHOGM a Limassol don wa'adin shekaru biyar na biyu, wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1995. == Majalisar Dinkin Duniya == A watan Yulin 1963, yana da shekaru 30, an tura shi zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York. An haifi ɗansa na farko, Adiba, a asibitin New York Lying-In a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1963, kwana biyu kafin a kashe Shugaba [[John F. Kennedy]] na Amurka. Bayan 'yan makonni da suka gabata, Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriyar, tare da Nnamdi Azikiwe a matsayin Shugaban farko. A matsayinsa na aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Anyaoku a matsayin wakilin Najeriya a kwamitin musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan wariyar launin fata ya tsara ƙuduri - wanda Najeriya ta gabatar wa Majalisar Dinkin duniya a 1965 - wanda ya kafa asusun amincewa don ba da damar gwamnatoci su ba da gudummawa ga kare fursunonin siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya shiga cikin rikicin da gwamnatin Ian Smith ta haifar a [[Rhodesia]]" id="mw8w" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Southern Rhodesia">Kudancin Rhodesia a Kudanci na Afirka, wanda ya sanar da sanarwar Independence (UDI) ta Rhodesia daga Burtaniya. Anyaoku ya yi magana a dandamali daban-daban don yin Allah wadai da wannan ci gaba. Ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin wadannan lokuta ne labarin juyin mulkin soja na farko na Najeriya a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966 ya kai masa. Firayim Minista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Firayim Ministan Yankin Arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello, da wasu shugabannin jihar bayan samun 'yancin kai an kashe su a lokacin juyin mulkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmadu Bello: Assassinated leader of Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ahmadu-bello-assassinated-leader-of-northern-nigeria/1380183 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Wannan juyin mulkin ya faru ne kwana daya bayan Firayim Minista ya karbi bakuncin wasu shugabannin Commonwealth ciki har da sabon Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith, zuwa wani taro a Legas inda suka tattauna batun Rhodesia. == Shekaru na Commonwealth == A watan Yulin 1965 an aiwatar da shawarar da Shugabannin Gwamnatin Commonwealth suka yanke na kafa Sakatariyar Commonwealth tare da nadin wani fitaccen jami'in diflomasiyyar Kanada, Arnold Smith a matsayin Sakatare Janar na farko na Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2014-05-10 |title=Session 1 – The Office of the Secretary General |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2014/session-1-the-office-of-the-secretary-general/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakatare Janar yana cikin aiwatar da tara ƙungiya mai yawa, mai al'adu da yawa a cikin sabon Sakatariyar. A ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya a watan Nuwamba 1965, Smith ya sadu kuma ya gaya wa Firayim Minista, Sir Tafawa Balewa a gaban Ministan Harkokin Waje na Najeriya na lokacin da kuma Sakatare na Dindindin, cewa yana neman wani matashi jami'in ma'aikatar harkokin waje na Najeriya wanda zai "taimaka masa ya yi wauta game da tatsuniyoyin wariyar launin fata". <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub">{{Cite web |title=Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub |url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=infohub.xyz.ng}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://infohub.xyz.ng/emeka-anyaoku "Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub"]. ''infohub.xyz.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite>{{Dead link|date=March 2024}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2024]] [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> Bayan Smith ya tafi, Firayim Ministan ya nemi Ma'aikatun Harkokin Wajen ta ba shi sunaye uku da za su gamsar da bukatar Sakatare Janar. Anyaoku na daga cikin sunaye uku da aka ba da shawarar kuma Firayim Minista ya zaba shi don turawa zuwa sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Lokacin da ya isa Sakatariyar a Landan a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1966, Anyaoku ya yi matukar sha'awar yadda Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ke kula da batun Rhodesia UDI. An sanya shi Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Kasa da Kasa wanda daga baya ya zama Sashen Harkokin Siyasa. Babban aikinsa na farko shi ne ya zama Sakataren Kwamitin Bincike wanda Sakatare Janar ya kafa tare da amincewar Shugabannin Gwamnati don sake duba duk cibiyoyin gwamnati na Commonwealth da ke akwai don tantance abin da ya kamata a haɗa shi cikin sabon Sakatariyar Commonwealth da aka kafa. <ref name="Emeka Anyaoku - InfoHub" /> A watan Yulin 1967, yakin basasar Najeriya ya barke. A wannan lokacin, shi da matarsa sun shirya abincin rana da yawa a gidansu na London ga wakilan Najeriya da [[Biyafara|Biafran]] a tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Sakatare Janar, Arnold Smith ya shirya. A tsakiyar tattaunawar, ya gaya wa Sakatare Janar cewa yana shirye ya tafi gida don yin magana da shugaban Biafra, [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Emeka Ojukwu]] game da shawarwarin zaman lafiya na Sakatare janar ga jam'iyyun biyu masu yaƙi. Shi da Ojukwu sun kasance abokai tun suna yara. Smith ya yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai amma ya bar Anyaoku ya tafi. Lokacin da yake tafiya, ɗansa na uku, Obi, wanda ke da kimanin watanni uku, yana da rashin lafiya sosai a asibiti. Likitoci sun damu da cewa bazai tsira daga cutar ba. Lokacin da ya gaya wa matarsa, Bunmi, cewa dole ne ya yi tafiya, sai ta yi mamakin rashin jin dadinsa ga yanayin ɗansu. Anyaoku ya gaya mata, "akwai wasu da yawa a cikin mummunar yanayi, suna mutuwa kowace rana, a Biafra". Anyaoku ya tafi a cikin jirgin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] zuwa Najeriya ta hanyar [[Amsterdam]] da [[Sao Tomé|Sao Tome]] . Kashegari bayan isowarsa a yankin Biafran, ya sami mummunar gogewar harin bam a lokacin da ya nutse tare da abokan hulɗarsa biyu a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Biafran a ƙarƙashin teburin. Daga bisani ya gamu da Ojukwu a cikin bunker dinsa a hedkwatarsa. Kuma lokacin da ya bar Biafra, bayan ya ga wasu daga cikin danginsa, ya sami hanyar fita a cikin jirgin da ke fitar da yara. Jirgin sama ne ba tare da kujeru ba, wanda ya tashi daga Uli zuwa [[Gabon]]. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen Commonwealth da shawarwari daban-daban, kamar su raba gardama na Gibraltar na 1967, rikicin tsarin mulki na St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla na 1969 zuwa 1970, matsalolin da suka biyo bayan kauracewa wasannin Commonwealth a cikin shekarun 1980 da kuma tsarin da ya haifar da zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] kuma musamman, Afirka ta Kudu <ref name="commonwealth85" /> Ya kuma hau kan tsani a cikin Sakatariyar Commonwealth. Ya zama Darakta na Sashen Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a 1971 kuma a 1975 ya hau matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1977, Gwamnatocin Commonwealth sun zabe shi mataimakin sakatare-janar tare da alhakin harkokin kasa da kasa da kuma gwamnatin sakatariyar. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1983, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kuma ya koma Najeriya a gayyatar Shugaban kasa [[Shehu Shagari]] ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan kasashen waje na kasar. A kan hambarar da gwamnati ta hanyar sojoji a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983, ya koma tare da goyon bayan gwamnatocin Commonwealth zuwa matsayinsa na baya a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar. A shekara ta 1989, a taron da suka yi a [[Kuala Lumpur|Kuala-lumpur]] Shugabannin Gwamnati na Commonwealth sun zabe shi Sakatare Janar na uku na Commonwealth. An sake zabarsa a taron shugabannin gwamnati na Limassol na 1993 na karo na biyu na shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General: Buy Commonwealth Deputy Secretaries-General by unknown at Low Price in India |url=https://www.flipkart.com/commonwealth-deputy-secretaries-general/p/itmdy7yqzh4hrgac |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Flipkart.com |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga yin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dangantakar da ke cikin Commonwealth da inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, ɗayan manyan ayyukan da ya yi a lokacin mulkinsa shine kafa dimokuradiya a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya yi kira ba tare da gajiyawa ba kuma ya yi magana game da gwagwarmayar kawar da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1990, a lokacin da aka saki tsohon shugaban kasar [[Nelson Mandela]] daga gidan yarin Pollsmoor, Anyaoku ta dauki bakuncin Madiba zuwa abincin dare na farko a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a London. Tsakanin 1 ga Nuwamba 1991 da 17 ga Nuwamba 1993, ya ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu sau 11, ta amfani da kwarewarsa ta diflomasiyya don taimakawa wajen karya rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin tattaunawar da ya kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1998, don nuna godiya ga gudummawar Anyaoku ga sauyawa a Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma yadda ya goyi bayan dalilin ci gaba a Kudancin Afirka, Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ya ba shi girmamawa mai ban sha'awa na yin magana da zaman hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu. Shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] ya rubuta gabatarwar tarihin Anyaoku, Eye of Fire, wanda Phyllis Johnson ta rubuta, da kuma tarihin Anyaoku.<ref>''Eye of Fire'', Ibadan: Spectrum Books, 2000, {{ISBN|978-978-029-228-7}}.</ref><ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> Anyaoku ta shiga cikin sauye-sauye da yawa don daidaita zaman lafiya tsakanin shugabannin Commonwealth da jam'iyyun adawa a kasashensu. Ya kuma fara amfani da Ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido na Commonwealth don taimakawa zabe a kasashe daban-daban. Baya ga yin tasiri mai fa'ida a kan tsarin zabe, kasancewar masu sa ido na Commonwealth ya sauƙaƙa ga jam'iyyun da suka rasa su yarda da sakamakon, idan masu sa ido da Commonwealth suka yanke hukuncin zaben ya zama kyauta da adalci. A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a matsayin Sakatare Janar, ya aika da kungiyoyi masu lura da zabe 51 zuwa kasashe daban-daban na Commonwealth. Da farko tare da Shugaba [[Kenneth Kaunda|Kaunda]] a shekarar 1991, ya shiga tsakani don taimakawa Zambia da sauran kasashe da dama na Commonwealth don wucewa daga jihar daya ko mulkin soja zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya na jam'iyya da yawa. Misali, a cikin wannan shekarar, ya shawo kan Shugaba Arap Ni na Kenya don samun gwani na tsarin mulki ya zo ya taimaka wa kasar ta sake duba kundin tsarin mulkinta don daidaita shi da bukatun dimokuradiyya na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa kuma daga baya a farkon 1992, ya shawo kansa ga shugabannin jam'iyyu uku da suka ki amincewa da sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa don karɓar shi ta haka ya ceci kasar daga mummunar rikicin siyasa. Wadannan shiga tsakani ba a iyakance su a Afirka ba. Shiga da hannu a [[Bangladesh]] wani misali ne wanda ya bukaci lokaci da haƙuri mai yawa. Shugabannin siyasa biyu na kasar sune [[Khaleda Zia|Begum Zia]] da [[Sheikh Hasina]] . Begum Zia ta zama Firayim Minista bayan kisan mijinta wanda shine Firayim Ministan. Shugaban jam'iyyar adawa, Sheikh Hasina, 'yar Sheik Abdul Rahman ce, Firayim Minista na farko na Bangladesh mai zaman kanta wanda aka kashe shi tare da dukan iyalinsa ban da 'yar Hasina a juyin mulkin soja. Hasina ta yi sa'a ta fita daga kasar a wannan daren mai ban mamaki. Anyaoku ya shawo kan shugabannin biyu su yarda da shawararsa na aika da kwararren wakilin ya zo Bangladesh don gudanar da tattaunawa da Firayim Minista, Begum Zia da shugaban adawa Sheik Hasina tare da neman tsari don daidaitawa tsakanin jam'iyyun su biyu. Anyaoku saboda haka ya aika a matsayin wakilin sa na musamman, Sir Ninian Steven, tsohon Gwamna Janar na Australiya, wanda ya kwashe makonni a Dhaka yana ba da zaman lafiya tsakanin gwamnati da jam'iyyun adawa. Ya kuma shiga tsakani a Pakistan a lokacin da ake iya haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin Shugaban kasar na lokacin, Mista Farooq Leghari da Firayim Minista, Nawaz Sharif . Mafi ƙalubale daga cikin abubuwan da ya shiga tsakani shine rikicin da ya faru a ƙasarsa Najeriya wanda ya biyo bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na 12 12 Yuni 1993 da gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta lokacin ta yi. Cif [[Moshood Abiola]] ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Transition or Travesty: Nigeria's Endless Process of Return to Civilian Rule |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a8314.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> A ranar da aka soke shi, Anyaoku ya fitar da wata sanarwa mai ƙarfi, yana mai cewa sokewar "babban koma baya ne ga manufar dimokuradiyya, musamman a lokacin da dukkan gwamnatocin Commonwealth suka yi alkawarin inganta mulkin dimokuradiya a kasashensu"; ya kira shi "abin takaici" ga duk waɗanda ke sa ran ɗaukar ofishin gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyar a Najeriya. Anyaoku yana da matsala mai tsanani lokacin da Babangida "ya bar" kuma Janar [[Sani Abacha]] bayan 'yan watanni na yarjejeniyar da ake kira Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta karɓi gwamnatin ƙasar a juyin mulkin soja a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1993. Abacha ya kafa karin matakan da suka fi tsanani. Ya kama kuma ya daure wanda ake zaton ya lashe zaben 12 ga Yuni 1993, Abiola . Kuma kasar ta shiga cikin babban rikici tare da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar jama'a da ke faruwa a ko'ina. Abacha ya kara tsananta rikicin ta hanyar kamawa, tsarewa da kuma gabatar da [[Ken Saro-Wiwa]] da sauran masu gwagwarmayar [[Mutanen Ogoni|Ogoni]] a kan zargin shiga cikin kisan shugabannin Ogoni guda hudu wadanda suka yi adawa da hanyar kamfen din su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nigeria: Shell complicit in the arbitrary executions of Ogoni Nine as writ served in Dutch court |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/shell-complicit-arbitrary-executions-ogoni-nine-writ-dutch-court/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Maris na shekara ta 1995, gwamnatin Abacha ta yi zargin cewa an yi yunkurin juyin mulki a kanta. Masu kallo da yawa sun yi watsi da wannan a matsayin juyin mulki. Gwamnatin, duk da haka, ta fara kamawa da tsare da yawa daga cikin jami'ai da tsoffin jami'ai, ciki har da tsohon shugaban kasa, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Janar Olusegun Obasanjo]], da mataimakinsa na baya, Janar [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua|Shehu Musa Yar"Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: A Travesty of Justice: Secret treason trials and other concerns |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a98fc.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Kotun soja ce ta yi wa wadanda ake zargi da juyin mulki shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukunci daban-daban, tare da ba Obasanjo gidan yari na rai, yayin da aka yanke wa Yar'Adua hukuncin kisa. Anyaoku ya ci gaba da kamfen don warware rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar aika sakonni ga Abacha da yin sanarwa a fili, ba tare da amfani ba. Batun ya zo ne lokacin da aka yanke wa Ken Saro-Wiwa da takwas daga cikin 'yan uwansa da ake tuhuma hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ken Saro-Wiwa |url=https://www.shell.com.ng/sustainability/environment/ogon-issue/ken-saro-wiwa.html |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=www.shell.com.ng |language=en}}</ref> Anyaoku ya yi kira ga Abacha da neman gafara ga masu fafutuka da aka hukunta. Wannan roko ya fadi a kunnuwan Abacha kuma daga ƙarshe ya kashe Ken Saro-Wiwa da abokan aikinsa a gaban taron shugabannin Commonwealth a [[Auckland|Auckland, New Zealand]], a watan Nuwamba 1995. A mayar da martani, shugabannin Commonwealth sun yanke shawarar dakatar da Najeriya daga membobinta na kungiyar. A halin yanzu, Anyaoku ya nemi shiga Abacha cikin tattaunawar da aka yi da nufin warware rikicin siyasa a Najeriya. Anyaoku ya sadu da yarjejeniyar Abacha a watan Yulin 1995 tare da Abiola a tsare don tattauna shawararsa don tattaunawa tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu tare da manufar amincewa da shirye-shiryen karɓar sakamakon zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke. Yayinda Abiola a bangarensa ya yarda da shawarar, Abacha ya ƙi shi yana gaya wa Anyaoku cewa zai fi so ya nemi mafita game da rikicin ta hanyar taron kundin tsarin mulki da zai taru da shi. Bayan mutuwar Abacha kwatsam a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1998, sabon mulkin soja a karkashin Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya zo don sauƙaƙe dawowar kasar cikin sauri zuwa ga rarraba dimokuradiyya. Anyaoku tare da tawagarsa ta Commonwealth sun ba da cikakken goyon baya ga wannan tsari, gami da musamman zaben kasa wanda ya samar da gwamnatin farar hula ta Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. A cikin bin fifiko da ya bayyana tun daga farkon mulkinsa don sanya Commonwealth ta zama mai karfi don inganta dimokuradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci, Anyaoku a farkon 1997, ya shirya taron farko na shugabannin gwamnatin Commonwealth na Afirka don tattauna dimokuradiya da kyakkyawan shugabanni a nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aso Rock Declaration on Development and Democracy: Partnership for Peace and Prosperity {{!}} The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126171843/https://thecommonwealth.org/aso-rock-declaration-development-and-democracy-partnership-peace-and-prosperity |archive-date=26 January 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa na Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth a ranar 31 ga Maris 2000. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, Jami'ar London ta kafa kujerar kwararru a Cibiyar Nazarin Commonwealth mai suna Emeka Anyaoku Farfesa na Nazarin Commonwealth. An kuma gayyace shi ya zama Babban Mai Ziyarci a Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanar da Duniya, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London (2000-2002). An ba shi kyautar Freedom of the City of London a shekarar 1998 kuma ya karbi kayan ado daga Najeriya CFR da CON, da kuma mafi girman girmamawar farar hula na Kamaru, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia da Trinidad & Tobago's Trinity Cross (TC) da kuma girmamawa Knight Grand Cross na Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) daga Mai Girma, Sarauniya a shekara ta 2000. Ya kasance daya daga cikin hamsin, kuma daya daga cikin mutane ɗari waɗanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba su lambobin zinare na musamman don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga ci gaban ƙasar a cikin bukukuwan Jubilee na 'yancin kai na Najeriya a cikin 2010 da Centenary a cikin 2014 . Emeka Anyaoku marubuciya ce da aka buga <ref name="Evans Brothers Limited 2004">''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'', Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-237-52734-0|<bdi>0-237-52734-0</bdi>]].</ref> kuma yanzu tana da digiri na digiri na digiri 33 daga manyan jami'o'i a Burtaniya, Kanada, Ghana, Jamhuriyar Ireland, Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Switzerland da Zimbabwe. Anyaoku ya yi aiki a karkashin shugabanni uku da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a Najeriya a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2015. Shi tare da [[Kofi Annan]] sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun dukkan 'yan takarar shugaban kasa da jam'iyyun siyasa su sadaukar da kansu ga tsarin zabe ba tare da tashin hankali ba ta hanyar sanya hannu a watan Janairun Yarjejeniyar Abuja wacce ta tabbatar da zaben zaman lafiya da sauyawa zuwa sabon tsarin dimokuradiyya a Najeriya na Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] a watan Mayu 2015. Matsayin da Cif Emeka Anyaoku ya yi aiki / har yanzu yana aiki sun haɗa da: * 1975: Shugaba, Ofishin Jakadancin Commonwealth zuwa Mozambique <ref>''The Inside Story of the Modern Commonwealth'' Evans Brothers Limited, 2004, p. 72, {{ISBN|0-237-52734-0}}.</ref> * 1979-90: memba na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Kasashen Waje a London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190430/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8102.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1984-90: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Asusun Ajiye Yara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odu |first=Oji |title=Anyaoku: 'Eye of Fire' |url=http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093032/http://www.thesourceng.com/FireJanuary212013.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.thesourceng.com}}</ref> * 1992-: Mai Girma memba na Kungiyar Roma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724200747/https://www.clubofrome.org/Index.php?s=++emeka+anyaoku |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> * 1994-96: memba, Hukumar Duniya kan dazuzzuka[https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100019223 Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Duniya] * 2000-06: Shugaban kasa, Royal Commonwealth Society * 2000-ya zuwa yanzu: Shugaban, Royal African Society <ref>[http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/427/local/back-matter.pdf]{{Dead link|date=May 2021}}</ref> * 2001-ya zuwa yanzu: memba, Ƙungiyar Mashahuran Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don taimakawa ci gaba da manufofin Taron Duniya na Yaki da wariyar launin fata <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2001 |title=Leading international figures meet in Geneva in support of world conference on racism {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2001/rd916.doc.htm |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> * 2002-09: Shugaba, Asusun Duniya na Yanayi, WWF <ref>{{Cite web |title=A new president for WWF |url=http://www.wwf.org.uk/wwf_articles.cfm?unewsid=632 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.wwf.org.uk}}</ref> * 2004-05: Shugaban, Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan goyon bayan kasa da kasa ga Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD) * 2002-10: memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kudancin a Geneva * 2005-13: Mai kula da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Minutes of the meeting held on 24 November 2011 at the British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803114330/https://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/Trustee_Board_Minutes_241111.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-03 |access-date=7 May 2024 |publisher=The British Museum Board of Trustees}}</ref> * 2000-15: Shugaban, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shugaban kasa kan Harkokin Kasashen Duniya a Najeriya.<ref name="vanguardngr.com" /> * 2013-yanzu: Shugaba, Metropolitan Club, Legas. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An kafa shi a cikin 1980 a matsayin '''[[Ichi (scarification)|Ichie]] Adazie''' na Obosi, Anyaoku ya ci gaba da cika ayyukan ofishin shugabancin Ndichie na gargajiya a Obosi. Ichie Anyaoku ta auri Gimbiya Bunmi Anyaoku tun 1962. Gimbiya Anyaoku 'yar [[Oba|Omoba]] ce ta [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya . <ref name="rcraggs Interview">{{Cite web |last=rcraggs |date=2013-09-27 |title=Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku |url=https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=Commonwealth Oral History Project |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFrcraggs2013">rcraggs (27 September 2013). [https://commonwealthoralhistories.org/2013/interview-with-chief-emeka-anyaoku/ "Interview with Chief Emeka Anyaoku"]. ''Commonwealth Oral History Project''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Game da aurensu, an rubuta shi a cikin Nigerian Sunday Times, sannan jaridar da ta fi yaduwa a kasar, cewa {{Cquote|it was a wedding of one of Nigeria's most eligible bachelors and a beautiful young Princess educated in an English boarding school and Pitman College, London.}} Suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Adiba; 'yarsu - [[lauya]] da ke aiki a kwamitin Old Mutual plc - da' ya'ya maza uku; Oluyemisi, Obiechina, da Emenike. Emeka tana da jikoki biyu, waɗanda aka haifa wa Adiba da mijinta; Irenne Ighodaro da Osita Ighodaro . A cikin 1990, shugabannin dukkan al'ummomi 19 na Idemili Clan a gidansa na Jihar Anambra sun ba Anyaoku girmamawa ta musamman ta hanyar saka masa hannun jari tare da taken '''Ugwumba Idemili''' . Matarsa, Bunmi, ita ma shugaba ce - Ugoma Obosi da Idemili - a cikin haƙƙinta, tare da dogon lokaci a cikin aikin jin dadin Najeriya da Commonwealth. A matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin ranar haihuwarsa ta 91 a ranar 18 ga Janairun 2024, Anyaoku ya bayyana Cibiyar Emeka da Bunmi Anyaoku a Obosi, garinsu. Cibiyar tana da ɗakin karatu da gidan kayan gargajiya da ya gina a garin a matsayin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi, aikin dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Tarin da ke cikin gidan kayan gargajiya sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na al'adu daga ko'ina cikin Najeriya, sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth da Afirka yayin da ɗakin karatu yana da takardunsa na sirri daga kwanakinsa a matsayin Sakatare Janar na Commonwealth of Nations da littattafai da sauran albarkatun ilimi. Emeka Anyaoku dan Anglican ne, mahaifinsa ya tuba zuwa wannan bangaskiya. Ya rubuta cewa shi ne {{Cquote|very comfortable being an Anglican, comfortable with the beliefs that Anglicanism represents.<ref>''Why I am Still an Anglican'', Continuum, 2006, p. 46.</ref>}} Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Royal Commonwealth Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society |url=https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226110043/https://thercs.org/about-us/governance/ |archive-date=26 December 2013 |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=thercs.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{Succession box}} {{s-npo}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lfy9kji0iyrmn1fkswb0vanh39exki9 0 152589 841140 2026-05-28T07:48:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329550490|Bafatá]]" 841140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bafatá''' ita ce birni na biyu mafi girma a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]], wanda aka sani da wurin haihuwar [[Amílcar Cabral]] . <ref name="Dictionary" /> Garin yana da yawan jama'a 22,501 (wanda aka kiyasta a shekarar 2008). Ita ce babban birnin yankin Bafatá da kuma wurin zama na Diocese na Roman Katolika na Bafatá, wanda aka kafa a watan Maris na 2001 tare da Carlos Pedro Zilli a matsayin bishop. == Asalin Ma'anar == 'Bafatá' ya fito ne daga kalmar Mandinka 'baa faata' ma'ana 'kogin ya cika', dangane da kogin Geba . == Tarihi == An kafa Bafatá a tsakiyar shekarun 1800 ta hannun Malam Santi, wani tsohon soja na Mandinka a cikin 'yaƙin neman sulhu' na [[Portugal]] a cikin gida. A shekarun 1880, cibiyar kasuwanci ce ga 'yan Portugal, ciki har da gyada, shanu, fatu, yadi, da gishiri. An mayar da ''fadar shugaban'' Geba da ke kusa zuwa Bafatá a shekarar 1906, wanda hakan ya ɗaukaka martaba da mahimmancin garin sosai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Kwamandan Vasco de Sousa Calvet de Magalhães ya isa, ya kuma yi amfani da tilasta yin aiki don gina kasuwa, tashar jiragen ruwa, gada, da sauran ababen more rayuwa. Ya zama gari a shekarar 1913. == Alamomin ƙasa == Filin jirgin sama na Bafatá, filin jirgin sama, da kuma asibiti na yanki suna hidimar garin. Akwai otal, Bafatá Apartamento Imel. Gidan cin abinci ''na Ponto de Encontro'' yana ba da abincin Portugal. Dazuzzukan da ke kewaye an san su da yawan birai da barewa, kuma Maimama Cape, mallakar wani ɗan Cape Verde, tana shirya tafiye-tafiye don ziyartar dabbobin ga masu yawon buɗe ido. Garin yana cikin yanayi mara kyau; titunan suna ɗauke da ciyawar tumbula da kwalta mai fashewa. Yawancin manyan hanyoyin ana kiransu Bissau, Brazil da Guiana. An san Bafatá da yin [[Brick|tubali]] . == Yanayi == Bafatá tana da yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ), ba ta yi kama da Bissau ba, kodayake tana da kusan busasshiyar ƙasa ta uku gaba ɗaya kuma ta fi zafi sosai a rana saboda yanayinta na ciki. Kamar yadda yake a duk ƙasar Guinea-Bissau, akwai yanayi biyu masu bambanci sosai: lokacin rani daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu tare da iskar ƙura mai ƙura da yanayi mai zafi, babu ruwan sama, da kuma lokacin damina daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba tare da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi kusan kowace rana da yanayi mai zafi da danshi mara daɗi. age6gby2xflgfk6tqo6du7v9zlld1je 841141 841140 2026-05-28T07:48:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bafatá''' ita ce birni na biyu mafi girma a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]], wanda aka sani da wurin haihuwar [[Amílcar Cabral]] . <ref name="Dictionary" /> Garin yana da yawan jama'a 22,501 (wanda aka kiyasta a shekarar 2008). Ita ce babban birnin yankin Bafatá da kuma wurin zama na Diocese na Roman Katolika na Bafatá, wanda aka kafa a watan Maris na 2001 tare da Carlos Pedro Zilli a matsayin bishop. == Asalin Ma'anar == 'Bafatá' ya fito ne daga kalmar Mandinka 'baa faata' ma'ana 'kogin ya cika', dangane da kogin Geba . == Tarihi == An kafa Bafatá a tsakiyar shekarun 1800 ta hannun Malam Santi, wani tsohon soja na Mandinka a cikin 'yaƙin neman sulhu' na [[Portugal]] a cikin gida. A shekarun 1880, cibiyar kasuwanci ce ga 'yan Portugal, ciki har da gyada, shanu, fatu, yadi, da gishiri. An mayar da ''fadar shugaban'' Geba da ke kusa zuwa Bafatá a shekarar 1906, wanda hakan ya ɗaukaka martaba da mahimmancin garin sosai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Kwamandan Vasco de Sousa Calvet de Magalhães ya isa, ya kuma yi amfani da tilasta yin aiki don gina kasuwa, tashar jiragen ruwa, gada, da sauran ababen more rayuwa. Ya zama gari a shekarar 1913. == Alamomin ƙasa == Filin jirgin sama na Bafatá, filin jirgin sama, da kuma asibiti na yanki suna hidimar garin. Akwai otal, Bafatá Apartamento Imel. Gidan cin abinci ''na Ponto de Encontro'' yana ba da abincin Portugal. Dazuzzukan da ke kewaye an san su da yawan birai da barewa, kuma Maimama Cape, mallakar wani ɗan Cape Verde, tana shirya tafiye-tafiye don ziyartar dabbobin ga masu yawon buɗe ido. Garin yana cikin yanayi mara kyau; titunan suna ɗauke da ciyawar tumbula da kwalta mai fashewa. Yawancin manyan hanyoyin ana kiransu Bissau, Brazil da Guiana. An san Bafatá da yin [[Brick|tubali]] . == Yanayi == Bafatá tana da yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ), ba ta yi kama da Bissau ba, kodayake tana da kusan busasshiyar ƙasa ta uku gaba ɗaya kuma ta fi zafi sosai a rana saboda yanayinta na ciki. Kamar yadda yake a duk ƙasar Guinea-Bissau, akwai yanayi biyu masu bambanci sosai: lokacin rani daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu tare da iskar ƙura mai ƙura da yanayi mai zafi, babu ruwan sama, da kuma lokacin damina daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba tare da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi kusan kowace rana da yanayi mai zafi da danshi mara daɗi. ==manazarta== bikfveknxglaxt0x7ryxlj0op9haqfp 0 152590 841142 2026-05-28T07:50:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345190472|Janjanbureh]]" 841142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janjanbureh''' ko '''Jangjangbureh''' gari ne, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1823, a Tsibirin Janjanbureh, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Tsibirin MacCarthy, a [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] a gabashin [[Gambiya|Gambia]] . Har zuwa shekarar 1995, an san shi da '''Georgetown''' kuma shine gari na biyu mafi girma a kasar. Ita ce babban birnin karamar hukumar Janjanbureh (wanda a da take sashen tsakiyar kogin ), kuma gundumar Janjanbureh. Yawan al'ummar karamar hukumar Janjanbureh ya kai 127,333 a kidayar jama'a ta 2013. <ref name="GBoS 2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=Distribution of Population by Gender and LGA |url=https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308020010/https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |archive-date=2023-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=GBoS}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kyaftin ɗin Burtaniya Alexander Grant ne ya sayi tsibirin MacCarthy, wanda a lokacin ake kira Lemain Island, a shekarar 1823, a musayar kuɗin shekara-shekara ga Kolli Camara, sarkin Lower Niani . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janjangbureh Island and Town |url=http://accessgambia.com/information/janjangbureh.html |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=Access Gambia}}</ref> An yi nufin a matsayin matsuguni ga bayin da aka 'yanta. An samu takaddama lokacin da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka nemi aiki daga Niani, amma ƙabilar Kamara mai mulki ta aika da sojoji maimakon haka, wanda ya tilasta wa Birtaniyar neman mafaka a sabon sansaninsu. Harin ramuwar gayya a babban birnin Niani na Ndougousine ya gaza, inda Mandinka ta kama bindigogi biyu, amma tsibirin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun Birtaniya. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rokhaya}}</ref> A shekarun 1840, wurin ciniki ya ci gaba da yin kasuwanci a fata, kakin zuma, da hauren giwa; shi ne mafi nisa a saman kogin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta mallaka ta mamaye. A shekarar 1880, garin yana da yawan jama'a 1263, wanda ɗaya kawai Ba'amurke ne. Janjanbureh shine mahaifar masanin tarihin Jami'ar Yale Lamin Sanneh . == Janjanbureh a yau == Garin ya fi shahara a matsayin gidan [[Gidan Yari|yarin]] Gambiya. Da'irar duwatsu ta Wassu, babban wurin shakatawa na yawon bude ido, tana da lamba 22.&nbsp;km arewa maso yamma da Lamin Koto, akan bankin arewa daura da Janjanbureh. Tsibirin an san shi da MacCarthy Island kuma yana cikin abin da ake kira MacCarthy Island Division a da. Ana shiga tsibirin ta hanyar gada daga bakin kudu, da ƙananan jiragen ruwa ko kuma jirgin ruwan gwamnati daga bakin arewa. A shekarar 1995, an sake wa birnin Georgetown da tsibirin MacCarthy suna Janjanbureh bi da bi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Hotunan Hotuna ==   == Manazarta == sxa114warpyejro57l04nh57cuqu2ya 841143 841142 2026-05-28T07:50:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Janjanbureh''' ko '''Jangjangbureh''' gari ne, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1823, a Tsibirin Janjanbureh, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Tsibirin MacCarthy, a [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] a gabashin [[Gambiya|Gambia]] . Har zuwa shekarar 1995, an san shi da '''Georgetown''' kuma shine gari na biyu mafi girma a kasar. Ita ce babban birnin karamar hukumar Janjanbureh (wanda a da take sashen tsakiyar kogin ), kuma gundumar Janjanbureh. Yawan al'ummar karamar hukumar Janjanbureh ya kai 127,333 a kidayar jama'a ta 2013. <ref name="GBoS 2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=Distribution of Population by Gender and LGA |url=https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308020010/https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |archive-date=2023-03-08 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=GBoS}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kyaftin ɗin Burtaniya Alexander Grant ne ya sayi tsibirin MacCarthy, wanda a lokacin ake kira Lemain Island, a shekarar 1823, a musayar kuɗin shekara-shekara ga Kolli Camara, sarkin Lower Niani . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janjangbureh Island and Town |url=http://accessgambia.com/information/janjangbureh.html |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=Access Gambia}}</ref> An yi nufin a matsayin matsuguni ga bayin da aka 'yanta. An samu takaddama lokacin da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka nemi aiki daga Niani, amma ƙabilar Kamara mai mulki ta aika da sojoji maimakon haka, wanda ya tilasta wa Birtaniyar neman mafaka a sabon sansaninsu. Harin ramuwar gayya a babban birnin Niani na Ndougousine ya gaza, inda Mandinka ta kama bindigogi biyu, amma tsibirin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun Birtaniya. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rokhaya}}</ref> A shekarun 1840, wurin ciniki ya ci gaba da yin kasuwanci a fata, kakin zuma, da hauren giwa; shi ne mafi nisa a saman kogin da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta mallaka ta mamaye. A shekarar 1880, garin yana da yawan jama'a 1263, wanda ɗaya kawai Ba'amurke ne. Janjanbureh shine mahaifar masanin tarihin Jami'ar Yale Lamin Sanneh . == Janjanbureh a yau == Garin ya fi shahara a matsayin gidan [[Gidan Yari|yarin]] Gambiya. Da'irar duwatsu ta Wassu, babban wurin shakatawa na yawon bude ido, tana da lamba 22.&nbsp;km arewa maso yamma da Lamin Koto, akan bankin arewa daura da Janjanbureh. Tsibirin an san shi da MacCarthy Island kuma yana cikin abin da ake kira MacCarthy Island Division a da. Ana shiga tsibirin ta hanyar gada daga bakin kudu, da ƙananan jiragen ruwa ko kuma jirgin ruwan gwamnati daga bakin arewa. A shekarar 1995, an sake wa birnin Georgetown da tsibirin MacCarthy suna Janjanbureh bi da bi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Hotunan Hotuna ==   == Manazarta == d51x5sf8o2ldzvjjyg4j7j2dcow4dl0 0 152591 841144 2026-05-28T07:51:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341492581|Lake Victoria]]" 841144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] '''Tafkin Victoria''' yana ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Tafkunan Afirka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}</ref> Yana da faɗin fili na kimanin {{Cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}},<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria shine tafki mafi girma a Afirka ta fannin yanki, tafki mafi girma a duniya ta fannin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}</ref> kuma tafki mafi girma na biyu a duniya ta fannin ruwa bayan Tafkin Superior a Arewacin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Dangane da yawan ruwa, Tafkin Victoria shine tafki na tara mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin {{Cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}} na ruwa. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria yana da wani yanki mai zurfi a Afirka. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin {{Cvt|40|m|ft}} da kuma zurfin mafi girman {{Cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . <ref name="auto3" /> <ref name="auto4" /> Yankin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwansa]] ya ƙunshi {{Cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}} . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}</ref> Tafkin yana da bakin teku na {{Cvt|7142|km|mi}} lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin dijital a matakin 1:25,000, tare da tsibiran da suka ƙunshi kashi 3.7% na wannan tsawon. Yankin tafkin ya rabu zuwa ƙasashe uku: [[Tanzaniya]] tana da kashi 49% ( {{Cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}} ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{Cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}} ), da [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{Cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}. Tafkin gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa waɗanda ba sa rayuwa a wani wuri, musamman cichlids. Kifi masu mamayewa, irin su Nilu perch, sun kori nau'o'in halittu da yawa zuwa [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|halaka]]. == Sunayen == Duk da cewa yana da sunaye da yawa na yaren gida ( Swahili ; Dholuo ; Luganda ; Kinyarwanda ), <ref name="WDL1">{{Cite web |year=1899 |title=The Victoria. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=18 February 2013 |publisher=[[World Digital Library]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ukerewe |url=https://ntz.info/gen/n01545.html |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=nTZ: An Information Resource for Northern Tanzania |publisher=David Marsh}}</ref> An sake wa tafkin suna da sunan [[Sarauniya Victoria]] ta hanyar mai binciken John Hanning Speke, ɗan Birtaniya na farko da ya rubuta shi a shekarar 1858, yayin da yake kan wani balaguro tare da Richard Francis Burton . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Alan Moorehead}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topography_of_Lake_Victoria.png|thumb|Taswirar taswirar Tafkin Victoria]] Mai ba da labari mai suna [[John Reader]], a rubuce a cikin littafinsa na Alan Paton Literary Award-winning Africa: A Biography of a Continent, ya bayyana Tafkin Victoria a matsayin matashi ne a cikin ilimin ƙasa a kimanin shekaru 400,000 da haihuwa - an kafa shi yayin da koguna masu gudana zuwa yamma suka goyi bayan "lokacin da wani ɓangaren da ya karye na ɓawon duniya ya karkata tare da layin Great Rift Valley, yana ɗaga gefen yamma". [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] Nazarin farko, ƙoƙarin "bambanci na kogin tafkin Victoria", ya jawo ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙayyadamuran da suka dace. Na farko, a lokacin zamanin Miocene, abin da ke yanzu yankin tafkin ya kasance a gefen yammacin wani yanki mai tsawo wanda ke aiki a matsayin rarraba nahiyar, tare da rafi a gefen Yamma da ke gudana cikin kogin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] da rafi daga gefen gabas da ke gudada zuwa Tekun Indiya. Na biyu, yayin da aka kafa Tsarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, bangon gabashin [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]] (ko Yammacin Rift) ya tashi, a hankali ya juya ruwa zuwa ga abin da ke yanzu Tafkin Victoria. Na uku, bude babban Rift na Gabashin Afirka da Albertine Rift sun rushe yankin tsakanin su yayin da ganuwar rift ta tashi, ta haifar da tafkin Victoria na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ouma |first=J. P. B. M. |date=1970 |title=Fluvial Differentiation in the Basin of Lake Victoria |journal=Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=221–223 |jstor=43944206 |quote=On the basis each of catchment texture, catchment shape, and stream length propagation ratio, fluvial differentiation of the basin of Lake Victoria is attempted.}}</ref> == Ruwa == [[Fayil:Lake_Vic_Bathy.jpg|thumb|Tsarin ruwa na Lake Victoria <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref>]] Tafkin tafki ne mai zurfi idan aka yi la'akari da babban yankin da ke da zurfin kusan mita 80 (260 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 40 (130 . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton, S.E. |date=2016 |title=Creation of a Bathymetric Map of Lake Victoria, Africa |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |journal=Salisbury.edu |location=Salisbury, MD |publisher=Salisbury University |doi=10.7910/DVN/SOEKNR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050539/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=2016-10-25 |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> Aikin 2016 ya ƙididdige maki dubu goma kuma ya kirkiro taswirar bathymetric ta farko ta tafkin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Sashe mafi zurfi na tafkin yana da iyaka zuwa gabashin tafkin kusa da Kenya kuma tafkin gabaɗaya ba shi da zurfi a yamma tare da bakin tekun Uganda da kudu tare da bakin Tekun Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == k36ibxbugpupmojc6xqtr11uxexotvn 841145 841144 2026-05-28T07:51:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 841145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] '''Tafkin Victoria''' yana ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Tafkunan Afirka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}</ref> Yana da faɗin fili na kimanin {{Cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}},<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria shine tafki mafi girma a Afirka ta fannin yanki, tafki mafi girma a duniya ta fannin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}</ref> kuma tafki mafi girma na biyu a duniya ta fannin ruwa bayan Tafkin Superior a Arewacin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Dangane da yawan ruwa, Tafkin Victoria shine tafki na tara mafi girma a duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin {{Cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}} na ruwa. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria yana da wani yanki mai zurfi a Afirka. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin {{Cvt|40|m|ft}} da kuma zurfin mafi girman {{Cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . <ref name="auto3" /> <ref name="auto4" /> Yankin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwansa]] ya ƙunshi {{Cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}} . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}</ref> Tafkin yana da bakin teku na {{Cvt|7142|km|mi}} lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin dijital a matakin 1:25,000, tare da tsibiran da suka ƙunshi kashi 3.7% na wannan tsawon. Yankin tafkin ya rabu zuwa ƙasashe uku: [[Tanzaniya]] tana da kashi 49% ( {{Cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}} ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{Cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}} ), da [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{Cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}. Tafkin gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa waɗanda ba sa rayuwa a wani wuri, musamman cichlids. Kifi masu mamayewa, irin su Nilu perch, sun kori nau'o'in halittu da yawa zuwa [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|halaka]]. == Sunayen == Duk da cewa yana da sunaye da yawa na yaren gida ( Swahili ; Dholuo ; Luganda ; Kinyarwanda ), <ref name="WDL1">{{Cite web |year=1899 |title=The Victoria. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=18 February 2013 |publisher=[[World Digital Library]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ukerewe |url=https://ntz.info/gen/n01545.html |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=nTZ: An Information Resource for Northern Tanzania |publisher=David Marsh}}</ref> An sake wa tafkin suna da sunan [[Sarauniya Victoria]] ta hanyar mai binciken John Hanning Speke, ɗan Birtaniya na farko da ya rubuta shi a shekarar 1858, yayin da yake kan wani balaguro tare da Richard Francis Burton . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Alan Moorehead}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Topography_of_Lake_Victoria.png|thumb|Taswirar taswirar Tafkin Victoria]] Mai ba da labari mai suna [[John Reader]], a rubuce a cikin littafinsa na Alan Paton Literary Award-winning Africa: A Biography of a Continent, ya bayyana Tafkin Victoria a matsayin matashi ne a cikin ilimin ƙasa a kimanin shekaru 400,000 da haihuwa - an kafa shi yayin da koguna masu gudana zuwa yamma suka goyi bayan "lokacin da wani ɓangaren da ya karye na ɓawon duniya ya karkata tare da layin Great Rift Valley, yana ɗaga gefen yamma". [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] Nazarin farko, ƙoƙarin "bambanci na kogin tafkin Victoria", ya jawo ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden ƙayyadamuran da suka dace. Na farko, a lokacin zamanin Miocene, abin da ke yanzu yankin tafkin ya kasance a gefen yammacin wani yanki mai tsawo wanda ke aiki a matsayin rarraba nahiyar, tare da rafi a gefen Yamma da ke gudana cikin kogin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] da rafi daga gefen gabas da ke gudada zuwa Tekun Indiya. Na biyu, yayin da aka kafa Tsarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, bangon gabashin [[Kyautar Albertine|Albertine Rift]] (ko Yammacin Rift) ya tashi, a hankali ya juya ruwa zuwa ga abin da ke yanzu Tafkin Victoria. Na uku, bude babban Rift na Gabashin Afirka da Albertine Rift sun rushe yankin tsakanin su yayin da ganuwar rift ta tashi, ta haifar da tafkin Victoria na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ouma |first=J. P. B. M. |date=1970 |title=Fluvial Differentiation in the Basin of Lake Victoria |journal=Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=221–223 |jstor=43944206 |quote=On the basis each of catchment texture, catchment shape, and stream length propagation ratio, fluvial differentiation of the basin of Lake Victoria is attempted.}}</ref> == Ruwa == [[Fayil:Lake_Vic_Bathy.jpg|thumb|Tsarin ruwa na Lake Victoria <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref>]] Tafkin tafki ne mai zurfi idan aka yi la'akari da babban yankin da ke da zurfin kusan mita 80 (260 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 40 (130 . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton, S.E. |date=2016 |title=Creation of a Bathymetric Map of Lake Victoria, Africa |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |journal=Salisbury.edu |location=Salisbury, MD |publisher=Salisbury University |doi=10.7910/DVN/SOEKNR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050539/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=2016-10-25 |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> Aikin 2016 ya ƙididdige maki dubu goma kuma ya kirkiro taswirar bathymetric ta farko ta tafkin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Sashe mafi zurfi na tafkin yana da iyaka zuwa gabashin tafkin kusa da Kenya kuma tafkin gabaɗaya ba shi da zurfi a yamma tare da bakin tekun Uganda da kudu tare da bakin Tekun Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == pqe5gc535to68hfcy6az8x4x6jok104 0 152592 841147 2026-05-28T07:54:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293753903|Gambia Ports Authority]]" 841147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Gambia''' ( '''GPA''' ) hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kayayyakin tashar jiragen ruwa na [[Gambiya|Gambia]], musamman na [[Banjul|Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Banjul]] da ke kan [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] . An kafa GPA a shekarar 1972 kuma memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka. Ofisoshin Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa suna Banjul. Manyan wuraren sun haɗa da Banjul Wharf da Sabuwar Banjul Jetty da Extension; tashar kwantena, tashar jigilar kaya, rukunin rumbun ajiya mai haɗin gwiwa, haɓakar mai, wuraren bita da cibiyar kula da takardu . Shirye-shiryen faɗaɗawa sun haɗa da faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwa ; sabon tashar jiragen ruwa da ginin babban ofis; sabon kebul na kwamfuta da sabon yankin tashar motoci da manyan motoci. Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta ɗauki nauyin Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Gambia, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Gambia|Gambia mai suna Gambiya Championnat National D1]] . 5qhkt9w6dixuekztrc0n109jm7irzpm 841149 841147 2026-05-28T07:55:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Gambia''' ( '''GPA''' ) hukuma ce ta gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kayayyakin tashar jiragen ruwa na [[Gambiya|Gambia]], musamman na [[Banjul|Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Banjul]] da ke kan [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] . An kafa GPA a shekarar 1972 kuma memba ce ta Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka. Ofisoshin Hukumar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa suna Banjul. Manyan wuraren sun haɗa da Banjul Wharf da Sabuwar Banjul Jetty da Extension; tashar kwantena, tashar jigilar kaya, rukunin rumbun ajiya mai haɗin gwiwa, haɓakar mai, wuraren bita da cibiyar kula da takardu . Shirye-shiryen faɗaɗawa sun haɗa da faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwa ; sabon tashar jiragen ruwa da ginin babban ofis; sabon kebul na kwamfuta da sabon yankin tashar motoci da manyan motoci. Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta ɗauki nauyin Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Gambia, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Gambia|Gambia mai suna Gambiya Championnat National D1]] . ==manazarta== aa26zn561i3adp0djn0xsu1rp8ck8c3 0 152593 841150 2026-05-28T07:55:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346542310|Allia Bay]]" 841150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Allia Bay''' yanki ne da ke gabashin [[tafkin Turkana]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoeninger |first=Margaret J. |author-link=Margaret Schoeninger |last2=Reeser |first2=Holly |last3=Hallin |first3=Kris |date=2003 |title=Paleoenvironment of Austrolopithecus anamensis at Allia Bay, East Turkana, Kenya: evidence from mammalian herbivore enamel stable isotopes |url=http://www.anthro.ucsd.edu/_files/Faculty%20Files/schoeninger-publications/Hallen%20etal.2003.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809064704/http://anthro.ucsd.edu/_files/Faculty%20Files/schoeninger-publications/Hallen%20etal.2003.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |access-date=2018-10-25 |via=Academic Press}}</ref> a [[Kenya]] . An san wurin da samar da burbushin halittu na farko na hominid a shekarar 1982, tare da ƙarin bincike har zuwa yau, waɗanda aka gano duk a matsayin wani ɓangare na ''Australopithecus anamensis'' amma mai yiwuwa suna da alaƙa da ''Australopithecus afarensis'' . Mutane masu shahara da aka gano a Allia Bay sun haɗa da: Richard Leakey, Meave Leakey, Craig Feibel, Ian McDougall, Alan Walker . <ref name="Leakey">{{Cite journal |last=Leakey |first=Meave G. |last2=Feibel |first2=Craig S. |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |last4=Walker |first4=Alan |date=August 17, 1995 |title=New four-million-year-old hominid species from kanapoi and allia bay, kenya |journal=Nature |volume=376 |issue=6541 |pages=565–571 |bibcode=1995Natur.376..565L |doi=10.1038/376565a0 |pmid=7637803}}</ref> [[Fayil:Anamensis_Kenya_map.jpg|thumb]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Yanayin ƙasa na Allia Bay shine 3°35′4′′N, 36°16′4′′E. A matsayin saiti na bayyanar da aka ware ya zama yankin kudu na Koobi Fora . Ɗaya daga cikin siffofinsa na musamman shine ''c.''.2 Ma "gidan kasusuwa", <ref name="Wood 2013" /> wanda mai yiwuwa ne tashar [[Kogin Omo]] na kakanninmu.<ref name="Wood 2013" /> == Abubuwan da aka gano == An gano cewa dukkan samfuran suna da shekaru miliyan 3.9 zuwa 4.4 <ref name="Leakey">{{Cite journal |last=Leakey |first=Meave G. |last2=Feibel |first2=Craig S. |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |last4=Walker |first4=Alan |date=August 17, 1995 |title=New four-million-year-old hominid species from kanapoi and allia bay, kenya |journal=Nature |volume=376 |issue=6541 |pages=565–571 |bibcode=1995Natur.376..565L |doi=10.1038/376565a0 |pmid=7637803}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLeakeyFeibelMcDougallWalker1995">Leakey, Meave G.; Feibel, Craig S.; McDougall, Ian; Walker, Alan (August 17, 1995). "New four-million-year-old hominid species from kanapoi and allia bay, kenya". ''Nature''. '''376''' (6541): <span class="nowrap">565–</span>571. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995Natur.376..565L 1995Natur.376..565L]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/376565a0|10.1038/376565a0]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7637803 7637803].</cite></ref> kuma an rubuta su ta amfani da manyan hanyoyi guda 3: dating argon-argon, dating potassium-argon, da magnetostratigraphy . Leakey, Feibel, McDougall, da Walker sun shiga cikin gano sabbin samfura 12, waɗanda ake kyautata zaton sabon nau'in halitta ne a cikin halittar ''Australopithecus'' . <ref name="Leakey" /> Ana tsammanin sabon nau'in shine kakanin ''Australopithecus afarensis'' da kuma 'yar'uwar nau'in ''Ardipithecus ramidus'' . <ref name="Wood 2013" /> Samfuran 12 da aka samu a Allia Bay suna tare da ƙarin tara waɗanda aka samu a Kanapoi a [[Kenya]] ; binciken waɗannan wurare biyu shine tushen sabon nau'in halitta guda ɗaya a cikin ''Australopithecus ,'' wanda samfurin Kanapoi na farko shine holotype, kuma binciken Kanapoi da Allia Bay na baya sune paratypes . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=C.V. |last2=Leakey |first2=M.G. |last3=Walker |first3=A. |date=2001-10-01 |title=Morphology of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ba46/8a4b737198e44e0c7760abb912225ddd2f80.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=255–368 |doi=10.1006/jhev.2001.0507 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=11599925 |s2cid=41320275 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303190313/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ba46/8a4b737198e44e0c7760abb912225ddd2f80.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> An samo samfuran Allia Bay, waɗanda aka jera a teburin da ke ƙasa, a cikin ko a ƙarƙashin Moiti Tuff kuma suna da matsakaicin shekaru na shekaru miliyan 3.89 <ref name="Wood 2013" /> {| class="wikitable" |Adadin samfurin |Ranar |Shafin yanar gizo |Sashe na Jiki |Mai ganowa |- |KMN-ER 7727 |1982 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M² |J. Kithumbi |- |KMN-ER 20419 |1988 |Allia Bay 251 |Hagu radius |M. Kyeva |- |KMN-ER 20420 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M² |J. Kimengich |- |KMN-ER 20421 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Dama M³ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 20422 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M₁ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 20423 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M₂ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 20427 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M¹ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 20428 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu M₃ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 20432 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Yankin hagu na hagu tare da tushen canine da P_3-4 |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 22683 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu P₄ |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 24148 |1988 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Hagu dm² |Kungiyar Sieving |- |KMN-ER 30203 |1995 |Allia Bay 261-1 |Dama I¹ |A. Walker |- |KMN-ER 30200 |1995 |Allia Bay 261 |Hagu na hagu tare da M^{1 3} |K. Kimeu |} Hanyar da aka ba da sunan waɗannan samfurori daidai yake da waɗanda aka samo a Kanapoi: KNM-ER yana tsaye ne ga [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]] - Gabashin Rudolf, inda Rudolf shine mafi ƙarancin sanannun, madadin sunan [[Tafkin Turkana]]. == Manazarta == 27nsp1hw9595mueorac169aofkqmlsh 0 152594 841152 2026-05-28T07:56:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329361908|Eliye Springs]]" 841152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort_Turkana.JPG|thumb|Eliye Springs Hotel Resort, Turkana]] '''Eliye Springs''', wanda aka fi sani da Ille Springs, ƙauye ne mai nisa a yammacin Tekun Turkana a [[Kenya]], kusa da bakin [[Kogin Turkwel]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 50 a gabashin Lodwar da nisan kilometre 40 a kudancin Kalokol. [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] na cikin gida waɗanda aka ba su suna suna samar da ciyayi masu kyau tare da ɓangaren tafkin da ba shi da kyau kuma suna tallafawa al'umma kusan mutane 5000 tare da ruwan sha mai kyau. Koyaya, saboda sakaci, an gano ruwan maɓuɓɓugar yana da <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">E. coli</i></nowiki> da sauran masu cutarwa. [[Fayil:Hotel_Room_At_Eliye_Springs_Resort_On_Lake_Turkana.JPG|thumb|Gidan otal a Eliye Springs Resort a kan Tafkin Turkana]] A kusa da 1981, akwai gidan farauta a gefen tafkin wanda ya ƙunshi jerin gidajen ciyawa da kayan aiki na asali. A shekara ta 1982, wannan ya lalace kuma mai shi ya tafi, amma wasu ma'aikatan sun kasance, suna fatan karɓar albashin da ba a biya ba. Gidajen sun ba da mafaka ga matafiya masu ƙarfin zuciya waɗanda ke jin daɗin ruwa mai tsabta, mai dumi da faɗuwar rana. Dole ne a sayi abinci a Lodwar, kuma tafiyar zuwa Eliye Springs a 1982 ta ɗauki kimanin awanni 2. Tun daga wannan lokacin an sanya Lodge a ƙarƙashin sabon gudanarwa <ref name="About Eliye Springs Hotel Resort">{{Cite web |title=Eliye Springs Resort |url=http://eliyespringresort.com |website=Eliye Springs Resort}}</ref> kuma yana jan hankalin masu cin gashin kansu masu yawa zuwa kyakkyawan rairayin bakin teku mai launin fari. Filin jirgin sama na yashi da ke kusa yana tallafawa ƙananan jirgin sama. == Tarihin Dan Adam na Farko da Cradle Of Mankind == [[Fayil:Eliye_Springs_ES11693_NMNH.jpg|left|thumb|Kwayar ES-11693, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na KasaGidan Tarihi na Kasa]] Ana iya samun kwanyar jinsin ɗan adam na farko da ake kira <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Homo heidelbergensis</i></nowiki> kuma yana tsakanin shekaru 200,000 da 300,000 tare da lambar Nunin "Eliye Springs ES11693" a Cibiyar Smithsonian.<ref name="Homo heidelbergensis">{{Cite web |date=2010-01-30 |title=Exhibit Item ES11693 |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/eliye-springs-es11693 |website=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> A cikin wani rahoto na farko ([[:de:Günter Bräuer|Bräuer]] & Leakey, 1986), an gabatar da sabon burbushin burbushin KNM-ES-11693 daga Eliye Springs a yammacin Tekun Turkana a matsayin wani wakilin tsohuwar [[Ɗan Adam|''Homo sapiens'']]: "Maganar ta fito ne daga sakewa wanda ya ware kasancewarsa a cikin stratigraphically. Koyaya, duk da matsalolin kwanan wata, burbushin da aka kiyaye da yawa da za a iya sanya shi ga archaic Homo sapiens".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bräuer |first=Günter |last2=Leakey |first2=Richard E. |date=1 May 1986 |title=The ES-11693 cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=289–312 |doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80055-0}}</ref> ES-11693 an kwatanta shi da ''Homo sapiens'' na farko da na baya. Kodayake sabon hominid ya gabatar da mosaic na musamman na fasali na zamani da na zamani, ya bayyana yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da marigayi ''H. sapiens'' grade, wanda irin waɗannan hominids kamar Omo 2 da Laetoli H. 18 za a iya haɗa su.<ref name=": Archaic Homo sapiens And Hominid Evolution">{{Cite web |title=The ES-11693 Cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya |url=http://in-africa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Brauer-Leakey-1986-JHE-Eliye-Springs.pdf |website=Gunter Brauer And Richard E. Leakey}}</ref> Binciken phylogenetic ya sanya samfurin Eliye Springs kusa da Homo antecessor da burbushin daga [[Rabat]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ni |first=Xijun |last2=Ji |first2=Qiang |last3=Wu |first3=Wensheng |last4=Shao |first4=Qingfeng |last5=Ji |first5=Yannan |last6=Zhang |first6=Chi |last7=Liang |first7=Lei |last8=Ge |first8=Junyi |last9=Guo |first9=Zhen |last10=Li |first10=Jinhua |last11=Li |first11=Qiang |last12=Grün |first12=Rainer |last13=Stringer |first13=Chris |date=2021 |title=Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666675821000552 |journal=The Innovation |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |doi=10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130 |pmc=8454562 |pmid=34557770}}</ref> == Manazarta == n4qk162b6b5cj82hvreyufj38kt89io 841153 841152 2026-05-28T07:56:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 841153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort_Turkana.JPG|thumb|Eliye Springs Hotel Resort, Turkana]] '''Eliye Springs''', wanda aka fi sani da Ille Springs, ƙauye ne mai nisa a yammacin Tekun Turkana a [[Kenya]], kusa da bakin [[Kogin Turkwel]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 50 a gabashin Lodwar da nisan kilometre 40 a kudancin Kalokol. [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] na cikin gida waɗanda aka ba su suna suna samar da ciyayi masu kyau tare da ɓangaren tafkin da ba shi da kyau kuma suna tallafawa al'umma kusan mutane 5000 tare da ruwan sha mai kyau. Koyaya, saboda sakaci, an gano ruwan maɓuɓɓugar yana da <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">E. coli</i></nowiki> da sauran masu cutarwa. [[Fayil:Hotel_Room_At_Eliye_Springs_Resort_On_Lake_Turkana.JPG|thumb|Gidan otal a Eliye Springs Resort a kan Tafkin Turkana]] A kusa da 1981, akwai gidan farauta a gefen tafkin wanda ya ƙunshi jerin gidajen ciyawa da kayan aiki na asali. A shekara ta 1982, wannan ya lalace kuma mai shi ya tafi, amma wasu ma'aikatan sun kasance, suna fatan karɓar albashin da ba a biya ba. Gidajen sun ba da mafaka ga matafiya masu ƙarfin zuciya waɗanda ke jin daɗin ruwa mai tsabta, mai dumi da faɗuwar rana. Dole ne a sayi abinci a Lodwar, kuma tafiyar zuwa Eliye Springs a 1982 ta ɗauki kimanin awanni 2. Tun daga wannan lokacin an sanya Lodge a ƙarƙashin sabon gudanarwa <ref name="About Eliye Springs Hotel Resort">{{Cite web |title=Eliye Springs Resort |url=http://eliyespringresort.com |website=Eliye Springs Resort}}</ref> kuma yana jan hankalin masu cin gashin kansu masu yawa zuwa kyakkyawan rairayin bakin teku mai launin fari. Filin jirgin sama na yashi da ke kusa yana tallafawa ƙananan jirgin sama. == Tarihin Dan Adam na Farko da Cradle Of Mankind == [[Fayil:Eliye_Springs_ES11693_NMNH.jpg|left|thumb|Kwayar ES-11693, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na KasaGidan Tarihi na Kasa]] Ana iya samun kwanyar jinsin ɗan adam na farko da ake kira <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Homo heidelbergensis</i></nowiki> kuma yana tsakanin shekaru 200,000 da 300,000 tare da lambar Nunin "Eliye Springs ES11693" a Cibiyar Smithsonian.<ref name="Homo heidelbergensis">{{Cite web |date=2010-01-30 |title=Exhibit Item ES11693 |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/eliye-springs-es11693 |website=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> A cikin wani rahoto na farko ([[:de:Günter Bräuer|Bräuer]] & Leakey, 1986), an gabatar da sabon burbushin burbushin KNM-ES-11693 daga Eliye Springs a yammacin Tekun Turkana a matsayin wani wakilin tsohuwar [[Ɗan Adam|''Homo sapiens'']]: "Maganar ta fito ne daga sakewa wanda ya ware kasancewarsa a cikin stratigraphically. Koyaya, duk da matsalolin kwanan wata, burbushin da aka kiyaye da yawa da za a iya sanya shi ga archaic Homo sapiens".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bräuer |first=Günter |last2=Leakey |first2=Richard E. |date=1 May 1986 |title=The ES-11693 cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=289–312 |doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80055-0}}</ref> ES-11693 an kwatanta shi da ''Homo sapiens'' na farko da na baya. Kodayake sabon hominid ya gabatar da mosaic na musamman na fasali na zamani da na zamani, ya bayyana yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da marigayi ''H. sapiens'' grade, wanda irin waɗannan hominids kamar Omo 2 da Laetoli H. 18 za a iya haɗa su.<ref name=": Archaic Homo sapiens And Hominid Evolution">{{Cite web |title=The ES-11693 Cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya |url=http://in-africa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Brauer-Leakey-1986-JHE-Eliye-Springs.pdf |website=Gunter Brauer And Richard E. Leakey}}</ref> Binciken phylogenetic ya sanya samfurin Eliye Springs kusa da Homo antecessor da burbushin daga [[Rabat]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ni |first=Xijun |last2=Ji |first2=Qiang |last3=Wu |first3=Wensheng |last4=Shao |first4=Qingfeng |last5=Ji |first5=Yannan |last6=Zhang |first6=Chi |last7=Liang |first7=Lei |last8=Ge |first8=Junyi |last9=Guo |first9=Zhen |last10=Li |first10=Jinhua |last11=Li |first11=Qiang |last12=Grün |first12=Rainer |last13=Stringer |first13=Chris |date=2021 |title=Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666675821000552 |journal=The Innovation |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |doi=10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130 |pmc=8454562 |pmid=34557770}}</ref> == Manazarta == 12cn87630nt5tteexxcrnq6jvxcmtst 0 152595 841154 2026-05-28T07:57:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325231645|Kalokol]]" 841154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Kalokol-turkana-kenya.JPG|thumb|Babban titin a Kalokol]] '''Kalokol''' gari ne da ke gundumar Turkana, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION ACT – No. 9 |url=http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/IndependentElectoralandBoundariesCommissionNo9of2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426212214/http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/IndependentElectoralandBoundariesCommissionNo9of2011.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Kenya Law Reports|Kenya National Council for Law Reporting]] |pages=191-192 |edition=revised}}</ref> a gabar yammacin [[tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] . Garin shine hedikwatar gudanarwa ta ''Sashen Kalokol'' na Gundumar Turkana . Saboda kusancin Tafkin Turkana, kamun kifi shine babban aikin tattalin arziki a Kalokol, wanda har ma yana da wurin sarrafa kifi. Yankin yana da iska, ƙura, zafi da bushe - mai tsanani har ma da dabbobi na gida kamar awaki da raƙuma, yana ba da izinin iyakantaccen ayyukan kiwo da ci gaban kasuwanci. Yankin yana da alaƙa da ƙasƙanci waɗanda ke shimfiɗa a gefen yammacin tafkin. == Dubi kuma == * Gidan yanar gizon Kalokol == Manazarta == 55ossor7uvsojzgliu73llc55gi78xb 841157 841154 2026-05-28T07:58:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 841157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kalokol-turkana-kenya.JPG|thumb|Babban titin a Kalokol]] '''Kalokol''' gari ne da ke gundumar Turkana, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION ACT – No. 9 |url=http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/IndependentElectoralandBoundariesCommissionNo9of2011.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426212214/http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/Acts/IndependentElectoralandBoundariesCommissionNo9of2011.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Kenya Law Reports|Kenya National Council for Law Reporting]] |pages=191-192 |edition=revised}}</ref> a gabar yammacin [[tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] . Garin shine hedikwatar gudanarwa ta ''Sashen Kalokol'' na Gundumar Turkana . Saboda kusancin Tafkin Turkana, kamun kifi shine babban aikin tattalin arziki a Kalokol, wanda har ma yana da wurin sarrafa kifi. Yankin yana da iska, ƙura, zafi da bushe - mai tsanani har ma da dabbobi na gida kamar awaki da raƙuma, yana ba da izinin iyakantaccen ayyukan kiwo da ci gaban kasuwanci. Yankin yana da alaƙa da ƙasƙanci waɗanda ke shimfiɗa a gefen yammacin tafkin. == Dubi kuma == * Gidan yanar gizon Kalokol == Manazarta == 4gf15uflavbbd32r0vy6n3htyic6kmc 0 152596 841156 2026-05-28T07:57:35Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1209988126|Barra, Gambia]]" 841156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barra''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Niumi''' a da, birni ne a [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]], wanda ke gundumar Lower Niumi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barra Town, Gambia |url=http://www.accessgambia.com/information/barra-point.html |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Harsunan da suka fi yawa a birnin sune [[Yaren Serer|Serer]] da [[Yare Wolof|Wolof]] . Duk da cewa 'yan Afirka masu jin Mandinka koyaushe suna kiran jihar da ke gefen arewacin kogin [[Kogin Gambiya|Gambia]] da Niumi, ba kowa ne ke kiranta ba. Na dogon lokaci ana kiranta da "Barra" a cikin yaren ciniki na kogin, kuma tsakanin ƙarni na sha bakwai da sha tara, bayanan [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] da [[Faransa]] sun fi amfani da "Barra" ko "Bar" fiye da "Niumi". == Duba kuma == * [[Niumi national park|Niumi National Park]] == Manazarta == 0dxtsmt4u8hyonuo1rkm95bw9jjsd1i 841158 841156 2026-05-28T07:58:06Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barra''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Niumi''' a da, birni ne a [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]], wanda ke gundumar Lower Niumi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barra Town, Gambia |url=http://www.accessgambia.com/information/barra-point.html |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Harsunan da suka fi yawa a birnin sune [[Yaren Serer|Serer]] da [[Yare Wolof|Wolof]] . Duk da cewa 'yan Afirka masu jin Mandinka koyaushe suna kiran jihar da ke gefen arewacin kogin [[Kogin Gambiya|Gambia]] da Niumi, ba kowa ne ke kiranta ba. Na dogon lokaci ana kiranta da "Barra" a cikin yaren ciniki na kogin, kuma tsakanin ƙarni na sha bakwai da sha tara, bayanan [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] da [[Faransa]] sun fi amfani da "Barra" ko "Bar" fiye da "Niumi". == Duba kuma == * [[Niumi national park|Niumi National Park]] == Manazarta == 4g48kjyrzrxeap4z61m61iz2x8uje75 0 152597 841159 2026-05-28T07:58:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349693010|Kalokol Pillar Site]]" 841159 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gidan yanar gizon Nasura Pillar,''' wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin GcJh3 kuma an fi sani da Namoratunga II, wani shafin binciken archaeological ne a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a Kenya wanda ya fara ne da Pastoral Neolithic . Namoratunga na nufin "mutane na dutse" a cikin [[Harshen Turkana]]. Da farko an yi imanin cewa an halicci shafin ne a kusa da 300 BC, amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya samar da samfurin radiocarbon wanda ya kasance shekaru 2398 +/- 44 BC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shafin yana da nisan kilomita 50 daga babbar hanyar Lodwar - Kalokol, kuma ana iya ganinsa a kan mita 30 (98 daga hanya. Gidan Kalokol Pillar ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 19 na basalt waɗanda ke kewaye da tsarin zagaye na duwatsu. Sauran wuraren ginshiƙai da yawa sun kewaye Tafkin Turkana kuma sun kasance a lokaci guda; Lothagam North da Manemanya, alal misali, makabarta ne na al'umma. Wadannan shafuka masu yiwuwa ne suka gina su ta hanyar makiyaya na farko na yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani wurin binnewa tare da dutse cairns, Namoratunga I, <ref><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Nowrap|{{coord|2|23|0.04|N|36|8|2.52|E|region:KE_type:landmark|display=inline}}}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Lokori, ba shi da ginshiƙan dutse. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubiak |first=M. |date=1982 |title=Eclipse at Namoratunga |journal=The Observatory |volume=102 |page=211 |bibcode=1982Obs...102..210K}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Helaine Selin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref> Masana binciken kayan tarihi Mark Lynch da L.H. Robbins sun bayyana shafin yanar gizon Kalokol a cikin 1978 kuma sun gano shi a matsayin yiwuwar shafin Archaeoastronomical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L. H. |last2=Lynch |first2=B. M. |date=1978-05-19 |title=Namoratunga: The First Archeoastronomical Evidence in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Science |language=en |volume=200 |issue=4343 |pages=766–768 |bibcode=1978Sci...200..766L |doi=10.1126/science.200.4343.766 |issn=1095-9203 |pmid=17743241 |s2cid=31531630}}</ref> Lynch ya yi imanin cewa ginshiƙan basalt suna ɗaure taurari ko taurari zuwa kalandar wata 12 na kwanaki 354 na masu magana da Cushitic na kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. An ce ginshiƙan sun haɗa da tsarin taurari bakwai: Triangulum, Pleiades, Bellatrix, Aldebaran, [[Orion (ƙungiya)|Orion]] ta Tsakiya, Saiph, da Sirius. Sauran masu binciken tarihi sun sake nazarin shaidar archaeoastronomical, kuma tsohuwar kwanan wata radiocarbon daga Kalokol Pillar Site yanzu yana tambayar waɗannan fassarorin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=Laurance R. |last2=Wilcox |first2=Thomas J. |date=1986 |title=Statistical Analysis of Namoratunga: An Archaeoastronomical Site in Sub-Saharan Africa? |journal=Azania |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=125–129 |doi=10.1080/00672708609511373}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> An gabatar da shafin ne a hukumance ga Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarihin Lissafi na Farko a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023. == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=L.R. |date=1986 |title=The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=286–287 |doi=10.1086/203439 |s2cid=144426218}} *   == Dubi kuma == * Kalandar Borana == Manazarta == t1t7645cn4yqty8skf1llbgqmrntm7q 841160 841159 2026-05-28T07:59:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 841160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan yanar gizon Nasura Pillar,''' wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin GcJh3 kuma an fi sani da Namoratunga II, wani shafin binciken archaeological ne a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a Kenya wanda ya fara ne da Pastoral Neolithic . Namoratunga na nufin "mutane na dutse" a cikin [[Harshen Turkana]]. Da farko an yi imanin cewa an halicci shafin ne a kusa da 300 BC, amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya samar da samfurin radiocarbon wanda ya kasance shekaru 2398 +/- 44 BC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shafin yana da nisan kilomita 50 daga babbar hanyar Lodwar - Kalokol, kuma ana iya ganinsa a kan mita 30 (98 daga hanya. Gidan Kalokol Pillar ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 19 na basalt waɗanda ke kewaye da tsarin zagaye na duwatsu. Sauran wuraren ginshiƙai da yawa sun kewaye Tafkin Turkana kuma sun kasance a lokaci guda; Lothagam North da Manemanya, alal misali, makabarta ne na al'umma. Wadannan shafuka masu yiwuwa ne suka gina su ta hanyar makiyaya na farko na yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani wurin binnewa tare da dutse cairns, Namoratunga I, <ref><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Nowrap|{{coord|2|23|0.04|N|36|8|2.52|E|region:KE_type:landmark|display=inline}}}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Lokori, ba shi da ginshiƙan dutse. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubiak |first=M. |date=1982 |title=Eclipse at Namoratunga |journal=The Observatory |volume=102 |page=211 |bibcode=1982Obs...102..210K}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Helaine Selin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref> Masana binciken kayan tarihi Mark Lynch da L.H. Robbins sun bayyana shafin yanar gizon Kalokol a cikin 1978 kuma sun gano shi a matsayin yiwuwar shafin Archaeoastronomical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L. H. |last2=Lynch |first2=B. M. |date=1978-05-19 |title=Namoratunga: The First Archeoastronomical Evidence in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Science |language=en |volume=200 |issue=4343 |pages=766–768 |bibcode=1978Sci...200..766L |doi=10.1126/science.200.4343.766 |issn=1095-9203 |pmid=17743241 |s2cid=31531630}}</ref> Lynch ya yi imanin cewa ginshiƙan basalt suna ɗaure taurari ko taurari zuwa kalandar wata 12 na kwanaki 354 na masu magana da Cushitic na kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. An ce ginshiƙan sun haɗa da tsarin taurari bakwai: Triangulum, Pleiades, Bellatrix, Aldebaran, [[Orion (ƙungiya)|Orion]] ta Tsakiya, Saiph, da Sirius. Sauran masu binciken tarihi sun sake nazarin shaidar archaeoastronomical, kuma tsohuwar kwanan wata radiocarbon daga Kalokol Pillar Site yanzu yana tambayar waɗannan fassarorin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=Laurance R. |last2=Wilcox |first2=Thomas J. |date=1986 |title=Statistical Analysis of Namoratunga: An Archaeoastronomical Site in Sub-Saharan Africa? |journal=Azania |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=125–129 |doi=10.1080/00672708609511373}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> An gabatar da shafin ne a hukumance ga Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarihin Lissafi na Farko a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023. == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=L.R. |date=1986 |title=The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=286–287 |doi=10.1086/203439 |s2cid=144426218}} *   == Dubi kuma == * Kalandar Borana == Manazarta == gqc4c500c6pfx4ocjgli0u4uxieuwfj 841163 841160 2026-05-28T07:59:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 841163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Gidan yanar gizon Nasura Pillar,''' wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin GcJh3 kuma an fi sani da Namoratunga II, wani shafin binciken archaeological ne a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a Kenya wanda ya fara ne da Pastoral Neolithic . Namoratunga na nufin "mutane na dutse" a cikin [[Harshen Turkana]]. Da farko an yi imanin cewa an halicci shafin ne a kusa da 300 BC, amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya samar da samfurin radiocarbon wanda ya kasance shekaru 2398 +/- 44 BC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shafin yana da nisan kilomita 50 daga babbar hanyar Lodwar - Kalokol, kuma ana iya ganinsa a kan mita 30 (98 daga hanya. Gidan Kalokol Pillar ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 19 na basalt waɗanda ke kewaye da tsarin zagaye na duwatsu. Sauran wuraren ginshiƙai da yawa sun kewaye Tafkin Turkana kuma sun kasance a lokaci guda; Lothagam North da Manemanya, alal misali, makabarta ne na al'umma. Wadannan shafuka masu yiwuwa ne suka gina su ta hanyar makiyaya na farko na yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani wurin binnewa tare da dutse cairns, Namoratunga I, <ref><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Nowrap|{{coord|2|23|0.04|N|36|8|2.52|E|region:KE_type:landmark|display=inline}}}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Lokori, ba shi da ginshiƙan dutse. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kubiak |first=M. |date=1982 |title=Eclipse at Namoratunga |journal=The Observatory |volume=102 |page=211 |bibcode=1982Obs...102..210K}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Helaine Selin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref> Masana binciken kayan tarihi Mark Lynch da L.H. Robbins sun bayyana shafin yanar gizon Kalokol a cikin 1978 kuma sun gano shi a matsayin yiwuwar shafin Archaeoastronomical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L. H. |last2=Lynch |first2=B. M. |date=1978-05-19 |title=Namoratunga: The First Archeoastronomical Evidence in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Science |language=en |volume=200 |issue=4343 |pages=766–768 |bibcode=1978Sci...200..766L |doi=10.1126/science.200.4343.766 |issn=1095-9203 |pmid=17743241 |s2cid=31531630}}</ref> Lynch ya yi imanin cewa ginshiƙan basalt suna ɗaure taurari ko taurari zuwa kalandar wata 12 na kwanaki 354 na masu magana da Cushitic na kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. An ce ginshiƙan sun haɗa da tsarin taurari bakwai: Triangulum, Pleiades, Bellatrix, Aldebaran, [[Orion (ƙungiya)|Orion]] ta Tsakiya, Saiph, da Sirius. Sauran masu binciken tarihi sun sake nazarin shaidar archaeoastronomical, kuma tsohuwar kwanan wata radiocarbon daga Kalokol Pillar Site yanzu yana tambayar waɗannan fassarorin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=Laurance R. |last2=Wilcox |first2=Thomas J. |date=1986 |title=Statistical Analysis of Namoratunga: An Archaeoastronomical Site in Sub-Saharan Africa? |journal=Azania |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=125–129 |doi=10.1080/00672708609511373}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651}}</ref> An gabatar da shafin ne a hukumance ga Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarihin Lissafi na Farko a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023. == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Doyle |first=L.R. |date=1986 |title=The Borana Calendar Reinterpreted |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=286–287 |doi=10.1086/203439 |s2cid=144426218}} *   == Dubi kuma == * Kalandar Borana == Manazarta == j8zz299jnxcannv6mp949jqt7101y0i 0 152598 841161 2026-05-28T07:59:20Z AKA024 30597 Sabon shafi 841161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sana’ar hannu''' (Handicraft) wata tsohuwar muhimmiyar ɓangare ce ta sana’o’in ƙere-ƙere, kuma tana nufin fannoni daban-daban na fasaha da ƙira waɗanda suka shafi samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu da kuma ƙwarewa. Wannan ya haɗa da aiki da yadudduka, kayan da ake iya lanƙwasawa ko sassakawa, takarda, zaruruwan tsirrai, yumɓu da sauran makamantansu. Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin sana’o’in hannu shi ne <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Dhokra<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wata hanyar sarrafa ƙarafa ta hanyar zubawa cikin ƙira, wadda aka daɗe ana amfani da ita a ƙasar Indiya fiye da shekaru 5,000, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da yin ta. Haka kuma, a yankin Baluchistan na Iran, mata har yanzu suna ƙera tukwane da hannu masu launin ja tare da kawata su da ɗigon zane-zane, wani salo mai kama da tsohuwar al’adar tukwane ta Kalpouregan mai shekaru kusan 4,000, wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi da ke kusa da ƙauyen Kalpouregan. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da kalmar sana’ar hannu ne wajen bayyana hanyoyin gargajiya na ƙera kayayyaki, ko domin amfanin kai tsaye ko kuma domin sayarwa, waɗanda suke haɗa amfani da kyau da kuma anfani a lokaci guda. Masana’antun sana’ar hannu kuwa su ne waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu domin biyan buƙatun al’umma a yankinsu ba tare da amfani da injuna ba. 4o6352i4czh91ajp4inz5jw02vqt595 841165 841161 2026-05-28T08:00:51Z AKA024 30597 841165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sana’ar hannu''' (Handicraft) wata tsohuwar muhimmiyar ɓangare ce ta sana’o’in ƙere-ƙere, kuma tana nufin fannoni daban-daban na fasaha da ƙira waɗanda suka shafi samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu da kuma ƙwarewa. Wannan ya haɗa da aiki da yadudduka, kayan da ake iya lanƙwasawa ko sassakawa, takarda, zaruruwan tsirrai, yumɓu da sauran makamantansu. Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin sana’o’in hannu shi ne <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Dhokra<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wata hanyar sarrafa ƙarafa ta hanyar zubawa cikin ƙira, wadda aka daɗe ana amfani da ita a ƙasar Indiya fiye da shekaru 5,000, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da yin ta. Haka kuma, a yankin Baluchistan na Iran, mata har yanzu suna ƙera tukwane da hannu masu launin ja tare da kawata su da ɗigon zane-zane, wani salo mai kama da tsohuwar al’adar tukwane ta Kalpouregan mai shekaru kusan 4,000, wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi da ke kusa da ƙauyen Kalpouregan. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da kalmar sana’ar hannu ne wajen bayyana hanyoyin gargajiya na ƙera kayayyaki, ko domin amfanin kai tsaye ko kuma domin sayarwa, waɗanda suke haɗa amfani da kyau da kuma anfani a lokaci guda. Masana’antun sana’ar hannu kuwa su ne waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu domin biyan buƙatun al’umma a yankinsu ba tare da amfani da injuna ba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=On State Street, "Maker" Movement Arrives |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/make_haven/id_46594 |date=April 30, 2012 |author=Thomas MacMillan |work=New Haven Independent |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaiacollection.com/ |title=Gaia Handicraft |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026083037/http://www.gaiacollection.com/ |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Invent To Learn|last=Martinez|first=Sylvia|publisher=Constructing Modern Knowledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-9891511-0-8|location=Torrance, CA|pages=32–35}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dugang |first1=Lilia |title=Handicraft |url=https://handicraftsmv.weebly.com/types-of-handicrafts.html |website=Vocabulary}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} pz0wsewj17epgzgtr9d1i6m81xsj01f 841171 841165 2026-05-28T08:01:42Z AKA024 30597 841171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sana’ar hannu''' (Handicraft) wata tsohuwar muhimmiyar ɓangare ce ta sana’o’in ƙere-ƙere, kuma tana nufin fannoni daban-daban na fasaha da ƙira waɗanda suka shafi samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu da kuma ƙwarewa. Wannan ya haɗa da aiki da yadudduka, kayan da ake iya lanƙwasawa ko sassakawa, takarda, zaruruwan tsirrai, yumɓu da sauran makamantansu. Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin sana’o’in hannu shi ne <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Dhokra<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wata hanyar sarrafa ƙarafa ta hanyar zubawa cikin ƙira, wadda aka daɗe ana amfani da ita a ƙasar Indiya fiye da shekaru 5,000, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da yin ta. Haka kuma, a yankin Baluchistan na Iran, mata har yanzu suna ƙera tukwane da hannu masu launin ja tare da kawata su da ɗigon zane-zane, wani salo mai kama da tsohuwar al’adar tukwane ta Kalpouregan mai shekaru kusan 4,000, wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi da ke kusa da ƙauyen Kalpouregan. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da kalmar sana’ar hannu ne wajen bayyana hanyoyin gargajiya na ƙera kayayyaki, ko domin amfanin kai tsaye ko kuma domin sayarwa, waɗanda suke haɗa amfani da kyau da kuma anfani a lokaci guda. Masana’antun sana’ar hannu kuwa su ne waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hannu domin biyan buƙatun al’umma a yankinsu ba tare da amfani da injuna ba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=On State Street, "Maker" Movement Arrives |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/make_haven/id_46594 |date=April 30, 2012 |author=Thomas MacMillan |work=New Haven Independent |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaiacollection.com/ |title=Gaia Handicraft |access-date=November 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026083037/http://www.gaiacollection.com/ |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Invent To Learn|last=Martinez|first=Sylvia|publisher=Constructing Modern Knowledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-9891511-0-8|location=Torrance, CA|pages=32–35}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dugang |first1=Lilia |title=Handicraft |url=https://handicraftsmv.weebly.com/types-of-handicrafts.html |website=Vocabulary}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} arcec8ljxn780jh08xntaxmra51exdv 0 152599 841162 2026-05-28T07:59:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349788733|Basse Santa Su]]" 841162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basse Santa Su''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Basse''', gari ne a [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]], yana gefen kudu na [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] . Babban birni ne mafi girma a gabashin ƙasar, an san shi da muhimmiyar kasuwarsa. Basse ita ce babban birnin Sashen Kogin Upper, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙaramar hukumar Basse. Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, garin yana da kimanin mutane 18,414. A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta 2013, ƙaramar hukumar Basse tana da mazauna 243,791. <ref name="GBoS 2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=Distribution of Population by Gender and LGA |url=https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321045621/https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=GBoS}}</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar tarihin baka, mutanen farko da suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankin Gambiya, wato dangin Fati, sun zauna a [[Tumana, Gambia|Tumana]] kusa da Basse. Daga baya sun yi aiki a matsayin masu masaukin baki da/ko wakilai ga masu ƙaura na gaba, waɗanda wataƙila sun haɗa da Tiramakhan Traore . A wannan lokacin Basse ta kasance cibiyar kasuwancin yankin da ke kawo goro da barkonon Guinea zuwa arewa daga abin da yanzu ake kira [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] da kuma kifin [[gishiri]] da gishiri a kogin daga bakin teku. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooke |first=George E. |date=August 1985 |title=WESTERN AFRICA TO c1860 A.D. A PROVISIONAL HISTORICAL SCHW BASED ON CLIMATE PERIODS |journal=Indiana University African Studies Program |page=91-92}}</ref> An buɗe gadar da ta ratsa [[Kogin Gambiya|kogin Gambia]], wadda gwamnatin China ta dauki nauyinta, a watan Oktoban 2021. [[Fayil:Gambia-Basse.png|alt=Location of the Basse Local Government Area in the Gambia|right|300x300px|Wurin da karamar hukumar Basse take a Gambia]] == Yanayi == Basse Santa Su tana da yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ), kusan bushewa har ta kai ga yanayin zafi mai ɗan bushewa ( ''BSh'' ) tare da kusan babu ruwan sama daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu da kuma ruwan sama mai yawa daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba.<gallery> Fayil:Gambia_093_from_KG.jpg|alt=Basse riverside in 2000| bakin kogin Basse a shekarar 2000 Fayil:Basse_Bridge.jpg|alt=Basse riverside in 2021, showing the new bridge| Basse Riverside a shekarar 2021, yana nuna sabuwar gadar Fayil:2521454-Things_To_Do-The_Gambia.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == nv9t04vuf538be18hp3ye5f1vtr1hnj 841164 841162 2026-05-28T07:59:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Basse Santa Su''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Basse''', gari ne a [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]], yana gefen kudu na [[Kogin Gambiya|Kogin Gambia]] . Babban birni ne mafi girma a gabashin ƙasar, an san shi da muhimmiyar kasuwarsa. Basse ita ce babban birnin Sashen Kogin Upper, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙaramar hukumar Basse. Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, garin yana da kimanin mutane 18,414. A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta 2013, ƙaramar hukumar Basse tana da mazauna 243,791. <ref name="GBoS 2017">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=Distribution of Population by Gender and LGA |url=https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321045621/https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-population-by-gender-and-lga |archive-date=2022-03-21 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=GBoS}}</ref> == Tarihi == A cewar tarihin baka, mutanen farko da suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankin Gambiya, wato dangin Fati, sun zauna a [[Tumana, Gambia|Tumana]] kusa da Basse. Daga baya sun yi aiki a matsayin masu masaukin baki da/ko wakilai ga masu ƙaura na gaba, waɗanda wataƙila sun haɗa da Tiramakhan Traore . A wannan lokacin Basse ta kasance cibiyar kasuwancin yankin da ke kawo goro da barkonon Guinea zuwa arewa daga abin da yanzu ake kira [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] da kuma kifin [[gishiri]] da gishiri a kogin daga bakin teku. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooke |first=George E. |date=August 1985 |title=WESTERN AFRICA TO c1860 A.D. A PROVISIONAL HISTORICAL SCHW BASED ON CLIMATE PERIODS |journal=Indiana University African Studies Program |page=91-92}}</ref> An buɗe gadar da ta ratsa [[Kogin Gambiya|kogin Gambia]], wadda gwamnatin China ta dauki nauyinta, a watan Oktoban 2021. [[Fayil:Gambia-Basse.png|alt=Location of the Basse Local Government Area in the Gambia|right|300x300px|Wurin da karamar hukumar Basse take a Gambia]] == Yanayi == Basse Santa Su tana da yanayin savanna na wurare masu zafi ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ), kusan bushewa har ta kai ga yanayin zafi mai ɗan bushewa ( ''BSh'' ) tare da kusan babu ruwan sama daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu da kuma ruwan sama mai yawa daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba.<gallery> Fayil:Gambia_093_from_KG.jpg|alt=Basse riverside in 2000| bakin kogin Basse a shekarar 2000 Fayil:Basse_Bridge.jpg|alt=Basse riverside in 2021, showing the new bridge| Basse Riverside a shekarar 2021, yana nuna sabuwar gadar Fayil:2521454-Things_To_Do-The_Gambia.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == mtl6xyew4jze6ipeg105y00jk7fen3x 0 152600 841166 2026-05-28T08:00:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345335987|KBS Tuff]]" 841166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''KBS tuff''' (Kay Behrensmeyer Site Tuff) wani layin toka ne a cikin tsaunuka na Rift Valley na Gabashin Afirka, wanda aka samo daga fashewar dutsen da ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.87 da suka gabata (Ma). An rarraba tuff a ko'ina cikin ƙasa, kuma yana nuna babban canji tsakanin kwararar ruwa da yanayin muhalli da ke kewaye da [[Tafkin Turkana]] jim kadan bayan 2 Ma. Tsakanin 1970 da 1985 shekarun tuff shine batun rikice-rikice na ilimi, tare da kwanakin da dama da aka gabatar ta hanyar dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na geochemical da paleontological. Wannan takaddamar ta zama sananniya da KBS Tuff Controversy. An bayyana KBS Tuff a matsayin "mafi shahararren alamar tephrostratigraphic na Turkana Basin".<ref name="feibel2011">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |date=2011 |title=A Geological History of the Turkana Basin |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=206–216 |citeseerx=10.1.1.714.5589 |doi=10.1002/evan.20331 |pmid=22170690}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:National_Museums_of_Kenya_Koobi_Fora_Hq.jpg|thumb|Ofisoshin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya Koobi Fora da sansanin, Sibiloi National Park. Ana samun KBS Tuff a Koobi Fora.]] Kay Behrensmeyer ne ya fara bayar da rahoton KBS Tuff kuma ya bayyana shi (saboda haka "KBS", Kay Behrens Meyer Site) a cikin datti da ke cikin ajiyar Omo Group a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da arewacin [[Kenya]]. A cikin wannan babbar rukuni, an sami KBS a cikin Shungura Formation a kudancin Habasha, A cikin Nachukui Formation a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya, da kuma a cikin [[Koobi Fora Formation]] a gabashin Tafkin Turkan.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Shekaru da jerin lokutan == Argon-argon Dating ya sanya shekarun KBS Tuff a 1.869 ± 0.021 Ma.<ref name="bmg0213">{{Cite book|edition=John}}</ref> Wannan ƙididdigar shekaru tana tallafawa ta Hanyar fashewa mai zaman kanta da hanyoyin K / K/Ar Dating.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> KBS tana sama da tsofaffin Kangaki (2.063 Ma), G-3 (2.188 Ma) da Kalochoro (2.331 Ma) tuffs, kuma a ƙasa da ƙaramin Malbe (1.843 Ma), Morutot (1.607 Ma) da Lower Ileret (1.527 Ma) tuff. <ref name="bmg0213" /> A wasu wurare an sami tuffs tare da sinadarai masu kama da tuff na KBS a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, suna nuna cewa zubar da yadudduka ya faru a lokuta daban-daban bayan fashewa.<ref name="feibel1989" /> A cikin ajiyar rukuni na Omo, KBS tuff ya raba mambobi daban-daban na tsarin Nachukui da Foobi Fora. A cikin tsarin Nachukui (yamma), KBS ya raba tsohuwar Kalochoro daga ƙaramin memba na Kaitio. A cikin tsarin Koobi Fora, ya raba Burgi da ya tsufa daga ƙaramin memba na KBS. <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Yanayin muhalli == KBS Tuff alama ce ta sauyawa a cikin Turkana Basin daga bargo zuwa tafkin da ke canzawa, wani bangare ya cika da kogi da tsarin delta zuwa arewa da gabashin kwandon.<ref name="RHC1994">{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Michael |last2=Harris |first2=John |last3=Craig |first3=Feibel |date=1994 |title=Changing patterns land use Plio-Pleistocene hominids Lake Turkana Basin |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=27 |pages=139–158 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1994.1039}}</ref> == Ragowar hominin da aka haɗa == A Koobi Fora, a gefen gabashin Tafkin Turkana, an sami adadi mai yawa na burbushin hominin nan da nan a ƙasa ko sama da KBS Tuff . <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFeibelBrownMcDougall1989">Feibel, Craig; Brown, Francis; McDougall, Ian (1989). "Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia". ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology''. '''78''' (4): <span class="nowrap">595–</span>622. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330780412|10.1002/ajpa.1330780412]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2712166 2712166].</cite></ref> An ba da jerin sunayen da ke ƙasa, gami da wasu samfurori daga arewa da yammacin Tafkin Turkana.   == Rikici na KBS Tuff == An fara rubuta KBS Tuff a shekarar 1969, bayan Behrensmeyer ya gano kayan aikin dutse a Koobi Fora a cikin Layer na Tuff. Frank Fitch ne ya yi Argon / Argon dating a Kwalejin Birckbeck da ke London da Jack Miller a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Cambridge, Burtaniya, wanda ya sami yiwuwar shekaru 2.61 Ma don fashewar KBS.<ref name="fitchmiller">{{Cite journal |last=Fitch |first=FJ |last2=Miller |first2=JA |date=1970 |title=Radioisotopic Age Determinations of Lake Rudolf Artefact Site |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5242 |pages=226–228 |doi=10.1038/226226a0 |pmid=16057186}}</ref> Wannan binciken yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga al'ummar ilimin ɗan adam saboda ya ba da tsufa sosai ga kayan aikin da Behresmeyer ya samu, da kuma ƙwayar da ke da alaƙa da KNM-ER 1470, wanda aka danganta ga jinsin Homo. An kira ranar ne saboda kokarin sake maimaita binciken ya haifar da shekarun KBS Tuff daga kasa da 1 zuwa sama da 220 Ma. Nazarin jikin alade daga shafin, na Vincent Maglio da Basil Cooke, sun ba da shawarar shekaru kusa da 2 Ma ko ma ƙasa da haka, ta amfani da hanyoyin biogeochronology. Irin wannan binciken ta amfani da ragowar antelope da Alan Gentry ya yi a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Burtaniya kuma ya saba wa Argon-Argon 2.6 Ma Tuff.<ref name="lewin" /> Wani matsala da ya fito shi ne cewa kwanan wata 2.6 Ma na KBS Tuff, wanda Fitch da Miller suka bayar, sun daidaita Koobi Fora (gabas Turkana) geochronology tare da Omo (arewacin Turkana) geochronology ba zai yiwu ba.<ref name="lewin" /> An warware rikicin ne bayan masanin ilimin ƙasa Garniss Curtis da ɗalibinsa Thure E. Cerling sun gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa game da shekarun KBS Tuff ta amfani da Argon-Argon da Potassium-Argon dating a Berkeley Geochronology Laboratory. Curtis da Cerling sun gano cewa kayan da ƙungiyar Cambridge ta tsara a zahiri sun kasance daga tuffs biyu daban-daban, waɗanda suka kiyasta a 1.8 da 1.6 Ma. Wannan kwanan wata an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Potassium-Argon dating wanda Ian McDougall ya gudanar, kuma daga baya Fission-Track dating wanda Andy Gleadow ya gudanar.<ref name="gleadow280">{{Cite journal |last=Gleadow |first=Andrew |date=1980 |title=Fission track age of the KBS Tuff and associated hominid remains in northern Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=284 |issue=5753 |pages=225–230 |bibcode=1980Natur.284..225G |doi=10.1038/284225a0}}</ref><ref name="mcdougall85">{{Cite journal |last=McDougall |first=Ian |date=1985 |title=K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the hominid-bearing Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence at Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, northern Kenya |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=159 |bibcode=1985GSAB...96..159M |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<159:KAADOT>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9616fm5ro347x0ddps46y97mualgbns 841168 841166 2026-05-28T08:01:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 841168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''KBS tuff''' (Kay Behrensmeyer Site Tuff) wani layin toka ne a cikin tsaunuka na Rift Valley na Gabashin Afirka, wanda aka samo daga fashewar dutsen da ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.87 da suka gabata (Ma). An rarraba tuff a ko'ina cikin ƙasa, kuma yana nuna babban canji tsakanin kwararar ruwa da yanayin muhalli da ke kewaye da [[Tafkin Turkana]] jim kadan bayan 2 Ma. Tsakanin 1970 da 1985 shekarun tuff shine batun rikice-rikice na ilimi, tare da kwanakin da dama da aka gabatar ta hanyar dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na geochemical da paleontological. Wannan takaddamar ta zama sananniya da KBS Tuff Controversy. An bayyana KBS Tuff a matsayin "mafi shahararren alamar tephrostratigraphic na Turkana Basin".<ref name="feibel2011">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |date=2011 |title=A Geological History of the Turkana Basin |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=206–216 |citeseerx=10.1.1.714.5589 |doi=10.1002/evan.20331 |pmid=22170690}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:National_Museums_of_Kenya_Koobi_Fora_Hq.jpg|thumb|Ofisoshin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya Koobi Fora da sansanin, Sibiloi National Park. Ana samun KBS Tuff a Koobi Fora.]] Kay Behrensmeyer ne ya fara bayar da rahoton KBS Tuff kuma ya bayyana shi (saboda haka "KBS", Kay Behrens Meyer Site) a cikin datti da ke cikin ajiyar Omo Group a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da arewacin [[Kenya]]. A cikin wannan babbar rukuni, an sami KBS a cikin Shungura Formation a kudancin Habasha, A cikin Nachukui Formation a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya, da kuma a cikin [[Koobi Fora Formation]] a gabashin Tafkin Turkan.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Shekaru da jerin lokutan == Argon-argon Dating ya sanya shekarun KBS Tuff a 1.869 ± 0.021 Ma.<ref name="bmg0213">{{Cite book|edition=John}}</ref> Wannan ƙididdigar shekaru tana tallafawa ta Hanyar fashewa mai zaman kanta da hanyoyin K / K/Ar Dating.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> KBS tana sama da tsofaffin Kangaki (2.063 Ma), G-3 (2.188 Ma) da Kalochoro (2.331 Ma) tuffs, kuma a ƙasa da ƙaramin Malbe (1.843 Ma), Morutot (1.607 Ma) da Lower Ileret (1.527 Ma) tuff. <ref name="bmg0213" /> A wasu wurare an sami tuffs tare da sinadarai masu kama da tuff na KBS a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, suna nuna cewa zubar da yadudduka ya faru a lokuta daban-daban bayan fashewa.<ref name="feibel1989" /> A cikin ajiyar rukuni na Omo, KBS tuff ya raba mambobi daban-daban na tsarin Nachukui da Foobi Fora. A cikin tsarin Nachukui (yamma), KBS ya raba tsohuwar Kalochoro daga ƙaramin memba na Kaitio. A cikin tsarin Koobi Fora, ya raba Burgi da ya tsufa daga ƙaramin memba na KBS. <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Yanayin muhalli == KBS Tuff alama ce ta sauyawa a cikin Turkana Basin daga bargo zuwa tafkin da ke canzawa, wani bangare ya cika da kogi da tsarin delta zuwa arewa da gabashin kwandon.<ref name="RHC1994">{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Michael |last2=Harris |first2=John |last3=Craig |first3=Feibel |date=1994 |title=Changing patterns land use Plio-Pleistocene hominids Lake Turkana Basin |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=27 |pages=139–158 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1994.1039}}</ref> == Ragowar hominin da aka haɗa == A Koobi Fora, a gefen gabashin Tafkin Turkana, an sami adadi mai yawa na burbushin hominin nan da nan a ƙasa ko sama da KBS Tuff . <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFeibelBrownMcDougall1989">Feibel, Craig; Brown, Francis; McDougall, Ian (1989). "Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia". ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology''. '''78''' (4): <span class="nowrap">595–</span>622. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330780412|10.1002/ajpa.1330780412]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2712166 2712166].</cite></ref> An ba da jerin sunayen da ke ƙasa, gami da wasu samfurori daga arewa da yammacin Tafkin Turkana.   == Rikici na KBS Tuff == An fara rubuta KBS Tuff a shekarar 1969, bayan Behrensmeyer ya gano kayan aikin dutse a Koobi Fora a cikin Layer na Tuff. Frank Fitch ne ya yi Argon / Argon dating a Kwalejin Birckbeck da ke London da Jack Miller a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Cambridge, Burtaniya, wanda ya sami yiwuwar shekaru 2.61 Ma don fashewar KBS.<ref name="fitchmiller">{{Cite journal |last=Fitch |first=FJ |last2=Miller |first2=JA |date=1970 |title=Radioisotopic Age Determinations of Lake Rudolf Artefact Site |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5242 |pages=226–228 |doi=10.1038/226226a0 |pmid=16057186}}</ref> Wannan binciken yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga al'ummar ilimin ɗan adam saboda ya ba da tsufa sosai ga kayan aikin da Behresmeyer ya samu, da kuma ƙwayar da ke da alaƙa da KNM-ER 1470, wanda aka danganta ga jinsin Homo. An kira ranar ne saboda kokarin sake maimaita binciken ya haifar da shekarun KBS Tuff daga kasa da 1 zuwa sama da 220 Ma. Nazarin jikin alade daga shafin, na Vincent Maglio da Basil Cooke, sun ba da shawarar shekaru kusa da 2 Ma ko ma ƙasa da haka, ta amfani da hanyoyin biogeochronology. Irin wannan binciken ta amfani da ragowar antelope da Alan Gentry ya yi a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Burtaniya kuma ya saba wa Argon-Argon 2.6 Ma Tuff.<ref name="lewin" /> Wani matsala da ya fito shi ne cewa kwanan wata 2.6 Ma na KBS Tuff, wanda Fitch da Miller suka bayar, sun daidaita Koobi Fora (gabas Turkana) geochronology tare da Omo (arewacin Turkana) geochronology ba zai yiwu ba.<ref name="lewin" /> An warware rikicin ne bayan masanin ilimin ƙasa Garniss Curtis da ɗalibinsa Thure E. Cerling sun gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa game da shekarun KBS Tuff ta amfani da Argon-Argon da Potassium-Argon dating a Berkeley Geochronology Laboratory. Curtis da Cerling sun gano cewa kayan da ƙungiyar Cambridge ta tsara a zahiri sun kasance daga tuffs biyu daban-daban, waɗanda suka kiyasta a 1.8 da 1.6 Ma. Wannan kwanan wata an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Potassium-Argon dating wanda Ian McDougall ya gudanar, kuma daga baya Fission-Track dating wanda Andy Gleadow ya gudanar.<ref name="gleadow280">{{Cite journal |last=Gleadow |first=Andrew |date=1980 |title=Fission track age of the KBS Tuff and associated hominid remains in northern Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=284 |issue=5753 |pages=225–230 |bibcode=1980Natur.284..225G |doi=10.1038/284225a0}}</ref><ref name="mcdougall85">{{Cite journal |last=McDougall |first=Ian |date=1985 |title=K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the hominid-bearing Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence at Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, northern Kenya |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=159 |bibcode=1985GSAB...96..159M |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<159:KAADOT>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>h == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mg0iu491i1axfy4yagb0kx56q3sa23m 841170 841168 2026-05-28T08:01:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 841170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''KBS tuff''' (Kay Behrensmeyer Site Tuff) wani layin toka ne a cikin tsaunuka na Rift Valley na Gabashin Afirka, wanda aka samo daga fashewar dutsen da ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.87 da suka gabata (Ma). An rarraba tuff a ko'ina cikin ƙasa, kuma yana nuna babban canji tsakanin kwararar ruwa da yanayin muhalli da ke kewaye da [[Tafkin Turkana]] jim kadan bayan 2 Ma. Tsakanin 1970 da 1985 shekarun tuff shine batun rikice-rikice na ilimi, tare da kwanakin da dama da aka gabatar ta hanyar dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na geochemical da paleontological. Wannan takaddamar ta zama sananniya da KBS Tuff Controversy. An bayyana KBS Tuff a matsayin "mafi shahararren alamar tephrostratigraphic na Turkana Basin".<ref name="feibel2011">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |date=2011 |title=A Geological History of the Turkana Basin |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=206–216 |citeseerx=10.1.1.714.5589 |doi=10.1002/evan.20331 |pmid=22170690}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:National_Museums_of_Kenya_Koobi_Fora_Hq.jpg|thumb|Ofisoshin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya Koobi Fora da sansanin, Sibiloi National Park. Ana samun KBS Tuff a Koobi Fora.]] Kay Behrensmeyer ne ya fara bayar da rahoton KBS Tuff kuma ya bayyana shi (saboda haka "KBS", Kay Behrens Meyer Site) a cikin datti da ke cikin ajiyar Omo Group a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da arewacin [[Kenya]]. A cikin wannan babbar rukuni, an sami KBS a cikin Shungura Formation a kudancin Habasha, A cikin Nachukui Formation a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya, da kuma a cikin [[Koobi Fora Formation]] a gabashin Tafkin Turkan.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Shekaru da jerin lokutan == Argon-argon Dating ya sanya shekarun KBS Tuff a 1.869 ± 0.021 Ma.<ref name="bmg0213">{{Cite book|edition=John}}</ref> Wannan ƙididdigar shekaru tana tallafawa ta Hanyar fashewa mai zaman kanta da hanyoyin K / K/Ar Dating.<ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> KBS tana sama da tsofaffin Kangaki (2.063 Ma), G-3 (2.188 Ma) da Kalochoro (2.331 Ma) tuffs, kuma a ƙasa da ƙaramin Malbe (1.843 Ma), Morutot (1.607 Ma) da Lower Ileret (1.527 Ma) tuff. <ref name="bmg0213" /> A wasu wurare an sami tuffs tare da sinadarai masu kama da tuff na KBS a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, suna nuna cewa zubar da yadudduka ya faru a lokuta daban-daban bayan fashewa.<ref name="feibel1989" /> A cikin ajiyar rukuni na Omo, KBS tuff ya raba mambobi daban-daban na tsarin Nachukui da Foobi Fora. A cikin tsarin Nachukui (yamma), KBS ya raba tsohuwar Kalochoro daga ƙaramin memba na Kaitio. A cikin tsarin Koobi Fora, ya raba Burgi da ya tsufa daga ƙaramin memba na KBS. <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}</ref> == Yanayin muhalli == KBS Tuff alama ce ta sauyawa a cikin Turkana Basin daga bargo zuwa tafkin da ke canzawa, wani bangare ya cika da kogi da tsarin delta zuwa arewa da gabashin kwandon.<ref name="RHC1994">{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Michael |last2=Harris |first2=John |last3=Craig |first3=Feibel |date=1994 |title=Changing patterns land use Plio-Pleistocene hominids Lake Turkana Basin |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=27 |pages=139–158 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1994.1039}}</ref> == Ragowar hominin da aka haɗa == A Koobi Fora, a gefen gabashin Tafkin Turkana, an sami adadi mai yawa na burbushin hominin nan da nan a ƙasa ko sama da KBS Tuff . <ref name="feibel1989">{{Cite journal |last=Feibel |first=Craig |last2=Brown |first2=Francis |last3=McDougall |first3=Ian |date=1989 |title=Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=595–622 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330780412 |pmid=2712166}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFeibelBrownMcDougall1989">Feibel, Craig; Brown, Francis; McDougall, Ian (1989). "Stratigraphic Context of Fossil Hominids From the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia". ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology''. '''78''' (4): <span class="nowrap">595–</span>622. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330780412|10.1002/ajpa.1330780412]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2712166 2712166].</cite></ref> An ba da jerin sunayen da ke ƙasa, gami da wasu samfurori daga arewa da yammacin Tafkin Turkana.   == Rikici na KBS Tuff == An fara rubuta KBS Tuff a shekarar 1969, bayan Behrensmeyer ya gano kayan aikin dutse a Koobi Fora a cikin Layer na Tuff. Frank Fitch ne ya yi Argon / Argon dating a Kwalejin Birckbeck da ke London da Jack Miller a Jami'ar Cambridge da ke Cambridge, Burtaniya, wanda ya sami yiwuwar shekaru 2.61 Ma don fashewar KBS.<ref name="fitchmiller">{{Cite journal |last=Fitch |first=FJ |last2=Miller |first2=JA |date=1970 |title=Radioisotopic Age Determinations of Lake Rudolf Artefact Site |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5242 |pages=226–228 |doi=10.1038/226226a0 |pmid=16057186}}</ref> Wannan binciken yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga al'ummar ilimin ɗan adam saboda ya ba da tsufa sosai ga kayan aikin da Behresmeyer ya samu, da kuma ƙwayar da ke da alaƙa da KNM-ER 1470, wanda aka danganta ga jinsin Homo. An kira ranar ne saboda kokarin sake maimaita binciken ya haifar da shekarun KBS Tuff daga kasa da 1 zuwa sama da 220 Ma. Nazarin jikin alade daga shafin, na Vincent Maglio da Basil Cooke, sun ba da shawarar shekaru kusa da 2 Ma ko ma ƙasa da haka, ta amfani da hanyoyin biogeochronology. Irin wannan binciken ta amfani da ragowar antelope da Alan Gentry ya yi a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Burtaniya kuma ya saba wa Argon-Argon 2.6 Ma Tuff.<ref name="lewin" /> Wani matsala da ya fito shi ne cewa kwanan wata 2.6 Ma na KBS Tuff, wanda Fitch da Miller suka bayar, sun daidaita Koobi Fora (gabas Turkana) geochronology tare da Omo (arewacin Turkana) geochronology ba zai yiwu ba.<ref name="lewin" /> An warware rikicin ne bayan masanin ilimin ƙasa Garniss Curtis da ɗalibinsa Thure E. Cerling sun gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa game da shekarun KBS Tuff ta amfani da Argon-Argon da Potassium-Argon dating a Berkeley Geochronology Laboratory. Curtis da Cerling sun gano cewa kayan da ƙungiyar Cambridge ta tsara a zahiri sun kasance daga tuffs biyu daban-daban, waɗanda suka kiyasta a 1.8 da 1.6 Ma. Wannan kwanan wata an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Potassium-Argon dating wanda Ian McDougall ya gudanar, kuma daga baya Fission-Track dating wanda Andy Gleadow ya gudanar.<ref name="gleadow280">{{Cite journal |last=Gleadow |first=Andrew |date=1980 |title=Fission track age of the KBS Tuff and associated hominid remains in northern Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=284 |issue=5753 |pages=225–230 |bibcode=1980Natur.284..225G |doi=10.1038/284225a0}}</ref><ref name="mcdougall85">{{Cite journal |last=McDougall |first=Ian |date=1985 |title=K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the hominid-bearing Pliocene-Pleistocene sequence at Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, northern Kenya |journal=GSA Bulletin |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=159 |bibcode=1985GSAB...96..159M |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<159:KAADOT>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>h == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pscafp5mdkt52m2ztxfunjpeyy660vu 0 152601 841169 2026-05-28T08:01:20Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331083491|Ziguinchor]]" 841169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ziguinchor''' ( ; Wolof {{IPA|wo|siɡˑcɔːɾ|}} ; Arabic ) ita ce babban birnin Yankin Ziguinchor, kuma babban birnin yankin Casamance na [[Senegal]], wanda ke bakin [[Kogin Casamance]] . Tana da yawan jama'a 214,874 (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2023). Ita ce birni na takwas mafi girma a Senegal, amma kusan ƙasar [[Gambiya|Gambia]] ta raba ta da arewacin ƙasar. Ba kamar yankin arewa mai bushewa da kuma busasshiyar ƙasa ba, Ziguinchor yana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna, domin yana ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka . Yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama da ake samu a kowace shekara na kimanin {{Convert|1547|mm|in|0}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=SENEGAL |url=http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/wetlands/pdf/Africa/Region3/SENEGAL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717033456/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/wetlands/pdf/Africa/Region3/SENEGAL.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2010 |access-date=4 October 2012 |publisher=International Water Management Institute}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Akwai kalmomi da dama da suka yi karo da juna game da sunan Ziguinchor. Mafi shaharar sunan ya fito ne daga lokacin da 'yan kasuwa da masu bincike na Portugal suka zo yankin don kafa wurin ciniki. An samo shi ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]], ''Cheguei e choram'', "Na zo suna kuka". Mutanen yankin, ganin Turawa, suka fara kuka, suna tunanin za a bautar da su. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sunan wataƙila ya riga isowar Portugal. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Majiyoyin farko sun ambaci Bainuk na ''Ezigichor'' . Kalmar na iya fitowa daga kalmomin [[Yaren Banyun|harshen Bainuk]] ''"asi nin core,"'' ma'ana "wurare da za a je sun ƙare," wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarshen ƙaura na Bainuk a tarihin gargajiyarsu. Hakanan yana iya fitowa daga ''"ji gi cor,"'' ma'ana "wurin filayen da yawa." == Tarihi == [[Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_02_-_Official_opening_of_a_PAIGC_secondary_school_in_Ziguinchor,_Senegal_-_1974.tif|thumb|An buɗe makarantar sakandare ta [[Jam'iyyar Afirka don neman 'yancin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde|PAIGC]] a Ziguinchor, Senegal – 1974]] Ziguinchor yana zaune a mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren ƙananan kogin Casamance da kuma ƙarshen hanyar jigilar kaya zuwa [[Buguendo]] a kan [[Kogin Cacheu]], kuma wataƙila ya kasance muhimmin wurin ciniki tsawon ƙarni da yawa. A tarihi, ɓangare ne na masarautar Bainuk ta [[Bichangor]], kuma ya shirya babban bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na yanki. {{Sfn|Brooks|1980}} Bayan jerin rikice-rikice kan cinikayya da ke adawa da ''Lancados'', Bainuk, da masarautar Kasa, dangantaka tsakanin tsoffin biyu ta inganta yayin da ikon na biyu ya ragu a shekarun 1580 da 90. Bainuk ta ba wa ''lancados'' damar zama a Casamance a karon farko, wataƙila a Ziguinchor. A shekarar 1609 akwai wani firist mazaunin, kuma a shekarar 1621 ƙaramin al'ummar 'yan kasuwan Portugal sun gina coci kuma suka mayar da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Sfn|Brooks|1980}} Turawan [[Portugal]] ne suka kafa matsugunin Turawa na farko a yankin a shekarar 1645 a matsayin tushen Cacheu wanda mazauna [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], ''Lancados'' da sauran 'yan Afirka-Turai suka mamaye. Manufar Portugal ita ce a sami wurin ciniki da kuma ƙulla alaƙa da ''mansa'' na gida ko sarkin masarautar Kasa . Masu rubuce-rubuce sun bayyana shi a matsayin sarkin da ya fi abokantaka da Portugal a gabar tekun [[Gini|Guinea]] . Sarkin ya fara rayuwa ta hanyar Turai, tare da tebura, kujeru da tufafin yamma. Kotunsa ta haɗa da 'yan kasuwa da dama na Portugal. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ɗaya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake sayarwa shine bayin Afirka, kuma Ziguinchor ya zama [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|tashar jiragen ruwa ta bayi]] a lokacin mafi yawan mulkin Portugal. Wurin ya yi alfahari da sansani mai ɗauke da wasu manyan bindigogi a shekarar 1700, amma bai taɓa zama cibiyar tattalin arziki mai muhimmanci ba. Faransa ta mamaye tsibirin Carabane a ƙasa a shekarar 1836, inda ta tilasta wa jiragen ruwan Portugal su biya haraji a wurin. Duk da ƙoƙarin diflomasiyya da gwamna Honório Barreto ya yi, Portugal ba ta taɓa ƙoƙarin kare ikirarinta na yankin ba. Daga ƙarshe an mayar da Ziguinchor zuwa [[Faransa]] a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1888, inda aka cika yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a [[taron Berlin]] na shekarar 1886. A ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa, Ziguinchor ya zama babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasuwanci, galibi saboda yawan noman gyada da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ƙarfafa a cikin gida. Zuwa shekarar 1900, yankin ya koma Kiristanci, kodayake al'ummomin Sincretist da [[Musulmi]] sun bunƙasa. Noman shinkafa, wanda shine amfanin gona na gargajiya na yankin, ya ji rauni sakamakon yunƙurin gwamnati na noman gyada. Sun tilasta wa yankunan dazuzzuka masu faɗi. Gwamnatin Faransa ta kuma shigo da shinkafa daga noma mai ƙarfi da ta ƙarfafa a Indochina ta Faransa, wanda hakan ya rage kasuwar manyan amfanin gona na Casamance. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ckbln6gd3xhf6528xojtw4q1ub6wgey 841172 841169 2026-05-28T08:02:29Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ziguinchor''' ( ; Wolof {{IPA|wo|siɡˑcɔːɾ|}} ; Arabic ) ita ce babban birnin Yankin Ziguinchor, kuma babban birnin yankin Casamance na [[Senegal]], wanda ke bakin [[Kogin Casamance]] . Tana da yawan jama'a 214,874 (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2023). Ita ce birni na takwas mafi girma a Senegal, amma kusan ƙasar [[Gambiya|Gambia]] ta raba ta da arewacin ƙasar. Ba kamar yankin arewa mai bushewa da kuma busasshiyar ƙasa ba, Ziguinchor yana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna, domin yana ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka . Yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama da ake samu a kowace shekara na kimanin {{Convert|1547|mm|in|0}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=SENEGAL |url=http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/wetlands/pdf/Africa/Region3/SENEGAL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717033456/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/wetlands/pdf/Africa/Region3/SENEGAL.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2010 |access-date=4 October 2012 |publisher=International Water Management Institute}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Akwai kalmomi da dama da suka yi karo da juna game da sunan Ziguinchor. Mafi shaharar sunan ya fito ne daga lokacin da 'yan kasuwa da masu bincike na Portugal suka zo yankin don kafa wurin ciniki. An samo shi ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]], ''Cheguei e choram'', "Na zo suna kuka". Mutanen yankin, ganin Turawa, suka fara kuka, suna tunanin za a bautar da su. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sunan wataƙila ya riga isowar Portugal. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Majiyoyin farko sun ambaci Bainuk na ''Ezigichor'' . Kalmar na iya fitowa daga kalmomin [[Yaren Banyun|harshen Bainuk]] ''"asi nin core,"'' ma'ana "wurare da za a je sun ƙare," wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarshen ƙaura na Bainuk a tarihin gargajiyarsu. Hakanan yana iya fitowa daga ''"ji gi cor,"'' ma'ana "wurin filayen da yawa." == Tarihi == [[Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_02_-_Official_opening_of_a_PAIGC_secondary_school_in_Ziguinchor,_Senegal_-_1974.tif|thumb|An buɗe makarantar sakandare ta [[Jam'iyyar Afirka don neman 'yancin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde|PAIGC]] a Ziguinchor, Senegal – 1974]] Ziguinchor yana zaune a mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren ƙananan kogin Casamance da kuma ƙarshen hanyar jigilar kaya zuwa [[Buguendo]] a kan [[Kogin Cacheu]], kuma wataƙila ya kasance muhimmin wurin ciniki tsawon ƙarni da yawa. A tarihi, ɓangare ne na masarautar Bainuk ta [[Bichangor]], kuma ya shirya babban bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na yanki. {{Sfn|Brooks|1980}} Bayan jerin rikice-rikice kan cinikayya da ke adawa da ''Lancados'', Bainuk, da masarautar Kasa, dangantaka tsakanin tsoffin biyu ta inganta yayin da ikon na biyu ya ragu a shekarun 1580 da 90. Bainuk ta ba wa ''lancados'' damar zama a Casamance a karon farko, wataƙila a Ziguinchor. A shekarar 1609 akwai wani firist mazaunin, kuma a shekarar 1621 ƙaramin al'ummar 'yan kasuwan Portugal sun gina coci kuma suka mayar da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Sfn|Brooks|1980}} Turawan [[Portugal]] ne suka kafa matsugunin Turawa na farko a yankin a shekarar 1645 a matsayin tushen Cacheu wanda mazauna [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], ''Lancados'' da sauran 'yan Afirka-Turai suka mamaye. Manufar Portugal ita ce a sami wurin ciniki da kuma ƙulla alaƙa da ''mansa'' na gida ko sarkin masarautar Kasa . Masu rubuce-rubuce sun bayyana shi a matsayin sarkin da ya fi abokantaka da Portugal a gabar tekun [[Gini|Guinea]] . Sarkin ya fara rayuwa ta hanyar Turai, tare da tebura, kujeru da tufafin yamma. Kotunsa ta haɗa da 'yan kasuwa da dama na Portugal. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ɗaya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake sayarwa shine bayin Afirka, kuma Ziguinchor ya zama [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|tashar jiragen ruwa ta bayi]] a lokacin mafi yawan mulkin Portugal. Wurin ya yi alfahari da sansani mai ɗauke da wasu manyan bindigogi a shekarar 1700, amma bai taɓa zama cibiyar tattalin arziki mai muhimmanci ba. Faransa ta mamaye tsibirin Carabane a ƙasa a shekarar 1836, inda ta tilasta wa jiragen ruwan Portugal su biya haraji a wurin. Duk da ƙoƙarin diflomasiyya da gwamna Honório Barreto ya yi, Portugal ba ta taɓa ƙoƙarin kare ikirarinta na yankin ba. Daga ƙarshe an mayar da Ziguinchor zuwa [[Faransa]] a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1888, inda aka cika yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a [[taron Berlin]] na shekarar 1886. A ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa, Ziguinchor ya zama babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasuwanci, galibi saboda yawan noman gyada da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ƙarfafa a cikin gida. Zuwa shekarar 1900, yankin ya koma Kiristanci, kodayake al'ummomin Sincretist da [[Musulmi]] sun bunƙasa. Noman shinkafa, wanda shine amfanin gona na gargajiya na yankin, ya ji rauni sakamakon yunƙurin gwamnati na noman gyada. Sun tilasta wa yankunan dazuzzuka masu faɗi. Gwamnatin Faransa ta kuma shigo da shinkafa daga noma mai ƙarfi da ta ƙarfafa a Indochina ta Faransa, wanda hakan ya rage kasuwar manyan amfanin gona na Casamance. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazartq== g5nf6k8s7xk9l2n0m7lhovqujkmqrwk 0 152602 841173 2026-05-28T08:02:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345066446|Koobi Fora]]" 841173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:National_Museums_of_Kenya_Koobi_Fora_Hq.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ofisoshin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya Koobi Fora da sansanin, Sibiloi National Park.]] '''Koobi Fora''' /ˈkuːbi ˈfɔːrə/ yana nufin da farko ga yankin da ke kusa da '''Koobi Fora Ridge''', wanda ke gabashin Tekun Turkana a yankin Mutanen Gabbra. A cewar [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]], sunan ya fito ne daga [[Yaren kudancin Oromo|Harshen Gabbra]]: {{Blockquote|In the language of the Gabbra people who live near the site, the term Koobi Fora means a place of the [[commiphora]] and the source of [[myrrh]]...<ref name=HistoricalBackground>{{citation|title=Koobi Fora: Historical Background|url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/view/24/9/|publisher=National Museums of Kenya|access-date=30 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025116/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/view/24/9/|archive-date=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} Dutsen da kansa ya fito ne daga mafi yawan Pliocene / Pleistocene. Ya ƙunshi duwatsun yumɓu, duwatsun silt, da sandstones waɗanda ke adana burbushin dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa, gami da nau'in hominin na farko. A halin yanzu, ana lalata [[Ridge|tudun]] zuwa wani wuri mai laushi ta hanyar jerin koguna na ɗan lokaci waɗanda ke shiga yankin arewa maso gabashin Tafkin Turkana na zamani. A shekara ta 1968 Richard Leakey ya kafa sansanin '''Koobi Fora Base Camp''' a kan babban yashi da ke cikin tafkin kusa da tudun, wanda ya kira '''Koobi Fora Spit'''. Sakamakon haka, gwamnatin [[Kenya]] a 1973 ta tanadi yankin a matsayin Sibiloi National Park, ta kafa hedkwatar [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]] a Koobi Fora Spit . Ana kiyaye ajiyar sosai kuma 'yan sanda masu zaman kansu amma masu dauke da makamai suna kiyaye ta sosai. Kare shafuka kuma musamman na namun daji suna da matukar damuwa. Bincike da tonowa suna ci gaba a karkashin kulawar Koobi Fora Research Project (KFRP), wanda ke aiki tare da jami'o'i da mutane da yawa masu sha'awar a duk faɗin duniya. == Wuraren tarihi da kayan tarihi == === Wuraren binciken kayan tarihi === Matsayi mai sauƙi na wuraren kimiyya na Koobi Fora shine: Koobi Fora shi ne yankin; yankin ya kasu kashi zuwa yankunan tattara burbushin halittu (misali, Yankin 102, 103, 140, da dai sauransu); a cikin wuraren tattara burushin halittu akwai wuraren tarihi (misali., FxJj 1, FxJJj 10, da dai sauransu) da wuraren hominin palaeontological, waɗanda galibi ana kiransu bayan lambar shiga ta National Museum of Kenya da aka sanya wa muhimman ƙasusuwa da aka samu. Misali, a cikin Area 131 hominin skull KNM-ER 1470 an gano. Abubuwan burbushin da aka samo a nan, gami da duk wadanda ba na mutum ba, an sanya su a yankin 1470. Samun da kuma ambaton daruruwan shafuka a yankin Koobi Fora ya kasance ci gaba da tsari. Dukan ajiyar an raba shi zuwa yankuna sama da 100. Lokacin da akwai shafuka kalilan kawai ya isa ya gano su tare da pinpricks a kan hotuna na sama kuma ya ambaci su ta hanyar bayyana yankin. Masu binciken tarihi, kamar su Glynn Isaac, sun haɓaka tsarin daidaitawa. Shafin ya sami lakabin da ya kunshi mai gano haruffa 4, kamar FxJj, wanda ke nufin ƙaramin sashi a tsakiya na x da j a cikin babban sashi a mahaɗar F da J, sannan lambar shafin: FxJJj 82 tana nufin shafin na 82 a cikin FxJ. A cikin shekara ta 2000 KFRP ya wuce zuwa tsarin [[Tsarin Matsayin Duniya|GPS]] kuma yana ƙoƙarin daidaita pinpricks zuwa bayanan sa. [[Fayil:Koobi_Fora_Museum.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Gidan Tarihin Koobi Fora na Kenya, Sibiloi National Park.]] Ana lakafta burbushin halittu tare da lambar shiga ta KNM (Kenya National Museums), wanda aka sanya shi ba tare da wani dalili ba sai dai tsari da aka sanya shi. Ana iya gabatar da lambar a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi ta KNM, KNM-ET ko KNM-ER, inda ET da ER ke tsaye ga Gabashin Turkana da Gabashin Rudolf, bi da bi, ko kuma kawai ER. Wasu sanannun wurare sune kamar haka. * Yankin 105 An samo shafin farko na archaeological, watau, FxJj 1, a cikin Area 105. An ba shi lakabi da shafin KBS na Kay Behrensmeyer Site, bayan Kay BehrensMeyer, mai bincike wanda ya fara samun kayan aikin dutse a can. Wannan shafin kuma shine wurin da aka samo tuff na farko, watau, KBS Tuff. * Yankin 131 An san shi da wurin Skull 1470, wanda [[Bernard Ngeneo]] ya gano a 1972, wanda Meave Leakey ya sake ginawa, kuma daga baya Richard Leakey ya gina shi kuma ya kira shi ''Homo habilis'' a matsayin mai yiwuwa na farko na jinsin Homo. Sa'an nan kuma Richard Leakey ya sami ''Homo rudolfensis'' a ƙasa da tuff na KBS mai shekaru miliyan 1.89; saboda haka, ya tsufa fiye da wannan kwanan wata, amma an tsara shi ne a al'ada. === Abubuwan da aka gano === [[Fayil:Homo_habilis-KNM_ER_1813.jpg|thumb|KNM-ER - 1813 da aka gano a Koobi Fora]] Bincike da gano burbushin halittu a cikin irin wannan babban yanki yana da wahala. Ɗaya daga cikin mafita shine shirya duk mutanen da ke cikin rukuni don share yankin da aka tsara. Richard Leakey ya kirkiro wata hanyar da ta samar da sakamako mafi kyau: ya shirya kuma ya horar da ƙungiyar bincike ta 'yan Kenya, wanda aka fi sani da "ƙungiyar ''hominid''", a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kamoya Kimeu - "hominid" shine kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don ma'anar yau da kullun na "hominin". Sun sami mafi yawan burbushin hominin da aka gano har zuwa yau. == Manazarta == 2m6y48ujb2r842smsh285rj546t283r 841174 841173 2026-05-28T08:03:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 841174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:National_Museums_of_Kenya_Koobi_Fora_Hq.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ofisoshin Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya Koobi Fora da sansanin, Sibiloi National Park.]] '''Koobi Fora''' /ˈkuːbi ˈfɔːrə/ yana nufin da farko ga yankin da ke kusa da '''Koobi Fora Ridge''', wanda ke gabashin Tekun Turkana a yankin Mutanen Gabbra. A cewar [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]], sunan ya fito ne daga [[Yaren kudancin Oromo|Harshen Gabbra]]: {{Blockquote|In the language of the Gabbra people who live near the site, the term Koobi Fora means a place of the [[commiphora]] and the source of [[myrrh]]...<ref name=HistoricalBackground>{{citation|title=Koobi Fora: Historical Background|url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/view/24/9/|publisher=National Museums of Kenya|access-date=30 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720025116/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/view/24/9/|archive-date=20 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} Dutsen da kansa ya fito ne daga mafi yawan Pliocene / Pleistocene. Ya ƙunshi duwatsun yumɓu, duwatsun silt, da sandstones waɗanda ke adana burbushin dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa, gami da nau'in hominin na farko. A halin yanzu, ana lalata [[Ridge|tudun]] zuwa wani wuri mai laushi ta hanyar jerin koguna na ɗan lokaci waɗanda ke shiga yankin arewa maso gabashin Tafkin Turkana na zamani. A shekara ta 1968 Richard Leakey ya kafa sansanin '''Koobi Fora Base Camp''' a kan babban yashi da ke cikin tafkin kusa da tudun, wanda ya kira '''Koobi Fora Spit'''. Sakamakon haka, gwamnatin [[Kenya]] a 1973 ta tanadi yankin a matsayin Sibiloi National Park, ta kafa hedkwatar [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]] a Koobi Fora Spit . Ana kiyaye ajiyar sosai kuma 'yan sanda masu zaman kansu amma masu dauke da makamai suna kiyaye ta sosai. Kare shafuka kuma musamman na namun daji suna da matukar damuwa. Bincike da tonowa suna ci gaba a karkashin kulawar Koobi Fora Research Project (KFRP), wanda ke aiki tare da jami'o'i da mutane da yawa masu sha'awar a duk faɗin duniya. == Wuraren tarihi da kayan tarihi == === Wuraren binciken kayan tarihi === Matsayi mai sauƙi na wuraren kimiyya na Koobi Fora shine: Koobi Fora shi ne yankin; yankin ya kasu kashi zuwa yankunan tattara burbushin halittu (misali, Yankin 102, 103, 140, da dai sauransu); a cikin wuraren tattara burushin halittu akwai wuraren tarihi (misali., FxJj 1, FxJJj 10, da dai sauransu) da wuraren hominin palaeontological, waɗanda galibi ana kiransu bayan lambar shiga ta National Museum of Kenya da aka sanya wa muhimman ƙasusuwa da aka samu. Misali, a cikin Area 131 hominin skull KNM-ER 1470 an gano. Abubuwan burbushin da aka samo a nan, gami da duk wadanda ba na mutum ba, an sanya su a yankin 1470. Samun da kuma ambaton daruruwan shafuka a yankin Koobi Fora ya kasance ci gaba da tsari. Dukan ajiyar an raba shi zuwa yankuna sama da 100. Lokacin da akwai shafuka kalilan kawai ya isa ya gano su tare da pinpricks a kan hotuna na sama kuma ya ambaci su ta hanyar bayyana yankin. Masu binciken tarihi, kamar su Glynn Isaac, sun haɓaka tsarin daidaitawa. Shafin ya sami lakabin da ya kunshi mai gano haruffa 4, kamar FxJj, wanda ke nufin ƙaramin sashi a tsakiya na x da j a cikin babban sashi a mahaɗar F da J, sannan lambar shafin: FxJJj 82 tana nufin shafin na 82 a cikin FxJ. A cikin shekara ta 2000 KFRP ya wuce zuwa tsarin [[Tsarin Matsayin Duniya|GPS]] kuma yana ƙoƙarin daidaita pinpricks zuwa bayanan sa. [[Fayil:Koobi_Fora_Museum.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Gidan Tarihin Koobi Fora na Kenya, Sibiloi National Park.]] Ana lakafta burbushin halittu tare da lambar shiga ta KNM (Kenya National Museums), wanda aka sanya shi ba tare da wani dalili ba sai dai tsari da aka sanya shi. Ana iya gabatar da lambar a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi ta KNM, KNM-ET ko KNM-ER, inda ET da ER ke tsaye ga Gabashin Turkana da Gabashin Rudolf, bi da bi, ko kuma kawai ER. Wasu sanannun wurare sune kamar haka. * Yankin 105 An samo shafin farko na archaeological, watau, FxJj 1, a cikin Area 105. An ba shi lakabi da shafin KBS na Kay Behrensmeyer Site, bayan Kay BehrensMeyer, mai bincike wanda ya fara samun kayan aikin dutse a can. Wannan shafin kuma shine wurin da aka samo tuff na farko, watau, KBS Tuff. * Yankin 131 An san shi da wurin Skull 1470, wanda [[Bernard Ngeneo]] ya gano a 1972, wanda Meave Leakey ya sake ginawa, kuma daga baya Richard Leakey ya gina shi kuma ya kira shi ''Homo habilis'' a matsayin mai yiwuwa na farko na jinsin Homo. Sa'an nan kuma Richard Leakey ya sami ''Homo rudolfensis'' a ƙasa da tuff na KBS mai shekaru miliyan 1.89; saboda haka, ya tsufa fiye da wannan kwanan wata, amma an tsara shi ne a al'ada. === Abubuwan da aka gano === [[Fayil:Homo_habilis-KNM_ER_1813.jpg|thumb|KNM-ER - 1813 da aka gano a Koobi Fora]] Bincike da gano burbushin halittu a cikin irin wannan babban yanki yana da wahala. Ɗaya daga cikin mafita shine shirya duk mutanen da ke cikin rukuni don share yankin da aka tsara. Richard Leakey ya kirkiro wata hanyar da ta samar da sakamako mafi kyau: ya shirya kuma ya horar da ƙungiyar bincike ta 'yan Kenya, wanda aka fi sani da "ƙungiyar ''hominid''", a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kamoya Kimeu - "hominid" shine kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don ma'anar yau da kullun na "hominin". Sun sami mafi yawan burbushin hominin da aka gano har zuwa yau. == Manazarta == ia89vrc87cvewznu7fysdvkcptl9o6s 0 152603 841175 2026-05-28T08:03:58Z Umar2z 18668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355706373|Iriama Margaret]]" 841175 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} == Siyasa == Margaret ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na takwas da na tara na majalisar dokokin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-07 |title=Members of 9th Parliament |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091530/http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |archive-date=2018-08-15 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Fortune Of Africa - Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KAKAIRE |first=DAVID TASH LUMU & SULAIMAN |title=Why Janet, Karamoja MPs fell out |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=18958:why-janet-karamoja-mps-fell-out |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006082735/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=18958:why-janet-karamoja-mps-fell-out |archive-date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Yayinda take a majalisar, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin kiwon lafiya [[Sam Lyomoki]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NRM names new committee chairpersons |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1302710 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017, ta kasance daga cikin 'yan takarar zaben fidda gwani na NRM a Moroto da nufin zabar dan takara don kujerar mata ta gundumar wanda ya fadi a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu bayan mutuwar Annie Logiel wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisa ta gundumar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NRM Supporters in Moroto Threaten to Leave Party : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-supporters-in-moroto-threaten-to-leave-party |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Annie Logiel ta mutu a Denmark.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=NRM's Atyang declared winner for Moroto Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ughttps//www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nrm-s-atyang-declared-winner-for-moroto-woman-mp-seat-1695836 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Monitor |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024}}</ref> wand faruwar haka ta haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin jam'iyyar NRM sakamakon zaben fidda gwani kuma wannan ya haifar da wasu mambobin jam'iyyar NRM da suka nuna takaici a bayyane game da yadda shugabannin gundumar suka yi da Iriama, wanda ta wakilci Gundumar Moroto a Majalisar tsakanin 2011 da 2016.<ref name=":0" /> Wannan ya faru ne saboda masu jefa kuri'a na Moroto suna buƙatar sabon shugabanci wanda ba na NRM ba a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa a cikin gundumar.<ref name=":0" /> Stella Atyang ce ta lashe zaben wacce ta ce ta fi fifiko ita ce ta sulhunta da Iriama da magoya bayanta don yin hidima ga al'ummar Moroto da kyau.<ref name=":1" /> Koyaya, Stella ita ma 'yar takarar jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref name=":1" /> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin majalisar dokokin Uganda ta tara * Jerin mambobin majalisar dokokin Uganda ta takwas * Iriama Rose == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/CallApplications/HRC38/WG_TNCs_A/LOKAWUA%20Margaret%20Iriama%20form.doc * https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2015/09/kadaga-files-on-sleeping-mps-leak/ [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] jlesyhu5fdbzzpnu8qbf0xl42wj4a2c 841188 841175 2026-05-28T08:10:33Z Umar2z 18668 841188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iriama Margaret''' yar siyasar kasar Uganda ce == Siyasa == Margaret ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na takwas da na tara na majalisar dokokin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-07 |title=Members of 9th Parliament |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091530/http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |archive-date=2018-08-15 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Fortune Of Africa - Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KAKAIRE |first=DAVID TASH LUMU & SULAIMAN |title=Why Janet, Karamoja MPs fell out |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=18958:why-janet-karamoja-mps-fell-out |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006082735/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=18958:why-janet-karamoja-mps-fell-out |archive-date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Yayinda take a majalisar, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin kiwon lafiya [[Sam Lyomoki]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NRM names new committee chairpersons |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1302710 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017, ta kasance daga cikin 'yan takarar zaben fidda gwani na NRM a Moroto da nufin zabar dan takara don kujerar mata ta gundumar wanda ya fadi a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu bayan mutuwar Annie Logiel wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisa ta gundumar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NRM Supporters in Moroto Threaten to Leave Party : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/nrm-supporters-in-moroto-threaten-to-leave-party |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Annie Logiel ta mutu a Denmark.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=NRM's Atyang declared winner for Moroto Woman MP Seat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ughttps//www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nrm-s-atyang-declared-winner-for-moroto-woman-mp-seat-1695836 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Monitor |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024}}</ref> wand faruwar haka ta haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin jam'iyyar NRM sakamakon zaben fidda gwani kuma wannan ya haifar da wasu mambobin jam'iyyar NRM da suka nuna takaici a bayyane game da yadda shugabannin gundumar suka yi da Iriama, wanda ta wakilci Gundumar Moroto a Majalisar tsakanin 2011 da 2016.<ref name=":0" /> Wannan ya faru ne saboda masu jefa kuri'a na Moroto suna buƙatar sabon shugabanci wanda ba na NRM ba a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa a cikin gundumar.<ref name=":0" /> Stella Atyang ce ta lashe zaben wacce ta ce ta fi fifiko ita ce ta sulhunta da Iriama da magoya bayanta don yin hidima ga al'ummar Moroto da kyau.<ref name=":1" /> Koyaya, Stella ita ma 'yar takarar jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement (NRM).<ref name=":1" /> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin majalisar dokokin Uganda ta tara * Jerin mambobin majalisar dokokin Uganda ta takwas * Iriama Rose == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/CallApplications/HRC38/WG_TNCs_A/LOKAWUA%20Margaret%20Iriama%20form.doc * https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2015/09/kadaga-files-on-sleeping-mps-leak/ [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ggfna9cte15yjzcnr7gzssyatw4w3k2 0 152604 841176 2026-05-28T08:04:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1035089195|Lake Turkana National Parks]]" 841176 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery mode="packed" heights="80px"> Fayil:Beach_At-Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort_On_LakeTurkana.JPG|Beach At-Eliye Springs Hotel Resort On Lake Turkana Fayil:Flamingo_Lake_01.jpg|Flamingo Lake 01 Fayil:Series_of_lava_rock_pools_at_southern_end_of_Lake_Turkana.jpg|Series of lava rock pools at southern end of Lake Turkana Fayil:Turkana_fishermen_small.jpg|Turkana fishermen Fayil:View_Of_Lake_Turkana_From_Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort.JPG|View Of Lake Turkana From Eliye Springs Hotel </gallery>'''Gidan shakatawa na Lake Turkana''' rukuni ne na wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda uku da ke kusa da [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] . An rubuta shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] a cikin 1997 kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin 2001. Dalilan muhimmancin wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da amfani da shi azaman wurin tsayawa ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, a matsayin wurin haifuwa ga giwayen Nilu, Hippopotamus, da [[Maciji|macizai]]. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi burbushin halittu a cikin ajiyar Koobi Fora waɗanda suke na musamman a duniya. Gidan shakatawa na Lake Turkana ya ƙunshi Sibiloi National Park da tsibirai biyu a kan Lake Turkana (Central Island da South Island). == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="80px"> Fayil:Beach_At-Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort_On_LakeTurkana.JPG|Beach At-Eliye Springs Hotel Resort On Lake Turkana Fayil:Flamingo_Lake_01.jpg|Flamingo Lake 01 Fayil:Series_of_lava_rock_pools_at_southern_end_of_Lake_Turkana.jpg|Series of lava rock pools at southern end of Lake Turkana Fayil:Turkana_fishermen_small.jpg|Turkana fishermen Fayil:View_Of_Lake_Turkana_From_Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort.JPG|View Of Lake Turkana From Eliye Springs Hotel </gallery> == Haɗin waje == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/801 Shafin Gaskiya na UNESCO] mtfrgnke6swkhal2lpc8v5rfbabrj3q 841177 841176 2026-05-28T08:04:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 841177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na Lake Turkana''' rukuni ne na wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda uku da ke kusa da [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] . An rubuta shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] a cikin 1997 kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin 2001. Dalilan muhimmancin wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da amfani da shi azaman wurin tsayawa ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura, a matsayin wurin haifuwa ga giwayen Nilu, Hippopotamus, da [[Maciji|macizai]]. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi burbushin halittu a cikin ajiyar Koobi Fora waɗanda suke na musamman a duniya. Gidan shakatawa na Lake Turkana ya ƙunshi Sibiloi National Park da tsibirai biyu a kan Lake Turkana (Central Island da South Island). == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="80px"> Fayil:Beach_At-Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort_On_LakeTurkana.JPG|Beach At-Eliye Springs Hotel Resort On Lake Turkana Fayil:Flamingo_Lake_01.jpg|Flamingo Lake 01 Fayil:Series_of_lava_rock_pools_at_southern_end_of_Lake_Turkana.jpg|Series of lava rock pools at southern end of Lake Turkana Fayil:Turkana_fishermen_small.jpg|Turkana fishermen Fayil:View_Of_Lake_Turkana_From_Eliye_Springs_Hotel_Resort.JPG|View Of Lake Turkana From Eliye Springs Hotel </gallery> == Haɗin waje == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/801 Shafin Gaskiya na UNESCO] p4nixprguifj4426krs8c8i3wkgifmj 0 152605 841178 2026-05-28T08:05:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349509862|Kolda]]" 841178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kolda''' ( Arabic ; [[Yare Wolof|Wolof]] : Koldaa) birni ne kuma gari da ke kudancin [[Senegal]] . Ita ce babban birnin Yankin Kolda da Sashen Kolda, yanki da aka sani a tarihi kuma sananne a matsayin Haute Casamance . == Tarihi == Sunan Kolda ya samo asali ne daga sunan wanda ya kafa birnin Koly Dado wanda ya fara kafa matsuguni kusa da gabar [[kogin Casamance]] . == Gwamnati == Kolda ita ce babban birnin Sashen Kolda da kuma yankin Kolda . == Yanayin ƙasa == Birnin yana kan titin ƙasa na 6, wanda kuma ake kira "hanyar kudu" saboda yana tafiya daga [[Dakar]] zuwa [[Ziguinchor]] ta hanyar Tambacounda, Vélingara da Kolda. Dakar, babban birnin ƙasar Sénégal, yana da lamba 670.&nbsp;kilomita daga Kolda. Gundumomin gudanarwa na yankin sun haɗa da Bantanguel, Doumassou, Ndiobène, Sarè Moussa, Gadapara, Sarè Kemo, Sinthiang Tountouroung, Sinthiang Idriss, Escale, Sikilo, da Faraba. Kolda shine babban babban birnin yankin wanda ya haɗa sassan biyu na Velingara da Fafacourou. === Yanayi === Kolda tana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ) tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban. Lokacin damina yana ɗaukar watanni biyar, daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, yayin da lokacin rani ke farawa a watan Nuwamba kuma yana ƙarewa a watan Mayu. Yanayin zafi yana da zafi har yana ƙara yin zafi a duk shekara. Matsakaicin zafin shekara shine {{Convert|28.7|°C|°F|1}}, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|32.5|°C|°F|1}} a watan Mayu kuma mafi ƙarancin {{Convert|24.8|°C|°F|1}} a watan Disamba. Rana a rabin ƙarshen lokacin rani yana da zafi sosai, matsakaicin zafi sama da {{Convert|40|°C|°F}} daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, safe yana da daɗi sosai da misalin {{Convert|15|°C|°F}} na safe. . == Alƙaluma == Ya zuwa shekarar 2002, yawan mutanen Kolda ya kai 53,921. A shekarar 2007, bisa kididdigar hukuma, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen ya kai 62,258. Yawancin mutanen 'yan kabilar [[Fulani|Fula]] ne. Kabilun Mandinke da Jola suma suna nan. == Tattalin Arziki == An kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Zootechniques (CRZ) a Kolda a shekarar 1972. Manyan amfanin gona sun haɗa da auduga, hatsi kamar miley, fonio, gyada da sauran kayan lambu. Kolda kuma tana da manyan kiwon tumaki, shanu, da kiwo. Kolda tana da yalwar 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar mangwaro, lemu, da goro acajou. == Mutane masu shahara == * [[Tapa Diao]], shugaban al'adu da siyasa, tsohon sanata na Kolda a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa * [[Cherif Mohamed Aly Aidara]], shugaban addinin Musulunci kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa [[Mozdahir]] (an haife shi a Darou Hidjiratou ) * Sidney Toure, mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai fafutuka * Moriba Pascal Doumbia, malami * El Hadj Omar Fall, malami * Mère Henry Ronk ( Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika), mai ba da kulawa * Ablaye Diallo (Zal), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Massamba Sambou, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * {{Interlanguage link|Souleymane Diamanka|fr|Souleymane Diamanka}}, mawaƙi * Ablaye Cissoko, Mawaƙi, Mawaƙi * Janar {{Interlanguage link|Ameth Fall (general)|fr|Ameth Fall (General)}} * Sada Kane, 'yar jarida * Barou Balde, Magajin Gari Mai Wuya * Bécaye Diop, Ministan Jiha, Ministan Sojoji, kuma Magajin Garin Kolda klcjvueavbrxeyunhyli1imwq974gfv 841184 841178 2026-05-28T08:08:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''''''Kolda''' ( Arabic ; [[Yare Wolof|Wolof]] : Koldaa) birni ne kuma gari da ke kudancin [[Senegal]] . Ita ce babban birnin Yankin Kolda da Sashen Kolda, yanki da aka sani a tarihi kuma sananne a matsayin Haute Casamance . == Tarihi == Sunan Kolda ya samo asali ne daga sunan wanda ya kafa birnin Koly Dado wanda ya fara kafa matsuguni kusa da gabar [[kogin Casamance]] . == Gwamnati == Kolda ita ce babban birnin Sashen Kolda da kuma yankin Kolda . == Yanayin ƙasa == Birnin yana kan titin ƙasa na 6, wanda kuma ake kira "hanyar kudu" saboda yana tafiya daga [[Dakar]] zuwa [[Ziguinchor]] ta hanyar Tambacounda, Vélingara da Kolda. Dakar, babban birnin ƙasar Sénégal, yana da lamba 670.&nbsp;kilomita daga Kolda. Gundumomin gudanarwa na yankin sun haɗa da Bantanguel, Doumassou, Ndiobène, Sarè Moussa, Gadapara, Sarè Kemo, Sinthiang Tountouroung, Sinthiang Idriss, Escale, Sikilo, da Faraba. Kolda shine babban babban birnin yankin wanda ya haɗa sassan biyu na Velingara da Fafacourou. === Yanayi === Kolda tana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'' ) tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban. Lokacin damina yana ɗaukar watanni biyar, daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, yayin da lokacin rani ke farawa a watan Nuwamba kuma yana ƙarewa a watan Mayu. Yanayin zafi yana da zafi har yana ƙara yin zafi a duk shekara. Matsakaicin zafin shekara shine {{Convert|28.7|°C|°F|1}}, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|32.5|°C|°F|1}} a watan Mayu kuma mafi ƙarancin {{Convert|24.8|°C|°F|1}} a watan Disamba. Rana a rabin ƙarshen lokacin rani yana da zafi sosai, matsakaicin zafi sama da {{Convert|40|°C|°F}} daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, safe yana da daɗi sosai da misalin {{Convert|15|°C|°F}} na safe. . == Alƙaluma == Ya zuwa shekarar 2002, yawan mutanen Kolda ya kai 53,921. A shekarar 2007, bisa kididdigar hukuma, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen ya kai 62,258. Yawancin mutanen 'yan kabilar [[Fulani|Fula]] ne. Kabilun Mandinke da Jola suma suna nan. == Tattalin Arziki == An kafa Cibiyar Bincike ta Zootechniques (CRZ) a Kolda a shekarar 1972. Manyan amfanin gona sun haɗa da auduga, hatsi kamar miley, fonio, gyada da sauran kayan lambu. Kolda kuma tana da manyan kiwon tumaki, shanu, da kiwo. Kolda tana da yalwar 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar mangwaro, lemu, da goro acajou. == Mutane masu shahara == * [[Tapa Diao]], shugaban al'adu da siyasa, tsohon sanata na Kolda a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa * [[Cherif Mohamed Aly Aidara]], shugaban addinin Musulunci kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa [[Mozdahir]] (an haife shi a Darou Hidjiratou ) * Sidney Toure, mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai fafutuka * Moriba Pascal Doumbia, malami * El Hadj Omar Fall, malami * Mère Henry Ronk ( Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika), mai ba da kulawa * Ablaye Diallo (Zal), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Massamba Sambou, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * {{Interlanguage link|Souleymane Diamanka|fr|Souleymane Diamanka}}, mawaƙi * Ablaye Cissoko, Mawaƙi, Mawaƙi * Janar {{Interlanguage link|Ameth Fall (general)|fr|Ameth Fall (General)}} * Sada Kane, 'yar jarida * Barou Balde, Magajin Gari Mai Wuya * Bécaye Diop, Ministan Jiha, Ministan Sojoji, kuma Magajin Garin Kolda ==manqzartq== sosz2snm4gdky8g7xkwl3rry79dao6k 0 152606 841179 2026-05-28T08:06:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292372878|Lothagam North Pillar Site]]" 841179 wikitext text/x-wiki Gidan Lothagam North Pillar Site, wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin GeJi9, wani shafin tarihi ne a Lothagam a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] wanda ya kasance a lokacin Pastoral Neolithic da [[Holocene]] . Kabari ne na al'umma, wanda aka gina tsakanin 3000 KZ da 2300 KZ ta hanyar makiyaya na farko na yankin yayin da ruwan sama a yankin ya ragu kuma Tafkin Turkana ya koma baya.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="gizmodo3">{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref><ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> An yi tunanin cewa ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi farko a [[gabashin Afirka]].<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Elisabeth Hildebrand ce ta jagoranci binciken wurin binnewa da tonowa daga 2009 zuwa 2014. <ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wurin binnewar yana kewaye da Megaliths, da'irorin dutse, da Cawarns, kuma an yi imanin cewa yana riƙe da ragowar daruruwan mutane.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Yawancin mutanen da aka binne a Lothagam North an yi musu ado da dutse, hauren giwa, haƙoran dabba, zobe, ko wasu kayan ado.<ref name="gizmodo3">{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin shekaru 12,000 da 5,000 da suka gabata, Afirka ta wurare masu zafi ta sami [[Canjin yanayi]] wanda ya haifar da karuwar danshi da sauyawa zuwa arewacin yankunan ciyayi da Dabbobi. Wannan lokacin ana kiransa [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Ruwa na Afirka]], kuma a lokacin Holocene na Farko da Tsakiyar, Arewa da Gabashin Afirka suna da yanayi mai zafi tare da cikakkun tabkuna da dabbobi daban-daban na ruwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Keding |first=Birgit |date=2017 |title=Middle Holocene Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers of Lake Turkana in Kenya and Their Cultural Connections with the North: The Pottery |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26505472 |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=42–76 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340003 |issn=1612-1651 |jstor=26505472 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tattalin arzikin kiwo na farko ya fito ne a wannan lokacin, tare da tumaki, awaki, da [[Saniya|shanu]] da ke yaduwa cikin sauri ta tsakiyar [[Sahara]] da [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]]. Yayinda busasshiyar ta karu a cikin hamadar Sahara, nau'ikan kiwo na musamman sun fito kuma yawan jama'a sun fice daga yankin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Turkana_vicinity.jpg|thumb|Wurin Lothagam North Pillar Site kusa da Tafkin Turkana a Kenya]] Gidan Lothagam North Pillar Site, wanda ke cikin Lake Turkana Basin na Gabashin Afirka, yana ba da shaida mai yawa game da kiwo da kiwo na Holocene na Farko da Tsakiya da daidaitawa. Shafin ya nuna cewa mutane sun daidaita zuwa hanyoyi daban-daban na rayuwa, gami da amfani da [[Kayan Tangaran|yumbu]] da farauta da tattara albarkatun ruwa, gami le dogaro da dabbobi da kiwo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Keding |first=Birgit |date=2017 |title=Middle Holocene Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers of Lake Turkana in Kenya and Their Cultural Connections with the North: The Pottery |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26505472 |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=42–76 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340003 |issn=1612-1651 |jstor=26505472 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihin zama == A lokacin Ruwa na Afirka, Gidan Ginin Arewa na Lothagam ya nuna al'ada ta musamman da ta musamman tsakanin manyan sauye-sauyen muhalli.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Canjin yanayi ya sa tafkin ya koma baya yana nuna ƙasa mai kyau ga Masu cin ganyayyaki su ci, kuma mutane sun fara ƙaura zuwa arewa maso yammacin Kenya, suna kawo shanu da ayyukan kiwo.<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Yayin da mutane suka saba da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, sun haɓaka sabbin fasahohi da hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a. Koyaya, a kusa da 3300 KZ, Mataki na Ruwa na Afirka ya ƙare a yankin Turkana, kuma matakin tafkin ya sake sauka.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> Zuwa ƙarshen lokacin zafi na Afirka, lokacin da yanayin bushewa ya fara, mutanen makiyaya na al'ummomin mafarauta da masu tarawa za su koma shafin don binne matattu.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ginin da amfani da shafin ya ƙare a ƙarshen lokacin zafi ta 2300 KZ. Shafin shine mafi tsufa daga cikin sanannun wuraren ginshiƙi guda shida a yankin kuma ana amfani dashi kusan kusan shekaru ɗari biyar.<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Abubuwan gine-gine, kamar cairns, da'irorin dutse, da dandamali, sun nuna cewa an kammala shafin. Canjin yanayi ko sabbin cututtukan da ke haifar da asarar shanu na iya tilasta mazauna yankin su koma wani wuri.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa canje-canje na zamantakewa da sauran dalilai sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raguwa a ayyukan binnewar al'umma, saboda ba a kiyaye waɗannan al'adun a wasu al'ummomin kiwo a yankin Tafkin Turkana ba.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == tono ƙasa == Gidan Lothagam North Pillar da ke Kenya yana da tuddai biyu na dutsen wuta da ke arewa maso kudu da kuma rami tsakanin su wanda ke dauke da ajiya daga zamanin Pliocene zuwa zamanin Holocene. GeJi9 yana kusa da kilomita 1 a arewa maso yammacin wuraren ajiyar bakin teku na Holocene kuma an raba shi zuwa sassan gabas da yamma. Yankin yamma shine dandamali mai zagaye wanda ginshiƙai uku ke tallafawa, yayin da ɓangaren gabas ya ƙunshi cairn shida da da'irorin dutse tara.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dandalin da ke kewaye da duwatsu a gefen yammacin shafin Lothagam ya rufe yanki na murabba'in mita 700 kuma yana dauke da rami na jana'izar, wanda aka kiyasta ya riƙe ko'ina daga mutane 585 zuwa 1,053.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> Binciken da aka buga kwanan nan a cikin ''Jaridar Anthropological Archaeology'' ya yi jayayya cewa [[Maƙabarta|makabarta]] ta kasance ga dukkan mambobin wannan al'umma, ba kawai shugabannin ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukGoldsteinGrilloHildebrand2018">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (1 September 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|"Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Anthropological Archaeology''. '''51''': <span class="nowrap">187–</span>205. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165 0278-4165].</cite></ref><ref name="Giaimo24">{{Cite web |last=Cara Giaimo |date=2018-08-21 |title=Lessons From a 5,000-Year-Old Kenyan Cemetery |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-monument-cemetery-kenya |website=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> Shafin ya samar da kaburbura 30 da aka tono wadanda ke dauke da ragowar akalla mutane 44, gami da maza da mata na shekaru daban-daban, kuma an binnewa mafi yawansu da kayan ado.<ref name=":1" /> Bayanai daga tonowa da radar mai shiga ƙasa (GPR) sun nuna cewa makabartar wani shiri ne da aka tsara kuma na ƙarni da yawa.<ref name="smithsonianmag2">{{Cite web |last=Jason Daley |date=2018-08-22 |title=Their World Was Crumbling But These Ancient People Built a Lasting Memorial |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-their-world-was-chaos-these-ancient-people-coped-building-monument-180970087 |website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> An gina ramin jana'izar ta hanyar cire yashi na rairayin bakin teku daga babban yanki zuwa dutsen yashi. Kowane mutum an binne shi kusan 3 feet (0.91 m) zurfi a cikin karamin rami. A kasan ramin jana'izar, an sassaƙa ramuka tare da ƙarin kaburbura a cikin dutse mai laushi.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMaya_Wei-Haas2018">Maya Wei-Haas (20 August 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ "Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument"]. ''National Geographic''. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa the original] on 20 August 2018.</cite></ref> Dukkanin dandalin an cika shi da tarkace kuma an rufe shi da duwatsun basalt, kuma an kawo ginshiƙan basalt na halitta kuma an sanya su kewaye da gefen gabas na dandalin.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> A gefen gabas, an yi tono a kusa da dutse guda ɗaya da cairn ɗaya. Babban cairn a Lothagam North, wanda ke rufe murabba'in mita 57, an kewaye shi da manyan sandstone slabs. Da'irar dutse, zoben murabba'in mita 16 na sandstone da basalt, yana rufe ƙaramin rami na tsakiya wanda ke dauke da ragowar da kayan tarihi na akalla mutane uku na shekaru daban-daban. Tsakanin da girman dutse ya yi kama da tsari na binnewa da ramuka a cikin dandalin yamma.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka gano a kayan tarihi == === Rashin mutum === A cikin dandalin Lothagam North a gefen yamma, ramin jana'izar ya ƙunshi ragowar kwarangwal da aka shirya sosai na kowane zamani da jinsi. Binciken da aka yi na mutane sama da 44 ya nuna cewa an jinkirta wasu daga cikin jana'izar, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙasusuwa marasa tsari.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> Kashi biyu bisa uku na kaburbura sun ƙunshi mutane masu lankwasawa da ninkawa a wurare daban-daban kuma galibi ana rufe su da dutse ko dutse mai laushi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukGoldsteinGrilloHildebrand2018">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (1 September 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|"Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Anthropological Archaeology''. '''51''': <span class="nowrap">187–</span>205. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165 0278-4165].</cite></ref> A gefen ramin, tono ya gano kwanyar guda uku da ɓangarorin jiki. Matsayi na dabarun jiki ya ba da izini don iyakar amfani da sarari, tare da matsayi da daidaitawa na jiki. Shaida ta nuna cewa yankuna sun kasance ba a dame su ba bayan binnewa.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> === Abubuwan da suka rage === Kusan dukkanin kwarangwal da aka samu a shafin an yi musu ado da kayan ado na mutum. Wadannan sun hada da kwayar kwai ko dutse a wuyan, zoben hauren giwa, pendants, zoben kunne, da bangarori. Kabari biyu sun ƙunshi kayan ado da aka yi wa ado da shirye-shiryen hakoran dabbobi masu shayarwa. An binne wani mutum tare da ƙuƙwalwar hippo 12 wanda zai iya wakiltar kayan ado na wani nau'i. Ramin binnewa ya samar da wasu ragowar caprine, da kuma dutse mai sassaƙa wanda ya yi kama da [[saniya]]. An sami kayan ado a duk shekarun da maza da mata, suna nuna cewa kayan ado shine al'ada. Fiye da duwatsu masu launi 300 da ma'adanai masu launi an gano su a cikin kaburbura 20. [[Kwallaye na ado|beads]] sun kunshi albarkatun kasa 36, gami da kayan taushi kamar pink analcime, duhu kore talc, da purple Fluorite, da ma'adanai masu wuya kamar haske blue-green Amazoni da chalcedony. Yawancin duwatsu da aka samo daga dutsen wuta, kamar amygdaloidal da basalt na vesicular, rhyolite, da phonolite, an gano su da ke samuwa a cikin gida, amma wasu duwatsu kamar amazonite da talc suna wanzu ne kawai a kusa da wasu sassan Turkana Basin, suna ba da shawarar tafiya akai-akai zuwa da kuma daga shafin.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4tomkc6y5s9ttfxfqf0gplcyo43mj5r 841180 841179 2026-05-28T08:06:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 841180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gidan Lothagam North Pillar Site, wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin GeJi9, wani shafin tarihi ne a Lothagam a gefen yammacin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]] wanda ya kasance a lokacin Pastoral Neolithic da [[Holocene]] . Kabari ne na al'umma, wanda aka gina tsakanin 3000 KZ da 2300 KZ ta hanyar makiyaya na farko na yankin yayin da ruwan sama a yankin ya ragu kuma Tafkin Turkana ya koma baya.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="gizmodo3">{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref><ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> An yi tunanin cewa ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi farko a [[gabashin Afirka]].<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Elisabeth Hildebrand ce ta jagoranci binciken wurin binnewa da tonowa daga 2009 zuwa 2014. <ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wurin binnewar yana kewaye da Megaliths, da'irorin dutse, da Cawarns, kuma an yi imanin cewa yana riƙe da ragowar daruruwan mutane.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Yawancin mutanen da aka binne a Lothagam North an yi musu ado da dutse, hauren giwa, haƙoran dabba, zobe, ko wasu kayan ado.<ref name="gizmodo3">{{Cite web |last=Dvorsky |first=George |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Cemetery Packed With Hundreds of Bodies Discovered in Kenya |url=https://gizmodo.com/ancient-cemetery-packed-with-hundreds-of-bodies-discove-1828467180}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin shekaru 12,000 da 5,000 da suka gabata, Afirka ta wurare masu zafi ta sami [[Canjin yanayi]] wanda ya haifar da karuwar danshi da sauyawa zuwa arewacin yankunan ciyayi da Dabbobi. Wannan lokacin ana kiransa [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Ruwa na Afirka]], kuma a lokacin Holocene na Farko da Tsakiyar, Arewa da Gabashin Afirka suna da yanayi mai zafi tare da cikakkun tabkuna da dabbobi daban-daban na ruwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Keding |first=Birgit |date=2017 |title=Middle Holocene Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers of Lake Turkana in Kenya and Their Cultural Connections with the North: The Pottery |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26505472 |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=42–76 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340003 |issn=1612-1651 |jstor=26505472 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tattalin arzikin kiwo na farko ya fito ne a wannan lokacin, tare da tumaki, awaki, da [[Saniya|shanu]] da ke yaduwa cikin sauri ta tsakiyar [[Sahara]] da [[Nil|Kwarin Nilu]]. Yayinda busasshiyar ta karu a cikin hamadar Sahara, nau'ikan kiwo na musamman sun fito kuma yawan jama'a sun fice daga yankin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Turkana_vicinity.jpg|thumb|Wurin Lothagam North Pillar Site kusa da Tafkin Turkana a Kenya]] Gidan Lothagam North Pillar Site, wanda ke cikin Lake Turkana Basin na Gabashin Afirka, yana ba da shaida mai yawa game da kiwo da kiwo na Holocene na Farko da Tsakiya da daidaitawa. Shafin ya nuna cewa mutane sun daidaita zuwa hanyoyi daban-daban na rayuwa, gami da amfani da [[Kayan Tangaran|yumbu]] da farauta da tattara albarkatun ruwa, gami le dogaro da dabbobi da kiwo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Keding |first=Birgit |date=2017 |title=Middle Holocene Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers of Lake Turkana in Kenya and Their Cultural Connections with the North: The Pottery |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26505472 |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=42–76 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340003 |issn=1612-1651 |jstor=26505472 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihin zama == A lokacin Ruwa na Afirka, Gidan Ginin Arewa na Lothagam ya nuna al'ada ta musamman da ta musamman tsakanin manyan sauye-sauyen muhalli.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Canjin yanayi ya sa tafkin ya koma baya yana nuna ƙasa mai kyau ga Masu cin ganyayyaki su ci, kuma mutane sun fara ƙaura zuwa arewa maso yammacin Kenya, suna kawo shanu da ayyukan kiwo.<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Yayin da mutane suka saba da canje-canje a cikin muhalli, sun haɓaka sabbin fasahohi da hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a. Koyaya, a kusa da 3300 KZ, Mataki na Ruwa na Afirka ya ƙare a yankin Turkana, kuma matakin tafkin ya sake sauka.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> Zuwa ƙarshen lokacin zafi na Afirka, lokacin da yanayin bushewa ya fara, mutanen makiyaya na al'ummomin mafarauta da masu tarawa za su koma shafin don binne matattu.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ginin da amfani da shafin ya ƙare a ƙarshen lokacin zafi ta 2300 KZ. Shafin shine mafi tsufa daga cikin sanannun wuraren ginshiƙi guda shida a yankin kuma ana amfani dashi kusan kusan shekaru ɗari biyar.<ref name="livescience3">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2018-08-22 |title=Massive, Ancient Stone Monument in Kenya Held More Than 500 Bodies, 400 Gerbil Teeth |url=https://www.livescience.com/63397-kenya-ancient-cemetery-monument-lothagam.html |publisher=Live Science}}</ref> Abubuwan gine-gine, kamar cairns, da'irorin dutse, da dandamali, sun nuna cewa an kammala shafin. Canjin yanayi ko sabbin cututtukan da ke haifar da asarar shanu na iya tilasta mazauna yankin su koma wani wuri.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa canje-canje na zamantakewa da sauran dalilai sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raguwa a ayyukan binnewar al'umma, saboda ba a kiyaye waɗannan al'adun a wasu al'ummomin kiwo a yankin Tafkin Turkana ba.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == tono ƙasa == Gidan Lothagam North Pillar da ke Kenya yana da tuddai biyu na dutsen wuta da ke arewa maso kudu da kuma rami tsakanin su wanda ke dauke da ajiya daga zamanin Pliocene zuwa zamanin Holocene. GeJi9 yana kusa da kilomita 1 a arewa maso yammacin wuraren ajiyar bakin teku na Holocene kuma an raba shi zuwa sassan gabas da yamma. Yankin yamma shine dandamali mai zagaye wanda ginshiƙai uku ke tallafawa, yayin da ɓangaren gabas ya ƙunshi cairn shida da da'irorin dutse tara.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dandalin da ke kewaye da duwatsu a gefen yammacin shafin Lothagam ya rufe yanki na murabba'in mita 700 kuma yana dauke da rami na jana'izar, wanda aka kiyasta ya riƙe ko'ina daga mutane 585 zuwa 1,053.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> Binciken da aka buga kwanan nan a cikin ''Jaridar Anthropological Archaeology'' ya yi jayayya cewa [[Maƙabarta|makabarta]] ta kasance ga dukkan mambobin wannan al'umma, ba kawai shugabannin ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukGoldsteinGrilloHildebrand2018">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (1 September 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|"Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Anthropological Archaeology''. '''51''': <span class="nowrap">187–</span>205. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165 0278-4165].</cite></ref><ref name="Giaimo24">{{Cite web |last=Cara Giaimo |date=2018-08-21 |title=Lessons From a 5,000-Year-Old Kenyan Cemetery |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-monument-cemetery-kenya |website=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> Shafin ya samar da kaburbura 30 da aka tono wadanda ke dauke da ragowar akalla mutane 44, gami da maza da mata na shekaru daban-daban, kuma an binnewa mafi yawansu da kayan ado.<ref name=":1" /> Bayanai daga tonowa da radar mai shiga ƙasa (GPR) sun nuna cewa makabartar wani shiri ne da aka tsara kuma na ƙarni da yawa.<ref name="smithsonianmag2">{{Cite web |last=Jason Daley |date=2018-08-22 |title=Their World Was Crumbling But These Ancient People Built a Lasting Memorial |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-their-world-was-chaos-these-ancient-people-coped-building-monument-180970087 |website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> An gina ramin jana'izar ta hanyar cire yashi na rairayin bakin teku daga babban yanki zuwa dutsen yashi. Kowane mutum an binne shi kusan 3 feet (0.91 m) zurfi a cikin karamin rami. A kasan ramin jana'izar, an sassaƙa ramuka tare da ƙarin kaburbura a cikin dutse mai laushi.<ref name="natgeo4">{{Cite web |last=Maya Wei-Haas |date=2018-08-20 |title=Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ |archive-date=20 August 2018 |website=National Geographic}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMaya_Wei-Haas2018">Maya Wei-Haas (20 August 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180820221617/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa/ "Ancient Riches Discovered at Mysterious Burial Monument"]. ''National Geographic''. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/08/news-ancient-pillar-monument-burial-mound-africa the original] on 20 August 2018.</cite></ref> Dukkanin dandalin an cika shi da tarkace kuma an rufe shi da duwatsun basalt, kuma an kawo ginshiƙan basalt na halitta kuma an sanya su kewaye da gefen gabas na dandalin.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> A gefen gabas, an yi tono a kusa da dutse guda ɗaya da cairn ɗaya. Babban cairn a Lothagam North, wanda ke rufe murabba'in mita 57, an kewaye shi da manyan sandstone slabs. Da'irar dutse, zoben murabba'in mita 16 na sandstone da basalt, yana rufe ƙaramin rami na tsakiya wanda ke dauke da ragowar da kayan tarihi na akalla mutane uku na shekaru daban-daban. Tsakanin da girman dutse ya yi kama da tsari na binnewa da ramuka a cikin dandalin yamma.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da aka gano a kayan tarihi == === Rashin mutum === A cikin dandalin Lothagam North a gefen yamma, ramin jana'izar ya ƙunshi ragowar kwarangwal da aka shirya sosai na kowane zamani da jinsi. Binciken da aka yi na mutane sama da 44 ya nuna cewa an jinkirta wasu daga cikin jana'izar, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙasusuwa marasa tsari.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> Kashi biyu bisa uku na kaburbura sun ƙunshi mutane masu lankwasawa da ninkawa a wurare daban-daban kuma galibi ana rufe su da dutse ko dutse mai laushi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukGoldsteinGrilloHildebrand2018">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (1 September 2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|"Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Anthropological Archaeology''. '''51''': <span class="nowrap">187–</span>205. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001|10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165 0278-4165].</cite></ref> A gefen ramin, tono ya gano kwanyar guda uku da ɓangarorin jiki. Matsayi na dabarun jiki ya ba da izini don iyakar amfani da sarari, tare da matsayi da daidaitawa na jiki. Shaida ta nuna cewa yankuna sun kasance ba a dame su ba bayan binnewa.<ref name="Hildebrand2" /> === Abubuwan da suka rage === Kusan dukkanin kwarangwal da aka samu a shafin an yi musu ado da kayan ado na mutum. Wadannan sun hada da kwayar kwai ko dutse a wuyan, zoben hauren giwa, pendants, zoben kunne, da bangarori. Kabari biyu sun ƙunshi kayan ado da aka yi wa ado da shirye-shiryen hakoran dabbobi masu shayarwa. An binne wani mutum tare da ƙuƙwalwar hippo 12 wanda zai iya wakiltar kayan ado na wani nau'i. Ramin binnewa ya samar da wasu ragowar caprine, da kuma dutse mai sassaƙa wanda ya yi kama da [[saniya]]. An sami kayan ado a duk shekarun da maza da mata, suna nuna cewa kayan ado shine al'ada. Fiye da duwatsu masu launi 300 da ma'adanai masu launi an gano su a cikin kaburbura 20. [[Kwallaye na ado|beads]] sun kunshi albarkatun kasa 36, gami da kayan taushi kamar pink analcime, duhu kore talc, da purple Fluorite, da ma'adanai masu wuya kamar haske blue-green Amazoni da chalcedony. Yawancin duwatsu da aka samo daga dutsen wuta, kamar amygdaloidal da basalt na vesicular, rhyolite, da phonolite, an gano su da ke samuwa a cikin gida, amma wasu duwatsu kamar amazonite da talc suna wanzu ne kawai a kusa da wasu sassan Turkana Basin, suna ba da shawarar tafiya akai-akai zuwa da kuma daga shafin.<ref name="Hildebrand2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |display-authors=etal |date=2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=PNAS |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrand2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth; et&nbsp;al. (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''PNAS''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] il5qrzbsnzgzdockf7s6l20ep5zpgj0 0 152607 841181 2026-05-28T08:07:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314269903|Manemanya Pillar Site]]" 841181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manemanya''' (GcJh5) wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne a cikin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya . Wurin binnewar jama'a ne wanda aka gina kusan shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata kuma yana da alaƙa da zuwan kiwo a gabashin Afirka a lokacin Pastoral Neolithic . <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Manemanya tana da nisan kilomita 1 a gabashin tudun Lesodok, a yammacin Tekun Turkana . Ya ƙunshi tarin ginshiƙai guda tara da ke fadin yankuna biyu daban-daban, wannan shafin ba shi da tsaunuka na dandamali ko cairns. Koyaya, bambancinsa yana nunawa ta kasancewar dutse a cikin tsakiyar yankin, fasalin bambanci wanda ke ware shi daga yanayin da ke kewaye da shafin, yana nuna bambanci da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon, an yi imanin cewa shafin yana da zamani tare da Lothagam North, da kuma wuraren ginshiƙan Lothagam West da ke kan iyakar yamma da kuma shafin ginshiƙar Jarigole da ke kan gabar gabashin Tafkin Turkana . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloHildebrand2013">Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 "The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP"]</span>. ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa''. '''48''' (2): <span class="nowrap">193–</span>217. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188|10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-270X 0067-270X]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162193899 162193899].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref> == Tarihin tonowa == Abubuwan da aka tono a Manemanya sun kasance da iyaka a cikin iyaka, da farko sun kasance a kan wani jana'izar da aka haɗa da ƙafafun wani mutum mai ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Binciken farko, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Prehistory na Yammacin Turkana a cikin shekara ta 2009, ya bayyana ragowar wata matashiya, mai tsayi da ke nuna asymmetries na fuska da jaw wanda mai yiwuwa ya rinjayi bayyanarta da iyawarta ta jiki.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Kabarin wannan mutumin ya kasance tare da wadataccen al'adun kayan aiki, wanda ke nuna tarin dutse mai ban sha'awa 330 da fiye da 10,000 ostrich eggshell (OES). Har ila yau, mutumin ya sa kayan ado a kan jikinta na sama da aka yi da zakuna (''Panthera leo'') da hyena (''Hyaena hyaena''), da kuma mundaye na 42 canid (''Canid sp'') a kusa da wuyan hannu na hagu da tagar hauren giwa a wuyan hannu ta dama.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Gilashin dutse da aka yi da kayan daban-daban daga Lothagam North an yi su ne kawai da calcite kuma daya daga sandstone. Yumbu da aka samo a shafin sun hada da raguwa 11 tare da tukwane 6 da ba a yi musu ado ba da kuma 5 da aka yi musu ado da zane-zane masu kama da tukwane da aka samu a Lothagam North, Jarigole pillar site da Dongodien.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> Taron lithic ya haɗa da ƙaramin tarin (n = 68) wanda aka yi daga kayan aiki daban-daban kamar su chalcedony, basalt, ja jasper, quartz, obsidian, da chert, dukansu an samo su a saman shafin ban da kayan aikin dutse na obsidian, waɗanda galibi an tsara su cikin bladelets, tarkace da ƙwayoyin prismatic.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> == Fassara == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana, tsarin shafin Manemanya yana da wuyar fassara saboda motsi na ginshiƙan wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a fahimci ainihin tsarin shafin ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Rarraba da jerin lokuta na shafukan ginshiƙai da kwatanta al'adun kayan aiki sun kuma nuna cewa kowane yanki a yammacin gabar Tafkin Turkana yana da shafukan ginshiƙi na zamani guda biyu da ke kusa da juna waɗanda zasu iya yin aiki daban-daban na zamantakewa ko kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban suka yi amfani da su a lokaci guda.<ref name=":1" /> Dangantakar lokaci tsakanin Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya ta nuna cewa ana amfani da shafukan a cikin shekaru 43 (4868-4825 cal BP), wanda kuma shine wannan lokacin da Jarigole ke iya amfani da shi.<ref name=":2" /> Zamanin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon yana goyan bayan ra'ayin al'adun gargajiya na kwandon kwandon.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koobi Fora Field School at Jarigole Pillar Site, GbJj1. Charles M. Nelson, Kenya Past and Present, 1995 |url=https://www.chaz.org/Arch/Turkana/Jarigole/Jarigole.htm |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.chaz.org}}</ref> Yumbu daga shafin yana da kwatankwacin tsari, nau'in paste da kayan ado tare da tukwane na Nderit da aka samo a Lothagam North, Jarigole da Dongodien . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tsayar da gawar mutum, tukwane da beads a cikin dandamali na waɗannan shafuka sun nuna cewa galibi ana amfani da su don manufar jana'izar, galibi kamar yadda wasu shafuka kamar Kalokol Pillar Site na iya amfani da su ne don dalilai na bikin.<ref name=":2" /> Kula da kayan aikin obsidian a hankali yana kama da sauran shafukan ginshiƙai kamar Lothagam North da Jarigole suna ba da shawarar al'adar da aka raba ta samarwa, yin da musayar obsidian ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci da ke kewaye da Tafkin, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndiema |first=K. E. |last2=Dillian |first2=C. D. |last3=Braun |first3=D. R. |last4=Harris |first4=J. W. K. |last5=Kiura |first5=P. W. |date=2011 |title=Transport and Subsistence Patterns at the Transition to Pastoralism, Koobi Fora, Kenya |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |journal=Archaeometry |language=en |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1098 |bibcode=2011Archa..53.1085N |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |issn=0003-813X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasancewar jana'izar mace guda daya da aka baiwa da ɗimbin ƙwayoyin ƙira yana buɗe taga mai ban sha'awa don fahimtar wadatar kayan aiki da ƙwarewa masu ban sha'awar da aka yi amfani da su don yin kayan ado waɗanda galibi an tsara su daga calcite. Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa mutumin yana da matsayi mai girma wanda watakila ta samu ta hanyar rayuwarta. Yawan beads da aka samu ya nuna cewa an ƙunshe su da jiki a cikin murfin ko mayafi. a zahiri, kasancewa wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya na kwandon, ana kallon Manemanya a matsayin shaida na rikitarwa na zamantakewa da tunawa da imani da aka raba bayan zuwan kiwo a Turkana Basin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandGrilloSawchukPfeiffer2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan K.; Conyers, Lawrence B.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Hill, Austin Chad; Janzen, Anneke; Klehm, Carla E.; Helper, Mark; Kiura, Purity; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Ngugi, Cecilia; Shea, John J.; Wang, Hong (2018-09-04). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490 1091-6490]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-4690 0093-4690]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 24407986]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci wanda ya biyo bayan [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Ruwa na Afirka]] (AHP), kuma lokaci ne da aka nuna ta hanyar saurin muhalli, zamantakewa, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki. Sakamakon haka, wasu malamai suna ganin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ginshiƙai a matsayin hanyar da makiyaya ke rage haɗari ta hanyar kafa hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a masu ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M |last3=Chritz |first3=Kendra L |last4=Fischer |first4=Markus L |last5=Goldstein |first5=Steven T |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Junginger |first7=Annett |last8=Kinyanjui |first8=Rahab N |last9=Ndiema |first9=Emmanuel |last10=Sawchuk |first10=Elizabeth |last11=Beyin |first11=Amanuel |last12=Pfeiffer |first12=Susan K |date=2022 |title=Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836221121766 |journal=The Holocene |language=en |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=1373–1392 |bibcode=2022Holoc..32.1373H |doi=10.1177/09596836221121766 |issn=0959-6836 |s2cid=252750361 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> 1ahga9lcq60l7f4l7pglys4m5z5s2us 841182 841181 2026-05-28T08:07:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 841182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manemanya''' (GcJh5) wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne a cikin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya . Wurin binnewar jama'a ne wanda aka gina kusan shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata kuma yana da alaƙa da zuwan kiwo a gabashin Afirka a lokacin Pastoral Neolithic . <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Manemanya tana da nisan kilomita 1 a gabashin tudun Lesodok, a yammacin Tekun Turkana . Ya ƙunshi tarin ginshiƙai guda tara da ke fadin yankuna biyu daban-daban, wannan shafin ba shi da tsaunuka na dandamali ko cairns. Koyaya, bambancinsa yana nunawa ta kasancewar dutse a cikin tsakiyar yankin, fasalin bambanci wanda ke ware shi daga yanayin da ke kewaye da shafin, yana nuna bambanci da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon, an yi imanin cewa shafin yana da zamani tare da Lothagam North, da kuma wuraren ginshiƙan Lothagam West da ke kan iyakar yamma da kuma shafin ginshiƙar Jarigole da ke kan gabar gabashin Tafkin Turkana . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref> == Tarihin tonowa == Abubuwan da aka tono a Manemanya sun kasance da iyaka a cikin iyaka, da farko sun kasance a kan wani jana'izar da aka haɗa da ƙafafun wani mutum mai ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Binciken farko, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Prehistory na Yammacin Turkana a cikin shekara ta 2009, ya bayyana ragowar wata matashiya, mai tsayi da ke nuna asymmetries na fuska da jaw wanda mai yiwuwa ya rinjayi bayyanarta da iyawarta ta jiki.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Kabarin wannan mutumin ya kasance tare da wadataccen al'adun kayan aiki, wanda ke nuna tarin dutse mai ban sha'awa 330 da fiye da 10,000 ostrich eggshell (OES). Har ila yau, mutumin ya sa kayan ado a kan jikinta na sama da aka yi da zakuna (''Panthera leo'') da hyena (''Hyaena hyaena''), da kuma mundaye na 42 canid (''Canid sp'') a kusa da wuyan hannu na hagu da tagar hauren giwa a wuyan hannu ta dama.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Gilashin dutse da aka yi da kayan daban-daban daga Lothagam North an yi su ne kawai da calcite kuma daya daga sandstone. Yumbu da aka samo a shafin sun hada da raguwa 11 tare da tukwane 6 da ba a yi musu ado ba da kuma 5 da aka yi musu ado da zane-zane masu kama da tukwane da aka samu a Lothagam North, Jarigole pillar site da Dongodien.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> Taron lithic ya haɗa da ƙaramin tarin (n = 68) wanda aka yi daga kayan aiki daban-daban kamar su chalcedony, basalt, ja jasper, quartz, obsidian, da chert, dukansu an samo su a saman shafin ban da kayan aikin dutse na obsidian, waɗanda galibi an tsara su cikin bladelets, tarkace da ƙwayoyin prismatic.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> == Fassara == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana, tsarin shafin Manemanya yana da wuyar fassara saboda motsi na ginshiƙan wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a fahimci ainihin tsarin shafin ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Rarraba da jerin lokuta na shafukan ginshiƙai da kwatanta al'adun kayan aiki sun kuma nuna cewa kowane yanki a yammacin gabar Tafkin Turkana yana da shafukan ginshiƙi na zamani guda biyu da ke kusa da juna waɗanda zasu iya yin aiki daban-daban na zamantakewa ko kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban suka yi amfani da su a lokaci guda.<ref name=":1" /> Dangantakar lokaci tsakanin Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya ta nuna cewa ana amfani da shafukan a cikin shekaru 43 (4868-4825 cal BP), wanda kuma shine wannan lokacin da Jarigole ke iya amfani da shi.<ref name=":2" /> Zamanin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon yana goyan bayan ra'ayin al'adun gargajiya na kwandon kwandon.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koobi Fora Field School at Jarigole Pillar Site, GbJj1. Charles M. Nelson, Kenya Past and Present, 1995 |url=https://www.chaz.org/Arch/Turkana/Jarigole/Jarigole.htm |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.chaz.org}}</ref> Yumbu daga shafin yana da kwatankwacin tsari, nau'in paste da kayan ado tare da tukwane na Nderit da aka samo a Lothagam North, Jarigole da Dongodien . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tsayar da gawar mutum, tukwane da beads a cikin dandamali na waɗannan shafuka sun nuna cewa galibi ana amfani da su don manufar jana'izar, galibi kamar yadda wasu shafuka kamar Kalokol Pillar Site na iya amfani da su ne don dalilai na bikin.<ref name=":2" /> Kula da kayan aikin obsidian a hankali yana kama da sauran shafukan ginshiƙai kamar Lothagam North da Jarigole suna ba da shawarar al'adar da aka raba ta samarwa, yin da musayar obsidian ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci da ke kewaye da Tafkin, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndiema |first=K. E. |last2=Dillian |first2=C. D. |last3=Braun |first3=D. R. |last4=Harris |first4=J. W. K. |last5=Kiura |first5=P. W. |date=2011 |title=Transport and Subsistence Patterns at the Transition to Pastoralism, Koobi Fora, Kenya |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |journal=Archaeometry |language=en |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1098 |bibcode=2011Archa..53.1085N |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |issn=0003-813X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasancewar jana'izar mace guda daya da aka baiwa da ɗimbin ƙwayoyin ƙira yana buɗe taga mai ban sha'awa don fahimtar wadatar kayan aiki da ƙwarewa masu ban sha'awar da aka yi amfani da su don yin kayan ado waɗanda galibi an tsara su daga calcite. Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa mutumin yana da matsayi mai girma wanda watakila ta samu ta hanyar rayuwarta. Yawan beads da aka samu ya nuna cewa an ƙunshe su da jiki a cikin murfin ko mayafi. a zahiri, kasancewa wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya na kwandon, ana kallon Manemanya a matsayin shaida na rikitarwa na zamantakewa da tunawa da imani da aka raba bayan zuwan kiwo a Turkana Basin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandGrilloSawchukPfeiffer2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan K.; Conyers, Lawrence B.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Hill, Austin Chad; Janzen, Anneke; Klehm, Carla E.; Helper, Mark; Kiura, Purity; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Ngugi, Cecilia; Shea, John J.; Wang, Hong (2018-09-04). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490 1091-6490]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-4690 0093-4690]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 24407986]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci wanda ya biyo bayan [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Ruwa na Afirka]] (AHP), kuma lokaci ne da aka nuna ta hanyar saurin muhalli, zamantakewa, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki. Sakamakon haka, wasu malamai suna ganin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ginshiƙai a matsayin hanyar da makiyaya ke rage haɗari ta hanyar kafa hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a masu ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M |last3=Chritz |first3=Kendra L |last4=Fischer |first4=Markus L |last5=Goldstein |first5=Steven T |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Junginger |first7=Annett |last8=Kinyanjui |first8=Rahab N |last9=Ndiema |first9=Emmanuel |last10=Sawchuk |first10=Elizabeth |last11=Beyin |first11=Amanuel |last12=Pfeiffer |first12=Susan K |date=2022 |title=Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836221121766 |journal=The Holocene |language=en |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=1373–1392 |bibcode=2022Holoc..32.1373H |doi=10.1177/09596836221121766 |issn=0959-6836 |s2cid=252750361 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == mbrfdu9xv987mp0rfubioz0u9odx7k5 841183 841182 2026-05-28T08:08:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 841183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manemanya''' (GcJh5) wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi ne a cikin [[Tafkin Turkana]] a arewacin Kenya . Wurin binnewar jama'a ne wanda aka gina kusan shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata kuma yana da alaƙa da zuwan kiwo a gabashin Afirka a lokacin Pastoral Neolithic . <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Manemanya tana da nisan kilomita 1 a gabashin tudun Lesodok, a yammacin Tekun Turkana . Ya ƙunshi tarin ginshiƙai guda tara da ke fadin yankuna biyu daban-daban, wannan shafin ba shi da tsaunuka na dandamali ko cairns. Koyaya, bambancinsa yana nunawa ta kasancewar dutse a cikin tsakiyar yankin, fasalin bambanci wanda ke ware shi daga yanayin da ke kewaye da shafin, yana nuna bambanci da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dangane da kwanan wata na radiocarbon, an yi imanin cewa shafin yana da zamani tare da Lothagam North, da kuma wuraren ginshiƙan Lothagam West da ke kan iyakar yamma da kuma shafin ginshiƙar Jarigole da ke kan gabar gabashin Tafkin Turkana . <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref> == Tarihin tonowa == Abubuwan da aka tono a Manemanya sun kasance da iyaka a cikin iyaka, da farko sun kasance a kan wani jana'izar da aka haɗa da ƙafafun wani mutum mai ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Binciken farko, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Prehistory na Yammacin Turkana a cikin shekara ta 2009, ya bayyana ragowar wata matashiya, mai tsayi da ke nuna asymmetries na fuska da jaw wanda mai yiwuwa ya rinjayi bayyanarta da iyawarta ta jiki.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Kabarin wannan mutumin ya kasance tare da wadataccen al'adun kayan aiki, wanda ke nuna tarin dutse mai ban sha'awa 330 da fiye da 10,000 ostrich eggshell (OES). Har ila yau, mutumin ya sa kayan ado a kan jikinta na sama da aka yi da zakuna (''Panthera leo'') da hyena (''Hyaena hyaena''), da kuma mundaye na 42 canid (''Canid sp'') a kusa da wuyan hannu na hagu da tagar hauren giwa a wuyan hannu ta dama.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> Gilashin dutse da aka yi da kayan daban-daban daga Lothagam North an yi su ne kawai da calcite kuma daya daga sandstone. Yumbu da aka samo a shafin sun hada da raguwa 11 tare da tukwane 6 da ba a yi musu ado ba da kuma 5 da aka yi musu ado da zane-zane masu kama da tukwane da aka samu a Lothagam North, Jarigole pillar site da Dongodien.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> Taron lithic ya haɗa da ƙaramin tarin (n = 68) wanda aka yi daga kayan aiki daban-daban kamar su chalcedony, basalt, ja jasper, quartz, obsidian, da chert, dukansu an samo su a saman shafin ban da kayan aikin dutse na obsidian, waɗanda galibi an tsara su cikin bladelets, tarkace da ƙwayoyin prismatic.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/009346911X12991472411088?src=recsys "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref> == Fassara == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren ginshiƙai a cikin tafkin Turkana, tsarin shafin Manemanya yana da wuyar fassara saboda motsi na ginshiƙan wanda ya sa ba zai yiwu a fahimci ainihin tsarin shafin ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}</ref> Rarraba da jerin lokuta na shafukan ginshiƙai da kwatanta al'adun kayan aiki sun kuma nuna cewa kowane yanki a yammacin gabar Tafkin Turkana yana da shafukan ginshiƙi na zamani guda biyu da ke kusa da juna waɗanda zasu iya yin aiki daban-daban na zamantakewa ko kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban suka yi amfani da su a lokaci guda.<ref name=":1" /> Dangantakar lokaci tsakanin Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya ta nuna cewa ana amfani da shafukan a cikin shekaru 43 (4868-4825 cal BP), wanda kuma shine wannan lokacin da Jarigole ke iya amfani da shi.<ref name=":2" /> Zamanin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon yana goyan bayan ra'ayin al'adun gargajiya na kwandon kwandon.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koobi Fora Field School at Jarigole Pillar Site, GbJj1. Charles M. Nelson, Kenya Past and Present, 1995 |url=https://www.chaz.org/Arch/Turkana/Jarigole/Jarigole.htm |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.chaz.org}}</ref> Yumbu daga shafin yana da kwatankwacin tsari, nau'in paste da kayan ado tare da tukwane na Nderit da aka samo a Lothagam North, Jarigole da Dongodien . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tsayar da gawar mutum, tukwane da beads a cikin dandamali na waɗannan shafuka sun nuna cewa galibi ana amfani da su don manufar jana'izar, galibi kamar yadda wasu shafuka kamar Kalokol Pillar Site na iya amfani da su ne don dalilai na bikin.<ref name=":2" /> Kula da kayan aikin obsidian a hankali yana kama da sauran shafukan ginshiƙai kamar Lothagam North da Jarigole suna ba da shawarar al'adar da aka raba ta samarwa, yin da musayar obsidian ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci da ke kewaye da Tafkin, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndiema |first=K. E. |last2=Dillian |first2=C. D. |last3=Braun |first3=D. R. |last4=Harris |first4=J. W. K. |last5=Kiura |first5=P. W. |date=2011 |title=Transport and Subsistence Patterns at the Transition to Pastoralism, Koobi Fora, Kenya |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |journal=Archaeometry |language=en |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1098 |bibcode=2011Archa..53.1085N |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00595.x |issn=0003-813X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasancewar jana'izar mace guda daya da aka baiwa da ɗimbin ƙwayoyin ƙira yana buɗe taga mai ban sha'awa don fahimtar wadatar kayan aiki da ƙwarewa masu ban sha'awar da aka yi amfani da su don yin kayan ado waɗanda galibi an tsara su daga calcite. Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa mutumin yana da matsayi mai girma wanda watakila ta samu ta hanyar rayuwarta. Yawan beads da aka samu ya nuna cewa an ƙunshe su da jiki a cikin murfin ko mayafi. a zahiri, kasancewa wani ɓangare na al'adun gargajiya na kwandon, ana kallon Manemanya a matsayin shaida na rikitarwa na zamantakewa da tunawa da imani da aka raba bayan zuwan kiwo a Turkana Basin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M. |last3=Sawchuk |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Susan K. |last5=Conyers |first5=Lawrence B. |last6=Goldstein |first6=Steven T. |last7=Hill |first7=Austin Chad |last8=Janzen |first8=Anneke |last9=Klehm |first9=Carla E. |last10=Helper |first10=Mark |last11=Kiura |first11=Purity |last12=Ndiema |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Ngugi |first13=Cecilia |last14=Shea |first14=John J. |last15=Wang |first15=Hong |date=2018-09-04 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.8942H |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandGrilloSawchukPfeiffer2018">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Grillo, Katherine M.; Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan K.; Conyers, Lawrence B.; Goldstein, Steven T.; Hill, Austin Chad; Janzen, Anneke; Klehm, Carla E.; Helper, Mark; Kiura, Purity; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Ngugi, Cecilia; Shea, John J.; Wang, Hong (2018-09-04). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 "A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''115''' (36): <span class="nowrap">8942–</span>8947. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.8942H 2018PNAS..115.8942H]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115|10.1073/pnas.1721975115]]</span>. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490 1091-6490]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130363 6130363]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30127016 30127016].</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth A. |last2=Shea |first2=John J. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |date=2011 |title=Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1179/009346911X12991472411088 |issn=0093-4690 |jstor=24407986 |s2cid=54739651 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHildebrandSheaGrillo2011">Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.; Shea, John J.; Grillo, Katherine M. (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 "Four middle Holocene pillar sites in West Turkana, Kenya"]</span>. ''Journal of Field Archaeology''. '''36''' (3): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1179/009346911X12991472411088|10.1179/009346911X12991472411088]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-4690 0093-4690]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24407986 24407986]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54739651 54739651].</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Susan |last3=Klehm |first3=Carla E. |last4=Cameron |first4=Michelle E. |last5=Hill |first5=Austin C. |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Grillo |first7=Katherine M. |last8=Hildebrand |first8=Elisabeth A. |date=2019-11-01 |title=The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences |language=en |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=6221–6241 |bibcode=2019ArAnS..11.6221S |doi=10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 |issn=1866-9565 |pmc=6941650 |pmid=31956376}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSawchukPfeifferKlehmCameron2019">Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.; Pfeiffer, Susan; Klehm, Carla E.; Cameron, Michelle E.; Hill, Austin C.; Janzen, Anneke; Grillo, Katherine M.; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A. (2019-11-01). [[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|"The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya"]]. ''Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences''. '''11''' (11): <span class="nowrap">6221–</span>6241. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ArAnS..11.6221S 2019ArAnS..11.6221S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4|10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-9565 1866-9565]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941650 6941650]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31956376 31956376].</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Grillo |first=Katherine M. |last2=Hildebrand |first2=Elisabeth A. |date=2013 |title=The context of early megalithic architecture in eastern Africa: the Turkana Basin c. 5000-4000 BP |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |language=en |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=193–217 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2013.789188 |issn=0067-270X |s2cid=162193899 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci wanda ya biyo bayan [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Ruwa na Afirka]] (AHP), kuma lokaci ne da aka nuna ta hanyar saurin muhalli, zamantakewa, da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki. Sakamakon haka, wasu malamai suna ganin waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ginshiƙai a matsayin hanyar da makiyaya ke rage haɗari ta hanyar kafa hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a masu ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hildebrand |first=Elisabeth |last2=Grillo |first2=Katherine M |last3=Chritz |first3=Kendra L |last4=Fischer |first4=Markus L |last5=Goldstein |first5=Steven T |last6=Janzen |first6=Anneke |last7=Junginger |first7=Annett |last8=Kinyanjui |first8=Rahab N |last9=Ndiema |first9=Emmanuel |last10=Sawchuk |first10=Elizabeth |last11=Beyin |first11=Amanuel |last12=Pfeiffer |first12=Susan K |date=2022 |title=Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836221121766 |journal=The Holocene |language=en |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=1373–1392 |bibcode=2022Holoc..32.1373H |doi=10.1177/09596836221121766 |issn=0959-6836 |s2cid=252750361 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawchuk |first=Elizabeth A. |last2=Goldstein |first2=Steven T. |last3=Grillo |first3=Katherine M. |last4=Hildebrand |first4=Elisabeth A. |date=2018-09-01 |title=Cemeteries on a moving frontier: Mortuary practices and the spread of pastoralism from the Sahara into eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=187–205 |doi=10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.001 |issn=0278-4165 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7dikn6ihofavq2cdgvlyydnye7uk7k7 0 152608 841185 2026-05-28T08:08:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356405153|Nderit pottery]]" 841185 wikitext text/x-wiki Nderit tukwane wani nau'in tukwane ne wanda aka samo a wuraren binciken archaeological a Afirka, musamman Tanzania da [[Kenya]].<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adderit tukwane, wanda a baya aka sani da al'adar yumbu "Gumban A ware, Louis Leakey ne ya fara rubuta shi a cikin shekarun 1930 a shafuka a cikin kwarin Rift na tsakiya na Kenya.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Halayen salon tukwane na Nderit da aka gano a cikin kwarin Rift na tsakiya sun haɗa da kayan ado na waje na alamun kwando da triangular a cikin yumbu.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Jiragen ruwa a nan ma suna da ƙididdigar ciki waɗanda ba su bayyana suna bin tsari na musamman ba.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Nderit Ware ya nuna misali na sauyawa daga Saharan wavy-line na farko Holocene tukwane zuwa ga zane-zane masu kama da kwando na tsakiyar Holocene.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Hildebrand EA, Grillo KM, Sawchuk EA, Pfeiffer SK, Conyers LB, Goldstein ST, Hill AC, Janzen A, Klehm CE, Helper M, Kiura P, Ndiema E, Ngugi C, Shea JJ, Wang H |date=September 2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da ragowar Lipid da aka samo a kan tukwane na Nderit don nazarin kayan abinci da aka adana a cikinsu ta al'ummomin makiyaya na farko.<ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}</ref> == Halaye == === Rubuce-rubuce === Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya na Nderit suna da tsayi, an tsara su da kyau, kuma sun haɗa da matsakaici zuwa yashi mai laushi. A shafin binciken archaeological na Jarigole, an sami shaidar nau'in mai laushi.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yanayin yashi da aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da tukwane na Nderit yana da bambancin ma'adanai. Nderit yumbu da aka samo a kusa da Tafkin Turkana yawanci suna da launin toka, wanda shine halayyar rage-oxygen firing fasahohi.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> === Siffofin jirgin ruwa === Ginin Nderit ya haɗa da nau'ikan tasoshin iri-iri, kamar kwano, faranti, kwalba, da kwalabe. An samo nau'ikan jirage daban-daban guda ashirin na Nderit a Jarigole Pillar Site. <ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Halayen salo === Sau da yawa ana rufe kayan kwalliya na Nderit a cikin ra'ayoyi masu kama da kwando. An samo alamu masu laushi da laushi a waje na tukwane na Nderit a kan mafi yawan tasoshin da aka samu a Jarigole Pillar Site. Tsarin motsi da aka ƙone a waje na wasu tukwane na Nderit suna kama da tukwane mai laushi da tukwane a arewa maso gabashin Afirka na kwarin Nilu. An kuma gano tukwane na Nderit tare da tasoshin da ke rufe ja. Channeled Ground Nderit yumbu nuna ra'ayoyi masu maimaitawa a waje na tasoshin. Wadannan ra'ayoyin an raba su da tashoshi masu zurfi da aka tono a fadin tsarin waje. Jiragen ruwa da yawa suna dauke da ƙididdigar ciki.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Wuraren binciken kayan tarihi == Shafukan binnewa inda Louis Leakey ya gano tukwane na Nderit sun hada da Hyrax Hill, Stable's Drift, da Makalia Burial Site.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An sake gina tukwane na Leakey don kammala tukwane uku.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Wani shafin da ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit John Bartheleme ne ya gano shi kuma yana gabashin [[Tafkin Turkana]] . <ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Abubuwan da Lawrence H. Robbins ya gano a cikin Gundumar Turkana ta Kenya, wanda aka ba da cikakken bayani a cikin 1972, ya nuna raguwar tukwane tare da bambancin ƙididdigar ciki na Nderit da kuma kamar kwando na waje.<ref name="Robbins_1072">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Robbins LH |date=April 1972 |title=Archeology in the turkana district, kenya |journal=Science |volume=176 |issue=4033 |pages=359–66 |bibcode=1972Sci...176..359R |doi=10.1126/science.176.4033.359 |jstor=1734376 |pmid=17777712}}</ref> Abubuwan tarihi na Robbins" Nderit sun mamaye ko'ina cikin kwarin kogin [[Kogin Turkwel|Turkwel]] da Kerio.<ref name="Robbins_1072" /> An samo tukwane na Nderit tare da lakabin tafkin da ke kewaye da shi wanda za'a iya gano shi shekaru 4800 da suka gabata a Kangatotha, wani shafin kusa da Turkwel.<ref name="Robbins_1072" /> A cikin shafin binciken kayan tarihi na Jarigole, wanda ya kasance makabartar jama'a kusa da Tafkin Turkana, an gano tukwane na Nderit da aka yi wa ado sosai tare da abubuwa daban-daban don kayan ado na mutum.<ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}</ref> Yawancin yumbu da aka samo a Jarigole suna da waje da aka yi wa ado da ra'ayoyin kamar kwando tare da wasu da aka yi musu ado da raƙuman ra'ayoyi da ra'ayi na lissafi.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> Wani shafin da ke dauke da yumbu da raguwa na Nderit shine Dongodien, wanda ke arewacin shafin Jarigole.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> Yankunan da aka tono a Dongodien sun kuma ƙunshi raguwar lipid.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> An samo tukwane na Ripple Nderit da aka ƙone a Lothagam North Pillar Site da Jarigole Pillar Site. <ref name="Grillo_2020" /> == Tarihin lokaci == Wuraren da aka samo tukwane na Nderit sune radiocarbon da aka tsara ta hanyar kayan kamar gawayi, kwayar kwayar kwai (OES), yumbu, da ƙashin mutum. Ɗaya daga cikin rukunin yanar gizon da ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit ya fito ne daga Jarigole Pillar Site na Turkana Basin wanda ke da Beads na OES wanda ya kasance a kusan shekaru 5045-4840 kafin yanzu (BP). Gidan yanar gizon Lothagam North Pillar wanda ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit yana da gawayi wanda ya kasance kusan 4865-4720 BP. Shafin Dongodien a cikin Turkana Basin yana da gawayi wanda ya kasance kusan 4835-4530 BP.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloMcKeebyHildebrand2020">Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E (November 2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|""Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa"]]. ''Quaternary International'': S104061822030344X. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032]]</span>. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228867004 228867004].</cite></ref> == Ƙungiyoyin al'adu == A cikin Makalia Burial Site, an gano kwarangwal guda uku tare da raguwar Nderit, raguwar kwano na dutse, da kayan aikin obsidian. Hyrax Hill ya ƙunshi kusan kwarangwal na mutum 19 a cikin makabartar jama'a da aka binne tare da faranti na dutse da kimanin 1350 yumbu.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloMcKeebyHildebrand2020">Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E (November 2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|""Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa"]]. ''Quaternary International'': S104061822030344X. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032]]</span>. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228867004 228867004].</cite></ref> == Binciken Rashin Rashin Ruwa == Ta hanyar amfani da nazarin sunadarai da isotopic, an gano ragowar lipid a kan yumbu na Nderit daga wuraren tarihi guda biyu a arewacin Kenya, Jarigole da Dongodien . <ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloDunneMarshallPrendergast2020">Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211989 "Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''117''' (18): <span class="nowrap">9793–</span>9799. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1920309117|10.1073/pnas.1920309117]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211989 7211989]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32284419 32284419].</cite></ref> Sherds da aka samo a waɗannan shafuka, da kuma wasu nau'ikan yumbu na Pastoral Neolithic daga shafuka da ke kudu, suna dauke da shaidar farko don sarrafa madara, nama, da tsire-tsire ta al'ummomin Pastoral Neolic a gabashin Afirka. cqw0ths50nvusnanegzjgql5v9at4pq 841186 841185 2026-05-28T08:09:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 841186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nderit tukwane''' wani nau'in tukwane ne wanda aka samo a wuraren binciken archaeological a Afirka, musamman Tanzania da [[Kenya]].<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adderit tukwane, wanda a baya aka sani da al'adar yumbu "Gumban A ware, Louis Leakey ne ya fara rubuta shi a cikin shekarun 1930 a shafuka a cikin kwarin Rift na tsakiya na Kenya.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Halayen salon tukwane na Nderit da aka gano a cikin kwarin Rift na tsakiya sun haɗa da kayan ado na waje na alamun kwando da triangular a cikin yumbu.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Jiragen ruwa a nan ma suna da ƙididdigar ciki waɗanda ba su bayyana suna bin tsari na musamman ba.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Nderit Ware ya nuna misali na sauyawa daga Saharan wavy-line na farko Holocene tukwane zuwa ga zane-zane masu kama da kwando na tsakiyar Holocene.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Hildebrand EA, Grillo KM, Sawchuk EA, Pfeiffer SK, Conyers LB, Goldstein ST, Hill AC, Janzen A, Klehm CE, Helper M, Kiura P, Ndiema E, Ngugi C, Shea JJ, Wang H |date=September 2018 |title=A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=36 |pages=8942–8947 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1721975115 |pmc=6130363 |pmid=30127016 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da ragowar Lipid da aka samo a kan tukwane na Nderit don nazarin kayan abinci da aka adana a cikinsu ta al'ummomin makiyaya na farko.<ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}</ref> == Halaye == === Rubuce-rubuce === Mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya na Nderit suna da tsayi, an tsara su da kyau, kuma sun haɗa da matsakaici zuwa yashi mai laushi. A shafin binciken archaeological na Jarigole, an sami shaidar nau'in mai laushi.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yanayin yashi da aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da tukwane na Nderit yana da bambancin ma'adanai. Nderit yumbu da aka samo a kusa da Tafkin Turkana yawanci suna da launin toka, wanda shine halayyar rage-oxygen firing fasahohi.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> === Siffofin jirgin ruwa === Ginin Nderit ya haɗa da nau'ikan tasoshin iri-iri, kamar kwano, faranti, kwalba, da kwalabe. An samo nau'ikan jirage daban-daban guda ashirin na Nderit a Jarigole Pillar Site. <ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Halayen salo === Sau da yawa ana rufe kayan kwalliya na Nderit a cikin ra'ayoyi masu kama da kwando. An samo alamu masu laushi da laushi a waje na tukwane na Nderit a kan mafi yawan tasoshin da aka samu a Jarigole Pillar Site. Tsarin motsi da aka ƙone a waje na wasu tukwane na Nderit suna kama da tukwane mai laushi da tukwane a arewa maso gabashin Afirka na kwarin Nilu. An kuma gano tukwane na Nderit tare da tasoshin da ke rufe ja. Channeled Ground Nderit yumbu nuna ra'ayoyi masu maimaitawa a waje na tasoshin. Wadannan ra'ayoyin an raba su da tashoshi masu zurfi da aka tono a fadin tsarin waje. Jiragen ruwa da yawa suna dauke da ƙididdigar ciki.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Wuraren binciken kayan tarihi == Shafukan binnewa inda Louis Leakey ya gano tukwane na Nderit sun hada da Hyrax Hill, Stable's Drift, da Makalia Burial Site.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An sake gina tukwane na Leakey don kammala tukwane uku.<ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Wani shafin da ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit John Bartheleme ne ya gano shi kuma yana gabashin [[Tafkin Turkana]] . <ref name="Grillo_2020" /> Abubuwan da Lawrence H. Robbins ya gano a cikin Gundumar Turkana ta Kenya, wanda aka ba da cikakken bayani a cikin 1972, ya nuna raguwar tukwane tare da bambancin ƙididdigar ciki na Nderit da kuma kamar kwando na waje.<ref name="Robbins_1072">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Robbins LH |date=April 1972 |title=Archeology in the turkana district, kenya |journal=Science |volume=176 |issue=4033 |pages=359–66 |bibcode=1972Sci...176..359R |doi=10.1126/science.176.4033.359 |jstor=1734376 |pmid=17777712}}</ref> Abubuwan tarihi na Robbins" Nderit sun mamaye ko'ina cikin kwarin kogin [[Kogin Turkwel|Turkwel]] da Kerio.<ref name="Robbins_1072" /> An samo tukwane na Nderit tare da lakabin tafkin da ke kewaye da shi wanda za'a iya gano shi shekaru 4800 da suka gabata a Kangatotha, wani shafin kusa da Turkwel.<ref name="Robbins_1072" /> A cikin shafin binciken kayan tarihi na Jarigole, wanda ya kasance makabartar jama'a kusa da Tafkin Turkana, an gano tukwane na Nderit da aka yi wa ado sosai tare da abubuwa daban-daban don kayan ado na mutum.<ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}</ref> Yawancin yumbu da aka samo a Jarigole suna da waje da aka yi wa ado da ra'ayoyin kamar kwando tare da wasu da aka yi musu ado da raƙuman ra'ayoyi da ra'ayi na lissafi.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> Wani shafin da ke dauke da yumbu da raguwa na Nderit shine Dongodien, wanda ke arewacin shafin Jarigole.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> Yankunan da aka tono a Dongodien sun kuma ƙunshi raguwar lipid.<ref name="Grillo_2020b" /> An samo tukwane na Ripple Nderit da aka ƙone a Lothagam North Pillar Site da Jarigole Pillar Site. <ref name="Grillo_2020" /> == Tarihin lokaci == Wuraren da aka samo tukwane na Nderit sune radiocarbon da aka tsara ta hanyar kayan kamar gawayi, kwayar kwayar kwai (OES), yumbu, da ƙashin mutum. Ɗaya daga cikin rukunin yanar gizon da ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit ya fito ne daga Jarigole Pillar Site na Turkana Basin wanda ke da Beads na OES wanda ya kasance a kusan shekaru 5045-4840 kafin yanzu (BP). Gidan yanar gizon Lothagam North Pillar wanda ke dauke da tukwane na Nderit yana da gawayi wanda ya kasance kusan 4865-4720 BP. Shafin Dongodien a cikin Turkana Basin yana da gawayi wanda ya kasance kusan 4835-4530 BP.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloMcKeebyHildebrand2020">Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E (November 2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|""Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa"]]. ''Quaternary International'': S104061822030344X. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032]]</span>. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228867004 228867004].</cite></ref> == Ƙungiyoyin al'adu == A cikin Makalia Burial Site, an gano kwarangwal guda uku tare da raguwar Nderit, raguwar kwano na dutse, da kayan aikin obsidian. Hyrax Hill ya ƙunshi kusan kwarangwal na mutum 19 a cikin makabartar jama'a da aka binne tare da faranti na dutse da kimanin 1350 yumbu.<ref name="Grillo_2020">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E |date=November 2020 |title="Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |pages=S104061822030344X |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032 |s2cid=228867004 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloMcKeebyHildebrand2020">Grillo KM, McKeeby Z, Hildebrand E (November 2020). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|""Nderit Ware" and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa"]]. ''Quaternary International'': S104061822030344X. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032|10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.032]]</span>. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:228867004 228867004].</cite></ref> == Binciken Rashin Rashin Ruwa == Ta hanyar amfani da nazarin sunadarai da isotopic, an gano ragowar lipid a kan yumbu na Nderit daga wuraren tarihi guda biyu a arewacin Kenya, Jarigole da Dongodien . <ref name="Grillo_2020b">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, Janzen A, Keute J, Mabulla AZ, Robertshaw P, Gillard T, Walton-Doyle C, Whelton HL, Ryan K, Evershed RP |date=May 2020 |title=Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9793–9799 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1920309117 |pmc=7211989 |pmid=32284419}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGrilloDunneMarshallPrendergast2020">Grillo KM, Dunne J, Marshall F, Prendergast ME, Casanova E, Gidna AO, et&nbsp;al. (May 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211989 "Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''117''' (18): <span class="nowrap">9793–</span>9799. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1920309117|10.1073/pnas.1920309117]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211989 7211989]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32284419 32284419].</cite></ref> Sherds da aka samo a waɗannan shafuka, da kuma wasu nau'ikan yumbu na Pastoral Neolithic daga shafuka da ke kudu, suna dauke da shaidar farko don sarrafa madara, nama, da tsire-tsire ta al'ummomin Pastoral Neolic a gabashin Afirka. mqaip3vaiaqda2s8acey25w5q8wciga 0 152609 841187 2026-05-28T08:10:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355986125|South Island (Kenya)]]" 841187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tsibirin Kudancin''', ko '''Tsibirin Hohnel''' (mai suna bayan Ludwig von Höhnel wanda ya taimaka tare da balaguron Teleki), tsibiri ne mai fashewa kuma mafi girma daga cikin manyan tsibirai 3 a [[Tafkin Turkana]], Kenya. An gano wannan dutsen mai fitattun wuta a cikin 1888 yayin da Count Teleki, mai binciken Hungary wanda ya jagoranci balaguron farko zuwa yankin. Yana daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na Lake Turkana, wanda shine Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tsibirin tsibiri ne mai nisan kilomita 12 da nisan kilomita 5, wanda aka rufe kusan gaba ɗaya da kwararar dutsen da dutsen ya fashe kwanan nan. A kusa da tsibirin ana iya samun wasu ƙananan tsibirai. == Yanayi == Tsibirin gabaɗaya yana da yanayi mai zafi da bushe wanda ke faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Watanni mafi sanyi a tsibirin shine Yuni da Yuli. Iska mai ƙarfi abu ne na yau da kullun daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a tsibirin yana da matsakaicin 250mm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Island National Park Kenya |url=https://www.amboseliparkkenya.com/south-island-national-park-kenya/ |access-date=December 30, 2022 |publisher=Amboseli National Park}}</ref> == Bincike == An kama tafkin Turkana kuma an ratsa shi dubban shekaru ta hanyar kabilun yankin. A cikin 1888, Samuel Teleki, mai binciken Hungary, ya tashi zuwa tafiya a Gabashin Afirka musamman a arewacin Kenya da kudancin Habasha tare da Ludwig von Höhnel, jami'in sojan ruwa na Austriya kuma mai bincike. Su ne Turawa na farko da suka ga wurare da yawa ciki har da Tafkin Turkana wanda ake kira Lake Rudolf (mai suna bayan Yarima Rudolf na Austria) lokacin da aka gano shi, Lake Chew Bahir wanda ake kira Tafkin Stefanie (mai suna ne bayan Princess Stephanie na Belgium). Sun kuma ga Dutsen Volcano na Teleki (mai suna bayan Teleki) da Tsibirin Kudancin. Teleki da Höhnel sun yi bincike da yawa game da yanayin yankin, al'umma da sauransu. Dukkanin ayyukansu an buga su a cikin wani littafi mai suna The Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie a cikin 1892 da Höhnel da kansa. == Mutane da sauran jinsuna == [[UNESCO]] ta sanya shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin 1997, tsibirin dutsen mai girman kilomita 39 kusan ba shi da amfani kuma ba a zaune ba, tare da 'yan shrubs da bishiyoyi kawai kuma kusan babu ruwa mai kyau. Yana da wasu zane-zane na dutse, yana nuna kasancewar mutum na baya. Yawan namun daji sun hada da manyan crocodiles, nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa ciki har da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura na Turai, macizai masu guba da awaki. Akwai karamin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma wurin shakatawa da aka tsara a gefen yamma. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tsibirin yana zaune a kudancin Tafkin Turkana wanda aka kafa ta Gabashin Afirka Rift System (EARS). Tare da EARS yana zaune da tsaunuka masu yawa, waɗanda suka fi kusa da Tsibirin Kudancin ciki har da [[Tsibirin Tsakiya]], [[North Island (Kenya)|Tsibirin Arewa]], The Barrier da sauransu. EARS, wani yanki mai laushi wanda ya kai har zuwa [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] zuwa [[Eritrea]], iyaka ce mai banbanci wanda ke raba Farantin Afirka da Farantin Somaliya a cikin 'yan millimeters a kowace shekara. A sakamakon haka, ana haifar da aikin girgizar ƙasa wanda wani lokacin zai iya samun girgizar kasa mafi girma da kuma belin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta da ake ciyar da su ta hanyar rift tunda a wannan yanayin tectonics da volcanism suna da alaƙa da juna.<ref name="magma">{{Cite journal |last=Wadge |first=G. |last2=Biggs |first2=J. |last3=Lloyd |first3=R. |last4=Kendall |first4=J.-M. |date=30 September 2016 |title=Historical Volcanism and the State of Stress in the East African Rift System |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/feart.2016.00086 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Hanyoyin Magma === Dutsen yana zaune a kan wani yanki mai laushi, wanda ke nufin cewa motsi na tectonic yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da magma. A wannan yanayin, motsi na tectonic wani abu ne kamar yadda ginin dutsen wuta ko kayan da ke karkashin kasa ke cikin ɓawon burodi, wanda ke canza damuwa ta bambanci kuma yana shafar ɓawon burodin sama dangane da radius na kayan dutsen wuta. A halin yanzu, babban matsin lamba yana mai da hankali ga mafi girman kaya a cikin kayan. Wannan aikin mai da hankali (yawanci tare da filin damuwa na asymmetrical) yana haifar da ƙirƙirar ɗakin magma.<ref name="magma">{{Cite journal |last=Wadge |first=G. |last2=Biggs |first2=J. |last3=Lloyd |first3=R. |last4=Kendall |first4=J.-M. |date=30 September 2016 |title=Historical Volcanism and the State of Stress in the East African Rift System |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/feart.2016.00086 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == [[Fayil:Lake_Turkana_South.jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Tafkin Turkana da Tsibirin Kudancin da aka kalli daga gabas daga jirgin sama.]] A kan Tsibirin Kudancin ana iya samun N-S (daga arewa zuwa kudu) tudun dutsen mai fitattun wuta wanda ya tashi zuwa kimanin tsawo na 300 m. Tare da wannan tudun ana iya samun ƙwayoyin dutsen mai tsawo da yawa, wanda wasu suka tashi zuwa kimanin 800 m (sama da matakin teku, 320 m sama da matakin tafkin). Hakanan ana iya samun kuskuren N-S da yawa a gefen gabas da yammacin babban tudun, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa tsibirin yana zaune a kan wani horst. A cikin yanayin, gefen gabas da yammacin tsibirin sun bambanta da juna. A gabas, ruwan dutse mai laushi wanda ya samo asali ne daga kusa da tudun ya zubo har zuwa bakin teku wanda ya rufe gabashin gaba ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta, ɓangaren yammacin galibi an rufe shi da toka mara ƙarfi, mai yiwuwa daga iskõki na kudu maso yamma. Ana gina ruwan da ke gudana da duwatsun pyroclastic a kan tsofaffin tuffs da ƙananan matashin matashi. Ana iya ganin rairayin bakin teku na Sandy a gefen yammacin tsibirin. A wani wuri, ƙananan rairayin bakin teku da wuraren duwatsu suna cikin ƙananan tuddai a gefen yamma da arewa. Tsohon duwatsu da ma'adanai a tsibirin sune jerin lavas na basaltic da aka samo a kan tudu na gabar arewa maso gabashin da Enwoiti Islet (wanda ke 100m gabashin Tsibirin Kudancin). Jerin duwatsu, daga tushe zuwa saman, sun haɗa da hyaloclastites, lavas na matashin kai, da kuma yaduwar dutse. Wannan jerin an kiyasta ya zama mita 30-40 mai kauri. Wadannan raka'a na tsofaffin duwatsu an rufe su da wani dutse wanda ke tafiya har zuwa gefen yammacin tudun. == Manazarta == 13xicp9fqskxnulfk2bbaoyoknf4wjo 841189 841187 2026-05-28T08:10:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 841189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsibirin Kudancin''', ko '''Tsibirin Hohnel''' (mai suna bayan Ludwig von Höhnel wanda ya taimaka tare da balaguron Teleki), tsibiri ne mai fashewa kuma mafi girma daga cikin manyan tsibirai 3 a [[Tafkin Turkana]], Kenya. An gano wannan dutsen mai fitattun wuta a cikin 1888 yayin da Count Teleki, mai binciken Hungary wanda ya jagoranci balaguron farko zuwa yankin. Yana daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na Lake Turkana, wanda shine Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tsibirin tsibiri ne mai nisan kilomita 12 da nisan kilomita 5, wanda aka rufe kusan gaba ɗaya da kwararar dutsen da dutsen ya fashe kwanan nan. A kusa da tsibirin ana iya samun wasu ƙananan tsibirai. == Yanayi == Tsibirin gabaɗaya yana da yanayi mai zafi da bushe wanda ke faruwa daga Disamba zuwa Maris. Watanni mafi sanyi a tsibirin shine Yuni da Yuli. Iska mai ƙarfi abu ne na yau da kullun daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a tsibirin yana da matsakaicin 250mm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Island National Park Kenya |url=https://www.amboseliparkkenya.com/south-island-national-park-kenya/ |access-date=December 30, 2022 |publisher=Amboseli National Park}}</ref> == Bincike == An kama tafkin Turkana kuma an ratsa shi dubban shekaru ta hanyar kabilun yankin. A cikin 1888, Samuel Teleki, mai binciken Hungary, ya tashi zuwa tafiya a Gabashin Afirka musamman a arewacin Kenya da kudancin Habasha tare da Ludwig von Höhnel, jami'in sojan ruwa na Austriya kuma mai bincike. Su ne Turawa na farko da suka ga wurare da yawa ciki har da Tafkin Turkana wanda ake kira Lake Rudolf (mai suna bayan Yarima Rudolf na Austria) lokacin da aka gano shi, Lake Chew Bahir wanda ake kira Tafkin Stefanie (mai suna ne bayan Princess Stephanie na Belgium). Sun kuma ga Dutsen Volcano na Teleki (mai suna bayan Teleki) da Tsibirin Kudancin. Teleki da Höhnel sun yi bincike da yawa game da yanayin yankin, al'umma da sauransu. Dukkanin ayyukansu an buga su a cikin wani littafi mai suna The Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie a cikin 1892 da Höhnel da kansa. == Mutane da sauran jinsuna == [[UNESCO]] ta sanya shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin 1997, tsibirin dutsen mai girman kilomita 39 kusan ba shi da amfani kuma ba a zaune ba, tare da 'yan shrubs da bishiyoyi kawai kuma kusan babu ruwa mai kyau. Yana da wasu zane-zane na dutse, yana nuna kasancewar mutum na baya. Yawan namun daji sun hada da manyan crocodiles, nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa ciki har da tsuntsaye masu ƙaura na Turai, macizai masu guba da awaki. Akwai karamin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma wurin shakatawa da aka tsara a gefen yamma. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tsibirin yana zaune a kudancin Tafkin Turkana wanda aka kafa ta Gabashin Afirka Rift System (EARS). Tare da EARS yana zaune da tsaunuka masu yawa, waɗanda suka fi kusa da Tsibirin Kudancin ciki har da [[Tsibirin Tsakiya]], [[North Island (Kenya)|Tsibirin Arewa]], The Barrier da sauransu. EARS, wani yanki mai laushi wanda ya kai har zuwa [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] zuwa [[Eritrea]], iyaka ce mai banbanci wanda ke raba Farantin Afirka da Farantin Somaliya a cikin 'yan millimeters a kowace shekara. A sakamakon haka, ana haifar da aikin girgizar ƙasa wanda wani lokacin zai iya samun girgizar kasa mafi girma da kuma belin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta da ake ciyar da su ta hanyar rift tunda a wannan yanayin tectonics da volcanism suna da alaƙa da juna.<ref name="magma">{{Cite journal |last=Wadge |first=G. |last2=Biggs |first2=J. |last3=Lloyd |first3=R. |last4=Kendall |first4=J.-M. |date=30 September 2016 |title=Historical Volcanism and the State of Stress in the East African Rift System |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/feart.2016.00086 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Hanyoyin Magma === Dutsen yana zaune a kan wani yanki mai laushi, wanda ke nufin cewa motsi na tectonic yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da magma. A wannan yanayin, motsi na tectonic wani abu ne kamar yadda ginin dutsen wuta ko kayan da ke karkashin kasa ke cikin ɓawon burodi, wanda ke canza damuwa ta bambanci kuma yana shafar ɓawon burodin sama dangane da radius na kayan dutsen wuta. A halin yanzu, babban matsin lamba yana mai da hankali ga mafi girman kaya a cikin kayan. Wannan aikin mai da hankali (yawanci tare da filin damuwa na asymmetrical) yana haifar da ƙirƙirar ɗakin magma.<ref name="magma">{{Cite journal |last=Wadge |first=G. |last2=Biggs |first2=J. |last3=Lloyd |first3=R. |last4=Kendall |first4=J.-M. |date=30 September 2016 |title=Historical Volcanism and the State of Stress in the East African Rift System |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/feart.2016.00086 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == [[Fayil:Lake_Turkana_South.jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Tafkin Turkana da Tsibirin Kudancin da aka kalli daga gabas daga jirgin sama.]] A kan Tsibirin Kudancin ana iya samun N-S (daga arewa zuwa kudu) tudun dutsen mai fitattun wuta wanda ya tashi zuwa kimanin tsawo na 300 m. Tare da wannan tudun ana iya samun ƙwayoyin dutsen mai tsawo da yawa, wanda wasu suka tashi zuwa kimanin 800 m (sama da matakin teku, 320 m sama da matakin tafkin). Hakanan ana iya samun kuskuren N-S da yawa a gefen gabas da yammacin babban tudun, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa tsibirin yana zaune a kan wani horst. A cikin yanayin, gefen gabas da yammacin tsibirin sun bambanta da juna. A gabas, ruwan dutse mai laushi wanda ya samo asali ne daga kusa da tudun ya zubo har zuwa bakin teku wanda ya rufe gabashin gaba ɗaya. Idan aka kwatanta, ɓangaren yammacin galibi an rufe shi da toka mara ƙarfi, mai yiwuwa daga iskõki na kudu maso yamma. Ana gina ruwan da ke gudana da duwatsun pyroclastic a kan tsofaffin tuffs da ƙananan matashin matashi. Ana iya ganin rairayin bakin teku na Sandy a gefen yammacin tsibirin. A wani wuri, ƙananan rairayin bakin teku da wuraren duwatsu suna cikin ƙananan tuddai a gefen yamma da arewa. Tsohon duwatsu da ma'adanai a tsibirin sune jerin lavas na basaltic da aka samo a kan tudu na gabar arewa maso gabashin da Enwoiti Islet (wanda ke 100m gabashin Tsibirin Kudancin). Jerin duwatsu, daga tushe zuwa saman, sun haɗa da hyaloclastites, lavas na matashin kai, da kuma yaduwar dutse. Wannan jerin an kiyasta ya zama mita 30-40 mai kauri. Wadannan raka'a na tsofaffin duwatsu an rufe su da wani dutse wanda ke tafiya har zuwa gefen yammacin tudun. == Manazarta == esgp659zxlvuvfrm1g81hnirxw6g2fh 0 152610 841190 2026-05-28T08:11:31Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325041400|Affiniam]]" 841190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Affinam''' ƙaramin gari ne a Sashen Bignona a Yankin Ziguinchor da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Senegal]] . A shekarar 2002, tana da yawan jama'a 1620. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Affiniam |url=http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idloc=02134001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214603/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idloc=02134001 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=10 September 2016 |publisher=PEPAM}}</ref> Garin yana gefen arewacin [[Kogin Casamance]], tare da babban garin yankin Casamance, Ziguinchor, yana da nisan kilomita kaɗan kudu maso gabashin kogin. Yankin yana da rinjayen noman shinkafa. An gina madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1988 tare da haɗin gwiwar [[Sin|China]] a kan gonakin mangoro zuwa Bignona don cire gishiri da ban ruwa a gonakin shinkafa . Aikin bai yi nasara ba saboda rashin kayan gudanarwa da fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Ambassador to Senegal Inspects Affiniam Dam Project |url=http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=3006&cid=119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917065830/http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=3006&cid=119 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=10 September 2016 |publisher=China International Water and Electric Company}}</ref> Affiniam ya ƙunshi abin da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa impluvium - babban gida mai laushi mai laushi tare da rufin da ke da siffar bututun" wanda ya kasance wurin mafaka a lokacin yaƙi. == Manazarta == ettpyd2c2rbgxzdfe21elkmfhgc07g9 841192 841190 2026-05-28T08:12:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Affinam''' ƙaramin gari ne a Sashen Bignona a Yankin Ziguinchor da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Senegal]] . A shekarar 2002, tana da yawan jama'a 1620. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Affiniam |url=http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idloc=02134001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214603/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/acces.php?idloc=02134001 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=10 September 2016 |publisher=PEPAM}}</ref> Garin yana gefen arewacin [[Kogin Casamance]], tare da babban garin yankin Casamance, Ziguinchor, yana da nisan kilomita kaɗan kudu maso gabashin kogin. Yankin yana da rinjayen noman shinkafa. An gina madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1988 tare da haɗin gwiwar [[Sin|China]] a kan gonakin mangoro zuwa Bignona don cire gishiri da ban ruwa a gonakin shinkafa . Aikin bai yi nasara ba saboda rashin kayan gudanarwa da fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Ambassador to Senegal Inspects Affiniam Dam Project |url=http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=3006&cid=119 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917065830/http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=3006&cid=119 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |access-date=10 September 2016 |publisher=China International Water and Electric Company}}</ref> Affiniam ya ƙunshi abin da aka bayyana a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa impluvium - babban gida mai laushi mai laushi tare da rufin da ke da siffar bututun" wanda ya kasance wurin mafaka a lokacin yaƙi. == Manazarta == fgdeviu71ailf4cvpt72ad3yv1i3fiu 0 152611 841191 2026-05-28T08:12:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354473935|Turkana Boy]]" 841191 wikitext text/x-wiki Turkana Boy, wanda kuma ake kira Nariokotome Boy, shine sunan da aka ba burbushin '''KNM-WT 15000''', kusan cikakkiyar kwarangwal na matashi na ''Homo erectus'' wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 1.5 zuwa 1.6 da suka gabata. Wannan samfurin shine mafi cikakkiyar kwarangwal ta Homo erectus da aka taɓa samu.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schiess R, Haeusler M |year=2013 |title=No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=365–374 |bibcode=2013AJPA..150..365S |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22211 |pmid=23283736}}</ref> Wasu hukumomi sun sanya shi a matsayin ''Homo ergaster.'' Kamoya Kimeu ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1984 a bakin kogin Nariokotome kusa da [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brown F, Harris J, Leakey R, Walker A |year=1985 |title=Early ''Homo erectus'' skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=316 |issue=6031 |pages=788–792 |bibcode=1985Natur.316..788B |doi=10.1038/316788a0 |pmid=3929141 |s2cid=4311887}}</ref> Kimanin shekarun mutum a lokacin mutuwarsa ya kasance daga shekaru 7 zuwa 11.<ref name="Graves10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL |year=2010 |title=Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000? |journal=J Hum Evol |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=542–554 |bibcode=2010JHumE..59..542G |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.007 |pmid=20846707}}</ref> == Matasa da balaga == [[Fayil:Homo-erectus_Turkana-Boy_(Ausschnitt)_Fundort_Nariokotome,_Kenia,_Rekonstruktion_im_Neanderthal_Museum.jpg|left|thumb|Ginin ɗan Turkana da aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Neanderthal.]] Kodayake samfurin an fi la'akari da namiji saboda siffar kwatangwalo, jima'i ba a tantance shi ba saboda shekarun da ya gabata. Kimanin shekarun a lokacin mutuwa ya dogara da ko ana amfani da matakin balaga na hakora ko kwarangwal, kuma ana kwatanta wannan balaga da na [[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]] ko zuwa chimpanzees. Wani muhimmin abu shi ne cewa mutane na zamani suna da alamar girma na matasa, yayin da chimpanzees ba su da. Bincike na farko ya ɗauka nau'in ɗan adam na zamani, amma shaidar kwanan nan daga wasu burbushin sun nuna cewa wannan bai kasance a cikin hominins na farko ba. Wannan bambancin yana shafar kimantawa na duka shekaru da kuma yiwuwar girman samfurin a matsayin cikakkiyar girma.<ref name="Graves10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL |year=2010 |title=Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000? |journal=J Hum Evol |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=542–554 |bibcode=2010JHumE..59..542G |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.007 |pmid=20846707}}</ref> Alan Walker da Richard Leakey a cikin 1993 sun kiyasta cewa yaron yana da kimanin shekaru 11-12 bisa ga sanannun ƙoshin ƙashi.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Alan Walker (anthropologist)}}</ref> Walker da Leakey (1993) sun ce soyayya ta hakora sau da yawa tana ba da ƙarami fiye da ainihin shekarun mutum. Christopher Dean (M. C. Dean) na Kwalejin Jami'ar London, a cikin 2009 Nova na musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Becoming Human |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/becominghuman/about.html |publisher=PBS}}</ref> ya kiyasta cewa Turkana Boy yana da shekaru 8 a lokacin mutuwarsa. == Yanayin Yanayi == [[Fayil:Turkana_boy_by_Mauricio_Antón.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Skeleton da sake gina rayuwar Turkana Boy]] Samfurin ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa 108, yana mai da shi cikakkiyar kwatangwalo ta mutum ta farko da aka gano. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2018 ya kiyasta cewa yana da tsayi {{Cvt|154|cm|ftin|0}} in) kuma yana da nauyin 51-54 kg (112-119 lokacin da ya mutu. A lokacin da ya girma, Turkana Boy na iya kaiwa 160-178 ft - 5 in) tsawo kuma ya yi nauyi 60-83 . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=D. L. |last2=Graves |first2=R. R. |last3=Wescott |first3=D. J. |last4=McCarthy |first4=R. C. |year=2018 |title=The effect of ontogeny on estimates of KNM-WT 15000's adult body size |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=119-127 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.002 |pmid=29754743}}</ref> Kwayar tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da ''[[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]]'', wanda mai yiwuwa ne don ingantaccen tafiya madaidaiciya. Wannan ya kara nuna cikakken bipedalism na ƙasa, wanda ya bambanta da tsofaffin nau'ikan hominin waɗanda ke nuna haɗin fasalin bipedalism da hawan bishiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bilsborough A |date=16 June 1997 |title=The 1.5-million-year-old |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/160043.article |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=timeshighereducation.co.uk |publisher=TSL Education Ltd}}</ref> Yaron yana da tsayi sosai, wanda ya kara girman jikinsa wanda zai kara yawan zafi da kuma hana damuwa da zafi a karkashin rana mai zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaving home – 2 million years ago |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/human/human_evolution/leaving_home1.shtml |access-date=30 July 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ƙashin KNM-WT 15000 har yanzu yana da siffofi (kamar ƙanƙanin goshi, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa mai ƙarfi, da rashin gemu) wanda ba a gani a cikin ''H. sapiens'' ba. Koyaya, akwai mahimman haruffa masu ma'ana, kamar girman kwakwalwa (880 cc). Hannun hannu da kafafu sun ɗan fi tsayi suna nuna tasiri mai tasiri. Hanci yana nunawa kamar na mutane maimakon buɗe hanci da aka gani a wasu birai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Museums of Kenya |title=KNM-WT-15000 (Homo-Erectus) "Turkana boy or Nariokotome boy" – big boy |url=http://www.museums.or.ke/Turkana_Boy_factsheet.pdf |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=museums.or.ke}}</ref> Hakanan gashin jiki na iya zama mai laushi (watakila tsirara) kuma mai yiwuwa tare da karuwar gumi glands don hanzarta sanyaya. == Ikon murya == Kashi na burbushin halittu da sauran shaidun burbushin burbushin, kamar Kayan aikin dutse na Acheulean, sun sa yawancin masana kimiyya su kammala cewa ''Homo erectus'' - ba kamar kakanninsu na farko ba - sun zama masu [[Farauta|mafarauta]] masu inganci. Tsarin zamantakewa mai yiwuwa ya zama mafi rikitarwa tare da Girman kwakwalwa; Yankin Broca na kwakwalwa yana ba da damar magana kuma an lura da shi ta hanyar ɗan karkata a kan gashin kai. Turkana Boy's thoracic vertebrae are narrow than in ''Homo sapiens'' . Wannan zai ba shi damar rage ikon motsi a kan tsokoki na kirji waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin mutane na zamani don canza [[numfashi]] don ba da damar tsarawa a kan numfashi guda ɗaya na murya mai rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP |year=1999 |title=The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control |journal=Am J Phys Anthropol |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=341–363 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-2 |pmid=10407464}}</ref> == Cutar == Nazarin farko ya nuna cewa Turkana Boy ya sha wahala daga rikicewar haihuwa, ko dai dwarfism ko scoliosis. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari sun bayyana ba daidai ba ne ga kashin baya, a lokacin da aka danganta shi da dysplasia na kwarangwal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghose T |date=19 March 2013 |title=Best-Preserved Human Ancestor Didn't Have Bone Disorder |url=http://www.livescience.com/28016-turkana-boy-had-normal-spine.html |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=Live Science}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 2013, wani binciken ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka sake tsara ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari, sun zama daidai da kashin baya, kuma cewa wani tsari mai ban mamaki na kashin baya shine halayyar hominins na farko. Koyaya, burbushin tabbas ya nuna herniation na lumbar disc, rauni da ke tattare da mutuwar samfurin.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schiess R, Haeusler M |year=2013 |title=No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=365–374 |bibcode=2013AJPA..150..365S |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22211 |pmid=23283736}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSchiessHaeusler2013">Schiess R, Haeusler M (2013). "No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column". ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology''. '''150''' (3): <span class="nowrap">365–</span>374. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AJPA..150..365S 2013AJPA..150..365S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.22211|10.1002/ajpa.22211]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283736 23283736].</cite></ref> Har ila yau, samfurin yana da ƙuƙwalwar da ke fama da rashin lafiya. == Nunawa == Ana gudanar da burbushin a cikin [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]] kuma ana nuna simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwenda |first=Lilian |date=17 January 2025 |title=Turkana Boy: Kenya's Eternal Ambassador |url=https://museums.or.ke/turkana-boy-kenyas-eternal-ambassador/ |publisher=National Museums of Kenya}}</ref> == Manazarta ==   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ejcp2thejdfrjwdta3laiwp62kadmyw 841193 841191 2026-05-28T08:12:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Turkana Boy''', wanda kuma ake kira Nariokotome Boy, shine sunan da aka ba burbushin '''KNM-WT 15000''', kusan cikakkiyar kwarangwal na matashi na ''Homo erectus'' wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 1.5 zuwa 1.6 da suka gabata. Wannan samfurin shine mafi cikakkiyar kwarangwal ta Homo erectus da aka taɓa samu.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schiess R, Haeusler M |year=2013 |title=No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=365–374 |bibcode=2013AJPA..150..365S |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22211 |pmid=23283736}}</ref> Wasu hukumomi sun sanya shi a matsayin ''Homo ergaster.'' Kamoya Kimeu ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1984 a bakin kogin Nariokotome kusa da [[Tafkin Turkana]] a [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brown F, Harris J, Leakey R, Walker A |year=1985 |title=Early ''Homo erectus'' skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=316 |issue=6031 |pages=788–792 |bibcode=1985Natur.316..788B |doi=10.1038/316788a0 |pmid=3929141 |s2cid=4311887}}</ref> Kimanin shekarun mutum a lokacin mutuwarsa ya kasance daga shekaru 7 zuwa 11.<ref name="Graves10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL |year=2010 |title=Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000? |journal=J Hum Evol |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=542–554 |bibcode=2010JHumE..59..542G |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.007 |pmid=20846707}}</ref> == Matasa da balaga == [[Fayil:Homo-erectus_Turkana-Boy_(Ausschnitt)_Fundort_Nariokotome,_Kenia,_Rekonstruktion_im_Neanderthal_Museum.jpg|left|thumb|Ginin ɗan Turkana da aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Neanderthal.]] Kodayake samfurin an fi la'akari da namiji saboda siffar kwatangwalo, jima'i ba a tantance shi ba saboda shekarun da ya gabata. Kimanin shekarun a lokacin mutuwa ya dogara da ko ana amfani da matakin balaga na hakora ko kwarangwal, kuma ana kwatanta wannan balaga da na [[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]] ko zuwa chimpanzees. Wani muhimmin abu shi ne cewa mutane na zamani suna da alamar girma na matasa, yayin da chimpanzees ba su da. Bincike na farko ya ɗauka nau'in ɗan adam na zamani, amma shaidar kwanan nan daga wasu burbushin sun nuna cewa wannan bai kasance a cikin hominins na farko ba. Wannan bambancin yana shafar kimantawa na duka shekaru da kuma yiwuwar girman samfurin a matsayin cikakkiyar girma.<ref name="Graves10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL |year=2010 |title=Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000? |journal=J Hum Evol |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=542–554 |bibcode=2010JHumE..59..542G |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.007 |pmid=20846707}}</ref> Alan Walker da Richard Leakey a cikin 1993 sun kiyasta cewa yaron yana da kimanin shekaru 11-12 bisa ga sanannun ƙoshin ƙashi.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Alan Walker (anthropologist)}}</ref> Walker da Leakey (1993) sun ce soyayya ta hakora sau da yawa tana ba da ƙarami fiye da ainihin shekarun mutum. Christopher Dean (M. C. Dean) na Kwalejin Jami'ar London, a cikin 2009 Nova na musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Becoming Human |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/becominghuman/about.html |publisher=PBS}}</ref> ya kiyasta cewa Turkana Boy yana da shekaru 8 a lokacin mutuwarsa. == Yanayin Yanayi == [[Fayil:Turkana_boy_by_Mauricio_Antón.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Skeleton da sake gina rayuwar Turkana Boy]] Samfurin ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa 108, yana mai da shi cikakkiyar kwatangwalo ta mutum ta farko da aka gano. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2018 ya kiyasta cewa yana da tsayi {{Cvt|154|cm|ftin|0}} in) kuma yana da nauyin 51-54 kg (112-119 lokacin da ya mutu. A lokacin da ya girma, Turkana Boy na iya kaiwa 160-178 ft - 5 in) tsawo kuma ya yi nauyi 60-83 . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=D. L. |last2=Graves |first2=R. R. |last3=Wescott |first3=D. J. |last4=McCarthy |first4=R. C. |year=2018 |title=The effect of ontogeny on estimates of KNM-WT 15000's adult body size |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=121 |pages=119-127 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.002 |pmid=29754743}}</ref> Kwayar tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da ''[[Ɗan Adam|Homo sapiens]]'', wanda mai yiwuwa ne don ingantaccen tafiya madaidaiciya. Wannan ya kara nuna cikakken bipedalism na ƙasa, wanda ya bambanta da tsofaffin nau'ikan hominin waɗanda ke nuna haɗin fasalin bipedalism da hawan bishiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bilsborough A |date=16 June 1997 |title=The 1.5-million-year-old |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/160043.article |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=timeshighereducation.co.uk |publisher=TSL Education Ltd}}</ref> Yaron yana da tsayi sosai, wanda ya kara girman jikinsa wanda zai kara yawan zafi da kuma hana damuwa da zafi a karkashin rana mai zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaving home – 2 million years ago |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/human/human_evolution/leaving_home1.shtml |access-date=30 July 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ƙashin KNM-WT 15000 har yanzu yana da siffofi (kamar ƙanƙanin goshi, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa mai ƙarfi, da rashin gemu) wanda ba a gani a cikin ''H. sapiens'' ba. Koyaya, akwai mahimman haruffa masu ma'ana, kamar girman kwakwalwa (880 cc). Hannun hannu da kafafu sun ɗan fi tsayi suna nuna tasiri mai tasiri. Hanci yana nunawa kamar na mutane maimakon buɗe hanci da aka gani a wasu birai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Museums of Kenya |title=KNM-WT-15000 (Homo-Erectus) "Turkana boy or Nariokotome boy" – big boy |url=http://www.museums.or.ke/Turkana_Boy_factsheet.pdf |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=museums.or.ke}}</ref> Hakanan gashin jiki na iya zama mai laushi (watakila tsirara) kuma mai yiwuwa tare da karuwar gumi glands don hanzarta sanyaya. == Ikon murya == Kashi na burbushin halittu da sauran shaidun burbushin burbushin, kamar Kayan aikin dutse na Acheulean, sun sa yawancin masana kimiyya su kammala cewa ''Homo erectus'' - ba kamar kakanninsu na farko ba - sun zama masu [[Farauta|mafarauta]] masu inganci. Tsarin zamantakewa mai yiwuwa ya zama mafi rikitarwa tare da Girman kwakwalwa; Yankin Broca na kwakwalwa yana ba da damar magana kuma an lura da shi ta hanyar ɗan karkata a kan gashin kai. Turkana Boy's thoracic vertebrae are narrow than in ''Homo sapiens'' . Wannan zai ba shi damar rage ikon motsi a kan tsokoki na kirji waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin mutane na zamani don canza [[numfashi]] don ba da damar tsarawa a kan numfashi guda ɗaya na murya mai rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP |year=1999 |title=The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control |journal=Am J Phys Anthropol |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=341–363 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-2 |pmid=10407464}}</ref> == Cutar == Nazarin farko ya nuna cewa Turkana Boy ya sha wahala daga rikicewar haihuwa, ko dai dwarfism ko scoliosis. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari sun bayyana ba daidai ba ne ga kashin baya, a lokacin da aka danganta shi da dysplasia na kwarangwal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghose T |date=19 March 2013 |title=Best-Preserved Human Ancestor Didn't Have Bone Disorder |url=http://www.livescience.com/28016-turkana-boy-had-normal-spine.html |access-date=30 July 2013 |website=Live Science}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 2013, wani binciken ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka sake tsara ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari, sun zama daidai da kashin baya, kuma cewa wani tsari mai ban mamaki na kashin baya shine halayyar hominins na farko. Koyaya, burbushin tabbas ya nuna herniation na lumbar disc, rauni da ke tattare da mutuwar samfurin.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schiess R, Haeusler M |year=2013 |title=No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=365–374 |bibcode=2013AJPA..150..365S |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22211 |pmid=23283736}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSchiessHaeusler2013">Schiess R, Haeusler M (2013). "No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (''Homo erectus'') – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column". ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology''. '''150''' (3): <span class="nowrap">365–</span>374. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AJPA..150..365S 2013AJPA..150..365S]. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ajpa.22211|10.1002/ajpa.22211]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283736 23283736].</cite></ref> Har ila yau, samfurin yana da ƙuƙwalwar da ke fama da rashin lafiya. == Nunawa == Ana gudanar da burbushin a cikin [[Gidan tarihin kasa na Kenya|Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya]] kuma ana nuna simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwenda |first=Lilian |date=17 January 2025 |title=Turkana Boy: Kenya's Eternal Ambassador |url=https://museums.or.ke/turkana-boy-kenyas-eternal-ambassador/ |publisher=National Museums of Kenya}}</ref> == Manazarta ==   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mpnpd28m54hgkfxwhocl5qdxjepyvky 0 152612 841194 2026-05-28T08:13:07Z AKA024 30597 Sabon shafi: '''Chike C. Aniakor''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Agustan 1939) ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasaha, masanin tarihin fasaha, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. Ayyukansa suna mayar da hankali ne kan jigogi na falsafa, siyasa da addini waɗanda suka shafi al’ummar Igbo da kuma Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya.<ref name="imagomundicollection.org">{{Cite web |title=Imago Mundi Collection |url=https://imagomundicollection.org/artworks/chike-aniakor-global-warming/ |access-date= |website=imagomundicollection.o... 841194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chike C. Aniakor''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Agustan 1939) ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasaha, masanin tarihin fasaha, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. Ayyukansa suna mayar da hankali ne kan jigogi na falsafa, siyasa da addini waɗanda suka shafi al’ummar Igbo da kuma Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya.<ref name="imagomundicollection.org">{{Cite web |title=Imago Mundi Collection |url=https://imagomundicollection.org/artworks/chike-aniakor-global-warming/ |access-date= |website=imagomundicollection.org}}</ref> An adana wasu daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa na fasaha a manyan gidajen adana kayan tarihi na duniya, ciki har da Smithsonian Institution, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa da ke Najeriya (Nigerian National Gallery of Art), da kuma Museum für Völkerkunde da ke Frankfurt a Jamus. Aniakor fitaccen marubuci ne mai yawan wallafe-wallafe, inda ya rubuta littattafai da muƙalu sama da 75 a fannoni daban-daban na fasaha, tarihi da al’adu. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi '''Chike Cyril Aniakor''' a garin Abatete da ke Jihar Anambra a Gabashin Najeriya ranar 21 ga Agustan shekarar 1939.<ref name="Nwafor-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Nwafor |first=Okechukwu |date=2020 |title=Chike C Aniakor: The The Community and a Congregation of Figural Elements |url=https://doi.org/https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/43250. |journal=African Arts |volume=4 |pages=58–67 }}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ƙwararriyar mai zane-zanen '''Uli''' ce, wani salo na fasahar gargajiyar Igbo.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun yana ƙarami ya samu kusanci da al’adu da gargajiyar Igbo, lamarin da ya haɓaka sha’awarsa ga raye-raye, fasaha, bukukuwan gargajiya da kuma tsarin gine-ginen al’ummar Igbo.<ref name="Jegede-1997">{{Cite book |last=Jegede |first=Dele |title=New Traditions from Nigeria: Seven Artists of the Nsukka |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1997 |pages=2–109}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1964, Aniakor ya yi karatu a '''Nigerian College of Arts, Science, and Technology''' da ke Zariya a Jihar Kaduna, wadda daga baya aka sauya sunanta zuwa Ahmadu Bello University, Zariya. A nan ne ya samu digiri na farko a fannin zanen fasaha (Painting).<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun digirgir a Indiana University Bloomington, inda ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (Master’s degree) a shekarar 1974 da kuma digirin digirgir na uku (Doctorate) a tarihin fasaha a shekarar 1978.<ref name="Kelly-1993">{{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Bernice M. |title=Nigerian Artists: A Who's Who and Biography |publisher=Hans Zell Publishers |year=1993 |isbn= |pages=118–120}}</ref> A lokacin da yake a Jami’ar Indiana, an nuna zane-zanensa da waƙoƙinsa a nune-nunen fasaha da dama, abin da ya ba shi karɓuwa a idon jama’a tare da samun tallafin karatu da lambobin yabo na ilimi, ciki har da '''Rockefeller Award'''.<ref name="Wole-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Wole |first=Oloidi |date=2014 |title=Chike Aniakor: Master of Poetic Lines |journal=Global Journal of Social Sciences |volume=13 |pages=31–38 |via=AJOL}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar a jami’o’i daban-daban kamar Southern University da ke New Orleans, UCLA da kuma Howard University.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun daga shekarun 1970, Aniakor ya koyar da fasaha da tarihin fasaha a University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), a Jihar Enugu. A can ne ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''ƙungiyar Nsukka''', wadda daga baya ta shahara saboda amfani da salon fasahar '''Uli''' na gargajiyar Igbo. Haka kuma, ya kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa sashen fasaha na jami’ar, wanda ya samu yabo saboda ƙwarewar malamai da ɗalibansa, tare da gabatar da ayyukan masu fasahar jami’ar ga dandamalin fasaha na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visionary Artists / The University of Nigeria, Nsukka |url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/visionary-viewpoints-on-africas-arts/the-university-of-nigeria-nsukka/#:~:text=Uche%20Okeke%20(1933%E2%80%932016),the%20region%20surrounding%20the%20university. |access-date= |website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 4fw1cf2zhmluzcy69ok2vquqad9l8ag 841199 841194 2026-05-28T08:14:28Z AKA024 30597 /* Manazarta */ 841199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chike C. Aniakor''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Agustan 1939) ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasaha, masanin tarihin fasaha, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. Ayyukansa suna mayar da hankali ne kan jigogi na falsafa, siyasa da addini waɗanda suka shafi al’ummar Igbo da kuma Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya.<ref name="imagomundicollection.org">{{Cite web |title=Imago Mundi Collection |url=https://imagomundicollection.org/artworks/chike-aniakor-global-warming/ |access-date= |website=imagomundicollection.org}}</ref> An adana wasu daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa na fasaha a manyan gidajen adana kayan tarihi na duniya, ciki har da Smithsonian Institution, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa da ke Najeriya (Nigerian National Gallery of Art), da kuma Museum für Völkerkunde da ke Frankfurt a Jamus. Aniakor fitaccen marubuci ne mai yawan wallafe-wallafe, inda ya rubuta littattafai da muƙalu sama da 75 a fannoni daban-daban na fasaha, tarihi da al’adu. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi '''Chike Cyril Aniakor''' a garin Abatete da ke Jihar Anambra a Gabashin Najeriya ranar 21 ga Agustan shekarar 1939.<ref name="Nwafor-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Nwafor |first=Okechukwu |date=2020 |title=Chike C Aniakor: The The Community and a Congregation of Figural Elements |url=https://doi.org/https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/43250. |journal=African Arts |volume=4 |pages=58–67 }}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ƙwararriyar mai zane-zanen '''Uli''' ce, wani salo na fasahar gargajiyar Igbo.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun yana ƙarami ya samu kusanci da al’adu da gargajiyar Igbo, lamarin da ya haɓaka sha’awarsa ga raye-raye, fasaha, bukukuwan gargajiya da kuma tsarin gine-ginen al’ummar Igbo.<ref name="Jegede-1997">{{Cite book |last=Jegede |first=Dele |title=New Traditions from Nigeria: Seven Artists of the Nsukka |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1997 |pages=2–109}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1964, Aniakor ya yi karatu a '''Nigerian College of Arts, Science, and Technology''' da ke Zariya a Jihar Kaduna, wadda daga baya aka sauya sunanta zuwa Ahmadu Bello University, Zariya. A nan ne ya samu digiri na farko a fannin zanen fasaha (Painting).<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun digirgir a Indiana University Bloomington, inda ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (Master’s degree) a shekarar 1974 da kuma digirin digirgir na uku (Doctorate) a tarihin fasaha a shekarar 1978.<ref name="Kelly-1993">{{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Bernice M. |title=Nigerian Artists: A Who's Who and Biography |publisher=Hans Zell Publishers |year=1993 |isbn= |pages=118–120}}</ref> A lokacin da yake a Jami’ar Indiana, an nuna zane-zanensa da waƙoƙinsa a nune-nunen fasaha da dama, abin da ya ba shi karɓuwa a idon jama’a tare da samun tallafin karatu da lambobin yabo na ilimi, ciki har da '''Rockefeller Award'''.<ref name="Wole-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Wole |first=Oloidi |date=2014 |title=Chike Aniakor: Master of Poetic Lines |journal=Global Journal of Social Sciences |volume=13 |pages=31–38 |via=AJOL}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar a jami’o’i daban-daban kamar Southern University da ke New Orleans, UCLA da kuma Howard University.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun daga shekarun 1970, Aniakor ya koyar da fasaha da tarihin fasaha a University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), a Jihar Enugu. A can ne ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''ƙungiyar Nsukka''', wadda daga baya ta shahara saboda amfani da salon fasahar '''Uli''' na gargajiyar Igbo. Haka kuma, ya kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa sashen fasaha na jami’ar, wanda ya samu yabo saboda ƙwarewar malamai da ɗalibansa, tare da gabatar da ayyukan masu fasahar jami’ar ga dandamalin fasaha na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visionary Artists / The University of Nigeria, Nsukka |url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/visionary-viewpoints-on-africas-arts/the-university-of-nigeria-nsukka/#:~:text=Uche%20Okeke%20(1933%E2%80%932016),the%20region%20surrounding%20the%20university. |access-date= |website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[category:rayayyun mutane]] [[category:haifaffun 1939]] 0bw79e763wnw6e3egt569sw8g48ooa1 841201 841199 2026-05-28T08:15:49Z AKA024 30597 841201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chike C. Aniakor''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Agustan 1939) ɗan Najeriya ne mai fasaha, masanin tarihin fasaha, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. Ayyukansa suna mayar da hankali ne kan jigogi na falsafa, siyasa da addini waɗanda suka shafi al’ummar Igbo da kuma Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya.<ref name="imagomundicollection.org">{{Cite web |title=Imago Mundi Collection |url=https://imagomundicollection.org/artworks/chike-aniakor-global-warming/ |access-date= |website=imagomundicollection.org}}</ref> An adana wasu daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa na fasaha a manyan gidajen adana kayan tarihi na duniya, ciki har da Smithsonian Institution, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa da ke Najeriya (Nigerian National Gallery of Art), da kuma Museum für Völkerkunde da ke Frankfurt a Jamus. Aniakor fitaccen marubuci ne mai yawan wallafe-wallafe, inda ya rubuta littattafai da muƙalu sama da 75 a fannoni daban-daban na fasaha, tarihi da al’adu. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi '''Chike Cyril Aniakor''' a garin Abatete da ke Jihar Anambra a Gabashin Najeriya ranar 21 ga Agustan shekarar 1939.<ref name="Nwafor-2020">{{Cite journal |last=Nwafor |first=Okechukwu |date=2020 |title=Chike C Aniakor: The The Community and a Congregation of Figural Elements |url=https://doi.org/https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/43250. |journal=African Arts |volume=4 |pages=58–67 }}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ƙwararriyar mai zane-zanen '''Uli''' ce, wani salo na fasahar gargajiyar Igbo.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun yana ƙarami ya samu kusanci da al’adu da gargajiyar Igbo, lamarin da ya haɓaka sha’awarsa ga raye-raye, fasaha, bukukuwan gargajiya da kuma tsarin gine-ginen al’ummar Igbo.<ref name="Jegede-1997">{{Cite book |last=Jegede |first=Dele |title=New Traditions from Nigeria: Seven Artists of the Nsukka |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1997 |pages=2–109}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1964, Aniakor ya yi karatu a '''Nigerian College of Arts, Science, and Technology''' da ke Zariya a Jihar Kaduna, wadda daga baya aka sauya sunanta zuwa Ahmadu Bello University, Zariya. A nan ne ya samu digiri na farko a fannin zanen fasaha (Painting).<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun digirgir a Indiana University Bloomington, inda ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (Master’s degree) a shekarar 1974 da kuma digirin digirgir na uku (Doctorate) a tarihin fasaha a shekarar 1978.<ref name="Kelly-1993">{{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Bernice M. |title=Nigerian Artists: A Who's Who and Biography |publisher=Hans Zell Publishers |year=1993 |isbn= |pages=118–120}}</ref> A lokacin da yake a Jami’ar Indiana, an nuna zane-zanensa da waƙoƙinsa a nune-nunen fasaha da dama, abin da ya ba shi karɓuwa a idon jama’a tare da samun tallafin karatu da lambobin yabo na ilimi, ciki har da '''Rockefeller Award'''.<ref name="Wole-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Wole |first=Oloidi |date=2014 |title=Chike Aniakor: Master of Poetic Lines |journal=Global Journal of Social Sciences |volume=13 |pages=31–38 |via=AJOL}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar a jami’o’i daban-daban kamar Southern University da ke New Orleans, UCLA da kuma Howard University.<ref name="Nwafor-2020" /> Tun daga shekarun 1970, Aniakor ya koyar da fasaha da tarihin fasaha a University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), a Jihar Enugu. A can ne ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''ƙungiyar Nsukka''', wadda daga baya ta shahara saboda amfani da salon fasahar '''Uli''' na gargajiyar Igbo. Haka kuma, ya kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa sashen fasaha na jami’ar, wanda ya samu yabo saboda ƙwarewar malamai da ɗalibansa, tare da gabatar da ayyukan masu fasahar jami’ar ga dandamalin fasaha na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visionary Artists / The University of Nigeria, Nsukka |url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/visionary-viewpoints-on-africas-arts/the-university-of-nigeria-nsukka/#:~:text=Uche%20Okeke%20(1933%E2%80%932016),the%20region%20surrounding%20the%20university. |access-date= |website=africa.si.edu}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[category:rayayyun mutane]] [[category:haifaffun 1939]] 109oabxloghdtp3wdp08kuzlj11fnrc 0 152613 841195 2026-05-28T08:13:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344918535|23rd July Lake]]" 841195 wikitext text/x-wiki   Tafkin 23 na Yuli (Arabic) tafki ne da ke tsakanin tsakiyar Benghazi, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Bahar Rum]] ta Benghazi . Ya mamaye yanki na kimanin hekta 100 (acre 250) tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 5 (16 .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benmoussa |first=Zakeia A. |last2=Elmazek |first2=Eman M. |date=2021 |title=The Potential of Benghazi Lakes and Wetlands in Achieving Sustainable Master Plan |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |journal=Advanced Studies in Efficient Environmental Design and City Planning |pages=157–165 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref>) == Manazarta == nvtt9smvim5pj22d9exc0zzylcbxqb1 841196 841195 2026-05-28T08:13:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 841196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin 23 na Yuli''' (Arabic) tafki ne da ke tsakanin tsakiyar Benghazi, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Bahar Rum]] ta Benghazi . Ya mamaye yanki na kimanin hekta 100 (acre 250) tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 5 (16 .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benmoussa |first=Zakeia A. |last2=Elmazek |first2=Eman M. |date=2021 |title=The Potential of Benghazi Lakes and Wetlands in Achieving Sustainable Master Plan |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |journal=Advanced Studies in Efficient Environmental Design and City Planning |pages=157–165 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref>) == Manazarta == d6ld9wxhqhwohsyz266bfx911gwcswu 841197 841196 2026-05-28T08:13:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 841197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin 23 na Yuli''' (Arabic) tafki ne da ke tsakanin tsakiyar Benghazi, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Bahar Rum]] ta Benghazi . Ya mamaye yanki na kimanin hekta 100 (acre 250) tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 5 (16 .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benmoussa |first=Zakeia A. |last2=Elmazek |first2=Eman M. |date=2021 |title=The Potential of Benghazi Lakes and Wetlands in Achieving Sustainable Master Plan |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |journal=Advanced Studies in Efficient Environmental Design and City Planning |pages=157–165 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-65181-7_13 |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 March 2026}}</ref>) == Manazarta == m64orajtgnsuru67v145i2328pe16go 0 152614 841198 2026-05-28T08:14:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293335776|Gaberoun]]" 841198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaberoun''' (Arabic; Italiyanci: Lago Gaberoun, madadin rubutun Gaber Awhn, Gabr Awhn), Gabr Own, Gabraun) wani wuri ne mai laushi tare da babban tafki a yankin hamadar Idehan Ubari na [[Sahara]] ta [[Libya]] . A fannin gudanarwa, yana cikin Gundumar Wadi al Hayaa na yankin [[Fezzan]] a kudu maso yammacin Libya. Wani sansanin yawon bude ido na yau da kullun yana kan iyakar arewa maso gabas, gami da farfajiyar budewa, gidajen barci, da shagon abin tunawa (wanda [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] ya halarta a cikin cikakken kayan ado) a cikin hunturu. Tafkin yana da gishiri sosai; yin iyo na iya zama mai daɗi duk da ruwan gishiri. [[Sauro]] suna da yawa, musamman a lokacin rani. Oktoba zuwa Mayu an dauke shi mafi kyawun lokaci don ziyartar saboda yanayin ya fi sauƙi. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Gaberoun-lake.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gaberoun Oasis, tafkin da yashi dunes.]] Ƙananan ƙabilar sun zauna a cikin oasis; rushewar mazauninsu sun warwatse tsakanin dabino a arewa maso yammacin bakin tafkin. An ce daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suke samun abinci shine tsutsotsi-kamar crustaceans da suka kama daga tafkin gishiri. An tura su a cikin shekarun 1980 zuwa sabon wuri a waje da yashi, a cikin ''Wadi Bashir'', kudu da [[Erg (ƙasa)|erg]], wani yanki na gidaje na kankare da aka gina musamman don sake zama na wannan kabilar. Tsohon mazaunin Bedouin da ke gefen yammacin tafkin an watsar da shi, kuma yanzu ya lalace. == Samun dama == Ana iya samun oasis daga hanyar Sabha-Ubari (150km yammacin Sabha da arewa a cikin yashi dunes a ƙauyen Qasr Larocu), ta hanyar tafiya ta kilomita 36 4WD ta cikin dunes na Ubari yashi teku (wanda ake kira Ramlat al Dauada).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libyan Desert |url=http://www.germantravelnetwork.com/Html/D/Arabia/Libya/libyandesert.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026120158/http://www.germantravelnetwork.com/Html/D/Arabia/Libya/libyandesert.htm |archive-date=26 October 2006 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=German Travel Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lybia &#91;sic&#93; Tour 6 - 11 Day tour |url=http://www.ltitours.com/tours/middle_east/lybia/Lybia-tour6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713235258/http://www.ltitours.com/tours/middle_east/lybia/Lybia-tour6.htm |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=LTI Tours}}</ref> == Abubuwan jan hankali da ke kusa == Sauran abubuwan jan hankali da ke kusa da su sune El Mandara oasis (26°41′23′′N 13°18′45′′E / 26.68972°N 13.31260°E / 26.28972; 13.31270), Un Almaa oasis (26 °42′35′′N 13 °19′55′′E / 26,70973°N 13.33208°E / 26,30973; 13.33208), Mafo Lake a cikin yashi ɗaya (Ramlat al Dauada) da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya a Germa. == Wasanni == Aikin na biyu daga [[Wasa|wasan]] Sniper Elite III yana faruwa ne a kan oasis na Gaberoun. == Dubi kuma == * Phoenix dactylifera - dabino na asali''dabino na asali na oasis'' == Manazarta == if7ax501dmctd3aeo4zc7w1hw2bw1bc 841200 841198 2026-05-28T08:14:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 841200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gaberoun''' (Arabic; Italiyanci: Lago Gaberoun, madadin rubutun Gaber Awhn, Gabr Awhn), Gabr Own, Gabraun) wani wuri ne mai laushi tare da babban tafki a yankin hamadar Idehan Ubari na [[Sahara]] ta [[Libya]] . A fannin gudanarwa, yana cikin Gundumar Wadi al Hayaa na yankin [[Fezzan]] a kudu maso yammacin Libya. Wani sansanin yawon bude ido na yau da kullun yana kan iyakar arewa maso gabas, gami da farfajiyar budewa, gidajen barci, da shagon abin tunawa (wanda [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] ya halarta a cikin cikakken kayan ado) a cikin hunturu. Tafkin yana da gishiri sosai; yin iyo na iya zama mai daɗi duk da ruwan gishiri. [[Sauro]] suna da yawa, musamman a lokacin rani. Oktoba zuwa Mayu an dauke shi mafi kyawun lokaci don ziyartar saboda yanayin ya fi sauƙi. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Gaberoun-lake.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gaberoun Oasis, tafkin da yashi dunes.]] Ƙananan ƙabilar sun zauna a cikin oasis; rushewar mazauninsu sun warwatse tsakanin dabino a arewa maso yammacin bakin tafkin. An ce daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suke samun abinci shine tsutsotsi-kamar crustaceans da suka kama daga tafkin gishiri. An tura su a cikin shekarun 1980 zuwa sabon wuri a waje da yashi, a cikin ''Wadi Bashir'', kudu da [[Erg (ƙasa)|erg]], wani yanki na gidaje na kankare da aka gina musamman don sake zama na wannan kabilar. Tsohon mazaunin Bedouin da ke gefen yammacin tafkin an watsar da shi, kuma yanzu ya lalace. == Samun dama == Ana iya samun oasis daga hanyar Sabha-Ubari (150km yammacin Sabha da arewa a cikin yashi dunes a ƙauyen Qasr Larocu), ta hanyar tafiya ta kilomita 36 4WD ta cikin dunes na Ubari yashi teku (wanda ake kira Ramlat al Dauada).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libyan Desert |url=http://www.germantravelnetwork.com/Html/D/Arabia/Libya/libyandesert.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026120158/http://www.germantravelnetwork.com/Html/D/Arabia/Libya/libyandesert.htm |archive-date=26 October 2006 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=German Travel Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lybia &#91;sic&#93; Tour 6 - 11 Day tour |url=http://www.ltitours.com/tours/middle_east/lybia/Lybia-tour6.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713235258/http://www.ltitours.com/tours/middle_east/lybia/Lybia-tour6.htm |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=LTI Tours}}</ref> == Abubuwan jan hankali da ke kusa == Sauran abubuwan jan hankali da ke kusa da su sune El Mandara oasis (26°41′23′′N 13°18′45′′E / 26.68972°N 13.31260°E / 26.28972; 13.31270), Un Almaa oasis (26 °42′35′′N 13 °19′55′′E / 26,70973°N 13.33208°E / 26,30973; 13.33208), Mafo Lake a cikin yashi ɗaya (Ramlat al Dauada) da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya a Germa. == Wasanni == Aikin na biyu daga [[Wasa|wasan]] Sniper Elite III yana faruwa ne a kan oasis na Gaberoun. == Dubi kuma == * Phoenix dactylifera - dabino na asali''dabino na asali na oasis'' == Manazarta == bj0f0rm4wuimtvakf5srm6jjlyp764g 0 152615 841202 2026-05-28T08:16:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340129639|Ouau en Namu lakes]]" 841202 wikitext text/x-wiki Tafkin Ouau en Namu yanki ne mai kariya a [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |url=http://www.parks.it/world/LY/Eindex.html |access-date=26 March 2013 |publisher=Parks.it}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9ooisdvfs6t8vbelc6t555xb43pe9hu 841203 841202 2026-05-28T08:17:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 841203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tafkin Ouau en Namu yanki ne mai kariya a [[Libya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |url=http://www.parks.it/world/LY/Eindex.html |access-date=26 March 2013 |publisher=Parks.it}}</ref> == Manazarta == cf22xfdxc7c2djoy9tin600n6clodp0 0 152616 841204 2026-05-28T08:18:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340716211|Dikgatlhong Dam]]" 841204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madatsar ruwan Dikgatlhong''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kusa da ƙauyen Robelela a kan kogin Shashe da ke Botswana, wadda aka kammala a watan Disamba na 2011. {{Sfn|Modikwa|2011}} Idan ta cika, tana ɗauke da {{Convert|400000000|m3}} na ruwa. Madatsar ruwa ta gaba mafi girma a Botswana, wato Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, tana da karfin {{Convert|141000000|m3}} . {{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} == Bayyanawa da Amfani == Dam din yana kan Kogin Shashe kilomita uku a ƙasa da haɗuwa da Kogin Tati, kimanin kilomita 55 (34 arewa maso gabashin garin Selebi Phikwe . Yana da kilomita 5 (3.1 daga saman Botswana - iyakar Zimbabwe. Ya kamata aikin ya kara amintaccen samar da ruwa ga [[Gaborone]], Francistown, da garuruwa da ƙauyuka a kan hanyar arewa maso kudu don makomar da za a iya gani.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2011}} Daga ƙarshe zai isar da wani lita 3,000 (660 US a kowace dakika na isar da ruwa mai laushi zuwa bututun mai ɗaukar arewa maso kudu.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} Hakanan za a ciyar da ruwa zuwa filayen kwal na Palapye da kuma tashar wutar lantarki ta 1,200 MW da aka tsara a Mmamabula. Kudin aikin madatsar ruwan ya kasance kusan P1,134 miliyan (US $ 300 miliyan). {{Sfn|Engineering News|2012}} Jirgin zai kashe wani P1,127 miliyan.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}} Hakanan tafkin na iya jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da ke jan hankalin namun daji, wasanni na ruwa da abinci na gida, idan an haɓaka wurare.{{Sfn|Botswana Gazette|2009}}&nbsp; == Tsarinsa == Dam din tsari ne na yanki, mita 41 (135 tsawo da kilomita 4.5 (2.8 tsawo. Ayyukan ƙasa sun ƙunshi kimanin 3,870,000 mita (137,000,000 na kayan, gami da 550,000 meters (19,000,000 cu , na yumbu core daga rance ramuka da {{Convert|2460000|m3}} cuft) na embankment shell samu daga ramin tashar ramin.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Ingancin yumbu da ke akwai ba shi da yawa kuma yana buƙatar zaɓi mai kyau, magani da kula da inganci. Layer na karyewar dutse riprap 1.5 mita (4 ft 11 in) kauri yana kare gefen sama daga aikin raƙuman ruwa, kuma Layer na ƙaramin dutse mai kauri 0.5 mita (1 in) kauni yana kare gefensa. Dutse, da kuma tarawa don samar da kankare, sun fito ne daga wani dutse a wurin.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} Geology na tafkin yana da bambanci sosai. Ana buƙatar labule mai tsawon kilomita 58 (36 wanda ya haɗa da tan 6,700 na siminti don rufewa game da ɓarkewa.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Babban hanyar zubar da ruwa shine tsarin ogee na kankare mai tsawon mita 200 (660 tare da masu rarraba makamashi, a saman gefen hagu na madatsar ruwan kimanin kilomita 2 (1.2 arewacin kogi. Har ila yau, akwai hanyar ruwa mai tsawon mita 900 (3,000 don magance yanayin ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Lokacin da aka cika, tafkin zai sami ruwa mai zurfi kusan kilomita 20 (12 zuwa kogi.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Hasumiyar tsayi mai tsayi mai tsawon mita 48 (157 mai tsayi mita 7 (23 a diamita tare da buɗe ƙofofi biyar yana ciyar da bututun ƙarfe mai tsawon mita 260 (850 mai tsawon mita 3 (9.8 a Diamita wanda ke wucewa a ƙarƙashin madatsar ruwan sannan ya rabu zuwa tashar famfo da tashar kogi. Babbar gada ta ƙarfe mai mita 61 (200 ta haɗa Hasumiyar shigarwa zuwa saman madatsar ruwan. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da gina gidaje da samar da wutar lantarki, da kuma inganta kilomita 44 (27 na hanya tsakanin ƙauyukan Mmadinare da Robela. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 ba a gina tashar famfo ba, kamar yadda bututun mai mai mai tsawon kilomita 75 (47 mai tsawon mita 1.2 (3 ft 11 in) don ɗaukar ruwa mai laushi zuwa bututun mai ɗaukar Arewa-Kudancin (NSC) na yanzu, wanda hakan ke ɗaukar ruwa a kudu zuwa Gaborone.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Jirgin zai haɗu da NSC a tankin matsin lamba na BPT1 a Moralane.{{Sfn|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012}} == Gine-gine == Kafin a fara ginin, dole ne a tono gawawwakin mutanen da aka binne a ƙauyukan Matopi da Robelela kuma a sake su. An bayyana wannan a taron ''dikgotla'' na ƙauye don samun amincewar al'umma. An sayi wasu gonaki a sama. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta shirya don ba da shawara game da cutar kanjamau ga ma'aikatan gine-gine da mazaunan ƙauyukan Mmadinare, Robelela, Matopi, Matsiloje, Chokwe da Patayamatebele. An yi shirye-shirye don ƙarin buƙatu don sabis na kiwon lafiya da 'yan sanda.{{Sfn|Kedikilwe|2008}} Wani hadin gwiwa na Bergstan Africa na Botswana da Jeffares & Green na Afirka ta Kudu sun gudanar da ƙirar fasaha da kula da gine-gine.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Kamfanin Sinohydro Corporation na kasar Sin ne ya gina madatsar ruwan ne ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}} A wasu lokuta, shingen harshe ya haifar da matsaloli, lokacin da injiniyoyi ba su da tabbacin ko dan kwangila ya fahimci abin da ake buƙata, tunda ana amfani da masu fassara ba tare da horo na fasaha ba.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} PPC Cement na Botswana ya samar da siminti. An ƙera kwaskwarima a wurin ta amfani da ma'adanai a wurin.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} juwl3b0bsjv1cdh8yagelkkyaehk0s4 841205 841204 2026-05-28T08:19:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Dikgatlhong''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kusa da ƙauyen Robelela a kan kogin Shashe da ke Botswana, wadda aka kammala a watan Disamba na 2011. {{Sfn|Modikwa|2011}} Idan ta cika, tana ɗauke da {{Convert|400000000|m3}} na ruwa. Madatsar ruwa ta gaba mafi girma a Botswana, wato Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, tana da karfin {{Convert|141000000|m3}} . {{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} == Bayyanawa da Amfani == Dam din yana kan Kogin Shashe kilomita uku a ƙasa da haɗuwa da Kogin Tati, kimanin kilomita 55 (34 arewa maso gabashin garin Selebi Phikwe . Yana da kilomita 5 (3.1 daga saman Botswana - iyakar Zimbabwe. Ya kamata aikin ya kara amintaccen samar da ruwa ga [[Gaborone]], Francistown, da garuruwa da ƙauyuka a kan hanyar arewa maso kudu don makomar da za a iya gani.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2011}} Daga ƙarshe zai isar da wani lita 3,000 (660 US a kowace dakika na isar da ruwa mai laushi zuwa bututun mai ɗaukar arewa maso kudu.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} Hakanan za a ciyar da ruwa zuwa filayen kwal na Palapye da kuma tashar wutar lantarki ta 1,200 MW da aka tsara a Mmamabula. Kudin aikin madatsar ruwan ya kasance kusan P1,134 miliyan (US $ 300 miliyan). {{Sfn|Engineering News|2012}} Jirgin zai kashe wani P1,127 miliyan.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}} Hakanan tafkin na iya jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da ke jan hankalin namun daji, wasanni na ruwa da abinci na gida, idan an haɓaka wurare.{{Sfn|Botswana Gazette|2009}}&nbsp; == Tsarinsa == Dam din tsari ne na yanki, mita 41 (135 tsawo da kilomita 4.5 (2.8 tsawo. Ayyukan ƙasa sun ƙunshi kimanin 3,870,000 mita (137,000,000 na kayan, gami da 550,000 meters (19,000,000 cu , na yumbu core daga rance ramuka da {{Convert|2460000|m3}} cuft) na embankment shell samu daga ramin tashar ramin.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Ingancin yumbu da ke akwai ba shi da yawa kuma yana buƙatar zaɓi mai kyau, magani da kula da inganci. Layer na karyewar dutse riprap 1.5 mita (4 ft 11 in) kauri yana kare gefen sama daga aikin raƙuman ruwa, kuma Layer na ƙaramin dutse mai kauri 0.5 mita (1 in) kauni yana kare gefensa. Dutse, da kuma tarawa don samar da kankare, sun fito ne daga wani dutse a wurin.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} Geology na tafkin yana da bambanci sosai. Ana buƙatar labule mai tsawon kilomita 58 (36 wanda ya haɗa da tan 6,700 na siminti don rufewa game da ɓarkewa.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Babban hanyar zubar da ruwa shine tsarin ogee na kankare mai tsawon mita 200 (660 tare da masu rarraba makamashi, a saman gefen hagu na madatsar ruwan kimanin kilomita 2 (1.2 arewacin kogi. Har ila yau, akwai hanyar ruwa mai tsawon mita 900 (3,000 don magance yanayin ambaliyar ruwa.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Lokacin da aka cika, tafkin zai sami ruwa mai zurfi kusan kilomita 20 (12 zuwa kogi.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Hasumiyar tsayi mai tsayi mai tsawon mita 48 (157 mai tsayi mita 7 (23 a diamita tare da buɗe ƙofofi biyar yana ciyar da bututun ƙarfe mai tsawon mita 260 (850 mai tsawon mita 3 (9.8 a Diamita wanda ke wucewa a ƙarƙashin madatsar ruwan sannan ya rabu zuwa tashar famfo da tashar kogi. Babbar gada ta ƙarfe mai mita 61 (200 ta haɗa Hasumiyar shigarwa zuwa saman madatsar ruwan. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da gina gidaje da samar da wutar lantarki, da kuma inganta kilomita 44 (27 na hanya tsakanin ƙauyukan Mmadinare da Robela. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 ba a gina tashar famfo ba, kamar yadda bututun mai mai mai tsawon kilomita 75 (47 mai tsawon mita 1.2 (3 ft 11 in) don ɗaukar ruwa mai laushi zuwa bututun mai ɗaukar Arewa-Kudancin (NSC) na yanzu, wanda hakan ke ɗaukar ruwa a kudu zuwa Gaborone.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012b}} Jirgin zai haɗu da NSC a tankin matsin lamba na BPT1 a Moralane.{{Sfn|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012}} == Gine-gine == Kafin a fara ginin, dole ne a tono gawawwakin mutanen da aka binne a ƙauyukan Matopi da Robelela kuma a sake su. An bayyana wannan a taron ''dikgotla'' na ƙauye don samun amincewar al'umma. An sayi wasu gonaki a sama. Har ila yau, gwamnati ta shirya don ba da shawara game da cutar kanjamau ga ma'aikatan gine-gine da mazaunan ƙauyukan Mmadinare, Robelela, Matopi, Matsiloje, Chokwe da Patayamatebele. An yi shirye-shirye don ƙarin buƙatu don sabis na kiwon lafiya da 'yan sanda.{{Sfn|Kedikilwe|2008}} Wani hadin gwiwa na Bergstan Africa na Botswana da Jeffares & Green na Afirka ta Kudu sun gudanar da ƙirar fasaha da kula da gine-gine.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} Kamfanin Sinohydro Corporation na kasar Sin ne ya gina madatsar ruwan ne ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}} A wasu lokuta, shingen harshe ya haifar da matsaloli, lokacin da injiniyoyi ba su da tabbacin ko dan kwangila ya fahimci abin da ake buƙata, tunda ana amfani da masu fassara ba tare da horo na fasaha ba.{{Sfn|Pepperell|2009}} PPC Cement na Botswana ya samar da siminti. An ƙera kwaskwarima a wurin ta amfani da ma'adanai a wurin.{{Sfn|Jeffares|Green|2012}} ==manazarta== i0e6l1w87ycrp9mvxlfyx78tyf4a5my 0 152617 841206 2026-05-28T08:20:14Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316452046|Bokaa Dam]]" 841206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madatsar ruwan Bokaa''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Metsimolhabe, wani magudanar ruwa na Kogin Ngotwane, a [[Botswana]] . Tana samar da ruwa ga babban birnin [[Gaborone]] . Kamfanin Kula da Ruwa ne ke gudanar da shi. {{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}} == Tsarinsa == An gina madatsar ruwan Bokaa a cikin 1990/1991 ta hanyar madatsar ruwa ta Kogin Metsimotlhabe, wani yanki na Kogin Ngotwane a kudancin ƙauyen Bokaa . {{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Yankin da aka karɓa yana da kimanin kilomita 3,570 (1,380 sq . Dam din tsari ne na cike da ƙasa tare da tsawo na mita 14 (46 . An buɗe shi a cikin 1993. Yankin madatsar ruwan lokacin da ya cika yana da kilomita 6.6 (2.5 sq . {{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Gidan tafkin yana da kimanin kilomita 6 (3.7 a tsawon kuma sama da mita 500 (1,600 a mafi faɗin sa.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} == Ruwa == Dam din Bokaa yana da damar mita 18,500,000 (650,000,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Yana da kimanin kilomita 20 (12 daga babban birnin Botswana na Gaborone . {{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 madatsar ruwan ta samar da kashi 25% na samar da ruwa ga Gaborone da yankunan da ke kewaye. Akwai yanayin bushewa na musamman a cikin hunturu na 2012, kuma tafkin ya bushe kuma an rufe shi a watan Satumbar 2012.{{Sfn|Ngwanaamotho|2012}} Jirgin mai na Arewa-Kudancin (NSC) ya fara aiki a cikin 2000, yana isar da ruwa zuwa Gaborone daga arewa kuma yana gudana bayan madatsar ruwan Bokaa. Wani farkon shirin NSC ya yi amfani da madatsar ruwan Bokaa a matsayin tafkin, amma an yanke shawarar gina tafkin da aka rufe kusa da Gaborone a Mmamashia don rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar evaporation.{{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} Ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Bokaa yanzu ana yin allurar shiga cikin bututun NSC.{{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} Ana kula da ruwa a shuka na Mmamashia, kai tsaye zuwa kudu.{{Sfn|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012}} == Amfani da tafkin == Akwai wurin shakatawa don baƙi na karshen mako a bakin tekun kudu.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Dam din yana cikin yankin [[Bagaruwa|Acacia]] Savanna wanda ake amfani dashi don kiwon dabbobi da yawa ciki har da tumaki, awaki, jaki da shanu. Ginin yana cikin lalacewa don haka dabbobin sun tattake gefen ruwa zuwa laka a wurare da yawa.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife Botswana}} Gidan tafkin gida ne ga tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa, musamman ma yawan mutanen kudancin pochard.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife Botswana}} An kuma lura da adadi mai yawa na manyan grebe. Wani lokaci gida ne ga ƙananan adadin [[Kwasakwasa|Pelican mai launin ruwan kasa]]. Tsakanin 1991 da 1995, ƙididdigar tsuntsayen ruwa sun kai kimanin mutane 4,000.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} ngi1gbwq10eblolns7e07o35kdns0xr 841207 841206 2026-05-28T08:20:43Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Bokaa''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Metsimolhabe, wani magudanar ruwa na Kogin Ngotwane, a [[Botswana]] . Tana samar da ruwa ga babban birnin [[Gaborone]] . Kamfanin Kula da Ruwa ne ke gudanar da shi. {{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}} == Tsarinsa == An gina madatsar ruwan Bokaa a cikin 1990/1991 ta hanyar madatsar ruwa ta Kogin Metsimotlhabe, wani yanki na Kogin Ngotwane a kudancin ƙauyen Bokaa . {{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Yankin da aka karɓa yana da kimanin kilomita 3,570 (1,380 sq . Dam din tsari ne na cike da ƙasa tare da tsawo na mita 14 (46 . An buɗe shi a cikin 1993. Yankin madatsar ruwan lokacin da ya cika yana da kilomita 6.6 (2.5 sq . {{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Gidan tafkin yana da kimanin kilomita 6 (3.7 a tsawon kuma sama da mita 500 (1,600 a mafi faɗin sa.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} == Ruwa == Dam din Bokaa yana da damar mita 18,500,000 (650,000,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Yana da kimanin kilomita 20 (12 daga babban birnin Botswana na Gaborone . {{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012 madatsar ruwan ta samar da kashi 25% na samar da ruwa ga Gaborone da yankunan da ke kewaye. Akwai yanayin bushewa na musamman a cikin hunturu na 2012, kuma tafkin ya bushe kuma an rufe shi a watan Satumbar 2012.{{Sfn|Ngwanaamotho|2012}} Jirgin mai na Arewa-Kudancin (NSC) ya fara aiki a cikin 2000, yana isar da ruwa zuwa Gaborone daga arewa kuma yana gudana bayan madatsar ruwan Bokaa. Wani farkon shirin NSC ya yi amfani da madatsar ruwan Bokaa a matsayin tafkin, amma an yanke shawarar gina tafkin da aka rufe kusa da Gaborone a Mmamashia don rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar evaporation.{{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} Ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Bokaa yanzu ana yin allurar shiga cikin bututun NSC.{{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} Ana kula da ruwa a shuka na Mmamashia, kai tsaye zuwa kudu.{{Sfn|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012}} == Amfani da tafkin == Akwai wurin shakatawa don baƙi na karshen mako a bakin tekun kudu.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} Dam din yana cikin yankin [[Bagaruwa|Acacia]] Savanna wanda ake amfani dashi don kiwon dabbobi da yawa ciki har da tumaki, awaki, jaki da shanu. Ginin yana cikin lalacewa don haka dabbobin sun tattake gefen ruwa zuwa laka a wurare da yawa.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife Botswana}} Gidan tafkin gida ne ga tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa, musamman ma yawan mutanen kudancin pochard.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife Botswana}} An kuma lura da adadi mai yawa na manyan grebe. Wani lokaci gida ne ga ƙananan adadin [[Kwasakwasa|Pelican mai launin ruwan kasa]]. Tsakanin 1991 da 1995, ƙididdigar tsuntsayen ruwa sun kai kimanin mutane 4,000.{{Sfn|Bokaa Dam - BirdLife International}} ==manazarta== f9s4amqzxzkvf5lfdb1g5sias98ivc2 0 152618 841208 2026-05-28T08:22:06Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334915490|Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Station]]" 841208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Cambambe''' wata tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a fadin [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Cuanza Norte da Lardin Bengo a [[Angola]] . Bayan gyara da faɗaɗawa, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na wannan tashar shine {{Convert|960|MW}} . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a Cambambe, Angola, kimanin kilomita 198 (123 ta hanyar kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a kasar. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki sune:09°45'12.0"S, 14°28'51.0"E (Latitude:-9.753333; Longitude:14.480833). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ginin madatsar ruwan Cambambe 1 ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1959, kuma an kammala shi a 1963.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Macauhub |date=30 June 2016 |title=Plant II of the Cambambe dam in Angola goes into operation |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708105207/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Macauhub.com.mo |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2016}}</ref> Saboda lalacewa da fashewa da rashin kulawa, a shekara ta 2002, fitarwa ya fadi daga 180 megawatts zuwa kusan 80 megawatts.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010">Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html "The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa"]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, Kamfanin National de Electricidade ya hayar da wata kungiya da ta hada da Odebrecht, Voith, Alstom, da Engevix don aiwatar da aikin gyarawa, fadadawa, da sabunta madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki. Aikin ya haɗa da tsawaita tsarin da mita 30, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gruner AG |url=https://www.gruner.ch/en/references/cambambe-arch-dam |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.gruner.ch |language=en}}</ref> sabuntawa na raka'a masu samar da Cambambe 1, maye gurbin turbines na 45 MW guda huɗu tare da turbines hudu na 65 MW, da kuma gina sabon shuka, wanda ake kira Cambambe 2, tare da raka'a huɗu masu samar da 175 MW kowannensu, don jimlar 700 MW. Ayyukan a Cambambe 1 sun fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, kuma a Cambambe 2 a shekara ta 2013. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010">Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html "The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa"]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Gine-gine == A watan Yulin 2015, an yi tsammanin cewa za a shigar da turbine na farko na 175 megawatt na Cambambe II kuma ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2016, tare da kammalawar da ake tsammani a shekarar 2017.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}</ref> Sauran haɓakawa sun haɗa da gina sabbin tashoshin canjin makamashi guda uku tare da ƙarfin 400KV, 220KV, da 60KV don tallafawa haɗin tsakanin Cambambe 1 da 2, Capanda Hydroelectric Power Station, da Laúca Hydroele Electric Power Station. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa na Cambambe 1 da kuma gina Cambambe 2 ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 2.<ref name="5R" /> An kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 27 ga Yulin 2017, a gaban baƙi 500 da aka gayyata. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Water Power Magazine |date=27 July 2017 |title=Cambambe 2 opens in Angola |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newscambambe-2-opens-in-angola-5884156 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Waterpowermagazine.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == nqik4g35zaniauj5u28alv4r7nftqag 841209 841208 2026-05-28T08:22:26Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Cambambe''' wata tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a fadin [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Cuanza Norte da Lardin Bengo a [[Angola]] . Bayan gyara da faɗaɗawa, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na wannan tashar shine {{Convert|960|MW}} . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a Cambambe, Angola, kimanin kilomita 198 (123 ta hanyar kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a kasar. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki sune:09°45'12.0"S, 14°28'51.0"E (Latitude:-9.753333; Longitude:14.480833). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ginin madatsar ruwan Cambambe 1 ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1959, kuma an kammala shi a 1963.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Macauhub |date=30 June 2016 |title=Plant II of the Cambambe dam in Angola goes into operation |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708105207/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Macauhub.com.mo |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2016}}</ref> Saboda lalacewa da fashewa da rashin kulawa, a shekara ta 2002, fitarwa ya fadi daga 180 megawatts zuwa kusan 80 megawatts.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010">Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html "The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa"]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, Kamfanin National de Electricidade ya hayar da wata kungiya da ta hada da Odebrecht, Voith, Alstom, da Engevix don aiwatar da aikin gyarawa, fadadawa, da sabunta madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki. Aikin ya haɗa da tsawaita tsarin da mita 30, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gruner AG |url=https://www.gruner.ch/en/references/cambambe-arch-dam |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.gruner.ch |language=en}}</ref> sabuntawa na raka'a masu samar da Cambambe 1, maye gurbin turbines na 45 MW guda huɗu tare da turbines hudu na 65 MW, da kuma gina sabon shuka, wanda ake kira Cambambe 2, tare da raka'a huɗu masu samar da 175 MW kowannensu, don jimlar 700 MW. Ayyukan a Cambambe 1 sun fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, kuma a Cambambe 2 a shekara ta 2013. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010">Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html "The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa"]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Gine-gine == A watan Yulin 2015, an yi tsammanin cewa za a shigar da turbine na farko na 175 megawatt na Cambambe II kuma ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2016, tare da kammalawar da ake tsammani a shekarar 2017.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}</ref> Sauran haɓakawa sun haɗa da gina sabbin tashoshin canjin makamashi guda uku tare da ƙarfin 400KV, 220KV, da 60KV don tallafawa haɗin tsakanin Cambambe 1 da 2, Capanda Hydroelectric Power Station, da Laúca Hydroele Electric Power Station. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa na Cambambe 1 da kuma gina Cambambe 2 ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 2.<ref name="5R" /> An kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 27 ga Yulin 2017, a gaban baƙi 500 da aka gayyata. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Water Power Magazine |date=27 July 2017 |title=Cambambe 2 opens in Angola |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newscambambe-2-opens-in-angola-5884156 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Waterpowermagazine.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7q32iifozfo14c006kfpnq6xpimmwci 0 152619 841210 2026-05-28T08:24:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309159180|Calueque Dam]]" 841210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madatsar ruwan Calueque''', madatsar ruwa ce mai amfani da yawa a fadin Kogin Kunene, a lardin Kunene, a kudu maso yammacin [[Angola]] . Madatsar ruwan tana adana ruwa ga jirgin ruwan {{Convert|347|MW}} Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana, a maƙwabciyar [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Ana kuma amfani da ruwanta don ban ruwa a gonaki, a Angola da Namibia. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Dam din yana cikin garin Calueque, kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da Namibia, kimanin kilomita 196 (122 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin garin Ondjiva, babban birnin lardin. Dam din yana da kimanin kilomita 1,282 (797 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu da [[Luanda]], babban birnin Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na madatsar ruwan Calueque shine 17°16'22.0"S, 14°32'40.0"E (Latitude:-17.2778; Longitude:14.544444). == Tarihi == A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1964, wakilan gwamnatin Portugal da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu sun hadu a [[Lisbon|Lisbon, Portugal]] kuma sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da suka shafi gina madatsun ruwa a Kogin Kunene, don haka suna sarrafa yawan kwararar kogin da kuma kara yawan wutar lantarki a madatsun. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma danganta da kara yawan ruwa don amfani da mutane da dabbobi a Angola da Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka (yanzu Namibia). Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana wanda ya mallaki abin da kuma wanda zai gina, aiki da biyan (a) ''Gove Dam'' (b) Calueque Dam da Gove Hydroelectric Power Station da Ruacana Hydroele Electric Power Station.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2010">Kunene River Awareness Kit (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM "The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam"]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM the original] on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Food and Agriculture Organization |date=21 January 1969 |title=Agreement between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the government of Portugal in regard to the first phase of development of the water resources of the Cunene river basin Lisbon, 21 January 1969 |url=http://www.fao.org/3/w7414b/w7414b11.htm |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |format=FAO Quoting: Portugal, Dario do Governo. No. 250, 28 October 1970, p. 1589}}</ref> An fara gina madatsar ruwan Calueque a shekarar 1972. An watsar da aikin madatsar ruwan a 1976 saboda Yaƙin basasar Angola . A lokacin da aka dakatar da ginin a shekara ta 1976, an kammala kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na ayyukan farar hula kuma madatsar ruwan za ta iya samar da ruwa don amfani da mutum da dabbobi. A shekara ta 1988, "harin" ya lalata tsarin da ba cikakke ba.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2010">Kunene River Awareness Kit (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM "The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam"]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM the original] on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Bernard E. Trainor |date=30 June 1988 |title=Pretoria Says Angola Raid Is Threat to Talks on Peace |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/pretoria-says-angola-raid-is-threat-to-talks-on-peace.html |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> == Gyara da ingantawa == A cikin shekara ta 2012, an fara gyare-gyare da gyare- gyare-jafe na madatsar ruwan. An kammala aikin farfadowa a shekarar 2015.<ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=P. C. Blersch, W. van Wyk, R. Steenkamp |date=2015 |title=2015–Rehabilitation of Calueque Dam: Challenges And Successes |url=https://www.ancold.org.au/?product=2015-rehabilitation-of-calueque-dam-challenges-and-successes |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=The Australian National Committee on Large Dams Incorporated (ANCOLD Inc)}}</ref> Sauran aikin ingantawa sun haɗa da farfado da tashar da ke dauke da ruwa don amfani da mutum da dabbobi, daga madatsar ruwa a Calueque, Angola zuwa Oshakati, Namibia, auna kilomita 150 (93 . <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=16 February 2021 |title=Namibia: NamWater Launches The Rehabilitation of the Calueque-Oshakati Canal |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/namibia-namwater-launches-the-rehabilitation-of-the-calueque-oshakati-canal/ |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9j1nih7wp98ug97l4df5x1h8lqde1jc 841211 841210 2026-05-28T08:24:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Calueque''', madatsar ruwa ce mai amfani da yawa a fadin Kogin Kunene, a lardin Kunene, a kudu maso yammacin [[Angola]] . Madatsar ruwan tana adana ruwa ga jirgin ruwan {{Convert|347|MW}} Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana, a maƙwabciyar [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Ana kuma amfani da ruwanta don ban ruwa a gonaki, a Angola da Namibia. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Dam din yana cikin garin Calueque, kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da Namibia, kimanin kilomita 196 (122 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin garin Ondjiva, babban birnin lardin. Dam din yana da kimanin kilomita 1,282 (797 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu da [[Luanda]], babban birnin Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na madatsar ruwan Calueque shine 17°16'22.0"S, 14°32'40.0"E (Latitude:-17.2778; Longitude:14.544444). == Tarihi == A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1964, wakilan gwamnatin Portugal da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu sun hadu a [[Lisbon|Lisbon, Portugal]] kuma sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da suka shafi gina madatsun ruwa a Kogin Kunene, don haka suna sarrafa yawan kwararar kogin da kuma kara yawan wutar lantarki a madatsun. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma danganta da kara yawan ruwa don amfani da mutane da dabbobi a Angola da Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka (yanzu Namibia). Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana wanda ya mallaki abin da kuma wanda zai gina, aiki da biyan (a) ''Gove Dam'' (b) Calueque Dam da Gove Hydroelectric Power Station da Ruacana Hydroele Electric Power Station.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2010">Kunene River Awareness Kit (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM "The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam"]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM the original] on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Food and Agriculture Organization |date=21 January 1969 |title=Agreement between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the government of Portugal in regard to the first phase of development of the water resources of the Cunene river basin Lisbon, 21 January 1969 |url=http://www.fao.org/3/w7414b/w7414b11.htm |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |format=FAO Quoting: Portugal, Dario do Governo. No. 250, 28 October 1970, p. 1589}}</ref> An fara gina madatsar ruwan Calueque a shekarar 1972. An watsar da aikin madatsar ruwan a 1976 saboda Yaƙin basasar Angola . A lokacin da aka dakatar da ginin a shekara ta 1976, an kammala kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na ayyukan farar hula kuma madatsar ruwan za ta iya samar da ruwa don amfani da mutum da dabbobi. A shekara ta 1988, "harin" ya lalata tsarin da ba cikakke ba.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=2010 |title=The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2010">Kunene River Awareness Kit (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM "The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam"]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM the original] on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Bernard E. Trainor |date=30 June 1988 |title=Pretoria Says Angola Raid Is Threat to Talks on Peace |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/pretoria-says-angola-raid-is-threat-to-talks-on-peace.html |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> == Gyara da ingantawa == A cikin shekara ta 2012, an fara gyare-gyare da gyare- gyare-jafe na madatsar ruwan. An kammala aikin farfadowa a shekarar 2015.<ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=P. C. Blersch, W. van Wyk, R. Steenkamp |date=2015 |title=2015–Rehabilitation of Calueque Dam: Challenges And Successes |url=https://www.ancold.org.au/?product=2015-rehabilitation-of-calueque-dam-challenges-and-successes |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=The Australian National Committee on Large Dams Incorporated (ANCOLD Inc)}}</ref> Sauran aikin ingantawa sun haɗa da farfado da tashar da ke dauke da ruwa don amfani da mutum da dabbobi, daga madatsar ruwa a Calueque, Angola zuwa Oshakati, Namibia, auna kilomita 150 (93 . <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=16 February 2021 |title=Namibia: NamWater Launches The Rehabilitation of the Calueque-Oshakati Canal |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/namibia-namwater-launches-the-rehabilitation-of-the-calueque-oshakati-canal/ |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> == Manazarta == fiph1nmlbz5arf62fbqlrdjosmt9gjs 0 152620 841212 2026-05-28T08:26:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1264178705|Capanda Dam]]" 841212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madatsar ruwan Capanda''' madatsar ruwa ce ta samar da wutar lantarki a [[Kogin Cuanza|kogin Kwanza]] da ke lardin Malanje, [[Angola]] . An gina ta a tsakanin 1987-2007 ta kamfanin Rasha Tekhnopromexport, babban mai tsara gine-gine - cibiyar Hydroproject (Babban Injiniya - Ph.D. Fedosov VE) Cibiyar tana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da injinan turbines guda huɗu da {{Convert|130|MW}} kowanne, jimillar ƙarfin da aka sanya zuwa {{Convert|520|MW}} . Jimillar kuɗin da ya kai dala biliyan 4 na Amurka . An kuma kashe ƙarin kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 400 wajen gyara barnar da aka yi a lokacin mamayar da [[UNITA]] ta yi wa yankin a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Angola a 1992 da 1999. == Tsarin == Babban tsarin sun hada da: * madatsar ruwa mai nauyi, wanda ya haɗa da: cikakken ɓangaren madatsar ruwan, tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa, * wanda ya hada da: GES, bututun rami guda huɗu, * gidan wutar lantarki bude switchgear (ORU 220 kW) &nbsp; * Ginin gudanarwa == Muhimmancin tattalin arziki == Ya zuwa 2013 Capanda HPP tana samar da fiye da rabin dukkan wutar lantarki a Angola kuma ita ce mafi girman hadadden wutar lantarki a kasar == Tarihin gini == A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1982 Angola ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Soviet-Angola tsakanin gwamnatoci don kwangilar tsarin, don gina madatsar ruwa. Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Man Fetur ta Angola, ta kafa ƙungiyar gudanar da majalisa don gudanar da gine-gine don ƙungiyar kwangila ta Tsakiya (GAMEK) ta Capanda, wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyar cinikin kasashen waje ta Soviet "Tekhnopromexport", da kamfanin gine-gine na Brazil Odebrecht. Shirin farko da binciken farko na taswirar kan daidaitattun madatsar ruwan, kamfanin COBA na Portugal ne ya yi su a shekarar 1965. Wannan aikin ya haɗa da gina madatsar ruwa, bisa ga matattarar nauyi guda biyu. Masana Soviet sun soke wannan aikin kuma daga baya an rage farashin gini sosai. An kammala aikin Capanda HPP 520 MW a shekarar 1989. Shirin ya samu nasarar wuce binciken masana na jihar daga kungiyoyin USSR, Angola da Brazil. An fara ginin ne a watan Janairun 1987. Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi kammala madatsar ruwan a ƙarshen shekara ta 1992. Daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba na shekara ta 1988, an kammala gina ramin ramin. A ƙarshen Yuni 1989, an toshe Kogin Kwanzaa, kuma ruwan ya shiga cikin ramin. An kammala cika tafkin a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1992. An gina madatsar ruwan ne a karkashin yanayin yakin basasa da ke gudana a Angola. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1992, ƙungiyar soja ta UNITA ta kama shafin. A lokacin wannan harin an kashe kimanin 'yan Angola 20 - galibi' yan sanda da ke kula da wurin gini kuma an kashe kwararru uku na Rasha. Bayan kama shafin da ba a gama ba, ya tsaya ba tare da adanawa ko kiyayewa ba har zuwa 2000. A shekara ta 1997, an yi ƙoƙari don ci gaba da ginin. A lokacin binciken bincike a gefen madatsar ruwan, an sami alamun fashewa masu karfi. An gano hasumiyoyin da aka jefa a cikin kogi. Bayan UNITA ta bar yankin, wurin ginin ba shi da komai sai dai sauran bangon madatsar ruwan. Dukkanin barikin zama sun ƙone, kuma duk sabbin masu ginin kwangila / injiniyoyi dole ne su zauna a cikin alfarwan sojoji na ɗan lokaci. == Manazarta == eo8p5i39xthlef1aicmybbkbnrfnu36 841213 841212 2026-05-28T08:26:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madatsar ruwan Capanda''' madatsar ruwa ce ta samar da wutar lantarki a [[Kogin Cuanza|kogin Kwanza]] da ke lardin Malanje, [[Angola]] . An gina ta a tsakanin 1987-2007 ta kamfanin Rasha Tekhnopromexport, babban mai tsara gine-gine - cibiyar Hydroproject (Babban Injiniya - Ph.D. Fedosov VE) Cibiyar tana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da injinan turbines guda huɗu da {{Convert|130|MW}} kowanne, jimillar ƙarfin da aka sanya zuwa {{Convert|520|MW}} . Jimillar kuɗin da ya kai dala biliyan 4 na Amurka . An kuma kashe ƙarin kuɗi sama da dala miliyan 400 wajen gyara barnar da aka yi a lokacin mamayar da [[UNITA]] ta yi wa yankin a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Angola a 1992 da 1999. == Tsarin == Babban tsarin sun hada da: * madatsar ruwa mai nauyi, wanda ya haɗa da: cikakken ɓangaren madatsar ruwan, tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa, * wanda ya hada da: GES, bututun rami guda huɗu, * gidan wutar lantarki bude switchgear (ORU 220 kW) &nbsp; * Ginin gudanarwa == Muhimmancin tattalin arziki == Ya zuwa 2013 Capanda HPP tana samar da fiye da rabin dukkan wutar lantarki a Angola kuma ita ce mafi girman hadadden wutar lantarki a kasar == Tarihin gini == A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1982 Angola ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Soviet-Angola tsakanin gwamnatoci don kwangilar tsarin, don gina madatsar ruwa. Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Man Fetur ta Angola, ta kafa ƙungiyar gudanar da majalisa don gudanar da gine-gine don ƙungiyar kwangila ta Tsakiya (GAMEK) ta Capanda, wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyar cinikin kasashen waje ta Soviet "Tekhnopromexport", da kamfanin gine-gine na Brazil Odebrecht. Shirin farko da binciken farko na taswirar kan daidaitattun madatsar ruwan, kamfanin COBA na Portugal ne ya yi su a shekarar 1965. Wannan aikin ya haɗa da gina madatsar ruwa, bisa ga matattarar nauyi guda biyu. Masana Soviet sun soke wannan aikin kuma daga baya an rage farashin gini sosai. An kammala aikin Capanda HPP 520 MW a shekarar 1989. Shirin ya samu nasarar wuce binciken masana na jihar daga kungiyoyin USSR, Angola da Brazil. An fara ginin ne a watan Janairun 1987. Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi kammala madatsar ruwan a ƙarshen shekara ta 1992. Daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba na shekara ta 1988, an kammala gina ramin ramin. A ƙarshen Yuni 1989, an toshe Kogin Kwanzaa, kuma ruwan ya shiga cikin ramin. An kammala cika tafkin a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1992. An gina madatsar ruwan ne a karkashin yanayin yakin basasa da ke gudana a Angola. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1992, ƙungiyar soja ta UNITA ta kama shafin. A lokacin wannan harin an kashe kimanin 'yan Angola 20 - galibi' yan sanda da ke kula da wurin gini kuma an kashe kwararru uku na Rasha. Bayan kama shafin da ba a gama ba, ya tsaya ba tare da adanawa ko kiyayewa ba har zuwa 2000. A shekara ta 1997, an yi ƙoƙari don ci gaba da ginin. A lokacin binciken bincike a gefen madatsar ruwan, an sami alamun fashewa masu karfi. An gano hasumiyoyin da aka jefa a cikin kogi. Bayan UNITA ta bar yankin, wurin ginin ba shi da komai sai dai sauran bangon madatsar ruwan. Dukkanin barikin zama sun ƙone, kuma duk sabbin masu ginin kwangila / injiniyoyi dole ne su zauna a cikin alfarwan sojoji na ɗan lokaci. == Manazarta == 0xq56zcsgd2hoicy2tg5pe77a6mpwmw 0 152621 841214 2026-05-28T08:28:06Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330329729|Enoch Showunmi]]" 841214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enoch Olusesan Showunmi''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . An haife shi a Ingila, ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ya lashe wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin kulob == === Garin Luton === Showunmi ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a farkon watan Satumba na 2003 bayan ya yi nasarar gwadawa a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasa akai-akai a lokacin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2003-04 da ƙungiyoyi kamar AFC Wimbledon . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, Luton yana da ƙaramin ƙungiya saboda ikon gudanarwa da suke da shi, wanda ya hana su sayen sabbin 'yan wasa. Ɗan wasan tsakiya na yau da kullun kuma kyaftin Kevin Nicholls ya sami rauni wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa na tsawon watanni uku, kuma Luton ya sami damar amfani da wannan raunin don neman izinin shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa don siyan Showunmi. Wasan farko da Showunmi ya fara bugawa ya faru ne a kan Plymouth Argyle a watan Satumba na 2003, kuma kwallonsa ta farko ta zo ne a wasan da Najeriya ta lashe kofin Football League Cup da Rushden &amp;amp; Diamonds a watan Nuwamba. A karshen kakar wasa, ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan gida da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] . Jimilla ya zura kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 28 a kakar wasa ta 2003-04, wanda ya kai ga fara wasa a gasar kasa da kasa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|tawagar Najeriya]] a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 71 a wasan da suka doke Jamhuriyar Ireland da ci 3-0 a The Valley a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2004. Ya kuma kasance wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan da Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Jamaica . Lokacin da Luton ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2004–05, Showunmi ya saba amfani da shi a matsayin "super-sub" don ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 38, bakwai kacal daga cikinsu ya fara, ciki har da wanda ya ci nasara a wasan da suka yi da AFC Bournemouth bayan Luton ya buga mafi yawan wasan da 'yan wasa 10 kacal. A shekarar 2005–06 Showunmi ya kan buga wasa a [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]], inda ya samu nasara mai yawa, saboda raunin da 'yan wasan tsakiya da dama suka samu a kulob din. === Birnin Bristol === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Showunmi ya koma Bristol City a matsayin dan wasan da ya koma Bosman . Ya fara kakar wasa da kyau, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasanni uku a jere. Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni lokaci-lokaci a sauran kakar wasa saboda raunuka da kuma kyakkyawan tsari daga sauran 'yan wasan gaba na City. Duk da cewa ba ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar farko, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasa na biyu mafi zura kwallaye a Bristol City, bayan [[Phil Jevons]], da kwallaye 13 a dukkan gasannin. Showunmi ya fuskanci ƙalubale sosai a gasarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, musamman bayan da abokan wasansa na gaba Lee Trundle da Darren Byfield suka sanya hannu a ƙungiyar, kuma Steve Brooker shi ma yana cikin waɗanda za su fafata bayan ya dawo cikin ƙoshin lafiya. A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2008, ya fara tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da ƙungiyar League One [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], bayan da Leeds da Bristol City suka amince kan yarjejeniyar dindindin don ɗaukar Showunmi zuwa Elland Road . Duk da haka, Showunmi ya ƙi komawa ƙungiyar Yorkshire ya zauna a Ashton Gate don ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, a ranar 31 ga Janairu, ya kammala komawa ƙungiyar Championship Sheffield Wednesday bisa lamunin gaggawa har zuwa 1 ga Maris. Daga baya an tsawaita wannan zuwa wani wata, amma a farkon watan Afrilu Showunmi ya yanke shawarar komawa Ashton Gate domin taimakawa ƙungiyar wajen haɓaka 'yan wasa. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, hukumar FA ta sanar da cewa ta tuhumi Showunmi da "yin amfani da ayyukan wani mutum, wanda ba wakili mai lasisi ba ne ko kuma wanda ke da ikon yin aiki a irin wannan matsayin, don wakiltarsa a tattaunawar kwangila da [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a ko kusa da watan Fabrairun 2004 da kuma tsakanin Nuwamba 2005 da Janairun 2006", zargin da ya shafi Bristol City da Charles Collymore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The website for the English football association, The FA Cup and The England football team – Governance – The FA |url=http://www.thefa.com/News/governance/2008/apr/showunmi_bristolc_charges |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Daga baya hukumar FA ta ci Showunmi tarar £2,000 da Bristol City £15,000, yayin da aka gano cewa ba a tabbatar da zargin da ake yi wa Collymore ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2009 |title=Bristol City fined after dealing with unlicensed agent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/may/01/bristol-city-fine-football |website=The Guardian}}</ref> City ta sallame shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2007–08 tare da abokin wasansa Darren Byfield, ɗan wasan tsakiya Alex Russell da kuma masu tsaron baya Martin Slocombe da Tamás Vaskó . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] npp4odvvt7pbg5m0i7f3sqhqqtfmpxc 841216 841214 2026-05-28T08:28:32Z Sardeeq 39275 841216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enoch Olusesan Showunmi''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . An haife shi a Ingila, ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ya lashe wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin kulob == === Garin Luton === Showunmi ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a farkon watan Satumba na 2003 bayan ya yi nasarar gwadawa a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasa akai-akai a lokacin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2003-04 da ƙungiyoyi kamar AFC Wimbledon . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, Luton yana da ƙaramin ƙungiya saboda ikon gudanarwa da suke da shi, wanda ya hana su sayen sabbin 'yan wasa. Ɗan wasan tsakiya na yau da kullun kuma kyaftin Kevin Nicholls ya sami rauni wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa na tsawon watanni uku, kuma Luton ya sami damar amfani da wannan raunin don neman izinin shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa don siyan Showunmi. Wasan farko da Showunmi ya fara bugawa ya faru ne a kan Plymouth Argyle a watan Satumba na 2003, kuma kwallonsa ta farko ta zo ne a wasan da Najeriya ta lashe kofin Football League Cup da Rushden &amp;amp; Diamonds a watan Nuwamba. A karshen kakar wasa, ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan gida da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] . Jimilla ya zura kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 28 a kakar wasa ta 2003-04, wanda ya kai ga fara wasa a gasar kasa da kasa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|tawagar Najeriya]] a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 71 a wasan da suka doke Jamhuriyar Ireland da ci 3-0 a The Valley a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2004. Ya kuma kasance wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan da Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Jamaica . Lokacin da Luton ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2004–05, Showunmi ya saba amfani da shi a matsayin "super-sub" don ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 38, bakwai kacal daga cikinsu ya fara, ciki har da wanda ya ci nasara a wasan da suka yi da AFC Bournemouth bayan Luton ya buga mafi yawan wasan da 'yan wasa 10 kacal. A shekarar 2005–06 Showunmi ya kan buga wasa a [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]], inda ya samu nasara mai yawa, saboda raunin da 'yan wasan tsakiya da dama suka samu a kulob din. === Birnin Bristol === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Showunmi ya koma Bristol City a matsayin dan wasan da ya koma Bosman . Ya fara kakar wasa da kyau, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasanni uku a jere. Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni lokaci-lokaci a sauran kakar wasa saboda raunuka da kuma kyakkyawan tsari daga sauran 'yan wasan gaba na City. Duk da cewa ba ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar farko, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasa na biyu mafi zura kwallaye a Bristol City, bayan [[Phil Jevons]], da kwallaye 13 a dukkan gasannin. Showunmi ya fuskanci ƙalubale sosai a gasarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, musamman bayan da abokan wasansa na gaba Lee Trundle da Darren Byfield suka sanya hannu a ƙungiyar, kuma Steve Brooker shi ma yana cikin waɗanda za su fafata bayan ya dawo cikin ƙoshin lafiya. A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2008, ya fara tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da ƙungiyar League One [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], bayan da Leeds da Bristol City suka amince kan yarjejeniyar dindindin don ɗaukar Showunmi zuwa Elland Road . Duk da haka, Showunmi ya ƙi komawa ƙungiyar Yorkshire ya zauna a Ashton Gate don ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, a ranar 31 ga Janairu, ya kammala komawa ƙungiyar Championship Sheffield Wednesday bisa lamunin gaggawa har zuwa 1 ga Maris. Daga baya an tsawaita wannan zuwa wani wata, amma a farkon watan Afrilu Showunmi ya yanke shawarar komawa Ashton Gate domin taimakawa ƙungiyar wajen haɓaka 'yan wasa. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, hukumar FA ta sanar da cewa ta tuhumi Showunmi da "yin amfani da ayyukan wani mutum, wanda ba wakili mai lasisi ba ne ko kuma wanda ke da ikon yin aiki a irin wannan matsayin, don wakiltarsa a tattaunawar kwangila da [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a ko kusa da watan Fabrairun 2004 da kuma tsakanin Nuwamba 2005 da Janairun 2006", zargin da ya shafi Bristol City da Charles Collymore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The website for the English football association, The FA Cup and The England football team – Governance – The FA |url=http://www.thefa.com/News/governance/2008/apr/showunmi_bristolc_charges |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Daga baya hukumar FA ta ci Showunmi tarar £2,000 da Bristol City £15,000, yayin da aka gano cewa ba a tabbatar da zargin da ake yi wa Collymore ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2009 |title=Bristol City fined after dealing with unlicensed agent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/may/01/bristol-city-fine-football |website=The Guardian}}</ref> City ta sallame shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2007–08 tare da abokin wasansa Darren Byfield, ɗan wasan tsakiya Alex Russell da kuma masu tsaron baya Martin Slocombe da Tamás Vaskó . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] bbjt7xmhnaml618mlv2uuw7iwq2r9hl 841221 841216 2026-05-28T08:30:19Z Sardeeq 39275 841221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enoch Olusesan Showunmi''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . An haife shi a Ingila, ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ya lashe wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar. == Aikin kulob == === Garin Luton === Showunmi ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a farkon watan Satumba na 2003 bayan ya yi nasarar gwadawa a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasa akai-akai a lokacin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa ta 2003-04 da ƙungiyoyi kamar AFC Wimbledon . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, Luton yana da ƙaramin ƙungiya saboda ikon gudanarwa da suke da shi, wanda ya hana su sayen sabbin 'yan wasa. Ɗan wasan tsakiya na yau da kullun kuma kyaftin Kevin Nicholls ya sami rauni wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa na tsawon watanni uku, kuma Luton ya sami damar amfani da wannan raunin don neman izinin shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa don siyan Showunmi. Wasan farko da Showunmi ya fara bugawa ya faru ne a kan Plymouth Argyle a watan Satumba na 2003, kuma kwallonsa ta farko ta zo ne a wasan da Najeriya ta lashe kofin Football League Cup da Rushden &amp;amp; Diamonds a watan Nuwamba. A karshen kakar wasa, ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan gida da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] . Jimilla ya zura kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 28 a kakar wasa ta 2003-04, wanda ya kai ga fara wasa a gasar kasa da kasa a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|tawagar Najeriya]] a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 71 a wasan da suka doke Jamhuriyar Ireland da ci 3-0 a The Valley a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2004. Ya kuma kasance wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan da Najeriya ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Jamaica . Lokacin da Luton ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2004–05, Showunmi ya saba amfani da shi a matsayin "super-sub" don ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 38, bakwai kacal daga cikinsu ya fara, ciki har da wanda ya ci nasara a wasan da suka yi da AFC Bournemouth bayan Luton ya buga mafi yawan wasan da 'yan wasa 10 kacal. A shekarar 2005–06 Showunmi ya kan buga wasa a [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]], inda ya samu nasara mai yawa, saboda raunin da 'yan wasan tsakiya da dama suka samu a kulob din. === Birnin Bristol === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Showunmi ya koma Bristol City a matsayin dan wasan da ya koma Bosman . Ya fara kakar wasa da kyau, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasanni uku a jere. Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni lokaci-lokaci a sauran kakar wasa saboda raunuka da kuma kyakkyawan tsari daga sauran 'yan wasan gaba na City. Duk da cewa ba ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar farko, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasa na biyu mafi zura kwallaye a Bristol City, bayan [[Phil Jevons]], da kwallaye 13 a dukkan gasannin. Showunmi ya fuskanci ƙalubale sosai a gasarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, musamman bayan da abokan wasansa na gaba Lee Trundle da Darren Byfield suka sanya hannu a ƙungiyar, kuma Steve Brooker shi ma yana cikin waɗanda za su fafata bayan ya dawo cikin ƙoshin lafiya. A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2008, ya fara tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da ƙungiyar League One [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], bayan da Leeds da Bristol City suka amince kan yarjejeniyar dindindin don ɗaukar Showunmi zuwa Elland Road . Duk da haka, Showunmi ya ƙi komawa ƙungiyar Yorkshire ya zauna a Ashton Gate don ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, a ranar 31 ga Janairu, ya kammala komawa ƙungiyar Championship Sheffield Wednesday bisa lamunin gaggawa har zuwa 1 ga Maris. Daga baya an tsawaita wannan zuwa wani wata, amma a farkon watan Afrilu Showunmi ya yanke shawarar komawa Ashton Gate domin taimakawa ƙungiyar wajen haɓaka 'yan wasa. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, hukumar FA ta sanar da cewa ta tuhumi Showunmi da "yin amfani da ayyukan wani mutum, wanda ba wakili mai lasisi ba ne ko kuma wanda ke da ikon yin aiki a irin wannan matsayin, don wakiltarsa a tattaunawar kwangila da [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a ko kusa da watan Fabrairun 2004 da kuma tsakanin Nuwamba 2005 da Janairun 2006", zargin da ya shafi Bristol City da Charles Collymore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The website for the English football association, The FA Cup and The England football team – Governance – The FA |url=http://www.thefa.com/News/governance/2008/apr/showunmi_bristolc_charges |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Daga baya hukumar FA ta ci Showunmi tarar £2,000 da Bristol City £15,000, yayin da aka gano cewa ba a tabbatar da zargin da ake yi wa Collymore ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2009 |title=Bristol City fined after dealing with unlicensed agent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/may/01/bristol-city-fine-football |website=The Guardian}}</ref> City ta sallame shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2007–08 tare da abokin wasansa Darren Byfield, ɗan wasan tsakiya Alex Russell da kuma masu tsaron baya Martin Slocombe da Tamás Vaskó . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] nitn4871tqcpds1e1wte8he9ypdat3i 0 152622 841215 2026-05-28T08:28:22Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1210795578|List of Republic of the Congo films]]" 841215 wikitext text/x-wiki Jerin [[Fim|fina-finai]] da aka shirya a ƙasar '''[[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]''': == C == * ''Chapelle, La'' (1980) * ''Chasse à l'aigrette en Afrique'' (1911) * ''Corps et l'esprit, Le'' (1977) * ''[[Congo Calling]]'' (2019) == D == * ''Der Leone have sept cabeças'' (1971) * ''Dernier des Babingas, Le'' (1990) * ''Décision, La'' (1987) == F == * ''[[Festival panafricain d'Alger 1969|Festival panafricain d'Alger]]'' (1970) == I == * ''Illusions'' (1970) == K == * ''Konga Yo'' (1962) == M == * ''M'Pongo'' (1982) * ''Manioc'' (1983) * ''Mwana keba'' (1970) == R == * ''[[La Rançon d'une alliance|Rançon d'une alliance, La]]'' (1974) == T == * ''Tenrikyo, une tradition en toge noire'' (2006) == V == * ''Voyage à Ouaga'' (2001) == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/Congo/ Fim din Kongo] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] 0b9a4vq5g8f26og17qmndiqrsg62zlp 841217 841215 2026-05-28T08:28:41Z Gwanki 3834 841217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Jerin [[Fim|fina-finai]] da aka shirya a ƙasar '''[[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]''': == C == * ''Chapelle, La'' (1980) * ''Chasse à l'aigrette en Afrique'' (1911) * ''Corps et l'esprit, Le'' (1977) * ''[[Congo Calling]]'' (2019) == D == * ''Der Leone have sept cabeças'' (1971) * ''Dernier des Babingas, Le'' (1990) * ''Décision, La'' (1987) == F == * ''[[Festival panafricain d'Alger 1969|Festival panafricain d'Alger]]'' (1970) == I == * ''Illusions'' (1970) == K == * ''Konga Yo'' (1962) == M == * ''M'Pongo'' (1982) * ''Manioc'' (1983) * ''Mwana keba'' (1970) == R == * ''[[La Rançon d'une alliance|Rançon d'une alliance, La]]'' (1974) == T == * ''Tenrikyo, une tradition en toge noire'' (2006) == V == * ''Voyage à Ouaga'' (2001) == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/Congo/ Fim din Kongo] a Cibiyar [[IMDb|Bayanan Fim na Intanet]] ara7tjpy13iwee0wxh2sce4vy306ahb 0 152623 841218 2026-05-28T08:29:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324369931|Calueque]]" 841218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calueque''' gari ne da ke kusa da wani madatsar ruwa da tashar famfo mai suna iri ɗaya a Kogin Kunene a lardin Kunene da ke kudancin [[Angola]] . Aikin ruwan yana da alaƙa da Ruacana, {{Convert|20|km}} nesa da [[Namibiya|Namibia]], inda Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana take. Wannan madatsar ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na ƙarshe a gefen Kogin Kunene, kafin Kunene ta zama wani yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Angola da Namibia. <ref> {{Cite encyclopedia|edition=C.}}</ref> A {{Convert|300|km}} bututun mai da magudanar ruwa sun ratsa kan iyaka zuwa [[Namibiya|Namibia]], suna samar wa garuruwa masu nisa kamar Oshakati a Ovamboland ruwa. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1976. Duk da haka, saboda fara yakin basasar Angola bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatocin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Portugal]] ba su cimma cikakken shirin shirin ba. == Yaƙin basasar Angola == Yankin yana da muhimmancin dabarun, yana ba da hujja ga farkon shiga tsakani na soja na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Yaƙin basasar Angola lokacin da 'Yan tawaye suka yi barazanar ma'aikatan a wurin. Cikakken shiga tsakani ta hanyar Operation Savannah na SADF ya biyo baya jim kadan bayan haka. A duk lokacin yakin basasar Angola, Sojojin Afirka ta Kudu sun ci gaba da mamaye Calueque. A shekara ta 1988, a lokacin Yaƙin Cuito Cuanavale, [[Cuba|Cuban]] sun bude gaba ta biyu a kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu kuma sun kaddamar da babban hari a karkashin jagorancin Calueque. Yankin da ke arewacin madatsar ruwan ya zama wurin gwagwarmayar jini wanda ya zama canji a yakin. A ranar 27 ga Yuni 1988, mayakan Cuban MiG-23 sun kai hari kan wuraren. Jirgin sama na farko ya jefa bam a kan gadar da ƙofofin ƙofar, inda ya kashe sojojin Afirka ta Kudu a cikin tsari. Wani guguwa ya jefa bam a cikin famfo da janareta, yayin da na uku ya lalata bututun zuwa Ovamboland. Abin sha'awa, daya daga cikin bama-bamai na ƙarshe ya kai ga matsayin sojojin Afirka ta Kudu da ke kusa waɗanda suka fita daga jirgin su na Buffel don kallon abubuwan da suka faru. Dam din da bututun mai sun lalace sosai, wanda ya sa shirin bai yi aiki ba. 'Yan Afirka ta Kudu (SWATF, A Coy, 701Bn) sune na karshe da suka bar, suka koma kan gadar zuwa SWA a ranar 29 ga Yuni, bayan sun fashe ganuwar da aka gina a bangon madatsar ruwan. Yayinda aka yi watsi da madatsar ruwan Calueque da gadar tun bayan fashewar bam na 1988, Gwamnatin Angola a watan Afrilun 2012 ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar dala miliyan 225 don gyara bangon madatsar ruwa, gina shuke-shuke biyu, sabon tashar da kuma tashar ban ruwa 21. An ba da aikin ga Mota-Engil da Lyon kuma an shirya shi don ɗaukar watanni 25. == Manazarta == 7dhva3j78bqsfbs4n6npfuo3ockziok 841219 841218 2026-05-28T08:29:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Calueque''' gari ne da ke kusa da wani madatsar ruwa da tashar famfo mai suna iri ɗaya a Kogin Kunene a lardin Kunene da ke kudancin [[Angola]] . Aikin ruwan yana da alaƙa da Ruacana, {{Convert|20|km}} nesa da [[Namibiya|Namibia]], inda Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana take. Wannan madatsar ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren tarihi na ƙarshe a gefen Kogin Kunene, kafin Kunene ta zama wani yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Angola da Namibia. <ref> {{Cite encyclopedia|edition=C.}}</ref> A {{Convert|300|km}} bututun mai da magudanar ruwa sun ratsa kan iyaka zuwa [[Namibiya|Namibia]], suna samar wa garuruwa masu nisa kamar Oshakati a Ovamboland ruwa. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1976. Duk da haka, saboda fara yakin basasar Angola bayan samun 'yancin kai, gwamnatocin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Portugal]] ba su cimma cikakken shirin shirin ba. == Yaƙin basasar Angola == Yankin yana da muhimmancin dabarun, yana ba da hujja ga farkon shiga tsakani na soja na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin Yaƙin basasar Angola lokacin da 'Yan tawaye suka yi barazanar ma'aikatan a wurin. Cikakken shiga tsakani ta hanyar Operation Savannah na SADF ya biyo baya jim kadan bayan haka. A duk lokacin yakin basasar Angola, Sojojin Afirka ta Kudu sun ci gaba da mamaye Calueque. A shekara ta 1988, a lokacin Yaƙin Cuito Cuanavale, [[Cuba|Cuban]] sun bude gaba ta biyu a kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu kuma sun kaddamar da babban hari a karkashin jagorancin Calueque. Yankin da ke arewacin madatsar ruwan ya zama wurin gwagwarmayar jini wanda ya zama canji a yakin. A ranar 27 ga Yuni 1988, mayakan Cuban MiG-23 sun kai hari kan wuraren. Jirgin sama na farko ya jefa bam a kan gadar da ƙofofin ƙofar, inda ya kashe sojojin Afirka ta Kudu a cikin tsari. Wani guguwa ya jefa bam a cikin famfo da janareta, yayin da na uku ya lalata bututun zuwa Ovamboland. Abin sha'awa, daya daga cikin bama-bamai na ƙarshe ya kai ga matsayin sojojin Afirka ta Kudu da ke kusa waɗanda suka fita daga jirgin su na Buffel don kallon abubuwan da suka faru. Dam din da bututun mai sun lalace sosai, wanda ya sa shirin bai yi aiki ba. 'Yan Afirka ta Kudu (SWATF, A Coy, 701Bn) sune na karshe da suka bar, suka koma kan gadar zuwa SWA a ranar 29 ga Yuni, bayan sun fashe ganuwar da aka gina a bangon madatsar ruwan. Yayinda aka yi watsi da madatsar ruwan Calueque da gadar tun bayan fashewar bam na 1988, Gwamnatin Angola a watan Afrilun 2012 ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar dala miliyan 225 don gyara bangon madatsar ruwa, gina shuke-shuke biyu, sabon tashar da kuma tashar ban ruwa 21. An ba da aikin ga Mota-Engil da Lyon kuma an shirya shi don ɗaukar watanni 25. == Manazarta == lgxknebb0c5t67r05kujmk5p54u5g63 0 152624 841220 2026-05-28T08:30:18Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1176722429|Baynes Hydroelectric Power Station]]" 841220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Baynes''' wadda aka tsara za ta samar da {{Convert|600|MW|0}} tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa a arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]], a kan iyaka da [[Angola]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin Kogin Kunene, a Yankin Kunene na Namibia, kimanin {{Convert|200|km|0}} a ƙasan Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana, a kan iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa da [[Angola|Jamhuriyar Angola]] . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=10 April 2020 |title=Angola & Namibia: Concluded Agreement for Baynes Dam Construction in 2021 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/angola-namibia-concluded-agreement-for-baynes-dam-construction-in-2021/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> Wurin yana a gindin tsaunuka na Baynes Mountains, kimanin kilomita 750 (466 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso yammacin [[Windhoek]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Namibia. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki za su zauna a kan iyakar tsakanin Angola da Namibia.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Kafin shekara ta 2005, NamPower, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Namibia, ya ci gaba da Yarjejeniyar Firm Power (FPC) tare da Eskom na Afirka ta Kudu. A wannan shekarar, kwangilar ta ƙare kuma ba za a iya sabuntawa ba saboda Afirka ta Kudu tana da karancin wutar lantarki. Nazarin hadin gwiwa, kimantawa na muhalli da sake zama, sun zaɓi wurin da ke yanzu, saboda shi ne mafi ƙarancin rikici ga muhalli kuma ga rayuwar al'ummomin asali. Gwamnatocin Angola da Namibia sun yanke shawarar gina tashar wutar lantarki ta 600 megawatt kuma su raba makamashi daidai.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayani game da fasaha == Dam din ya kunshi dutse mai cike da dutse tare da fuska. Ruwan dutse zai zama 12,000,000 mita (423,776,001 . Matsakaicin tsawo na bangon madatsar ruwan zai zama mita 200 (656 , samar da tafkin da ke auna kilomita 43 (27 , tsawo da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 4 (2 . Sakamakon tafkin zai sami yanki na kilomita 57 (22 sq kuma yana riƙe da mita cubic 2,650,000,000 (9.3583866812 cu ft) na ruwa. Za a samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar turbines biyar na Francis-type Vertical Axis. Turbines guda biyu kowannensu zai sami damar 71 megawatts kuma uku tare da 156.75 megawatts damar kowannensu.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Gine-gine == An lissafa kasafin kuɗin ginin a dala biliyan 1.2. An shirya ginin don farawa a cikin 2021 kuma ya kammala a cikin 2025. Bayan kammala, ana sa ran Angola da Namibia za su yi amfani da megawatts 300 kowannensu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Dominic Mandela |date=19 March 2020 |title=Namibia, Angola to develop cross-border Baynes hydroelectric dam |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/03/namibia-angola-to-develop-cross-border-baynes-hydroelectric-dam/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=Construction Review Online}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2020, an tura wannan jadawalin lokaci; tare da ginin da ya fara a 2023 kuma ya fara aiki a 2029.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Charmaine Ngatjiheue |date=20 April 2020 |title=Baynes Power Plant Construction Slated For 2023 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/90396/read/Baynes-power-plant-construction-slated-for-2023 |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> gq730gdk0h6whnduxwrcvpsscev4dc9 841222 841220 2026-05-28T08:30:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Baynes''' wadda aka tsara za ta samar da {{Convert|600|MW|0}} tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa a arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]], a kan iyaka da [[Angola]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}</ref> == Wuri == Tashar wutar lantarki tana a fadin Kogin Kunene, a Yankin Kunene na Namibia, kimanin {{Convert|200|km|0}} a ƙasan Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruacana, a kan iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa da [[Angola|Jamhuriyar Angola]] . <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=10 April 2020 |title=Angola & Namibia: Concluded Agreement for Baynes Dam Construction in 2021 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/angola-namibia-concluded-agreement-for-baynes-dam-construction-in-2021/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}</ref> Wurin yana a gindin tsaunuka na Baynes Mountains, kimanin kilomita 750 (466 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso yammacin [[Windhoek]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Namibia. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki za su zauna a kan iyakar tsakanin Angola da Namibia.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Kafin shekara ta 2005, NamPower, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki a Namibia, ya ci gaba da Yarjejeniyar Firm Power (FPC) tare da Eskom na Afirka ta Kudu. A wannan shekarar, kwangilar ta ƙare kuma ba za a iya sabuntawa ba saboda Afirka ta Kudu tana da karancin wutar lantarki. Nazarin hadin gwiwa, kimantawa na muhalli da sake zama, sun zaɓi wurin da ke yanzu, saboda shi ne mafi ƙarancin rikici ga muhalli kuma ga rayuwar al'ummomin asali. Gwamnatocin Angola da Namibia sun yanke shawarar gina tashar wutar lantarki ta 600 megawatt kuma su raba makamashi daidai.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayani game da fasaha == Dam din ya kunshi dutse mai cike da dutse tare da fuska. Ruwan dutse zai zama 12,000,000 mita (423,776,001 . Matsakaicin tsawo na bangon madatsar ruwan zai zama mita 200 (656 , samar da tafkin da ke auna kilomita 43 (27 , tsawo da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 4 (2 . Sakamakon tafkin zai sami yanki na kilomita 57 (22 sq kuma yana riƙe da mita cubic 2,650,000,000 (9.3583866812 cu ft) na ruwa. Za a samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar turbines biyar na Francis-type Vertical Axis. Turbines guda biyu kowannensu zai sami damar 71 megawatts kuma uku tare da 156.75 megawatts damar kowannensu.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Baynes Power Station |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNamPower2020">NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=222 "Profile of Baynes Power Station"]. Windhoek: [[NamPower]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Gine-gine == An lissafa kasafin kuɗin ginin a dala biliyan 1.2. An shirya ginin don farawa a cikin 2021 kuma ya kammala a cikin 2025. Bayan kammala, ana sa ran Angola da Namibia za su yi amfani da megawatts 300 kowannensu.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Dominic Mandela |date=19 March 2020 |title=Namibia, Angola to develop cross-border Baynes hydroelectric dam |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/03/namibia-angola-to-develop-cross-border-baynes-hydroelectric-dam/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=Construction Review Online}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2020, an tura wannan jadawalin lokaci; tare da ginin da ya fara a 2023 kuma ya fara aiki a 2029.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Charmaine Ngatjiheue |date=20 April 2020 |title=Baynes Power Plant Construction Slated For 2023 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/90396/read/Baynes-power-plant-construction-slated-for-2023 |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> ==manazarta== toc1j2r7ikhms9i30vko1qpqkmb9a8t 0 152625 841224 2026-05-28T08:31:59Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353382162|Geba River]]" 841224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geba''' ( French , Portuguese [[kogi]] ne a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana gudana na kimanin {{Convert|550|km}} ta hanyar [[Gini|Guinea]], [[Senegal]], da [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . Ana kuma kiranta '''Kayanga''' a Senegal. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Hanya === Geba tana tasowa ne a yankin arewacin [[Gini|Guinea]] a tsaunukan [[Fouta Djallon]], ta ratsa kudancin [[Senegal]], sannan ta isa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . Tana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|550|km}} a cikin jimillar tsawon. <ref name="eosnap">{{Cite web |title=Golden Sediments from Geba River, Guinea Bissau |url=http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/golden-sediments-from-geba-river-guinea-bissau-november-27th-2012/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927094342/http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/golden-sediments-from-geba-river-guinea-bissau-november-27th-2012/ |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=Earth Snapshot |publisher=Chelys}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci kogi ne mai laushi, tare da mafi girma a lokacin ruwan sama (daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba). Yankunan da ke kewaye da ƙananan kogin suna da ambaliyar ruwa da ke ke kewaye le savanna da gandun daji, tare da yawan jama'a da ke kewayen aikin gona.<ref name="Z2017">{{Cite journal |last=Zúquete |first=Sara Tudela |last2=Coelho |first2=João |last3=Rosa |first3=Fernanda |last4=Vaz |first4=Yolanda |last5=Cassamá |first5=Bernardo |last6=Padre |first6=Ludovina |last7=Santos |first7=Dulce |last8=Basto |first8=Afonso P. |last9=Leitão |first9=Alexandre |date=January 2017 |title=Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations in cattle along Geba River basin in Guinea-Bissau |url=https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/20963/1/Tick%20Acari_%20Ixodidae%20infestations%20in%20cattle%20along%20Geba%20River%20basin%20in.pdf |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=161–169 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.013 |access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref> : 162 {{Rp|162}} Bakin Geba babban kogi ne wanda aka raba shi da Kogin Corubal . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sambou |first=Saly |last2=Dacosta |first2=Honore |last3=Diouf |first3=Rene Ndimag |last4=Diouf |first4=Ibrahima |last5=Kane |first5=Alioune |date=16 September 2020 |title=Hydropluviometric variability in non-Sahelian West Africa: case of the Koliba/Corubal River Basin (Guinea and Guinea-Bissau) |url=https://piahs.copernicus.org/articles/383/171/2020/ |journal=Proceedings of IAHS |language=en |publisher=Copernicus GmbH |volume=383 |pages=171–183 |doi=10.5194/piahs-383-171-2020 |access-date=3 April 2026 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Yankin ruwa na iya zama sama da mita 7 (23 a cikin bakin teku (wanda ake kira Geba Channel). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dièye |first=Arame |last2=Marchesiello |first2=Patrick |last3=Sow |first3=Bamol Ali |last4=Dieng |first4=Habib Boubacar |last5=Thuan |first5=Duong Hai |last6=Descroix |first6=Luc |date=August 2025 |title=Tidal amplification and distortion in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771425001969 |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=320 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109318 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kogin Anambe, Gambiel, da Campossa (ko Colufe). [[Colufe River|Kogin Colufe]] ya haɗu da Geba a [[Bafatá]] . Geba tana da babban kogi tare da Kogin Corubal (wanda ya haɗu da shi kusa da [[Xime, Guinea-Bissau|Xime]]). Bissau, babban birnin Guinea-Bissau yana gefen arewacin wannan bakin teku. Kogin ya kara fadada yayin da kogin ke gudana cikin Tekun Atlantika a kusa da Tsibirin Bijagós . <ref name="NASA">{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Kasha |date=18 June 2018 |title=The Meandering Estuaries of Guinea–Bissau - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/the-meandering-estuaries-of-guineabissau-92266/ |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=NASA Science}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Ashley |last2=Thieme |first2=Michele |title=Northern Upper Guinea |url=https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/511 |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> === Rashin ruwa === Rashin ruwa na Geba ya rufe kusan kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq . Kashi 65% na ruwa yana cikin Guinea-Bissau, 34% a Senegal, kuma karamin ragowar yana cikin kusurwar arewacin Guinea. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Fayil:Guineabissau_oli_2018137_lrg.jpg|thumb|Kogin Geba shine babbar hanyar ruwa mai launi mai haske a saman dama na wannan hoton tauraron dan adam na Landsat 8 na bakin tekun Bissau-Guinean. Launi na kogin ya kasance ne saboda yashi. Tsibirin Bijagós suna a kasa-hagu, kewaye da bakin Geba.]] Geba, tare da Kogin Corubal, suna zubar da tsaunin Bafatá. Har ila yau, yana zubar da Gabú Plain, tare da [[Kogin Cacheu|Kogin Farim]] (wanda aka fi sani da Kogin Cacheu), da kuma yankunansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pélissier |first=René |title=Guinea-Bissau |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Geba ya daɗe yana da muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci da ke haɗawa cikin ciki; yana iya isa ga jiragen ruwa masu nauyin tan 2,000 kimanin kilomita 140 (87 a ciki, da kuma jiragen ruwa masu zurfi har ma da ƙari. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Garin Geba, wanda ke gefen kogin, ya zama babban wurin kasuwanci. Ya haɗa hanyoyin kasuwanci na [[Mutanen Soninke|Soninke]], Mandé, [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]], da Biafada. Geba ta shiga cikin [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|Cinikin bayi na Atlantic]]. Ana kuma sayar da Kwayoyin Kola, karafa, da hauren giwa a can.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Havik |first=Philip J. |date=2007 |title=The Port of Geba: at the crossroads of Afro-Atlantic trade and culture |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/873447/summary |journal=Mande Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=21–50 |doi=10.2979/mnd.2007.a873447 |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazartaa == qbyithl42hxqkgp71d89xpoxiw54n54 841225 841224 2026-05-28T08:32:14Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geba''' ( French , Portuguese [[kogi]] ne a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Yana gudana na kimanin {{Convert|550|km}} ta hanyar [[Gini|Guinea]], [[Senegal]], da [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . Ana kuma kiranta '''Kayanga''' a Senegal. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Hanya === Geba tana tasowa ne a yankin arewacin [[Gini|Guinea]] a tsaunukan [[Fouta Djallon]], ta ratsa kudancin [[Senegal]], sannan ta isa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] . Tana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|550|km}} a cikin jimillar tsawon. <ref name="eosnap">{{Cite web |title=Golden Sediments from Geba River, Guinea Bissau |url=http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/golden-sediments-from-geba-river-guinea-bissau-november-27th-2012/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927094342/http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/golden-sediments-from-geba-river-guinea-bissau-november-27th-2012/ |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=Earth Snapshot |publisher=Chelys}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci kogi ne mai laushi, tare da mafi girma a lokacin ruwan sama (daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba). Yankunan da ke kewaye da ƙananan kogin suna da ambaliyar ruwa da ke ke kewaye le savanna da gandun daji, tare da yawan jama'a da ke kewayen aikin gona.<ref name="Z2017">{{Cite journal |last=Zúquete |first=Sara Tudela |last2=Coelho |first2=João |last3=Rosa |first3=Fernanda |last4=Vaz |first4=Yolanda |last5=Cassamá |first5=Bernardo |last6=Padre |first6=Ludovina |last7=Santos |first7=Dulce |last8=Basto |first8=Afonso P. |last9=Leitão |first9=Alexandre |date=January 2017 |title=Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations in cattle along Geba River basin in Guinea-Bissau |url=https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/20963/1/Tick%20Acari_%20Ixodidae%20infestations%20in%20cattle%20along%20Geba%20River%20basin%20in.pdf |journal=Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=161–169 |doi=10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.013 |access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref> : 162 {{Rp|162}} Bakin Geba babban kogi ne wanda aka raba shi da Kogin Corubal . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sambou |first=Saly |last2=Dacosta |first2=Honore |last3=Diouf |first3=Rene Ndimag |last4=Diouf |first4=Ibrahima |last5=Kane |first5=Alioune |date=16 September 2020 |title=Hydropluviometric variability in non-Sahelian West Africa: case of the Koliba/Corubal River Basin (Guinea and Guinea-Bissau) |url=https://piahs.copernicus.org/articles/383/171/2020/ |journal=Proceedings of IAHS |language=en |publisher=Copernicus GmbH |volume=383 |pages=171–183 |doi=10.5194/piahs-383-171-2020 |access-date=3 April 2026 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Yankin ruwa na iya zama sama da mita 7 (23 a cikin bakin teku (wanda ake kira Geba Channel). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dièye |first=Arame |last2=Marchesiello |first2=Patrick |last3=Sow |first3=Bamol Ali |last4=Dieng |first4=Habib Boubacar |last5=Thuan |first5=Duong Hai |last6=Descroix |first6=Luc |date=August 2025 |title=Tidal amplification and distortion in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771425001969 |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=320 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109318 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kogin Anambe, Gambiel, da Campossa (ko Colufe). [[Colufe River|Kogin Colufe]] ya haɗu da Geba a [[Bafatá]] . Geba tana da babban kogi tare da Kogin Corubal (wanda ya haɗu da shi kusa da [[Xime, Guinea-Bissau|Xime]]). Bissau, babban birnin Guinea-Bissau yana gefen arewacin wannan bakin teku. Kogin ya kara fadada yayin da kogin ke gudana cikin Tekun Atlantika a kusa da Tsibirin Bijagós . <ref name="NASA">{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Kasha |date=18 June 2018 |title=The Meandering Estuaries of Guinea–Bissau - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/the-meandering-estuaries-of-guineabissau-92266/ |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=NASA Science}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Ashley |last2=Thieme |first2=Michele |title=Northern Upper Guinea |url=https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/511 |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World}}</ref> === Rashin ruwa === Rashin ruwa na Geba ya rufe kusan kilomita 12,000 (4,600 sq . Kashi 65% na ruwa yana cikin Guinea-Bissau, 34% a Senegal, kuma karamin ragowar yana cikin kusurwar arewacin Guinea. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Fayil:Guineabissau_oli_2018137_lrg.jpg|thumb|Kogin Geba shine babbar hanyar ruwa mai launi mai haske a saman dama na wannan hoton tauraron dan adam na Landsat 8 na bakin tekun Bissau-Guinean. Launi na kogin ya kasance ne saboda yashi. Tsibirin Bijagós suna a kasa-hagu, kewaye da bakin Geba.]] Geba, tare da Kogin Corubal, suna zubar da tsaunin Bafatá. Har ila yau, yana zubar da Gabú Plain, tare da [[Kogin Cacheu|Kogin Farim]] (wanda aka fi sani da Kogin Cacheu), da kuma yankunansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pélissier |first=René |title=Guinea-Bissau |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Guinea-Bissau |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Geba ya daɗe yana da muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci da ke haɗawa cikin ciki; yana iya isa ga jiragen ruwa masu nauyin tan 2,000 kimanin kilomita 140 (87 a ciki, da kuma jiragen ruwa masu zurfi har ma da ƙari. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Garin Geba, wanda ke gefen kogin, ya zama babban wurin kasuwanci. Ya haɗa hanyoyin kasuwanci na [[Mutanen Soninke|Soninke]], Mandé, [[Daular Kaabu|Kaabu]], da Biafada. Geba ta shiga cikin [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|Cinikin bayi na Atlantic]]. Ana kuma sayar da Kwayoyin Kola, karafa, da hauren giwa a can.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Havik |first=Philip J. |date=2007 |title=The Port of Geba: at the crossroads of Afro-Atlantic trade and culture |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/873447/summary |journal=Mande Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=21–50 |doi=10.2979/mnd.2007.a873447 |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazartaa == 7hd3ghvl6zqiepnffjyx3vbcozvoeto 0 152626 841226 2026-05-28T08:32:50Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348601835|Baloji (rapper)]]" 841226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baloji''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978), wanda aka fi sani da MC Balo, rapper ne, mawaƙi, kuma darektan fim. Daga asalin Kongo, ya zauna a Belgium tun yana ƙarami. An san shi da MC Balo a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar hip-hop Starflam, ya ci gaba da neman aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin 2008. Fim dinsa na 2023 Omen ya fara ne a Cannes a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard, inda ya lashe kyautar New Voice, kuma ya zama babban nasara na duniya. Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a 96th Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi ''Baloji'' a [[Lubumbashi]], Zaire (yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], ko DRC), a cikin shekara ta 1978. Sunan Baloji kalma ce ta [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] da ke nufin "mutumin kimiyya" a zamanin mulkin mallaka, daga baya masu bisharar Kirista na Belgium suka lalata shi don nufin "mai Gishiri", ko kuma daidai da aljani. Sunan ya kasance abin kunya ne wanda dole ne ya shawo kansa.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> An haife shi ba tare da [[aure]] ba ga mahaifin Belgium da mahaifiyar Kongo, yana da shekaru uku ko hudu lokacin da mahaifinsa, ba tare da ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa ba, ya dauke shi ya zauna a Liège, Belgium. <ref name="vourlias2023" /> Ya rasa hulɗa kuma bai sake haɗuwa da mahaifiyarsa ba har sai ya kai shekara 29.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> Lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru bakwai, mahaifinsa ya koma DRC, yana tafiya a baya da baya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da Baloji ya zauna tare da surukinsa. A shekara ta 14, Baloji ya rasa duk wata hulɗa da mahaifinsa, ya bar gida ya bar makaranta.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Ƙaunar Baloji ga shayari da kalmar da aka rubuta sun fara ne a wannan lokacin, daga ƙarshe ya kai shi cikin hip-hop. Da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan MC Balo, ya shiga ƙungiyar hip-hop H-Posse, daga ƙarshe an sake masa suna Starflam, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 15.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === Starflam, kundi na farko mai taken kansa ya fito ne a shekarar 1998, kuma a shekarar 2001 lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru 23, Survivant ya biyo baya, wanda ya tafi platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiki - Survivant — Starflam |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Starflam/Survivant/+wiki |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> Kundin karshe na Baloji tare da Starflam shine Donne moi de l'amour a shekara ta 2003 kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a shekara mai zuwa. Da yake ya yi takaici bayan ya rabu da Starflam, Baloji ya bar fagen kiɗa na 'yan shekaru kafin ya fara aikinsa na solo a shekara ta 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2008, Baloji ya fitar da kundi na farko, Hotel Impala, cakuda hip-hop, rai, da [[Afrobeat]]. Kundin ya kasance don, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi bayan sake haɗuwa da ita bayan rabuwa ta shekaru 25. Kodayake mahaifiyarsa ta rubuta masa wasiƙu a tsawon shekaru, bai sami ko ɗaya ba har zuwa 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> "Tun daga wannan lokacin, na ji kamar ina da wani abu da zan raira waƙa a cikin waƙoƙina. Ina so in ba da labarin sassa daban-daban na rayuwata kuma in bayyana duk abin da ya faru da ni daga lokacin da na bar Kongo zuwa inda nake a yau".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-03 |title=Baloji on his EP's re-release and reasserting his creative freedom |url=https://trueafrica.co/article/baloji-on-the-re-release-of-his-album-and-keeping-his-creative-freedom/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=TRUE Africa |language=en}}</ref> Kundin, wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gabriel Rios da DJ duo The Glimmers ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci da mahimmanci. An tabbatar da zinariya kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Octaves de la musique guda biyu, lambar yabo ta kiɗa ta Belgium; Prix Rapsat-Lelièvre, lambar yabo ce ta Kanada da aka gabatar wa mai zane daga Belgium mai magana da Faransanci; da Prix Brassens des paroliers . <ref name="crammed">{{Cite web |last=DISCS |first=CRAMMED |title=CRAMMED DISCS: Baloji |url=http://www.crammed.be/index.php?id=34&art_id=185&bio=full&lang=fr |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.crammed.be |language=en}}</ref> Kundin Baloji na biyu, Kinshasa Succursale (2011), ya kasance wani canji a cikin tafiyarsa ta kiɗa, ya haɗa da tasirin kiɗa na Kongo a karon farko. An yi rikodin sama da kwanaki shida a Kinshasa, kundin ya haɗu da rap tare da rhythm na Kongo na abokan aiki waɗanda suka haɗa da Konono No. 1, Zaïko Langa Langa, da La chorale de la Grâce, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quietus |first=The |date=2012-01-30 |title=A Culture In-Between: Baloji Interviewed |url=https://thequietus.com/interviews/baloji-interview-konono-no-1/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Quietus |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''64 Bits da Malachite'' sun biyo baya a cikin 2015 da kuma 137 Avenue ''Kaniama'' a cikin 2018. Haɗakar da Afrobeat, rai da rap, Kaniama wani sharhi ne na waƙoƙi 12 game da yadda wayoyin hannu ke juya mutane zuwa ''Zombies'', jigon gajeren fim dinsa na 2019 Zombies . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Baloji's Debut Short Film 'Kaniama Show' {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/baloji-kaniama-show-short-film-watch/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-08 |title=Baloji Confronts the Cell Phone Zombies on 'Kaniama: The Yellow Version' » PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/baloji-kaniama-yellow-version-2636555496.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.popmatters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === Fim === A shekara ta 2012, Baloji yana da ayyukan fina-finai guda uku a ci gaba, amma bai iya samun kudade a gare su ba.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da kansa gajerun fina-finai huɗu <ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> daga 2018, lokacin da ya kammala gajeren fim din ''Kaniama Show'' . Darakta ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani labari mai ban dariya game da makircin Jiha da ikon kafofin watsa labarai a cikin ƙasar Afirka da ba a san ta ba" fim din ya haɗa da 'yan uwan Kongo Eriq Ebouaney da Eric Kabongo. A shekara mai zuwa ya saki ''Zombies'', abokin gani na minti 15 ga Kaniama: The Yellow Version, wani bita guda ɗaya na kundin sa na 2018 137 Avenue Kaniama . Daga cikin kyaututtuka, fim din ya lashe babban lambar yabo a Oberhausen Short Film Festival da Mafi Kyawun Short na Shekara a MUBI Audience Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2019-03-14 |title=Baloji’s incredible new film confronts zombie culture and shared isolation |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43699/1/baloji-zombie-short-film-watch?fbclid=IwAR2uXElBl54JMk-wo-6_wCuUoyarR-JW_Se1cwEeu1wo_qzNSCcL6McpDM8 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |date=2019-05-17 |title=Guide to the Week of Music: Baloji wins Principal Prize at Oberhausen Short Film Festival |url=https://bandonthewall.org/2019/05/guide-to-the-week-of-music-baloji-wins-principal-prize-at-oberhausen-short-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Band on the Wall |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcoming director, musician and artist, Baloji ✨ |url=https://www.academyfilms.com/blog/academy-welcomes-director-musician-and-artist-baloji |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Academy Films |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Baloji ya tsaya a gaban kyamara don ya fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium <nowiki><i id="mwmQ">Binti</i></nowiki> . Labarin ya magance batun shige da fice kuma ya biyo bayan ''Binti'' (wanda 'yar Baloji ta taka), yarinyar Kongo da ke zaune tare da mahaifinta (Baloji) a Belgium ba tare da takardun shari'a ba. Binti ya sami gabatarwa hudu a 10th Magritte Awards, ciki har da Mafi kyawun Fim na Flemish da Mafi kyawun Actor ga Baloji . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=2020-01-25 |title=Sundance 2020: Belgium’s Binti makes insightful gem of a U.S. premiere in festival’s Kids slate |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2020-belgiums-binti-makes-insightful-gem-of-a-u-s-premiere-in-festivals-kids-slate/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Utah Review |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, fim din Baloji na farko, <nowiki><i id="mwpA">Omen</i></nowiki>, ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes, inda ya lashe kyautar Un Certain Regard New Voice . Ya ci gaba da zama babban nasara na kasa da kasa, yana karɓar gabatarwa da yawa da kuma lashe kyaututtuka waɗanda suka haɗa da Mafi Kyawun Afirka a [[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]]; Kyautar CineRebels a Bikin Finai na Munich; da Mafi Kyawu na Farko a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-10-24 |title=UTA Signs Baloji, Director Of Belgium’s Oscar Pick ‘Omen’ |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/baloji-uta-omen-belgium-1235581520/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta 96 (wanda aka gudanar a 2024). <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="151" href="./Extended_play" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Extended play">EP.com/movies/movie-news/omen-movie-belgium-2024-oscars-international-feature-1235590847/<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;2023-12-08<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;The Hollywood Reporter<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-US<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwAdk\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt60\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFRoxborough2023\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Roxborough, Scott (14 September 2023). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/omen-movie-belgium-2024-oscars-international-feature-1235590847/\" id=\"mwAdo\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Oscars: Belgium Picks 'Omen' as International Feature Submission\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwAds\">The Hollywood Reporter</i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwAdw\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwAd0\">8 December</span></nowiki> 2023<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-17" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Baloji_(rapper)#cite_note-17 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> An saki sauti na fim din a matsayin EP guda biyar tare da MCA Records a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-11-30 |title=Baloji Releases ‘Omen’ Soundtrack; Ellie Kemper To Narrate Katherine Center Audiobook; European Film Awards Craft Honors — Global Briefs |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/baloji-omen-soundtrack-ellie-kemper-katherine-center-audiobook-european-film-awards-craft-honors-global-briefs-1235643910/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Fim din ya fito ne daga Rwanda da Faransa mai suna Eliane Umuhire, fim din ya fara fitowa a [[Kigali]] a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Irakoze |first=Eliane |date=27 June 2024 |title=American horror movie starring Rwanda’s Umuhire to premiere in Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/18000/entertainment/cinema/american-horror-movie-starring-rwandas-umuhire-to-premiere-in-kigali |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Baloji yana zaune a Ghent, Belgium . Yana da 'yar daya.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTimes">Times, The Brussels. [https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker "Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon"]. ''www.brusselstimes.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:Baloji_-_Les_Ardentes_2016_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Baloji yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 2016]] === Albums === ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1998: ''Starflam'' [Discipline Records / Rough Trade] * 2000: ''Live & Direct'' [Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: ''Survivant'' [Capitol/EMI] * 2002: ''Survivant – Édition Spéciale'' (EMI) * 2003: ''Donne moi de l'amour'' [Hostile/EMI] * 2004: ''Donne moi de l'amour – Édition Deluxe'' (EMI) ; Solo * 2008: ''Hotel Impala'' * 2011: ''Kinshasa Succursale'' * 2015: ''64 Bits and Malachite'' * 2018: ''137 Avenue Kaniama'' == Maxis da singles == ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1997: "Corde raide" [12", Discipline Records] * 1998: ''Ce plat pays II'' [12" & CD, Discipline Records] * 2000: ''Bled runner'' [12" & CD, Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: "De cause à effet" / "Ca tape dur" [12", Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''La Sonora'' [12 & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''Amnésie Internationale'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2002: ''Sous pression'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2003: "Marseille – Liège" / "Mr Orange" [12", Hostile / EMI] * 2003: "Ils ne savent pas" [12", Hostile / EMI] ; An nuna shi a cikin * 2015: "La vie est belle / Life is Beautiful" <small> (Ƙaramin baƙar fata. Baloji) </small> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2011 |''Bullhead'' |Patrick | |- |2017 |''How Camels Become Lions'' |Baloji | |- |2019 |''Zombies'' | |Director |- |2019 |''Binti'' |Jovial |Nominated–Magritte Award for Most Promising Actor |- |2023 |''Omen'' | |Director, screenwriter |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c8o6qagcj8gd0ephm37yhafzcijtf74 841228 841226 2026-05-28T08:33:22Z Gwanki 3834 /* Fim */ 841228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baloji''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978), wanda aka fi sani da MC Balo, rapper ne, mawaƙi, kuma darektan fim. Daga asalin Kongo, ya zauna a Belgium tun yana ƙarami. An san shi da MC Balo a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar hip-hop Starflam, ya ci gaba da neman aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin 2008. Fim dinsa na 2023 Omen ya fara ne a Cannes a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard, inda ya lashe kyautar New Voice, kuma ya zama babban nasara na duniya. Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a 96th Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi ''Baloji'' a [[Lubumbashi]], Zaire (yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], ko DRC), a cikin shekara ta 1978. Sunan Baloji kalma ce ta [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] da ke nufin "mutumin kimiyya" a zamanin mulkin mallaka, daga baya masu bisharar Kirista na Belgium suka lalata shi don nufin "mai Gishiri", ko kuma daidai da aljani. Sunan ya kasance abin kunya ne wanda dole ne ya shawo kansa.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> An haife shi ba tare da [[aure]] ba ga mahaifin Belgium da mahaifiyar Kongo, yana da shekaru uku ko hudu lokacin da mahaifinsa, ba tare da ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa ba, ya dauke shi ya zauna a Liège, Belgium. <ref name="vourlias2023" /> Ya rasa hulɗa kuma bai sake haɗuwa da mahaifiyarsa ba har sai ya kai shekara 29.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> Lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru bakwai, mahaifinsa ya koma DRC, yana tafiya a baya da baya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da Baloji ya zauna tare da surukinsa. A shekara ta 14, Baloji ya rasa duk wata hulɗa da mahaifinsa, ya bar gida ya bar makaranta.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Ƙaunar Baloji ga shayari da kalmar da aka rubuta sun fara ne a wannan lokacin, daga ƙarshe ya kai shi cikin hip-hop. Da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan MC Balo, ya shiga ƙungiyar hip-hop H-Posse, daga ƙarshe an sake masa suna Starflam, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 15.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === Starflam, kundi na farko mai taken kansa ya fito ne a shekarar 1998, kuma a shekarar 2001 lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru 23, Survivant ya biyo baya, wanda ya tafi platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiki - Survivant — Starflam |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Starflam/Survivant/+wiki |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> Kundin karshe na Baloji tare da Starflam shine Donne moi de l'amour a shekara ta 2003 kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a shekara mai zuwa. Da yake ya yi takaici bayan ya rabu da Starflam, Baloji ya bar fagen kiɗa na 'yan shekaru kafin ya fara aikinsa na solo a shekara ta 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2008, Baloji ya fitar da kundi na farko, Hotel Impala, cakuda hip-hop, rai, da [[Afrobeat]]. Kundin ya kasance don, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi bayan sake haɗuwa da ita bayan rabuwa ta shekaru 25. Kodayake mahaifiyarsa ta rubuta masa wasiƙu a tsawon shekaru, bai sami ko ɗaya ba har zuwa 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> "Tun daga wannan lokacin, na ji kamar ina da wani abu da zan raira waƙa a cikin waƙoƙina. Ina so in ba da labarin sassa daban-daban na rayuwata kuma in bayyana duk abin da ya faru da ni daga lokacin da na bar Kongo zuwa inda nake a yau".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-03 |title=Baloji on his EP's re-release and reasserting his creative freedom |url=https://trueafrica.co/article/baloji-on-the-re-release-of-his-album-and-keeping-his-creative-freedom/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=TRUE Africa |language=en}}</ref> Kundin, wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gabriel Rios da DJ duo The Glimmers ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci da mahimmanci. An tabbatar da zinariya kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Octaves de la musique guda biyu, lambar yabo ta kiɗa ta Belgium; Prix Rapsat-Lelièvre, lambar yabo ce ta Kanada da aka gabatar wa mai zane daga Belgium mai magana da Faransanci; da Prix Brassens des paroliers . <ref name="crammed">{{Cite web |last=DISCS |first=CRAMMED |title=CRAMMED DISCS: Baloji |url=http://www.crammed.be/index.php?id=34&art_id=185&bio=full&lang=fr |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.crammed.be |language=en}}</ref> Kundin Baloji na biyu, Kinshasa Succursale (2011), ya kasance wani canji a cikin tafiyarsa ta kiɗa, ya haɗa da tasirin kiɗa na Kongo a karon farko. An yi rikodin sama da kwanaki shida a Kinshasa, kundin ya haɗu da rap tare da rhythm na Kongo na abokan aiki waɗanda suka haɗa da Konono No. 1, Zaïko Langa Langa, da La chorale de la Grâce, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quietus |first=The |date=2012-01-30 |title=A Culture In-Between: Baloji Interviewed |url=https://thequietus.com/interviews/baloji-interview-konono-no-1/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Quietus |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''64 Bits da Malachite'' sun biyo baya a cikin 2015 da kuma 137 Avenue ''Kaniama'' a cikin 2018. Haɗakar da Afrobeat, rai da rap, Kaniama wani sharhi ne na waƙoƙi 12 game da yadda wayoyin hannu ke juya mutane zuwa ''Zombies'', jigon gajeren fim dinsa na 2019 Zombies . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Baloji's Debut Short Film 'Kaniama Show' {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/baloji-kaniama-show-short-film-watch/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-08 |title=Baloji Confronts the Cell Phone Zombies on 'Kaniama: The Yellow Version' » PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/baloji-kaniama-yellow-version-2636555496.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.popmatters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === Fim === A shekara ta 2012, Baloji yana da ayyukan fina-finai guda uku a ci gaba, amma bai iya samun kudade a gare su ba.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da kansa gajerun fina-finai huɗu <ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> daga 2018, lokacin da ya kammala gajeren fim din ''Kaniama Show'' . Darakta ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani labari mai ban dariya game da makircin Jiha da ikon kafofin watsa labarai a cikin ƙasar Afirka da ba a san ta ba" fim din ya haɗa da 'yan uwan Kongo Eriq Ebouaney da Eric Kabongo. A shekara mai zuwa ya saki ''Zombies'', abokin gani na minti 15 ga Kaniama: The Yellow Version, wani bita guda ɗaya na kundin sa na 2018 137 Avenue Kaniama . Daga cikin kyaututtuka, fim din ya lashe babban lambar yabo a Oberhausen Short Film Festival da Mafi Kyawun Short na Shekara a MUBI Audience Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2019-03-14 |title=Baloji’s incredible new film confronts zombie culture and shared isolation |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43699/1/baloji-zombie-short-film-watch?fbclid=IwAR2uXElBl54JMk-wo-6_wCuUoyarR-JW_Se1cwEeu1wo_qzNSCcL6McpDM8 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |date=2019-05-17 |title=Guide to the Week of Music: Baloji wins Principal Prize at Oberhausen Short Film Festival |url=https://bandonthewall.org/2019/05/guide-to-the-week-of-music-baloji-wins-principal-prize-at-oberhausen-short-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Band on the Wall |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcoming director, musician and artist, Baloji ✨ |url=https://www.academyfilms.com/blog/academy-welcomes-director-musician-and-artist-baloji |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Academy Films |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Baloji ya tsaya a gaban kyamara don ya fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium <nowiki><i id="mwmQ">Binti</i></nowiki> . Labarin ya magance batun shige da fice kuma ya biyo bayan ''Binti'' (wanda 'yar Baloji ta taka), yarinyar Kongo da ke zaune tare da mahaifinta (Baloji) a Belgium ba tare da takardun shari'a ba. Binti ya sami gabatarwa hudu a 10th Magritte Awards, ciki har da Mafi kyawun Fim na Flemish da Mafi kyawun Actor ga Baloji . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=2020-01-25 |title=Sundance 2020: Belgium’s Binti makes insightful gem of a U.S. premiere in festival’s Kids slate |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2020-belgiums-binti-makes-insightful-gem-of-a-u-s-premiere-in-festivals-kids-slate/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Utah Review |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, fim din Baloji na farko, <nowiki><i id="mwpA">Omen</i></nowiki>, ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes, inda ya lashe kyautar Un Certain Regard New Voice . Ya ci gaba da zama babban nasara na kasa da kasa, yana karɓar gabatarwa da yawa da kuma lashe kyaututtuka waɗanda suka haɗa da Mafi Kyawun Afirka a [[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]]; Kyautar CineRebels a Bikin Finai na Munich; da Mafi Kyawu na Farko a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-10-24 |title=UTA Signs Baloji, Director Of Belgium’s Oscar Pick ‘Omen’ |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/baloji-uta-omen-belgium-1235581520/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta 96 (wanda aka gudanar a 2024). An saki sauti na fim din a matsayin EP guda biyar tare da MCA Records a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-11-30 |title=Baloji Releases ‘Omen’ Soundtrack; Ellie Kemper To Narrate Katherine Center Audiobook; European Film Awards Craft Honors — Global Briefs |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/baloji-omen-soundtrack-ellie-kemper-katherine-center-audiobook-european-film-awards-craft-honors-global-briefs-1235643910/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Fim din ya fito ne daga Rwanda da Faransa mai suna Eliane Umuhire, fim din ya fara fitowa a [[Kigali]] a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Irakoze |first=Eliane |date=27 June 2024 |title=American horror movie starring Rwanda’s Umuhire to premiere in Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/18000/entertainment/cinema/american-horror-movie-starring-rwandas-umuhire-to-premiere-in-kigali |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Baloji yana zaune a Ghent, Belgium . Yana da 'yar daya.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTimes">Times, The Brussels. [https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker "Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon"]. ''www.brusselstimes.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:Baloji_-_Les_Ardentes_2016_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Baloji yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 2016]] === Albums === ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1998: ''Starflam'' [Discipline Records / Rough Trade] * 2000: ''Live & Direct'' [Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: ''Survivant'' [Capitol/EMI] * 2002: ''Survivant – Édition Spéciale'' (EMI) * 2003: ''Donne moi de l'amour'' [Hostile/EMI] * 2004: ''Donne moi de l'amour – Édition Deluxe'' (EMI) ; Solo * 2008: ''Hotel Impala'' * 2011: ''Kinshasa Succursale'' * 2015: ''64 Bits and Malachite'' * 2018: ''137 Avenue Kaniama'' == Maxis da singles == ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1997: "Corde raide" [12", Discipline Records] * 1998: ''Ce plat pays II'' [12" & CD, Discipline Records] * 2000: ''Bled runner'' [12" & CD, Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: "De cause à effet" / "Ca tape dur" [12", Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''La Sonora'' [12 & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''Amnésie Internationale'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2002: ''Sous pression'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2003: "Marseille – Liège" / "Mr Orange" [12", Hostile / EMI] * 2003: "Ils ne savent pas" [12", Hostile / EMI] ; An nuna shi a cikin * 2015: "La vie est belle / Life is Beautiful" <small> (Ƙaramin baƙar fata. Baloji) </small> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2011 |''Bullhead'' |Patrick | |- |2017 |''How Camels Become Lions'' |Baloji | |- |2019 |''Zombies'' | |Director |- |2019 |''Binti'' |Jovial |Nominated–Magritte Award for Most Promising Actor |- |2023 |''Omen'' | |Director, screenwriter |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] clehuimjqi2c97cx4ibfu35es9jcu1f 841230 841228 2026-05-28T08:33:40Z Gwanki 3834 841230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Baloji''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978), wanda aka fi sani da MC Balo, rapper ne, mawaƙi, kuma darektan fim. Daga asalin Kongo, ya zauna a Belgium tun yana ƙarami. An san shi da MC Balo a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar hip-hop Starflam, ya ci gaba da neman aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin 2008. Fim dinsa na 2023 Omen ya fara ne a Cannes a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard, inda ya lashe kyautar New Voice, kuma ya zama babban nasara na duniya. Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a 96th Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi ''Baloji'' a [[Lubumbashi]], Zaire (yanzu [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], ko DRC), a cikin shekara ta 1978. Sunan Baloji kalma ce ta [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] da ke nufin "mutumin kimiyya" a zamanin mulkin mallaka, daga baya masu bisharar Kirista na Belgium suka lalata shi don nufin "mai Gishiri", ko kuma daidai da aljani. Sunan ya kasance abin kunya ne wanda dole ne ya shawo kansa.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> An haife shi ba tare da [[aure]] ba ga mahaifin Belgium da mahaifiyar Kongo, yana da shekaru uku ko hudu lokacin da mahaifinsa, ba tare da ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa ba, ya dauke shi ya zauna a Liège, Belgium. <ref name="vourlias2023" /> Ya rasa hulɗa kuma bai sake haɗuwa da mahaifiyarsa ba har sai ya kai shekara 29.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}</ref> Lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru bakwai, mahaifinsa ya koma DRC, yana tafiya a baya da baya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da Baloji ya zauna tare da surukinsa. A shekara ta 14, Baloji ya rasa duk wata hulɗa da mahaifinsa, ya bar gida ya bar makaranta.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Ƙaunar Baloji ga shayari da kalmar da aka rubuta sun fara ne a wannan lokacin, daga ƙarshe ya kai shi cikin hip-hop. Da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan MC Balo, ya shiga ƙungiyar hip-hop H-Posse, daga ƙarshe an sake masa suna Starflam, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 15.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === Starflam, kundi na farko mai taken kansa ya fito ne a shekarar 1998, kuma a shekarar 2001 lokacin da Baloji ke da shekaru 23, Survivant ya biyo baya, wanda ya tafi platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiki - Survivant — Starflam |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Starflam/Survivant/+wiki |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> Kundin karshe na Baloji tare da Starflam shine Donne moi de l'amour a shekara ta 2003 kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a shekara mai zuwa. Da yake ya yi takaici bayan ya rabu da Starflam, Baloji ya bar fagen kiɗa na 'yan shekaru kafin ya fara aikinsa na solo a shekara ta 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2008, Baloji ya fitar da kundi na farko, Hotel Impala, cakuda hip-hop, rai, da [[Afrobeat]]. Kundin ya kasance don, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi bayan sake haɗuwa da ita bayan rabuwa ta shekaru 25. Kodayake mahaifiyarsa ta rubuta masa wasiƙu a tsawon shekaru, bai sami ko ɗaya ba har zuwa 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www1.rfi.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www1.rfi.fr/musiqueen/articles/098/article_8014.asp "RFI Musique - - Hip Hop - Baloji"]. ''www1.rfi.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> "Tun daga wannan lokacin, na ji kamar ina da wani abu da zan raira waƙa a cikin waƙoƙina. Ina so in ba da labarin sassa daban-daban na rayuwata kuma in bayyana duk abin da ya faru da ni daga lokacin da na bar Kongo zuwa inda nake a yau".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-03 |title=Baloji on his EP's re-release and reasserting his creative freedom |url=https://trueafrica.co/article/baloji-on-the-re-release-of-his-album-and-keeping-his-creative-freedom/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=TRUE Africa |language=en}}</ref> Kundin, wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gabriel Rios da DJ duo The Glimmers ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci da mahimmanci. An tabbatar da zinariya kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da Octaves de la musique guda biyu, lambar yabo ta kiɗa ta Belgium; Prix Rapsat-Lelièvre, lambar yabo ce ta Kanada da aka gabatar wa mai zane daga Belgium mai magana da Faransanci; da Prix Brassens des paroliers . <ref name="crammed">{{Cite web |last=DISCS |first=CRAMMED |title=CRAMMED DISCS: Baloji |url=http://www.crammed.be/index.php?id=34&art_id=185&bio=full&lang=fr |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.crammed.be |language=en}}</ref> Kundin Baloji na biyu, Kinshasa Succursale (2011), ya kasance wani canji a cikin tafiyarsa ta kiɗa, ya haɗa da tasirin kiɗa na Kongo a karon farko. An yi rikodin sama da kwanaki shida a Kinshasa, kundin ya haɗu da rap tare da rhythm na Kongo na abokan aiki waɗanda suka haɗa da Konono No. 1, Zaïko Langa Langa, da La chorale de la Grâce, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quietus |first=The |date=2012-01-30 |title=A Culture In-Between: Baloji Interviewed |url=https://thequietus.com/interviews/baloji-interview-konono-no-1/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Quietus |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''64 Bits da Malachite'' sun biyo baya a cikin 2015 da kuma 137 Avenue ''Kaniama'' a cikin 2018. Haɗakar da Afrobeat, rai da rap, Kaniama wani sharhi ne na waƙoƙi 12 game da yadda wayoyin hannu ke juya mutane zuwa ''Zombies'', jigon gajeren fim dinsa na 2019 Zombies . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Baloji's Debut Short Film 'Kaniama Show' {{!}} OkayAfrica |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/baloji-kaniama-show-short-film-watch/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-08 |title=Baloji Confronts the Cell Phone Zombies on 'Kaniama: The Yellow Version' » PopMatters |url=https://www.popmatters.com/baloji-kaniama-yellow-version-2636555496.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.popmatters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === Fim === A shekara ta 2012, Baloji yana da ayyukan fina-finai guda uku a ci gaba, amma bai iya samun kudade a gare su ba.<ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ya ba da kansa gajerun fina-finai huɗu <ref name="vourlias2023">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=2023-05-26 |title=Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good ‘Omen’ With Cannes Debut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2023">Vourlias, Christopher (26 May 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/film/global/cannes-baloji-omen-un-certain-regard-1235612556/ "Congolese Belgian Rapper-Turned-Filmmaker Baloji Looks for Good 'Omen' With Cannes Debut"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> daga 2018, lokacin da ya kammala gajeren fim din ''Kaniama Show'' . Darakta ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani labari mai ban dariya game da makircin Jiha da ikon kafofin watsa labarai a cikin ƙasar Afirka da ba a san ta ba" fim din ya haɗa da 'yan uwan Kongo Eriq Ebouaney da Eric Kabongo. A shekara mai zuwa ya saki ''Zombies'', abokin gani na minti 15 ga Kaniama: The Yellow Version, wani bita guda ɗaya na kundin sa na 2018 137 Avenue Kaniama . Daga cikin kyaututtuka, fim din ya lashe babban lambar yabo a Oberhausen Short Film Festival da Mafi Kyawun Short na Shekara a MUBI Audience Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2019-03-14 |title=Baloji’s incredible new film confronts zombie culture and shared isolation |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43699/1/baloji-zombie-short-film-watch?fbclid=IwAR2uXElBl54JMk-wo-6_wCuUoyarR-JW_Se1cwEeu1wo_qzNSCcL6McpDM8 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |date=2019-05-17 |title=Guide to the Week of Music: Baloji wins Principal Prize at Oberhausen Short Film Festival |url=https://bandonthewall.org/2019/05/guide-to-the-week-of-music-baloji-wins-principal-prize-at-oberhausen-short-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Band on the Wall |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcoming director, musician and artist, Baloji ✨ |url=https://www.academyfilms.com/blog/academy-welcomes-director-musician-and-artist-baloji |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Academy Films |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Baloji ya tsaya a gaban kyamara don ya fito a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Belgium <nowiki><i id="mwmQ">Binti</i></nowiki> . Labarin ya magance batun shige da fice kuma ya biyo bayan ''Binti'' (wanda 'yar Baloji ta taka), yarinyar Kongo da ke zaune tare da mahaifinta (Baloji) a Belgium ba tare da takardun shari'a ba. Binti ya sami gabatarwa hudu a 10th Magritte Awards, ciki har da Mafi kyawun Fim na Flemish da Mafi kyawun Actor ga Baloji . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roka |first=Les |date=2020-01-25 |title=Sundance 2020: Belgium’s Binti makes insightful gem of a U.S. premiere in festival’s Kids slate |url=https://www.theutahreview.com/sundance-2020-belgiums-binti-makes-insightful-gem-of-a-u-s-premiere-in-festivals-kids-slate/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=The Utah Review |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, fim din Baloji na farko, <nowiki><i id="mwpA">Omen</i></nowiki>, ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Cannes, inda ya lashe kyautar Un Certain Regard New Voice . Ya ci gaba da zama babban nasara na kasa da kasa, yana karɓar gabatarwa da yawa da kuma lashe kyaututtuka waɗanda suka haɗa da Mafi Kyawun Afirka a [[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]]; Kyautar CineRebels a Bikin Finai na Munich; da Mafi Kyawu na Farko a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-10-24 |title=UTA Signs Baloji, Director Of Belgium’s Oscar Pick ‘Omen’ |url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/baloji-uta-omen-belgium-1235581520/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne shigarwar Belgium don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a lambar yabo ta Kwalejin ta 96 (wanda aka gudanar a 2024). An saki sauti na fim din a matsayin EP guda biyar tare da MCA Records a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=2023-11-30 |title=Baloji Releases ‘Omen’ Soundtrack; Ellie Kemper To Narrate Katherine Center Audiobook; European Film Awards Craft Honors — Global Briefs |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/baloji-omen-soundtrack-ellie-kemper-katherine-center-audiobook-european-film-awards-craft-honors-global-briefs-1235643910/ |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Fim din ya fito ne daga Rwanda da Faransa mai suna Eliane Umuhire, fim din ya fara fitowa a [[Kigali]] a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Irakoze |first=Eliane |date=27 June 2024 |title=American horror movie starring Rwanda’s Umuhire to premiere in Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/18000/entertainment/cinema/american-horror-movie-starring-rwandas-umuhire-to-premiere-in-kigali |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Baloji yana zaune a Ghent, Belgium . Yana da 'yar daya.<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTimes">Times, The Brussels. [https://www.brusselstimes.com/806771/one-of-belgiums-most-successful-musicians-baloji-is-now-a-celebrated-moviemaker "Baloji blazes a trail as rapper, filmmaker and fashion icon"]. ''www.brusselstimes.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == [[Fayil:Baloji_-_Les_Ardentes_2016_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Baloji yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin 2016]] === Albums === ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1998: ''Starflam'' [Discipline Records / Rough Trade] * 2000: ''Live & Direct'' [Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: ''Survivant'' [Capitol/EMI] * 2002: ''Survivant – Édition Spéciale'' (EMI) * 2003: ''Donne moi de l'amour'' [Hostile/EMI] * 2004: ''Donne moi de l'amour – Édition Deluxe'' (EMI) ; Solo * 2008: ''Hotel Impala'' * 2011: ''Kinshasa Succursale'' * 2015: ''64 Bits and Malachite'' * 2018: ''137 Avenue Kaniama'' == Maxis da singles == ; A matsayin wani ɓangare na Starflam * 1997: "Corde raide" [12", Discipline Records] * 1998: ''Ce plat pays II'' [12" & CD, Discipline Records] * 2000: ''Bled runner'' [12" & CD, Warner Music Benelux] * 2001: "De cause à effet" / "Ca tape dur" [12", Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''La Sonora'' [12 & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2001: ''Amnésie Internationale'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2002: ''Sous pression'' [12" & CD, Capitol / EMI] * 2003: "Marseille – Liège" / "Mr Orange" [12", Hostile / EMI] * 2003: "Ils ne savent pas" [12", Hostile / EMI] ; An nuna shi a cikin * 2015: "La vie est belle / Life is Beautiful" <small> (Ƙaramin baƙar fata. Baloji) </small> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2011 |''Bullhead'' |Patrick | |- |2017 |''How Camels Become Lions'' |Baloji | |- |2019 |''Zombies'' | |Director |- |2019 |''Binti'' |Jovial |Nominated–Magritte Award for Most Promising Actor |- |2023 |''Omen'' | |Director, screenwriter |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b5v8rt6ky9pizt25h56lau24aiomxw9 0 152627 841227 2026-05-28T08:33:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319743744|List of rivers of Senegal]]" 841227 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan '''jerin koguna ne a [[Senegal]]''' . An tsara wannan jerin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tare da magudanar ruwa da aka yi musu lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowace babbar rafi. == Tekun Atlantika == * [[Kogin Senegal]] ** [[Kogin Falémé]] ** [[Vallée du Ferlo|Kwarin Ferlo]] *** [[Tiângol Lougguéré]] *** [[Vallée de Mboune|Kwarin Mboune]] ** Rassan: Kogin Doué Dioulol *** Kogin Doué *** Dioulol * Kogin Saloum ** [[Kogin Sine]] ** Kogin Diombos * [[Kogin Gambiya]] ** [[Sandougou River|Kogin Sandougou]] ** [[Kogin Koulountou]] ** [[Niéri Ko]] *** [[Mayél Samou]] ** [[Niokolo Koba]] * Kogin Geba (Kogin Kayanga) * [[Kogin Casamance]] ** [[Cool River|Kogin Cool]] == Manazarta == 9ijikyufb5uj1l9q7c9crs7d51fqv5f 841229 841227 2026-05-28T08:33:27Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan '''jerin koguna ne a [[Senegal]]''' . An tsara wannan jerin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tare da magudanar ruwa da aka yi musu lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowace babbar rafi. == Tekun Atlantika == * [[Kogin Senegal]] ** [[Kogin Falémé]] ** [[Vallée du Ferlo|Kwarin Ferlo]] *** [[Tiângol Lougguéré]] *** [[Vallée de Mboune|Kwarin Mboune]] ** Rassan: Kogin Doué Dioulol *** Kogin Doué *** Dioulol * Kogin Saloum ** [[Kogin Sine]] ** Kogin Diombos * [[Kogin Gambiya]] ** [[Sandougou River|Kogin Sandougou]] ** [[Kogin Koulountou]] ** [[Niéri Ko]] *** [[Mayél Samou]] ** [[Niokolo Koba]] * Kogin Geba (Kogin Kayanga) * [[Kogin Casamance]] ** [[Cool River|Kogin Cool]] == Manazarta == hrttjp51wqlrgkkidy6zx5kaofg9u8q 0 152628 841231 2026-05-28T08:34:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1285533433|Dioulol]]" 841231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dioulol''' reshe ne na kudu maso yammacin [[Kogin Senegal]] a yankin Matam na [[Senegal]] . == Yanayin ƙasa == Dioulol ya rarrabu daga babban rafi tsakanin ƙauyen Balél da garin [[Waoundé]] maƙwabta. Saboda haka, ana iya samun sunan Tchangol Balél ta hanyoyi daban-daban don wannan magudanar ruwa, amma shaidar hukuma ce kawai aka samu game da sunan Dioulol. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PEPAM, avril 2009: Eaux de surfaces permanentes et saisonnières CR Orkadiéré |url=http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/PLHA/PLHA%20ORKADIERE%20DOC.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203729/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/PLHA/PLHA%20ORKADIERE%20DOC.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-14 |access-date=2020-10-26}}, Dioulol auf Seite 14 und 15 der PDF-Datei 5,89 MB</ref> 55.5 kilomita ci gaba da arewa maso yamma, jim kadan kafin yankin da kuma sashen Matam, manyan koguna da na biyu sun sake haɗuwa. Kogin Dioulol, da farko a kusa da mita 20 a fadin, yana kewayawa ta hanyar fili mai faɗin kilomita biyar zuwa 15 kuma, dangane da lokacin, yana ciyar da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta rassan rikice-rikice, wuraren da ba za a iya wucewa ba da ruwa mai tsayawa. Ruwan ruwa na Dioulol, wanda ke gudana ne kawai a lokacin da kuma bayan lokacin ruwan sama, sau da yawa yana ɓacewa a rabi kafin ya iya isa garin Kanel. Sunan ma ya ɓace. Koyaya, akwai ci gaba da tsarin gadajen ruwa, wanda kuma yana da ruwa mai yawa daga Kanel, har ma da faɗaɗa tsakanin zuwa tafkin, Vèndou Kanel, sannan kuma dawo da duk ruwa zuwa babban rafi jim kadan sama da Matam. Yawan kwararar daga babban rafi zuwa Dioulol ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar rami mai faɗin mita 60 jim kadan bayan reshe. Har ila yau, akwai gadar hanya mai tsawon mita 110 don hanyar yanki R 42, wanda, farawa daga hanyar ƙasa N2 kusa da [[Semmé]], ya bi bakin babban kogi ta hanyar garin Waoundé zuwa Matam. Garin [[Hamady Ounaré]] yana kan iyakar yankin Dioulol . == Manazarta == s8079exr743gigg4kf7sphgakt4vquy 841232 841231 2026-05-28T08:34:47Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dioulol''' reshe ne na kudu maso yammacin [[Kogin Senegal]] a yankin Matam na [[Senegal]] . == Yanayin ƙasa == Dioulol ya rarrabu daga babban rafi tsakanin ƙauyen Balél da garin [[Waoundé]] maƙwabta. Saboda haka, ana iya samun sunan Tchangol Balél ta hanyoyi daban-daban don wannan magudanar ruwa, amma shaidar hukuma ce kawai aka samu game da sunan Dioulol. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PEPAM, avril 2009: Eaux de surfaces permanentes et saisonnières CR Orkadiéré |url=http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/PLHA/PLHA%20ORKADIERE%20DOC.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203729/http://www.pepam.gouv.sn/PLHA/PLHA%20ORKADIERE%20DOC.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-14 |access-date=2020-10-26}}, Dioulol auf Seite 14 und 15 der PDF-Datei 5,89 MB</ref> 55.5 kilomita ci gaba da arewa maso yamma, jim kadan kafin yankin da kuma sashen Matam, manyan koguna da na biyu sun sake haɗuwa. Kogin Dioulol, da farko a kusa da mita 20 a fadin, yana kewayawa ta hanyar fili mai faɗin kilomita biyar zuwa 15 kuma, dangane da lokacin, yana ciyar da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta rassan rikice-rikice, wuraren da ba za a iya wucewa ba da ruwa mai tsayawa. Ruwan ruwa na Dioulol, wanda ke gudana ne kawai a lokacin da kuma bayan lokacin ruwan sama, sau da yawa yana ɓacewa a rabi kafin ya iya isa garin Kanel. Sunan ma ya ɓace. Koyaya, akwai ci gaba da tsarin gadajen ruwa, wanda kuma yana da ruwa mai yawa daga Kanel, har ma da faɗaɗa tsakanin zuwa tafkin, Vèndou Kanel, sannan kuma dawo da duk ruwa zuwa babban rafi jim kadan sama da Matam. Yawan kwararar daga babban rafi zuwa Dioulol ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar rami mai faɗin mita 60 jim kadan bayan reshe. Har ila yau, akwai gadar hanya mai tsawon mita 110 don hanyar yanki R 42, wanda, farawa daga hanyar ƙasa N2 kusa da [[Semmé]], ya bi bakin babban kogi ta hanyar garin Waoundé zuwa Matam. Garin [[Hamady Ounaré]] yana kan iyakar yankin Dioulol . == Manazarta == pw8evrj69samxgfyw98htceqo9hss3v 0 152629 841234 2026-05-28T08:36:23Z AKA024 30597 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354950421|Morocco Maduka]]" 841234 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <nowiki>'''Chief Dr. Chukwuemeka Morocco Maduka''' (1944–2020) fitaccen mawaƙin Highlife ne daga ƙabilar Igbo a Najeriya, wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa na '''</nowiki>[[Egwu Ekpili]]<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. Wannan salo ne ya sa aka ba shi laƙabin "Eze Egwu Ekpili" ma’ana Sarkin Kiɗan Ekpili. An haife shi ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1944 a garin [[Ukwulu]] da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]], wanda shi ne garin kakanninsa kuma mahaifarsa ta asali. == Ayyuka == Ya fara harkar waƙa tun yana da shekara 12. Sai dai mahaifinsa da farko bai amince da sha’awarsa ta kiɗa ba, saboda tsoron kada hakan ya jefa shi cikin rayuwar rashin tarbiyya. Mahaifinsa ya fi son ya bi hanyar ilimi ta gargajiya, yana fata ya zama likita ko lauya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2020-05-16 |title=60 years on stage: Mixed bag of puzzle, fairy tale for Morocco Maduka |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/60-years-on-stage-mixed-bag-of-puzzle-fairy-tale-for-morocco-maduka/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin sana’arsa da ta shafe sama da shekaru sittin, Chief Emeka Morocco Maduka ya fitar da kundin waƙarsa na farko mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>“Aya Nigeria”<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Yaƙin Najeriya) a shekarar 1971. Daga baya ya ci gaba da samar da kundin waƙoƙi har guda 120 a tsawon rayuwarsa ta kiɗa. Har zuwa lokacin rasuwarsa yana ci gaba da harkar waƙa, inda yake shirye-shiryen fitar da sabon kundi tare da gudanar da wani babban bikin cika shekaru 60 da fara hawa mumbari domin rera waƙa a shekarar 2020.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJEzVhGi_yA|title=MUSIC SAVED ME FROM BEING FORCED INTO THE BIAFRAN ARMY ... CHIEF MOROCCO MADUKA|date=2016-09-19|last=UGWUMBA TV|access-date=2024-12-02|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Afripol |date=2022-06-09 |title=How Nigeria’s Igbo highlife music provided hope after a devastating civil war |url=https://globalvoices.org/2022/06/09/how-nigerias-igbo-highlife-music-provided-hope-after-a-devastating-civil-war/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar kai == Morocco ya auri matarsa Bridget Ifeonugekwu Maduka, kuma sun haifi ’ya’ya takwas, waɗanda suka haɗa da maza huɗu da mata huɗu. === Mutuwa === Ya rasu ranar 29 ga Oktoban shekarar 2020 yana da shekaru 76. Tsohon gwamnan Jihar Anambra, Peter Obi, tare da mambobin ƙungiyar Performing Musicians Association of Nigeria (PMAN) daga rassa daban-daban da sauran manyan mutane ne suka halarci jana’izarsa domin girmama shi da yi masa bankwana na ƙarshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egwu Ekpiri Legend Emeka Morocco Maduka Laid To Rest At Ukwulu Dunukofia Council Area |url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/04/09/egwu-ekpiri-legend-emeka-morocco-maduka-laid-to-rest-at-ukwulu-dunukofia-council-area/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Heartbeat Of The East |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] j593u1ehoo7ayubhwic6azmk8maxp6c 0 152630 841235 2026-05-28T08:37:11Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322434564|Diombos River]]" 841235 wikitext text/x-wiki Kogin '''Diombos''' kogi ne da ke ƙasar [[Senegal]] ta Yammacin Afirka. Kogin Saloum ne mai gefen hagu, wanda ke ratsa kudu, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . == Yanayin ƙasa == Diombos ya rarrabu daga babban kogin da ke tsakanin garuruwan Kaolack da Foundiougne, kusa da ƙauyukan Gagué Bokar da Guagué Modi, kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu. Kimanin kilomita 56 gaba da kudu maso yamma, yana kwarara zuwa cikin teku mai buɗewa a kudu da Île de Guior da Tsibirin Sangomar a bakin kogin Banc Rouge. Idan aka yi la'akari da hanyar da ta fara bi ta baya, tsawonta ya kai kimanin kilomita 78. Yayin da Kogin Diombos ya rabu daga babban magudanar ruwa mai fadin kimanin mita 110, ya yi ƙasa zuwa kimanin mita 60 kafin haɗakar gadar madatsar ruwa da babbar hanyar ƙasa ta N9 (ainihin hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin hanyar tana da faɗin mita 10 kacal). Bugu da ƙari, ƙarƙashin tasirin kwararar ruwa, yana samar da magudanar ruwa mai siffar magudanar ruwa kuma faɗinta ya kai mita 600 zuwa 2000 don tsawon lokaci; magudanar ruwa da ke bakin teku tana faɗaɗa zuwa mita 8,000. Tsakanin Saloum da Diombos, ana iya samun wasu tsibiran da ke da gefunan mangrove, wato tsibiran Îles du Gandoul da kuma babban tsibirin, wanda aka sani da sunaye daban-daban kamar Île du Loog, Île de Foundiougne, ko Île de Soum, wanda shine babban birnin sashen Foundiougne . == Manazarta == 87zrmvjt6yzum3qh5pi30rlwc1td2ku 841236 841235 2026-05-28T08:37:30Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kogin '''Diombos''' kogi ne da ke ƙasar [[Senegal]] ta Yammacin Afirka. Kogin Saloum ne mai gefen hagu, wanda ke ratsa kudu, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . == Yanayin ƙasa == Diombos ya rarrabu daga babban kogin da ke tsakanin garuruwan Kaolack da Foundiougne, kusa da ƙauyukan Gagué Bokar da Guagué Modi, kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu. Kimanin kilomita 56 gaba da kudu maso yamma, yana kwarara zuwa cikin teku mai buɗewa a kudu da Île de Guior da Tsibirin Sangomar a bakin kogin Banc Rouge. Idan aka yi la'akari da hanyar da ta fara bi ta baya, tsawonta ya kai kimanin kilomita 78. Yayin da Kogin Diombos ya rabu daga babban magudanar ruwa mai fadin kimanin mita 110, ya yi ƙasa zuwa kimanin mita 60 kafin haɗakar gadar madatsar ruwa da babbar hanyar ƙasa ta N9 (ainihin hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin hanyar tana da faɗin mita 10 kacal). Bugu da ƙari, ƙarƙashin tasirin kwararar ruwa, yana samar da magudanar ruwa mai siffar magudanar ruwa kuma faɗinta ya kai mita 600 zuwa 2000 don tsawon lokaci; magudanar ruwa da ke bakin teku tana faɗaɗa zuwa mita 8,000. Tsakanin Saloum da Diombos, ana iya samun wasu tsibiran da ke da gefunan mangrove, wato tsibiran Îles du Gandoul da kuma babban tsibirin, wanda aka sani da sunaye daban-daban kamar Île du Loog, Île de Foundiougne, ko Île de Soum, wanda shine babban birnin sashen Foundiougne . == Manazarta == bdjoysdib835j6mdxs6rtfgbjrq9g1v 0 152631 841237 2026-05-28T08:38:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343241827|Mogador Island]]" 841237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogador Island''' ( Arabic ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight ) ita ce babban tsibirin Iles Purpuraires kusa da Essaouira a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Tana da tsawon {{Convert|3|km|mi|0}} da faɗin {{Convert|1.5|km|mi|0}}, kuma tana da nisan {{Convert|1.5|km|mi|0}} daga Essaouira. == Tarihi == Hanno, mai tuƙi [[Tsohon Carthage|na Carthaginian]], ya ziyarci kuma ya kafa wurin ciniki a yankin a ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), kuma an gano kayan tarihi [[Phoenicia|na Phoenicians]] a tsibirin. [[Fayil:Map_of_Mogador_by_Theodore_Cornut_1767.jpg|left|thumb|Taswirar tsibirin Mogador (sama hagu) a cikin Essaouira bay, ta Theodore Cornut, 1767.]] A ƙarshen ƙarni na 1 BC ko farkon ƙarni na 2 AD, Juba II ya kafa masana'antar Tyrian purple, yana sarrafa ƙwanƙolin murex da purpura da aka samo a cikin duwatsu a Essaouira da Isles Purpuraires. Wannan [[Rini|dye]] ya canza launi mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin tufafin Sanata na Roman. Yan kasuwa na Romawa sun zauna a tsibirin a ƙarƙashin [[Augustus]] suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ƙauye: gidan Romawa tare da tushe, da kuma kayan tarihi da tsabar kudi, an kuma sami su a tsibirin. Mogador da tsibirin Purpuraires da ke kusa da su an ɗaure su <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNA ETAPA EN LA RUTA MOGADOR-CANARIAS: CERÁMICA ROMANA EN LANZAROTE Y SU RELACIÓN CON HALLAZGOS SUBMARINOS (in Spanish) |url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/spal/6/art_13.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604020534/http://institucional.us.es/revistas/spal/6/art_13.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-04 |access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> zuwa Mauretania Tingitana ta jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a ƙarni na farko da na biyu na Daular Romawa. Wasu masana tarihi suna tunanin cewa daga tsibirin Mogador 'yan kasuwa na Romawa sun isa [[Yanayin ƙasa na Cape Verde|Tsibirin Cape Verde]] kuma mai yiwuwa sun tafi kudu har zuwa Gulf of Guinea. Lalle ne, a cewar Roman Pliny the Elder, wani balaguron Mauretanians da Juba II ya aiko zuwa [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|Tsibirin Canary]] ya ziyarci tsibirin Cape Verde: lokacin da Sarki Juba II ta aika da dakarun don sake buɗe wurin samar da dye a Mogador (sunan tarihi na Essaouira, Morocco) a farkon karni na 1 AD, an tura sojojin ruwa na Juba zuwa binciken tsibirin Canario, Madeira kuma mai yiwuwa tsibirin Cape Green, ta amfani da Mogador a matsayin tushen aikinsu. Bayan faduwar daular Roma cinikayya daga tsibirin Mogador kusan ya ɓace kuma tsibirin ya rasa mafi yawan muhimmancinsa a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya. A cikin 1844, Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa sun kewaye tsibirin, kuma ya fada hannun Faransanci a cikin mummunar fashewar bom na Faransa na Mogador . A shekara ta 1866, Sultan Mohammed IV na Maroko ya amince, kuma ya ba da ''Dahir'' a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, don amfani da tsibirin a matsayin Lazaretto, ga ma[[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] waɗanda ke dawowa daga Hajj kuma suna iya ɗaukar kowane adadin cututtukan da suka yadu a duniya a wannan lokacin. Yanzu an sanya shi a matsayin ajiyar yanayi, kuma ba za a iya ziyarta ba tare da izinin hukuma ba. An sanya tsibirin a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun shekara ta 2005. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Binciken da aka yi game da falcons a tsibirin a cikin 2014 ya sami shaidar Falkon na Eleonora (''Falco eleonorae'') yana gurguntawa da ɗaure ganima mai rai don amfani daga baya. Abdeljebbar Qninba na Jami'ar Mohammed V, [[Rabat]], da abokan aiki, sun sami kananan tsuntsaye da suka ɓace da fuka-fukan wutsiya da aka kama, ko ɓoye a cikin ƙananan ramuka ko ramuka. An yi tunanin ko dai falcons sun cire gashin tsuntsaye don kiyaye tsuntsaye a matsayin tushen abinci don daga baya, ko kuma a madadin haka, ganima suna tserewa daga falcons ta hanyar neman mafaka a cikin ramukan da ke kusa.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=9 January 2016 |title=Falcons imprison birds to eat later |journal=New Scientist |volume=229 |issue=3055 |page=17}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1ukflevsk9c49vyy4g89ipivlyg19n6 841238 841237 2026-05-28T08:39:12Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mogador Island''' ( Arabic ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight ) ita ce babban tsibirin Iles Purpuraires kusa da Essaouira a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Tana da tsawon {{Convert|3|km|mi|0}} da faɗin {{Convert|1.5|km|mi|0}}, kuma tana da nisan {{Convert|1.5|km|mi|0}} daga Essaouira. == Tarihi == Hanno, mai tuƙi [[Tsohon Carthage|na Carthaginian]], ya ziyarci kuma ya kafa wurin ciniki a yankin a ƙarni na 5 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), kuma an gano kayan tarihi [[Phoenicia|na Phoenicians]] a tsibirin. [[Fayil:Map_of_Mogador_by_Theodore_Cornut_1767.jpg|left|thumb|Taswirar tsibirin Mogador (sama hagu) a cikin Essaouira bay, ta Theodore Cornut, 1767.]] A ƙarshen ƙarni na 1 BC ko farkon ƙarni na 2 AD, Juba II ya kafa masana'antar Tyrian purple, yana sarrafa ƙwanƙolin murex da purpura da aka samo a cikin duwatsu a Essaouira da Isles Purpuraires. Wannan [[Rini|dye]] ya canza launi mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin tufafin Sanata na Roman. Yan kasuwa na Romawa sun zauna a tsibirin a ƙarƙashin [[Augustus]] suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ƙauye: gidan Romawa tare da tushe, da kuma kayan tarihi da tsabar kudi, an kuma sami su a tsibirin. Mogador da tsibirin Purpuraires da ke kusa da su an ɗaure su <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNA ETAPA EN LA RUTA MOGADOR-CANARIAS: CERÁMICA ROMANA EN LANZAROTE Y SU RELACIÓN CON HALLAZGOS SUBMARINOS (in Spanish) |url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/spal/6/art_13.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604020534/http://institucional.us.es/revistas/spal/6/art_13.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-04 |access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> zuwa Mauretania Tingitana ta jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a ƙarni na farko da na biyu na Daular Romawa. Wasu masana tarihi suna tunanin cewa daga tsibirin Mogador 'yan kasuwa na Romawa sun isa [[Yanayin ƙasa na Cape Verde|Tsibirin Cape Verde]] kuma mai yiwuwa sun tafi kudu har zuwa Gulf of Guinea. Lalle ne, a cewar Roman Pliny the Elder, wani balaguron Mauretanians da Juba II ya aiko zuwa [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|Tsibirin Canary]] ya ziyarci tsibirin Cape Verde: lokacin da Sarki Juba II ta aika da dakarun don sake buɗe wurin samar da dye a Mogador (sunan tarihi na Essaouira, Morocco) a farkon karni na 1 AD, an tura sojojin ruwa na Juba zuwa binciken tsibirin Canario, Madeira kuma mai yiwuwa tsibirin Cape Green, ta amfani da Mogador a matsayin tushen aikinsu. Bayan faduwar daular Roma cinikayya daga tsibirin Mogador kusan ya ɓace kuma tsibirin ya rasa mafi yawan muhimmancinsa a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya. A cikin 1844, Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa sun kewaye tsibirin, kuma ya fada hannun Faransanci a cikin mummunar fashewar bom na Faransa na Mogador . A shekara ta 1866, Sultan Mohammed IV na Maroko ya amince, kuma ya ba da ''Dahir'' a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, don amfani da tsibirin a matsayin Lazaretto, ga ma[[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] waɗanda ke dawowa daga Hajj kuma suna iya ɗaukar kowane adadin cututtukan da suka yadu a duniya a wannan lokacin. Yanzu an sanya shi a matsayin ajiyar yanayi, kuma ba za a iya ziyarta ba tare da izinin hukuma ba. An sanya tsibirin a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun shekara ta 2005. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Binciken da aka yi game da falcons a tsibirin a cikin 2014 ya sami shaidar Falkon na Eleonora (''Falco eleonorae'') yana gurguntawa da ɗaure ganima mai rai don amfani daga baya. Abdeljebbar Qninba na Jami'ar Mohammed V, [[Rabat]], da abokan aiki, sun sami kananan tsuntsaye da suka ɓace da fuka-fukan wutsiya da aka kama, ko ɓoye a cikin ƙananan ramuka ko ramuka. An yi tunanin ko dai falcons sun cire gashin tsuntsaye don kiyaye tsuntsaye a matsayin tushen abinci don daga baya, ko kuma a madadin haka, ganima suna tserewa daga falcons ta hanyar neman mafaka a cikin ramukan da ke kusa.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=9 January 2016 |title=Falcons imprison birds to eat later |journal=New Scientist |volume=229 |issue=3055 |page=17}}</ref> == Manazarta == qh33uix12k5nlygnp0owglluit6a3in 0 152632 841240 2026-05-28T08:40:31Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354100279|Merja Zerga]]" 841240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merja Zerga''' ko '''Lagune de Moulay Bou Selham''' wani tafki ne mai ruwa a bakin tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] na [[Moroko|Morocco]], kilomita 70 a arewacin birnin Kenitra . An rarraba shi a matsayin Wurin Ajiye Halittu na Dindindin a shekarar 1978, hukumomin gwamnati da dama ne ke kula da shi. <ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Birdlife International]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Merja_Zerga.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Bayani mai kyau na Merja Zerga, wanda aka ɗauka daga garin Moulay Bousselham]] == Muhalli == Laguna, wanda ya rufe hekta 4,500, yana karɓar ruwa daga [[Oued Drader]] da kuma daga teburin ruwa na gida. Matsakaicin zurfinsa shine mita 1.5. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin (600-700 mm) yana haifar da ambaliyar hunturu da ke mamaye yankunan da ke kewaye. Shafin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, tafkin yana da nau'in tsuntsaye 100 kuma an gano shi a matsayin babban shafin a Gabashin Atlantic Flyway . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on the Exchange Programme Planning Workshop |url=http://wow.wetlands.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=tI%2FYqG2efFw%3D&tabid=153&mid=801&language=fr-FR |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Wetlands International]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International, saboda yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa masu hunturu.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Merja Zerga |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/merja-zerga-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Tsakanin ducks 15,000 da 30,000 suna cikin hunturu a tafkin, kuma a kai a kai yana riƙe da waders 50,000 zuwa 100,000. Mazaunanta na dindindin sun hada da marsh owls. Baƙi na hunturu sun haɗa da ruddy shelduck, shelduck na yau da kullun, gadwall, Eurasian wigeon, shoveler na arewa, teal mai marmara, mafi girma flamingo, coot na yau da kullum, pied avocet, grey plover, da kuma curlew mai laushi.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Birdlife International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 "BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga"]. </cite></ref> == Manazarts == lxsmzw7dsvnfhqwqt7yba9wmkl64wug 841241 841240 2026-05-28T08:40:53Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Merja Zerga''' ko '''Lagune de Moulay Bou Selham''' wani tafki ne mai ruwa a bakin tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] na [[Moroko|Morocco]], kilomita 70 a arewacin birnin Kenitra . An rarraba shi a matsayin Wurin Ajiye Halittu na Dindindin a shekarar 1978, hukumomin gwamnati da dama ne ke kula da shi. <ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Birdlife International]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Merja_Zerga.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Bayani mai kyau na Merja Zerga, wanda aka ɗauka daga garin Moulay Bousselham]] == Muhalli == Laguna, wanda ya rufe hekta 4,500, yana karɓar ruwa daga [[Oued Drader]] da kuma daga teburin ruwa na gida. Matsakaicin zurfinsa shine mita 1.5. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin (600-700 mm) yana haifar da ambaliyar hunturu da ke mamaye yankunan da ke kewaye. Shafin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, tafkin yana da nau'in tsuntsaye 100 kuma an gano shi a matsayin babban shafin a Gabashin Atlantic Flyway . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report on the Exchange Programme Planning Workshop |url=http://wow.wetlands.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=tI%2FYqG2efFw%3D&tabid=153&mid=801&language=fr-FR |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Wetlands International]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International, saboda yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa masu hunturu.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Merja Zerga |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/merja-zerga-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Tsakanin ducks 15,000 da 30,000 suna cikin hunturu a tafkin, kuma a kai a kai yana riƙe da waders 50,000 zuwa 100,000. Mazaunanta na dindindin sun hada da marsh owls. Baƙi na hunturu sun haɗa da ruddy shelduck, shelduck na yau da kullun, gadwall, Eurasian wigeon, shoveler na arewa, teal mai marmara, mafi girma flamingo, coot na yau da kullum, pied avocet, grey plover, da kuma curlew mai laushi.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 |access-date=2009-01-11 |publisher=[[Birdlife International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6487&m=0 "BirdLife IBA Factsheet - Merja Zerga"]. </cite></ref> == Manazarta == ma489s07q5z2pmfdueqvem47x2eb7nu 0 152633 841242 2026-05-28T08:42:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339949736|Khenifiss National Park]]" 841242 wikitext text/x-wiki An fara kirkirar wurin shakatawa a matsayin ajiyar halitta a shekarar 1960. A cikin 1980 an rarraba shi a matsayin wuri mai laushi na muhimmancin duniya. A shekara ta 1983, an canza wurin ajiyar halitta zuwa wurin ajiyar halittu na dindindin. An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1998 a cikin rukunin "na halitta". <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2006, an kirkiro wurin shakatawa na kasa. == Yanayin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa, tare da yanki na km2 mi2), yana kan iyakar [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], arewacin iyakar da [[Sahara]]" id="mwOg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Sahara">Yammacin Sahara, tsaka garuruwan Tan-Tan zuwa arewa da Tarfaya zuwa kudu. Hanyar Kasa ta 1, wacce ke gudana a bakin tekun Atlantika na Maroko, ta ratsa wurin shakatawa. Yankin bakin teku ya ƙunshi tafkin Khenfiss, mafi girman tafkin a bakin tekun Maroko. Wani sashi na ciki, hamada, ya haɗa da Sabkhas, dunes da tsaunuka na dutse, kuma yana da kyau ga shimfidar wurare na Sahara. [[Fayil:Pink_flamingos_in_Moroccan_Sahara.jpg|left|thumb|Flamingos a cikin wurin shakatawa]] === Muhalli === Laguna muhimmiyar wurin kiwon tsuntsaye ce. Ruddy shelducks, marbled ducks da Audouin's gulls suna zaune a cikin tafkin har abada, kuma nau'o'i da yawa suna ƙaura a nan a cikin hunturu. Kowace shekara, kimanin tsuntsaye 20,000 suna zaune a yankin lagoon a lokacin hunturu.<ref name="biodiv">{{Cite web |title=Le Parc National Khenifiss |url=http://ma.chm-cbd.net/manag_cons/esp_prot/stat_nat/parc_nat/pn_khenifiss |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302170944/http://ma.chm-cbd.net/manag_cons/esp_prot/stat_nat/parc_nat/pn_khenifiss/ |archive-date=2 March 2012 |access-date=23 February 2012 |publisher=Centre d'Échange d'Information sur la Biodiversité du Maroc |language=French}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa masu yawa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lagune de Khnifiss |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lagune-de-khnifiss-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara kirkirar wurin shakatawa a matsayin ajiyar halitta a shekarar 1960. A cikin 1980 an rarraba shi a matsayin wuri mai laushi na muhimmancin duniya. A shekara ta 1983, an canza wurin ajiyar halitta zuwa wurin ajiyar halittu na dindindin. An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1998 a cikin rukunin "na halitta". <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lagune de Khnifiss |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/1182/ |access-date=1 August 2015 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2006, an kirkiro wurin shakatawa na kasa. 199g94zqvokj79scluz1nnqtlzktx04 841243 841242 2026-05-28T08:43:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An fara kirkirar wurin shakatawa a matsayin ajiyar halitta a shekarar 1960. A cikin 1980 an rarraba shi a matsayin wuri mai laushi na muhimmancin duniya. A shekara ta 1983, an canza wurin ajiyar halitta zuwa wurin ajiyar halittu na dindindin. An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1998 a cikin rukunin "na halitta". <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2006, an kirkiro wurin shakatawa na kasa. == Yanayin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa, tare da yanki na km2 mi2), yana kan iyakar [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], arewacin iyakar da [[Sahara]]" id="mwOg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Western Sahara">Yammacin Sahara, tsaka garuruwan Tan-Tan zuwa arewa da Tarfaya zuwa kudu. Hanyar Kasa ta 1, wacce ke gudana a bakin tekun Atlantika na Maroko, ta ratsa wurin shakatawa. Yankin bakin teku ya ƙunshi tafkin Khenfiss, mafi girman tafkin a bakin tekun Maroko. Wani sashi na ciki, hamada, ya haɗa da Sabkhas, dunes da tsaunuka na dutse, kuma yana da kyau ga shimfidar wurare na Sahara. [[Fayil:Pink_flamingos_in_Moroccan_Sahara.jpg|left|thumb|Flamingos a cikin wurin shakatawa]] === Muhalli === Laguna muhimmiyar wurin kiwon tsuntsaye ce. Ruddy shelducks, marbled ducks da Audouin's gulls suna zaune a cikin tafkin har abada, kuma nau'o'i da yawa suna ƙaura a nan a cikin hunturu. Kowace shekara, kimanin tsuntsaye 20,000 suna zaune a yankin lagoon a lokacin hunturu.<ref name="biodiv">{{Cite web |title=Le Parc National Khenifiss |url=http://ma.chm-cbd.net/manag_cons/esp_prot/stat_nat/parc_nat/pn_khenifiss |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302170944/http://ma.chm-cbd.net/manag_cons/esp_prot/stat_nat/parc_nat/pn_khenifiss/ |archive-date=2 March 2012 |access-date=23 February 2012 |publisher=Centre d'Échange d'Information sur la Biodiversité du Maroc |language=French}}</ref> Har ila yau, an sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa masu yawa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lagune de Khnifiss |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lagune-de-khnifiss-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara kirkirar wurin shakatawa a matsayin ajiyar halitta a shekarar 1960. A cikin 1980 an rarraba shi a matsayin wuri mai laushi na muhimmancin duniya. A shekara ta 1983, an canza wurin ajiyar halitta zuwa wurin ajiyar halittu na dindindin. An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1998 a cikin rukunin "na halitta". <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lagune de Khnifiss |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/1182/ |access-date=1 August 2015 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2006, an kirkiro wurin shakatawa na kasa. ==manazarta== p2xiv85sda6i82g6bguyuclm68dfj9e 0 152634 841245 2026-05-28T08:49:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355674067|Jebel Musa (Morocco)]]" 841245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jebel Musa''' ( Arabic , ''{{Transl|ar|Jabal Mūsā}}'' ; Berber languages ; ma'ana "Dutsen Musa") [[Tsauni|dutse]] ne da ke arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]], a gefen [[Afirka]] na Mashigar Gibraltar . Yana cikin sarkar dutsen Rif . Wasu suna da'awar cewa dutsen shine ginshiƙin kudu na Hercules, Mons Abila (Dutsen Abila ko Abyla). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tarihi == Jebel Musa, wanda aka sanya wa suna, a cewar masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 14 [[Abzinawa|na Berber]], [[Ibn Battuta]], don girmama Musa ibn Nusayr, wanda wanda ya ci Andalusia Tariq ibn Ziyad ya girmama shi, tsoffin Helenawa da [[Phoenicia|Phoeniyanci]] sun san shi da ''Dutsen Abyla'', [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]] kuma sun san shi da ''Columna'' . Tare da Dutsen Gibraltar a arewa, gabaɗaya ana gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan Hercules (wannan lakabin kuma ana kiransa da Monte Hacho a cikin yankin [[Ispaniya|Sipaniya]] na [[Ceuta]], a gabashin Jebel Musa). [[Fayil:Jebel_musa.jpg|left|thumb|Ra'ayi na Jebel Musa kamar yadda aka gani daga [[Gibraltar]]]] Sunan "ginshiƙai na Hercules" ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan goma sha biyu da jarumin Girka Heracles ya ba shi. Perseus ya kayar da Titan Atlas ta hanyar nuna masa kan Gorgon . Atlas ya tsorata ; gashinsa ya zama daji kuma kafadunsa suka zama duwatsu. Daga nan aka umurci Heracles ya ɗauki shanun Geryon ya kai su ga Eurystheus . Dutsen da Perseus ya ƙirƙira ya toshe hanyar Heracles; don share hanya, ya yi amfani da sandarsa don raba dutsen gida biyu, wani ɓangare ya zama Dutsen Gibraltar ɗayan kuma ya zama dutse a Maroko. A cewar tatsuniya, wannan rabuwar da aka yi a dutsen ya haifar da hanyar haɗi tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Bahar Rum. Wannan hanyar haɗi ita ce Mashigar Gibraltar. <ref name="poh">{{Cite web |title=Pillars of Hercules |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/PillarsOfHercules.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703182506/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/PillarsOfHercules.html |archive-date=3 July 2012 |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=mlahanas.de}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Jebel Musa yana da mita 842 (2,762 tsawo. A arewa, a fadin Strait of [[Gibraltar]], akwai [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. A gabas shine [[Ceuta]], wani yanki na Mutanen Espanya, kuma a yamma da kudu shine Morocco. Ta hanyar hanya, dutsen yana da kimanin kilomita 22 (14 yammacin Ceuta kuma kimanin kilomita 72 (45 gabashin [[Tanja|Tangier]]. Jebel Musa yana fuskantar Dutsen Gibraltar a ƙofar Bahar Rum daga [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]]. Yana da muhimmiyar alama a yankin Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima a arewacin bakin tekun Maroko.<ref name="ia">{{Cite web |title=Jebel Musa: Morocco |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-64940&fid=3936&c=morocco |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA}}</ref> Yankunan bakin teku da ke kewaye da dutsen suna nuna shaidar cewa suna da nau'ikan teku daban-daban a cikin shekaru. Wadannan tsaunuka suna da mita 120-130; mita 80 zuwa 90; mita 40 zuwa 60 kuma daga 0 zuwa mita 25 sama da matakin teku na yanzu.<ref name="highstand">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez Vidal |first=J. |last2=L.M. Cáceres Puro |year=2005 |editor-last=Rodríguez Vidal |editor-first=J. |title=EVIDENCIAS MORFOLÓGICAS EROSIVAS DE NIVELES MARINOS PLEISTOCENOS EN LA COSTA DEL JBEL MUSA (N. DE MARRUECOS) |journal=Libro de Actas |publisher=[[Gibraltar Museum]]}}</ref> A Ceuta, a kusa da garin Benzú, an san dutsen da Matattu (Spanish: la Mujer Muerta), saboda daga wannan gefen yana kama da mace a bayanta. == Muhalli == Dutsen wuri ne na kallon tsuntsaye . Tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura suna amfani da jiragen sama masu tashi sama da zafi daga Jebel Musa don samun tsayi kafin su yi ƙoƙarin ketare Madatsar Gibraltar. Madatsar Gibraltar "ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin ƙaura" ne kuma kallon raptor yana shahara a lokacin kaka, kodayake mafi kyawun wuraren lura na iya zama arewacin Madatsar. BirdLife International ta sanya wurin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) saboda yana tallafawa adadi mai yawa na tsuntsayen da ke tashi sama, musamman raptors, cranes da shamuwa, da kuma passerines da waders . <ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Jbel Moussa |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/jbel-moussa-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> An sanya bakin teku a ƙasan dutsen a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun 2019. Yankin da ke kewaye da dutsen yana da [[Caving|koguna]] sama da 200 waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu ziyara. Yankin da ke kewaye da dutsen yafi gandun daji kuma an gano shi a cikin Shirin Yankunan Karewa a Maroko a matsayin [[Site of Biological and Ecological Interest|Shafin Yanayi da Muhalli]] (SIBE).<ref name="rif">{{Cite web |title=Agence de Voyage |url=http://www.rifplanete.com/?cat=140&lang=en |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=rif planete}}</ref> n6lmj98vx34j5n3v6k4b66spwojd1mm 841246 841245 2026-05-28T08:49:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jebel Musa''' ( Arabic , ''{{Transl|ar|Jabal Mūsā}}'' ; Berber languages ; ma'ana "Dutsen Musa") [[Tsauni|dutse]] ne da ke arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]], a gefen [[Afirka]] na Mashigar Gibraltar . Yana cikin sarkar dutsen Rif . Wasu suna da'awar cewa dutsen shine ginshiƙin kudu na Hercules, Mons Abila (Dutsen Abila ko Abyla). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tarihi == Jebel Musa, wanda aka sanya wa suna, a cewar masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 14 [[Abzinawa|na Berber]], [[Ibn Battuta]], don girmama Musa ibn Nusayr, wanda wanda ya ci Andalusia Tariq ibn Ziyad ya girmama shi, tsoffin Helenawa da [[Phoenicia|Phoeniyanci]] sun san shi da ''Dutsen Abyla'', [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]] kuma sun san shi da ''Columna'' . Tare da Dutsen Gibraltar a arewa, gabaɗaya ana gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan Hercules (wannan lakabin kuma ana kiransa da Monte Hacho a cikin yankin [[Ispaniya|Sipaniya]] na [[Ceuta]], a gabashin Jebel Musa). [[Fayil:Jebel_musa.jpg|left|thumb|Ra'ayi na Jebel Musa kamar yadda aka gani daga [[Gibraltar]]]] Sunan "ginshiƙai na Hercules" ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan goma sha biyu da jarumin Girka Heracles ya ba shi. Perseus ya kayar da Titan Atlas ta hanyar nuna masa kan Gorgon . Atlas ya tsorata ; gashinsa ya zama daji kuma kafadunsa suka zama duwatsu. Daga nan aka umurci Heracles ya ɗauki shanun Geryon ya kai su ga Eurystheus . Dutsen da Perseus ya ƙirƙira ya toshe hanyar Heracles; don share hanya, ya yi amfani da sandarsa don raba dutsen gida biyu, wani ɓangare ya zama Dutsen Gibraltar ɗayan kuma ya zama dutse a Maroko. A cewar tatsuniya, wannan rabuwar da aka yi a dutsen ya haifar da hanyar haɗi tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Bahar Rum. Wannan hanyar haɗi ita ce Mashigar Gibraltar. <ref name="poh">{{Cite web |title=Pillars of Hercules |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/PillarsOfHercules.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703182506/http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Mythology/PillarsOfHercules.html |archive-date=3 July 2012 |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=mlahanas.de}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Jebel Musa yana da mita 842 (2,762 tsawo. A arewa, a fadin Strait of [[Gibraltar]], akwai [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. A gabas shine [[Ceuta]], wani yanki na Mutanen Espanya, kuma a yamma da kudu shine Morocco. Ta hanyar hanya, dutsen yana da kimanin kilomita 22 (14 yammacin Ceuta kuma kimanin kilomita 72 (45 gabashin [[Tanja|Tangier]]. Jebel Musa yana fuskantar Dutsen Gibraltar a ƙofar Bahar Rum daga [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]]. Yana da muhimmiyar alama a yankin Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima a arewacin bakin tekun Maroko.<ref name="ia">{{Cite web |title=Jebel Musa: Morocco |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-64940&fid=3936&c=morocco |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA}}</ref> Yankunan bakin teku da ke kewaye da dutsen suna nuna shaidar cewa suna da nau'ikan teku daban-daban a cikin shekaru. Wadannan tsaunuka suna da mita 120-130; mita 80 zuwa 90; mita 40 zuwa 60 kuma daga 0 zuwa mita 25 sama da matakin teku na yanzu.<ref name="highstand">{{Cite journal |last=Rodríguez Vidal |first=J. |last2=L.M. Cáceres Puro |year=2005 |editor-last=Rodríguez Vidal |editor-first=J. |title=EVIDENCIAS MORFOLÓGICAS EROSIVAS DE NIVELES MARINOS PLEISTOCENOS EN LA COSTA DEL JBEL MUSA (N. DE MARRUECOS) |journal=Libro de Actas |publisher=[[Gibraltar Museum]]}}</ref> A Ceuta, a kusa da garin Benzú, an san dutsen da Matattu (Spanish: la Mujer Muerta), saboda daga wannan gefen yana kama da mace a bayanta. == Muhalli == Dutsen wuri ne na kallon tsuntsaye . Tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura suna amfani da jiragen sama masu tashi sama da zafi daga Jebel Musa don samun tsayi kafin su yi ƙoƙarin ketare Madatsar Gibraltar. Madatsar Gibraltar "ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin ƙaura" ne kuma kallon raptor yana shahara a lokacin kaka, kodayake mafi kyawun wuraren lura na iya zama arewacin Madatsar. BirdLife International ta sanya wurin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) saboda yana tallafawa adadi mai yawa na tsuntsayen da ke tashi sama, musamman raptors, cranes da shamuwa, da kuma passerines da waders . <ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Jbel Moussa |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/jbel-moussa-iba-morocco |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> An sanya bakin teku a ƙasan dutsen a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun 2019. Yankin da ke kewaye da dutsen yana da [[Caving|koguna]] sama da 200 waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu ziyara. Yankin da ke kewaye da dutsen yafi gandun daji kuma an gano shi a cikin Shirin Yankunan Karewa a Maroko a matsayin [[Site of Biological and Ecological Interest|Shafin Yanayi da Muhalli]] (SIBE).<ref name="rif">{{Cite web |title=Agence de Voyage |url=http://www.rifplanete.com/?cat=140&lang=en |access-date=19 July 2012 |publisher=rif planete}}</ref> ==manazarta== cw57q6xesde9t5nzgrgp0352hvmf7y2 0 152635 841247 2026-05-28T08:51:02Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326823661|Ekpili]]" 841247 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Ekpili''' (wanda ake kuma kira '''Ekpiri/Egwu Ekpili'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha's "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ko '''Akụkọ-na-egwu''') wani salon kiɗan gargajiya ne da ya samo asali daga [[Inyamurai|al'umar Igbo]] da ke yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017-01-02 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18125980.2017.1322471 |journal=Muziki |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62–77 |doi=10.1080/18125980.2017.1322471 |issn=1812-5980 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan salon waƙar gargajiyar Igbo ya shahara ne da amfani da kayan kiɗa na musamman da ake kira <nowiki>'''Ubo'''</nowiki>, wani irin ƙaramin kayan kiɗa mai kama da piano wanda ake kaɗawa da babban yatsa, kuma wasu lokuta ana kiransa “thumb guitar”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn't know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Haka kuma ana amfani da <nowiki>'''Ichaka''' (ƙararrawar gora) da kuma '''clave'''</nowiki> wajen rera wannan kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn't know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Kiɗan Ekpili ya kuma shahara da saƙonnin baitocinsa, waɗanda ke bayyana tunanin falsafa, zamantakewa da siyasar al’ummar Igbo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi da Asalin Suna == Ba a tabbatar da takamaiman lokacin da kiɗan Ekpili ya samo asali ba, sai dai wasu masu bincike sun danganta shi da ƙarni na goma sha tara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk da rashin cikakken tabbaci kan asalinsa, an amince gaba ɗaya cewa wannan salon kiɗa ya samo asali ne daga yankin <nowiki>''Anambra Basin''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> Ko da yake Ekpili ya fi shahara da kayan kiɗan <nowiki>''Ubo'', sunan salon waƙar ya samo asali ne daga wani kayan kiɗa da ake kira ''ekpili''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn’t know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Tsofaffin mawaƙan wannan salon ne suka shigar da kayan cikin tsarin kiɗan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> {{Blockquote|EgwuEkpili ya samo sunansa daga '''ekpili''', wani irin ƙararrawa da ake yi daga manyan ’ya’yan itacen '''Uko''' waɗanda ake ɗaurewa da igiya mai kusan ƙafa ɗaya tsawo. Wannan kayan kiɗa ne mafi muhimmanci a irin wannan waƙa da ta yi fice a yankunan Anambra na ƙasar Igbo, musamman a garuruwan Achala, Aguleri, Awkuzu, Nando, Nteje, Oba, Ugbene, Ukwulu da Onitsha. Bisa tatsuniya, ana cewa waɗannan mutane ne suka fara karɓar wannan kiɗa daga tsuntsun waka sannan suka yaɗa shi zuwa sauran yankunan Igbo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref>}} Daga cikin siffofin kiɗan Ekpili akwai yadda mawaƙi guda ɗaya ke jagorantar waƙa tare da tsarin amsa-kuwwa daga masu raka waƙar a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> Wannan salon kiɗa ba ya cunkushe da kayan kiɗa masu yawa, domin babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai shi ne murya da saƙonnin da ake isarwa ga masu sauraro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana yawan bayyana wannan salon waƙa da suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Akụkọ-na-egwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> ma’ana “labari cikin waƙa”, saboda mawaƙi kan bayar da labari ne cikin tsarin kiɗa tare da ɗan dakatawa domin kaɗe-kaɗen kayan kiɗa a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> A mafi yawan lokuta, tsarin bayar da labarin a cikin Ekpili yana tafiya ne ta yadda mawaƙi zai fara da jigon waƙar, sannan ya zurfafa cikin labarin, daga baya ya dawo ga jigon farko kafin ya ci gaba da sauran bayanai na labarin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Waka dangane da yare]] 8qvkdsd76achq7idvmkg9wpvkj71r3t 841251 841247 2026-05-28T08:53:39Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ekpili''' (wanda ake kuma kira '''Ekpiri/Egwu Ekpili'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha's "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ko '''Akụkọ-na-egwu''') wani salon kiɗan gargajiya ne da ya samo asali daga [[Inyamurai|al'umar Igbo]] da ke yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017-01-02 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18125980.2017.1322471 |journal=Muziki |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62–77 |doi=10.1080/18125980.2017.1322471 |issn=1812-5980 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan salon waƙar gargajiyar Igbo ya shahara ne da amfani da kayan kiɗa na musamman da ake kira <nowiki>'''Ubo'''</nowiki>, wani irin ƙaramin kayan kiɗa mai kama da piano wanda ake kaɗawa da babban yatsa, kuma wasu lokuta ana kiransa “thumb guitar”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn't know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Haka kuma ana amfani da <nowiki>'''Ichaka''' (ƙararrawar gora) da kuma '''clave'''</nowiki> wajen rera wannan kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn't know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Kiɗan Ekpili ya kuma shahara da saƙonnin baitocinsa, waɗanda ke bayyana tunanin falsafa, zamantakewa da siyasar al’ummar Igbo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi da Asalin Suna == Ba a tabbatar da takamaiman lokacin da kiɗan Ekpili ya samo asali ba, sai dai wasu masu bincike sun danganta shi da ƙarni na goma sha tara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk da rashin cikakken tabbaci kan asalinsa, an amince gaba ɗaya cewa wannan salon kiɗa ya samo asali ne daga yankin <nowiki>''Anambra Basin''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> Ko da yake Ekpili ya fi shahara da kayan kiɗan <nowiki>''Ubo'', sunan salon waƙar ya samo asali ne daga wani kayan kiɗa da ake kira ''ekpili''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=B. I. |date=2022-07-22 |title=Egwu Ekipili, the Igbo Music Genre, you didn’t know existed |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/egwu-ekipili-the-igbo-music-genre-you-didnt-know-existed/h1y3ygj |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref> Tsofaffin mawaƙan wannan salon ne suka shigar da kayan cikin tsarin kiɗan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> {{Blockquote|EgwuEkpili ya samo sunansa daga '''ekpili''', wani irin ƙararrawa da ake yi daga manyan ’ya’yan itacen '''Uko''' waɗanda ake ɗaurewa da igiya mai kusan ƙafa ɗaya tsawo. Wannan kayan kiɗa ne mafi muhimmanci a irin wannan waƙa da ta yi fice a yankunan Anambra na ƙasar Igbo, musamman a garuruwan Achala, Aguleri, Awkuzu, Nando, Nteje, Oba, Ugbene, Ukwulu da Onitsha. Bisa tatsuniya, ana cewa waɗannan mutane ne suka fara karɓar wannan kiɗa daga tsuntsun waka sannan suka yaɗa shi zuwa sauran yankunan Igbo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref>}} Daga cikin siffofin kiɗan Ekpili akwai yadda mawaƙi guda ɗaya ke jagorantar waƙa tare da tsarin amsa-kuwwa daga masu raka waƙar a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> Wannan salon kiɗa ba ya cunkushe da kayan kiɗa masu yawa, domin babban abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai shi ne murya da saƙonnin da ake isarwa ga masu sauraro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuegbuna |first=Ikenna Emmanuel |date=2015-03-01 |title=Philosophical Embodiments in Igbo Music: An Analysis of Mike Ejeagha’s "Popular" Folk Songs Style |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244015569667 |journal=SAGE Open |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=215824401556966 |doi=10.1177/2158244015569667 |issn=2158-2440 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana yawan bayyana wannan salon waƙa da suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Akụkọ-na-egwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> ma’ana “labari cikin waƙa”, saboda mawaƙi kan bayar da labari ne cikin tsarin kiɗa tare da ɗan dakatawa domin kaɗe-kaɗen kayan kiɗa a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> A mafi yawan lokuta, tsarin bayar da labarin a cikin Ekpili yana tafiya ne ta yadda mawaƙi zai fara da jigon waƙar, sannan ya zurfafa cikin labarin, daga baya ya dawo ga jigon farko kafin ya ci gaba da sauran bayanai na labarin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Igwebuike |first=Ebuka Elias |date=2017 |title=Metaphor, Identity and Ideologies in Igbo Folk Music |url=https://www.academia.edu/47744595/Metaphor_Identity_and_Ideologies_in_Igbo_Folk_Music |journal=Muziki |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=62 |issn=1812-5980}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Waka dangane da yare]] 7kll1x6retf9soxctc710t6oufkpzt1 0 152636 841248 2026-05-28T08:51:50Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349937491|Water supply and sanitation in Morocco]]" 841248 wikitext text/x-wiki Ana '''samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Morocco''' ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar masu gudanar da ayyukan gwamnati na ƙasa da na yanki. Samar da ayyukan yi ya fuskanci gagarumin sauyi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda kamfanonin gwamnati masu ayyuka da yawa na yanki (SRM) suka maye gurbin kamfanonin haya masu zaman kansu da kamfanonin samar da ayyukan yi na birni. Wadannan kamfanonin yanki suna da alhakin rarraba ruwa, wutar lantarki da sabis na tsabta a matakin yanki. A layi daya, Ofishin Lantarki da Ruwa mai sha na Kasa (ONEE) ya kasance babban dan wasan kwaikwayo, musamman a cikin samar da ruwa mai yawa, samarwa ga masu aiki na gida, da samar da sabis a cikin ƙananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara. Samun damar samar da ruwa ya inganta sosai tun farkon shekarun 2000, yayin da ci gaba a cikin tsaftacewa ya kasance a hankali. Ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman iyakantaccen matakin [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]], rashin haɗin gida a wasu yankunan birane masu karamin kuɗi, da kuma dorewar wasu tsarin karkara. A mayar da martani, hukumomin gwamnati sun aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kasa da yawa. Shirin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2005, yana da niyyar fadada ikon kula da ruwa mai guba da inganta ɗaukar ruwa a cikin birane. An kuma yi ƙoƙari don fadada damar samun ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli ga marasa galihu, musamman ta hanyar Ci gaban Dan Adam na Kasa. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == === Ma'adanai na ruwa na al'ada === Maroko tana da kimanin Cubic mita biliyan 22 na albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa na al'ada a kowace shekara daidai da cubic mita 730 / babban mutum / shekara. Kafin la'akari da shekarun fari na shekarun 1990s da 2000s an kiyasta jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa sun fi girma a kusan mita cubic biliyan 29 Koyaya, kawai har zuwa mita cubic miliyan 20 a kowace shekara za a iya kama su ta hanyar tattalin arziki (ma'adanai masu amfani), gami da m3 biliyan 16 na ruwa da m3 na ruwa na ƙasa biliyan 4. Maroko tana da madatsun ruwa kusan 100 na girma daban-daban tare da jimlar damar ajiya na cubic mita biliyan 15. An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2004 an janye kimanin m3 biliyan 13.5, ko kuma kimanin kashi 67% na albarkatun da ke akwai. Kashi 83% na janyewar sun kasance don noma da kuma kashi 17% don amfani da birni da masana'antu. Koyaya, albarkatun ruwa ba a raba su daidai a sarari da lokaci ba, tare da mafi yawan albarkatun ruwan da ke Arewa da ruwan sama da aka iyakance ga hunturu. Bugu da kari, ingancin albarkatun ruwa ya lalace ta hanyar gurɓata, musamman a cikin tafkin Sebou. [[Fayil:Village_atlas.jpeg|thumb|300x300px|Snowpack a cikin Dutsen Atlas, inda mafi yawan manyan koguna a Maroko suke da tushe, suna ba da muhimmiyar ajiya ga albarkatun ruwa]] Maroko ta kasu kashi bakwai na manyan koguna da kuma wasu ƙananan koguna. Manyan tafkuna bakwai daga Arewa zuwa Kudu sune Kogin Loukkos, Kogin Moulouya, Kogin Sebou, Kogin Bou Regreg, Kogin Oum Er-Rbia, Kogin [[Kogin Tensift|Tensift]] da kwarin Souss-Massa-Drâa. Sai dai Kogin Loukkos, duk waɗannan koguna sun samo asali ne daga Dutsen Atlas. Akwai 'yan canjin ruwa a cikin Maroko, mafi mahimmanci shine tashar Rocade daga tafkin Oum Er-Rbia zuwa tafkin Tensift kusa da Marrakesh, canja wuri daga kusa da bakin Oum er-Rbia til Casablanca da canja wuri daga Kogin Bouregreg kuma zuwa Casablanca. Akwai shirye-shiryen gwaji don babban aikin canja wurin ruwa na arewa maso kudu tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin jigilar kusan 2.74 miliyan cubic mita / rana (0.75 biliyan m3/shekara) sama da kilomita 500-600 daga tafkin Sebou River zuwa tafkin Tensift mai matsin ruwa.&nbsp; Amfani da ruwa don amfani da birni da masana'antu ya kasance kusan 2.28 biliyan m3 a cikin 2003, wanda 0.7 biliyan m 3 (31%) ya fito ne daga ruwan kasa da 1.58 biliyan m6 (69%) daga ruwan sama. Ana amfani da albarkatun ruwa a wasu sassan kasar, musamman a yankin Sous-Massa a Kudu inda ban ruwa shine babban mai amfani da ruwa. === Magani da sake amfani da ruwa === Zuwa yanzu akwai iyakataccen shirin sake amfani da ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi a Morocco, ganin cewa kashi 21% ne kawai na ruwan da aka tattara ke shan magani. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2009, akwai cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara sama da 100 a Maroko, galibi suna hidimar ƙananan da matsakaitan garuruwa da ke cikin gida ko kuma a ƙasar. Ƙananan hukumomi ne suka gina cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara na farko a Maroko ta amfani da fasahohi iri-iri. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin kuɗi da fasaha na waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi, kusan dukkan waɗannan cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara 28 sun daina aiki jim kaɗan bayan an kammala su. Wannan ya haifar da shawarar a shekara ta 2000 a hankali a mayar da alhakin tsaftace muhalli a ƙananan garuruwa zuwa ga kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasa ONEP. A shekara ta 2009, na biyun ya gina ko kuma yana cikin aikin gina masana'antu 43, galibi ta amfani da fasahar [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|daidaita tafkin]], amma kuma injin tace ruwa ɗaya da aka kunna da kuma wasu masana'antun [[Tace madara|tace ruwa]] . Tarihin sarrafa waɗannan masana'antun ya fi na masana'antun da ƙananan hukumomi ke sarrafawa, wani ɓangare saboda fasahar da ta fi yawa - tafkunan daidaita - ba sa buƙatar wutar lantarki. Ƙananan kuɗin aikin sa ya sa ya zama ƙasa da matsala idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi na aiki. A manyan birane, ƙananan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na birni (Régies) ne kawai ke gudanar da tashoshin tace ruwan shara. Tarihinsu na sarrafa su ya bambanta: Wata masana'anta da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Agadir ke gudanarwa tana aiki da kyau, yayin da masana'antun da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beni Mellal da Nador ke gudanarwa ba sa aiki. Waɗannan masana'antun suna amfani da fasahar laka da aka kunna wadda ke buƙatar wutar lantarki. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Marakkesh yana gina wani babban masana'anta a shekarar 2009, kuma kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Fez yana cikin shirin neman kamfanin. Wannan tsari ya fuskanci koma-baya lokacin da hukumar ci gaban Faransa AFD da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai suka janye tallafin da suke bayarwa ga kamfanin, suna masu cewa rashin girmama hanyoyin bayar da wutar lantarki a matsayin dalilin hakan. b81gkiqivjr128rr7ppwnd2nhqrzp1n 841249 841248 2026-05-28T08:52:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ana '''samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Morocco''' ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar masu gudanar da ayyukan gwamnati na ƙasa da na yanki. Samar da ayyukan yi ya fuskanci gagarumin sauyi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda kamfanonin gwamnati masu ayyuka da yawa na yanki (SRM) suka maye gurbin kamfanonin haya masu zaman kansu da kamfanonin samar da ayyukan yi na birni. Wadannan kamfanonin yanki suna da alhakin rarraba ruwa, wutar lantarki da sabis na tsabta a matakin yanki. A layi daya, Ofishin Lantarki da Ruwa mai sha na Kasa (ONEE) ya kasance babban dan wasan kwaikwayo, musamman a cikin samar da ruwa mai yawa, samarwa ga masu aiki na gida, da samar da sabis a cikin ƙananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara. Samun damar samar da ruwa ya inganta sosai tun farkon shekarun 2000, yayin da ci gaba a cikin tsaftacewa ya kasance a hankali. Ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman iyakantaccen matakin [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]], rashin haɗin gida a wasu yankunan birane masu karamin kuɗi, da kuma dorewar wasu tsarin karkara. A mayar da martani, hukumomin gwamnati sun aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kasa da yawa. Shirin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2005, yana da niyyar fadada ikon kula da ruwa mai guba da inganta ɗaukar ruwa a cikin birane. An kuma yi ƙoƙari don fadada damar samun ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli ga marasa galihu, musamman ta hanyar Ci gaban Dan Adam na Kasa. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == === Ma'adanai na ruwa na al'ada === Maroko tana da kimanin Cubic mita biliyan 22 na albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa na al'ada a kowace shekara daidai da cubic mita 730 / babban mutum / shekara. Kafin la'akari da shekarun fari na shekarun 1990s da 2000s an kiyasta jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa sun fi girma a kusan mita cubic biliyan 29 Koyaya, kawai har zuwa mita cubic miliyan 20 a kowace shekara za a iya kama su ta hanyar tattalin arziki (ma'adanai masu amfani), gami da m3 biliyan 16 na ruwa da m3 na ruwa na ƙasa biliyan 4. Maroko tana da madatsun ruwa kusan 100 na girma daban-daban tare da jimlar damar ajiya na cubic mita biliyan 15. An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2004 an janye kimanin m3 biliyan 13.5, ko kuma kimanin kashi 67% na albarkatun da ke akwai. Kashi 83% na janyewar sun kasance don noma da kuma kashi 17% don amfani da birni da masana'antu. Koyaya, albarkatun ruwa ba a raba su daidai a sarari da lokaci ba, tare da mafi yawan albarkatun ruwan da ke Arewa da ruwan sama da aka iyakance ga hunturu. Bugu da kari, ingancin albarkatun ruwa ya lalace ta hanyar gurɓata, musamman a cikin tafkin Sebou. [[Fayil:Village_atlas.jpeg|thumb|300x300px|Snowpack a cikin Dutsen Atlas, inda mafi yawan manyan koguna a Maroko suke da tushe, suna ba da muhimmiyar ajiya ga albarkatun ruwa]] Maroko ta kasu kashi bakwai na manyan koguna da kuma wasu ƙananan koguna. Manyan tafkuna bakwai daga Arewa zuwa Kudu sune Kogin Loukkos, Kogin Moulouya, Kogin Sebou, Kogin Bou Regreg, Kogin Oum Er-Rbia, Kogin [[Kogin Tensift|Tensift]] da kwarin Souss-Massa-Drâa. Sai dai Kogin Loukkos, duk waɗannan koguna sun samo asali ne daga Dutsen Atlas. Akwai 'yan canjin ruwa a cikin Maroko, mafi mahimmanci shine tashar Rocade daga tafkin Oum Er-Rbia zuwa tafkin Tensift kusa da Marrakesh, canja wuri daga kusa da bakin Oum er-Rbia til Casablanca da canja wuri daga Kogin Bouregreg kuma zuwa Casablanca. Akwai shirye-shiryen gwaji don babban aikin canja wurin ruwa na arewa maso kudu tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin jigilar kusan 2.74 miliyan cubic mita / rana (0.75 biliyan m3/shekara) sama da kilomita 500-600 daga tafkin Sebou River zuwa tafkin Tensift mai matsin ruwa.&nbsp; Amfani da ruwa don amfani da birni da masana'antu ya kasance kusan 2.28 biliyan m3 a cikin 2003, wanda 0.7 biliyan m 3 (31%) ya fito ne daga ruwan kasa da 1.58 biliyan m6 (69%) daga ruwan sama. Ana amfani da albarkatun ruwa a wasu sassan kasar, musamman a yankin Sous-Massa a Kudu inda ban ruwa shine babban mai amfani da ruwa. === Magani da sake amfani da ruwa === Zuwa yanzu akwai iyakataccen shirin sake amfani da ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi a Morocco, ganin cewa kashi 21% ne kawai na ruwan da aka tattara ke shan magani. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2009, akwai cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara sama da 100 a Maroko, galibi suna hidimar ƙananan da matsakaitan garuruwa da ke cikin gida ko kuma a ƙasar. Ƙananan hukumomi ne suka gina cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara na farko a Maroko ta amfani da fasahohi iri-iri. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin kuɗi da fasaha na waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi, kusan dukkan waɗannan cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara 28 sun daina aiki jim kaɗan bayan an kammala su. Wannan ya haifar da shawarar a shekara ta 2000 a hankali a mayar da alhakin tsaftace muhalli a ƙananan garuruwa zuwa ga kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasa ONEP. A shekara ta 2009, na biyun ya gina ko kuma yana cikin aikin gina masana'antu 43, galibi ta amfani da fasahar [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|daidaita tafkin]], amma kuma injin tace ruwa ɗaya da aka kunna da kuma wasu masana'antun [[Tace madara|tace ruwa]] . Tarihin sarrafa waɗannan masana'antun ya fi na masana'antun da ƙananan hukumomi ke sarrafawa, wani ɓangare saboda fasahar da ta fi yawa - tafkunan daidaita - ba sa buƙatar wutar lantarki. Ƙananan kuɗin aikin sa ya sa ya zama ƙasa da matsala idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi na aiki. A manyan birane, ƙananan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na birni (Régies) ne kawai ke gudanar da tashoshin tace ruwan shara. Tarihinsu na sarrafa su ya bambanta: Wata masana'anta da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Agadir ke gudanarwa tana aiki da kyau, yayin da masana'antun da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beni Mellal da Nador ke gudanarwa ba sa aiki. Waɗannan masana'antun suna amfani da fasahar laka da aka kunna wadda ke buƙatar wutar lantarki. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Marakkesh yana gina wani babban masana'anta a shekarar 2009, kuma kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Fez yana cikin shirin neman kamfanin. Wannan tsari ya fuskanci koma-baya lokacin da hukumar ci gaban Faransa AFD da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai suka janye tallafin da suke bayarwa ga kamfanin, suna masu cewa rashin girmama hanyoyin bayar da wutar lantarki a matsayin dalilin hakan. ==manazarta== hbluo1uae9epp34pctr24tslgktkz4u 0 152637 841250 2026-05-28T08:53:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338369471|Fishing industry in Morocco]]" 841250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Essaouira_fishing_boats.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Jiragen kamun kifi a Essaouira]] '''Masana'antar kamun kifi a [[Moroko|Maroko]]''' ita ce babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga daga ƙasashen waje, tana da kashi 2,84% na jimillar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Atlas of Economic Complexity by @HarvardCID |url=http://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore/?country=134&partner=undefined&product=undefined&productClass=HS&startYear=undefined&target=Product&year=2017 |access-date=2019-06-17 |website=atlas.cid.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> Tun da daɗewa masana'antar ta kasance ginshiƙi a tattalin arzikin ƙasar. Ana ɗaukar masarautar a matsayin babbar kasuwar kifi a Afirka, inda aka kiyasta cewa jimillar kamun kifi ya kai 1,084,638 MT a shekarar 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hosting System File Manager |url=http://www.infosamak.org/english/actualite.cfm?id=283 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717191159/http://www.infosamak.org/english/actualite.cfm?id=283 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |access-date=2006-07-03}}</ref> == Sashin kamun kifi == Sashin kamun kifi yana da kashi 3% na GDP na Morocco. Gwamnati ta kiyasta yawan ayyukan kai tsaye da na kai tsaye a 400,000 (ciki har da masunta 104,000). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Redirect |url=http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/country/enpi_csp_morocco_en.pdf}}</ref> Ƙananan ɓangaren kamun kifi (mutane 100,000) suna da nisa a bayan wasu rassan masana'antar kamun kiɗa saboda rashin ababen more rayuwa da wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa da shuka. Yankunan kamun kifi a cikin Canary Current a yammacin gabar tekun Maroko suna da wadataccen wadataccen sardines, bonito, da tuna, amma ƙasar ba ta da jiragen ruwa na zamani da wuraren sarrafawa don amfana sosai daga waɗannan albarkatun ruwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na babban yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Morocco ta kammala tare da [[Tarayyar Turai]] a cikin 1996 ya shafi haƙƙin kamun kifi, wanda EU ke biyan Morocco kuɗin shekara-shekara don ba da izinin jiragen ruwa (musamman Mutanen Espanya) su kamun ruwan Morocco. Sabuwar yarjejeniyar kamun kifi ta shekaru huɗu tare da [[Tarayyar Turai]] za ta ba da damar jiragen Turai, galibi daga [[Ispaniya|Spain]], su yi aiki a cikin ruwan Maroko da Yammacin Sahara don musayar shirin diyya na tattalin arziki, wanda Ofishin Kifi na Maroko ya yi niyyar amfani da shi don bunkasa sabuntawar sashin kamun kifin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hosting System File Manager |url=http://www.infosamak.org/english/actualite.cfm?id=283 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717191159/http://www.infosamak.org/english/actualite.cfm?id=283 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |access-date=2006-07-03}}</ref> == Gyara == An ba da gudummawar sake fasalin aikin gona na Maroko ga masana'antar kamun kifi. A ƙarshen Satumba 2009, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona, Ci gaban Karkara da Kifi na Ruwa sun bayyana shirin Halieutis . Wanda ke da niyyar kara fitarwa daga DH8.3bn (€729m) a 2007 zuwa DH21.9bn (€1.9bn) nan da shekarar 2020. A lokaci guda, ana sa ran gudummawar bangaren ga GDP zai tashi daga DH16.2bn zuwa DH23.9bn (€2bn). Ayyuka kai tsaye a masana'antar kamun kifi, babban ma'aikaci, ana sa ran kusan ninki biyu, yana tashi daga 61,650 zuwa 115,000. == Rikici == Akwai rikice-rikice na yau da kullun tare da Spain game da haƙƙin kamun kifi tun 1973 lokacin da Morocco ta ayyana Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman (EEZ), wanda ya haifar da iyakar kamun kifin bakin teku mai nisan kilomita 70 (130). An tsawaita wannan zuwa 200 nautical miles (370 a 1981. A watan Fabrairun 2012 an ruwaito cewa Firayim Ministan Spain yana roƙon Morocco da ta tattauna yarjejeniya game da waɗannan bambance-bambance.&nbsp; == Manqzarta == 1ox4qzkulwer680fihf16549jexoufm 0 152638 841255 2026-05-28T09:00:17Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343426338|Danny Shittu]]" 841255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Olusola Shittu''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1980) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan]] ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . Ya buga wasanni 346 a [[Premier League|gasar Premier]] da ƙwallon ƙafa, ciki har da wasanni 190 da ya buga wa Queens Park Rangers . A tsawon shekaru 16 da ya yi yana buga wasa, Shittu ya buga wa Norwich City, Charlton Athletic, Blackpool, Watford, Millwall da Bolton Wanderers wasa. Ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] wasanni 32 tsakanin 2000 da 2013. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Shittu a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, kuma ya koma Ingila lokacin yana da shekara bakwai kuma ya girma a "yankin Gabas ta London". Ya girma a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa maza da mata bakwai", Shittu ya fara aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar matasa ta Carshalton Athletic ta Isthmian League, amma ya yi wahala kuma aka sake shi. Shittu ya girma yana ɗaukaka tsohon mai tsaron baya na Ingila da Arsenal Sol Campbell, wanda Shittu ya girma a kan hanya daga Gabas ta Gabas. Shittu abokin mawakin rap ne na lokacin yana yara, Dizzee Rascal, wanda ya bayyana Shittu a matsayin "kamar babban ɗan'uwa". Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha bakwai, Shittu yana gab da zuwa jami'a, yana karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta don digiri. Duk da haka, Shittu ya yanke shawarar kin zuwa jami'a, bayan ya fahimci cewa: 'Ba zan iya aiki a ofis duk rayuwata ba - Zan zama ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa' kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> Shittu ya rubuta wasiƙu ga ƙungiyoyi sama da 92 don gwaji, amma ƙungiyoyi uku sun amsa da a'a. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> Amma Charlton Athletic ta ba shi gwaji na mako ɗaya bayan ta shawo kan makarantar ƙungiyar cewa ya isa ya yi aiki a cikin "wayar mintuna 20". Daga ƙarshe, gwajin sa na mako ɗaya a Charlton Athletic ya koma gwaji na makonni shida, wanda ya sa ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'a ta shekara ɗaya da su kuma ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa da gaske. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Shittu ya fara aikinsa a Charlton Athletic, bayan ya yi gwaji a Norwich City tun yana matashi. Shekaru biyu bayan ya koma Charlton Athletic, Shittu ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa 2003. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragi da kulob din, an ba shi aro ga Blackpool kuma ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2001, a wasan da suka doke Lincoln City da ci 2-0. Sannan ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu ga kulob din a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2001, a wasan da suka doke [[Barnet FC|Barnet]] da ci 3-2. A karshen kakar wasa, Shittu ya bayyana sau biyu ga kulob din a wasan share fage na gasar kwallon kafa ta rukuni na uku kafin ya koma kulob dinsa na asali, bayan "ya cika adadin kwanakin da aka yarda" a Blackpool kuma an daukaka kulob din bayan ya doke Leyton Orient 4-2 a wasan karshe na neman gurbin shiga gasar . A lokacin da yake can, ya zama dan wasa na farko a Blackpool kuma ya zama wanda magoya bayan kulob din suka fi so. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2001, an yi ta rade-radin cewa Shittu zai bar Charlton, inda Blackpool ke sha'awar sayensa, amma wannan matakin bai yi nasara ba. Amma a watan Oktoba na 2001, an ba shi aro ga Queens Park Rangers . === Queens Park Rangers === Wasan farko da Shittu ya fara yi wa Rangers a matsayin aro, a wasan da suka yi da Peterborough a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2001 a wasan da suka buga na Football League One, bai yi wa 'yan wasan dadi ba, inda aka kore shi a minti na 83. Kwallonsa ta farko ta zo ne a Chesterfield a ranar 15 ga Disamba 2001 a wasan da aka sake korarsa. QPR ta sayi ayyukansa na dindindin akan £350,000 a watan Janairun 2002. 'Yan'uwan Alex da Matt Winton ne suka saye shi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Gerry |date=12 January 2002 |title=QPR superfans deliver Shittu on a plate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/jan/13/newsstory.sport1 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> waɗanda suka kuma biya albashin Shittu a kakar wasa ta farko a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2002 |title=Shittu's permanent move |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/q/qpr/1747701.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na dindindin shine wasan gida da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] a ranar 12 ga Janairun 2002, wanda ya sa QPR ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. Shittu ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a QPR a matsayin ɗan wasa na dindindin a ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2002, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-2 a kan Notts County . A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2001-02, Shittu ya ci gaba da buga wasanni ashirin da bakwai kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a duk gasa. Shittu ya ci gaba da yin nasara sosai a Loftus Road, inda ya zama abin da magoya baya suka fi so saboda ƙarfinsa da kuma ƙarfinsa a tsakiyar 'yan wasan baya. A kakar wasa ta 2002-03, Shittu ya fara kakar wasa da kyau lokacin da ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa, a wasan da suka doke Mansfield Town da ci 4-0 a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2002 kuma ya sake zira kwallaye makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2002, a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2017 |title=LAST TIME OUT: QPR 3, HUDDERSFIELD 0 |url=http://www.qpr.co.uk/news/article/160114-last-time-out-v-huddersfield-1297532.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407231606/http://www.qpr.co.uk/news/article/160114-last-time-out-v-huddersfield-1297532.aspx |archive-date=7 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=Queens Park Rangers F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2003, Shittu ya sake zira kwallaye, a wasan da suka doke Chesterfield da ci 4-2. Shittu ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye uku tsakanin 15 ga Fabrairu, 2003 da 4 ga Maris, 2003, a wasan da suka doke Port Vale, Swindon Town da Huddersfield Town. Shittu ya zura kwallon farko a wasan Derby a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2003, a wasan da suka doke [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin buga wasanni uku, saboda raunin da ya samu a watan Nuwamba, Ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tawagar da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar Division Two a 2003 inda Cardiff <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2003 |title=Cardiff seal promotion |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/3051017.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> da kungiyar da ta lashe gasar suka sha kashi a hannun Rangers a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya buga wasanni 182 a kakar wasa hudu kuma ya zura kwallaye 17. A kakar wasa ta 2003-04, Shittu ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar har sai da ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni a ƙarshen Satumba, wanda ya samu nasara a kan Sheffield United da ci 2-0 a gasar League Cup. A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2003 ya koma ƙungiyar farko, inda ya maye gurbinsa a karo na biyu, a wasan da suka doke Plymouth Argyle da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, Shittu ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar har sai da ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2003-04, Shittu ya buga wasanni ashirin da huɗu a dukkan gasa kuma aka ɗaukaka ƙungiyar zuwa Gasar Zakarun Turai bayan ta zo ta biyu. Kafin kakar wasa ta 2004-05, Shittu ya dawo cikin koshin lafiya lokacin da ya koma atisaye kuma yana fatan ya dawo wasa. Duk da haka, Shittu ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin 'yan wasan da ba su da kwarewa a kungiyar. A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2004, ya koma kungiyar farko, inda ya koma a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti na 78, a wasan da suka doke [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] da ci 3-2. Bayan wasan, Shittu ya yaba wa dan wasan Rugby na Ingila Lawrence Dallaglio a matsayin wanda ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa don murmurewa raunin da ya samu. Duk da haka, a watan Oktoba, Shittu ya ji rauni a gwiwarsa a lokacin da suka doke [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi jinyar makonni shida. Bayan komawa ƙungiyar farko a watan da ya biyo baya, Shittu ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2004, a wasan da suka doke Cardiff City da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallon da suka ci nasara kuma ya sake zira kwallo a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2004, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] . Shittu ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye biyu daga baya a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da Ipswich Town da [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] . A kakar wasa ta 2004-05, Shittu ya sami damar sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar tun bayan dawowarsa daga rauni kuma ya ci gaba da buga wasanni talatin da bakwai tare da zura kwallaye sau huɗu a duk gasa. A kakar wasa ta 2005-06, Shittu ya sami jan kati a minti na 54 saboda keta, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-0 a hannun Coventry City a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2005. Bayan dakatar da shi wasa daya, Shittu ya koma kungiyar farko daga dakatarwa sannan ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Southampton a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2005. Shittu ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye biyu a karshen shekarar 2005 da Preston North End da Watford. A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2006, Shittu ya zura kwallonsa ta hudu a kakar wasa ta bana, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-2 da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] . Duk da rashin samun damar buga wasa daya a gasar (inda ya buga wasanni 45 a gasar), Shittu ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 46 kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu a dukkan gasannin. A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2006, Shittu ya zama batun hasashen siyan ɗan wasa daga ƙungiyoyin [[Premier League]], amma ƙungiyar ba za ta sayar da shi kan ƙasa da fam miliyan 3 ba. A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2006, Queens Park Rangers ta amince da tayin fam miliyan 1.5 da West Bromwich Albion ta yi, wanda tayin zai iya kaiwa fam miliyan 3, bisa ga aikinsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b92r5bq4rapfuze79b6cbwpqtyz8c2z 841256 841255 2026-05-28T09:00:41Z Sardeeq 39275 841256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Olusola Shittu''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba 1980) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan]] ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . Ya buga wasanni 346 a [[Premier League|gasar Premier]] da ƙwallon ƙafa, ciki har da wasanni 190 da ya buga wa Queens Park Rangers . A tsawon shekaru 16 da ya yi yana buga wasa, Shittu ya buga wa Norwich City, Charlton Athletic, Blackpool, Watford, Millwall da Bolton Wanderers wasa. Ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] wasanni 32 tsakanin 2000 da 2013. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Shittu a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, kuma ya koma Ingila lokacin yana da shekara bakwai kuma ya girma a "yankin Gabas ta London". Ya girma a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwa maza da mata bakwai", Shittu ya fara aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar matasa ta Carshalton Athletic ta Isthmian League, amma ya yi wahala kuma aka sake shi. Shittu ya girma yana ɗaukaka tsohon mai tsaron baya na Ingila da Arsenal Sol Campbell, wanda Shittu ya girma a kan hanya daga Gabas ta Gabas. Shittu abokin mawakin rap ne na lokacin yana yara, Dizzee Rascal, wanda ya bayyana Shittu a matsayin "kamar babban ɗan'uwa". Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha bakwai, Shittu yana gab da zuwa jami'a, yana karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta don digiri. Duk da haka, Shittu ya yanke shawarar kin zuwa jami'a, bayan ya fahimci cewa: 'Ba zan iya aiki a ofis duk rayuwata ba - Zan zama ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa' kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> Shittu ya rubuta wasiƙu ga ƙungiyoyi sama da 92 don gwaji, amma ƙungiyoyi uku sun amsa da a'a. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> Amma Charlton Athletic ta ba shi gwaji na mako ɗaya bayan ta shawo kan makarantar ƙungiyar cewa ya isa ya yi aiki a cikin "wayar mintuna 20". Daga ƙarshe, gwajin sa na mako ɗaya a Charlton Athletic ya koma gwaji na makonni shida, wanda ya sa ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'a ta shekara ɗaya da su kuma ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa da gaske. <ref name="ShittuBoltonNews" /> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Shittu ya fara aikinsa a Charlton Athletic, bayan ya yi gwaji a Norwich City tun yana matashi. Shekaru biyu bayan ya koma Charlton Athletic, Shittu ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa 2003. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragi da kulob din, an ba shi aro ga Blackpool kuma ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2001, a wasan da suka doke Lincoln City da ci 2-0. Sannan ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu ga kulob din a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2001, a wasan da suka doke [[Barnet FC|Barnet]] da ci 3-2. A karshen kakar wasa, Shittu ya bayyana sau biyu ga kulob din a wasan share fage na gasar kwallon kafa ta rukuni na uku kafin ya koma kulob dinsa na asali, bayan "ya cika adadin kwanakin da aka yarda" a Blackpool kuma an daukaka kulob din bayan ya doke Leyton Orient 4-2 a wasan karshe na neman gurbin shiga gasar . A lokacin da yake can, ya zama dan wasa na farko a Blackpool kuma ya zama wanda magoya bayan kulob din suka fi so. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2001, an yi ta rade-radin cewa Shittu zai bar Charlton, inda Blackpool ke sha'awar sayensa, amma wannan matakin bai yi nasara ba. Amma a watan Oktoba na 2001, an ba shi aro ga Queens Park Rangers . === Queens Park Rangers === Wasan farko da Shittu ya fara yi wa Rangers a matsayin aro, a wasan da suka yi da Peterborough a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 2001 a wasan da suka buga na Football League One, bai yi wa 'yan wasan dadi ba, inda aka kore shi a minti na 83. Kwallonsa ta farko ta zo ne a Chesterfield a ranar 15 ga Disamba 2001 a wasan da aka sake korarsa. QPR ta sayi ayyukansa na dindindin akan £350,000 a watan Janairun 2002. 'Yan'uwan Alex da Matt Winton ne suka saye shi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Gerry |date=12 January 2002 |title=QPR superfans deliver Shittu on a plate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/jan/13/newsstory.sport1 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> waɗanda suka kuma biya albashin Shittu a kakar wasa ta farko a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2002 |title=Shittu's permanent move |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/q/qpr/1747701.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na dindindin shine wasan gida da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] a ranar 12 ga Janairun 2002, wanda ya sa QPR ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. Shittu ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a QPR a matsayin ɗan wasa na dindindin a ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2002, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-2 a kan Notts County . A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2001-02, Shittu ya ci gaba da buga wasanni ashirin da bakwai kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a duk gasa. Shittu ya ci gaba da yin nasara sosai a Loftus Road, inda ya zama abin da magoya baya suka fi so saboda ƙarfinsa da kuma ƙarfinsa a tsakiyar 'yan wasan baya. A kakar wasa ta 2002-03, Shittu ya fara kakar wasa da kyau lokacin da ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa, a wasan da suka doke Mansfield Town da ci 4-0 a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2002 kuma ya sake zira kwallaye makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2002, a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2017 |title=LAST TIME OUT: QPR 3, HUDDERSFIELD 0 |url=http://www.qpr.co.uk/news/article/160114-last-time-out-v-huddersfield-1297532.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407231606/http://www.qpr.co.uk/news/article/160114-last-time-out-v-huddersfield-1297532.aspx |archive-date=7 April 2017 |access-date=12 April 2017 |publisher=Queens Park Rangers F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2003, Shittu ya sake zira kwallaye, a wasan da suka doke Chesterfield da ci 4-2. Shittu ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye uku tsakanin 15 ga Fabrairu, 2003 da 4 ga Maris, 2003, a wasan da suka doke Port Vale, Swindon Town da Huddersfield Town. Shittu ya zura kwallon farko a wasan Derby a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2003, a wasan da suka doke [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin buga wasanni uku, saboda raunin da ya samu a watan Nuwamba, Ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tawagar da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar Division Two a 2003 inda Cardiff <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2003 |title=Cardiff seal promotion |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_2/3051017.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> da kungiyar da ta lashe gasar suka sha kashi a hannun Rangers a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya buga wasanni 182 a kakar wasa hudu kuma ya zura kwallaye 17. A kakar wasa ta 2003-04, Shittu ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar har sai da ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni a ƙarshen Satumba, wanda ya samu nasara a kan Sheffield United da ci 2-0 a gasar League Cup. A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2003 ya koma ƙungiyar farko, inda ya maye gurbinsa a karo na biyu, a wasan da suka doke Plymouth Argyle da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, Shittu ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar har sai da ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2003-04, Shittu ya buga wasanni ashirin da huɗu a dukkan gasa kuma aka ɗaukaka ƙungiyar zuwa Gasar Zakarun Turai bayan ta zo ta biyu. Kafin kakar wasa ta 2004-05, Shittu ya dawo cikin koshin lafiya lokacin da ya koma atisaye kuma yana fatan ya dawo wasa. Duk da haka, Shittu ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin 'yan wasan da ba su da kwarewa a kungiyar. A ranar 18 ga Satumba 2004, ya koma kungiyar farko, inda ya koma a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti na 78, a wasan da suka doke [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] da ci 3-2. Bayan wasan, Shittu ya yaba wa dan wasan Rugby na Ingila Lawrence Dallaglio a matsayin wanda ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa don murmurewa raunin da ya samu. Duk da haka, a watan Oktoba, Shittu ya ji rauni a gwiwarsa a lokacin da suka doke [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi jinyar makonni shida. Bayan komawa ƙungiyar farko a watan da ya biyo baya, Shittu ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2004, a wasan da suka doke Cardiff City da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya zama ƙwallon da suka ci nasara kuma ya sake zira kwallo a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2004, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] . Shittu ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye biyu daga baya a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da Ipswich Town da [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] . A kakar wasa ta 2004-05, Shittu ya sami damar sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar tun bayan dawowarsa daga rauni kuma ya ci gaba da buga wasanni talatin da bakwai tare da zura kwallaye sau huɗu a duk gasa. A kakar wasa ta 2005-06, Shittu ya sami jan kati a minti na 54 saboda keta, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-0 a hannun Coventry City a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2005. Bayan dakatar da shi wasa daya, Shittu ya koma kungiyar farko daga dakatarwa sannan ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Southampton a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2005. Shittu ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye biyu a karshen shekarar 2005 da Preston North End da Watford. A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2006, Shittu ya zura kwallonsa ta hudu a kakar wasa ta bana, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-2 da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] . Duk da rashin samun damar buga wasa daya a gasar (inda ya buga wasanni 45 a gasar), Shittu ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 46 kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu a dukkan gasannin. A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2006, Shittu ya zama batun hasashen siyan ɗan wasa daga ƙungiyoyin [[Premier League]], amma ƙungiyar ba za ta sayar da shi kan ƙasa da fam miliyan 3 ba. A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2006, Queens Park Rangers ta amince da tayin fam miliyan 1.5 da West Bromwich Albion ta yi, wanda tayin zai iya kaiwa fam miliyan 3, bisa ga aikinsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f8cznha1q6nigx0zoc2t6hn3tp6ha5b 0 152639 841257 2026-05-28T09:03:13Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342173421|Igbo highlife]]" 841257 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Igbo Highlife'''wani salon kiɗa ne na zamani wanda ya haɗa kiɗan <nowiki>'''Highlife'''</nowiki> da kuma waƙoƙin gargajiyar al’ummar Igbo. Wannan salon kiɗa ya fi karkata ga amfani da guitar, tare da wata irin haɗaɗɗiyar murya ta musamman tsakanin kayan busa da tsarin rerawa.<ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}</ref><ref name="ig higher">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2014 |title=Video Abaraka Guitar Band of Nigeria (Nigeria) – Egwu Ndidi (80′s Evergreen Igbo Highlife!) |url=http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201204/http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Peganabenga.com.br}}</ref> Waƙoƙin Igbo Highlife galibi ana rerawa ne da harshen Igbo, tare da ɗan haɗa harshen Turancin Pidgin a wasu lokuta.<ref name="ig high">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Igbo Highlife |url=http://www.globalgroovers.com/category/igbo-highlife |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Global Groove}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaka kuma masu tsara waƙoƙin wannan salo shi ne Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, wanda aikinsa ya shafe sama da shekaru 40. Kundin waƙoƙinsa ya ƙunshi fitattun waƙoƙi masu yawa, ciki har da shahararriyar waƙarsa ta shekarar 1984 mai suna Osondi Owendi, wadda ta ba shi damar shiga sahun manyan mawakan duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jagororin salon Igbo Highlife.<ref name="upi">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2007 |title=Nigeria's Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe dead |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2007/05/19/Nigerias-Chief-Stephen-Osita-Osadebe-dead/UPI-76211179591347/ |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Wani shahararren mawaƙi kuma ɗan guitar, Oliver De Coque, ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ƙirƙira da bunƙasa waƙoƙin zamani na Igbo. Oliver De Coque ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara shaharar Igbo Highlife ta hanyar gabatar da sautukan gargajiyar Igbo cikin tsarin guitar. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai Biri Ka Mbiri, Ana Enwe Obodo Enwe, Nnukwu Mmanwu da Identity, waɗanda suka yi matuƙar fice daga farkon shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, Craig |title=King (Dr.) Chief Oliver de Coque |url=http://allmusic.com/artist/king-dr-chief-oliver-de-coque-mn0001308852/biography |access-date=30 September 2014 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jinsi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gabanta sune, [[Ali Chukwuma]], Bright Chimezie, Dr Sir Warrior, [[Celestine Ukwu]], Nico Mbarga, Oriental Brothers,<ref name="Warrior Oriental">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Dr. Sir Warrior + Oriental Brothers Band ''Vintage Hits Vol 1'' (Nigeria) @ [256k] |url=http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072403/http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=globedia.com}}</ref> Gentleman Mike Ejeagha, Isaac Rogana Ottah, Morocco Maduka, Peacocks Guitar Band International da Ikem Mazeli, da sauransu.<ref name="Warrior Oriental" /><ref name="CU">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Discography of Celestine Ukwu (Celestine Obiakor) |url=http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806133233/http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |publisher=African Music}}</ref><ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 "Ikem Mazeli"]. africaResource. 27 September 2008. Archived from [http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 the original] on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Igbo Highlife a ƙarni na 21 == [[Fayil:Flavour_N'abania.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|N'abania yana yin wasa]] Daga shekarar 2004 zuwa gaba, mawaka irin su Flavour N'abania, J. Martins, Bracket da Wizboyy sun ƙara bai wa salon Igbo Highlife sabon ƙarfi da shahara ta hanyar haɗa shi da sabbin tasirin kiɗa na zamani waɗanda suka wuce tsarin gargajiyar kiɗan Afirka ta Yamma. Misali mafi bayyana shi ne kundin waƙar <nowiki>'''Uplifted'''</nowiki> na Flavour N’abania wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2010 ta hannun Obaino Music/2nite Entertainment. Kundin ya nuna sauyi daga salon waƙarsa ta baya, inda ya haɗa sautukan hip hop, R&B, techno, reggae, dancehall da calypso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muomah |first=Onyinye |date=23 May 2011 |title=Review Of Flavour N'abania Uplifted Album |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085844/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=Nigeria Films}}</ref> Kundin ya samu gagarumar nasarar kasuwanci a duniya baki ɗaya, kuma Flavour ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da ake yawan gayyata zuwa bukukuwa da taruka a nahiyar Afirka. Tare da hauhawar jinsi a cikin roko na al'ada, yawancin MCs masu tasowa musamman daga [[Kasar Inyamurai|Kudu maso Gabas]] da sauran yankunan makwabta sun fara haɗa sauti na rayuwa. Ayyuka irin su Mr Raw (tsohon Dat N.I.G.G.A. Raw), Slow Dogg, [[MC Loph]] da [[2Shotz]] sun taimaka wajen kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin [[Igbo rap|rap na asali]], da sabon rayuwa ta hanyar samar da ayoyi ga waƙoƙi da yawa kuma sau da yawa za su hayar masu ba da sauti na Igbo don raira waƙoƙin kansu. A cikin shekara ta 2011, J Martins ya yi kanun labarai a nahiyar da kuma bayan lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da Cabo Snoop daga [[Angola]] da Fally Ipupa daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Waƙoƙin da ake kira "Good Tym" da "Kele Papa" sun jawo hankali sosai a wannan shekarar, kuma daga baya za su ci gaba da zama magoya baya. A shekara ta 2012, J Martins ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun Afirka ta Yamma, sanannun tauraron kiɗa na duniya. Hanyar da ya yi amfani da ita don yin rikodin rikodin ya kara samun ƙarin magoya baya da girmamawa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, an saki kundi na gabatarwa na Phyno No Guts No Glory . Fim da manyan bayyanar biyu ta N'abania suna ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin "Multiply" da "Authentic"). Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita tun lokacin da aka saki shi. Ya sami Phyno a City People Entertainment Award gabatarwa don Mafi Kyawun Rap Album.<ref name="YNaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=3 May 2014 |title=Album review: Phyno's 'No guts, no glory' is the feel good album of the year |url=http://ynaija.com/album-review-phynos-no-guts-no-glory-is-the-feel-good-album-of-the-year/ |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ikwokirikwo * Owerri Bongo * [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Genres of African popular music}}{{Igbo topics}} [[Rukuni:Inyamurai yan wasa]] fqpqbnzzyd8n427fdzqqym3508osiqk 841258 841257 2026-05-28T09:03:55Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841258 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Igbo Highlife'''wani salon kiɗa ne na zamani wanda ya haɗa kiɗan <nowiki>'''Highlife'''</nowiki> da kuma waƙoƙin gargajiyar al’ummar Igbo. Wannan salon kiɗa ya fi karkata ga amfani da guitar, tare da wata irin haɗaɗɗiyar murya ta musamman tsakanin kayan busa da tsarin rerawa.<ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}</ref><ref name="ig higher">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2014 |title=Video Abaraka Guitar Band of Nigeria (Nigeria) – Egwu Ndidi (80′s Evergreen Igbo Highlife!) |url=http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201204/http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Peganabenga.com.br}}</ref> Waƙoƙin Igbo Highlife galibi ana rerawa ne da harshen Igbo, tare da ɗan haɗa harshen Turancin Pidgin a wasu lokuta.<ref name="ig high">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Igbo Highlife |url=http://www.globalgroovers.com/category/igbo-highlife |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Global Groove}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaka kuma masu tsara waƙoƙin wannan salo shi ne Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, wanda aikinsa ya shafe sama da shekaru 40. Kundin waƙoƙinsa ya ƙunshi fitattun waƙoƙi masu yawa, ciki har da shahararriyar waƙarsa ta shekarar 1984 mai suna Osondi Owendi, wadda ta ba shi damar shiga sahun manyan mawakan duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jagororin salon Igbo Highlife.<ref name="upi">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2007 |title=Nigeria's Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe dead |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2007/05/19/Nigerias-Chief-Stephen-Osita-Osadebe-dead/UPI-76211179591347/ |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Wani shahararren mawaƙi kuma ɗan guitar, Oliver De Coque, ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ƙirƙira da bunƙasa waƙoƙin zamani na Igbo. Oliver De Coque ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara shaharar Igbo Highlife ta hanyar gabatar da sautukan gargajiyar Igbo cikin tsarin guitar. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai Biri Ka Mbiri, Ana Enwe Obodo Enwe, Nnukwu Mmanwu da Identity, waɗanda suka yi matuƙar fice daga farkon shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, Craig |title=King (Dr.) Chief Oliver de Coque |url=http://allmusic.com/artist/king-dr-chief-oliver-de-coque-mn0001308852/biography |access-date=30 September 2014 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jinsi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gabanta sune, [[Ali Chukwuma]], Bright Chimezie, Dr Sir Warrior, [[Celestine Ukwu]], Nico Mbarga, Oriental Brothers,<ref name="Warrior Oriental">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Dr. Sir Warrior + Oriental Brothers Band ''Vintage Hits Vol 1'' (Nigeria) @ [256k] |url=http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072403/http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=globedia.com}}</ref> Gentleman Mike Ejeagha, Isaac Rogana Ottah, Morocco Maduka, Peacocks Guitar Band International da Ikem Mazeli, da sauransu.<ref name="Warrior Oriental" /><ref name="CU">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Discography of Celestine Ukwu (Celestine Obiakor) |url=http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806133233/http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |publisher=African Music}}</ref><ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 "Ikem Mazeli"]. africaResource. 27 September 2008. Archived from [http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 the original] on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Igbo Highlife a ƙarni na 21 == [[Fayil:Flavour_N'abania.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|N'abania yana yin wasa]] Daga shekarar 2004 zuwa gaba, mawaka irin su Flavour N'abania, J. Martins, Bracket da Wizboyy sun ƙara bai wa salon Igbo Highlife sabon ƙarfi da shahara ta hanyar haɗa shi da sabbin tasirin kiɗa na zamani waɗanda suka wuce tsarin gargajiyar kiɗan Afirka ta Yamma. Misali mafi bayyana shi ne kundin waƙar <nowiki>'''Uplifted'''</nowiki> na Flavour N’abania wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2010 ta hannun Obaino Music/2nite Entertainment. Kundin ya nuna sauyi daga salon waƙarsa ta baya, inda ya haɗa sautukan hip hop, R&B, techno, reggae, dancehall da calypso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muomah |first=Onyinye |date=23 May 2011 |title=Review Of Flavour N'abania Uplifted Album |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085844/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=Nigeria Films}}</ref> Kundin ya samu gagarumar nasarar kasuwanci a duniya baki ɗaya, kuma Flavour ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da ake yawan gayyata zuwa bukukuwa da taruka a nahiyar Afirka. Tare da hauhawar jinsi a cikin roko na al'ada, yawancin MCs masu tasowa musamman daga [[Kasar Inyamurai|Kudu maso Gabas]] da sauran yankunan makwabta sun fara haɗa sauti na rayuwa. Ayyuka irin su Mr Raw (tsohon Dat N.I.G.G.A. Raw), Slow Dogg, [[MC Loph]] da [[2Shotz]] sun taimaka wajen kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin [[Igbo rap|rap na asali]], da sabon rayuwa ta hanyar samar da ayoyi ga waƙoƙi da yawa kuma sau da yawa za su hayar masu ba da sauti na Igbo don raira waƙoƙin kansu. A cikin shekara ta 2011, J Martins ya yi kanun labarai a nahiyar da kuma bayan lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da Cabo Snoop daga [[Angola]] da Fally Ipupa daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Waƙoƙin da ake kira "Good Tym" da "Kele Papa" sun jawo hankali sosai a wannan shekarar, kuma daga baya za su ci gaba da zama magoya baya. A shekara ta 2012, J Martins ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun Afirka ta Yamma, sanannun tauraron kiɗa na duniya. Hanyar da ya yi amfani da ita don yin rikodin rikodin ya kara samun ƙarin magoya baya da girmamawa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, an saki kundi na gabatarwa na Phyno No Guts No Glory . Fim da manyan bayyanar biyu ta N'abania suna ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin "Multiply" da "Authentic"). Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita tun lokacin da aka saki shi. Ya sami Phyno a City People Entertainment Award gabatarwa don Mafi Kyawun Rap Album.<ref name="YNaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=3 May 2014 |title=Album review: Phyno's 'No guts, no glory' is the feel good album of the year |url=http://ynaija.com/album-review-phynos-no-guts-no-glory-is-the-feel-good-album-of-the-year/ |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ikwokirikwo * Owerri Bongo * [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Genres of African popular music}}{{Igbo topics}} [[Rukuni:Inyamurai yan wasa]] 7hycv8cijv6ig74yv0yqe0jqulyx9aq 841259 841258 2026-05-28T09:04:10Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841259 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Igbo Highlife'''wani salon kiɗa ne na zamani wanda ya haɗa kiɗan <nowiki>'''Highlife'''</nowiki> da kuma waƙoƙin gargajiyar al’ummar Igbo. Wannan salon kiɗa ya fi karkata ga amfani da guitar, tare da wata irin haɗaɗɗiyar murya ta musamman tsakanin kayan busa da tsarin rerawa.<ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}</ref><ref name="ig higher">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2014 |title=Video Abaraka Guitar Band of Nigeria (Nigeria) – Egwu Ndidi (80′s Evergreen Igbo Highlife!) |url=http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201204/http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Peganabenga.com.br}}</ref> Waƙoƙin Igbo Highlife galibi ana rerawa ne da harshen Igbo, tare da ɗan haɗa harshen Turancin Pidgin a wasu lokuta.<ref name="ig high">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Igbo Highlife |url=http://www.globalgroovers.com/category/igbo-highlife |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Global Groove}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaka kuma masu tsara waƙoƙin wannan salo shi ne Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, wanda aikinsa ya shafe sama da shekaru 40. Kundin waƙoƙinsa ya ƙunshi fitattun waƙoƙi masu yawa, ciki har da shahararriyar waƙarsa ta shekarar 1984 mai suna Osondi Owendi, wadda ta ba shi damar shiga sahun manyan mawakan duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jagororin salon Igbo Highlife.<ref name="upi">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2007 |title=Nigeria's Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe dead |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2007/05/19/Nigerias-Chief-Stephen-Osita-Osadebe-dead/UPI-76211179591347/ |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Wani shahararren mawaƙi kuma ɗan guitar, Oliver De Coque, ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ƙirƙira da bunƙasa waƙoƙin zamani na Igbo. Oliver De Coque ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara shaharar Igbo Highlife ta hanyar gabatar da sautukan gargajiyar Igbo cikin tsarin guitar. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai Biri Ka Mbiri, Ana Enwe Obodo Enwe, Nnukwu Mmanwu da Identity, waɗanda suka yi matuƙar fice daga farkon shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, Craig |title=King (Dr.) Chief Oliver de Coque |url=http://allmusic.com/artist/king-dr-chief-oliver-de-coque-mn0001308852/biography |access-date=30 September 2014 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jinsi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gabanta sune, [[Ali Chukwuma]], Bright Chimezie, Dr Sir Warrior, [[Celestine Ukwu]], Nico Mbarga, Oriental Brothers,<ref name="Warrior Oriental">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Dr. Sir Warrior + Oriental Brothers Band ''Vintage Hits Vol 1'' (Nigeria) @ [256k] |url=http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072403/http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=globedia.com}}</ref> Gentleman Mike Ejeagha, Isaac Rogana Ottah, Morocco Maduka, Peacocks Guitar Band International da Ikem Mazeli, da sauransu.<ref name="Warrior Oriental" /><ref name="CU">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Discography of Celestine Ukwu (Celestine Obiakor) |url=http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806133233/http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |publisher=African Music}}</ref><ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 "Ikem Mazeli"]. africaResource. 27 September 2008. Archived from [http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 the original] on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Igbo Highlife a ƙarni na 21 == [[Fayil:Flavour_N'abania.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|N'abania yana yin wasa]] Daga shekarar 2004 zuwa gaba, mawaka irin su Flavour N'abania, J. Martins, Bracket da Wizboyy sun ƙara bai wa salon Igbo Highlife sabon ƙarfi da shahara ta hanyar haɗa shi da sabbin tasirin kiɗa na zamani waɗanda suka wuce tsarin gargajiyar kiɗan Afirka ta Yamma. Misali mafi bayyana shi ne kundin waƙar <nowiki>'''Uplifted'''</nowiki> na Flavour N’abania wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2010 ta hannun Obaino Music/2nite Entertainment. Kundin ya nuna sauyi daga salon waƙarsa ta baya, inda ya haɗa sautukan hip hop, R&B, techno, reggae, dancehall da calypso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muomah |first=Onyinye |date=23 May 2011 |title=Review Of Flavour N'abania Uplifted Album |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085844/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=Nigeria Films}}</ref> Kundin ya samu gagarumar nasarar kasuwanci a duniya baki ɗaya, kuma Flavour ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da ake yawan gayyata zuwa bukukuwa da taruka a nahiyar Afirka. Tare da hauhawar jinsi a cikin roko na al'ada, yawancin MCs masu tasowa musamman daga [[Kasar Inyamurai|Kudu maso Gabas]] da sauran yankunan makwabta sun fara haɗa sauti na rayuwa. Ayyuka irin su Mr Raw (tsohon Dat N.I.G.G.A. Raw), Slow Dogg, [[MC Loph]] da [[2Shotz]] sun taimaka wajen kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin [[Igbo rap|rap na asali]], da sabon rayuwa ta hanyar samar da ayoyi ga waƙoƙi da yawa kuma sau da yawa za su hayar masu ba da sauti na Igbo don raira waƙoƙin kansu. A cikin shekara ta 2011, J Martins ya yi kanun labarai a nahiyar da kuma bayan lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da Cabo Snoop daga [[Angola]] da Fally Ipupa daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Waƙoƙin da ake kira "Good Tym" da "Kele Papa" sun jawo hankali sosai a wannan shekarar, kuma daga baya za su ci gaba da zama magoya baya. A shekara ta 2012, J Martins ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun Afirka ta Yamma, sanannun tauraron kiɗa na duniya. Hanyar da ya yi amfani da ita don yin rikodin rikodin ya kara samun ƙarin magoya baya da girmamawa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, an saki kundi na gabatarwa na Phyno No Guts No Glory . Fim da manyan bayyanar biyu ta N'abania suna ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin "Multiply" da "Authentic"). Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita tun lokacin da aka saki shi. Ya sami Phyno a City People Entertainment Award gabatarwa don Mafi Kyawun Rap Album.<ref name="YNaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=3 May 2014 |title=Album review: Phyno's 'No guts, no glory' is the feel good album of the year |url=http://ynaija.com/album-review-phynos-no-guts-no-glory-is-the-feel-good-album-of-the-year/ |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ikwokirikwo * Owerri Bongo * [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Genres of African popular music}} [[Rukuni:Inyamurai yan wasa]] 4eszz8bik1ai4roy6wui4nb9yqemsv0 841260 841259 2026-05-28T09:04:36Z Al husuna 36457 841260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Igbo Highlife'''wani salon kiɗa ne na zamani wanda ya haɗa kiɗan <nowiki>'''Highlife'''</nowiki> da kuma waƙoƙin gargajiyar al’ummar Igbo. Wannan salon kiɗa ya fi karkata ga amfani da guitar, tare da wata irin haɗaɗɗiyar murya ta musamman tsakanin kayan busa da tsarin rerawa.<ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}</ref><ref name="ig higher">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2014 |title=Video Abaraka Guitar Band of Nigeria (Nigeria) – Egwu Ndidi (80′s Evergreen Igbo Highlife!) |url=http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201204/http://peganabenga.com.br/abaraka-guitar-band-of-nigeria-nigeria-egwu-ndidi-80s-evergreen-igbo-highlife/ |archive-date=28 June 2015 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Peganabenga.com.br}}</ref> Waƙoƙin Igbo Highlife galibi ana rerawa ne da harshen Igbo, tare da ɗan haɗa harshen Turancin Pidgin a wasu lokuta.<ref name="ig high">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Igbo Highlife |url=http://www.globalgroovers.com/category/igbo-highlife |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Global Groove}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaka kuma masu tsara waƙoƙin wannan salo shi ne Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe, wanda aikinsa ya shafe sama da shekaru 40. Kundin waƙoƙinsa ya ƙunshi fitattun waƙoƙi masu yawa, ciki har da shahararriyar waƙarsa ta shekarar 1984 mai suna Osondi Owendi, wadda ta ba shi damar shiga sahun manyan mawakan duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jagororin salon Igbo Highlife.<ref name="upi">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2007 |title=Nigeria's Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe dead |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2007/05/19/Nigerias-Chief-Stephen-Osita-Osadebe-dead/UPI-76211179591347/ |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Wani shahararren mawaƙi kuma ɗan guitar, Oliver De Coque, ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ƙirƙira da bunƙasa waƙoƙin zamani na Igbo. Oliver De Coque ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara shaharar Igbo Highlife ta hanyar gabatar da sautukan gargajiyar Igbo cikin tsarin guitar. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai Biri Ka Mbiri, Ana Enwe Obodo Enwe, Nnukwu Mmanwu da Identity, waɗanda suka yi matuƙar fice daga farkon shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, Craig |title=King (Dr.) Chief Oliver de Coque |url=http://allmusic.com/artist/king-dr-chief-oliver-de-coque-mn0001308852/biography |access-date=30 September 2014 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jinsi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gabanta sune, [[Ali Chukwuma]], Bright Chimezie, Dr Sir Warrior, [[Celestine Ukwu]], Nico Mbarga, Oriental Brothers,<ref name="Warrior Oriental">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Dr. Sir Warrior + Oriental Brothers Band ''Vintage Hits Vol 1'' (Nigeria) @ [256k] |url=http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072403/http://globedia.com/sir-warrior-oriental-brothers-band-vintage-hits-vol-nigeria-256k |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=globedia.com}}</ref> Gentleman Mike Ejeagha, Isaac Rogana Ottah, Morocco Maduka, Peacocks Guitar Band International da Ikem Mazeli, da sauransu.<ref name="Warrior Oriental" /><ref name="CU">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Discography of Celestine Ukwu (Celestine Obiakor) |url=http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806133233/http://biochem.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~endo/EAUkwu.html |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 |publisher=African Music}}</ref><ref name="mazeli">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2008 |title=Ikem Mazeli |url=http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=africaResource}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006143131/http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 "Ikem Mazeli"]. africaResource. 27 September 2008. Archived from [http://www.africaresource.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=660:ikem-mazeli&catid=125&Itemid=358 the original] on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Igbo Highlife a ƙarni na 21 == [[Fayil:Flavour_N'abania.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px|N'abania yana yin wasa]] Daga shekarar 2004 zuwa gaba, mawaka irin su Flavour N'abania, J. Martins, Bracket da Wizboyy sun ƙara bai wa salon Igbo Highlife sabon ƙarfi da shahara ta hanyar haɗa shi da sabbin tasirin kiɗa na zamani waɗanda suka wuce tsarin gargajiyar kiɗan Afirka ta Yamma. Misali mafi bayyana shi ne kundin waƙar <nowiki>'''Uplifted'''</nowiki> na Flavour N’abania wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2010 ta hannun Obaino Music/2nite Entertainment. Kundin ya nuna sauyi daga salon waƙarsa ta baya, inda ya haɗa sautukan hip hop, R&B, techno, reggae, dancehall da calypso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muomah |first=Onyinye |date=23 May 2011 |title=Review Of Flavour N'abania Uplifted Album |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717085844/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/11808/7/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album.html |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=Nigeria Films}}</ref> Kundin ya samu gagarumar nasarar kasuwanci a duniya baki ɗaya, kuma Flavour ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da ake yawan gayyata zuwa bukukuwa da taruka a nahiyar Afirka. Tare da hauhawar jinsi a cikin roko na al'ada, yawancin MCs masu tasowa musamman daga [[Kasar Inyamurai|Kudu maso Gabas]] da sauran yankunan makwabta sun fara haɗa sauti na rayuwa. Ayyuka irin su Mr Raw (tsohon Dat N.I.G.G.A. Raw), Slow Dogg, [[MC Loph]] da [[2Shotz]] sun taimaka wajen kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin [[Igbo rap|rap na asali]], da sabon rayuwa ta hanyar samar da ayoyi ga waƙoƙi da yawa kuma sau da yawa za su hayar masu ba da sauti na Igbo don raira waƙoƙin kansu. A cikin shekara ta 2011, J Martins ya yi kanun labarai a nahiyar da kuma bayan lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da Cabo Snoop daga [[Angola]] da Fally Ipupa daga [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Waƙoƙin da ake kira "Good Tym" da "Kele Papa" sun jawo hankali sosai a wannan shekarar, kuma daga baya za su ci gaba da zama magoya baya. A shekara ta 2012, J Martins ya zama daya daga cikin sanannun Afirka ta Yamma, sanannun tauraron kiɗa na duniya. Hanyar da ya yi amfani da ita don yin rikodin rikodin ya kara samun ƙarin magoya baya da girmamawa. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, an saki kundi na gabatarwa na Phyno No Guts No Glory . Fim da manyan bayyanar biyu ta N'abania suna ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin "Multiply" da "Authentic"). Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita tun lokacin da aka saki shi. Ya sami Phyno a City People Entertainment Award gabatarwa don Mafi Kyawun Rap Album.<ref name="YNaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=3 May 2014 |title=Album review: Phyno's 'No guts, no glory' is the feel good album of the year |url=http://ynaija.com/album-review-phynos-no-guts-no-glory-is-the-feel-good-album-of-the-year/ |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ikwokirikwo * Owerri Bongo * [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]] * [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Genres of African popular music}} [[Rukuni:Inyamurai]] efg7rx2lte63i7djbh7cmhc2fkw19rj 0 152640 841261 2026-05-28T09:04:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302579979|Lake Alaotra]]" 841261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Alaotra''' ( Malagasy , {{IPA|mg|faˈrihin ˈaloʈʂə̥|}} ; French ) ita ce [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], wanda ke yankin Alaotra-Mangoro da kuma kan tudun arewacin tsakiyar tsibirin. Tafkinsa ya ƙunshi tafkuna masu ƙarancin ruwa da dausayi waɗanda ke kewaye da wuraren da ciyayi masu yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aythya innotata - Range & Habitat |url=http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155141/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2006-12-24}}</ref> Yana zama cibiyar yankin da ke noman shinkafa mafi mahimmanci a tsibirin. Yana da wadataccen wurin zama ga namun daji, gami da wasu nau'ikan halittu masu wahalar samu da kuma waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa, da kuma muhimmin wurin kamun kifi. Tafkin Alaotra da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi sun kai {{Convert|7223|km2}}, kuma ya haɗa da wurare daban-daban, ciki har da ruwa a buɗe, gadajen reshe, fadama, da filayen [[shinkafa]] . Tafkin da kansa ya mamaye {{Convert|900|km2}} . An ayyana tafkin Alaotra a matsayin ƙasa mai dausayi mai mahimmanci ga duniya a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta duniya a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2003. An gabatar da [[Oreochromis macrochir|longfin tilapia]] (Oreochromis macrochir) a cikin Tafkin Alaotra daga cikin ƙasa a cikin 1954 kuma ya karu da sauri. A shekara ta 1957, ya samar da kashi 46% na kamawa, watakila saboda yana motsawa cikin wani wuri mara amfani a matsayin nau'in phytophagous. Filin da ke kewaye da tafkin Alaotra shine yankin da ya fi muhimmanci wajen noman shinkafa a Madagascar. Tuddan da ke kewaye da tafkin a dazuzzuka ne amma galibi an share su ne don amfanin gona a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. [[Zaizayar Kasa|Zaftarewar ƙasa]] mai tsanani a waɗannan tsaunukan da ke cikin mawuyacin hali ya haifar da ambaliya mai yawa a tafkin, wanda ke ɓacewa da sauri; yanzu tafkin ya kai {{Convert|60|cm}} kacal. zurfi a lokacin rani. Matsi na ƙirƙirar filayen shinkafa da yawa ya sa mazauna yankin suka ƙona gadajen ciyawa da ke kewaye da tafkin. Waɗannan gadajen ciyawa suna samar da wurin zama na musamman na lemur mai laushi na Alaotra ( ''Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis'' ). Lemur mai laushi na Alaotra yanzu an iyakance shi zuwa {{Convert|220|km2}} kawai. na sauran gadajen reshe, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan jama'arta ya ragu da sauri da kashi 60%, daga kimanin mutane 7,500 a 1994 zuwa 3,000 a 2001, galibi daga asarar muhalli, amma kuma daga farautar mazauna karkara. Tafkin shine nau'in yankin malam buɗe ido ''Artitropa alaotrana'' kuma muhimmiyar wurin zama amma ana ƙara barazana ga tsuntsayen ruwa, gami da Duck din Meller mai haɗari (''Anas melleri''). Nau'in tsuntsayen ruwa guda biyu sun kasance a arewacin Madagascar, Madagascar pochard (''Aythya innotata'') da Alaotra grebe (''Tachybaptus rufolavatus''). Madagascar pochard yanzu yana cikin haɗari kuma ba a sake samunsa a tafkin ba, kodayake ƙananan lambobi suna wanzu a wasu wurare. An ayyana Alaotra grebe a cikin shekara ta 2010. Yankin tafkin na iya zama kawai mazauninta. [[Ambato River (Madagascar)|Kogin Ambato]] yana ba da ruwa ga tafkin kuma yana fitar da shi. Bayan kilomita 381, kogin yana gudana cikin [[Tekun Indiya]].&nbsp; == Manazarta == fc4nhzr2w5y554hy1oe8lgg5ii13ml2 841262 841261 2026-05-28T09:05:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 841262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Alaotra''' ( Malagasy , {{IPA|mg|faˈrihin ˈaloʈʂə̥|}} ; French ) ita ce [[tafki]] mafi girma a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], wanda ke yankin Alaotra-Mangoro da kuma kan tudun arewacin tsakiyar tsibirin. Tafkinsa ya ƙunshi tafkuna masu ƙarancin ruwa da dausayi waɗanda ke kewaye da wuraren da ciyayi masu yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aythya innotata - Range & Habitat |url=http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155141/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2006-12-24}}</ref> Yana zama cibiyar yankin da ke noman shinkafa mafi mahimmanci a tsibirin. Yana da wadataccen wurin zama ga namun daji, gami da wasu nau'ikan halittu masu wahalar samu da kuma waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar ɓacewa, da kuma muhimmin wurin kamun kifi. Tafkin Alaotra da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi sun kai {{Convert|7223|km2}}, kuma ya haɗa da wurare daban-daban, ciki har da ruwa a buɗe, gadajen reshe, fadama, da filayen [[shinkafa]] . Tafkin da kansa ya mamaye {{Convert|900|km2}} . An ayyana tafkin Alaotra a matsayin ƙasa mai dausayi mai mahimmanci ga duniya a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta duniya a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2003. An gabatar da [[Oreochromis macrochir|longfin tilapia]] (Oreochromis macrochir) a cikin Tafkin Alaotra daga cikin ƙasa a cikin 1954 kuma ya karu da sauri. A shekara ta 1957, ya samar da kashi 46% na kamawa, watakila saboda yana motsawa cikin wani wuri mara amfani a matsayin nau'in phytophagous. Filin da ke kewaye da tafkin Alaotra shine yankin da ya fi muhimmanci wajen noman shinkafa a Madagascar. Tuddan da ke kewaye da tafkin a dazuzzuka ne amma galibi an share su ne don amfanin gona a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. [[Zaizayar Kasa|Zaftarewar ƙasa]] mai tsanani a waɗannan tsaunukan da ke cikin mawuyacin hali ya haifar da ambaliya mai yawa a tafkin, wanda ke ɓacewa da sauri; yanzu tafkin ya kai {{Convert|60|cm}} kacal. zurfi a lokacin rani. Matsi na ƙirƙirar filayen shinkafa da yawa ya sa mazauna yankin suka ƙona gadajen ciyawa da ke kewaye da tafkin. Waɗannan gadajen ciyawa suna samar da wurin zama na musamman na lemur mai laushi na Alaotra ( ''Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis'' ). Lemur mai laushi na Alaotra yanzu an iyakance shi zuwa {{Convert|220|km2}} kawai. na sauran gadajen reshe, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan jama'arta ya ragu da sauri da kashi 60%, daga kimanin mutane 7,500 a 1994 zuwa 3,000 a 2001, galibi daga asarar muhalli, amma kuma daga farautar mazauna karkara. Tafkin shine nau'in yankin malam buɗe ido ''Artitropa alaotrana'' kuma muhimmiyar wurin zama amma ana ƙara barazana ga tsuntsayen ruwa, gami da Duck din Meller mai haɗari (''Anas melleri''). Nau'in tsuntsayen ruwa guda biyu sun kasance a arewacin Madagascar, Madagascar pochard (''Aythya innotata'') da Alaotra grebe (''Tachybaptus rufolavatus''). Madagascar pochard yanzu yana cikin haɗari kuma ba a sake samunsa a tafkin ba, kodayake ƙananan lambobi suna wanzu a wasu wurare. An ayyana Alaotra grebe a cikin shekara ta 2010. Yankin tafkin na iya zama kawai mazauninta. [[Ambato River (Madagascar)|Kogin Ambato]] yana ba da ruwa ga tafkin kuma yana fitar da shi. Bayan kilomita 381, kogin yana gudana cikin [[Tekun Indiya]].&nbsp; == Manazarta == hzp1yd6cw39brnaz35rb056hjc05121 0 152641 841263 2026-05-28T09:06:18Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351093361|Sam Sodje]]" 841263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okeremute Samuel Sodje''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1979) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . An haife ta a Ingila ga iyayenta 'yan Najeriya, Sodje ta wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === An haifi Sodje a Greenwich, London kuma ya koma Margate a farkon kakar wasa ta 2002–03 kuma ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko da kambun kai. Ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na magoya baya a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko da Margate. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2003 |title=Welling United 1–2 Margate (AET) |url=http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/match_report_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1051747200&archive=1306747487&start_from=&ucat=10& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112134620/http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/match_report_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1051747200&archive=1306747487&start_from=&ucat=10& |archive-date=12 January 2016 |access-date=12 December 2013 |publisher=Margate F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2003, ya yi shari'a a Yeovil Town da Chester City, amma babu wata ƙungiya da ta saye shi. Ya koma Margate don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Conference football a kakar wasa ta 2003-04 kuma ya sake burge shi. === Brentford === A farkon kakar wasa ta 2004-05, ya koma ƙungiyar Margate zuwa ƙungiyar [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] ta League One a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta . Ya shahara da magoya bayan Brentford ta hanyar haɗakar kwallayen da ya zura a raga, da kuma salon gyaran gashinsa na ban mamaki. A ƙarshen wannan kakar, ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a jaridar ƙasar, kuma a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2005-06, an karrama shi da matsayi a ƙungiyar PFA League One ta shekara. === Karatu === An bayyana cewa Sodje ya ƙi komawa Southampton a ranar 31 ga Janairu 2006, ranar ƙarshe ta lokacin canja wurin. An ci gaba da rade-radin canja wurin har sai da aka sanar a ranar 12 ga Yuli 2006 cewa Sodje zai koma Reading, idan aka duba lafiyarsa; an kammala canja wurin a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2006 |title=Sam Sodje has completed his £350,00 move from Brentford to Reading |url=http://world.readingfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10306~867903,00.html |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=world.readingfc.co.uk |publisher=Reading F.C.}}</ref> Sodje ya fara buga wa Reading wasa a Wigan Athletic a ranar 26 ga Agusta 2006 saboda dakatarwar da aka yi masa daga wasa, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Reading a wasan da suka yi da Burnley a gasar cin kofin FA a ranar 9 ga Janairu 2007. Duk da haka, damarsa ta farko a kungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 ta gaza, don haka a ranar 16 ga Maris 2007 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro ta wata guda da West Bromwich Albion, wanda daga baya aka tsawaita shi zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2006–07. Yayin da yake can, ya taimaka wa Baggies zuwa wasan karshe na gasar Championship Playoff, wanda suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun Derby County . Ya ci kwallo daya a West Brom, a wasan da suka yi da Norwich City da ci 2-1 a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. A lokacin bazara na 2007, Sheffield Wednesday ta amince da kuɗin da Reading ta biya Sodje, inda aka ba Sodje damar yin tunani game da komawar. Duk da haka, Sodje ya koma Charlton Athletic a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ya fara buga wa Charlton wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Norwich City da ci 2-0 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Wasan da ya yi a wasan da Charlton ta doke Ipswich Town da ci 3-1 a gida a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2007 ya sa ya sami matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar Championship ta mako. A watan Satumba na 2008, Sodje ya koma ƙungiyar Watford ta Championship a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a matsayin mai kare raunin da ƙungiyar ta samu. Ya buga wasa ɗaya a waje da Sheffield United kafin ya koma Reading bayan ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin gwiwa. === Leeds United (aron) === A ranar 26 ga Maris 2009, Sodje ya koma [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a matsayin aro na tsawon wata guda tare da zaɓin tsawaita aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya yi fice a watan farko, an tsawaita aronsa har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. Sodje ya haɗu da Richard Naylor a tsakiya kuma ya ƙulla kyakkyawar alaƙa da shi a lokacin aronsa, duk da cewa Sodje ya buga wasanni 8 kacal a lokacin aronsa da Leeds, gami da wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na playoffs da Millwall === Ya yi wasa na biyu a Charlton Athletic === A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2009, Reading ta shaida wa Sodje cewa yana da 'yancin barin ƙungiyar. Sodje ya dawo kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta zuwa ƙungiyar da yake aro a kakar wasa biyu da suka gabata, Charlton Athletic. Sodje ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] . Ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Greenwich, ta ce ƙungiyar tana cikin jinina. A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, ɗan'uwan Sodje [[Akpo Sodje|Akpo]] ya haɗu da shi a ƙungiyar a matsayin aro daga Sheffield Wednesday. Sodje yana cikin ƙungiyar Charlton da ta kai zagayen ƙarshe na gasar League 1, an fitar da su daga gasar bayan sun sha kashi a bugun fenariti a hannun Swindon Town . Sodje bai buga wasan kusa da na ƙarshe ba bayan ya ji rauni. Jimilla Sodje ya zira kwallaye huɗu ga Charlton a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. === Skoda Xanthi === A watan Yulin 2010, Sodje ya koma kulob din Skoda Xanthi na Girka, kungiyar kuma ta dauki George Boateng . Duk da haka, an sallami Sodje daga kwantiraginsa bayan wata daya da ya koma Xanthi. A ranar 18 ga Agusta, Sodje ya koma Portsmouth a shari'a. Bayan kammala shari'arsa a Portsmouth, Milton Keynes Dons an danganta shi da neman dan wasan. Sannan a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, Sodje ya koma Sheffield Laraba a shari'a, ɗan'uwansa Akpo Sodje ya taɓa bugawa Owls wasa. Bayan ya samu raunuka masu tsanani a lokacin da ake shari'a a Sheffield Wednesday, Owl's ya yanke shawarar kin sayen Sodje. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8vx8lhthvrd62wn9jpppd3hh58bodjw 841264 841263 2026-05-28T09:06:46Z Sardeeq 39275 841264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Okeremute Samuel Sodje''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1979) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . An haife ta a Ingila ga iyayenta 'yan Najeriya, Sodje ta wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === An haifi Sodje a Greenwich, London kuma ya koma Margate a farkon kakar wasa ta 2002–03 kuma ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko da kambun kai. Ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na magoya baya a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko da Margate. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2003 |title=Welling United 1–2 Margate (AET) |url=http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/match_report_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1051747200&archive=1306747487&start_from=&ucat=10& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112134620/http://www.margate-fc.com/content/1st_team/match_report_archives.php?subaction=showfull&id=1051747200&archive=1306747487&start_from=&ucat=10& |archive-date=12 January 2016 |access-date=12 December 2013 |publisher=Margate F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2003, ya yi shari'a a Yeovil Town da Chester City, amma babu wata ƙungiya da ta saye shi. Ya koma Margate don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Conference football a kakar wasa ta 2003-04 kuma ya sake burge shi. === Brentford === A farkon kakar wasa ta 2004-05, ya koma ƙungiyar Margate zuwa ƙungiyar [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] ta League One a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta . Ya shahara da magoya bayan Brentford ta hanyar haɗakar kwallayen da ya zura a raga, da kuma salon gyaran gashinsa na ban mamaki. A ƙarshen wannan kakar, ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a jaridar ƙasar, kuma a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2005-06, an karrama shi da matsayi a ƙungiyar PFA League One ta shekara. === Karatu === An bayyana cewa Sodje ya ƙi komawa Southampton a ranar 31 ga Janairu 2006, ranar ƙarshe ta lokacin canja wurin. An ci gaba da rade-radin canja wurin har sai da aka sanar a ranar 12 ga Yuli 2006 cewa Sodje zai koma Reading, idan aka duba lafiyarsa; an kammala canja wurin a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2006 |title=Sam Sodje has completed his £350,00 move from Brentford to Reading |url=http://world.readingfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10306~867903,00.html |access-date=10 April 2018 |website=world.readingfc.co.uk |publisher=Reading F.C.}}</ref> Sodje ya fara buga wa Reading wasa a Wigan Athletic a ranar 26 ga Agusta 2006 saboda dakatarwar da aka yi masa daga wasa, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a Reading a wasan da suka yi da Burnley a gasar cin kofin FA a ranar 9 ga Janairu 2007. Duk da haka, damarsa ta farko a kungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 ta gaza, don haka a ranar 16 ga Maris 2007 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro ta wata guda da West Bromwich Albion, wanda daga baya aka tsawaita shi zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2006–07. Yayin da yake can, ya taimaka wa Baggies zuwa wasan karshe na gasar Championship Playoff, wanda suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun Derby County . Ya ci kwallo daya a West Brom, a wasan da suka yi da Norwich City da ci 2-1 a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. A lokacin bazara na 2007, Sheffield Wednesday ta amince da kuɗin da Reading ta biya Sodje, inda aka ba Sodje damar yin tunani game da komawar. Duk da haka, Sodje ya koma Charlton Athletic a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ya fara buga wa Charlton wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Norwich City da ci 2-0 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Wasan da ya yi a wasan da Charlton ta doke Ipswich Town da ci 3-1 a gida a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2007 ya sa ya sami matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar Championship ta mako. A watan Satumba na 2008, Sodje ya koma ƙungiyar Watford ta Championship a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a matsayin mai kare raunin da ƙungiyar ta samu. Ya buga wasa ɗaya a waje da Sheffield United kafin ya koma Reading bayan ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin gwiwa. === Leeds United (aron) === A ranar 26 ga Maris 2009, Sodje ya koma [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] a matsayin aro na tsawon wata guda tare da zaɓin tsawaita aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya yi fice a watan farko, an tsawaita aronsa har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. Sodje ya haɗu da Richard Naylor a tsakiya kuma ya ƙulla kyakkyawar alaƙa da shi a lokacin aronsa, duk da cewa Sodje ya buga wasanni 8 kacal a lokacin aronsa da Leeds, gami da wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na playoffs da Millwall === Ya yi wasa na biyu a Charlton Athletic === A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2009, Reading ta shaida wa Sodje cewa yana da 'yancin barin ƙungiyar. Sodje ya dawo kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta zuwa ƙungiyar da yake aro a kakar wasa biyu da suka gabata, Charlton Athletic. Sodje ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] . Ƙungiyar da ke zaune a Greenwich, ta ce ƙungiyar tana cikin jinina. A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, ɗan'uwan Sodje [[Akpo Sodje|Akpo]] ya haɗu da shi a ƙungiyar a matsayin aro daga Sheffield Wednesday. Sodje yana cikin ƙungiyar Charlton da ta kai zagayen ƙarshe na gasar League 1, an fitar da su daga gasar bayan sun sha kashi a bugun fenariti a hannun Swindon Town . Sodje bai buga wasan kusa da na ƙarshe ba bayan ya ji rauni. Jimilla Sodje ya zira kwallaye huɗu ga Charlton a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. === Skoda Xanthi === A watan Yulin 2010, Sodje ya koma kulob din Skoda Xanthi na Girka, kungiyar kuma ta dauki George Boateng . Duk da haka, an sallami Sodje daga kwantiraginsa bayan wata daya da ya koma Xanthi. A ranar 18 ga Agusta, Sodje ya koma Portsmouth a shari'a. Bayan kammala shari'arsa a Portsmouth, Milton Keynes Dons an danganta shi da neman dan wasan. Sannan a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, Sodje ya koma Sheffield Laraba a shari'a, ɗan'uwansa Akpo Sodje ya taɓa bugawa Owls wasa. Bayan ya samu raunuka masu tsanani a lokacin da ake shari'a a Sheffield Wednesday, Owl's ya yanke shawarar kin sayen Sodje. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r7k1wwvmewbpzf19omezkfpya122py4 0 152642 841265 2026-05-28T09:06:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346484045|Lake Itasy]]" 841265 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Itasy''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Itasianaka''' tafki ne a tsakiyar Madagascar . Tana cikin Yankin Itasy . Tana cikin kananan hukumomin Ampefy, Soavinandriana, Manazary da Analavory. Tafkin Itasy yana da yanki na hekta 3,500 (acre 8,600). Ita ce tafkin na huɗu mafi girma a Madagascar, bayan tabkuna Alaotra, Kinkony, da Ihotry. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 4 (13 , kuma ya kai har zuwa mita 10 (33 zurfi. Matsayin ruwa ya bambanta a yanayi. Akwai wuraren marshy a kudanci da gabashin tafkin. Tafkin Itasy yana gabashin filin dutsen wuta na Itasy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Volcanism Program Image GVP-11474 |url=https://volcano.si.edu/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-11474 |access-date=2025-05-28}}</ref> Ayyukan dutsen wuta a yankin kwanan nan ne, kuma an kafa tafkin ne lokacin da kwararar dutse ta toshe kogi, ta samar da tafkin a bayansa. Yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin an rufe shi da ƙwayoyin cuta na Strombolian da kuma rufin trachyte. Yankin dutsen wuta a kusa da tafkin yana da ƙananan tabkuna (maars) da peat bogs. gKogin Andranomena da Mariandrano sun shiga cikin tafkin daga gabas. [[Kogin Lily]] shine fitowar tafkin, yana gudana zuwa yamma daga kusurwar arewa maso yammacin tafkin. Lily wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Sakay]], wanda shine wani yanki na Kogin Tsiribihina . Tsiribihina yana gudana zuwa yamma don komai a cikin Mozambique Channel. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Akwai reedbeds a gefen tafkin, wanda ya hada da mafi yawan nau'ikan reed ''Phragmites'' da ''Cyperus'', wanda ke girma har zuwa mita biyu. Har ila yau, akwai mats masu iyo na ruwa-hyacinth ''Eichhornia'' wanda ba na asali ba. An lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 44 a tafkin, gami da nau'in Madagascar guda goma. Tsuntsaye na asali sun haɗa da duck na Meller (''Anas melleri''), Madagascar grebe (''Tachybaptus pelzelnii''), Madagascar flufftail (''Sarothrura insularis''), Madagascar pond heron (''Ardeola idae''), Madagascar snipe (''Gallinago macrodactyla''), da Madagascar marsh harrier (''Circus macrosceles''). An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye. Yanayin tafkin da kogunan da ke kewaye da shi an canza su ta hanyar gurɓataccen yanayi, rushewa da yaduwa, lalacewar mazaunin, da gabatar da nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Kifi na asali ''Ptychochromoides itasy'', wanda aka lura da shi a cikin tafkin a cikin shekarun 1970, an yi la'akari da shi har sai an gano yawan jama'a a cikin Kogin Sakay. == Manazarta == 4dekcl3vb8gty7ivbj884sq35uuf9o6 841266 841265 2026-05-28T09:07:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 841266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Itasy''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Itasianaka''' tafki ne a tsakiyar Madagascar . Tana cikin Yankin Itasy . Tana cikin kananan hukumomin Ampefy, Soavinandriana, Manazary da Analavory. Tafkin Itasy yana da yanki na hekta 3,500 (acre 8,600). Ita ce tafkin na huɗu mafi girma a Madagascar, bayan tabkuna Alaotra, Kinkony, da Ihotry. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin mita 4 (13 , kuma ya kai har zuwa mita 10 (33 zurfi. Matsayin ruwa ya bambanta a yanayi. Akwai wuraren marshy a kudanci da gabashin tafkin. Tafkin Itasy yana gabashin filin dutsen wuta na Itasy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Volcanism Program Image GVP-11474 |url=https://volcano.si.edu/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-11474 |access-date=2025-05-28}}</ref> Ayyukan dutsen wuta a yankin kwanan nan ne, kuma an kafa tafkin ne lokacin da kwararar dutse ta toshe kogi, ta samar da tafkin a bayansa. Yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin an rufe shi da ƙwayoyin cuta na Strombolian da kuma rufin trachyte. Yankin dutsen wuta a kusa da tafkin yana da ƙananan tabkuna (maars) da peat bogs. gKogin Andranomena da Mariandrano sun shiga cikin tafkin daga gabas. [[Kogin Lily]] shine fitowar tafkin, yana gudana zuwa yamma daga kusurwar arewa maso yammacin tafkin. Lily wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Sakay]], wanda shine wani yanki na Kogin Tsiribihina . Tsiribihina yana gudana zuwa yamma don komai a cikin Mozambique Channel. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Akwai reedbeds a gefen tafkin, wanda ya hada da mafi yawan nau'ikan reed ''Phragmites'' da ''Cyperus'', wanda ke girma har zuwa mita biyu. Har ila yau, akwai mats masu iyo na ruwa-hyacinth ''Eichhornia'' wanda ba na asali ba. An lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 44 a tafkin, gami da nau'in Madagascar guda goma. Tsuntsaye na asali sun haɗa da duck na Meller (''Anas melleri''), Madagascar grebe (''Tachybaptus pelzelnii''), Madagascar flufftail (''Sarothrura insularis''), Madagascar pond heron (''Ardeola idae''), Madagascar snipe (''Gallinago macrodactyla''), da Madagascar marsh harrier (''Circus macrosceles''). An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye. Yanayin tafkin da kogunan da ke kewaye da shi an canza su ta hanyar gurɓataccen yanayi, rushewa da yaduwa, lalacewar mazaunin, da gabatar da nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa. Kifi na asali ''Ptychochromoides itasy'', wanda aka lura da shi a cikin tafkin a cikin shekarun 1970, an yi la'akari da shi har sai an gano yawan jama'a a cikin Kogin Sakay. == Manazarta == lmq8zpiwsa4ejbnrafww4ot9olzzzmx 0 152643 841267 2026-05-28T09:08:51Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350005777|Efe Sodje]]" 841267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Efetobore Peter''' " '''Efe''' " '''Sodje''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1972) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] . Ya buga wa ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League wasa, kuma ya shahara da sanya rigar riga, inda aka rubuta masa "Against All Odds". An haife shi a Ingila, ya wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a [[Gasar Kofin Kasashen Afrika ta 2000|gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2000]] da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Efetobore Sodje biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/15719/efetobore-sodje |access-date=2021-06-01 |website=manpower.com.ng}}</ref> Sodje ya fara aikinsa a [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] sannan daga baya ya buga wa [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]], Colchester United, [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]], Huddersfield Town, Yeovil Town, Southend United, Gillingham, [[Bury F.C.|Bury]], Barrow da Macclesfield Town wasa biyu. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Sodje ya fara aikinsa yana bugawa [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] wasa a gasar Conference National, wanda ya sanya hannu a kansa kafin kakar wasa ta 1994-95 . Kafin ya sanya hannu a Stevenage, Sodje ya yi gwaje-gwaje marasa nasara a Wimbledon da [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] . <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Stevenage a duk watan Agusta na 1994, yana jiran izinin shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa kafin ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Daga ƙarshe ya fara wasa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1994, inda ya fara da rashin nasara a hannun Stevenage da ci 1-0 a Welling United . Sodje ya buga wasanni 33 jimilla a kakar wasa ta 1994-95, ya zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a wasan da suka ci Yeovil Town 5-0, wasan da ya fito daga bencin 'yan wasa don ya ci kwallo. Sodje ya ci gaba da zama a Stevenage a kakar wasa mai zuwa, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Conference National, duk da haka za a hana su shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki a filin wasa . A lokacin kakar wasa, ya buga wasanni 49, inda ya zura kwallaye biyar, hudu daga cikinsu sun zo ne a gasar. Kakar wasa ta uku da Sodje ya buga a Stevenage ita ce mafi kyawunsa a fannin zura kwallaye; ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 55 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na uku, inda Macclesfield Town ta doke shi. Sodje ya bar Stevenage a karshen kakar wasa ta bana don ya koma kungiyar Macclesfield Town da aka sabunta. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Ya buga wasanni 138 ga Stevenage a tsawon shekaru uku da ya yi a kungiyar, inda ya zura kwallaye 13. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Sodje ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League, wanda kuma shi ne wasan farko da Macclesfield Town ta buga a gasar. Ya buga wasanni 83 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a Macclesfield Town kafin ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a shekarar 1999; a can, ya buga wasanni 9 kacal kuma an ba shi aro ga Colchester United a wani ɓangare na kakar wasa ta 1999-2000 . Sodje ya buga wasanni uku a Colchester kafin ya koma Luton. Sodje ya koma [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] a shekara ta 2000, inda ya buga wasanni 97 a gasar a tsawon shekaru uku. Kwallonsa ta farko ga Crewe ta zo ne a wasan da suka doke Portsmouth da ci 4-2 a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2001. A lokacin da yake Crewe, an kira Sodje cikin tawagar [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a karon farko a rayuwarsa, kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002 a Japan. === Garin Huddersfield === Sodje ya koma ƙungiyar Huddersfield Town ta Division 3 a wancan lokacin, inda aka naɗa shi kyaftin. Wasansa na farko a Town ya faru ne a wasan da suka doke Derby County da ci 2-1 a zagayen farko na gasar League Cup a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2003. Wasansa na farko a gasar ya faru ne a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Boston United a ranar 16 ga Agusta. Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga Terriers a wasan da suka doke Boston United da ci 2-0 a gida a watan Janairun 2004. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya buga da Terriers, ya taimaka musu su lashe gasar Division Three Play-off. An kuma zaɓe Sodje a cikin ƙungiyar PFA ta 'yan wasan PFA ta rukuni na uku na kakar wasa ta 2003–04 === Southend United === Sodje ya bar Southend bayan faduwa daga gasar Championship a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2007 |title=Hooper offered new Southend deal |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/southend_utd/6661025.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911103657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/southend_utd/6661025.stm |archive-date=11 September 2007 |access-date=16 May 2007 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2007, ya koma ƙungiyar Ligue One ta Gillingham kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2007 |title=Gills bring Sodje to Priestfield |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/g/gillingham/6288662.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824070956/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/g/gillingham/6288662.stm |archive-date=24 August 2007 |access-date=10 July 2007 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Cheltenham Town da ci 1-0 a ranar 11 ga Agusta. A watan Fabrairun 2008 ya koma [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Gillingham website |url=http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/PressReleases/0,,10416~1241284,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215103055/http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/PressReleases/0,,10416~1241284,00.html |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasa a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2008. === Bury === An sanar da hakan a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2008, cewa Gillingham ya dakatar da kwangilarsa. <ref>[http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10416~1337110,00.html Official Gillingham website]{{Dead link|date=April 2019}}</ref> [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu a matsayin dan wasa-koci, a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2008. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11, Alan Knill ya nada shi mataimakin kyaftin na biyu bayan Ryan Lowe . A watan Mayu, 2011 ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru biyu. Ya buga wasa na 500 a gasar a watan Janairun 2012 yana bugawa Bury wasa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Charlton Athletic . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest News |url=http://www.buryfc.co.uk/page/LatestNews/0,,10422~2595591,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503034621/http://www.buryfc.co.uk/page/LatestNews/0,,10422~2595591,00.html |archive-date=3 May 2012 |access-date=1 February 2012}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa Garin Macclesfield === A watan Yunin 2013, Sodje ya koma Macclesfield Town a matsayin mataimakin manaja ga [[John Askey]] ; Sodje shi ma ya yi rijista a matsayin dan wasa a kungiyar Silkmen. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newsham becomes first new Gladiators signing of the summer {{!}} Non League Daily |url=http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?&newsmode=FULL&nid=94212 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525043006/http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=2018-06-04 |website=nonleaguedaily.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya bar kungiyar saboda wasu dalilai da ba a bayyana ba a watan Nuwamban 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2016 |title=Macclesfield Town FC confirm departure of Efe Sodje |url=http://www.macclesfield-express.co.uk/news/macclesfield-town-fc-confirm-departure-11531080 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927105448/http://www.macclesfield-express.co.uk/news/macclesfield-town-fc-confirm-departure-11531080 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |access-date=25 September 2016 |publisher=Macclesfield Express}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] al0je3b5hslpijwx6yrqhdbosfx1sl0 841268 841267 2026-05-28T09:09:09Z Sardeeq 39275 841268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Efetobore Peter''' " '''Efe''' " '''Sodje''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1972) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan tsakiya]] . Ya buga wa ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League wasa, kuma ya shahara da sanya rigar riga, inda aka rubuta masa "Against All Odds". An haife shi a Ingila, ya wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a [[Gasar Kofin Kasashen Afrika ta 2000|gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2000]] da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Efetobore Sodje biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/15719/efetobore-sodje |access-date=2021-06-01 |website=manpower.com.ng}}</ref> Sodje ya fara aikinsa a [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] sannan daga baya ya buga wa [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]], Colchester United, [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]], Huddersfield Town, Yeovil Town, Southend United, Gillingham, [[Bury F.C.|Bury]], Barrow da Macclesfield Town wasa biyu. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Sodje ya fara aikinsa yana bugawa [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] wasa a gasar Conference National, wanda ya sanya hannu a kansa kafin kakar wasa ta 1994-95 . Kafin ya sanya hannu a Stevenage, Sodje ya yi gwaje-gwaje marasa nasara a Wimbledon da [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] . <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Stevenage a duk watan Agusta na 1994, yana jiran izinin shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa kafin ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Daga ƙarshe ya fara wasa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1994, inda ya fara da rashin nasara a hannun Stevenage da ci 1-0 a Welling United . Sodje ya buga wasanni 33 jimilla a kakar wasa ta 1994-95, ya zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a wasan da suka ci Yeovil Town 5-0, wasan da ya fito daga bencin 'yan wasa don ya ci kwallo. Sodje ya ci gaba da zama a Stevenage a kakar wasa mai zuwa, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Conference National, duk da haka za a hana su shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki a filin wasa . A lokacin kakar wasa, ya buga wasanni 49, inda ya zura kwallaye biyar, hudu daga cikinsu sun zo ne a gasar. Kakar wasa ta uku da Sodje ya buga a Stevenage ita ce mafi kyawunsa a fannin zura kwallaye; ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 55 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na uku, inda Macclesfield Town ta doke shi. Sodje ya bar Stevenage a karshen kakar wasa ta bana don ya koma kungiyar Macclesfield Town da aka sabunta. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Ya buga wasanni 138 ga Stevenage a tsawon shekaru uku da ya yi a kungiyar, inda ya zura kwallaye 13. <ref name="Player Guide – Efetobore Sodje" /> Sodje ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Football League, wanda kuma shi ne wasan farko da Macclesfield Town ta buga a gasar. Ya buga wasanni 83 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a Macclesfield Town kafin ya koma [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] a shekarar 1999; a can, ya buga wasanni 9 kacal kuma an ba shi aro ga Colchester United a wani ɓangare na kakar wasa ta 1999-2000 . Sodje ya buga wasanni uku a Colchester kafin ya koma Luton. Sodje ya koma [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] a shekara ta 2000, inda ya buga wasanni 97 a gasar a tsawon shekaru uku. Kwallonsa ta farko ga Crewe ta zo ne a wasan da suka doke Portsmouth da ci 4-2 a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2001. A lokacin da yake Crewe, an kira Sodje cikin tawagar [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] a karon farko a rayuwarsa, kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002 a Japan. === Garin Huddersfield === Sodje ya koma ƙungiyar Huddersfield Town ta Division 3 a wancan lokacin, inda aka naɗa shi kyaftin. Wasansa na farko a Town ya faru ne a wasan da suka doke Derby County da ci 2-1 a zagayen farko na gasar League Cup a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2003. Wasansa na farko a gasar ya faru ne a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Boston United a ranar 16 ga Agusta. Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga Terriers a wasan da suka doke Boston United da ci 2-0 a gida a watan Janairun 2004. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya buga da Terriers, ya taimaka musu su lashe gasar Division Three Play-off. An kuma zaɓe Sodje a cikin ƙungiyar PFA ta 'yan wasan PFA ta rukuni na uku na kakar wasa ta 2003–04 === Southend United === Sodje ya bar Southend bayan faduwa daga gasar Championship a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2007 |title=Hooper offered new Southend deal |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/s/southend_utd/6661025.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911103657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/southend_utd/6661025.stm |archive-date=11 September 2007 |access-date=16 May 2007 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2007, ya koma ƙungiyar Ligue One ta Gillingham kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2007 |title=Gills bring Sodje to Priestfield |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/g/gillingham/6288662.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824070956/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/g/gillingham/6288662.stm |archive-date=24 August 2007 |access-date=10 July 2007 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Cheltenham Town da ci 1-0 a ranar 11 ga Agusta. A watan Fabrairun 2008 ya koma [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Gillingham website |url=http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/PressReleases/0,,10416~1241284,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215103055/http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/PressReleases/0,,10416~1241284,00.html |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasa a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2008. === Bury === An sanar da hakan a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2008, cewa Gillingham ya dakatar da kwangilarsa. <ref>[http://www.gillinghamfootballclub.premiumtv.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10416~1337110,00.html Official Gillingham website]{{Dead link|date=April 2019}}</ref> [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu a matsayin dan wasa-koci, a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2008. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11, Alan Knill ya nada shi mataimakin kyaftin na biyu bayan Ryan Lowe . A watan Mayu, 2011 ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru biyu. Ya buga wasa na 500 a gasar a watan Janairun 2012 yana bugawa Bury wasa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Charlton Athletic . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest News |url=http://www.buryfc.co.uk/page/LatestNews/0,,10422~2595591,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503034621/http://www.buryfc.co.uk/page/LatestNews/0,,10422~2595591,00.html |archive-date=3 May 2012 |access-date=1 February 2012}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa Garin Macclesfield === A watan Yunin 2013, Sodje ya koma Macclesfield Town a matsayin mataimakin manaja ga [[John Askey]] ; Sodje shi ma ya yi rijista a matsayin dan wasa a kungiyar Silkmen. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newsham becomes first new Gladiators signing of the summer {{!}} Non League Daily |url=http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php?&newsmode=FULL&nid=94212 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525043006/http://www.nonleaguedaily.com/news/index.php |archive-date=25 May 2013 |access-date=2018-06-04 |website=nonleaguedaily.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya bar kungiyar saboda wasu dalilai da ba a bayyana ba a watan Nuwamban 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2016 |title=Macclesfield Town FC confirm departure of Efe Sodje |url=http://www.macclesfield-express.co.uk/news/macclesfield-town-fc-confirm-departure-11531080 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927105448/http://www.macclesfield-express.co.uk/news/macclesfield-town-fc-confirm-departure-11531080 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |access-date=25 September 2016 |publisher=Macclesfield Express}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1alybgovl8n7mxptk372w84nc73byok 0 152644 841269 2026-05-28T09:10:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338940828|Lake Chilwa]]" 841269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chilwa''' shine tafkin na biyu mafi girma a [[Malawi]] bayan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] . Yana cikin gabashin Gundumar Zomba, kusa da iyakar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Kimanin kilomita 60 da nisan kilomita 40, tafkin yana kewaye da manyan wuraren da ke da ruwa. Akwai tsibiri a tsakiyar tafkin da ake kira Chisi Island . Tafkin ba shi da mafita, kuma matakin ruwa yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar ruwan sama na yanayi da kuma lokacin rani. A shekara ta 1968, tafkin ya ɓace a lokacin yanayin fari na musamman. Lokacin da David Livingstone ya ziyarci tafkin a shekara ta 1859, ya ba da rahoton cewa iyakar kudancin ta kai har zuwa Mulanje Massif, wanda zai sanya tafkin aƙalla kilomita 32 (20 ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda yake a yau.&nbsp;&nbsp; Hukumar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Denmark, tare da hadin gwiwar Gwamnatin Malawi tana aiki don tabbatar da kiyaye tafkin da wuraren da ke da ruwa. An gabatar da Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Lake Chilwa Basin (LCBCCAP) don kiyaye yankin mai mahimmanci, wanda ba kawai muhimmiyar wuri ce ga namun daji na gida ba, har ma da babbar tushe ga kayayyakin kifi a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme |url=http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305173627/http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-07-31}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == Mafi yawan nau'ikan kifi na Tafkin Chilwa sune Barbus paludinosus, ''Oreochromis shiranus chilwae'', ''Clarias gariepinus'', ''Brycinus imberi'' da ''Gnathonemus.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njaya |first=Friday J. |date=2001 |title=Management options for Lake Chilwa, Malawi |url=http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/fridayprf.pdf |website=UNU Fisheries Training Programme |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa na kusan miliyan 1.5 tare da kimanin nau'o'i 160 daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin wadannan suna ƙaura tare da Hanyar jirgin sama ta Asiya - Gabashin Afirka daga Siberia a kowace shekara. Tare da nau'ikan tsuntsaye goma sha biyu, adadin ya fi 1% na yawan jama'ar su. Yawan mutanen da ke kewaye da su suna da yawa kuma suna girma, kuma ana farautar tsuntsayen ruwa don abinci lokacin da matakin ruwa ya yi ƙasa kuma kamun kifi yana da matsala. Ana yin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa ana farauta ta hanyar da ta dace. == Tattalin Arziki == [[Fayil:Lakechilwa.jpg|thumb|Yammacin gabar Tafkin Chilwa, Tsibirin Chisi a nesa.]] Kimanin ƙauyuka 335 tare da mazauna sama da 60,000 suna yin kamun kifi a tafkin, kuma suna jan sama da tan 17,000 a kowace shekara, 20% na duk kifin da aka kama a Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2012 |title=Livelihoods Drying Up on Malawi's Lake Chilwa {{!}} Inter Press Service |url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/livelihoods-drying-up-on-malawis-lake-chilwa/ |access-date=2015-09-14 |website=www.ipsnews.net}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8djg2f2owtc2tcuo23nuzxjh1mz5s9z 841270 841269 2026-05-28T09:10:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 841270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Chilwa''' shine tafkin na biyu mafi girma a [[Malawi]] bayan [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] . Yana cikin gabashin Gundumar Zomba, kusa da iyakar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Kimanin kilomita 60 da nisan kilomita 40, tafkin yana kewaye da manyan wuraren da ke da ruwa. Akwai tsibiri a tsakiyar tafkin da ake kira Chisi Island . Tafkin ba shi da mafita, kuma matakin ruwa yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar ruwan sama na yanayi da kuma lokacin rani. A shekara ta 1968, tafkin ya ɓace a lokacin yanayin fari na musamman. Lokacin da David Livingstone ya ziyarci tafkin a shekara ta 1859, ya ba da rahoton cewa iyakar kudancin ta kai har zuwa Mulanje Massif, wanda zai sanya tafkin aƙalla kilomita 32 (20 ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda yake a yau.&nbsp;&nbsp; Hukumar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Denmark, tare da hadin gwiwar Gwamnatin Malawi tana aiki don tabbatar da kiyaye tafkin da wuraren da ke da ruwa. An gabatar da Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Lake Chilwa Basin (LCBCCAP) don kiyaye yankin mai mahimmanci, wanda ba kawai muhimmiyar wuri ce ga namun daji na gida ba, har ma da babbar tushe ga kayayyakin kifi a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme |url=http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305173627/http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-07-31}}</ref> == Dabbobi na daji == Mafi yawan nau'ikan kifi na Tafkin Chilwa sune Barbus paludinosus, ''Oreochromis shiranus chilwae'', ''Clarias gariepinus'', ''Brycinus imberi'' da ''Gnathonemus.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njaya |first=Friday J. |date=2001 |title=Management options for Lake Chilwa, Malawi |url=http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/fridayprf.pdf |website=UNU Fisheries Training Programme |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen ruwa na kusan miliyan 1.5 tare da kimanin nau'o'i 160 daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin wadannan suna ƙaura tare da Hanyar jirgin sama ta Asiya - Gabashin Afirka daga Siberia a kowace shekara. Tare da nau'ikan tsuntsaye goma sha biyu, adadin ya fi 1% na yawan jama'ar su. Yawan mutanen da ke kewaye da su suna da yawa kuma suna girma, kuma ana farautar tsuntsayen ruwa don abinci lokacin da matakin ruwa ya yi ƙasa kuma kamun kifi yana da matsala. Ana yin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa ana farauta ta hanyar da ta dace. == Tattalin Arziki == [[Fayil:Lakechilwa.jpg|thumb|Yammacin gabar Tafkin Chilwa, Tsibirin Chisi a nesa.]] Kimanin ƙauyuka 335 tare da mazauna sama da 60,000 suna yin kamun kifi a tafkin, kuma suna jan sama da tan 17,000 a kowace shekara, 20% na duk kifin da aka kama a Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2012 |title=Livelihoods Drying Up on Malawi's Lake Chilwa {{!}} Inter Press Service |url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/livelihoods-drying-up-on-malawis-lake-chilwa/ |access-date=2015-09-14 |website=www.ipsnews.net}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1rexjpngfz4bi3lwv416fpb8sr4gdy3 0 152645 841271 2026-05-28T09:11:26Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340275950|Ukwulu]]" 841271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Ukwulu|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|motto=|imagesize=|image_caption=The Palace of the Monarch of Ukwulu|=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Anambra State]]|subdivision_type2=LGA|subdivision_name2=[[Dunukofia]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Igwe|leader_name=Peter Anukwu Uyanwa|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|6|16|N|6|58|E|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|website=|footnotes=|blank_name_sec1=National language|blank_info_sec1=[[Igbo language|Igbo]]}}<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ukwulu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Ukwulu is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:77.33%;left:38.208%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Ukwulu]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ukwulu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar daidaitawa: 6°16′N 6°58′E / 6.267°N 6.967°E / 6.277; 6.967<span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ukwulu&params=6_16_N_6_58_E_type:city_region:NG-AN <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.267°N 6.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.267; 6.967</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Najeriya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |LGA | class="infobox-data" |[[Dunukofia]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Igwe&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Peter Anukwu Uyanwa |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 ([[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|WAT]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Harshe na ƙasa | class="infobox-data" |[[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]] |} '''Ukwulu''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana da nisan kusan kilomita 13.7 ta hanya daga hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar. [[Inyamurai|Al’ummar Igbo]] ne suka fi rinjaye a yankin. Listenⓘ wani gari ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) na Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 13.7 ta hanyar hanya a arewacin hedikwatar LGA. Gida ce ga [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]]. == Tarihi == Shugaban farko da aka samu bayanan tarihinsa a rubuce a garin shi ne <nowiki>'''Okafor Ozoife''', wanda ya hau mulki a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara a matsayin '''warrant chief''' ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Shi ne ya ayyana iyakokin ƙasar garin ta hanyar kafa alamomin iyaka a manyan sassan yankin. Ya rasu a shekarar 1934, bayan haka kuma shugabannin da ake kira '''President Generals'''</nowiki> waɗanda jama’a ke zaɓa suka ci gaba da mulkin garin har zuwa shekarar 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa sarki (Igwe), wato Dr. Timothy C. Tagbo, wanda aka fi sani da Eze Ukwu I na Ukwulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukwulu |url=http://www.dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001230057/http://dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |archive-date=1 October 2011 |access-date=28 April 2012 |publisher=Dunukofiamustgrow.com}}</ref> Igwe T. C. Tagbo ya rasu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015, kuma an yi jana’izarsa ranar 10 ga Maris 2016. An gudanar da naɗin sabon Igwe ranar 10 ga Yunin 2016, inda aka naɗa Igwe Peter Anukwu Uyanwa a matsayin sabon sarkin gargajiyar garin Ukwulu. A zahiri, yawancin tarihin Ukwulu bai samu rubuce-rubuce ko tsarin adana tarihi a takardu ba. Maimakon haka, kowane iyali yana gadar da tarihinsa da dokokinsa ta hanyar al’adar baka.Tunawa da manyan ayyuka na fitattun sarakuna, tarihin iyalai da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a masarautar ana miƙa su ne daga ƙarni zuwa ƙarni ta hanyar baki. == ƙasa da yanayi == Ukwulu yana iyaka da garuruwan Achalla, Nando, Ukpo, Awkuzu da sauran wasu yankuna. Akwai koguna da rafuka da dama a garin, wasu daga cikinsu na zama iyaka ta halitta tsakanin garin da maƙwabtansa. Daga cikinsu akwai rafin Orira da kogunan Ndibe, Ali da Biobi. A da can, Ukwulu na da ƙauyuka tara, amma wani yaƙi daga waje ya rage su zuwa yadda suke a yau. Har zuwa shekaru uku da suka gabata, akwai ƙauyuka huɗu ne kawai, wato Amagu, Umugama, Amaegbu da Adagbe. Tun daga lokacin ne Iruezeagu ta zama ƙauye mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ya sa yanzu Ukwulu ke da ƙauyuka biyar. Ƙasar yankin na da wadatattun sinadarai masu amfani ga noma, kuma tana tallafa wa noman amfanin gona iri-iri kamar doya, rogo, shinkafa da sauran kayan hatsi masu ɗauke da sinadarin gina jiki. === Tattalin Arziki === Yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne, sai dai an samu ci gaba sosai a fannoni kamar kasuwanci da ilimi. Cibiyar <nowiki>'''Electronics Development Institute of Nigeria (ELDI)'''</nowiki> tana cikin wannan gari. An kammala gina hanyoyi da dama a yankin tare da gadar Kogin Anambra a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Anambra]] 9zc80rpkd65i4gubn2p2mjcvwz7m73w 841275 841271 2026-05-28T09:13:04Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Ukwulu|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|motto=|imagesize=|image_caption=The Palace of the Monarch of Ukwulu|=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Anambra State]]|subdivision_type2=LGA|subdivision_name2=[[Dunukofia]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Igwe|leader_name=Peter Anukwu Uyanwa|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|population_as_of=|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=|population_density_km2=|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|6|16|N|6|58|E|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|website=|footnotes=|blank_name_sec1=National language|blank_info_sec1=[[Igbo language|Igbo]]}}<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Ukwulu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Ukwulu is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:77.33%;left:38.208%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Ukwulu]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ukwulu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar daidaitawa: 6°16′N 6°58′E / 6.267°N 6.967°E / 6.277; 6.967<span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ukwulu&params=6_16_N_6_58_E_type:city_region:NG-AN <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">6°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.267°N 6.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.267; 6.967</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Najeriya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |LGA | class="infobox-data" |[[Dunukofia]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Igwe&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Peter Anukwu Uyanwa |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 ([[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|WAT]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Harshe na ƙasa | class="infobox-data" |[[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]] |} '''Ukwulu''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana da nisan kusan kilomita 13.7 ta hanya daga hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar. [[Inyamurai|Al’ummar Igbo]] ne suka fi rinjaye a yankin. Listenⓘ wani gari ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) na Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 13.7 ta hanyar hanya a arewacin hedikwatar LGA. Gida ce ga [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]]. == Tarihi == Shugaban farko da aka samu bayanan tarihinsa a rubuce a garin shi ne <nowiki>'''Okafor Ozoife''', wanda ya hau mulki a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara a matsayin '''warrant chief''' ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Shi ne ya ayyana iyakokin ƙasar garin ta hanyar kafa alamomin iyaka a manyan sassan yankin. Ya rasu a shekarar 1934, bayan haka kuma shugabannin da ake kira '''President Generals'''</nowiki> waɗanda jama’a ke zaɓa suka ci gaba da mulkin garin har zuwa shekarar 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa sarki (Igwe), wato Dr. Timothy C. Tagbo, wanda aka fi sani da Eze Ukwu I na Ukwulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukwulu |url=http://www.dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001230057/http://dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |archive-date=1 October 2011 |access-date=28 April 2012 |publisher=Dunukofiamustgrow.com}}</ref> Igwe T. C. Tagbo ya rasu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015, kuma an yi jana’izarsa ranar 10 ga Maris 2016. An gudanar da naɗin sabon Igwe ranar 10 ga Yunin 2016, inda aka naɗa Igwe Peter Anukwu Uyanwa a matsayin sabon sarkin gargajiyar garin Ukwulu. A zahiri, yawancin tarihin Ukwulu bai samu rubuce-rubuce ko tsarin adana tarihi a takardu ba. Maimakon haka, kowane iyali yana gadar da tarihinsa da dokokinsa ta hanyar al’adar baka.Tunawa da manyan ayyuka na fitattun sarakuna, tarihin iyalai da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a masarautar ana miƙa su ne daga ƙarni zuwa ƙarni ta hanyar baki. == ƙasa da yanayi == Ukwulu yana iyaka da garuruwan Achalla, Nando, Ukpo, Awkuzu da sauran wasu yankuna. Akwai koguna da rafuka da dama a garin, wasu daga cikinsu na zama iyaka ta halitta tsakanin garin da maƙwabtansa. Daga cikinsu akwai rafin Orira da kogunan Ndibe, Ali da Biobi. A da can, Ukwulu na da ƙauyuka tara, amma wani yaƙi daga waje ya rage su zuwa yadda suke a yau. Har zuwa shekaru uku da suka gabata, akwai ƙauyuka huɗu ne kawai, wato Amagu, Umugama, Amaegbu da Adagbe. Tun daga lokacin ne Iruezeagu ta zama ƙauye mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ya sa yanzu Ukwulu ke da ƙauyuka biyar. Ƙasar yankin na da wadatattun sinadarai masu amfani ga noma, kuma tana tallafa wa noman amfanin gona iri-iri kamar doya, rogo, shinkafa da sauran kayan hatsi masu ɗauke da sinadarin gina jiki. === Tattalin Arziki === Yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne, sai dai an samu ci gaba sosai a fannoni kamar kasuwanci da ilimi. Cibiyar <nowiki>'''Electronics Development Institute of Nigeria (ELDI)'''</nowiki> tana cikin wannan gari. An kammala gina hanyoyi da dama a yankin tare da gadar Kogin Anambra a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Anambra]] gep3ee9jj5n81ps8z95x94wylusj4c4 841281 841275 2026-05-28T09:14:23Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox} '''Ukwulu''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana da nisan kusan kilomita 13.7 ta hanya daga hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar. [[Inyamurai|Al’ummar Igbo]] ne suka fi rinjaye a yankin. Listenⓘ wani gari ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) na Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 13.7 ta hanyar hanya a arewacin hedikwatar LGA. Gida ce ga [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]]. == Tarihi == Shugaban farko da aka samu bayanan tarihinsa a rubuce a garin shi ne <nowiki>'''Okafor Ozoife''', wanda ya hau mulki a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara a matsayin '''warrant chief''' ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Shi ne ya ayyana iyakokin ƙasar garin ta hanyar kafa alamomin iyaka a manyan sassan yankin. Ya rasu a shekarar 1934, bayan haka kuma shugabannin da ake kira '''President Generals'''</nowiki> waɗanda jama’a ke zaɓa suka ci gaba da mulkin garin har zuwa shekarar 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa sarki (Igwe), wato Dr. Timothy C. Tagbo, wanda aka fi sani da Eze Ukwu I na Ukwulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukwulu |url=http://www.dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001230057/http://dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |archive-date=1 October 2011 |access-date=28 April 2012 |publisher=Dunukofiamustgrow.com}}</ref> Igwe T. C. Tagbo ya rasu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015, kuma an yi jana’izarsa ranar 10 ga Maris 2016. An gudanar da naɗin sabon Igwe ranar 10 ga Yunin 2016, inda aka naɗa Igwe Peter Anukwu Uyanwa a matsayin sabon sarkin gargajiyar garin Ukwulu. A zahiri, yawancin tarihin Ukwulu bai samu rubuce-rubuce ko tsarin adana tarihi a takardu ba. Maimakon haka, kowane iyali yana gadar da tarihinsa da dokokinsa ta hanyar al’adar baka.Tunawa da manyan ayyuka na fitattun sarakuna, tarihin iyalai da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a masarautar ana miƙa su ne daga ƙarni zuwa ƙarni ta hanyar baki. == ƙasa da yanayi == Ukwulu yana iyaka da garuruwan Achalla, Nando, Ukpo, Awkuzu da sauran wasu yankuna. Akwai koguna da rafuka da dama a garin, wasu daga cikinsu na zama iyaka ta halitta tsakanin garin da maƙwabtansa. Daga cikinsu akwai rafin Orira da kogunan Ndibe, Ali da Biobi. A da can, Ukwulu na da ƙauyuka tara, amma wani yaƙi daga waje ya rage su zuwa yadda suke a yau. Har zuwa shekaru uku da suka gabata, akwai ƙauyuka huɗu ne kawai, wato Amagu, Umugama, Amaegbu da Adagbe. Tun daga lokacin ne Iruezeagu ta zama ƙauye mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ya sa yanzu Ukwulu ke da ƙauyuka biyar. Ƙasar yankin na da wadatattun sinadarai masu amfani ga noma, kuma tana tallafa wa noman amfanin gona iri-iri kamar doya, rogo, shinkafa da sauran kayan hatsi masu ɗauke da sinadarin gina jiki. === Tattalin Arziki === Yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne, sai dai an samu ci gaba sosai a fannoni kamar kasuwanci da ilimi. Cibiyar <nowiki>'''Electronics Development Institute of Nigeria (ELDI)'''</nowiki> tana cikin wannan gari. An kammala gina hanyoyi da dama a yankin tare da gadar Kogin Anambra a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Anambra]] m1cnbzm858jdyztbnle10pmog0muui8 841283 841281 2026-05-28T09:14:46Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ukwulu''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana da nisan kusan kilomita 13.7 ta hanya daga hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar. [[Inyamurai|Al’ummar Igbo]] ne suka fi rinjaye a yankin. Listenⓘ wani gari ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Dunukofia]] (LGA) na Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 13.7 ta hanyar hanya a arewacin hedikwatar LGA. Gida ce ga [[Inyamurai|Mutanen Igbo]]. == Tarihi == Shugaban farko da aka samu bayanan tarihinsa a rubuce a garin shi ne <nowiki>'''Okafor Ozoife''', wanda ya hau mulki a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara a matsayin '''warrant chief''' ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. Shi ne ya ayyana iyakokin ƙasar garin ta hanyar kafa alamomin iyaka a manyan sassan yankin. Ya rasu a shekarar 1934, bayan haka kuma shugabannin da ake kira '''President Generals'''</nowiki> waɗanda jama’a ke zaɓa suka ci gaba da mulkin garin har zuwa shekarar 1977, lokacin da aka naɗa sarki (Igwe), wato Dr. Timothy C. Tagbo, wanda aka fi sani da Eze Ukwu I na Ukwulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukwulu |url=http://www.dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001230057/http://dunukofiamustgrow.com/Ukwulu.htm |archive-date=1 October 2011 |access-date=28 April 2012 |publisher=Dunukofiamustgrow.com}}</ref> Igwe T. C. Tagbo ya rasu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015, kuma an yi jana’izarsa ranar 10 ga Maris 2016. An gudanar da naɗin sabon Igwe ranar 10 ga Yunin 2016, inda aka naɗa Igwe Peter Anukwu Uyanwa a matsayin sabon sarkin gargajiyar garin Ukwulu. A zahiri, yawancin tarihin Ukwulu bai samu rubuce-rubuce ko tsarin adana tarihi a takardu ba. Maimakon haka, kowane iyali yana gadar da tarihinsa da dokokinsa ta hanyar al’adar baka.Tunawa da manyan ayyuka na fitattun sarakuna, tarihin iyalai da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a masarautar ana miƙa su ne daga ƙarni zuwa ƙarni ta hanyar baki. == ƙasa da yanayi == Ukwulu yana iyaka da garuruwan Achalla, Nando, Ukpo, Awkuzu da sauran wasu yankuna. Akwai koguna da rafuka da dama a garin, wasu daga cikinsu na zama iyaka ta halitta tsakanin garin da maƙwabtansa. Daga cikinsu akwai rafin Orira da kogunan Ndibe, Ali da Biobi. A da can, Ukwulu na da ƙauyuka tara, amma wani yaƙi daga waje ya rage su zuwa yadda suke a yau. Har zuwa shekaru uku da suka gabata, akwai ƙauyuka huɗu ne kawai, wato Amagu, Umugama, Amaegbu da Adagbe. Tun daga lokacin ne Iruezeagu ta zama ƙauye mai cin gashin kansa, wanda ya sa yanzu Ukwulu ke da ƙauyuka biyar. Ƙasar yankin na da wadatattun sinadarai masu amfani ga noma, kuma tana tallafa wa noman amfanin gona iri-iri kamar doya, rogo, shinkafa da sauran kayan hatsi masu ɗauke da sinadarin gina jiki. === Tattalin Arziki === Yawancin mazauna yankin manoma ne, sai dai an samu ci gaba sosai a fannoni kamar kasuwanci da ilimi. Cibiyar <nowiki>'''Electronics Development Institute of Nigeria (ELDI)'''</nowiki> tana cikin wannan gari. An kammala gina hanyoyi da dama a yankin tare da gadar Kogin Anambra a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Anambra]] mx86ok7ci97l4v2rxelzoakttbmk97b 0 152646 841272 2026-05-28T09:11:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336884927|Lake Kazuni]]" 841272 wikitext text/x-wiki <mapframe latitude="-11.143540" longitude="33.619366" zoom="13" width="506" height="306" text="Lake Kazuni" align="center">{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 33.62812, -11.149531 ] } } ] }</mapframe>'''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Kazuni''' tafki ne a [[Malawi]] . Tana cikin Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, kusa da babban ƙofar. sansanin Kazuni Safari wani muhimmin yanki ne na masauki kusa da tafkin. Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan hippo kuma ana iya ganin giwaye a kusa da tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve {{!}} North Malawi {{!}} Malawi Tourism |url=https://www.malawitourism.com/regions/north-malawi/vwaza-marsh-wildlife-reserve/ |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == 18dcqbciuji16ipb5p4pmpf42yowatj 841274 841272 2026-05-28T09:12:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 841274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Kazuni''' tafki ne a [[Malawi]] . Tana cikin Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, kusa da babban ƙofar. sansanin Kazuni Safari wani muhimmin yanki ne na masauki kusa da tafkin. Tafkin yana tallafawa yawan hippo kuma ana iya ganin giwaye a kusa da tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve {{!}} North Malawi {{!}} Malawi Tourism |url=https://www.malawitourism.com/regions/north-malawi/vwaza-marsh-wildlife-reserve/ |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6iawxukggj5fndpi1ydsc4llfmj1ldv 0 152647 841276 2026-05-28T09:13:24Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311522266|Stephen Sunday]]" 841276 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Stephen Obayan Sunday''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Satumba 1988), wanda aka yi wa lakabi da '''Sunny''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] . == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === An haife shi a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Sunny ya fara aikinsa a Najeriya tare da Ebedei da Jegede Babes. A shekara ta 2003, ya halarci gasar matasa guda biyu a Sweden da Spain: a ƙarshe ya bayyana a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekara-shekara ta [[Madrid]] ta uku, inda ya burge shi sosai aka ba shi kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Polideportivo Ejido, a gasar Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okeleji |first=Oluwashina |date=20 March 2007 |title=Stephen's Latin love |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6470975.stm |access-date=7 April 2009 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> === Valencia === Sunny ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a ƙungiyar [[Andalusia]], inda ya buga wasanni 65 a gasa a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi yana wasa kuma ya sanya hannu a [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] a lokacin bazara, amma bayan kakar wasa ɗaya inda ba a saba amfani da shi ba, an ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar [[La Liga]] ta Osasuna . A ƙarshen Janairun 2009, an danganta shi da komawa Portsmouth ta Ingila, amma daga ƙarshe yarjejeniyar ta wargaje saboda matsalolin kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2009 |title=Sunny no-go for Pompey |url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11661_4864964,00.html |access-date=7 April 2009 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2009, bayan kakar wasa da ta yi rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2009 |title=Sunny: "En Osasuna jugué poco, pero fue por sufrir varias lesiones" |trans-title=Sunny: "I played little at Osasuna, but it was because I suffered several injuries" |url=http://www.navarrasport.com/noticias/sunny-en-osasuna-jugue-poco-pero-fue-por-sufrir-varias-lesiones |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=Navarra Sport |language=es}}</ref> An ba Sunny aro ga Betis na tsawon shekara guda da nufin komawa kulob din na dindindin na tsawon shekaru hudu. Haka kuma bai bayyana ba sosai a lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu, saboda ''Verdiblancos'' sun kasa komawa saman teburi (wasanni bakwai cikin 42). A watan Yulin 2010, Sunny ya yi gwaji a Ingila tare da sabuwar ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] Blackpool, inda ya buga wasan sada zumunta da [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] a ranar 27 ga Yuli da kuma kwana huɗu bayan haka da Bristol City, amma babu abin da ya faru. === Numancia === Sunny ya yi watannin farko na sabuwar kakar wasa yana atisaye shi kaɗai, bayan da kocin Valencia [[Unai Emery]] ya ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ya fi ƙarfin 'yan wasa. A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2011 aka sake ba shi aro, inda ya koma Numancia daga rukuni na biyu. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo baya, har yanzu yana cikin wannan matakin kuma a matsayin wanda ya sanya hannu na dindindin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Escarabajano |first=José Luis |date=14 July 2011 |title=Mercado: Sunny se desvincula del Valencia y el Numancia le ficha como agente libre |trans-title=Market: Sunny cuts ties with Valencia and Numancia sign him as a free agent |url=http://www.goal.com/es/news/21/fichajes/2011/07/14/2575224/mercado-sunny-se-desvincula-del-valencia-y-el-numancia-le |access-date=15 January 2014 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |language=es}}</ref> Sunny shine wanda ya fara zaban Sorians . A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2011 ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a matsayinsa na babban dan wasa, inda ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan Albacete da ci 2-1. === Bnei Sakhnin / CSKA Sofia === A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2013, Sunny ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din [[Isra'ila]] Bnei Sakhnin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2013 |title=Presenting: the 2013/14 Israeli Premier League |url=http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/presenting-the-season-2013/14-israeli-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014000825/http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/presenting-the-season-2013/14-israeli-premier-league/ |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=26 August 2013 |publisher=Maccabi Tel Aviv}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu na shekarar da ta biyo baya, ya sake sauya ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe, inda ya koma CSKA Sofia ta Bulgaria bayan ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2014 |title=Съни вече е футболист на ЦСКА, подписа за 2,5 години |trans-title=Sunny is now a CSKA player, he signed for 2,5 years |url=http://www.gong.bg/view_article.php?article_id=394877 |access-date=3 January 2014 |publisher=[[Gong.bg]] |language=bg}}</ref> === Tafkin Salt na Gaske === Bayan fara kakar wasa a Turkiyya tare da Alanyaspor, Sunny ya koma Real Salt Lake a ranar 21 ga Janairun 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2016 |title=Real Salt Lake signs Nigerian MF Sunday Stephen Obayan |url=http://www.rsl.com/post/2016/01/21/real-salt-lake-signs-nigerian-mf-sunday-stephen-obayan |access-date=21 January 2016 |publisher=Real Salt Lake}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Major League Soccer a ranar 12 ga Maris, inda ya taimaka wajen doke Seattle Sounders FC da ci 2-1 a gida. An saki Sunny bayan yakin neman zaben 2018. === Pafos === A watan Yulin 2019, Sunny ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Pafos na farko na Cyprus . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2019 |title=Sunny welcome |url=https://pafosfc.com.cy/archives/2862 |access-date=15 July 2019 |publisher=Pafos FC}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:2007-07-01URU_vs_SPA213.jpg|thumb|Lahadi (tsakiya) tana wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2007 da Uruguay .]] Sunday, wanda aka haifa a Najeriya, ya cancanci bugawa Spain wasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin [[FIFA]] wanda ke ba wa 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa biyu kuma ba su da cikakkiyar damar buga wa ƙasar wasa ta ƙasa damar canza sheƙa kafin su kai shekara 21. Bayan ya fara bayyana a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, ƙasar da ya karɓe ta ta kira shi zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a Kanada a shekarar 2007, <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2007 |title=Sunny, el centrocampista español que llegó de África |trans-title=Sunny, the Spanish midfielder who came from Africa |url=http://es.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2007/m=7/news=sunny-centrocampista-espanol-que-llego-africa-544808.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625121439/http://es.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2007/m=7/news=sunny-centrocampista-espanol-que-llego-africa-544808.html |archive-date=25 June 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=FIFA |language=es}}</ref> ya buga wasanni huɗu yayin da ƙungiyar ta fice a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2009 |title=2007, Mundial sub'20 (y III): Una dura caída |trans-title=2007, Under-20 World Cup (and III): A hard fall |url=http://recuerdosdenigeria.blogspot.pt/2009/08/2007-mundial-sub20-y-iii-una-dura-caida.html |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=Recuerdos de Nigeria |language=es}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2010, an kira Sunny don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2012 da Najeriya za ta yi a Guinea a wata mai zuwa. [1] Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wannan wasan a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa, a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a Conakry . [2] == Daraja == '''Valencia''' * Copa del Rey : 2007-08 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ph5lh61zrzq1y6f0ea2tycia4hzzgro 841279 841276 2026-05-28T09:13:52Z Sardeeq 39275 841279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stephen Obayan Sunday''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Satumba 1988), wanda aka yi wa lakabi da '''Sunny''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] . == Aikin kulob == === Shekarun farko === An haife shi a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Sunny ya fara aikinsa a Najeriya tare da Ebedei da Jegede Babes. A shekara ta 2003, ya halarci gasar matasa guda biyu a Sweden da Spain: a ƙarshe ya bayyana a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekara-shekara ta [[Madrid]] ta uku, inda ya burge shi sosai aka ba shi kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Polideportivo Ejido, a gasar Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okeleji |first=Oluwashina |date=20 March 2007 |title=Stephen's Latin love |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6470975.stm |access-date=7 April 2009 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> === Valencia === Sunny ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun a ƙungiyar [[Andalusia]], inda ya buga wasanni 65 a gasa a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi yana wasa kuma ya sanya hannu a [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] a lokacin bazara, amma bayan kakar wasa ɗaya inda ba a saba amfani da shi ba, an ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar [[La Liga]] ta Osasuna . A ƙarshen Janairun 2009, an danganta shi da komawa Portsmouth ta Ingila, amma daga ƙarshe yarjejeniyar ta wargaje saboda matsalolin kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2009 |title=Sunny no-go for Pompey |url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11661_4864964,00.html |access-date=7 April 2009 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2009, bayan kakar wasa da ta yi rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2009 |title=Sunny: "En Osasuna jugué poco, pero fue por sufrir varias lesiones" |trans-title=Sunny: "I played little at Osasuna, but it was because I suffered several injuries" |url=http://www.navarrasport.com/noticias/sunny-en-osasuna-jugue-poco-pero-fue-por-sufrir-varias-lesiones |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=Navarra Sport |language=es}}</ref> An ba Sunny aro ga Betis na tsawon shekara guda da nufin komawa kulob din na dindindin na tsawon shekaru hudu. Haka kuma bai bayyana ba sosai a lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu, saboda ''Verdiblancos'' sun kasa komawa saman teburi (wasanni bakwai cikin 42). A watan Yulin 2010, Sunny ya yi gwaji a Ingila tare da sabuwar ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] Blackpool, inda ya buga wasan sada zumunta da [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] a ranar 27 ga Yuli da kuma kwana huɗu bayan haka da Bristol City, amma babu abin da ya faru. === Numancia === Sunny ya yi watannin farko na sabuwar kakar wasa yana atisaye shi kaɗai, bayan da kocin Valencia [[Unai Emery]] ya ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ya fi ƙarfin 'yan wasa. A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2011 aka sake ba shi aro, inda ya koma Numancia daga rukuni na biyu. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka biyo baya, har yanzu yana cikin wannan matakin kuma a matsayin wanda ya sanya hannu na dindindin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Escarabajano |first=José Luis |date=14 July 2011 |title=Mercado: Sunny se desvincula del Valencia y el Numancia le ficha como agente libre |trans-title=Market: Sunny cuts ties with Valencia and Numancia sign him as a free agent |url=http://www.goal.com/es/news/21/fichajes/2011/07/14/2575224/mercado-sunny-se-desvincula-del-valencia-y-el-numancia-le |access-date=15 January 2014 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]] |language=es}}</ref> Sunny shine wanda ya fara zaban Sorians . A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2011 ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a matsayinsa na babban dan wasa, inda ya zura kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan Albacete da ci 2-1. === Bnei Sakhnin / CSKA Sofia === A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2013, Sunny ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din [[Isra'ila]] Bnei Sakhnin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2013 |title=Presenting: the 2013/14 Israeli Premier League |url=http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/presenting-the-season-2013/14-israeli-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014000825/http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/presenting-the-season-2013/14-israeli-premier-league/ |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=26 August 2013 |publisher=Maccabi Tel Aviv}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Janairu na shekarar da ta biyo baya, ya sake sauya ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe, inda ya koma CSKA Sofia ta Bulgaria bayan ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2014 |title=Съни вече е футболист на ЦСКА, подписа за 2,5 години |trans-title=Sunny is now a CSKA player, he signed for 2,5 years |url=http://www.gong.bg/view_article.php?article_id=394877 |access-date=3 January 2014 |publisher=[[Gong.bg]] |language=bg}}</ref> === Tafkin Salt na Gaske === Bayan fara kakar wasa a Turkiyya tare da Alanyaspor, Sunny ya koma Real Salt Lake a ranar 21 ga Janairun 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2016 |title=Real Salt Lake signs Nigerian MF Sunday Stephen Obayan |url=http://www.rsl.com/post/2016/01/21/real-salt-lake-signs-nigerian-mf-sunday-stephen-obayan |access-date=21 January 2016 |publisher=Real Salt Lake}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Major League Soccer a ranar 12 ga Maris, inda ya taimaka wajen doke Seattle Sounders FC da ci 2-1 a gida. An saki Sunny bayan yakin neman zaben 2018. === Pafos === A watan Yulin 2019, Sunny ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Pafos na farko na Cyprus . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2019 |title=Sunny welcome |url=https://pafosfc.com.cy/archives/2862 |access-date=15 July 2019 |publisher=Pafos FC}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:2007-07-01URU_vs_SPA213.jpg|thumb|Lahadi (tsakiya) tana wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2007 da Uruguay .]] Sunday, wanda aka haifa a Najeriya, ya cancanci bugawa Spain wasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin [[FIFA]] wanda ke ba wa 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa biyu kuma ba su da cikakkiyar damar buga wa ƙasar wasa ta ƙasa damar canza sheƙa kafin su kai shekara 21. Bayan ya fara bayyana a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, ƙasar da ya karɓe ta ta kira shi zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a Kanada a shekarar 2007, <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2007 |title=Sunny, el centrocampista español que llegó de África |trans-title=Sunny, the Spanish midfielder who came from Africa |url=http://es.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2007/m=7/news=sunny-centrocampista-espanol-que-llego-africa-544808.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625121439/http://es.fifa.com/u20worldcup/news/y=2007/m=7/news=sunny-centrocampista-espanol-que-llego-africa-544808.html |archive-date=25 June 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=FIFA |language=es}}</ref> ya buga wasanni huɗu yayin da ƙungiyar ta fice a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2009 |title=2007, Mundial sub'20 (y III): Una dura caída |trans-title=2007, Under-20 World Cup (and III): A hard fall |url=http://recuerdosdenigeria.blogspot.pt/2009/08/2007-mundial-sub20-y-iii-una-dura-caida.html |access-date=1 June 2016 |publisher=Recuerdos de Nigeria |language=es}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2010, an kira Sunny don buga wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2012 da Najeriya za ta yi a Guinea a wata mai zuwa. [1] Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wannan wasan a matsayin wanda ya fara wasa, a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a Conakry . [2] == Daraja == '''Valencia''' * Copa del Rey : 2007-08 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5oo6kisgjokranwr9vk6pqksn7yz5mt 0 152648 841277 2026-05-28T09:13:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331473529|Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) territorial dispute]]" 841277 wikitext text/x-wiki Rikici na yankin Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) rikici ne na dogon lokaci na diflomasiyya da shari'a tsakanin [[Malawi|Jamhuriyar Malawi]] da [[Tanzaniya|Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Tanzania]] game da wurin iyakar kasa da kasa a cikin tafkin da kuma mallaka / haƙƙin mallaka ga ruwansa da albarkatun. Rashin jituwa yana da tushen tarihi a cikin yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka, ya kara tsanantawa bayan bayar da lasisin Binciken hydrocarbon a cikin shekarun 2010, kuma ya kasance batun ƙoƙarin sulhu na yanki.<ref name="Lake_Malawi_Limbo">{{Cite web |title=Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa? Malawi–Tanzania Border Dispute Slips Into Limbo |url=https://www.rusi.orghttps//www.rusi.org |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=www.rusi.orghttps |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2024, Tanzania ta ba da jagora ga makarantu don amfani da taswirar hukuma da ke nuna iyakar da ke gudana ta tsakiyar tafkin, matakin da ya kara nuna takaddamar a cikin muhawara ta jama'a.<ref name="Tanzania_Schools_Directive">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-21 |title=Tanzania directs schools to teach ‘correct’ Lake Malawi map |url=https://times.mw/tanzania-directs-schools-to-teach-correct-lake-malawi-map/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=The Times Group |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da asalin tarihi == [[Fayil:Lake_Malawi,_Great_Rift_Valley.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Tafkin Malawi (Yankin Great Rift Valley). Yana nuna siffar tafkin da yanayin da ke kewaye da shi]] === Yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka da da'awar farko === Tushen shari'a da taswirar rikici ya kasance a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 tsakanin manyan ƙasashen Turai. A karkashin shirye-shiryen Anglo-Jamusanci (Heligoland-Zanzibar) na 1890 da taswirar mulkin mallaka masu alaƙa, iyakar tsakanin abin da ya zama Nyasaland ([[Malawi]]) da Jamusanci Gabashin Afirka (daga baya Tanganyika / [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]) ana wakiltar su tare da iyakar Tanzanian (sa'an nan Jamusanci / Burtaniya), yadda ya kamata sanya tafkin a cikin kariya da ta zama Malawi. Yarjejeniyar da taswirar da ke tattare da ita sune tushen matsayin Malawi cewa tafkin yana cikin yankin Malawi. <ref name="Anglo-German-Treaty">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2007 |title=Anglo German Treaty |url=https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Germany History in Documents and Images}}</ref> === Matsayi bayan samun 'yancin kai === A kan 'yancin kai, duka Tanzania da Malawi sun gaji rikitarwa kuma wani lokacin taswirar mulkin mallaka. Malawi a tarihi ta bi da tafkin (sai dai inda ya taɓa [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]) kamar yadda ya fi yawa a cikin ikonsa kuma ya yi amfani da wannan matsayi a cikin gudanarwar ƙasa da sarrafa albarkatu. Tanzania ta kalubalanci wannan matsayi, tana jayayya cewa ya kamata a iyakance iyakar ta hanyar daidaito (layin tsakiya) don raba ruwan cikin gida, ko kuma cewa shaidar taswirar mulkin mallaka ba ta da tabbas kuma ba ta isa ta hana canjin da aka tattauna ko wanda aka yanke hukunci bisa doka. Binciken ilimi da shari'a sun lura cewa matsayin jam'iyyun sun sauya a wasu lokuta kuma ana fassara taswirar mulkin mallaka da matani na yarjejeniya daban-daban daga kowane gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2023 |title=Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi |url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Michigan Journal of International Law}}</ref> == Hujjojin shari'a == [[Fayil:Malawi-Tanzania_border_dispute.png|thumb|Taswirar da ke nuna da'awar iyakar Malawi ta yanzu da da'awar Tanzania (layin tsakiya) akan Lake Nyasa / iyakar Malawi]] === Shari'ar Malawi === Babban ikirarin shari'a na Malawi ya dogara ne akan maye gurbin iyakokin mulkin mallaka da aka kafa ko aka amince da su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen Anglo-Jamusanci na karni na 19 da kuma aikin zane-zane na [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]]. Malawi ta yi jayayya cewa iyakar mulkin mallaka - wanda aka fassara shi kamar yadda yake gudana a bakin tekun Tanzaniya - ba a taɓa canza shi ba bisa doka kuma cewa ka'idar uti possidetis juris (girmama iyakokin da aka gada a lokacin 'yancin kai) tana goyancin ikon mallakar Malawi a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|tafkin]]. Binciken masana ya ambaci matani na yarjejeniya da bayanan mulkin mallaka don tallafawa matsayin da aka bayyana na Malawi.<ref name="Anglo-German-Treaty">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2007 |title=Anglo German Treaty |url=https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Germany History in Documents and Images}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf "Anglo German Treaty"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Germany History in Documents and Images''. 30 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Shari'ar Tanzania === Tanzania ta yi jayayya cewa ka'idodin zamani na dokar kasa da kasa da ta shafi ruwa da iyakokin teku (gami da tanadi masu dacewa a cikin UNCLOS da al'adun iyakokin al'ada) suna tallafawa iyakokin ruwa na cikin gida ta hanyar daidaito, sau da yawa ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar rarraba layin tsakiya inda babu wani yanayi na musamman da ya dace da akasin haka. Tanzaniya ta kuma yi jayayya cewa taswirar mulkin mallaka da yarjejeniyoyi ba su nuna iyakar da ke ba da cikakkiyar ko sassan tafkin kawai ga Malawi ba. Masu sharhi sun lura da dogaro da Tanzania akan haɗuwa da jayayya ta shari'a da madadin fassarorin taswirar.<ref name="UN_Convention">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2001 |title=United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=United Nations}}</ref> == Manazarta == jmg641desnr1g4e9y6tgz5j68b9sifj 841280 841277 2026-05-28T09:14:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 841280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rikici na yankin Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa) rikici ne na dogon lokaci na diflomasiyya da shari'a tsakanin [[Malawi|Jamhuriyar Malawi]] da [[Tanzaniya|Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Tanzania]] game da wurin iyakar kasa da kasa a cikin tafkin da kuma mallaka / haƙƙin mallaka ga ruwansa da albarkatun. Rashin jituwa yana da tushen tarihi a cikin yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka, ya kara tsanantawa bayan bayar da lasisin Binciken hydrocarbon a cikin shekarun 2010, kuma ya kasance batun ƙoƙarin sulhu na yanki.<ref name="Lake_Malawi_Limbo">{{Cite web |title=Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa? Malawi–Tanzania Border Dispute Slips Into Limbo |url=https://www.rusi.orghttps//www.rusi.org |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=www.rusi.orghttps |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen 2024, Tanzania ta ba da jagora ga makarantu don amfani da taswirar hukuma da ke nuna iyakar da ke gudana ta tsakiyar tafkin, matakin da ya kara nuna takaddamar a cikin muhawara ta jama'a.<ref name="Tanzania_Schools_Directive">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-21 |title=Tanzania directs schools to teach ‘correct’ Lake Malawi map |url=https://times.mw/tanzania-directs-schools-to-teach-correct-lake-malawi-map/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=The Times Group |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da asalin tarihi == [[Fayil:Lake_Malawi,_Great_Rift_Valley.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Tafkin Malawi (Yankin Great Rift Valley). Yana nuna siffar tafkin da yanayin da ke kewaye da shi]] === Yarjejeniyar mulkin mallaka da da'awar farko === Tushen shari'a da taswirar rikici ya kasance a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 tsakanin manyan ƙasashen Turai. A karkashin shirye-shiryen Anglo-Jamusanci (Heligoland-Zanzibar) na 1890 da taswirar mulkin mallaka masu alaƙa, iyakar tsakanin abin da ya zama Nyasaland ([[Malawi]]) da Jamusanci Gabashin Afirka (daga baya Tanganyika / [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]) ana wakiltar su tare da iyakar Tanzanian (sa'an nan Jamusanci / Burtaniya), yadda ya kamata sanya tafkin a cikin kariya da ta zama Malawi. Yarjejeniyar da taswirar da ke tattare da ita sune tushen matsayin Malawi cewa tafkin yana cikin yankin Malawi. <ref name="Anglo-German-Treaty">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2007 |title=Anglo German Treaty |url=https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Germany History in Documents and Images}}</ref> === Matsayi bayan samun 'yancin kai === A kan 'yancin kai, duka Tanzania da Malawi sun gaji rikitarwa kuma wani lokacin taswirar mulkin mallaka. Malawi a tarihi ta bi da tafkin (sai dai inda ya taɓa [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]) kamar yadda ya fi yawa a cikin ikonsa kuma ya yi amfani da wannan matsayi a cikin gudanarwar ƙasa da sarrafa albarkatu. Tanzania ta kalubalanci wannan matsayi, tana jayayya cewa ya kamata a iyakance iyakar ta hanyar daidaito (layin tsakiya) don raba ruwan cikin gida, ko kuma cewa shaidar taswirar mulkin mallaka ba ta da tabbas kuma ba ta isa ta hana canjin da aka tattauna ko wanda aka yanke hukunci bisa doka. Binciken ilimi da shari'a sun lura cewa matsayin jam'iyyun sun sauya a wasu lokuta kuma ana fassara taswirar mulkin mallaka da matani na yarjejeniya daban-daban daga kowane gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2023 |title=Oil Under Troubled Waters?: Some Legal Aspects of the Boundary Dispute Between Malawi and Tanzania Over Lake Malawi |url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=mjil |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Michigan Journal of International Law}}</ref> == Hujjojin shari'a == [[Fayil:Malawi-Tanzania_border_dispute.png|thumb|Taswirar da ke nuna da'awar iyakar Malawi ta yanzu da da'awar Tanzania (layin tsakiya) akan Lake Nyasa / iyakar Malawi]] === Shari'ar Malawi === Babban ikirarin shari'a na Malawi ya dogara ne akan maye gurbin iyakokin mulkin mallaka da aka kafa ko aka amince da su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen Anglo-Jamusanci na karni na 19 da kuma aikin zane-zane na [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]]. Malawi ta yi jayayya cewa iyakar mulkin mallaka - wanda aka fassara shi kamar yadda yake gudana a bakin tekun Tanzaniya - ba a taɓa canza shi ba bisa doka kuma cewa ka'idar uti possidetis juris (girmama iyakokin da aka gada a lokacin 'yancin kai) tana goyancin ikon mallakar Malawi a kan [[Tabkin Malawi|tafkin]]. Binciken masana ya ambaci matani na yarjejeniya da bayanan mulkin mallaka don tallafawa matsayin da aka bayyana na Malawi.<ref name="Anglo-German-Treaty">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2007 |title=Anglo German Treaty |url=https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=Germany History in Documents and Images}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/606_Anglo-German%20Treaty_110.pdf "Anglo German Treaty"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Germany History in Documents and Images''. 30 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Shari'ar Tanzania === Tanzania ta yi jayayya cewa ka'idodin zamani na dokar kasa da kasa da ta shafi ruwa da iyakokin teku (gami da tanadi masu dacewa a cikin UNCLOS da al'adun iyakokin al'ada) suna tallafawa iyakokin ruwa na cikin gida ta hanyar daidaito, sau da yawa ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar rarraba layin tsakiya inda babu wani yanayi na musamman da ya dace da akasin haka. Tanzaniya ta kuma yi jayayya cewa taswirar mulkin mallaka da yarjejeniyoyi ba su nuna iyakar da ke ba da cikakkiyar ko sassan tafkin kawai ga Malawi ba. Masu sharhi sun lura da dogaro da Tanzania akan haɗuwa da jayayya ta shari'a da madadin fassarorin taswirar.<ref name="UN_Convention">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2001 |title=United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf |access-date=13 October 2025 |website=United Nations}}</ref> == Manazarta == gew9qrh3h61s813xhhqkeol24kanrkf 0 152649 841282 2026-05-28T09:14:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336885201|Lake Malombe]]" 841282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Malombe''' tafki ne a kudancin [[Malawi]] . Tana kan Kogin Shire, a Yankin Kudancin a kusa da 14°40′0′′S 35°15′0′′E / 14.66667°S 35.25000°E / -14.667; 35.25000, kimanin (12 kudu da [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] mafi girma. Yana da yanki na kimanin {{Convert|450|km2|mi2}} km2 mi2). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan yawan masunta a kan tafkin ya karu sosai, kuma wannan ya haifar da raguwar gida a wasu nau'ikan [[kifi]], musamman ma chambo cichlids wanda shine muhimmin tushen abinci a duk Malawi. Tafkin yana da zurfi sosai tare da matsakaicin zurfin kusan ƙafa takwas, kuma a lokacin yanayin fari matakin ruwa yana raguwa har ma yana iya ɓacewa. Ruwan tafkin ya bushe shekaru ɗaruruwan har sai ya sake cikawa a tsakiyar karni na 19. == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060910134631/http://srdis.ciesin.columbia.edu/cases/malawi-002.html Gudanar da kamun kifi na al'umma, Tafkin Malombe] * {{Cite web |title=An evaluation of the Lake Malombe co-management programme |url=http://www.co-management.org/download/malombe.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195800/http://www.co-management.org/download/malombe.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2006-04-15}}&nbsp;{{Small|(94.1&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}} 1zrey1j9yw64eeogrcepp3pek6jmio5 841284 841282 2026-05-28T09:14:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 841284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Malombe''' tafki ne a kudancin [[Malawi]] . Tana kan Kogin Shire, a Yankin Kudancin a kusa da 14°40′0′′S 35°15′0′′E / 14.66667°S 35.25000°E / -14.667; 35.25000, kimanin (12 kudu da [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] mafi girma. Yana da yanki na kimanin {{Convert|450|km2|mi2}} km2 mi2). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan yawan masunta a kan tafkin ya karu sosai, kuma wannan ya haifar da raguwar gida a wasu nau'ikan [[kifi]], musamman ma chambo cichlids wanda shine muhimmin tushen abinci a duk Malawi. Tafkin yana da zurfi sosai tare da matsakaicin zurfin kusan ƙafa takwas, kuma a lokacin yanayin fari matakin ruwa yana raguwa har ma yana iya ɓacewa. Ruwan tafkin ya bushe shekaru ɗaruruwan har sai ya sake cikawa a tsakiyar karni na 19. == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060910134631/http://srdis.ciesin.columbia.edu/cases/malawi-002.html Gudanar da kamun kifi na al'umma, Tafkin Malombe] * {{Cite web |title=An evaluation of the Lake Malombe co-management programme |url=http://www.co-management.org/download/malombe.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195800/http://www.co-management.org/download/malombe.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2006-04-15}}&nbsp;{{Small|(94.1&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}} c00wa7iag7e9koc2tozs6e4eozq1w12 0 152650 841285 2026-05-28T09:15:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286794672|List of lakes of Mali]]" 841285 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan jerin tabkuna ne na Mali, wanda ke cikin iyakar ƙasar gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lakes, rivers, ponds in Mali MLI ML |url=http://mainfacts.com/world-countries-capitals-cities-codes/ML-MLI-Mali?oE=waters |access-date=2017-04-06 |publisher=Mainfacts.com}}</ref> == Tafkuna == * [[Lake Afou|Tafkin Afou]] * [[Lake Al Kamsi|Tafkin Al Kamsi]] * [[Lake Arala|Tafkin Arala]] * [[Lake Arandjéou|Tafkin Arandjéou]] * [[Lake Arkaou|Tafkin Arkaou]] * [[Lake Arodout|Tafkin Arodout]] * [[Lake Arona|Tafkin Arona]] * [[Lake Asi Taba|Tafkin Asi Taba]] * [[Lake Bab el Eri|Tafkin Bab el Eri]] * [[Lake Bambiré|Tafkin Bambiré]] * [[Lake Bango|Tafkin Bango]] * [[Lake Baria|Tafkin Baria]] * [[Lake Bella|Tafkin Bella]] * [[Lake Bella Bambi|Tafkin Bella Bambi]] * [[Lake Bissoko|Tafkin Bissoko]] * [[Lake Bongoe|Tafkin Bongoe]] * [[Lake Bouari|Tafkin Bouari]] * [[Lake Bouboutoussembou|Tafkin Bouboutoussembou]] * [[Lake Boudyou|Tafkin Boudyou]] * [[Lake Bouldi|Tafkin Bouldi]] * [[Lake Bouncham|Tafkin Bouncham]] * [[Lake Caytadié|Tafkin Caytadié]] * [[Lake Chamou|Tafkin Chamou]] * [[Lake Chétégoula|Tafkin Chétégoula]] * [[Lake Chibon|Tafkin Chibon]] * [[Lake Dao|Tafkin Dao]] * [[Lake Daouat|Tafkin Daouat]] * [[Lake Dara|Tafkin Dara]] * [[Lake Dargata|Tafkin Dargata]] * [[Lake Daye|Tafkin Daye]] * [[Lake Dayé Dyesse|Tafkin Dayé Dyesse]] * Tafkin Débo * [[Lake Débaré|Tafkin da aka sauke]] * [[Lake Diataro|Tafkin Diataro]] * [[Lake Dibanti|Tafkin Dibanti]] * [[Lake Didyéri|Tafkin Didyéri]] * [[Lake Dienko|Tafkin Dienko]] * [[Lake Dingoganyé|Tafkin Dingoganyé]] * [[Lake Diori|Tafkin Diori]] * [[Lake Dioulgoul|Tafkin Dioulgoul]] * [[Lake Domino Tossokel|Tafkin Domino Tossokel]] * [[Lake Doro Mare|Tafkin Doro Mare]] * Tafkin Faguibine * [[Lake Fatakara|Tafkin Fatakara]] * [[Lake Fatiha|Tafkin Fatiha]] * [[Lake Férem|Tafkin Férem]] * [[Lake Féto Maraboulé|Tafkin Féto Maraboulé]] * [[Lake Fobangou|Tafkin Fobangou]] * [[Lake Fonderé|Tafkin Fonderé]] * [[Lake Foroudougou|Tafkin Foroudougou]] * [[Lake Gabi|Tafkin Gabi]] * [[Lake Galigel|Tafkin Galigel]] * [[Lake Galiya|Tafkin Galiya]] * [[Lake Garia|Tafkin Garia]] * [[Lake Gassi|Tafkin Gassi]] * [[Lake Gomaga|Tafkin Gomaga]] * Tafkin Gossi * [[Lake Goua|Tafkin Goua]] * [[Lake Gougol|Tafkin Gougol]] * [[Lake Gounako|Tafkin Gounako]] * [[Lake Goundaka|Tafkin Goundaka]] * [[Lake Goussou|Tafkin Goussou]] * [[Lake Guéou|Tafkin Guéou]] * [[Lake I-n-Daroua|Tafkin I-n-Daroua]] * [[Lake I-n-Tetouft|Tafkin I-n-Tetouft]] * [[Lake Ioussa|Tafkin Ioussa]] * [[Lake Kabara|Tafkin Kabara]] * [[Lake Kâde|Tafkin Kâde]] * [[Lake Kamne|Tafkin Kamne]] * [[Lake Kan|Tafkin Kan]] * [[Lake Kandéfougou|Tafkin Kandéfougou]] * [[Lake Kangara|Tafkin Kangara]] * [[Lake KanieKobo|Tafkin KanieKobo]] * [[Lake Kanou|Tafkin Kanou]] * [[Lake Karangara|Tafkin Karangara]] * [[Lake Karsa|Tafkin Karsa]] * [[Lake Kati|Tafkin Kati]] * [[Lake Koboro|Tafkin Koboro]] * [[Lake Koguié|Tafkin Koguié]] * [[Lake Kokorourou|Tafkin Kokorourou]] * [[Lake Kokoungari|Tafkin Kokoungari]] * [[Lake Kondiré|Tafkin Kondiré]] * [[Lake Kossokosso|Tafkin Kossokosso]] * [[Lake Kouma|Tafkin Kouma]] * [[Lake Koumana|Tafkin Koumana]] * [[Lake Kounaguel|Tafkin Kounaguel]] == Manazarta == d7bvmu7umk98yesa1y8e8tbexirsg2y 841286 841285 2026-05-28T09:15:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 841286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin tabkuna ne na Mali, wanda ke cikin iyakar ƙasar gaba ɗaya ko kuma a wani ɓangare.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lakes, rivers, ponds in Mali MLI ML |url=http://mainfacts.com/world-countries-capitals-cities-codes/ML-MLI-Mali?oE=waters |access-date=2017-04-06 |publisher=Mainfacts.com}}</ref> == Tafkuna == * [[Lake Afou|Tafkin Afou]] * [[Lake Al Kamsi|Tafkin Al Kamsi]] * [[Lake Arala|Tafkin Arala]] * [[Lake Arandjéou|Tafkin Arandjéou]] * [[Lake Arkaou|Tafkin Arkaou]] * [[Lake Arodout|Tafkin Arodout]] * [[Lake Arona|Tafkin Arona]] * [[Lake Asi Taba|Tafkin Asi Taba]] * [[Lake Bab el Eri|Tafkin Bab el Eri]] * [[Lake Bambiré|Tafkin Bambiré]] * [[Lake Bango|Tafkin Bango]] * [[Lake Baria|Tafkin Baria]] * [[Lake Bella|Tafkin Bella]] * [[Lake Bella Bambi|Tafkin Bella Bambi]] * [[Lake Bissoko|Tafkin Bissoko]] * [[Lake Bongoe|Tafkin Bongoe]] * [[Lake Bouari|Tafkin Bouari]] * [[Lake Bouboutoussembou|Tafkin Bouboutoussembou]] * [[Lake Boudyou|Tafkin Boudyou]] * [[Lake Bouldi|Tafkin Bouldi]] * [[Lake Bouncham|Tafkin Bouncham]] * [[Lake Caytadié|Tafkin Caytadié]] * [[Lake Chamou|Tafkin Chamou]] * [[Lake Chétégoula|Tafkin Chétégoula]] * [[Lake Chibon|Tafkin Chibon]] * [[Lake Dao|Tafkin Dao]] * [[Lake Daouat|Tafkin Daouat]] * [[Lake Dara|Tafkin Dara]] * [[Lake Dargata|Tafkin Dargata]] * [[Lake Daye|Tafkin Daye]] * [[Lake Dayé Dyesse|Tafkin Dayé Dyesse]] * Tafkin Débo * [[Lake Débaré|Tafkin da aka sauke]] * [[Lake Diataro|Tafkin Diataro]] * [[Lake Dibanti|Tafkin Dibanti]] * [[Lake Didyéri|Tafkin Didyéri]] * [[Lake Dienko|Tafkin Dienko]] * [[Lake Dingoganyé|Tafkin Dingoganyé]] * [[Lake Diori|Tafkin Diori]] * [[Lake Dioulgoul|Tafkin Dioulgoul]] * [[Lake Domino Tossokel|Tafkin Domino Tossokel]] * [[Lake Doro Mare|Tafkin Doro Mare]] * Tafkin Faguibine * [[Lake Fatakara|Tafkin Fatakara]] * [[Lake Fatiha|Tafkin Fatiha]] * [[Lake Férem|Tafkin Férem]] * [[Lake Féto Maraboulé|Tafkin Féto Maraboulé]] * [[Lake Fobangou|Tafkin Fobangou]] * [[Lake Fonderé|Tafkin Fonderé]] * [[Lake Foroudougou|Tafkin Foroudougou]] * [[Lake Gabi|Tafkin Gabi]] * [[Lake Galigel|Tafkin Galigel]] * [[Lake Galiya|Tafkin Galiya]] * [[Lake Garia|Tafkin Garia]] * [[Lake Gassi|Tafkin Gassi]] * [[Lake Gomaga|Tafkin Gomaga]] * Tafkin Gossi * [[Lake Goua|Tafkin Goua]] * [[Lake Gougol|Tafkin Gougol]] * [[Lake Gounako|Tafkin Gounako]] * [[Lake Goundaka|Tafkin Goundaka]] * [[Lake Goussou|Tafkin Goussou]] * [[Lake Guéou|Tafkin Guéou]] * [[Lake I-n-Daroua|Tafkin I-n-Daroua]] * [[Lake I-n-Tetouft|Tafkin I-n-Tetouft]] * [[Lake Ioussa|Tafkin Ioussa]] * [[Lake Kabara|Tafkin Kabara]] * [[Lake Kâde|Tafkin Kâde]] * [[Lake Kamne|Tafkin Kamne]] * [[Lake Kan|Tafkin Kan]] * [[Lake Kandéfougou|Tafkin Kandéfougou]] * [[Lake Kangara|Tafkin Kangara]] * [[Lake KanieKobo|Tafkin KanieKobo]] * [[Lake Kanou|Tafkin Kanou]] * [[Lake Karangara|Tafkin Karangara]] * [[Lake Karsa|Tafkin Karsa]] * [[Lake Kati|Tafkin Kati]] * [[Lake Koboro|Tafkin Koboro]] * [[Lake Koguié|Tafkin Koguié]] * [[Lake Kokorourou|Tafkin Kokorourou]] * [[Lake Kokoungari|Tafkin Kokoungari]] * [[Lake Kondiré|Tafkin Kondiré]] * [[Lake Kossokosso|Tafkin Kossokosso]] * [[Lake Kouma|Tafkin Kouma]] * [[Lake Koumana|Tafkin Koumana]] * [[Lake Kounaguel|Tafkin Kounaguel]] == Manazarta == 6dgm2tmtirnnkpzxp36w4ckc2ezi6ex 0 152651 841287 2026-05-28T09:16:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343626990|Lake Débo]]" 841287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Débo''' tafki ne a tsakiyar [[Mali]], wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta lokacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] ta kafa. Yana cikin Inner Niger Delta na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] . A lokacin manyan matakai na ruwa na kogin, delta da tabkuna, koguna, da kuma ruwa na baya sun zama wani ɓangare na Tafkin Débo. Delta na ciki yana da tashoshi masu yawa, waɗanda ba su da zurfi kuma suna da ambaliyar ruwa; wannan delta ya kai tsawon (200 mil) tare da faɗin {{Convert|50|mi|km}} (50 . Tafkin Débo a lokacin babban kwarara, yana da nisan (50 daga Mopti a kan iyakarsa, a kudancin kudanci da kilomita {{Convert|240|km}} (150 mi) daga [[Timbuktu]] a cikin iyakarsa ta arewa maso gabas. Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin irin waɗannan wuraren da ke cikin yanayi da tabkuna waɗanda suka samar da Inner Niger Delta, kuma mafi girman tafkin a cikin Mali. Girmansa ya ragu sosai a lokacin fari na Satumba zuwa Maris. An kafa wanzuwar wannan tafkin da ake kira "Great Lake" a cikin delta na ciki na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] tsakanin [[Djenné|Jenne]] da Timbuktu a Mali bayan nazarin taswirar yankin da ya kai tsawon lokaci daga 1000 zuwa 1900 AD; An yi nazarin taswirori 400 na lokacin. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Lake_Debo_NASA.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Tafkin Débo da aka gani daga sararin samaniya]] Wannan tafkin, wanda ake kira "Great Lake" a cikin Delta na ciki na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] tsakanin [[Djenné|Jenne]] da [[Timbuktu]] a Mali, an san shi da Turawa tun daga farkon lokaci. Rahoton farko da aka sani game da shi ya kasance a cikin karni na farko BC. Ptolemy ya bayyana shi kamar yana da siffar [[barbell]]. Nazarin fiye da taswirar 400 na yankin da aka kirkira a cikin lokaci daga 1000 zuwa 1900 AD ya gano cewa tafkin ya bayyana a kashi 95 cikin dari; fasalin da aka nuna a kan wasu taswirar shine [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]].<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}</ref><ref name="Beacon">{{Cite web |last=Gerald J. Rizzo |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Beacon |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223241/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2013-04-23 |publisher=Afriterra Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerald J. Rizzo |year=2006 |title=The Patterns and Meaning of a Great Lake in West Africa |journal=Imago Mundi |volume=58 (Part 1) |pages=80–89 |doi=10.1080/03085690500362439}}</ref> An san tafkin a hanyoyi daban-daban kamar Nigrite Palus, Lake Sigisma, Lake Guber, Lake Guarda, Bog / Morais of Guarda, Lake Maberia, Bahar Seafeena, Lake Dibbie, amma yanzu an san shi da Lake Débo.<ref name="Maps" /><ref name="Beacon" /> An kimanta Kogin Neja a matsayin karamin kogi mai shekaru 2000 kuma har yanzu bai daidaita ba. Koyaya, tashoshin halitta sun sami canje-canje da yawa.<ref name="wetland">{{Cite web |title=Support Project for Wetland Management In the Inner Niger Delta |url=http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042541/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=22 March 2012 |publisher=Cmsdata.iucn.org}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:AT0903_map.png|right|thumb|Inner Niger Delta, gami da Lake Debo, taswirar yankin savanna mai ambaliyar ruwa]] An kafa [[Delta|tafkin]] ne a saman kogin Nijar da Kogin Bani. Ita ce mafi sanannun tafkin lacustrine a Mali, wanda ke da diamita na {{Convert|30|km}} km (19 kuma ba shi da zurfi kuma saboda haka manyan tasoshin ba za su iya wucewa ta tafkin ba. A cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na waɗannan koguna, gangaren tsaunuka suna da taushi sosai wanda ke haifar da jinkirin kwarara da ƙirƙirar wannan tafkin. Tudun da aka ruwaito kafin halittar tafkin shine {{Convert|5|ft|m|1}} a kowace (100 . <ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}</ref> Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu, na sama da na ƙasa. Shingen ya kai kilomita da yawa zuwa kudu. Bayan shingen, tafkin yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana da tsawo kuma ba a iya ganin isar da shi ba. Kogin Bara Lisa ya haɗu da Nijar sama da Dire. Yana fita daga deltas daga gabar arewacin Tafkin Debo kuma yana gudana gabas. [[Issa Baris]], babban hannun tafkin, ya fita daga tafkin a yamma kuma ya juya arewa maso gabas don shiga Bara Lisa. Tsarin ilimin ƙasa da aka rubuta a gadon tafkin "daga dutse mai zurfi na Precambrian sandstone da aka tarwatsa a cikin Taoudeni Syncline mai zurfi kuma an rufe shi da wani nau'i mai wuya na siminti-laterite. "Gidan da ke da shimfidar ƙasa na gadaje sun haifar da ƙirƙirar tsarin kewayawa da yawa, wanda ya haifar da kafa tsarin delta na ciki na Nijar. Delta na ciki don haka yana da tashoshi masu yawa, waɗanda ba su da zurfi kuma suna da ambaliyar ruwa; wannan delta ya kai tsawon {{Convert|200|mi|km}} (200 tare da faɗin kilomita {{Convert|50|mi|km}} (50 mi). An ƙaddara daga nazarin kusan taswirar 400 cewa ita ce delta wanda shine asalin tafkin kuma tafkin shine mafi girma a cikin delta.<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html "The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection"]. Afriterra.org. Archived from [http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html the original] on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Yana da mahimmanci ga tashar kogi mai faɗi tare da girmansa yana canzawa tare da bambancin matakin ruwa a cikin tafkin. Har ila yau, yana ba da tabbacin yanayin ruwan da aka katange kuma ya haɗa da Erg na yankin Bara. Matsakaicin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin tafkin da delta yana faruwa a lokacin Nuwamba da Disamba. A ƙasan Tafkin Debo, kwarin Niger yana da tafkuna da yawa, waɗanda suka yi ƙasa da matakin kogin. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsakiyar delta, tafkin shine mafi girma. Ganin cewa yana cikin Kogin Niger, girmansa ya bambanta da canjin matakin ruwa. kuma ambaliyar ruwa ta fi yawa tana faruwa a kogin a watan Nuwamba da Disamba. Tafkin yana da faɗin ruwa mai faɗi a kowane gefe. Kogin da aka samar a mashigar tafkin yana da faɗin {{Convert|6|mi|km|0}} tsawon {{Convert|6|mi|km|0}} ƙasa, inda bayan ya ragu, sai ya zube zuwa cikin hanyoyi da yawa; tsibiran da ke da dausayi suna samuwa kuma zurfin ruwa yana cikin kewayon {{Convert|8|-|10|ft|m|1}} . Foolahs, [[Bararoji|makiyayan]] da ke zaune a nan, suna amfani da waɗannan fadama a matsayin wurin kiwo a lokacin rani sannan daga baya su koma gidajensu a cikin kwarin. == Manazarta == fselwk3xep4mgf0q0zlvvppqdvjxufx 841288 841287 2026-05-28T09:17:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 841288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Débo''' tafki ne a tsakiyar [[Mali]], wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta lokacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] ta kafa. Yana cikin Inner Niger Delta na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] . A lokacin manyan matakai na ruwa na kogin, delta da tabkuna, koguna, da kuma ruwa na baya sun zama wani ɓangare na Tafkin Débo. Delta na ciki yana da tashoshi masu yawa, waɗanda ba su da zurfi kuma suna da ambaliyar ruwa; wannan delta ya kai tsawon (200 mil) tare da faɗin {{Convert|50|mi|km}} (50 . Tafkin Débo a lokacin babban kwarara, yana da nisan (50 daga Mopti a kan iyakarsa, a kudancin kudanci da kilomita {{Convert|240|km}} (150 mi) daga [[Timbuktu]] a cikin iyakarsa ta arewa maso gabas. Ita ce mafi girma daga cikin irin waɗannan wuraren da ke cikin yanayi da tabkuna waɗanda suka samar da Inner Niger Delta, kuma mafi girman tafkin a cikin Mali. Girmansa ya ragu sosai a lokacin fari na Satumba zuwa Maris. An kafa wanzuwar wannan tafkin da ake kira "Great Lake" a cikin delta na ciki na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] tsakanin [[Djenné|Jenne]] da Timbuktu a Mali bayan nazarin taswirar yankin da ya kai tsawon lokaci daga 1000 zuwa 1900 AD; An yi nazarin taswirori 400 na lokacin. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Lake_Debo_NASA.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Tafkin Débo da aka gani daga sararin samaniya]] Wannan tafkin, wanda ake kira "Great Lake" a cikin Delta na ciki na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] tsakanin [[Djenné|Jenne]] da [[Timbuktu]] a Mali, an san shi da Turawa tun daga farkon lokaci. Rahoton farko da aka sani game da shi ya kasance a cikin karni na farko BC. Ptolemy ya bayyana shi kamar yana da siffar [[barbell]]. Nazarin fiye da taswirar 400 na yankin da aka kirkira a cikin lokaci daga 1000 zuwa 1900 AD ya gano cewa tafkin ya bayyana a kashi 95 cikin dari; fasalin da aka nuna a kan wasu taswirar shine [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]].<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}</ref><ref name="Beacon">{{Cite web |last=Gerald J. Rizzo |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Beacon |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223241/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2013-04-23 |publisher=Afriterra Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerald J. Rizzo |year=2006 |title=The Patterns and Meaning of a Great Lake in West Africa |journal=Imago Mundi |volume=58 (Part 1) |pages=80–89 |doi=10.1080/03085690500362439}}</ref> An san tafkin a hanyoyi daban-daban kamar Nigrite Palus, Lake Sigisma, Lake Guber, Lake Guarda, Bog / Morais of Guarda, Lake Maberia, Bahar Seafeena, Lake Dibbie, amma yanzu an san shi da Lake Débo.<ref name="Maps" /><ref name="Beacon" /> An kimanta Kogin Neja a matsayin karamin kogi mai shekaru 2000 kuma har yanzu bai daidaita ba. Koyaya, tashoshin halitta sun sami canje-canje da yawa.<ref name="wetland">{{Cite web |title=Support Project for Wetland Management In the Inner Niger Delta |url=http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042541/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=22 March 2012 |publisher=Cmsdata.iucn.org}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:AT0903_map.png|right|thumb|Inner Niger Delta, gami da Lake Debo, taswirar yankin savanna mai ambaliyar ruwa]] An kafa [[Delta|tafkin]] ne a saman kogin Nijar da Kogin Bani. Ita ce mafi sanannun tafkin lacustrine a Mali, wanda ke da diamita na {{Convert|30|km}} km (19 kuma ba shi da zurfi kuma saboda haka manyan tasoshin ba za su iya wucewa ta tafkin ba. A cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo na waɗannan koguna, gangaren tsaunuka suna da taushi sosai wanda ke haifar da jinkirin kwarara da ƙirƙirar wannan tafkin. Tudun da aka ruwaito kafin halittar tafkin shine {{Convert|5|ft|m|1}} a kowace (100 . <ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}</ref> Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu, na sama da na ƙasa. Shingen ya kai kilomita da yawa zuwa kudu. Bayan shingen, tafkin yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana da tsawo kuma ba a iya ganin isar da shi ba. Kogin Bara Lisa ya haɗu da Nijar sama da Dire. Yana fita daga deltas daga gabar arewacin Tafkin Debo kuma yana gudana gabas. [[Issa Baris]], babban hannun tafkin, ya fita daga tafkin a yamma kuma ya juya arewa maso gabas don shiga Bara Lisa. Tsarin ilimin ƙasa da aka rubuta a gadon tafkin "daga dutse mai zurfi na Precambrian sandstone da aka tarwatsa a cikin Taoudeni Syncline mai zurfi kuma an rufe shi da wani nau'i mai wuya na siminti-laterite. "Gidan da ke da shimfidar ƙasa na gadaje sun haifar da ƙirƙirar tsarin kewayawa da yawa, wanda ya haifar da kafa tsarin delta na ciki na Nijar. Delta na ciki don haka yana da tashoshi masu yawa, waɗanda ba su da zurfi kuma suna da ambaliyar ruwa; wannan delta ya kai tsawon {{Convert|200|mi|km}} (200 tare da faɗin kilomita {{Convert|50|mi|km}} (50 mi). An ƙaddara daga nazarin kusan taswirar 400 cewa ita ce delta wanda shine asalin tafkin kuma tafkin shine mafi girma a cikin delta.<ref name="Maps">{{Cite web |title=The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection |url=http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html |archive-date=9 June 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=Afriterra.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html "The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection"]. Afriterra.org. Archived from [http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html the original] on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Yana da mahimmanci ga tashar kogi mai faɗi tare da girmansa yana canzawa tare da bambancin matakin ruwa a cikin tafkin. Har ila yau, yana ba da tabbacin yanayin ruwan da aka katange kuma ya haɗa da Erg na yankin Bara. Matsakaicin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin tafkin da delta yana faruwa a lokacin Nuwamba da Disamba. A ƙasan Tafkin Debo, kwarin Niger yana da tafkuna da yawa, waɗanda suka yi ƙasa da matakin kogin. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsakiyar delta, tafkin shine mafi girma. Ganin cewa yana cikin Kogin Niger, girmansa ya bambanta da canjin matakin ruwa. kuma ambaliyar ruwa ta fi yawa tana faruwa a kogin a watan Nuwamba da Disamba. Tafkin yana da faɗin ruwa mai faɗi a kowane gefe. Kogin da aka samar a mashigar tafkin yana da faɗin {{Convert|6|mi|km|0}} tsawon {{Convert|6|mi|km|0}} ƙasa, inda bayan ya ragu, sai ya zube zuwa cikin hanyoyi da yawa; tsibiran da ke da dausayi suna samuwa kuma zurfin ruwa yana cikin kewayon {{Convert|8|-|10|ft|m|1}} . Foolahs, [[Bararoji|makiyayan]] da ke zaune a nan, suna amfani da waɗannan fadama a matsayin wurin kiwo a lokacin rani sannan daga baya su koma gidajensu a cikin kwarin. == Manazarta == p7wqybrvgw0rlqop2ojio25dzup92o3 0 152652 841289 2026-05-28T09:17:21Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347791379|Bright Chimezie]]" 841289 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Bright Chimezie''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960) mawaƙin Najeriya ne wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa mai tasiri da ake kira <nowiki>'''Zigima Sound'''</nowiki>. Asalinsa daga Jihar Abia ne a Najeriya, kuma ya fara samun shahara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLASHBACK: The Originator Of Zigima Sound, Bright Chimezie |url=http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709120959/http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=9ja Happenings |publisher=Fola Akintomide}}</ref>Bright Chimezie ya yi fice ne saboda irin salon waƙarsa na musamman wanda ya haɗa kiɗan gargajiyar Najeriya, Igbo highlife da kuma rerawa cikin tsarin ɗaga murya mai kama da anfani da magana cikin kiɗa. Waƙoƙinsa suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar mulkin mallaka, cin zarafin tattalin arziki da kuma martabar al’adu, tare da amfani da barkwanci da salo na nishaɗi a cikin baitocinsa. Bright Chimezie ya fitar da sanannun waƙoƙi da yawa, ciki har da "Ube Nwanne," "Saboda Turanci," "Gaskiya Afirka," da "African Style". Taimakon da ya bayar wajen inganta al'adun Afirka da dabi'u ya ba shi taken "The Duke of African Music. " An kuma san shi da matakan rawa. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 4urg46luid2s58yt2vyyym9ej84f64t 841293 841289 2026-05-28T09:18:18Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347791379|Bright Chimezie]]" 841293 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Bright Chimezie''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960) mawaƙin Najeriya ne wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa mai tasiri da ake kira <nowiki>'''Zigima Sound'''</nowiki>. Asalinsa daga Jihar Abia ne a Najeriya, kuma ya fara samun shahara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLASHBACK: The Originator Of Zigima Sound, Bright Chimezie |url=http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709120959/http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=9ja Happenings |publisher=Fola Akintomide}}</ref>Bright Chimezie ya yi fice ne saboda irin salon waƙarsa na musamman wanda ya haɗa kiɗan gargajiyar Najeriya, Igbo highlife da kuma rerawa cikin tsarin ɗaga murya mai kama da anfani da magana cikin kiɗa. Waƙoƙinsa suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar mulkin mallaka, cin zarafin tattalin arziki da kuma martabar al’adu, tare da amfani da barkwanci da salo na nishaɗi a cikin baitocinsa. Bright Chimezie ya fitar da sanannun waƙoƙi da yawa, ciki har da "Ube Nwanne," "Saboda Turanci," "Gaskiya Afirka," da "African Style". Taimakon da ya bayar wajen inganta al'adun Afirka da dabi'u ya ba shi taken "The Duke of African Music. " An kuma san shi da matakan rawa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bright Chimezie a cikin iyalin Reverend da Mrs. Ezekiel Iromuoh na ƙauyen Ekeoba, [[Umuahia]], babban birnin [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. Tafiyar kiɗa ta Bright Chimezie ta fara ne tun tana 'yar shekara 7, lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar al'adu ta danginsa, daga baya ya zama shugabansu. Yayinda yake matashi, Bright Chimezie ya shiga cikin Ikilisiyar Methodist Ekeoba Choir, inda ya raira waƙar alto kuma ya shiga cikin wasanni da rikodin da yawa. Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Makarantar Tsakiya ta Umuhu, Umuahia, duk da kalubalen da yakin basasa ya kawo, Bright Chimezie ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ohuhu a Amaogwugwu, Umuahiya . A lokacin da yake can, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaranta kuma ya haɗa kai da wasu shahararrun kungiyoyin Gabas tsakanin 1974 da 1979. Ya kuma fara fitowa a talabijin a 1976 a wani shirin NTA. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1976, Chimezie ya shiga kungiyar Modernized Odumodu Cultural Dance Group, wacce ta kware wajen ba da labari ta hanyar kiɗa. Kungiyar ta sami karbuwa a duk gabashin Najeriya har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe ta a shekarar 1979. A [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Chimezie ta shiga Kungiyar Kwastam da Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya, tana yawon shakatawa a kasar. A shekara ta 1984, ya tashi daga Kungiyar Kwastam da Haraji ta Najeriya don kafa "Ziggima," ƙungiyar kiɗa wacce ta haɗu da kiɗa na gargajiya na Afirka tare da abubuwan kiɗa na al'adun Igbo da kuma matakan rawa masu ban sha'awa. Sunan Ziggima ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Igbo "ozi gi ma," ma'ana "saƙon da ka riga ka sani". == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1984, Bright Chimezie, wanda aka fi sani da Okoro Junior, ya gabatar da Zigima Movement zuwa yanayin kiɗa tare da kundi na farko, Respect Africa . Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi kamar su Respect Africa, ''Lekwe Uwa M'', ''Liza'', da You Can Never Hurry The Sunrise . An saki kundi na gaba, Life of Yesterday, a farkon shekara ta 1987 kuma ya haɗa da waƙoƙi kamar No True Love (wanda ake kira Where Is Love?), ''Nne m Oma'' (kyauta ga mahaifiyarsa), da Message Boy . Gabaɗaya, Chimezie ya fitar da kundi takwas a cikin aikinsa na kiɗa. A watan Yunin 2025, Bright Chimezie ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci tare da Sony Music Publishing don fadada iyakar duniya na kundin kiɗa, wanda ya haɗu da rayuwar gargajiya ta Igbo tare da tasirin zamani. Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar inganta al'adun kiɗa na Afirka a kan sikelin duniya. Waƙar Chimezie ta 1984 "Saboda Turanci", tana ba da labari da kuma sukar azabtarwar da wasu makarantu suka yi amfani da ita a Najeriya ga ɗalibai da ke amfani da harsunan gida maimakon Turanci, sun sami sabon yunkuri a cikin 2025 lokacin da [[Davido]] ya samo shi a kan waƙar ''Tare da Kai'', wanda ya sa ya saki sigar sauti. == Ayyukan mataki == Ya yi aiki a wurare kamar London, Austria, Brazil, da sauran ƙasashe daban-daban. Musamman, Bright Chimezie ya wakilci Najeriya a bikin al'adu na OPEC da aka gudanar a Caracas, Venezuela, inda ya nuna kiɗa da al'adun ƙasarsa. Ya yi wa [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a 1990 kuma Mandela da matarsa [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Mandela]] sun rungume shi da farin ciki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kizaro5 |date=2013-12-07 |title=This is Kizaro's Blog: Flashback: When Mandela Came To Town |url=http://kizarofaro.blogspot.com/2013/12/flashback-when-mandela-came-to-town.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=This is Kizaro's Blog}}</ref> Ya karbi kyaututtuka daga cibiyoyin kamar Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, da Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Najeriya, Tribune Chapter, don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ya samu na kiɗa. Musamman, mahaifin sarauta, Oba Omowonuola Oyeyede Oyeyonsin II, daga [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ya ba shi taken "Duke of African Music".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright Chimezie biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16331/bright-chimezie |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == Baya ga kokarinsa na kiɗa, Bright Chimezie ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Najeriya, gami da "Deadly Proposal," "Abuja Boys," da sauransu. == Iyali == Bright Chimezie ta auri Chinyere Chimezie, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar, Kelechi, Chukwuemeka, Chukwudi, Chinemeze (Micheal), da Chidinma. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Ba za ku iya hanzarta fitowar rana ba * Ala Eze * Liza * Enwete lam Nwa Baby * Wannan Gidanmu ne * Gaisuwa a Afirka * Ube Nwanne * Sauti na Achorom Zigma * Shin Mu Obi Gi Ocha * Halin Oyinbo * Ka tuna da Tushen Ka * Mama Babu Na Obim * Nne Oma * Oji Mu Eme Onu * Girmama Afirka * Saboda Turanci * Ina da Rhythm * Rayuwa A Malami * Iheoma Si Gi Na Obi * Ifeoma-2021 * Ɗan saƙo * Rayuwa ta jiya * Ina soyayya take <ref>{{Cite web |title=bright chimezie songs - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=bright+chimezie+songs&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjGCcY6gIyCQgCEC4YJxjqAjIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGCcY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQk1ODUyMGowajeoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&clie=1 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jc34ybf6nhodn45j253oqn4te47na85 841298 841293 2026-05-28T09:19:22Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841298 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Bright Chimezie''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960) mawaƙin Najeriya ne wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa mai tasiri da ake kira <nowiki>'''Zigima Sound'''</nowiki>. Asalinsa daga Jihar Abia ne a Najeriya, kuma ya fara samun shahara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLASHBACK: The Originator Of Zigima Sound, Bright Chimezie |url=http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709120959/http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=9ja Happenings |publisher=Fola Akintomide}}</ref>Bright Chimezie ya yi fice ne saboda irin salon waƙarsa na musamman wanda ya haɗa kiɗan gargajiyar Najeriya, Igbo highlife da kuma rerawa cikin tsarin ɗaga murya mai kama da anfani da magana cikin kiɗa. Waƙoƙinsa suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar mulkin mallaka, cin zarafin tattalin arziki da kuma martabar al’adu, tare da amfani da barkwanci da salo na nishaɗi a cikin baitocinsa. Bright Chimezie ya fitar da sanannun waƙoƙi da yawa, ciki har da "Ube Nwanne," "Saboda Turanci," "Gaskiya Afirka," da "African Style". Taimakon da ya bayar wajen inganta al'adun Afirka da dabi'u ya ba shi taken "The Duke of African Music. " An kuma san shi da matakan rawa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bright Chimezie a cikin iyalin Reverend da Mrs. Ezekiel Iromuoh na ƙauyen Ekeoba, [[Umuahia]], babban birnin [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. Tafiyar kiɗa ta Bright Chimezie ta fara ne tun tana 'yar shekara 7, lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar al'adu ta danginsa, daga baya ya zama shugabansu. Yayinda yake matashi, Bright Chimezie ya shiga cikin Ikilisiyar Methodist Ekeoba Choir, inda ya raira waƙar alto kuma ya shiga cikin wasanni da rikodin da yawa. Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Makarantar Tsakiya ta Umuhu, Umuahia, duk da kalubalen da yakin basasa ya kawo, Bright Chimezie ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ohuhu a Amaogwugwu, Umuahiya . A lokacin da yake can, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaranta kuma ya haɗa kai da wasu shahararrun kungiyoyin Gabas tsakanin 1974 da 1979. Ya kuma fara fitowa a talabijin a 1976 a wani shirin NTA. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1976, Chimezie ya shiga kungiyar Modernized Odumodu Cultural Dance Group, wacce ta kware wajen ba da labari ta hanyar kiɗa. Kungiyar ta sami karbuwa a duk gabashin Najeriya har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe ta a shekarar 1979. A [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Chimezie ta shiga Kungiyar Kwastam da Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya, tana yawon shakatawa a kasar. A shekara ta 1984, ya tashi daga Kungiyar Kwastam da Haraji ta Najeriya don kafa "Ziggima," ƙungiyar kiɗa wacce ta haɗu da kiɗa na gargajiya na Afirka tare da abubuwan kiɗa na al'adun Igbo da kuma matakan rawa masu ban sha'awa. Sunan Ziggima ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Igbo "ozi gi ma," ma'ana "saƙon da ka riga ka sani". == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1984, Bright Chimezie, wanda aka fi sani da Okoro Junior, ya gabatar da Zigima Movement zuwa yanayin kiɗa tare da kundi na farko, Respect Africa . Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi kamar su Respect Africa, ''Lekwe Uwa M'', ''Liza'', da You Can Never Hurry The Sunrise . An saki kundi na gaba, Life of Yesterday, a farkon shekara ta 1987 kuma ya haɗa da waƙoƙi kamar No True Love (wanda ake kira Where Is Love?), ''Nne m Oma'' (kyauta ga mahaifiyarsa), da Message Boy . Gabaɗaya, Chimezie ya fitar da kundi takwas a cikin aikinsa na kiɗa. A watan Yunin 2025, Bright Chimezie ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci tare da Sony Music Publishing don fadada iyakar duniya na kundin kiɗa, wanda ya haɗu da rayuwar gargajiya ta Igbo tare da tasirin zamani. Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar inganta al'adun kiɗa na Afirka a kan sikelin duniya. Waƙar Chimezie ta 1984 "Saboda Turanci", tana ba da labari da kuma sukar azabtarwar da wasu makarantu suka yi amfani da ita a Najeriya ga ɗalibai da ke amfani da harsunan gida maimakon Turanci, sun sami sabon yunkuri a cikin 2025 lokacin da [[Davido]] ya samo shi a kan waƙar ''Tare da Kai'', wanda ya sa ya saki sigar sauti. == Ayyukan mataki == Ya yi aiki a wurare kamar London, Austria, Brazil, da sauran ƙasashe daban-daban. Musamman, Bright Chimezie ya wakilci Najeriya a bikin al'adu na OPEC da aka gudanar a Caracas, Venezuela, inda ya nuna kiɗa da al'adun ƙasarsa. Ya yi wa [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a 1990 kuma Mandela da matarsa [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Mandela]] sun rungume shi da farin ciki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kizaro5 |date=2013-12-07 |title=This is Kizaro's Blog: Flashback: When Mandela Came To Town |url=http://kizarofaro.blogspot.com/2013/12/flashback-when-mandela-came-to-town.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=This is Kizaro's Blog}}</ref> Ya karbi kyaututtuka daga cibiyoyin kamar Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, da Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Najeriya, Tribune Chapter, don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ya samu na kiɗa. Musamman, mahaifin sarauta, Oba Omowonuola Oyeyede Oyeyonsin II, daga [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ya ba shi taken "Duke of African Music".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright Chimezie biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16331/bright-chimezie |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == Baya ga kokarinsa na kiɗa, Bright Chimezie ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Najeriya, gami da "Deadly Proposal," "Abuja Boys," da sauransu. == Iyali == Bright Chimezie ta auri Chinyere Chimezie, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar, Kelechi, Chukwuemeka, Chukwudi, Chinemeze (Micheal), da Chidinma. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Ba za ku iya hanzarta fitowar rana ba * Ala Eze * Liza * Enwete lam Nwa Baby * Wannan Gidanmu ne * Gaisuwa a Afirka * Ube Nwanne * Sauti na Achorom Zigma * Shin Mu Obi Gi Ocha * Halin Oyinbo * Ka tuna da Tushen Ka * Mama Babu Na Obim * Nne Oma * Oji Mu Eme Onu * Girmama Afirka * Saboda Turanci * Ina da Rhythm * Rayuwa A Malami * Iheoma Si Gi Na Obi * Ifeoma-2021 * Ɗan saƙo * Rayuwa ta jiya * Ina soyayya take <ref>{{Cite web |title=bright chimezie songs - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=bright+chimezie+songs&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjGCcY6gIyCQgCEC4YJxjqAjIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGCcY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQk1ODUyMGowajeoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&clie=1 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrr9kc865e9zqa9i5uy9fxengvqexnt 841301 841298 2026-05-28T09:20:12Z Al husuna 36457 841301 wikitext text/x-wiki  <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki>  '''Bright Chimezie''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960) mawaƙin Najeriya ne wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa mai tasiri da ake kira <nowiki>'''Zigima Sound'''</nowiki>. Asalinsa daga Jihar Abia ne a Najeriya, kuma ya fara samun shahara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLASHBACK: The Originator Of Zigima Sound, Bright Chimezie |url=http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709120959/http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=9ja Happenings |publisher=Fola Akintomide}}</ref>Bright Chimezie ya yi fice ne saboda irin salon waƙarsa na musamman wanda ya haɗa kiɗan gargajiyar Najeriya, Igbo highlife da kuma rerawa cikin tsarin ɗaga murya mai kama da anfani da magana cikin kiɗa. Waƙoƙinsa suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar mulkin mallaka, cin zarafin tattalin arziki da kuma martabar al’adu, tare da amfani da barkwanci da salo na nishaɗi a cikin baitocinsa. Bright Chimezie ya fitar da sanannun waƙoƙi da yawa, ciki har da "Ube Nwanne," "Saboda Turanci," "Gaskiya Afirka," da "African Style". Taimakon da ya bayar wajen inganta al'adun Afirka da dabi'u ya ba shi taken "The Duke of African Music. " An kuma san shi da matakan rawa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bright Chimezie a cikin iyalin Reverend da Mrs. Ezekiel Iromuoh na ƙauyen Ekeoba, [[Umuahia]], babban birnin [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. Tafiyar kiɗa ta Bright Chimezie ta fara ne tun tana 'yar shekara 7, lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar al'adu ta danginsa, daga baya ya zama shugabansu. Yayinda yake matashi, Bright Chimezie ya shiga cikin Ikilisiyar Methodist Ekeoba Choir, inda ya raira waƙar alto kuma ya shiga cikin wasanni da rikodin da yawa. Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Makarantar Tsakiya ta Umuhu, Umuahia, duk da kalubalen da yakin basasa ya kawo, Bright Chimezie ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ohuhu a Amaogwugwu, Umuahiya . A lokacin da yake can, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaranta kuma ya haɗa kai da wasu shahararrun kungiyoyin Gabas tsakanin 1974 da 1979. Ya kuma fara fitowa a talabijin a 1976 a wani shirin NTA. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1976, Chimezie ya shiga kungiyar Modernized Odumodu Cultural Dance Group, wacce ta kware wajen ba da labari ta hanyar kiɗa. Kungiyar ta sami karbuwa a duk gabashin Najeriya har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe ta a shekarar 1979. A [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Chimezie ta shiga Kungiyar Kwastam da Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya, tana yawon shakatawa a kasar. A shekara ta 1984, ya tashi daga Kungiyar Kwastam da Haraji ta Najeriya don kafa "Ziggima," ƙungiyar kiɗa wacce ta haɗu da kiɗa na gargajiya na Afirka tare da abubuwan kiɗa na al'adun Igbo da kuma matakan rawa masu ban sha'awa. Sunan Ziggima ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Igbo "ozi gi ma," ma'ana "saƙon da ka riga ka sani". == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1984, Bright Chimezie, wanda aka fi sani da Okoro Junior, ya gabatar da Zigima Movement zuwa yanayin kiɗa tare da kundi na farko, Respect Africa . Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi kamar su Respect Africa, ''Lekwe Uwa M'', ''Liza'', da You Can Never Hurry The Sunrise . An saki kundi na gaba, Life of Yesterday, a farkon shekara ta 1987 kuma ya haɗa da waƙoƙi kamar No True Love (wanda ake kira Where Is Love?), ''Nne m Oma'' (kyauta ga mahaifiyarsa), da Message Boy . Gabaɗaya, Chimezie ya fitar da kundi takwas a cikin aikinsa na kiɗa. A watan Yunin 2025, Bright Chimezie ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci tare da Sony Music Publishing don fadada iyakar duniya na kundin kiɗa, wanda ya haɗu da rayuwar gargajiya ta Igbo tare da tasirin zamani. Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar inganta al'adun kiɗa na Afirka a kan sikelin duniya. Waƙar Chimezie ta 1984 "Saboda Turanci", tana ba da labari da kuma sukar azabtarwar da wasu makarantu suka yi amfani da ita a Najeriya ga ɗalibai da ke amfani da harsunan gida maimakon Turanci, sun sami sabon yunkuri a cikin 2025 lokacin da [[Davido]] ya samo shi a kan waƙar ''Tare da Kai'', wanda ya sa ya saki sigar sauti. == Ayyukan mataki == Ya yi aiki a wurare kamar London, Austria, Brazil, da sauran ƙasashe daban-daban. Musamman, Bright Chimezie ya wakilci Najeriya a bikin al'adu na OPEC da aka gudanar a Caracas, Venezuela, inda ya nuna kiɗa da al'adun ƙasarsa. Ya yi wa [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a 1990 kuma Mandela da matarsa [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Mandela]] sun rungume shi da farin ciki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kizaro5 |date=2013-12-07 |title=This is Kizaro's Blog: Flashback: When Mandela Came To Town |url=http://kizarofaro.blogspot.com/2013/12/flashback-when-mandela-came-to-town.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=This is Kizaro's Blog}}</ref> Ya karbi kyaututtuka daga cibiyoyin kamar Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, da Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Najeriya, Tribune Chapter, don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ya samu na kiɗa. Musamman, mahaifin sarauta, Oba Omowonuola Oyeyede Oyeyonsin II, daga [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ya ba shi taken "Duke of African Music".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright Chimezie biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16331/bright-chimezie |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == Baya ga kokarinsa na kiɗa, Bright Chimezie ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Najeriya, gami da "Deadly Proposal," "Abuja Boys," da sauransu. == Iyali == Bright Chimezie ta auri Chinyere Chimezie, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar, Kelechi, Chukwuemeka, Chukwudi, Chinemeze (Micheal), da Chidinma. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Ba za ku iya hanzarta fitowar rana ba * Ala Eze * Liza * Enwete lam Nwa Baby * Wannan Gidanmu ne * Gaisuwa a Afirka * Ube Nwanne * Sauti na Achorom Zigma * Shin Mu Obi Gi Ocha * Halin Oyinbo * Ka tuna da Tushen Ka * Mama Babu Na Obim * Nne Oma * Oji Mu Eme Onu * Girmama Afirka * Saboda Turanci * Ina da Rhythm * Rayuwa A Malami * Iheoma Si Gi Na Obi * Ifeoma-2021 * Ɗan saƙo * Rayuwa ta jiya * Ina soyayya take <ref>{{Cite web |title=bright chimezie songs - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=bright+chimezie+songs&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjGCcY6gIyCQgCEC4YJxjqAjIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGCcY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQk1ODUyMGowajeoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&clie=1 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] n25x4bg3gt61ttfhrm47ld8r3f2dz65 841305 841301 2026-05-28T09:20:30Z Al husuna 36457 841305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bright Chimezie''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1960) mawaƙin Najeriya ne wanda ya shahara da salon waƙarsa mai tasiri da ake kira <nowiki>'''Zigima Sound'''</nowiki>. Asalinsa daga Jihar Abia ne a Najeriya, kuma ya fara samun shahara a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FLASHBACK: The Originator Of Zigima Sound, Bright Chimezie |url=http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709120959/http://www.9ja.happenings.com.ng/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/FLASHBACK-The-Originator-Of-Zigima-Sound-Bright-Chimezie |archive-date=9 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |website=9ja Happenings |publisher=Fola Akintomide}}</ref>Bright Chimezie ya yi fice ne saboda irin salon waƙarsa na musamman wanda ya haɗa kiɗan gargajiyar Najeriya, Igbo highlife da kuma rerawa cikin tsarin ɗaga murya mai kama da anfani da magana cikin kiɗa. Waƙoƙinsa suna tattauna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar mulkin mallaka, cin zarafin tattalin arziki da kuma martabar al’adu, tare da amfani da barkwanci da salo na nishaɗi a cikin baitocinsa. Bright Chimezie ya fitar da sanannun waƙoƙi da yawa, ciki har da "Ube Nwanne," "Saboda Turanci," "Gaskiya Afirka," da "African Style". Taimakon da ya bayar wajen inganta al'adun Afirka da dabi'u ya ba shi taken "The Duke of African Music. " An kuma san shi da matakan rawa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bright Chimezie a cikin iyalin Reverend da Mrs. Ezekiel Iromuoh na ƙauyen Ekeoba, [[Umuahia]], babban birnin [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. Tafiyar kiɗa ta Bright Chimezie ta fara ne tun tana 'yar shekara 7, lokacin da ya shiga ƙungiyar al'adu ta danginsa, daga baya ya zama shugabansu. Yayinda yake matashi, Bright Chimezie ya shiga cikin Ikilisiyar Methodist Ekeoba Choir, inda ya raira waƙar alto kuma ya shiga cikin wasanni da rikodin da yawa. Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a Makarantar Tsakiya ta Umuhu, Umuahia, duk da kalubalen da yakin basasa ya kawo, Bright Chimezie ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ohuhu a Amaogwugwu, Umuahiya . A lokacin da yake can, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaranta kuma ya haɗa kai da wasu shahararrun kungiyoyin Gabas tsakanin 1974 da 1979. Ya kuma fara fitowa a talabijin a 1976 a wani shirin NTA. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1976, Chimezie ya shiga kungiyar Modernized Odumodu Cultural Dance Group, wacce ta kware wajen ba da labari ta hanyar kiɗa. Kungiyar ta sami karbuwa a duk gabashin Najeriya har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe ta a shekarar 1979. A [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Chimezie ta shiga Kungiyar Kwastam da Tattalin Arziki ta Najeriya, tana yawon shakatawa a kasar. A shekara ta 1984, ya tashi daga Kungiyar Kwastam da Haraji ta Najeriya don kafa "Ziggima," ƙungiyar kiɗa wacce ta haɗu da kiɗa na gargajiya na Afirka tare da abubuwan kiɗa na al'adun Igbo da kuma matakan rawa masu ban sha'awa. Sunan Ziggima ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Igbo "ozi gi ma," ma'ana "saƙon da ka riga ka sani". == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1984, Bright Chimezie, wanda aka fi sani da Okoro Junior, ya gabatar da Zigima Movement zuwa yanayin kiɗa tare da kundi na farko, Respect Africa . Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi kamar su Respect Africa, ''Lekwe Uwa M'', ''Liza'', da You Can Never Hurry The Sunrise . An saki kundi na gaba, Life of Yesterday, a farkon shekara ta 1987 kuma ya haɗa da waƙoƙi kamar No True Love (wanda ake kira Where Is Love?), ''Nne m Oma'' (kyauta ga mahaifiyarsa), da Message Boy . Gabaɗaya, Chimezie ya fitar da kundi takwas a cikin aikinsa na kiɗa. A watan Yunin 2025, Bright Chimezie ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci tare da Sony Music Publishing don fadada iyakar duniya na kundin kiɗa, wanda ya haɗu da rayuwar gargajiya ta Igbo tare da tasirin zamani. Yarjejeniyar tana da niyyar inganta al'adun kiɗa na Afirka a kan sikelin duniya. Waƙar Chimezie ta 1984 "Saboda Turanci", tana ba da labari da kuma sukar azabtarwar da wasu makarantu suka yi amfani da ita a Najeriya ga ɗalibai da ke amfani da harsunan gida maimakon Turanci, sun sami sabon yunkuri a cikin 2025 lokacin da [[Davido]] ya samo shi a kan waƙar ''Tare da Kai'', wanda ya sa ya saki sigar sauti. == Ayyukan mataki == Ya yi aiki a wurare kamar London, Austria, Brazil, da sauran ƙasashe daban-daban. Musamman, Bright Chimezie ya wakilci Najeriya a bikin al'adu na OPEC da aka gudanar a Caracas, Venezuela, inda ya nuna kiɗa da al'adun ƙasarsa. Ya yi wa [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokacin ziyarar da ya kai Najeriya bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a 1990 kuma Mandela da matarsa [[Winnie Madikizela-Mandela|Winnie Mandela]] sun rungume shi da farin ciki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kizaro5 |date=2013-12-07 |title=This is Kizaro's Blog: Flashback: When Mandela Came To Town |url=http://kizarofaro.blogspot.com/2013/12/flashback-when-mandela-came-to-town.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=This is Kizaro's Blog}}</ref> Ya karbi kyaututtuka daga cibiyoyin kamar Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, da Kungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Najeriya, Tribune Chapter, don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ya samu na kiɗa. Musamman, mahaifin sarauta, Oba Omowonuola Oyeyede Oyeyonsin II, daga [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ya ba shi taken "Duke of African Music".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright Chimezie biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16331/bright-chimezie |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == Baya ga kokarinsa na kiɗa, Bright Chimezie ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Najeriya, gami da "Deadly Proposal," "Abuja Boys," da sauransu. == Iyali == Bright Chimezie ta auri Chinyere Chimezie, kuma tare suna da 'ya'ya biyar, Kelechi, Chukwuemeka, Chukwudi, Chinemeze (Micheal), da Chidinma. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Ba za ku iya hanzarta fitowar rana ba * Ala Eze * Liza * Enwete lam Nwa Baby * Wannan Gidanmu ne * Gaisuwa a Afirka * Ube Nwanne * Sauti na Achorom Zigma * Shin Mu Obi Gi Ocha * Halin Oyinbo * Ka tuna da Tushen Ka * Mama Babu Na Obim * Nne Oma * Oji Mu Eme Onu * Girmama Afirka * Saboda Turanci * Ina da Rhythm * Rayuwa A Malami * Iheoma Si Gi Na Obi * Ifeoma-2021 * Ɗan saƙo * Rayuwa ta jiya * Ina soyayya take <ref>{{Cite web |title=bright chimezie songs - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=bright+chimezie+songs&oq=&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjGCcY6gIyCQgCEC4YJxjqAjIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGCcY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQk1ODUyMGowajeoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&clie=1 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 0b2bzkdsmc4yu8356aa99acen84bc6i 0 152653 841290 2026-05-28T09:17:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338903949|Mouassine Fountain]]" 841290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta Mouassine''' wani ɓangare ne na ginin addini na ƙarni na 16 na Masallacin Mouassine da ke [[Marrakesh]], [[Moroko|Morocco]] . Al'adar gina maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na jama'a a Marrakesh ta daɗe amma ta ɗauki wani babban hali a zamanin Saadi . == Tarihi == An gina ginin Masallacin Moussine tsakanin 1562-63 CE (970 AH ) da 1572-73 CE (980 AH) bisa umarnin sarkin Saadi Abdallah Al-Ghalib . <ref name=":0" /> {{Rp|34}}Ya haɗa da masallaci, ɗakin karatu, wurin [[Alwala|wanka]] na ''mîdhâ'', hammam da kuma marmaro na Mouassine. Ya kuma haɗa da [[Kuttab|makarantar Alƙur'ani ta yara]] ( ''msid'' ) wadda ba ta ci gaba da aiki a yau ba. Marmarar tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin madina ta Marrakesh, tare da marmaro na Masallacin Bab Doukkala da kuma marmaro na Shrob ou Shouf, duka biyun kuma sun kasance daga zamanin Saadian. Yana nan a arewacin ɗakin wanka na masallacin Mouassine. == Ayyuka == Kasancewar tsarin samar da ruwa da ake buƙata don ставка da hammam ya jagoranci gine-ginen Saadian don gina maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da wuraren sha a kusa da masallatai. Don haka, tambaya ce ta tabbatar da samar da gundumar da ruwan sha, yayin da ake yin rajistar wannan aikin a cikin addininsa tun lokacin da aka ba da abin sha a [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]] daya daga cikin mafi girman sadaka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mostafa |first=Saleh Lamei |date=1989 |title=The Cairene Sabil: Form and Meaning |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602278 |journal=Muqarnas |volume=6 |pages=33–42 |doi=10.2307/1602278 |issn=0732-2992 |jstor=1602278 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An saka maɓuɓɓugar kusa da arches guda uku wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da wuraren sha ga dabbobi. An tanadar da babban maɓuɓɓugar ga mutane yayin da wuraren shan giya guda biyu da ke kusa da shi; an rufe su da ɗakunan ajiya kuma an buɗe su kan titi ta hanyar arches uku, an yi amfani da su, a lokacin, don shayar da dabbobi, musamman jaki. == Gine-gine da kayan ado == Madinar Marrakesh tana da wuraren shan ruwa guda 45 na jama'a. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dangane da wurin da yake, kowace maɓuɓɓuga tana da kamanni mai girma ko kuma ƙaramin siffa. Manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, kamar na Mouassine, waɗanda aka ƙawata da yawa, suna kusa da masallatai da/ko kabarin. Waɗannan suna buƙatar a ba da wani ɓangare na gine-gine da ado ga wuraren da aka haɗa su kamar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. A gefe guda kuma, ƙananan unguwannin dole ne su sami 'yancin kai da damar samun ruwa, saboda haka girmansu ya dogara da girman unguwa, wasu daga cikinsu an yi musu ado yayin da wasu kuma sun fi sauƙi. Maɓuɓɓugar Mouassine tana da siffar rectangular kuma tana da babban buɗewa mai kama da bakan corbel. An yi bakan ne da itace kuma an rataye katako mai katako a sama da shi. Kusa da shi akwai wasu manyan arches guda uku waɗanda ke dauke da bututun shan giya. Dukkanin, waɗannan arches guda huɗu suna da sararin samaniya mai tsawon mita 18.1 da faɗin mita 4.7. Gidan maɓuɓɓugar yana da matakai waɗanda ke tallafawa na'urori biyu na gyare-gyare wanda ke hutawa da lintels guda uku da aka kare ta hanyar rufin. Dukkanin yana cikin itacen al'ul da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane na furanni. : 70–75 {{Rp|70–75}} 4evjtyjdhhou8hbtco2n49p2hukgb8z 841294 841290 2026-05-28T09:18:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta Mouassine''' wani ɓangare ne na ginin addini na ƙarni na 16 na Masallacin Mouassine da ke [[Marrakesh]], [[Moroko|Morocco]] . Al'adar gina maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na jama'a a Marrakesh ta daɗe amma ta ɗauki wani babban hali a zamanin Saadi . == Tarihi == An gina ginin Masallacin Moussine tsakanin 1562-63 CE (970 AH ) da 1572-73 CE (980 AH) bisa umarnin sarkin Saadi Abdallah Al-Ghalib . <ref name=":0" /> {{Rp|34}}Ya haɗa da masallaci, ɗakin karatu, wurin [[Alwala|wanka]] na ''mîdhâ'', hammam da kuma marmaro na Mouassine. Ya kuma haɗa da [[Kuttab|makarantar Alƙur'ani ta yara]] ( ''msid'' ) wadda ba ta ci gaba da aiki a yau ba. Marmarar tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin madina ta Marrakesh, tare da marmaro na Masallacin Bab Doukkala da kuma marmaro na Shrob ou Shouf, duka biyun kuma sun kasance daga zamanin Saadian. Yana nan a arewacin ɗakin wanka na masallacin Mouassine. == Ayyuka == Kasancewar tsarin samar da ruwa da ake buƙata don ставка da hammam ya jagoranci gine-ginen Saadian don gina maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da wuraren sha a kusa da masallatai. Don haka, tambaya ce ta tabbatar da samar da gundumar da ruwan sha, yayin da ake yin rajistar wannan aikin a cikin addininsa tun lokacin da aka ba da abin sha a [[Duniyar Musulunci|Duniyar Musulmi]] daya daga cikin mafi girman sadaka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mostafa |first=Saleh Lamei |date=1989 |title=The Cairene Sabil: Form and Meaning |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602278 |journal=Muqarnas |volume=6 |pages=33–42 |doi=10.2307/1602278 |issn=0732-2992 |jstor=1602278 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An saka maɓuɓɓugar kusa da arches guda uku wanda ya ba da damar yin amfani da wuraren sha ga dabbobi. An tanadar da babban maɓuɓɓugar ga mutane yayin da wuraren shan giya guda biyu da ke kusa da shi; an rufe su da ɗakunan ajiya kuma an buɗe su kan titi ta hanyar arches uku, an yi amfani da su, a lokacin, don shayar da dabbobi, musamman jaki. == Gine-gine da kayan ado == Madinar Marrakesh tana da wuraren shan ruwa guda 45 na jama'a. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dangane da wurin da yake, kowace maɓuɓɓuga tana da kamanni mai girma ko kuma ƙaramin siffa. Manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, kamar na Mouassine, waɗanda aka ƙawata da yawa, suna kusa da masallatai da/ko kabarin. Waɗannan suna buƙatar a ba da wani ɓangare na gine-gine da ado ga wuraren da aka haɗa su kamar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. A gefe guda kuma, ƙananan unguwannin dole ne su sami 'yancin kai da damar samun ruwa, saboda haka girmansu ya dogara da girman unguwa, wasu daga cikinsu an yi musu ado yayin da wasu kuma sun fi sauƙi. Maɓuɓɓugar Mouassine tana da siffar rectangular kuma tana da babban buɗewa mai kama da bakan corbel. An yi bakan ne da itace kuma an rataye katako mai katako a sama da shi. Kusa da shi akwai wasu manyan arches guda uku waɗanda ke dauke da bututun shan giya. Dukkanin, waɗannan arches guda huɗu suna da sararin samaniya mai tsawon mita 18.1 da faɗin mita 4.7. Gidan maɓuɓɓugar yana da matakai waɗanda ke tallafawa na'urori biyu na gyare-gyare wanda ke hutawa da lintels guda uku da aka kare ta hanyar rufin. Dukkanin yana cikin itacen al'ul da aka yi wa ado da zane-zane na furanni. : 70–75 {{Rp|70–75}} ==manazarta== i2vn5pge8e3pqwh3boy0t6jthb0cvwi 0 152654 841291 2026-05-28T09:17:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341938445|Lake Faguibine]]" 841291 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Tafkin Faguibine''' tafki ne a [[Mali]] a gefen kudancin hamadar [[Sahara]] wanda ke da nisan kilomita 80 a yammacin [[Timbuktu]] da nisan mita 75 a arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] wanda aka haɗa shi da tsarin ƙananan tabkuna da tashoshi. A cikin shekaru lokacin da tsawo na ambaliyar shekara-shekara na kogin ya isa, ruwa yana gudana daga kogin zuwa tafkin. Tun lokacin fari na Sahel na shekarun 1970 da 1980 tafkin ya bushe sosai. Ruwa ba ta kai tafkin ba kuma har ma lokacin da ta yi haka, tafkin ya cika da ruwa kawai. Wannan ya haifar da rushewar tsarin halittu na gida.&nbsp;&nbsp; A cikin 2021, Tafkin Figuibine ya bushe gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-28 |title=Changement climatique au Mali : le désert engloutit le lac Faguibine, la population poussée à l’exode |url=https://www.icrcnewsroom.org/story/fr/1968/mali-climate-change-transforms-lake-faguibine-into-desert-exiling-population |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Multimedia Newsroom of the International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en |publication-date=}}</ref> == Tsarin Tafkin Faguibine == Tafkin ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin raƙuman ruwa guda biyar da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ke cikawa zuwa zurfin canji dangane da girman ambaliyar shekara-shekara na Kogin Neja. Tafkin Faguibine shine mafi girma daga cikin wadannan ramuka tare da yanki na 590 km² .<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Rashin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankin (kasa da 200 mm) kawai yana da tasiri a kan matakan ruwa a cikin ɓacin rai.&nbsp;&nbsp; Rashin jituwa yana da alaƙa da Kogin Neja ta tashoshi biyu. Tashar Kondi ta kudu (tsawon kilomita 64) ta fito ne daga Nijar 'yan kilomita daga Diré sannan ta ratsa fadin ambaliyar Killi. Babbar tashar Tassakane mai nisa (104 km a tsawon) rassan daga Nijar da ke kusa da Korioumé sannan kuma ke ratsawa a fadin ambaliyar Kessou. Tashoshin biyu sun haɗu don samar da tashar guda ɗaya a gabashin Goundam wanda bayan wani kilomita 20 ya gudana zuwa ƙarshen kudancin Tafkin Télé.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Tafkin Télé an haɗa shi a ƙarshen arewa zuwa Tafkin Takara . Ruwa yana gudana daga ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Takara, a fadin dutse mai duwatsu a Kamaïna sannan ya juya yamma ta wuce ƙauyen Bintagoungou don isa Tafkin Faguibine.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dole ne a cika tafkin Télé da tafkin Takara gaba ɗaya kafin ruwan ya ratsa gefen da ke Kamaïna ya fara samar da tafki ga Faguibine. Hakazalika, akwai ramuka biyu a gabashin tafkin Faguibine (Tafkin Kamango da Tafkin Gouber) da ke fara cikawa ne kawai da zarar tafkin Faguibine ya cika. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Don cike 590 gaba ɗaya&nbsp;kilomita ² na tafkin Faguibine yana buƙatar kimanin 4&nbsp;kilomita ³ na ruwa. Wannan yana wakiltar kusan kashi 17 cikin 100 na matsakaicin fitar da ruwan Nijar (1970-1998) a Diré. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Gidan tafkin yana da kyau sosai kuma yanayin da ya dace ga manoma masu zaman kansu shine lokacin da tafkin ya cika ne kawai. Wannan yana ba da damar noma amfanin gona a kusa da iyakar tafkin da kuma ci gaban ''Echinochloa stagnina'' ("bourgou") a cikin ƙananan wurare don samar da makiyaya na lokacin bushe. Wannan tsarin mulki yana buƙatar ƙasa da ruwa - kawai a kusa da 0.5 km³ .<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref>&nbsp; == Kogin Nijar da ambaliyar shekara-shekara == Cika Tafkin Faguibine da ruwa daga Kogin Neja ya dogara da tsawo na ambaliyar shekara-shekara da kuma kwararar ruwa kyauta tare da hanyar kilomita 170 (110 <span about="#mwt<sup id=" mwda="">3" mi) </span> da ke haɗa tafkin zuwa kogi. Ambaliyar shekara-shekara ta Kogin Neja sakamakon ruwan sama ne mai yawa a [[Gini|Guinea]] da kuma muhimmiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Bani, wato a arewacin Côte d'Ivoire da kudu maso yammacin Mali. A duk yankuna ruwan sama ya kai kololuwa a watan Agusta.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}} Yawan ruwan sama, kuma saboda haka tsawo na ambaliyar, ya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara. A cikin shekaru tare da matakan ambaliyar ruwa kamar tsakanin 1924-1930 da 1951-1955 tafkin ya cika gaba ɗaya. A cikin shekaru tare da karancin ruwan sama tafkin zai iya bushewa gaba daya. A cikin karni na 20 wannan ya faru a cikin 1914, 1924 da 1944 kuma ya zama abin da ke faruwa akai-akai bayan mummunan fari wanda ya fara a ƙarshen 1970s.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} Ƙananan matakan ambaliyar ruwa suna kara tsanantawa ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa a kan kogin Neja ko kuma masu ba da gudummawa waɗanda ke riƙe da ambaliyar kuma ta haka ne ke rage matsakaicin tsawo na ambaliyar. Daga cikin madatsun da ke akwai, mafi mahimmanci shine madatsar Sélingué a kan Kogin Sankarani a kudu maso yammacin Mali wanda zai iya adana 2.2 km3 na ruwa.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}} Akwai shirye-shiryen gina sabon babban madatsar ruwa, madatsar ruwan Fomi, a kan iyakar Niandan a Guinea wanda zai adana kusan sau 3 na adadin ruwa kamar yadda madatsar Sélingué ta adana. Idan aka gina wannan madatsar ruwan za ta kara rage ƙarfin ambaliyar shekara-shekara.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}}&nbsp; Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofi na Ofishin Sudan-Sahelian na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSO) (1986-1990) shine inganta haɗin Nijar da Tafkin Faguibine da kuma yanke wasu hanyoyin tashar Kondi. Tuareg Rebellion (1990-1995) ya katse aikin. A cikin shekarun 1980s ƙananan ambaliyar ruwa na shekara-shekara ya haifar da gasa mai tsanani don ruwa kuma yawan mutanen yankin sun hana kwarara a cikin tashoshi kuma sun shigar da tarkon kifi. Tun daga shekara ta 2003, wata kungiya ta taimakon Jamus, Mali-Nord, ta ba da kuɗin gina wuraren ban ruwa waɗanda ke barin kwararar ruwa a cikin tashoshin ba tare da cikas ba.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} A shekara ta 2006 Gwamnatin Mali ta kirkiro "Ofishin don Mise en Valeur du système Faguibine" (OMVF) don kula da tashoshi da kuma daidaita yashi ta hanyar dasa ''Euphorbia balsamifera'' da eucalyptus.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} == Manazarta == bosoznlzkask6qngzb0hmj05udk9kvh 841292 841291 2026-05-28T09:18:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 841292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Faguibine''' tafki ne a [[Mali]] a gefen kudancin hamadar [[Sahara]] wanda ke da nisan kilomita 80 a yammacin [[Timbuktu]] da nisan mita 75 a arewacin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] wanda aka haɗa shi da tsarin ƙananan tabkuna da tashoshi. A cikin shekaru lokacin da tsawo na ambaliyar shekara-shekara na kogin ya isa, ruwa yana gudana daga kogin zuwa tafkin. Tun lokacin fari na Sahel na shekarun 1970 da 1980 tafkin ya bushe sosai. Ruwa ba ta kai tafkin ba kuma har ma lokacin da ta yi haka, tafkin ya cika da ruwa kawai. Wannan ya haifar da rushewar tsarin halittu na gida.&nbsp;&nbsp; A cikin 2021, Tafkin Figuibine ya bushe gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-28 |title=Changement climatique au Mali : le désert engloutit le lac Faguibine, la population poussée à l’exode |url=https://www.icrcnewsroom.org/story/fr/1968/mali-climate-change-transforms-lake-faguibine-into-desert-exiling-population |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Multimedia Newsroom of the International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en |publication-date=}}</ref> == Tsarin Tafkin Faguibine == Tafkin ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin raƙuman ruwa guda biyar da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ke cikawa zuwa zurfin canji dangane da girman ambaliyar shekara-shekara na Kogin Neja. Tafkin Faguibine shine mafi girma daga cikin wadannan ramuka tare da yanki na 590 km² .<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Rashin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankin (kasa da 200 mm) kawai yana da tasiri a kan matakan ruwa a cikin ɓacin rai.&nbsp;&nbsp; Rashin jituwa yana da alaƙa da Kogin Neja ta tashoshi biyu. Tashar Kondi ta kudu (tsawon kilomita 64) ta fito ne daga Nijar 'yan kilomita daga Diré sannan ta ratsa fadin ambaliyar Killi. Babbar tashar Tassakane mai nisa (104 km a tsawon) rassan daga Nijar da ke kusa da Korioumé sannan kuma ke ratsawa a fadin ambaliyar Kessou. Tashoshin biyu sun haɗu don samar da tashar guda ɗaya a gabashin Goundam wanda bayan wani kilomita 20 ya gudana zuwa ƙarshen kudancin Tafkin Télé.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Tafkin Télé an haɗa shi a ƙarshen arewa zuwa Tafkin Takara . Ruwa yana gudana daga ƙarshen arewacin Tafkin Takara, a fadin dutse mai duwatsu a Kamaïna sannan ya juya yamma ta wuce ƙauyen Bintagoungou don isa Tafkin Faguibine.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dole ne a cika tafkin Télé da tafkin Takara gaba ɗaya kafin ruwan ya ratsa gefen da ke Kamaïna ya fara samar da tafki ga Faguibine. Hakazalika, akwai ramuka biyu a gabashin tafkin Faguibine (Tafkin Kamango da Tafkin Gouber) da ke fara cikawa ne kawai da zarar tafkin Faguibine ya cika. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Don cike 590 gaba ɗaya&nbsp;kilomita ² na tafkin Faguibine yana buƙatar kimanin 4&nbsp;kilomita ³ na ruwa. Wannan yana wakiltar kusan kashi 17 cikin 100 na matsakaicin fitar da ruwan Nijar (1970-1998) a Diré. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref> Gidan tafkin yana da kyau sosai kuma yanayin da ya dace ga manoma masu zaman kansu shine lokacin da tafkin ya cika ne kawai. Wannan yana ba da damar noma amfanin gona a kusa da iyakar tafkin da kuma ci gaban ''Echinochloa stagnina'' ("bourgou") a cikin ƙananan wurare don samar da makiyaya na lokacin bushe. Wannan tsarin mulki yana buƙatar ƙasa da ruwa - kawai a kusa da 0.5 km³ .<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}}</ref>&nbsp; == Kogin Nijar da ambaliyar shekara-shekara == Cika Tafkin Faguibine da ruwa daga Kogin Neja ya dogara da tsawo na ambaliyar shekara-shekara da kuma kwararar ruwa kyauta tare da hanyar kilomita 170 (110 <span about="#mwt<sup id=" mwda="">3" mi) </span> da ke haɗa tafkin zuwa kogi. Ambaliyar shekara-shekara ta Kogin Neja sakamakon ruwan sama ne mai yawa a [[Gini|Guinea]] da kuma muhimmiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Bani, wato a arewacin Côte d'Ivoire da kudu maso yammacin Mali. A duk yankuna ruwan sama ya kai kololuwa a watan Agusta.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}} Yawan ruwan sama, kuma saboda haka tsawo na ambaliyar, ya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara. A cikin shekaru tare da matakan ambaliyar ruwa kamar tsakanin 1924-1930 da 1951-1955 tafkin ya cika gaba ɗaya. A cikin shekaru tare da karancin ruwan sama tafkin zai iya bushewa gaba daya. A cikin karni na 20 wannan ya faru a cikin 1914, 1924 da 1944 kuma ya zama abin da ke faruwa akai-akai bayan mummunan fari wanda ya fara a ƙarshen 1970s.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} Ƙananan matakan ambaliyar ruwa suna kara tsanantawa ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa a kan kogin Neja ko kuma masu ba da gudummawa waɗanda ke riƙe da ambaliyar kuma ta haka ne ke rage matsakaicin tsawo na ambaliyar. Daga cikin madatsun da ke akwai, mafi mahimmanci shine madatsar Sélingué a kan Kogin Sankarani a kudu maso yammacin Mali wanda zai iya adana 2.2 km3 na ruwa.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}} Akwai shirye-shiryen gina sabon babban madatsar ruwa, madatsar ruwan Fomi, a kan iyakar Niandan a Guinea wanda zai adana kusan sau 3 na adadin ruwa kamar yadda madatsar Sélingué ta adana. Idan aka gina wannan madatsar ruwan za ta kara rage ƙarfin ambaliyar shekara-shekara.{{Sfn|Zwarts|Cissé|Diallo|2005}}&nbsp; Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofi na Ofishin Sudan-Sahelian na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSO) (1986-1990) shine inganta haɗin Nijar da Tafkin Faguibine da kuma yanke wasu hanyoyin tashar Kondi. Tuareg Rebellion (1990-1995) ya katse aikin. A cikin shekarun 1980s ƙananan ambaliyar ruwa na shekara-shekara ya haifar da gasa mai tsanani don ruwa kuma yawan mutanen yankin sun hana kwarara a cikin tashoshi kuma sun shigar da tarkon kifi. Tun daga shekara ta 2003, wata kungiya ta taimakon Jamus, Mali-Nord, ta ba da kuɗin gina wuraren ban ruwa waɗanda ke barin kwararar ruwa a cikin tashoshin ba tare da cikas ba.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} A shekara ta 2006 Gwamnatin Mali ta kirkiro "Ofishin don Mise en Valeur du système Faguibine" (OMVF) don kula da tashoshi da kuma daidaita yashi ta hanyar dasa ''Euphorbia balsamifera'' da eucalyptus.{{Sfn|Hamerlynck|Chiramba|Pardo|2009}} == Manazarta == o3aq0j7gyffyt46c77b62luqbkyg4fq 0 152655 841295 2026-05-28T09:18:40Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352325830|Gege Soriola]]" 841295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwafemi Gege Soriola''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1988) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Riffa SC ta Saudiyya wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == Soriola ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar JUTH, Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan, [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]], Heartland, Free State Stars, [[CF Montreal|Montreal Impact]], Shooting Stars da Malkiya . <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, ya koma kungiyar Hajer Club ta Prince Mohammad bin Salman League . [1] Ya bar kungiyar a karshen kakar wasa ta bana kuma ya sanya hannu da Riffa SC daga Bahrain a watan Agusta na 2019. [2] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya fara buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a shekarar 2012. <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|47653|access-date=1 March 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47653.html "Gege Soriola"]. ''National Football Teams''. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] 3nblxg6ks3gg7ve5ymr2b0qiizu1f9c 841296 841295 2026-05-28T09:19:12Z Sardeeq 39275 841296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oluwafemi Gege Soriola''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1988) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Riffa SC ta Saudiyya wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == Soriola ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar JUTH, Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan, [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]], Heartland, Free State Stars, [[CF Montreal|Montreal Impact]], Shooting Stars da Malkiya . <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2018, ya koma kungiyar Hajer Club ta Prince Mohammad bin Salman League . [1] Ya bar kungiyar a karshen kakar wasa ta bana kuma ya sanya hannu da Riffa SC daga Bahrain a watan Agusta na 2019. [2] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya fara buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a shekarar 2012. <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|47653|access-date=1 March 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47653.html "Gege Soriola"]. ''National Football Teams''. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] 061iogr2vu07iz61n6v65wcothfwnm2 0 152656 841297 2026-05-28T09:19:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1235994735|Lake Manantali]]" 841297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wide image|Manantali dam.jpg|840px|Manantali Dam||none}}  '''[[Tafki|Tafkin]] Manantali''' babban tafki ne na wucin gadi, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwan Manantali a shekarar 1989, a kan Kogin Bafing a [[Mali]]. Yankin arewacin yana da nisan kilomita 90 zuwa kudu maso gabashin birnin Bafoulabé.<ref>Knaap, M. van der. Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs. CIFA Technical Paper. No. 26. Rome, FAO. 1994. 107p. William R. Jobin (1999). Dams and Disease: Ecological Design and Health Impacts of Large Dams, Canals, and Irrigation Systems. Taylor & Francis. <nowiki>ISBN 0419223606</nowiki>.</ref>{{Wide image|Manantali dam.jpg|840px|Manantali Dam||none}} == Girma == Tafkin Manantali ya rufe 477 km² kuma ya ƙunshi 11.³ biliyan m3 na ruwa. Kafa ta tilasta mutane 1²,000 daga gidajensu kuma ta ambaliya 120 km2 na gandun daji. Tafkin ya ƙare tsarin ambaliyar ruwa a kan kogin Bafing da Senegal, yana lalata aikin gona na gargajiya wanda ya dogara da ambaliyar yanayi. Tafkin ya haifar da fa'idodi: kewayawa mai kyau a cikin madatsar ruwan, ban ruwa na ƙasar da ke kewaye, da kuma tushen kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Dam din da kansa yana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar yawancin yankin. == Manazarta == 0pkqt7xadxitvij56jppoypno4e8vos 841299 841297 2026-05-28T09:19:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 841299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Manantali''' babban tafki ne na wucin gadi, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwan Manantali a shekarar 1989, a kan Kogin Bafing a [[Mali]]. Yankin arewacin yana da nisan kilomita 90 zuwa kudu maso gabashin birnin Bafoulabé.<ref>Knaap, M. van der. Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs. CIFA Technical Paper. No. 26. Rome, FAO. 1994. 107p. William R. Jobin (1999). Dams and Disease: Ecological Design and Health Impacts of Large Dams, Canals, and Irrigation Systems. Taylor & Francis. <nowiki>ISBN 0419223606</nowiki>.</ref>{{Wide image|Manantali dam.jpg|840px|Manantali Dam||none}} == Girma == Tafkin Manantali ya rufe 477 km² kuma ya ƙunshi 11.³ biliyan m3 na ruwa. Kafa ta tilasta mutane 1²,000 daga gidajensu kuma ta ambaliya 120 km2 na gandun daji. Tafkin ya ƙare tsarin ambaliyar ruwa a kan kogin Bafing da Senegal, yana lalata aikin gona na gargajiya wanda ya dogara da ambaliyar yanayi. Tafkin ya haifar da fa'idodi: kewayawa mai kyau a cikin madatsar ruwan, ban ruwa na ƙasar da ke kewaye, da kuma tushen kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Dam din da kansa yana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar yawancin yankin. == Manazarta == 0npm65gursq9vcozym8yh557ozhq5bg 0 152657 841300 2026-05-28T09:20:09Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346143910|Yisa Sofoluwe]]" 841300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yisa Sofoluwe''' (28 ga Disamba 1967 - 9 ga Fabrairu 2021) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Ya lashe wasanni 40 kuma ya zira kwallaye ɗaya ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]], kuma shi ne ɗan wasan baya na hagu na yau da kullun tsakanin 1983 da 1988, yana buga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1984 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2009-06-12 |title=African Nations Cup 1984 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/84a-det.html |access-date=2009-08-13 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> da 1988 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2009-06-12 |title=African Nations Cup 1988 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/88a-det.html |access-date=2009-08-13 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> . An haife shi a [[Abeokuta]], Sofoluwe ya buga wasa a tsohuwar Abiola Babes na Abeokuta, IICC na Ibadan da [[Gateway United F.C.|Gateway United FC]] na Abeokuta. Ya riƙe muƙaminsa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama tsakanin 1983 da 1988, inda ya buga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1984 da 1988 a Côte d'Ivoire da kuma Morocco bi da bi. Yisa Sofoluwe ya mutu sakamakon [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a [[Asibitin Koyarwa ta Jami'ar Legas|Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas]] (LUTH) da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2021, a lokacin [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|annobar COVID-19 a Najeriya]] . Yana da shekaru 53. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] b4vzq7qyovflj6zh2arv07k3v6lvx3o 841304 841300 2026-05-28T09:20:23Z Sardeeq 39275 841304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yisa Sofoluwe''' (28 ga Disamba 1967 - 9 ga Fabrairu 2021) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Ya lashe wasanni 40 kuma ya zira kwallaye ɗaya ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]], kuma shi ne ɗan wasan baya na hagu na yau da kullun tsakanin 1983 da 1988, yana buga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1984 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2009-06-12 |title=African Nations Cup 1984 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/84a-det.html |access-date=2009-08-13 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> da 1988 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2009-06-12 |title=African Nations Cup 1988 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/88a-det.html |access-date=2009-08-13 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> . An haife shi a [[Abeokuta]], Sofoluwe ya buga wasa a tsohuwar Abiola Babes na Abeokuta, IICC na Ibadan da [[Gateway United F.C.|Gateway United FC]] na Abeokuta. Ya riƙe muƙaminsa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama tsakanin 1983 da 1988, inda ya buga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1984 da 1988 a Côte d'Ivoire da kuma Morocco bi da bi. Yisa Sofoluwe ya mutu sakamakon [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a [[Asibitin Koyarwa ta Jami'ar Legas|Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas]] (LUTH) da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2021, a lokacin [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|annobar COVID-19 a Najeriya]] . Yana da shekaru 53. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] ednunahbkxks0oamzo6kqlrrkymzji3 0 152658 841302 2026-05-28T09:20:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336537463|Majorelle Garden]]" 841302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lambun Majorelle''' ( French , Arabic , Berber languages ) wani lambu ne mai fadin {{Convert|1|ha|0}} kuma lambun shimfidar wurare na masu fasaha a [[Marrakesh]], Morocco. Mai zane-zanen Gabas na Faransa Jacques Majorelle ne ya ƙirƙira shi tsawon kusan shekaru arba'in, tun daga shekarar 1923, kuma yana da wani gidan Cubist wanda mai zane-zanen Faransa Paul Sinoir ya tsara a shekarun 1930. Gidan ya kasance gidan mai zane da matarsa daga 1923 har zuwa rabuwarsu a shekarun 1950. A cikin shekarun 1980s, mai tsara kayan ado Yves Saint-Laurent da manajan kasuwancinsa Pierre Bergé ne suka sayi dukiyar wanda ya yi aiki don dawo da ita. A yau, lambun da ƙauyen suna buɗewa ga jama'a. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Berber kuma a cikin 2017 an buɗe Gidan kayan tarihi na Yves Saint Laurent a kusa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Majorelle_Garden.jpg|thumb|Tarin cactus na Majorelle Garden, tare da Villa a bango]] ''mai zane-zane'' na Faransa, Jacques Majorelle (1886-1962), ɗan Art Nouveau ébéniste (mai yin ɗakin) na Nancy, Louis Majorelle ne ya tsara lambun Majorelle. A matsayinsa na matashi mai son zane, an tura Jacques Majorelle zuwa Maroko a cikin shekara ta 1917 don warkewa daga mummunan yanayin kiwon lafiya. Bayan ya kwashe ɗan gajeren lokaci a Casablanca, ya yi tafiya zuwa Marrakech kuma kamar yawancin tsaransa, ya ƙaunaci launuka masu ƙarfi da rayuwar titi da ya samu a can. Bayan ya yi tafiya a Arewacin Afirka da Bahar Rum, daga ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar zama har abada a Marrakech . During his lifetime, Majorelle earned a reputation as a celebrated Orientalist painter. The special shade of bold cobalt blue, inspired by the coloured tiles he had seen around Marrakech and in Berber burnouses, was used extensively in the garden and its buildings and is named after him, ''bleu Majorelle''—Majorelle Blue.<ref name="aat">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Painters I Should Have Known About (007) Jacques Majorelle |url=http://www.articlesandtexticles.co.uk/2006/10/25/painters-i-should-have-known-about-007-jacques-majorelle/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902084956/http://www.articlesandtexticles.co.uk/2006/10/25/painters-i-should-have-known-about-007-jacques-majorelle/ |archive-date=2 September 2007 |access-date=28 March 2016 |website=Articles & Texticles}}</ref><ref name="pk">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2003 |title=Jacques Majorelle |url=http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122043640/http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-date=November 22, 2008 |access-date=13 August 2008 |website=The Painter's Keys}}</ref> Prior to his death, Majorelle patented the colour which carries his name.{{When|date=February 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2021)">when?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin 1923, kawai shekaru hudu bayan aurensa da Andrée Longueville, Majorelle ya sayi wani fili na kadada huɗu, wanda ke kan iyakar itacen dabino a Marrakech kuma ya gina gida a cikin salon Mooroccan. A shekara ta 1931, ya ba da izini ga masanin gine-gine, Paul Sinoir, don tsara wani gidan Cubist don dukiyar. A hankali, ya sayi ƙarin ƙasa, ya faɗaɗa mallakarsa da kimanin kadada 10. A cikin filayen da ke kusa da gidan, Majorelle ya fara dasa wani lambu mai kyau wanda zai zama sananne da Jardins Majorelle (Majorelle Garden). Gidan lambu ya zama aikin rayuwarsa kuma ya ba da kansa ga bunkasa shi kusan kusan shekaru arba'in. Gidan lambu ya kasance mai tsada don gudana kuma a cikin 1947, Majorelle ya buɗe lambun ga jama'a tare da kuɗin shiga da aka tsara don biyan kuɗin kulawa. A wasu lokuta, ya sayar da filayen ƙasa don tallafawa lambun da ke girma. Bayan kisan aurensa a cikin shekarun 1950, an tilasta wa Majorelle sayar da gidan da ƙasar. Bayan wannan, an yi watsi da lambun kuma ya fada cikin lalacewa. An sake gano lambun da villa a cikin shekarun 1980, ta hanyar masu zanen kayan ado, Yves Saint-Laurent da Pierre Bergé waɗanda suka fara dawo da shi da adana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-22 |title=Responses to "Jacques Majorelle" November 18, 2003 |url=http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122043640/http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-date=2008-11-22 |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun mallaki gidan har zuwa shekara ta 2008. Bayan Yves Saint Laurent ya mutu a shekara ta 2008 an watsar da tokarsa a cikin lambun Majorelle . <ref name="YSLashes">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Love 1936-2008 |url=http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/en/History-399.html |access-date=2011-10-27 |website=Fondation Pierre Bergé - Yves Saint Laurent}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2010, Gidauniyar Pierre Bergé - Yves Saint Laurent ce ta mallaki dukiyar, kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Faransa kuma tun daga shekara ta 2011 Gidauniya Jardin Majorelle ce ke gudanar da ita, wata kungiya mai ba da riba a Marrakech. Pierre Bergé ya kasance darektan Gidauniyar Aljanna har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Satumba, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=Pierre Bergé obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/sep/10/pierre-berge-obituary |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Gidajen lambu da gidajen tarihi == Gidajen lambu da gine-gine sun zama hadaddun, inda aka keɓe takamaiman gine-gine ga gidajen tarihi daban-daban da nune-nunen sha'awa ga baƙi. Gidajen, waɗanda ke rufe kadada biyu da rabi, suna buɗewa ga jama'a kowace rana kuma suna da muhimmiyar tarin cacti da siffofi. Tsohon bita na Majorelle a baya ya kasance gidan kayan gargajiya na Islama na Marrakech, wanda ke nuna tarin kayan ado na Arewacin Afirka daga tarin Saint-Laurent da kuma yumbu da kayan ado. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, duk da haka, gidan yanzu yana da gidan kayan gargajiya na Berber ({{Lang|fr|Musée Pierre Bergé des Arts Berbères}}), yana nuna abubuwa na al'adun [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] (Berber).<ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSÉE PIERRE BERGÉ DES ARTS BERBÈRES – Jardin Majorelle |url=https://www.jardinmajorelle.com/musee-pierre-berge-des-arts-berberes/ |access-date=2021-02-27 |website=www.jardinmajorelle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Majorelle Gardens |url=https://archnet.org/sites/2845 |access-date=2021-02-27 |website=Archnet}}</ref> Gidan kuma yana da tarin zane-zanen Majorelle. [ana buƙatar tabbatarwa] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (February 2021)">verific</span>]]''</sup> Ci gaban lambun yana ci gaba. Ana amfani da ribar daga lambuna don tallafawa sabbin ayyukan. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, an bude Gidan kayan gargajiya na Yves Saint Laurent ga jama'a a matsayin haraji ga abin da mai zanen ya gada da kuma alakarsa da Marrakech. Gidajen sune manyan masu yawon bude ido a Marrakech, suna jan hankalin baƙi sama da 700,000 a kowace shekara. Gidan lambu yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 15 waɗanda ke cikin Arewacin Afirka. Yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa, da kuma sanannen tarin cacti.<ref name="aat" /><gallery> Fayil:Détail_d'un_mur,_Jardin_Majorelle,_Marrakech.jpg Fayil:Pot_de_fleur,_Jardin_Majorelle,_Marrakech.jpg Fayil:Majorelle_Garden_corner_detail,_Marrakech,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Maroc_Marrakech_Majorelle_Luc_Viatour_5.jpg Fayil:Maroc_Marrakech_Majorelle_Luc_Viatour_4.jpg Fayil:Jardin_Majorelle_in_Marrakesch_07.jpg Fayil:Marrakech_Majorelle_Garden_315.JPG </gallery> == Manazarta == 60vf63q1qm2ejit62veb24tb8rk63ck 841307 841302 2026-05-28T09:21:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lambun Majorelle''' ( French , Arabic , Berber languages ) wani lambu ne mai fadin {{Convert|1|ha|0}} kuma lambun shimfidar wurare na masu fasaha a [[Marrakesh]], Morocco. Mai zane-zanen Gabas na Faransa Jacques Majorelle ne ya ƙirƙira shi tsawon kusan shekaru arba'in, tun daga shekarar 1923, kuma yana da wani gidan Cubist wanda mai zane-zanen Faransa Paul Sinoir ya tsara a shekarun 1930. Gidan ya kasance gidan mai zane da matarsa daga 1923 har zuwa rabuwarsu a shekarun 1950. A cikin shekarun 1980s, mai tsara kayan ado Yves Saint-Laurent da manajan kasuwancinsa Pierre Bergé ne suka sayi dukiyar wanda ya yi aiki don dawo da ita. A yau, lambun da ƙauyen suna buɗewa ga jama'a. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Berber kuma a cikin 2017 an buɗe Gidan kayan tarihi na Yves Saint Laurent a kusa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Majorelle_Garden.jpg|thumb|Tarin cactus na Majorelle Garden, tare da Villa a bango]] ''mai zane-zane'' na Faransa, Jacques Majorelle (1886-1962), ɗan Art Nouveau ébéniste (mai yin ɗakin) na Nancy, Louis Majorelle ne ya tsara lambun Majorelle. A matsayinsa na matashi mai son zane, an tura Jacques Majorelle zuwa Maroko a cikin shekara ta 1917 don warkewa daga mummunan yanayin kiwon lafiya. Bayan ya kwashe ɗan gajeren lokaci a Casablanca, ya yi tafiya zuwa Marrakech kuma kamar yawancin tsaransa, ya ƙaunaci launuka masu ƙarfi da rayuwar titi da ya samu a can. Bayan ya yi tafiya a Arewacin Afirka da Bahar Rum, daga ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar zama har abada a Marrakech . During his lifetime, Majorelle earned a reputation as a celebrated Orientalist painter. The special shade of bold cobalt blue, inspired by the coloured tiles he had seen around Marrakech and in Berber burnouses, was used extensively in the garden and its buildings and is named after him, ''bleu Majorelle''—Majorelle Blue.<ref name="aat">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Painters I Should Have Known About (007) Jacques Majorelle |url=http://www.articlesandtexticles.co.uk/2006/10/25/painters-i-should-have-known-about-007-jacques-majorelle/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902084956/http://www.articlesandtexticles.co.uk/2006/10/25/painters-i-should-have-known-about-007-jacques-majorelle/ |archive-date=2 September 2007 |access-date=28 March 2016 |website=Articles & Texticles}}</ref><ref name="pk">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2003 |title=Jacques Majorelle |url=http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122043640/http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-date=November 22, 2008 |access-date=13 August 2008 |website=The Painter's Keys}}</ref> Prior to his death, Majorelle patented the colour which carries his name.{{When|date=February 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2021)">when?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin 1923, kawai shekaru hudu bayan aurensa da Andrée Longueville, Majorelle ya sayi wani fili na kadada huɗu, wanda ke kan iyakar itacen dabino a Marrakech kuma ya gina gida a cikin salon Mooroccan. A shekara ta 1931, ya ba da izini ga masanin gine-gine, Paul Sinoir, don tsara wani gidan Cubist don dukiyar. A hankali, ya sayi ƙarin ƙasa, ya faɗaɗa mallakarsa da kimanin kadada 10. A cikin filayen da ke kusa da gidan, Majorelle ya fara dasa wani lambu mai kyau wanda zai zama sananne da Jardins Majorelle (Majorelle Garden). Gidan lambu ya zama aikin rayuwarsa kuma ya ba da kansa ga bunkasa shi kusan kusan shekaru arba'in. Gidan lambu ya kasance mai tsada don gudana kuma a cikin 1947, Majorelle ya buɗe lambun ga jama'a tare da kuɗin shiga da aka tsara don biyan kuɗin kulawa. A wasu lokuta, ya sayar da filayen ƙasa don tallafawa lambun da ke girma. Bayan kisan aurensa a cikin shekarun 1950, an tilasta wa Majorelle sayar da gidan da ƙasar. Bayan wannan, an yi watsi da lambun kuma ya fada cikin lalacewa. An sake gano lambun da villa a cikin shekarun 1980, ta hanyar masu zanen kayan ado, Yves Saint-Laurent da Pierre Bergé waɗanda suka fara dawo da shi da adana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-22 |title=Responses to "Jacques Majorelle" November 18, 2003 |url=http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122043640/http://www.painterskeys.com/clickbacks/majorelle.asp |archive-date=2008-11-22 |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref> Ma'aurata sun mallaki gidan har zuwa shekara ta 2008. Bayan Yves Saint Laurent ya mutu a shekara ta 2008 an watsar da tokarsa a cikin lambun Majorelle . <ref name="YSLashes">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Love 1936-2008 |url=http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/en/History-399.html |access-date=2011-10-27 |website=Fondation Pierre Bergé - Yves Saint Laurent}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2010, Gidauniyar Pierre Bergé - Yves Saint Laurent ce ta mallaki dukiyar, kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Faransa kuma tun daga shekara ta 2011 Gidauniya Jardin Majorelle ce ke gudanar da ita, wata kungiya mai ba da riba a Marrakech. Pierre Bergé ya kasance darektan Gidauniyar Aljanna har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Satumba, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=Pierre Bergé obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2017/sep/10/pierre-berge-obituary |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Gidajen lambu da gidajen tarihi == Gidajen lambu da gine-gine sun zama hadaddun, inda aka keɓe takamaiman gine-gine ga gidajen tarihi daban-daban da nune-nunen sha'awa ga baƙi. Gidajen, waɗanda ke rufe kadada biyu da rabi, suna buɗewa ga jama'a kowace rana kuma suna da muhimmiyar tarin cacti da siffofi. Tsohon bita na Majorelle a baya ya kasance gidan kayan gargajiya na Islama na Marrakech, wanda ke nuna tarin kayan ado na Arewacin Afirka daga tarin Saint-Laurent da kuma yumbu da kayan ado. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, duk da haka, gidan yanzu yana da gidan kayan gargajiya na Berber ({{Lang|fr|Musée Pierre Bergé des Arts Berbères}}), yana nuna abubuwa na al'adun [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] (Berber).<ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSÉE PIERRE BERGÉ DES ARTS BERBÈRES – Jardin Majorelle |url=https://www.jardinmajorelle.com/musee-pierre-berge-des-arts-berberes/ |access-date=2021-02-27 |website=www.jardinmajorelle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Majorelle Gardens |url=https://archnet.org/sites/2845 |access-date=2021-02-27 |website=Archnet}}</ref> Gidan kuma yana da tarin zane-zanen Majorelle. [ana buƙatar tabbatarwa] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (February 2021)">verific</span>]]''</sup> Ci gaban lambun yana ci gaba. Ana amfani da ribar daga lambuna don tallafawa sabbin ayyukan. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, an bude Gidan kayan gargajiya na Yves Saint Laurent ga jama'a a matsayin haraji ga abin da mai zanen ya gada da kuma alakarsa da Marrakech. Gidajen sune manyan masu yawon bude ido a Marrakech, suna jan hankalin baƙi sama da 700,000 a kowace shekara. Gidan lambu yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 15 waɗanda ke cikin Arewacin Afirka. Yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa, da kuma sanannen tarin cacti.<ref name="aat" /><gallery> Fayil:Détail_d'un_mur,_Jardin_Majorelle,_Marrakech.jpg Fayil:Pot_de_fleur,_Jardin_Majorelle,_Marrakech.jpg Fayil:Majorelle_Garden_corner_detail,_Marrakech,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Maroc_Marrakech_Majorelle_Luc_Viatour_5.jpg Fayil:Maroc_Marrakech_Majorelle_Luc_Viatour_4.jpg Fayil:Jardin_Majorelle_in_Marrakesch_07.jpg Fayil:Marrakech_Majorelle_Garden_315.JPG </gallery> == Manazarta == rmsdplmjgki1ojhf4yl8204nbxarr2l 0 152659 841303 2026-05-28T09:20:22Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333586015|Selma Baccar]]" 841303 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Salma Baccar'''''' ko Salma Baccir (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1945) 'yar fim ce ta [[Tunis]], furodusa kuma 'yar siyasa. An dauke ta mace ta farko da ta yi fim mai tsawo a Tunis . <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="35" href="./Tunisia" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tunisia">Tunisiya film, Selma Baccar', <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\">The Journal of North African Studies</i></nowiki>, Vol. 16. No. 3, September 2011, pp.471-82. DOI: 10.1080/13629387.2010.527122"}}" id="cite_ref-VanDePeer_1-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Selma_Baccar#cite_note-VanDePeer-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> An san Baccar da ƙirƙirar manifestos ta hanyar fina-finai, wanda ke kewaye da haƙƙin mata a Tunisia. <ref name="VanDePeer" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Selma Baccar a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1945, a [[Tunis]] . Iyalinta sun koma Hammam-Lif lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai. Iyayenta ne suka haifi Baccar a matsayin [[Musulmi]] kuma ta yi aikin hajji zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] tare da iyalinta sau biyu; duk da haka, Baccar ta bayyana cewa agnostic ne.<ref name="VanDePeer" /> Ta fara karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam a 1966 zuwa 1968 a Lausanne, Switzerland . Ta koma bayan shekaru 2 don karatun fim a Paris a Institut Français de Cinéma . Daga nan sai ta zama memba na Tarayyar Tunisiya ta Masu Fim (Fédération Tunisienne des Cinéastes Amateurs, FTCA), inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Tunisiya.<ref name="VanDePeer" /><ref name="Hillauer2005" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, Baccar ya fara kirkirar gajeren fina-finai a 1966, tare da wasu mata a kulob din fim na Hammam-Lif. Fim dinta ya shafi batutuwan mata da haƙƙoƙin Tunisia. Fim dinta na farko, wanda aka yi a shekarar 1966, fim ne na baki da fari da ake kira L'Eveil, wanda ya magance 'yancin mata a Tunisia. L'Eveil daga baya ya sami yabo. Baccar ta ba da umarnin fim dinta na farko a 1975 mai taken Fatma 75, wanda aka kalli a matsayin "fim na farko" a Tunisia. Wannan shi ne fim na farko mai tsawo wanda wata mace ta jagoranta kuma an nuna shi a matsayin "fim din mata game da matsayin mata a Tunisia. " Fim din yana amfani da fim din koyarwa wanda ke magance mata a Tunisia kuma an dakatar da shi shekaru da yawa, saboda batutuwan tantancewa a wurare da yawa, ta Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Tunisia, kuma ba za a iya kallon shi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwanci ba Fim dinta na biyu mai tsawo, ''Habiba M"sika'' (1994), fim ne na sanannen mawaƙa da mai rawa na Tunisia, [[Habiba Msika|Marguerite Habiba Msika]] . Flowers of Oblivion ya ba da labarin Zakia, mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a asibitin mahaukaci a Tunisia da ke mulkin Vichy a cikin shekarun 1940. Darakta ta mallaki kamfaninta na samarwa a karkashin Intermedia Productions tare da wasu sanannun daraktocin mata, don yin fina-finai da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Hillauer2005" /> Baccar ya kuma samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa. Yunkurin Baccar na kare hakkin mata na Tunisia ya kai ta ga aikin siyasa kuma ta zama memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Al Massar . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an zabi Baccar a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokoki <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tunisie – ANC : Salma Baccar nouvelle présidente du bloc démocratique |url=https://www.tunisienumerique.com/tunisie-anc-salma-baccar-nouvelle-presidente-du-bloc-democratique/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=www.tunisienumerique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an ci gaba da ita daga mataimakin shugaban kasa zuwa shugaban kungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Democrat a Tunisia, "mace ta farko kuma kadai ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar' yan majalisa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Hotuna masu ban sha'awa === * 1976: ''Fatma 75'' * 1994: ''Habiba M’sika/La Danse du feu/The Dance of Fire'' * 2006: ''Knochkhach/La Fleur de l'oubli/The Flower of Oblivion'' * 2017: ''El Jaida''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Sauran fina-finai === * 1966: ''L'Eveil'' (Director, short film) * 1985: ''De la toison au fil d'or/The Golden Fleece'' (director, short film) * 1989: ''Moon Child'' (Producer, short film)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[imdbname:1174982|"Selma Baccar"]]. ''IMDb''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> * 2010: ''Baydha (Tabou)'' (Producer) * 2016: ''Peluche'' (Producer) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * 1996: ''Le Secret des métiers'' * 1997: ''Femmes dans notre mémoire'' * 2002: ''Farhat Lamor'' (''Joie d'une vie'') * 2005: ''Chara Al Hobb'' * 2006: ''Nwassi w Ateb'' * 2006: ''Assrar âailya'' * 2007: ''Chaâbane fi Ramadhane'' * 2007: ''Kamanjet Sallema'' * 2007: ''Layali el bidh'' == Kyaututtuka == * 1968 - L'Eveil (1966) ta sami lambar yabo a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Amateur de Kélibia da Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web |last=TAP |date=2017 |title=Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival kicks off. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617121017/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=thefreelibrary.com}}</ref> * 1979 - ''Fatma 75'' (1976) ta lashe lambar zinare a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Mannheim-Heidelberg . <ref name="Hillauer2005" /> * 1990 - An zabi El niño de la luna (1989) a Goya Awards for Best Production Manager Award (Mejor Dirección de Producción). == Daraja == * 2014: Knight na National Order of Merit na Tunisia Dokar Daraja ta Kasa ta Tunisia * 2015: Jami'in Order na Jamhuriyar Tunisia == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] jgk5v583s92rrwxw9uy2zetko26p3dt 841306 841303 2026-05-28T09:20:56Z Gwanki 3834 841306 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Salma Baccar'''''' ko Salma Baccir (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1945) 'yar fim ce ta [[Tunis]], furodusa kuma 'yar siyasa. An dauke ta mace ta farko da ta yi fim mai tsawo a Tunis. An san Baccar da ƙirƙirar manifestos ta hanyar fina-finai, wanda ke kewaye da haƙƙin mata a Tunisia. <ref name="VanDePeer" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Selma Baccar a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1945, a [[Tunis]] . Iyalinta sun koma Hammam-Lif lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai. Iyayenta ne suka haifi Baccar a matsayin [[Musulmi]] kuma ta yi aikin hajji zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] tare da iyalinta sau biyu; duk da haka, Baccar ta bayyana cewa agnostic ne.<ref name="VanDePeer" /> Ta fara karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam a 1966 zuwa 1968 a Lausanne, Switzerland . Ta koma bayan shekaru 2 don karatun fim a Paris a Institut Français de Cinéma . Daga nan sai ta zama memba na Tarayyar Tunisiya ta Masu Fim (Fédération Tunisienne des Cinéastes Amateurs, FTCA), inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Tunisiya.<ref name="VanDePeer" /><ref name="Hillauer2005" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, Baccar ya fara kirkirar gajeren fina-finai a 1966, tare da wasu mata a kulob din fim na Hammam-Lif. Fim dinta ya shafi batutuwan mata da haƙƙoƙin Tunisia. Fim dinta na farko, wanda aka yi a shekarar 1966, fim ne na baki da fari da ake kira L'Eveil, wanda ya magance 'yancin mata a Tunisia. L'Eveil daga baya ya sami yabo. Baccar ta ba da umarnin fim dinta na farko a 1975 mai taken Fatma 75, wanda aka kalli a matsayin "fim na farko" a Tunisia. Wannan shi ne fim na farko mai tsawo wanda wata mace ta jagoranta kuma an nuna shi a matsayin "fim din mata game da matsayin mata a Tunisia. " Fim din yana amfani da fim din koyarwa wanda ke magance mata a Tunisia kuma an dakatar da shi shekaru da yawa, saboda batutuwan tantancewa a wurare da yawa, ta Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Tunisia, kuma ba za a iya kallon shi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwanci ba Fim dinta na biyu mai tsawo, ''Habiba M"sika'' (1994), fim ne na sanannen mawaƙa da mai rawa na Tunisia, [[Habiba Msika|Marguerite Habiba Msika]] . Flowers of Oblivion ya ba da labarin Zakia, mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a asibitin mahaukaci a Tunisia da ke mulkin Vichy a cikin shekarun 1940. Darakta ta mallaki kamfaninta na samarwa a karkashin Intermedia Productions tare da wasu sanannun daraktocin mata, don yin fina-finai da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Hillauer2005" /> Baccar ya kuma samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa. Yunkurin Baccar na kare hakkin mata na Tunisia ya kai ta ga aikin siyasa kuma ta zama memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Al Massar . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an zabi Baccar a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokoki <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tunisie – ANC : Salma Baccar nouvelle présidente du bloc démocratique |url=https://www.tunisienumerique.com/tunisie-anc-salma-baccar-nouvelle-presidente-du-bloc-democratique/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=www.tunisienumerique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an ci gaba da ita daga mataimakin shugaban kasa zuwa shugaban kungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Democrat a Tunisia, "mace ta farko kuma kadai ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar' yan majalisa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Hotuna masu ban sha'awa === * 1976: ''Fatma 75'' * 1994: ''Habiba M’sika/La Danse du feu/The Dance of Fire'' * 2006: ''Knochkhach/La Fleur de l'oubli/The Flower of Oblivion'' * 2017: ''El Jaida''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Sauran fina-finai === * 1966: ''L'Eveil'' (Director, short film) * 1985: ''De la toison au fil d'or/The Golden Fleece'' (director, short film) * 1989: ''Moon Child'' (Producer, short film)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[imdbname:1174982|"Selma Baccar"]]. ''IMDb''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> * 2010: ''Baydha (Tabou)'' (Producer) * 2016: ''Peluche'' (Producer) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * 1996: ''Le Secret des métiers'' * 1997: ''Femmes dans notre mémoire'' * 2002: ''Farhat Lamor'' (''Joie d'une vie'') * 2005: ''Chara Al Hobb'' * 2006: ''Nwassi w Ateb'' * 2006: ''Assrar âailya'' * 2007: ''Chaâbane fi Ramadhane'' * 2007: ''Kamanjet Sallema'' * 2007: ''Layali el bidh'' == Kyaututtuka == * 1968 - L'Eveil (1966) ta sami lambar yabo a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Amateur de Kélibia da Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web |last=TAP |date=2017 |title=Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival kicks off. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617121017/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=thefreelibrary.com}}</ref> * 1979 - ''Fatma 75'' (1976) ta lashe lambar zinare a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Mannheim-Heidelberg . <ref name="Hillauer2005" /> * 1990 - An zabi El niño de la luna (1989) a Goya Awards for Best Production Manager Award (Mejor Dirección de Producción). == Daraja == * 2014: Knight na National Order of Merit na Tunisia Dokar Daraja ta Kasa ta Tunisia * 2015: Jami'in Order na Jamhuriyar Tunisia == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 86cqsjzchh1f3fub3hrjp5y3yn0xae6 841308 841306 2026-05-28T09:21:11Z Gwanki 3834 841308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''''''Salma Baccar'''''' ko Salma Baccir (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1945) 'yar fim ce ta [[Tunis]], furodusa kuma 'yar siyasa. An dauke ta mace ta farko da ta yi fim mai tsawo a Tunis. An san Baccar da ƙirƙirar manifestos ta hanyar fina-finai, wanda ke kewaye da haƙƙin mata a Tunisia. <ref name="VanDePeer" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Selma Baccar a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1945, a [[Tunis]] . Iyalinta sun koma Hammam-Lif lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai. Iyayenta ne suka haifi Baccar a matsayin [[Musulmi]] kuma ta yi aikin hajji zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] tare da iyalinta sau biyu; duk da haka, Baccar ta bayyana cewa agnostic ne.<ref name="VanDePeer" /> Ta fara karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam a 1966 zuwa 1968 a Lausanne, Switzerland . Ta koma bayan shekaru 2 don karatun fim a Paris a Institut Français de Cinéma . Daga nan sai ta zama memba na Tarayyar Tunisiya ta Masu Fim (Fédération Tunisienne des Cinéastes Amateurs, FTCA), inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Tunisiya.<ref name="VanDePeer" /><ref name="Hillauer2005" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, Baccar ya fara kirkirar gajeren fina-finai a 1966, tare da wasu mata a kulob din fim na Hammam-Lif. Fim dinta ya shafi batutuwan mata da haƙƙoƙin Tunisia. Fim dinta na farko, wanda aka yi a shekarar 1966, fim ne na baki da fari da ake kira L'Eveil, wanda ya magance 'yancin mata a Tunisia. L'Eveil daga baya ya sami yabo. Baccar ta ba da umarnin fim dinta na farko a 1975 mai taken Fatma 75, wanda aka kalli a matsayin "fim na farko" a Tunisia. Wannan shi ne fim na farko mai tsawo wanda wata mace ta jagoranta kuma an nuna shi a matsayin "fim din mata game da matsayin mata a Tunisia. " Fim din yana amfani da fim din koyarwa wanda ke magance mata a Tunisia kuma an dakatar da shi shekaru da yawa, saboda batutuwan tantancewa a wurare da yawa, ta Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Tunisia, kuma ba za a iya kallon shi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasuwanci ba Fim dinta na biyu mai tsawo, ''Habiba M"sika'' (1994), fim ne na sanannen mawaƙa da mai rawa na Tunisia, [[Habiba Msika|Marguerite Habiba Msika]] . Flowers of Oblivion ya ba da labarin Zakia, mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a asibitin mahaukaci a Tunisia da ke mulkin Vichy a cikin shekarun 1940. Darakta ta mallaki kamfaninta na samarwa a karkashin Intermedia Productions tare da wasu sanannun daraktocin mata, don yin fina-finai da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Hillauer2005" /> Baccar ya kuma samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa. Yunkurin Baccar na kare hakkin mata na Tunisia ya kai ta ga aikin siyasa kuma ta zama memba na jam'iyyar siyasa ta Al Massar . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an zabi Baccar a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokoki <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tunisie – ANC : Salma Baccar nouvelle présidente du bloc démocratique |url=https://www.tunisienumerique.com/tunisie-anc-salma-baccar-nouvelle-presidente-du-bloc-democratique/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=www.tunisienumerique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an ci gaba da ita daga mataimakin shugaban kasa zuwa shugaban kungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Democrat a Tunisia, "mace ta farko kuma kadai ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar' yan majalisa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Hotuna masu ban sha'awa === * 1976: ''Fatma 75'' * 1994: ''Habiba M’sika/La Danse du feu/The Dance of Fire'' * 2006: ''Knochkhach/La Fleur de l'oubli/The Flower of Oblivion'' * 2017: ''El Jaida''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}</ref> === Sauran fina-finai === * 1966: ''L'Eveil'' (Director, short film) * 1985: ''De la toison au fil d'or/The Golden Fleece'' (director, short film) * 1989: ''Moon Child'' (Producer, short film)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Selma Baccar |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1174982/ |access-date=2018-10-19 |website=IMDb}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[imdbname:1174982|"Selma Baccar"]]. ''IMDb''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> * 2010: ''Baydha (Tabou)'' (Producer) * 2016: ''Peluche'' (Producer) === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * 1996: ''Le Secret des métiers'' * 1997: ''Femmes dans notre mémoire'' * 2002: ''Farhat Lamor'' (''Joie d'une vie'') * 2005: ''Chara Al Hobb'' * 2006: ''Nwassi w Ateb'' * 2006: ''Assrar âailya'' * 2007: ''Chaâbane fi Ramadhane'' * 2007: ''Kamanjet Sallema'' * 2007: ''Layali el bidh'' == Kyaututtuka == * 1968 - L'Eveil (1966) ta sami lambar yabo a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Amateur de Kélibia da Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web |last=TAP |date=2017 |title=Sfax International Mediterranean Film Festival kicks off. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617121017/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sfax+International+Mediterranean+Film+Festival+kicks+off.-a0520748211 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=thefreelibrary.com}}</ref> * 1979 - ''Fatma 75'' (1976) ta lashe lambar zinare a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Mannheim-Heidelberg . <ref name="Hillauer2005" /> * 1990 - An zabi El niño de la luna (1989) a Goya Awards for Best Production Manager Award (Mejor Dirección de Producción). == Daraja == * 2014: Knight na National Order of Merit na Tunisia Dokar Daraja ta Kasa ta Tunisia * 2015: Jami'in Order na Jamhuriyar Tunisia == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] lod59tdpnwfbd4y7w5p59mz1640kw2n 0 152660 841310 2026-05-28T09:21:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326422091|Lake R'Kiz]]" 841310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] R'Kiz''' ko '''Rkiz''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Cayor''' ko '''Cayar''', tafki ne a kudancin [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] tare da yanki na 12,970 ha. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1087, an yi yaƙi tsakanin shugaban [[Mutanen Serer|Serer]], Amar Godomat da shugaban Almoravid, Abu Bakr ibn Umar, inda aka ci nasara kuma aka kashe shi. == Muhalli == Tun da yake tafkin yana ciyar da ruwa mai yawa daga [[Kogin Senegal]], a lokacin ruwan sama zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa matsakaicin tsawon kilomita 34 da faɗin har zuwa kilomita 8, yayin da matakin ruwa zai iya canzawa da kusan 4.29 m. &nbsp; A cikin marshland tare da iyakarsa, ''Phragmites'' da Typha reeds suna girma, waɗanda aka yanke don shayarwa. Akwai nau'ikan macizai da yawa, da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar otters da mongooses. Hakanan ana iya samun aladu masu ƙanƙara. An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan mutanen da ba su da yawa a yammacin maras kyau, da kuma [[Kakira|garganeys]] na hunturu da Pintails na arewa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Rkîz |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/rk%C3%AEz-iba-mauritania |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == An yi amfani da tafkin don kamun kifi, amma noma ma ya zama ruwan dare. Kodayake yankin ya ga ayyukan noma da yawa da nufin amfanin manoma duka ta Bankin Ci Gaban Musulunci da ''Cibiyar Rigakafin Rikicin Abinci'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=R'KIZ LAKE IRRIGATION PROJECT (F.S) |url=https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0001760 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=IsDB Project Database |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=EXECUTION OF R'KIZ LAKE PROJECT |url=https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0003005 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=IsDB Project Database |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Projet d'aménagement hydro-agricole de la cuvette du lac R'Kiz |trans-title=Hydro-agricultural development project for the R’Kiz lake basin |url=http://www.food-security.net/projet/projet-damenagement-hydro-agricole-de-la-cuvette-du-lac-rkiz/ |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=The Food Crisis Prevention Network |language=fr}}</ref> kamar sauran wurare a Mauritania, tun daga shekarar 2017 manyan ɓangarorin yawan mutanen yankin sun ci gaba da shan wahala daga yanayin rayuwa wanda ya dace da bautar zamani. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aidara |title=L'esclavage agricole aux bords du Lac R'Kiz, en Mauritanie |trans-title=Agricultural slavery on the shores of Lake R’Kiz, Mauritania |url=https://aidara.mondoblog.org/2017/11/24/lesclavage-agricole-aux-bords-lac-rkiz/ |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Thaqafa |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == hwxb2nxn2z5ddijfk3quk0mkvxe85tm 841311 841310 2026-05-28T09:22:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 841311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin R'Kiz''' ko '''Rkiz''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Cayor''' ko '''Cayar''', tafki ne a kudancin [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] tare da yanki na 12,970 ha. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1087, an yi yaƙi tsakanin shugaban [[Mutanen Serer|Serer]], Amar Godomat da shugaban Almoravid, Abu Bakr ibn Umar, inda aka ci nasara kuma aka kashe shi. == Muhalli == Tun da yake tafkin yana ciyar da ruwa mai yawa daga [[Kogin Senegal]], a lokacin ruwan sama zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa matsakaicin tsawon kilomita 34 da faɗin har zuwa kilomita 8, yayin da matakin ruwa zai iya canzawa da kusan 4.29 m. &nbsp; A cikin marshland tare da iyakarsa, ''Phragmites'' da Typha reeds suna girma, waɗanda aka yanke don shayarwa. Akwai nau'ikan macizai da yawa, da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar otters da mongooses. Hakanan ana iya samun aladu masu ƙanƙara. An sanya tafkin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan mutanen da ba su da yawa a yammacin maras kyau, da kuma [[Kakira|garganeys]] na hunturu da Pintails na arewa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Rkîz |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/rk%C3%AEz-iba-mauritania |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == An yi amfani da tafkin don kamun kifi, amma noma ma ya zama ruwan dare. Kodayake yankin ya ga ayyukan noma da yawa da nufin amfanin manoma duka ta Bankin Ci Gaban Musulunci da ''Cibiyar Rigakafin Rikicin Abinci'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=R'KIZ LAKE IRRIGATION PROJECT (F.S) |url=https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0001760 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=IsDB Project Database |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=EXECUTION OF R'KIZ LAKE PROJECT |url=https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0003005 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=IsDB Project Database |publisher=[[Islamic Development Bank]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Projet d'aménagement hydro-agricole de la cuvette du lac R'Kiz |trans-title=Hydro-agricultural development project for the R’Kiz lake basin |url=http://www.food-security.net/projet/projet-damenagement-hydro-agricole-de-la-cuvette-du-lac-rkiz/ |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=The Food Crisis Prevention Network |language=fr}}</ref> kamar sauran wurare a Mauritania, tun daga shekarar 2017 manyan ɓangarorin yawan mutanen yankin sun ci gaba da shan wahala daga yanayin rayuwa wanda ya dace da bautar zamani. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aidara |title=L'esclavage agricole aux bords du Lac R'Kiz, en Mauritanie |trans-title=Agricultural slavery on the shores of Lake R’Kiz, Mauritania |url=https://aidara.mondoblog.org/2017/11/24/lesclavage-agricole-aux-bords-lac-rkiz/ |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Thaqafa |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == j7twn2966tc4xi4hymebf1nzakz25lr 0 152661 841312 2026-05-28T09:23:57Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350772664|Erige Sehiri]]" 841312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erige Sehiri''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1982) ita ce darektan fina-finai na Faransa da Tunisia, furodusa kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a Lyon a cikin dangin asalin Tunisiya, Sehiri Mai Girma a unguwar Lyon na Vénissieux, a cikin unguwar Minguettes [fr] .Mahaifinta masanin lantarki ne kuma mahaifiyarta tana kula da kicin a makarantar sakandare. Ta kasance mai zaman kanta a gidan silima guda daya a unguwar. Da zarar ta sami digiri na farko, ta yi karatun harshen Ingilishi a [[San Francisco]] da kudi a [[Montréal|Montreal]], yayin da take yin ayyuka daban-daban na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyuka == Da ya dawo Turai, Sehiri ya sami aiki a banki a [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], kafin ya zama mataimakin ɗan jarida a [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]. Lokacin da [[Tunis]]_revolution" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tunisian revolution">Juyin Juya Halin Tunisiya ya ɓarke a shekara ta 2011, ta koma Tunis.<ref name="bio" /> Ta harbe gajeren fim dinta na farko game da matakan farko na mahaifinta a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]], Le Facebook de mon père, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2012. Sauran gajerun shirye-shirye sun biyo baya, har zuwa 2018, lokacin da ta harbe wani fim mai tsawo, Railway Men, game da aiki a kan hanyar jirgin kasa; an sake shi a cikin fina-finai na Tunisia a cikin 2019, kuma a cikin fina'in Faransa a cikin 2020.<ref name="NawaatTn2018">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=''La voie normale'' d'Erige Sehiri : un documentaire au fil des rails |url=https://nawaat.org/2018/05/02/la-voie-normale-derige-sehiri-un-documentaire-au-fil-des-rails/ |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=[[Nawaat]] |language=fr}}.</ref> A cikin 2022, Sehiri ta fara fitowa a fim din tare da fim din wasan kwaikwayo ''[[Under the Fig Trees|A ƙarƙashin itatuwan ɓaure]]'', wanda aka fara gabatar da shi a duniya a karo na 75 na bikin fina-finai na Cannes, a gefen Daraktoci na Fortnight, kuma an sake shi a cikin fina-fakka a watan Disamba na 2022. Fim din ya kuma lashe Golden Bayard a bikin 37th Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, kuma an zaba shi a matsayin gabatarwar Tunisiya don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a Kyautar Kwalijin ta 95th.<ref name="Tunisia">{{Cite web |last=Driss |first=Neila |date=8 September 2022 |title=« Sous les figues » d'Erige Sehiri représentera la Tunisie à l'Oscar 2023 du Meilleur Film International |trans-title=“Under the figs” by Erige Sehiri will represent Tunisia at the 2023 Oscar for Best International Film |url=https://www.webdo.tn/2022/09/08/sous-les-figues-derige-sehiri-representera-la-tunisie-a-loscar-2023-du-meilleur-film-international/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002224226/https://www.webdo.tn/2022/09/08/sous-les-figues-derige-sehiri-representera-la-tunisie-a-loscar-2023-du-meilleur-film-international/ |archive-date=2 October 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=Webdo TN |language=fr}}</ref> A cikin 2025, fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Sehiri mai suna Promised Sky ya fara fitowa a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard na 78th Cannes Film Festival . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Railway Men (2019, shirin) * ''[[Under the Fig Trees]]'' (2022, wasan kwaikwayo, fasalin) * Proposed Sky (2025, wasan kwaikwayo, fasalin) == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 6y651qorlvhjqf2bl1ql7afl18ddd2l 841313 841312 2026-05-28T09:24:12Z Gwanki 3834 841313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Erige Sehiri''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1982) ita ce darektan fina-finai na Faransa da Tunisia, furodusa kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a Lyon a cikin dangin asalin Tunisiya, Sehiri Mai Girma a unguwar Lyon na Vénissieux, a cikin unguwar Minguettes [fr] .Mahaifinta masanin lantarki ne kuma mahaifiyarta tana kula da kicin a makarantar sakandare. Ta kasance mai zaman kanta a gidan silima guda daya a unguwar. Da zarar ta sami digiri na farko, ta yi karatun harshen Ingilishi a [[San Francisco]] da kudi a [[Montréal|Montreal]], yayin da take yin ayyuka daban-daban na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyuka == Da ya dawo Turai, Sehiri ya sami aiki a banki a [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], kafin ya zama mataimakin ɗan jarida a [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]. Lokacin da [[Tunis]]_revolution" id="mwMQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tunisian revolution">Juyin Juya Halin Tunisiya ya ɓarke a shekara ta 2011, ta koma Tunis.<ref name="bio" /> Ta harbe gajeren fim dinta na farko game da matakan farko na mahaifinta a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]], Le Facebook de mon père, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2012. Sauran gajerun shirye-shirye sun biyo baya, har zuwa 2018, lokacin da ta harbe wani fim mai tsawo, Railway Men, game da aiki a kan hanyar jirgin kasa; an sake shi a cikin fina-finai na Tunisia a cikin 2019, kuma a cikin fina'in Faransa a cikin 2020.<ref name="NawaatTn2018">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=''La voie normale'' d'Erige Sehiri : un documentaire au fil des rails |url=https://nawaat.org/2018/05/02/la-voie-normale-derige-sehiri-un-documentaire-au-fil-des-rails/ |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=[[Nawaat]] |language=fr}}.</ref> A cikin 2022, Sehiri ta fara fitowa a fim din tare da fim din wasan kwaikwayo ''[[Under the Fig Trees|A ƙarƙashin itatuwan ɓaure]]'', wanda aka fara gabatar da shi a duniya a karo na 75 na bikin fina-finai na Cannes, a gefen Daraktoci na Fortnight, kuma an sake shi a cikin fina-fakka a watan Disamba na 2022. Fim din ya kuma lashe Golden Bayard a bikin 37th Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur, kuma an zaba shi a matsayin gabatarwar Tunisiya don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya a Kyautar Kwalijin ta 95th.<ref name="Tunisia">{{Cite web |last=Driss |first=Neila |date=8 September 2022 |title=« Sous les figues » d'Erige Sehiri représentera la Tunisie à l'Oscar 2023 du Meilleur Film International |trans-title=“Under the figs” by Erige Sehiri will represent Tunisia at the 2023 Oscar for Best International Film |url=https://www.webdo.tn/2022/09/08/sous-les-figues-derige-sehiri-representera-la-tunisie-a-loscar-2023-du-meilleur-film-international/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002224226/https://www.webdo.tn/2022/09/08/sous-les-figues-derige-sehiri-representera-la-tunisie-a-loscar-2023-du-meilleur-film-international/ |archive-date=2 October 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=Webdo TN |language=fr}}</ref> A cikin 2025, fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Sehiri mai suna Promised Sky ya fara fitowa a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard na 78th Cannes Film Festival . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * Railway Men (2019, shirin) * ''[[Under the Fig Trees]]'' (2022, wasan kwaikwayo, fasalin) * Proposed Sky (2025, wasan kwaikwayo, fasalin) == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] avmwcms45oxysaqpsv8zj3dxg7mlsu5 0 152662 841314 2026-05-28T09:24:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355480815|Ganga Talao]]" 841314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ganga Talao''' (wanda aka fi sani da Grand Bassin {{IPA|fr|ɡʁɑ̃ basɛ̃|}}) an dauke shi tafki mai tsarki tsakanin Hindu, wanda ke cikin wani rami mai fitattun wuta wanda ke cikin yankin dutse mai ɓoye, sama da Tekun Indiya a cikin gundumar Savanne a kan karamin tsibirin [[Moris|Mauritius]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Ganga Talao yana aiki ne a matsayin "dutse na al'adu" ga 'yan gudun hijirar Indiyawan Mauritius. Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin aikin hajji na shekara-shekara a lokacin Maha Shivaratri, babban bikin Hindu na tsibirin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=shiv%20mandir%20mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994 |access-date=2019-03-03 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Firayim Minista na Indiya, Narendra Modi ya ziyarci shafin a matsayin alama ce ta haɗin kai da al'adu da kuma zurfin alaƙa tsakanin Indiya da Mauritius. == Magana == Ganga Talao a zahiri tana nufin "Tafkin Ganga", wata alama ce ta alaƙar Grand Bassin da kogin Indiya Ganga (Ganges). == Tarihi == A cewar labari, a cikin 1887 (wasu suna cewa shekarun 1890) wani firist mai suna Pandit Jhummun Giri na Triolet <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=J |first=Meenakshi |date=2025-08-13 |title=How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine |url=https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref> ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami wahayi a cikin mafarki na ganin ruwan Ganga Talao yana gudana daga allahiyar Ganga. Labarin wahayin ya bazu da sauri kuma Ganga Talao ya zama "tsarin Allah na Hindu" wanda ya haɗa shi da kogin Ganges mai nisan kilomita 4,000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Muhimmancin tafkin da bikin ya samo asali ne daga matsalolin da aka samu a lokacin 'yan gudun hijirar Indiyawan Mauritius lokacin da aka kawo ma'aikata rabin miliyan zuwa tsibirin a karni na sha tara tare da alkawuran rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tafiya a fadin Tekun Indiya a cikin jiragen ruwa da ke cike da cuta, an sanya su aiki tuƙuru a cikin filayen sukari. Wahayin firist ɗin ya ba da damar masu ƙaura su ƙirƙiri hanyar haɗi zuwa Ganges kuma su "wanke a cikin ruwa mai tsarki". <ref name=":1" /> Rukunin farko na mahajjata zuwa Ganga Talao sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Triolet kuma Pandit Giri Gossayne ne ya jagoranci daga Terre Rouge a cikin 1898. A shekara ta 1998 an ayyana shi a matsayin "teku mai tsarki". A shekara ta 1972, an haɗa wasu ruwa mai tsarki daga Kogin Ganges don kafa hanyar haɗi ta alama tare da Kogin Indiya mai tsarki kuma an sake sunan tafkin Ganga Talao . <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Centre - Laureates 2007 |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120230417/http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ |archive-date=January 20, 2008 |access-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> == Maha Shivarati hajji da taron == An keɓe bikin Maha Shivarati ga allahn Hindu Shiva, ɗaya daga cikin manyan alloli uku a addinin Hindu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPage2016">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?"]. ''CNN''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> A lokacin Shivaratri, kusan rabin miliyan 'yan Hindu a [[Moris|Mauritius]] suna yin aikin hajji zuwa tafkin, da yawa suna tafiya daga gidajensu suna ɗauke da Kanvars (kanwars) da aka yi da hannu, ƙananan wuraren ibada da aka keɓe wa allahn Shiva. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=shiv%20mandir%20mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994 |access-date=2019-03-03 |website=www.google.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[google:shiv mandir mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994|"shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search"]]. ''www.google.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> Waɗannan ƙananan wuraren ibada suna gefen tafkin, inda mahajjata ke ba da hadayun abinci, wuta, addu'a, da bukukuwa. [ <ref name=":1" /> Ɗaya daga cikin al'ada ita ce yin addu'o'insu da ruwan tafkin don a "tsarkake" su kuma a "canza" ƙarfin Shiva zuwa gare su. <ref name=":1" /> Wadanda suka yi aikin hajji sau da yawa suna yin kwalba da wasu ruwa, wanda ake la'akari da "ruwa mai tsarki," don dawo da wadanda ba su iya zuwa ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPage2016">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?"]. ''CNN''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> Hadisi sau da yawa yana cewa mutane suna ba da abinci da abin sha ga mahajjata. == Mangal Mahadev - Siffar Shiva == Mangal Mahadev mutum-mutumi ne mai tsayi {{Convert|33|m|ft}} na allahn Hindu, Shiva, yana tsaye tare da trident dinsa a ƙofar Ganga Talao . An kaddamar da shi a shekara ta 2007, shi ne mutum-mutumi mafi tsayi a Mauritius kuma kwafin mutum-mutuni na Shiva a Tafkin Sursagar a Vadodara, Gujarat a Indiya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=J |first=Meenakshi |date=2025-08-13 |title=How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine |url=https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJ2025">J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Akwai temples da aka keɓe ga wasu alloli, ciki har da Ubangiji Hanuman, Goddess Ganga, da Ubangiji Ganesh tare da Grand Bassin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 682fbo2ll4tkhfn9ytfechexnn4ius7 841315 841314 2026-05-28T09:24:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 841315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ganga Talao''' (wanda aka fi sani da Grand Bassin {{IPA|fr|ɡʁɑ̃ basɛ̃|}}) an dauke shi tafki mai tsarki tsakanin Hindu, wanda ke cikin wani rami mai fitattun wuta wanda ke cikin yankin dutse mai ɓoye, sama da Tekun Indiya a cikin gundumar Savanne a kan karamin tsibirin [[Moris|Mauritius]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Ganga Talao yana aiki ne a matsayin "dutse na al'adu" ga 'yan gudun hijirar Indiyawan Mauritius. Tafkin yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin aikin hajji na shekara-shekara a lokacin Maha Shivaratri, babban bikin Hindu na tsibirin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=shiv%20mandir%20mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994 |access-date=2019-03-03 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Firayim Minista na Indiya, Narendra Modi ya ziyarci shafin a matsayin alama ce ta haɗin kai da al'adu da kuma zurfin alaƙa tsakanin Indiya da Mauritius. == Magana == Ganga Talao a zahiri tana nufin "Tafkin Ganga", wata alama ce ta alaƙar Grand Bassin da kogin Indiya Ganga (Ganges). == Tarihi == A cewar labari, a cikin 1887 (wasu suna cewa shekarun 1890) wani firist mai suna Pandit Jhummun Giri na Triolet <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=J |first=Meenakshi |date=2025-08-13 |title=How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine |url=https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}</ref> ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami wahayi a cikin mafarki na ganin ruwan Ganga Talao yana gudana daga allahiyar Ganga. Labarin wahayin ya bazu da sauri kuma Ganga Talao ya zama "tsarin Allah na Hindu" wanda ya haɗa shi da kogin Ganges mai nisan kilomita 4,000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Muhimmancin tafkin da bikin ya samo asali ne daga matsalolin da aka samu a lokacin 'yan gudun hijirar Indiyawan Mauritius lokacin da aka kawo ma'aikata rabin miliyan zuwa tsibirin a karni na sha tara tare da alkawuran rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tafiya a fadin Tekun Indiya a cikin jiragen ruwa da ke cike da cuta, an sanya su aiki tuƙuru a cikin filayen sukari. Wahayin firist ɗin ya ba da damar masu ƙaura su ƙirƙiri hanyar haɗi zuwa Ganges kuma su "wanke a cikin ruwa mai tsarki". <ref name=":1" /> Rukunin farko na mahajjata zuwa Ganga Talao sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Triolet kuma Pandit Giri Gossayne ne ya jagoranci daga Terre Rouge a cikin 1898. A shekara ta 1998 an ayyana shi a matsayin "teku mai tsarki". A shekara ta 1972, an haɗa wasu ruwa mai tsarki daga Kogin Ganges don kafa hanyar haɗi ta alama tare da Kogin Indiya mai tsarki kuma an sake sunan tafkin Ganga Talao . <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Centre - Laureates 2007 |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120230417/http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ |archive-date=January 20, 2008 |access-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> == Maha Shivarati hajji da taron == An keɓe bikin Maha Shivarati ga allahn Hindu Shiva, ɗaya daga cikin manyan alloli uku a addinin Hindu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPage2016">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?"]. ''CNN''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> A lokacin Shivaratri, kusan rabin miliyan 'yan Hindu a [[Moris|Mauritius]] suna yin aikin hajji zuwa tafkin, da yawa suna tafiya daga gidajensu suna ɗauke da Kanvars (kanwars) da aka yi da hannu, ƙananan wuraren ibada da aka keɓe wa allahn Shiva. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=shiv%20mandir%20mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994 |access-date=2019-03-03 |website=www.google.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[[google:shiv mandir mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994|"shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search"]]. ''www.google.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-03</span></span>.</cite></ref> Waɗannan ƙananan wuraren ibada suna gefen tafkin, inda mahajjata ke ba da hadayun abinci, wuta, addu'a, da bukukuwa. [ <ref name=":1" /> Ɗaya daga cikin al'ada ita ce yin addu'o'insu da ruwan tafkin don a "tsarkake" su kuma a "canza" ƙarfin Shiva zuwa gare su. <ref name=":1" /> Wadanda suka yi aikin hajji sau da yawa suna yin kwalba da wasu ruwa, wanda ake la'akari da "ruwa mai tsarki," don dawo da wadanda ba su iya zuwa ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Rob Howell,Thomas |date=2016-05-03 |title=Is this lake divine? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=CNN |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPage2016">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?"]. ''CNN''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> Hadisi sau da yawa yana cewa mutane suna ba da abinci da abin sha ga mahajjata. == Mangal Mahadev - Siffar Shiva == Mangal Mahadev mutum-mutumi ne mai tsayi {{Convert|33|m|ft}} na allahn Hindu, Shiva, yana tsaye tare da trident dinsa a ƙofar Ganga Talao . An kaddamar da shi a shekara ta 2007, shi ne mutum-mutumi mafi tsayi a Mauritius kuma kwafin mutum-mutuni na Shiva a Tafkin Sursagar a Vadodara, Gujarat a Indiya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=J |first=Meenakshi |date=2025-08-13 |title=How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine |url=https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=thefederal.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJ2025">J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-01-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Akwai temples da aka keɓe ga wasu alloli, ciki har da Ubangiji Hanuman, Goddess Ganga, da Ubangiji Ganesh tare da Grand Bassin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hz6cyv76cqh7n6m1kkrg6hwxhyf3o8u 0 152663 841316 2026-05-28T09:25:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1265540231|Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali]]" 841316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aguelmame Sidi Ali''' wani [[Tafki|tafki ne]] a lardin Khénifra, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Maroko . Aguelmame Sidi Ali yana da tsayin mita 2,080, yana da fili kimanin {{Convert|500|hectare}} da zurfin {{Convert|36|m|ft|0}} . Yana kusa da iyakar lardin Ifrane a cikin tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] . Yana cikin Khenifra National Park, wani yanki mai {{Convert|842|km2|mi2|0}} yankin da aka kare wanda aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khenifra National Park in Morocco |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/khenifra-national-park-national-park |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana cikin tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] a tsayin {{Convert|2080|m|ft|0}} kuma yana da yankin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] na kimanin {{Convert|15.6|km2|mi2|0}} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Tripomatic |title=Aguelmame Sidi Ali lake in Khenifra National Park, Morocco |url=https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/aguelmame-sidi-ali-lake-poi:20057484 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=travel.sygic.com}}</ref> An samar da shi a cikin Upper Miocene / Quaternary a mahadar lahani guda biyu. Yana cikin ramin halitta a cikin dutsen basalt kuma an samar da shi ne daga kwano biyu, wanda aka raba shi da tudun basal wanda ke bayyana lokacin da matakin ruwa ya faɗi. Ruwan sama, narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da maɓuɓɓugan karst suna ciyar da shi. pH shine 9.1 kuma abun da ke cikin ma'adinan yana da ƙasa kaɗan tare da ƙarfin watsawa na 1200–1600 uScm-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali, Middle Atlas Morocco, Holocene diatom analyses |url=https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/vol7_N10/404-JMES-El%20hamouti.pdf}}</ref> == Muhalli == Aikin da ke kewaye da tafkin ya taɓa zama gandun daji tare da itacen Atlas (''Cedrus atlantica''), amma kwanan nan, wannan gandun daji ya lalace kuma yankin da ke kewayen tafkin ya zama bushe, ƙaya mai ƙaya wanda ya mamaye [[Juniperus thurifera|Juniperus thurifera">Juniper na Mutanen Espanya]] (Juniperus thurifera). Plankton da sediment a cikin tafkin suna da wadataccen diatoms, musamman na jinsin ''Cyclotella'', kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan don samar da shaidar paleohydrology da canje-canjen hydroclimatic da suka shafi tafkin ya sha wahala a kan aeons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali - Tifounassine {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213423/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-date=2018-04-26 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Note archéologique sur l'Aguelman de Sidi-Ali (Moyen-Atlas, Maroc) - Persée |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210235521/https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-date=2020-02-10 |access-date=2024-05-07 |doi=10.3406/bspf.1932.5669}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an sanya Aguelmams Sidi Ali / Tifounassine complex, tsaunuka uku a tsawo tsakanin 1,900 da 2,100 , a matsayin shafin Ramsar; suna samar da mahimman wuraren hunturu ga tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura ciki har da ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea'') da kuma coot (''Fulica cristata''). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali – Tifounassine |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |access-date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Rage yanayin hazo ya rage matakin ruwa na tafkin, kuma wani tafki wanda ya kasance a ƙarshen kudu maso yamma ba ya wanzu. Kiwon garken tumaki da awaki ta hanyar makiyaya a lokacin bazara da rani ya kawar da tsire-tsire na ruwa a gefen tafkin. Ƙananan tsuntsayen ruwa suna ziyartar tafkin a cikin hunturu kuma babban grebe ba ya haifuwa a nan. Duk da kariya, ruddy shelduck da sauran tsuntsayen daji suna fama da farauta. Tafkin ya kasance wuri ne kawai a duniya inda ''Salmo pallaryi'', nau'in nau'in trout, ya rayu amma wannan kifin [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|ya ƙare]] bayan an saki carp na yau da kullun (''Cyprinus carpio'') a cikin tafkin a cikin 1934. Northern pike (''Esox lucius'') da zander (''Sander lucioperca''), wasu nau'ikan kifi ne da ba na asali ba kuma aka gabatar a cikin tafkin.<ref name="Marini" /> == Manazarta == nfwt6pcz3knz17qrpg9gi1kchnj2juo 841317 841316 2026-05-28T09:26:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 841317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Aguelmame Sidi Ali''' wani [[Tafki|tafki ne]] a lardin Khénifra, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Maroko . Aguelmame Sidi Ali yana da tsayin mita 2,080, yana da fili kimanin {{Convert|500|hectare}} da zurfin {{Convert|36|m|ft|0}} . Yana kusa da iyakar lardin Ifrane a cikin tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] . Yana cikin Khenifra National Park, wani yanki mai {{Convert|842|km2|mi2|0}} yankin da aka kare wanda aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khenifra National Park in Morocco |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/khenifra-national-park-national-park |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana cikin tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] a tsayin {{Convert|2080|m|ft|0}} kuma yana da yankin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] na kimanin {{Convert|15.6|km2|mi2|0}} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Tripomatic |title=Aguelmame Sidi Ali lake in Khenifra National Park, Morocco |url=https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/aguelmame-sidi-ali-lake-poi:20057484 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=travel.sygic.com}}</ref> An samar da shi a cikin Upper Miocene / Quaternary a mahadar lahani guda biyu. Yana cikin ramin halitta a cikin dutsen basalt kuma an samar da shi ne daga kwano biyu, wanda aka raba shi da tudun basal wanda ke bayyana lokacin da matakin ruwa ya faɗi. Ruwan sama, narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da maɓuɓɓugan karst suna ciyar da shi. pH shine 9.1 kuma abun da ke cikin ma'adinan yana da ƙasa kaɗan tare da ƙarfin watsawa na 1200–1600 uScm-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali, Middle Atlas Morocco, Holocene diatom analyses |url=https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/vol7_N10/404-JMES-El%20hamouti.pdf}}</ref> == Muhalli == Aikin da ke kewaye da tafkin ya taɓa zama gandun daji tare da itacen Atlas (''Cedrus atlantica''), amma kwanan nan, wannan gandun daji ya lalace kuma yankin da ke kewayen tafkin ya zama bushe, ƙaya mai ƙaya wanda ya mamaye [[Juniperus thurifera|Juniperus thurifera">Juniper na Mutanen Espanya]] (Juniperus thurifera). Plankton da sediment a cikin tafkin suna da wadataccen diatoms, musamman na jinsin ''Cyclotella'', kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan don samar da shaidar paleohydrology da canje-canjen hydroclimatic da suka shafi tafkin ya sha wahala a kan aeons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali - Tifounassine {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213423/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-date=2018-04-26 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Note archéologique sur l'Aguelman de Sidi-Ali (Moyen-Atlas, Maroc) - Persée |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210235521/https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-date=2020-02-10 |access-date=2024-05-07 |doi=10.3406/bspf.1932.5669}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an sanya Aguelmams Sidi Ali / Tifounassine complex, tsaunuka uku a tsawo tsakanin 1,900 da 2,100 , a matsayin shafin Ramsar; suna samar da mahimman wuraren hunturu ga tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura ciki har da ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea'') da kuma coot (''Fulica cristata''). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali – Tifounassine |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |access-date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Rage yanayin hazo ya rage matakin ruwa na tafkin, kuma wani tafki wanda ya kasance a ƙarshen kudu maso yamma ba ya wanzu. Kiwon garken tumaki da awaki ta hanyar makiyaya a lokacin bazara da rani ya kawar da tsire-tsire na ruwa a gefen tafkin. Ƙananan tsuntsayen ruwa suna ziyartar tafkin a cikin hunturu kuma babban grebe ba ya haifuwa a nan. Duk da kariya, ruddy shelduck da sauran tsuntsayen daji suna fama da farauta. Tafkin ya kasance wuri ne kawai a duniya inda ''Salmo pallaryi'', nau'in nau'in trout, ya rayu amma wannan kifin [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|ya ƙare]] bayan an saki carp na yau da kullun (''Cyprinus carpio'') a cikin tafkin a cikin 1934. Northern pike (''Esox lucius'') da zander (''Sander lucioperca''), wasu nau'ikan kifi ne da ba na asali ba kuma aka gabatar a cikin tafkin.<ref name="Marini" /> == Manazarta == m664pogmccrjfhy928zsldu7lks3ixu 0 152664 841318 2026-05-28T09:27:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278062909|Akalamm Abkhane]]" 841318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akalamm Abkhane''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Black Lake''') tafki ne mai nisan {{Convert|38|km}} (24 daga Lardin Khénifra . Yana wakiltar sanannen alamar muhalli a cikin Lardin Khenifra, musamman a cikin yankin Temdaghas Ait Lahcen. Tafkin gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, gami da geese da baki. Koyaya, ba shi da [[kifi]] saboda kasancewar ma'adanai masu guba, kamar gubar, da kuma yawan gishiri na ruwansa. Tafkin yanki ne na halitta wanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da maɓuɓɓugan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke ciyar da shi, musamman ma saboda zurfinsa, musamman a gefen gabas. Tafkin yana da tsayin {{Convert|1700|m}}, wanda ya mamaye yanki mai girman {{Convert|7|ha}}, tare da zurfin har zuwa {{Convert|2|m|ft|0}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beni Mellal-Khénifra - Conseil régional du tourisme |url=https://www.visitbenimellal.com/ar/nature/baladeenquad/61e14c362259880019a70aa0 |website=www.visitbenimellal.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1brqhv7x3fz57j4e1jys87hnhk1jkey 841319 841318 2026-05-28T09:27:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 841319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akalamm Abkhane''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Black Lake''') tafki ne mai nisan {{Convert|38|km}} (24 daga Lardin Khénifra . Yana wakiltar sanannen alamar muhalli a cikin Lardin Khenifra, musamman a cikin yankin Temdaghas Ait Lahcen. Tafkin gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, gami da geese da baki. Koyaya, ba shi da [[kifi]] saboda kasancewar ma'adanai masu guba, kamar gubar, da kuma yawan gishiri na ruwansa. Tafkin yanki ne na halitta wanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da maɓuɓɓugan ƙarƙashin ƙasa ke ciyar da shi, musamman ma saboda zurfinsa, musamman a gefen gabas. Tafkin yana da tsayin {{Convert|1700|m}}, wanda ya mamaye yanki mai girman {{Convert|7|ha}}, tare da zurfin har zuwa {{Convert|2|m|ft|0}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beni Mellal-Khénifra - Conseil régional du tourisme |url=https://www.visitbenimellal.com/ar/nature/baladeenquad/61e14c362259880019a70aa0 |website=www.visitbenimellal.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6rebvdyt6oxd5nflh79qeys6a4u2ys0 0 152665 841321 2026-05-28T09:27:57Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342216351|Moufida Tlatli]]" 841321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moufida Tlatli''' (Tunisian Arabic; 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1947 - 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2021) ta kasance darektan fina-finai na Tunisia, marubuciya, kuma edita. An fi saninta da fim din da ta yi mai suna The Silences of the Palace, wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da kasa kuma masu sukar sun yaba da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 greatest foreign-language films: who voted? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181029-the-100-greatest-foreign-language-films-who-voted |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 greatest films directed by women: Who voted? L-Z |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191126-the-100-greatest-films-directed-by-women-who-voted-m-z |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi wasu fina-finai biyu da aka karɓa, The Season of Men da ''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' .{{Spaced en dash}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Moufida Tlatli a Sidi Bou Said, wani yanki na babban birnin [[Tunis]], a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1947. Malamin falsafarta ne ya sa ta sha'awar fim. Ta koma Paris a shekarar 1965, inda ta yi karatun gyaran fina-finai da rubutun allo a Institut des hautes études cinématographiques . <ref name="Cannes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Cannes Film Festival}}</ref> Daga baya ta koma Tunisia a 1972 kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin editan fim.<ref name="Cannes" /> Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun fina-finai da ta shirya shi ne ''[[Férid Boughedir|Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]'' (1990) na [[Férid Boughedir]] . <ref name="Cannes" /> == Ayyuka == Moufida Tlatli ta fara zama darakta tare da The Silences of the Palace (1994). Ta samo wahayi zuwa fim din daga abubuwan da mahaifiyarta ta jimre a matsayin mace Larabawa. Fim din ya sami yabo sosai kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa: Kamara ta Zinariya ta Bikin Fim na Cannes, Golden Tanit na Bikin Fim na Carthage, Sutherland Trophy na Cibiyar Fim ta Burtaniya, Kyautar Masu Fim ta Duniya ta Toronto, da Golden Tulip na Bikin Fim na Duniya na Istanbul. Daga baya aka rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai goma mafi kyau daga Afirka ta hanyar darektan fina-fakka na Mark Cousins a watan Satumbar 2012. Fim na biyu da Moufida Tlatli ya jagoranta, The Season of Men (2000), an nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a bikin fina-finai na Cannes a wannan shekarar.<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web |title=La Saison des Hommes |trans-title=The Season of Men |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5119/year/2000.html |access-date=15 October 2009 |website=[[Festival de Cannes]] |language=fr}}</ref> Cibiyar Larabawa ta Duniya ce ta ba shi kyautar Grand Prix, da kuma kyaututtuka a bukukuwan fina-finai da aka gudanar a Namur, Valencia, Torino, da Stuttgart.<ref name="Cannes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Cannes Film Festival}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati "Moufida Tlatli"]. Cannes Film Festival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Daga baya ta zauna a matsayin mai juri na bikin fina-finai na Cannes . Ta zama darakta na biyu daga Maghreb don yin hakan, bayan Boughedir shekaru goma da suka gabata. Fim dinta na uku kuma na karshe, ''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' (2004), ya nuna dan wasan kwaikwayo na Palasdinawa Hiam Abbass a cikin rawar da take takawa. == Rayuwa ta baya == Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Tunisia ta nada Tlatli a matsayin Ministan Al'adu a shekarar 2011, biyo bayan Juyin Juya Halin Tunisiya da kuma korar shugaban kasar [[Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali|Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayad |first=Christophe |date=18 January 2011 |title=Tunisie, une transition à hauts risques |trans-title=Tunisia, a high-risk transition |url=http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012314313-tunisie-une-transition-a-hauts-risques |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708170632/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012314313-tunisie-une-transition-a-hauts-risques |archive-date=8 July 2013 |website=www.liberation.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Tlatli ya mutu daga [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2021, yana da shekaru 73. Mijinta, Mohamed Tlatli, 'yarta Selima Chaffai da ɗanta, Walid, da jikoki biyar ne suka mutu. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Edita === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Reference |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia and Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> |- |2000 |''The Season of Men'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''The Silences of the Palace'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''[[The Fire Dance]]'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://mubi.com/cast/moufida-tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=[[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]]}}</ref> |- |1990 |''[[Férid Boughedir|Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1990 |''[[The Song of The Rock]]'' |<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref name="BFI" /> |- |1989 |''[[Leila's My Reason]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1988 |''The Trace'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1987 |''[[Arab Camera]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1986 |''[[Arab (film)|Arab]]'' |<ref name="elCinema">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1003337/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=elCinema}}</ref> |- |1984 |''[[Wanderers of The Desert]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1983 |''[[Crossings (1983 film)|Crossings]]'' | |- |1982 |''[[Shadows of The Earth]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1980 |''[[Aziza (1980 fim)|Aziza]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1979 |''[[Nahla (film)|Nahla]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1978 |''[[A Ball and Dreams]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |- |1977 |''[[Omar Katlato]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |- |1975 |''[[Fatma 75]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1974 |''[[A People's Victory]]'' | |- |1974 |''[[Sajnène]]'' |<ref name="Armes" /> |- |1972 |''[[In The Land of Trannani]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |} === Daraktan === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Notes |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia and Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b "Moufida Tlatli"]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b the original] on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- |2000 |''The Season of Men'' |<ref name="BFI" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Films - Writer - Moufida Tlatli latest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/gateways/writer/tlatlimoufida/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |- |1994 |''The Silences of the Palace'' |<ref name="BFI" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Silences Of The Palace (Le Silence du Palais) {{!}} Film {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/76856/silences-of-the-palace |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> |} === Marubuci === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Bayani |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b "Moufida Tlatli"]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b the original] on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- |2000 |''Lokacin Maza'' |<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli "Moufida Tlatli"]. ''Rotten Tomatoes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''Shiru na Fadar'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] 0k68ufol9b0d7ibd6oxpsxj9wwsrn4u 841324 841321 2026-05-28T09:28:19Z Gwanki 3834 841324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Moufida Tlatli''' (Tunisian Arabic; 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1947 - 7 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2021) ta kasance darektan fina-finai na Tunisia, marubuciya, kuma edita. An fi saninta da fim din da ta yi mai suna The Silences of the Palace, wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da kasa kuma masu sukar sun yaba da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 greatest foreign-language films: who voted? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181029-the-100-greatest-foreign-language-films-who-voted |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 greatest films directed by women: Who voted? L-Z |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191126-the-100-greatest-films-directed-by-women-who-voted-m-z |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi wasu fina-finai biyu da aka karɓa, The Season of Men da ''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' .{{Spaced en dash}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Moufida Tlatli a Sidi Bou Said, wani yanki na babban birnin [[Tunis]], a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1947. Malamin falsafarta ne ya sa ta sha'awar fim. Ta koma Paris a shekarar 1965, inda ta yi karatun gyaran fina-finai da rubutun allo a Institut des hautes études cinématographiques . <ref name="Cannes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Cannes Film Festival}}</ref> Daga baya ta koma Tunisia a 1972 kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin editan fim.<ref name="Cannes" /> Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun fina-finai da ta shirya shi ne ''[[Férid Boughedir|Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]'' (1990) na [[Férid Boughedir]] . <ref name="Cannes" /> == Ayyuka == Moufida Tlatli ta fara zama darakta tare da The Silences of the Palace (1994). Ta samo wahayi zuwa fim din daga abubuwan da mahaifiyarta ta jimre a matsayin mace Larabawa. Fim din ya sami yabo sosai kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa: Kamara ta Zinariya ta Bikin Fim na Cannes, Golden Tanit na Bikin Fim na Carthage, Sutherland Trophy na Cibiyar Fim ta Burtaniya, Kyautar Masu Fim ta Duniya ta Toronto, da Golden Tulip na Bikin Fim na Duniya na Istanbul. Daga baya aka rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai goma mafi kyau daga Afirka ta hanyar darektan fina-fakka na Mark Cousins a watan Satumbar 2012. Fim na biyu da Moufida Tlatli ya jagoranta, The Season of Men (2000), an nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a bikin fina-finai na Cannes a wannan shekarar.<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web |title=La Saison des Hommes |trans-title=The Season of Men |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5119/year/2000.html |access-date=15 October 2009 |website=[[Festival de Cannes]] |language=fr}}</ref> Cibiyar Larabawa ta Duniya ce ta ba shi kyautar Grand Prix, da kuma kyaututtuka a bukukuwan fina-finai da aka gudanar a Namur, Valencia, Torino, da Stuttgart.<ref name="Cannes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=Cannes Film Festival}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/moufida-tlati "Moufida Tlatli"]. Cannes Film Festival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Daga baya ta zauna a matsayin mai juri na bikin fina-finai na Cannes . Ta zama darakta na biyu daga Maghreb don yin hakan, bayan Boughedir shekaru goma da suka gabata. Fim dinta na uku kuma na karshe, ''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' (2004), ya nuna dan wasan kwaikwayo na Palasdinawa Hiam Abbass a cikin rawar da take takawa. == Rayuwa ta baya == Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Tunisia ta nada Tlatli a matsayin Ministan Al'adu a shekarar 2011, biyo bayan Juyin Juya Halin Tunisiya da kuma korar shugaban kasar [[Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali|Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayad |first=Christophe |date=18 January 2011 |title=Tunisie, une transition à hauts risques |trans-title=Tunisia, a high-risk transition |url=http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012314313-tunisie-une-transition-a-hauts-risques |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708170632/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012314313-tunisie-une-transition-a-hauts-risques |archive-date=8 July 2013 |website=www.liberation.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Tlatli ya mutu daga [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2021, yana da shekaru 73. Mijinta, Mohamed Tlatli, 'yarta Selima Chaffai da ɗanta, Walid, da jikoki biyar ne suka mutu. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Edita === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Reference |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia and Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> |- |2000 |''The Season of Men'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''The Silences of the Palace'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''[[The Fire Dance]]'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://mubi.com/cast/moufida-tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=[[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]]}}</ref> |- |1990 |''[[Férid Boughedir|Halfaouine Child of the Terraces]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1990 |''[[The Song of The Rock]]'' |<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref name="BFI" /> |- |1989 |''[[Leila's My Reason]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1988 |''The Trace'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1987 |''[[Arab Camera]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1986 |''[[Arab (film)|Arab]]'' |<ref name="elCinema">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/1003337/ |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=elCinema}}</ref> |- |1984 |''[[Wanderers of The Desert]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1983 |''[[Crossings (1983 film)|Crossings]]'' | |- |1982 |''[[Shadows of The Earth]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1980 |''[[Aziza (1980 fim)|Aziza]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1979 |''[[Nahla (film)|Nahla]]'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |- |1978 |''[[A Ball and Dreams]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |- |1977 |''[[Omar Katlato]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |- |1975 |''[[Fatma 75]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /><ref name="Armes" /> |- |1974 |''[[A People's Victory]]'' | |- |1974 |''[[Sajnène]]'' |<ref name="Armes" /> |- |1972 |''[[In The Land of Trannani]]'' |<ref name="elCinema" /> |} === Daraktan === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Notes |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia and Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b "Moufida Tlatli"]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b the original] on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- |2000 |''The Season of Men'' |<ref name="BFI" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Films - Writer - Moufida Tlatli latest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/gateways/writer/tlatlimoufida/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |- |1994 |''The Silences of the Palace'' |<ref name="BFI" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Silences Of The Palace (Le Silence du Palais) {{!}} Film {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/76856/silences-of-the-palace |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> |} === Marubuci === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Bayani |- |2004 |''[[Nadia et Sarra|Nadia da Sarra]]'' |<ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=10 February 2021 |publisher=British Film Institute}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612040248/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b "Moufida Tlatli"]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bafe3fb1b the original] on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- |2000 |''Lokacin Maza'' |<ref name="Rotten Tomatoes">{{Cite web |title=Moufida Tlatli |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli |access-date=10 February 2021 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/moufida_tlatli "Moufida Tlatli"]. ''Rotten Tomatoes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="BFI" /> |- |1994 |''Shiru na Fadar'' |<ref name="BFI" /> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] o1c2q7gj8yoayaad0j7hng0kj3ievvc 0 152666 841322 2026-05-28T09:28:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347715433|Lake Afennourrir]]" 841322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lac_Afenounir.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Ruwa]] Tafkin Afnourir tafki ne mai tsawo wanda ke cikin garin Ain El Louh a lardin Ifrane, kimanin kilomita 30 daga garin Azrou, a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan tafkin ya shimfiɗa a kan yanki na hekta 300 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1800 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afennourrir Lake Aguelmame Mountain Lake That Stock Photo 1232204953 |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/afennourrir-lake-aguelmame-mountain-that-administratively-1232204953 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Shutterstock |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; Yanayinta na ƙasa a tsakiyar gandun daji na al'ul ya ba shi matsayin Ramsar a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1990, wanda aka jera a cikin wuraren da ke cikin tsakiyar Atlas, saboda ayyukan muhalli da ruwa da suke cikawa, don kiyaye bambancin halittu na duniya da dorewar rayuwar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac d'Afennourir {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/208 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Les zones humides et l'eau {{!}} Zones Humides |url=https://www.zones-humides.org/les-zones-humides-et-l-eau |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=www.zones-humides.org}}</ref> == Babban wuri == Tana kan tudu na tsakiyar Atlas, kilomita 20 a kudancin birnin Azru, a kan babbar hanyar da ke haɗa ƙauyen Aïn Leuh zuwa RP 20 (wanda ke haɗa Azrou zuwa Midelt). Yana cikin Commune na Aïn Leuh (lardin Ifrane). <ref>{{Cite web |last=سكينة |date=2017-04-05 |title=تعزيز بحيرة أفنورير المتضررة من التغيرات المناخية ب 180 ألف سمكة |url=https://www.barlamane.com/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=برلمان.كوم |language=ar}}</ref> == Sabuntawa == A cikin 2017, Babban Kwamitin Ruwa da dazuzzuka na Maroko ya fitar da kifi mai yawa a cikin Tafkin Afennourir na nau'o'i daban-daban, wanda ya kai fiye da kifi 180,000. Wannan aikin an yi shi ne don dawo da ma'aunin muhalli na wannan tafkin, wanda ya shafi guguwar fari da canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kifi da yawa da ƙaurawar tsuntsaye da suka saba taruwa a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The impact of climatic variations on the role and sustainable management of natural ecosystems in the Middle Atlas (Afenourir wetland area case) |url=https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a102/00006861.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == nwg9meirs9eeshebks98fw02825qgbi 841325 841322 2026-05-28T09:28:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 841325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lac_Afenounir.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Ruwa]] Tafkin Afnourir tafki ne mai tsawo wanda ke cikin garin Ain El Louh a lardin Ifrane, kimanin kilomita 30 daga garin Azrou, a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan tafkin ya shimfiɗa a kan yanki na hekta 300 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1800 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afennourrir Lake Aguelmame Mountain Lake That Stock Photo 1232204953 |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/afennourrir-lake-aguelmame-mountain-that-administratively-1232204953 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Shutterstock |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; Yanayinta na ƙasa a tsakiyar gandun daji na al'ul ya ba shi matsayin Ramsar a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1990, wanda aka jera a cikin wuraren da ke cikin tsakiyar Atlas, saboda ayyukan muhalli da ruwa da suke cikawa, don kiyaye bambancin halittu na duniya da dorewar rayuwar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac d'Afennourir {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/208 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Les zones humides et l'eau {{!}} Zones Humides |url=https://www.zones-humides.org/les-zones-humides-et-l-eau |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=www.zones-humides.org}}</ref> == Babban wuri == Tana kan tudu na tsakiyar Atlas, kilomita 20 a kudancin birnin Azru, a kan babbar hanyar da ke haɗa ƙauyen Aïn Leuh zuwa RP 20 (wanda ke haɗa Azrou zuwa Midelt). Yana cikin Commune na Aïn Leuh (lardin Ifrane). <ref>{{Cite web |last=سكينة |date=2017-04-05 |title=تعزيز بحيرة أفنورير المتضررة من التغيرات المناخية ب 180 ألف سمكة |url=https://www.barlamane.com/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=برلمان.كوم |language=ar}}</ref> == Sabuntawa == A cikin 2017, Babban Kwamitin Ruwa da dazuzzuka na Maroko ya fitar da kifi mai yawa a cikin Tafkin Afennourir na nau'o'i daban-daban, wanda ya kai fiye da kifi 180,000. Wannan aikin an yi shi ne don dawo da ma'aunin muhalli na wannan tafkin, wanda ya shafi guguwar fari da canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kifi da yawa da ƙaurawar tsuntsaye da suka saba taruwa a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The impact of climatic variations on the role and sustainable management of natural ecosystems in the Middle Atlas (Afenourir wetland area case) |url=https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a102/00006861.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == maev63cfnfo6v26mm9dnl10sc6ktrft 841326 841325 2026-05-28T09:28:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lac_Afenounir.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Ruwa]] '''Tafkin Afnourir''' tafki ne mai tsawo wanda ke cikin garin Ain El Louh a lardin Ifrane, kimanin kilomita 30 daga garin Azrou, a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan tafkin ya shimfiɗa a kan yanki na hekta 300 kuma yana da tsawo na mita 1800 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afennourrir Lake Aguelmame Mountain Lake That Stock Photo 1232204953 |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/afennourrir-lake-aguelmame-mountain-that-administratively-1232204953 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Shutterstock |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; Yanayinta na ƙasa a tsakiyar gandun daji na al'ul ya ba shi matsayin Ramsar a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1990, wanda aka jera a cikin wuraren da ke cikin tsakiyar Atlas, saboda ayyukan muhalli da ruwa da suke cikawa, don kiyaye bambancin halittu na duniya da dorewar rayuwar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac d'Afennourir {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/208 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Les zones humides et l'eau {{!}} Zones Humides |url=https://www.zones-humides.org/les-zones-humides-et-l-eau |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=www.zones-humides.org}}</ref> == Babban wuri == Tana kan tudu na tsakiyar Atlas, kilomita 20 a kudancin birnin Azru, a kan babbar hanyar da ke haɗa ƙauyen Aïn Leuh zuwa RP 20 (wanda ke haɗa Azrou zuwa Midelt). Yana cikin Commune na Aïn Leuh (lardin Ifrane). <ref>{{Cite web |last=سكينة |date=2017-04-05 |title=تعزيز بحيرة أفنورير المتضررة من التغيرات المناخية ب 180 ألف سمكة |url=https://www.barlamane.com/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=برلمان.كوم |language=ar}}</ref> == Sabuntawa == A cikin 2017, Babban Kwamitin Ruwa da dazuzzuka na Maroko ya fitar da kifi mai yawa a cikin Tafkin Afennourir na nau'o'i daban-daban, wanda ya kai fiye da kifi 180,000. Wannan aikin an yi shi ne don dawo da ma'aunin muhalli na wannan tafkin, wanda ya shafi guguwar fari da canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kifi da yawa da ƙaurawar tsuntsaye da suka saba taruwa a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The impact of climatic variations on the role and sustainable management of natural ecosystems in the Middle Atlas (Afenourir wetland area case) |url=https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a102/00006861.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6798utzo9aq73eqkj1uzpkamkt3d8a4 0 152667 841327 2026-05-28T09:29:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292738309|Lake Aguelmam Azegza]]" 841327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lake Aguelmam Azegza''' (a Central Atlas Tamazight<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elmedlaoui |first=Mohamed |date=2022-06-01 |title=Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction: |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-et-documents-berberes-2022-1-page-77.htm?ref=doi |journal=Études et Documents Berbères |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=95 |doi=10.3917/edb.047.0077 |issn=0295-5245 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ) wani tafki ne na halitta a ƙasar Maroko wanda ya mamaye faɗin hekta 40 kuma ya kai zurfin {{Convert|25|m}}Tana cikin ƙauyen Aguelmam Azegza a tsayin {{Convert|1500|m}} sama da matakin teku. Al'ummar ta samo sunansa ne daga tafkin, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan mutanen [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] kuma ana fassara shi da tafkin kore. Tafkin yana cikin lardin Khénifra na yankin Béni Mellal-Khénifra, kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} daga birnin Khénifra a [[Tsaunin Atlas|yammacin Atlas]] ta Tsakiya. Tafkin ya shahara saboda yawan masu yawon bude ido a lokacin bazara.<ref>Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (2022-06-01). "Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction:". Études et Documents Berbères. 47 (1): 95. doi:10.3917/edb.047.0077. ISSN 0295-5245.</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Aguelmam Azegza yana cikin yankin Béni Mellal-Khénifra na [[Moroko|Maroko]], a cikin yammacin tsaunukan Atlas na Tsakiya. Tafkin halitta ne, wanda ke da launi mai launin kore, wanda ke kewaye da gandun daji mai zurfi na Atlantic da itacen oak. Babban aikin tattalin arziki a yankin shine kiwo, tare da yawon bude ido yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tafkin yana da zurfin mita 25 kuma yana rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 40. Ana ciyar da shi da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa kuma an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu tsawo. Kodayake tafkin ba sanannen wuri ne ga tsuntsaye ba, gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da crustaceans daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar wurin zama ga Barbary macaque. == Yawon shakatawa == A cikin 2020, an haɓaka shafin yanar gizon Lake Aguelmam Azegza a matsayin abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido don amfanin mazauna da ke cikin aikin yawon bude hankali a yankin hekta 3. Ci gaban ya kai kimanin dirhams miliyan 4.18, bisa ga ka'idodin gine-ginen kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya haɗa da farashin gyaran hanyoyin da ke kaiwa tafkin. Wannan ci gaban ya haɗa da shirya hanyoyi da kuma gina rukunin shaguna a cikin alfarwan katako na Amazigh. Tafkin Aguelmam Azegza yana karbar bakuncin gasar kasa da kasa ta shekara-shekara ta "Ice Swim Morocco", wani taron yin iyo na ruwan sanyi na kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a lokacin hunturu a Tafkin Agualmam Azegz. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Cedrus_libani_subsp._atlantica_in_Aguelmam_Azegza_commune,_Morocco.jpg”.jpg Fayil:Agelmam_Azagza.jpg Fayil:Aguelmam_Azegza_lake.jpg Fayil:Lac_aguelmam_azegza,KHENIFRA.jpg Fayil:Parc_national_Aguelmam_Azegza,_Khenifra.jpg Fayil:Aglmam_Azegza_khenifra.JPG Fayil:Aguelmam_Azegza.jpg Fayil:Pormoenneuses_dos_d'_moulet_ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ_ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == h2a6e891if18qepfdooqud1ro96lh95 841328 841327 2026-05-28T09:30:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 841328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Aguelmam Azegza''' (a Central Atlas Tamazight<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elmedlaoui |first=Mohamed |date=2022-06-01 |title=Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction: |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-et-documents-berberes-2022-1-page-77.htm?ref=doi |journal=Études et Documents Berbères |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=95 |doi=10.3917/edb.047.0077 |issn=0295-5245 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ) wani tafki ne na halitta a ƙasar Maroko wanda ya mamaye faɗin hekta 40 kuma ya kai zurfin {{Convert|25|m}}Tana cikin ƙauyen Aguelmam Azegza a tsayin {{Convert|1500|m}} sama da matakin teku. Al'ummar ta samo sunansa ne daga tafkin, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan mutanen [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] kuma ana fassara shi da tafkin kore. Tafkin yana cikin lardin Khénifra na yankin Béni Mellal-Khénifra, kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} daga birnin Khénifra a [[Tsaunin Atlas|yammacin Atlas]] ta Tsakiya. Tafkin ya shahara saboda yawan masu yawon bude ido a lokacin bazara.<ref>Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (2022-06-01). "Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction:". Études et Documents Berbères. 47 (1): 95. doi:10.3917/edb.047.0077. ISSN 0295-5245.</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Aguelmam Azegza yana cikin yankin Béni Mellal-Khénifra na [[Moroko|Maroko]], a cikin yammacin tsaunukan Atlas na Tsakiya. Tafkin halitta ne, wanda ke da launi mai launin kore, wanda ke kewaye da gandun daji mai zurfi na Atlantic da itacen oak. Babban aikin tattalin arziki a yankin shine kiwo, tare da yawon bude ido yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tafkin yana da zurfin mita 25 kuma yana rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 40. Ana ciyar da shi da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa kuma an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu tsawo. Kodayake tafkin ba sanannen wuri ne ga tsuntsaye ba, gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da crustaceans daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar wurin zama ga Barbary macaque. == Yawon shakatawa == A cikin 2020, an haɓaka shafin yanar gizon Lake Aguelmam Azegza a matsayin abin jan hankali na yawon bude ido don amfanin mazauna da ke cikin aikin yawon bude hankali a yankin hekta 3. Ci gaban ya kai kimanin dirhams miliyan 4.18, bisa ga ka'idodin gine-ginen kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya haɗa da farashin gyaran hanyoyin da ke kaiwa tafkin. Wannan ci gaban ya haɗa da shirya hanyoyi da kuma gina rukunin shaguna a cikin alfarwan katako na Amazigh. Tafkin Aguelmam Azegza yana karbar bakuncin gasar kasa da kasa ta shekara-shekara ta "Ice Swim Morocco", wani taron yin iyo na ruwan sanyi na kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a lokacin hunturu a Tafkin Agualmam Azegz. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Cedrus_libani_subsp._atlantica_in_Aguelmam_Azegza_commune,_Morocco.jpg”.jpg Fayil:Agelmam_Azagza.jpg Fayil:Aguelmam_Azegza_lake.jpg Fayil:Lac_aguelmam_azegza,KHENIFRA.jpg Fayil:Parc_national_Aguelmam_Azegza,_Khenifra.jpg Fayil:Aglmam_Azegza_khenifra.JPG Fayil:Aguelmam_Azegza.jpg Fayil:Pormoenneuses_dos_d'_moulet_ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ_ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == 7we7cll69r2942ji9yild7cisge0re7 0 152668 841329 2026-05-28T09:34:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1287800477|Lake Dayet Iffer]]" 841329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Iffer''' (Larabci: Dayet Iffer) tafki ne na halitta na ƙasar Morocco wanda ke cikin al'ummar {{Interlanguage link|ضاية_عوا|ar}} a Lardin Ifrane . Tana kan hanyar tafkunan yawon bude ido ta [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]], {{Convert|35|km|mi}} daga Ifrane da {{Convert|22|km|mi}} from Imouzzer Kandar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مواصلة تجهيز الطرق بإقليم إفران |trans-title=Continuing to equip roads in Ifrane Province |url=https://www.alahdat.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501092606/https://www.alahdat.net/الأحداث-المحلية/مواصلة-تجهيز-الطرق-القروية-بإقليم-إفر/ |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan "Iffer" ya fito ne daga kalmar yaren Berber wanda ke nufin ''ɓoye'' saboda ɓoyayyen wurin tafkin tsakanin duwatsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ضاية إيفر البحيرة المختبئة |trans-title=Lake Iffer, the hidden lake |url=https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%A9/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062653/https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/صورة-اليوم-ضاية-إيفر-البحيرة-المختبئة |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana da siffar rabin zagaye, tare da diamita na mita 300, wanda ke da tsawo na mita 1520 kuma yana da zurfin mita 6. Tare da yanki na hekta 3.5 shine mafi ƙanƙanta tafkin halitta a cikin Atlas na Tsakiya, kuma ana nuna shi da yanayin zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=معالم التراث الطبيعي والتراث الحضاري بالمغرب |trans-title=Landmarks of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Morocco |url=http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722002353/http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html |archive-date=2020-07-22 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Écotourisme: Iffer et Afourgah, les lacs méconnus du Moyen Atlas |trans-title=Ecotourism: Iffer and Afourgah, the little-known lakes of the Middle Atlas |url=http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501084308/http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Da yake a cikin Takeltont Forest Reserve, Tafkin Iffer yana kewaye da tsire-tsire daban-daban waɗanda suka ƙunshi itacen oak, Aleppo pine da juniper. Tafkin gida ne ga tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa kuma an sanya shi wuri mai laushi ta Asusun Duniya don Halitta (WWF). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Nau'in kifi da yawa ciki har da crucian carp suna zaune a tafkin, yayin da lilies na ruwa ke bunƙasa a cikin ruwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=قرار صادر بتنظيم الصيد في المياه القارية وتحديد الفترات التي يمنع فيها صيد السمك وكذا الأماكن المحتفظ فيها بحق الصيد خلال موسم 2020-2021 |trans-title=Decree regulating fishing in continental waters and specifying the periods during which fishing is prohibited as well as the places where the right to fish is reserved during the 2020-2021 season |url=http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/SiteAssets/AccueilAR/SitePages/Pisciculture/Arrêté_annuel_pêche_2020-2021_ar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062623/http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/SiteAssets/AccueilAR/SitePages/Pisciculture/Arrêté_annuel_pêche_2020-2021_ar.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Hoton hoto == <gallery> Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer_3.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer_2.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_Lake_Iffer.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_Lake_Iffer_2.jpg Fayil:Lake_Iffer_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Lake_Iffer,_Dayet_Awa_commune,_Ifrane_province_01.jpg </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Dayet Hachlaf * Tafkin Dayet Ifrah * Akalamm Abkhane == Manazarta == hnueo5zbuus62vmr0lj20txorqoppft 841330 841329 2026-05-28T09:35:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 841330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Iffer''' (Larabci: Dayet Iffer) tafki ne na halitta na ƙasar Morocco wanda ke cikin al'ummar {{Interlanguage link|ضاية_عوا|ar}} a Lardin Ifrane . Tana kan hanyar tafkunan yawon bude ido ta [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]], {{Convert|35|km|mi}} daga Ifrane da {{Convert|22|km|mi}} from Imouzzer Kandar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مواصلة تجهيز الطرق بإقليم إفران |trans-title=Continuing to equip roads in Ifrane Province |url=https://www.alahdat.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501092606/https://www.alahdat.net/الأحداث-المحلية/مواصلة-تجهيز-الطرق-القروية-بإقليم-إفر/ |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan "Iffer" ya fito ne daga kalmar yaren Berber wanda ke nufin ''ɓoye'' saboda ɓoyayyen wurin tafkin tsakanin duwatsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ضاية إيفر البحيرة المختبئة |trans-title=Lake Iffer, the hidden lake |url=https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%A9/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062653/https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/صورة-اليوم-ضاية-إيفر-البحيرة-المختبئة |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana da siffar rabin zagaye, tare da diamita na mita 300, wanda ke da tsawo na mita 1520 kuma yana da zurfin mita 6. Tare da yanki na hekta 3.5 shine mafi ƙanƙanta tafkin halitta a cikin Atlas na Tsakiya, kuma ana nuna shi da yanayin zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=معالم التراث الطبيعي والتراث الحضاري بالمغرب |trans-title=Landmarks of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Morocco |url=http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722002353/http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html |archive-date=2020-07-22 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Écotourisme: Iffer et Afourgah, les lacs méconnus du Moyen Atlas |trans-title=Ecotourism: Iffer and Afourgah, the little-known lakes of the Middle Atlas |url=http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501084308/http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Da yake a cikin Takeltont Forest Reserve, Tafkin Iffer yana kewaye da tsire-tsire daban-daban waɗanda suka ƙunshi itacen oak, Aleppo pine da juniper. Tafkin gida ne ga tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa kuma an sanya shi wuri mai laushi ta Asusun Duniya don Halitta (WWF). [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Nau'in kifi da yawa ciki har da crucian carp suna zaune a tafkin, yayin da lilies na ruwa ke bunƙasa a cikin ruwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=قرار صادر بتنظيم الصيد في المياه القارية وتحديد الفترات التي يمنع فيها صيد السمك وكذا الأماكن المحتفظ فيها بحق الصيد خلال موسم 2020-2021 |trans-title=Decree regulating fishing in continental waters and specifying the periods during which fishing is prohibited as well as the places where the right to fish is reserved during the 2020-2021 season |url=http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/SiteAssets/AccueilAR/SitePages/Pisciculture/Arrêté_annuel_pêche_2020-2021_ar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062623/http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/SiteAssets/AccueilAR/SitePages/Pisciculture/Arrêté_annuel_pêche_2020-2021_ar.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-01 |language=ar}}</ref> == Hoton hoto == <gallery> Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer_3.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer_2.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_lake_Iffer.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_Lake_Iffer.jpg Fayil:Nymphaea_alba_from_Lake_Iffer_2.jpg Fayil:Lake_Iffer_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Lake_Iffer,_Dayet_Awa_commune,_Ifrane_province_01.jpg </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Dayet Hachlaf * Tafkin Dayet Ifrah * Akalamm Abkhane == Manazarta == 7x2gcpkaiqljwinjh1ukt4sb3pzxovl 0 152669 841332 2026-05-28T09:36:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353323247|Lake Dayet Ifrah]]" 841332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ifrah''' (Arabic) tafki ne a cikin al'ummar {{Convert|8|m}} a Lardin Ifrane . Tana tare da hanyar yawon bude ido ta tsakiya ta Atlas wanda ke ratsa wasu tabkuna da yawa na yanki. Tafkin ya rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 250 kuma yana fuskantar sauye-sauye masu ban sha'awa a cikin girmansa dangane da shekara da kakar. Matsakaicin zurfinsa ya kai 8 . Wannan tafkin galibi ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, runoff na ƙasa, da dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=إفران.. إحصاء طيور الماء بضاية إفراح وأكلمام نتيفوناسين وضاية أفينورير |trans-title=Ifrane.. Waterfowl census in Lake Ifrah, Lake Tifounassine and Lake Afnourir |url=http://sefroupress.com/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%83/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225151311/http://sefroupress.com/إفران-إحصاء-طيور-الماء-بضاية-إفراح-وأك/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=بحيرات بالأطلس المتوسط في طريقها إلى الاختفاء |trans-title=Lakes in the Middle Atlas are on the verge of disappearing |url=https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503015231/https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/بحيرات-بالأطلس-المتوسط-في-طريقها.html |archive-date=2021-05-03 |language=ar}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px" style="text-align:left"> Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_5.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_3.jpg Fayil:Lake_Dayet_Ifrah.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Road_sign_to_Taghilast_from_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_2.jpg </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Dajin Al-Maamora * Akalamm Abkhane * Chott Tinsilt * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun * Tafkin Zerrouka == Manazarta == 7n48k6xt2k19btygti5c55235zrwxyh 841333 841332 2026-05-28T09:36:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353323247|Lake Dayet Ifrah]]" 841333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ifrah''' (Arabic) tafki ne a cikin al'ummar a Lardin Ifrane . Tana tare da hanyar yawon bude ido ta tsakiya ta Atlas wanda ke ratsa wasu tabkuna da yawa na yanki. Tafkin ya rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 250 kuma yana fuskantar sauye-sauye masu ban sha'awa a cikin girmansa dangane da shekara da kakar. Matsakaicin zurfinsa ya kai 8 . Wannan tafkin galibi ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, runoff na ƙasa, da dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=إفران.. إحصاء طيور الماء بضاية إفراح وأكلمام نتيفوناسين وضاية أفينورير |trans-title=Ifrane.. Waterfowl census in Lake Ifrah, Lake Tifounassine and Lake Afnourir |url=http://sefroupress.com/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%83/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225151311/http://sefroupress.com/إفران-إحصاء-طيور-الماء-بضاية-إفراح-وأك/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=بحيرات بالأطلس المتوسط في طريقها إلى الاختفاء |trans-title=Lakes in the Middle Atlas are on the verge of disappearing |url=https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503015231/https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/بحيرات-بالأطلس-المتوسط-في-طريقها.html |archive-date=2021-05-03 |language=ar}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px" style="text-align:left"> Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_5.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_3.jpg Fayil:Lake_Dayet_Ifrah.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Road_sign_to_Taghilast_from_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_2.jpg </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Dajin Al-Maamora * Akalamm Abkhane * Chott Tinsilt * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun * Tafkin Zerrouka == Manazarta == 1oi4vfg09fdjexdebolc5bzo596pxtc 841334 841333 2026-05-28T09:36:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 841334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ifrah''' (Arabic) tafki ne a cikin al'ummar a Lardin Ifrane . Tana tare da hanyar yawon bude ido ta tsakiya ta Atlas wanda ke ratsa wasu tabkuna da yawa na yanki. Tafkin ya rufe yanki na kimanin hekta 250 kuma yana fuskantar sauye-sauye masu ban sha'awa a cikin girmansa dangane da shekara da kakar. Matsakaicin zurfinsa ya kai 8 . Wannan tafkin galibi ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar ruwa na ƙasa, runoff na ƙasa, da dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=إفران.. إحصاء طيور الماء بضاية إفراح وأكلمام نتيفوناسين وضاية أفينورير |trans-title=Ifrane.. Waterfowl census in Lake Ifrah, Lake Tifounassine and Lake Afnourir |url=http://sefroupress.com/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%83/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225151311/http://sefroupress.com/إفران-إحصاء-طيور-الماء-بضاية-إفراح-وأك/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=بحيرات بالأطلس المتوسط في طريقها إلى الاختفاء |trans-title=Lakes in the Middle Atlas are on the verge of disappearing |url=https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503015231/https://www.yabiladi.ma/articles/details/98672/بحيرات-بالأطلس-المتوسط-في-طريقها.html |archive-date=2021-05-03 |language=ar}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px" style="text-align:left"> Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_5.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_4.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_3.jpg Fayil:Lake_Dayet_Ifrah.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Road_sign_to_Taghilast_from_Dayet_Aoua_commune.jpg Fayil:Ait_Daoud_Ou_Moussa_Dayet_Aoua_commune_2.jpg </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Dajin Al-Maamora * Akalamm Abkhane * Chott Tinsilt * Sabkha Zamoul * Dajin Ben Aknoun * Tafkin Zerrouka == Manazarta == 0assuga5xf1cprr0g9csea45m4l54lr 0 152670 841335 2026-05-28T09:39:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350803812|Lake Ifni]]" 841335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ifni''' (Arabic:Dayet Ifni) tafki ne mai kore wanda ke cikin ƙasa na Toubkal National Park, a cikin Toubkal na Maroko (commune), mai zurfi a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Atlas, tare da yanayi na nahiyar, kuma kai tsaye an yi watsi da shi ta saman mafi girma a [[Arewacin Afirka]], wanda shine taron kolin Dutsen Toubkal . Tafkin ya bambanta da gangaren da ke da tsawo, wurin da yake a ƙarshen kwarin, zurfinsa, da tsawo sama da matakin teku, wanda ke da kimanin mita 2,500. Saboda haka yana daya daga cikin tabkuna mafi girma a duniya. Yankin yana da kimanin hekta 26, an kiyasta tsawonsa a mita 870, kuma faɗin sa kusan mita 490. tare da fitarwa na mita 300 a kowace dakika, da zurfin da ya wuce mita 30.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-26 |title=Ifni lake - Toubkal national park |url=https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/en/ifni-lake-toubkal-massif/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Explore Agadir Souss Massa |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-11-04 |title=Toubkal Circuit Via Lake Ifni & High Atlas Mountains (6 Days) {{!}} Trekking In Morocco – Holidays In The High Atlas Mountains |url=https://atlas-mountain-trekking.com/toubkal-circuit-via-lake-ifni-high-atlas-mountains-6-days/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yanayin Yanayi == Tarihin ilimin ƙasa na yankin ya samo asali ne daga lokacin farko na ilimin ƙasa, fiye da shekaru miliyan 245 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=التاريخ الجيولوجي |url=https://earth104.tripod.com/geo%20content.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=earth104.tripod.com}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Ifni yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Toubkal, a yammacin Great View, musamman a yankin yankin Toubkal al'umma, lardin Taroudant, yankin Souss-Massa, kusa da zagaye na Amsousart . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-03 |title=بحيرة إفني - جبل توبقال - Explore Agadir Souss Massa |url=https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903091316/https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ |archive-date=2022-09-03 |access-date=2024-05-18}}</ref> Tafkin Ifni yana a ƙarshen kwarin da aka rufe, a cikin wani yanki mai tsaunuka wanda aka kafa shi sama da shekaru miliyan 245. An kewaye shi da gangara masu tsawo a kowane bangare, sai dai yamma, daga inda yake buɗewa zuwa kwarin ta hanyar babban wuri da aka yi da duwatsu da duwatsu, kuma mafi girman tudu a Arewacin Afirka, wanda shine taron Dutsen Toubkal, mita 4167, ban da taron Ouanokarim da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climbing to Toubkal (4167 m) through Lake Ifni |url=https://extremetour.pro/en/climb-mt-toubkal-lake-ifni |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=extremetour.pro}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Ifni.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Ifni daga sama]] == Yanayi == Tafkin yana da yanayi na nahiyar, tare da mafi girman zafin jiki ya kai digiri 45 a lokacin rani, kuma a ƙasa da sifili a lokacin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da ruwan tafkin ya daskare. == Yawan jama'a == Tafkin Ifni an dauke shi madatsar ruwa ce ta halitta wacce mazauna ke amfani da ita don ayyukan noma. Fiye da ƙauyuka goma a yankin suna amfana daga ruwan Tafkin Ifni, Tun da yake ƙasar yankin tana da wahala, ana gudanar da amfanin gona a kan gangaren a cikin nau'ikan gonaki. Mazaunan waɗannan yankuna ana ɗaukar su daga kabilun Berber na Atlantic ne. Harshen da ya fi dacewa a yankin shine [[Abzinanci|Amazigh]] . Baya ga aikin gona, mazauna sun dogara da kiwo a matsayin tushen samun kudin shiga don Rayuwa, musamman awaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CLIMATE VARIABILITY, DROUGHT, AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/353801538414553978/pdf/130404-WP-P159851-Morocco-WEB.pdf}}</ref> == Yawon shakatawa == Tafkin wuri ne da aka fi so ga masu sha'awar wasanni na dutse a cikin ƙasa da na duniya. Duk da yanayin da yake da wahala, ba duk ana amfani da shi don kiwon dabbobi ba. Yankin yammacin tafkin yana da fili kuma yana dauke da ƙananan gine-gine don amfani da masu yawon bude ido. Mutane da yawa kuma suna son sansani da nishaɗi. An gina hanya ta ƙauyen Imsuzart wanda ke bawa masu yawon bude ido damar isa bakin rairayin bakin teku ta mota. Wannan tafkin kuma ana daukar shi a matsayin tsayawa don hawa Toubkal Peak daga gefen gabas, kuma kasancewarsa tana farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin ga mazauna, musamman a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coming Together for Lake Ifni — High Atlas Foundation |url=https://highatlasfoundation.org/en/insights/coming-together-for-lake-ifni |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=highatlasfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ifni - Toubkal Summit {{!}} TrekAtlas.com |url=https://trekatlas.com/treks/toubkal-region/lake-ifni-toubkal-summit |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=trekatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=صادق |first=نسرين |date=2021-01-11 |title="قافلة شتاء" تدفيء 144 طفلاً بقرية امسوزارت |url=https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2021/01/11/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A1-144-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=أخبار الآن |language=ar}}</ref> Yin iyo a cikin Tafkin Ifni yana da wahala kuma yana da haɗari. Wannan yanki ya ga mutane da yawa da suka nitse, musamman tsakanin masu yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-23 |title=تارودانت .. "بحيرة الموت" تخطف روح شاب في العشرينيات من عمره – العمق المغربي |url=https://al3omk.com/668681.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923054238/https://al3omk.com/668681.html |archive-date=2021-09-23 |access-date=2024-05-29}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsaunukan High Atlas sun ja hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa waɗanda a lokuta da yawa suna hawa Dutsen Tubqal kuma suna ziyartar tafkin. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu kamfanoni da ke ba da ziyarar tafkin kawai, a cikin aikin kwana biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alto Atlas Página 1 SENDEROS DEL ALTO ATLAS |url=https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/datasheets-alventus/datasheets/2017-03-28-19-46-22-1297-VE-017%20MARRUECOS%20TREK%20ATLAS.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == pc0il83ohwa5mk56p6nk4p9xihmrmy3 841336 841335 2026-05-28T09:39:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 841336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ifni''' (Arabic:Dayet Ifni) tafki ne mai kore wanda ke cikin ƙasa na Toubkal National Park, a cikin Toubkal na Maroko (commune), mai zurfi a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan Atlas, tare da yanayi na nahiyar, kuma kai tsaye an yi watsi da shi ta saman mafi girma a [[Arewacin Afirka]], wanda shine taron kolin Dutsen Toubkal . Tafkin ya bambanta da gangaren da ke da tsawo, wurin da yake a ƙarshen kwarin, zurfinsa, da tsawo sama da matakin teku, wanda ke da kimanin mita 2,500. Saboda haka yana daya daga cikin tabkuna mafi girma a duniya. Yankin yana da kimanin hekta 26, an kiyasta tsawonsa a mita 870, kuma faɗin sa kusan mita 490. tare da fitarwa na mita 300 a kowace dakika, da zurfin da ya wuce mita 30.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-26 |title=Ifni lake - Toubkal national park |url=https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/en/ifni-lake-toubkal-massif/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Explore Agadir Souss Massa |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-11-04 |title=Toubkal Circuit Via Lake Ifni & High Atlas Mountains (6 Days) {{!}} Trekking In Morocco – Holidays In The High Atlas Mountains |url=https://atlas-mountain-trekking.com/toubkal-circuit-via-lake-ifni-high-atlas-mountains-6-days/ |access-date=2024-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yanayin Yanayi == Tarihin ilimin ƙasa na yankin ya samo asali ne daga lokacin farko na ilimin ƙasa, fiye da shekaru miliyan 245 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=التاريخ الجيولوجي |url=https://earth104.tripod.com/geo%20content.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=earth104.tripod.com}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Tafkin Ifni yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Toubkal, a yammacin Great View, musamman a yankin yankin Toubkal al'umma, lardin Taroudant, yankin Souss-Massa, kusa da zagaye na Amsousart . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-03 |title=بحيرة إفني - جبل توبقال - Explore Agadir Souss Massa |url=https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903091316/https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ |archive-date=2022-09-03 |access-date=2024-05-18}}</ref> Tafkin Ifni yana a ƙarshen kwarin da aka rufe, a cikin wani yanki mai tsaunuka wanda aka kafa shi sama da shekaru miliyan 245. An kewaye shi da gangara masu tsawo a kowane bangare, sai dai yamma, daga inda yake buɗewa zuwa kwarin ta hanyar babban wuri da aka yi da duwatsu da duwatsu, kuma mafi girman tudu a Arewacin Afirka, wanda shine taron Dutsen Toubkal, mita 4167, ban da taron Ouanokarim da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climbing to Toubkal (4167 m) through Lake Ifni |url=https://extremetour.pro/en/climb-mt-toubkal-lake-ifni |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=extremetour.pro}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Ifni.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Ifni daga sama]] == Yanayi == Tafkin yana da yanayi na nahiyar, tare da mafi girman zafin jiki ya kai digiri 45 a lokacin rani, kuma a ƙasa da sifili a lokacin hunturu, wanda ke haifar da ruwan tafkin ya daskare. == Yawan jama'a == Tafkin Ifni an dauke shi madatsar ruwa ce ta halitta wacce mazauna ke amfani da ita don ayyukan noma. Fiye da ƙauyuka goma a yankin suna amfana daga ruwan Tafkin Ifni, Tun da yake ƙasar yankin tana da wahala, ana gudanar da amfanin gona a kan gangaren a cikin nau'ikan gonaki. Mazaunan waɗannan yankuna ana ɗaukar su daga kabilun Berber na Atlantic ne. Harshen da ya fi dacewa a yankin shine [[Abzinanci|Amazigh]] . Baya ga aikin gona, mazauna sun dogara da kiwo a matsayin tushen samun kudin shiga don Rayuwa, musamman awaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CLIMATE VARIABILITY, DROUGHT, AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/353801538414553978/pdf/130404-WP-P159851-Morocco-WEB.pdf}}</ref> == Yawon shakatawa == Tafkin wuri ne da aka fi so ga masu sha'awar wasanni na dutse a cikin ƙasa da na duniya. Duk da yanayin da yake da wahala, ba duk ana amfani da shi don kiwon dabbobi ba. Yankin yammacin tafkin yana da fili kuma yana dauke da ƙananan gine-gine don amfani da masu yawon bude ido. Mutane da yawa kuma suna son sansani da nishaɗi. An gina hanya ta ƙauyen Imsuzart wanda ke bawa masu yawon bude ido damar isa bakin rairayin bakin teku ta mota. Wannan tafkin kuma ana daukar shi a matsayin tsayawa don hawa Toubkal Peak daga gefen gabas, kuma kasancewarsa tana farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin ga mazauna, musamman a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coming Together for Lake Ifni — High Atlas Foundation |url=https://highatlasfoundation.org/en/insights/coming-together-for-lake-ifni |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=highatlasfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ifni - Toubkal Summit {{!}} TrekAtlas.com |url=https://trekatlas.com/treks/toubkal-region/lake-ifni-toubkal-summit |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=trekatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=صادق |first=نسرين |date=2021-01-11 |title="قافلة شتاء" تدفيء 144 طفلاً بقرية امسوزارت |url=https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2021/01/11/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A1-144-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=أخبار الآن |language=ar}}</ref> Yin iyo a cikin Tafkin Ifni yana da wahala kuma yana da haɗari. Wannan yanki ya ga mutane da yawa da suka nitse, musamman tsakanin masu yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-23 |title=تارودانت .. "بحيرة الموت" تخطف روح شاب في العشرينيات من عمره – العمق المغربي |url=https://al3omk.com/668681.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923054238/https://al3omk.com/668681.html |archive-date=2021-09-23 |access-date=2024-05-29}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsaunukan High Atlas sun ja hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa waɗanda a lokuta da yawa suna hawa Dutsen Tubqal kuma suna ziyartar tafkin. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu kamfanoni da ke ba da ziyarar tafkin kawai, a cikin aikin kwana biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alto Atlas Página 1 SENDEROS DEL ALTO ATLAS |url=https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/datasheets-alventus/datasheets/2017-03-28-19-46-22-1297-VE-017%20MARRUECOS%20TREK%20ATLAS.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == ccx4bvcc6ceabajtbh0tvfa82uhh1qj 0 152671 841337 2026-05-28T09:41:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343381110|Lake Zerrouka]]" 841337 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_697.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_Lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_and_Salix_×_sepulcralis_from_Zerrouka_lake,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_967.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_in_Zerrouka_Lake_Morocco_6.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_-_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_Advertising.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_667.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source.jpg Fayil:Duck_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Rouen_duck_and_Fulica_cristata_from_Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg </gallery>'''Tafkin Zerrouka''' tafkin Maroko ne wanda ke cikin iyakokin garin Tizguite Lardin Ifrane, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|1|km}} (0.62 daga Ifrane . Tafkin sanannen wuri ne ga masu yawon bude ido daga garuruwa daban-daban na Maroko, suna ba da damar yin nishaɗi da kamun kifi. Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu daban-daban, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin Tafkin Zerrouka 1 da Tafkin Zerreuka 2. Tafkin kuma mazauni ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, masu ƙaura da mazauna, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=بحيرة زروقة.. بعيدا عن ضوضاء وحر المدينة |url=https://snrtnews.com/article/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9 |website=SNRT News |language=ar}}</ref> gami da kurciya ta dutse, kurciya mai ƙwanƙwasawa ta Eurasian, Sandpiper na yau da kullun, Little egret, Grey heron, Gadwall, Common pochard, Great crested grebe. Bugu da ƙari, Tafkin Zerrouka gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi daban-daban, kamar carp, kwaya ta yau da kullun, pike, da rainbow trout.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadari |first=Issam El |date=17 May 2022 |title=إفران.. جوهرة جبال الأطلس المتوسط الساحرة |url=https://ledesk.ma/arabia/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD/ |website=Le Desk |language=ar}}</ref> Saboda bambancin halittu na tafkin, an dauke shi yanki mai kariya, kodayake tun daga 2023 ya kasance mai karɓar bakuncin nau'in ''Ferrissia californica''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University |last2=Mabrouki |first2=Youness |last3=Glöer |first3=Peter |last4=Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Germany |last5=Taybi |first5=Abdelkhaleq F. |last6=Mohammed First University |date=2023 |title=The first record of the North American freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco |url=http://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/398 |journal=Nature Conservation Research |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.24189/ncr.2023.004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Welcome_Board_of_Lake_Zerrouka.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Zerouka]] == Yanayin Muhalli == Tafkin Zerrouka yana da tsawo na {{Cvt|1,600|m}} m (5,200 tare da matsakaicin zurfin {{Cvt|1.5|m}} ft 11 in) da kuma yanki na {{Cvt|3.5|ha}} . == Hoton hoto == <gallery> Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_697.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_Lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_and_Salix_×_sepulcralis_from_Zerrouka_lake,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_967.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_in_Zerrouka_Lake_Morocco_6.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_-_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_Advertising.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_667.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source.jpg Fayil:Duck_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Rouen_duck_and_Fulica_cristata_from_Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Maroko]] ffqf7zj0hpmax7va6pcw0uynjagk7dq 841338 841337 2026-05-28T09:42:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 841338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Zerrouka''' tafkin Maroko ne wanda ke cikin iyakokin garin Tizguite Lardin Ifrane, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|1|km}} (0.62 daga Ifrane . Tafkin sanannen wuri ne ga masu yawon bude ido daga garuruwa daban-daban na Maroko, suna ba da damar yin nishaɗi da kamun kifi. Tafkin ya kasu kashi biyu daban-daban, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin Tafkin Zerrouka 1 da Tafkin Zerreuka 2. Tafkin kuma mazauni ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, masu ƙaura da mazauna, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=بحيرة زروقة.. بعيدا عن ضوضاء وحر المدينة |url=https://snrtnews.com/article/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9 |website=SNRT News |language=ar}}</ref> gami da kurciya ta dutse, kurciya mai ƙwanƙwasawa ta Eurasian, Sandpiper na yau da kullun, Little egret, Grey heron, Gadwall, Common pochard, Great crested grebe. Bugu da ƙari, Tafkin Zerrouka gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi daban-daban, kamar carp, kwaya ta yau da kullun, pike, da rainbow trout.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadari |first=Issam El |date=17 May 2022 |title=إفران.. جوهرة جبال الأطلس المتوسط الساحرة |url=https://ledesk.ma/arabia/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD/ |website=Le Desk |language=ar}}</ref> Saboda bambancin halittu na tafkin, an dauke shi yanki mai kariya, kodayake tun daga 2023 ya kasance mai karɓar bakuncin nau'in ''Ferrissia californica''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University |last2=Mabrouki |first2=Youness |last3=Glöer |first3=Peter |last4=Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Germany |last5=Taybi |first5=Abdelkhaleq F. |last6=Mohammed First University |date=2023 |title=The first record of the North American freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco |url=http://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/398 |journal=Nature Conservation Research |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.24189/ncr.2023.004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Welcome_Board_of_Lake_Zerrouka.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Zerouka]] == Yanayin Muhalli == Tafkin Zerrouka yana da tsawo na {{Cvt|1,600|m}} m (5,200 tare da matsakaicin zurfin {{Cvt|1.5|m}} ft 11 in) da kuma yanki na {{Cvt|3.5|ha}} . == Hoton hoto == <gallery> Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_697.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_Lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_and_Salix_×_sepulcralis_from_Zerrouka_lake,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_967.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_in_Zerrouka_Lake_Morocco_6.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_67_-_Al_Akhawayn_University.jpg Fayil:Populus_nigra_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_Advertising.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco_667.jpg Fayil:Ain_Zerrouka_water_source.jpg Fayil:Duck_from_lake_Zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg Fayil:Rouen_duck_and_Fulica_cristata_from_Lake_zerrouka,_Morocco.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Maroko]] all5ikzr7zkkkn9amkvp6ee7cmku3zs 0 152672 841340 2026-05-28T09:44:27Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345543168|Prince Nico Mbarga]]" 841340 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|website=}}'''Nico Mbarga''' (1 ga Janairu 1950 – 23 ga Yuni 1997),<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Prince Nico Mbarga'''</nowiki>, fitaccen mawaƙin Highlife ne ɗan asalin Kamaru da Najeriya. An haife shi ne ga mahaifiya ’yar Najeriya daga yankin Mbembe na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Obubra]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}</ref> da mahaifi ɗan Kamaru a garin Abakaliki da ke [[Najeriya]]. Ya shahara musamman saboda waƙarsa mai suna “Sweet Mother” wadda ya yi tare da ƙungiyarsa ta <nowiki>'''Rocafil Jazz'''</nowiki>. Ana kallon waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka fi sayuwa a tarihin mawakan Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=His Biggest Hit Sold More Copies Than Any of the Beatles'. So Why Haven't You Heard of Him? |url=https://narratively.com/his-biggest-hit-sold-more-copies-than-any-of-the-beatles-so-why-havent-you-heard-of-him/ |website=Narratively.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Mbarga ya taso ne a Ikom da ke Jihar Cross River tare da mahaifinsa ɗan Kamaru wanda yake sana’ar sare itatuwa, da kuma mahaifiyarsa ’yar Najeriya mai aikin noma. Yawancin lokacinsa yana shafe shi ne wajen kamun kifi a bakin kogi. Tun yana ƙarami, mahaifinsa ne ba tare da niyya ba ya haifar masa da sha’awar kiɗan Highlife lokacin da ya kawo wata tsohuwar rediyon Philips gida. Mbarga ya kamu da son waƙar “Taxi Driver” ta Bobby Benson.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Daga wannan lokaci ne kiɗan Highlife ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarsa. Yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci yana sauraron rediyo tare da koyon salon kiɗan. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga zuriyar masu kaɗa 'xylophone', kuma shi ne ya koya masa amfani da kayan kiɗan. Wannan xylophone ɗin ƙaramin kayan kiɗa ne da ake kaɗawa da manyan yatsu. Sai dai Mbarga yana son samar da sautin da ya fi kama da kayan kiɗan yammacin duniya da ake amfani da su a Highlife, saboda haka ya ƙera nasa xylophone da kansa ta amfani da busassun bawon ayaba da itace.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa sakamakon wata rashin lafiya ta bazata, rayuwa ta yi musu tsauri. Mahaifiyarsa ta shiga cikin wahalar neman abin dogaro da kai. Domin taimaka wa iyalinsa, Mbarga ya fara rerawa a mashaya, kuma sau da yawa ba a biyansa kuɗi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya]] na shekarar 1967, Mbarga ya tsere zuwa Mamfe a Kamaru, yayin da mahaifiyarsa da ’yan’uwansa suka ci gaba da zama a Najeriya. A can ne ya haɗu da budurwarsa ta farko mai suna Lucy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A Mamfe ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kayan kiɗa ga wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa daga Kongo, inda aikinsa ya haɗa da ɗaukar kayan kiɗa zuwa wuraren wasanni a otal-otal. A wannan lokaci ne ya koyi kuma ya kamu da son kiɗan <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Congolese rumba<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wanda ya shahara da amfani da sautukan guitar masu daɗin ji. Saboda ƙudurin da yake da shi na koyon kiɗa, Mbarga ya koyar da kansa yadda ake kaɗa <nowiki>'''conga drum'''</nowiki>, bass da kuma salon kaɗa guitar na Kongo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan shekaru uku na yaƙi sun ƙare, Mbarga ya yanke shawarar komawa Najeriya domin fara sana’arsa ta kiɗa. Shi da Lucy sun yi yunƙurin tsallaka iyaka karo na farko amma aka kama su saboda rashin fasfo, aka tsare su a kurkuku na tsawon kwanaki uku. Daga baya suka samu nasarar shiga Najeriya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin daji a shekarar 1970. Sun isa garin Onitsha, wani babban birnin kasuwanci da ke bakin Kogin Neja.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Rayuwar kai == Mbarga ta auri Esame Mbarga kuma ta sami 'ya'ya 10; Nico, Descrow, Estelle, Slimphilz, Pauline, Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline. A shekara ta 2011, Pauline, daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa ya mutu bayan wani ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya wanda ya sa sauran yara tara. Daga cikin yaran Mbarga guda tara da suka tsira, Nico, Descrow, Estelle da Slimphilz ne kawai ke da hannu sosai a cikin kiɗa kuma suna aiki don inganta salon kiɗa na 'panco' na marigayi mahaifinsu. Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline an ce a halin yanzu suna yin kasuwanci ko aiki a fararen ma'aikata a hukumar ma'aikatan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-08 |title=‘Sweet Mother' crooner, Prince Nico Mbarga, immortalised in Calabar {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/254858-sweet-mother-crooner-prince-nico-mbarga-immortalised-calabar.html |access-date=2021-10-18 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Ya buga [[xylophone]], [[conga]], drums, bass guitar da guitar na lantarki. Ya fara wasa a cikin ƙungiyoyin makaranta kuma ya fara aikinsa na farko a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar otal, Melody Orchestra, a cikin 1970. <ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na farko === Kodayake ya rubuta wani muhimmin abu ne kawai, "Sweet Mother," a cikin 1976, wanda ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 13, Mbarga ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin halitta na shahararren kiɗa na Afirka.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da muryoyinsa masu rai da aka saita zuwa waƙoƙin haske na guitar dinsa, Mbarga ya kirkiro wani nau'i na musamman na wasan guitar na Najeriya da 'Yan Kongo da kuma inganta rhythms na rayuwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Rocafil Jazz bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], don yin wasan kwaikwayo a kai a kai a Otal din Plaza a gabashin birnin [[Onitsha]] na Najeriya.<ref name="AMG" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}</ref> Bayan da suka saki wani abin takaici a 1973, Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz sun sami nasarar farko tare da na biyu, "Ba Ni Ta Marry My Papa", wani yanki ne.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Rashin iyawar ƙungiyar ta wucewa ta cikin gida ya haifar da kwangilar rikodin su ta EMI, yanke shawara da ta zama mara kyau lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sanya hannu tare da Rogers All Stars, kamfanin rikodin Najeriya da ke Onitsha, kuma ta rubuta "Sweet Mother".<ref name="nicombarga">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria NigeriaExchange - Entertainment -> Profiles |url=https://www.ngex.com/entertainment/pages/nicombarga.htm |website=Ngex.com}}</ref> An rubuta shi a [[Pidgin]], "Sweet Mother" ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu siyarwa a tarihin kiɗa na Najeriya. A cikin shekaru shida da Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz suka kasance tare da Rogers All Stars, 1975 zuwa 1981, sun rubuta kundi tara.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> A kan maimaita yawon shakatawa zuwa Ingila a 1982, Mbarga ya zama sananne ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi na glam na shekarun 1970s.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Yayinda ya ci gaba da bayyana tare da Rocafil Jazz, Mbarga ya kuma yi tare da ƙungiyar Ivory Coasters da tsohuwar memba na Rocafil jazz, mai ba da labari na Kamaru Louisiana Tilda . <ref name="AMG" /> Duk da cewa Mbarga ya kaddamar da lakabin rikodin kansa na Polydor, a lokacin da ya dawo Najeriya, shi da mambobin Rocafil Jazz na asali sun rabu bayan wasu rashin jituwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Kodayake daga baya ya kafa New Rocafil Jazz Band, Mbarga ya kasa daidaita nasarar da ya samu na farko.<ref name="AMG" /> Bayan barin kiɗa, ya mayar da hankalinsa ga gudanar da otal din taurari huɗu da ya mallaka, Sweet Mother Hotel, <ref name="AMG" /> wanda ke cikin garin Ikom a Jihar Cross River Najeriya, 'yan mintoci kaɗan daga iyakar Kamaru-Nijeriya. == Mutuwa == Prince Nico Mbarga died on his way to Ikom to see his mother in a motorcycle accident on 23 June 1997 in Calabar while trying to buy spare parts for his car along the ever busy Mayne Avenue Road, leaving behind "Sweet Mother" as the most popular song among Nigerians. "Sweet Mother" is sometimes called "Africa's anthem" and has been voted Africa's favourite song by [[BBC]] readers and listeners. His mother died shortly after learning of his death.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMedia2025">Media, DailyHighlife (10 August 2025). [https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025"]. ''Dailyhighlife''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kundin studio === * ''Uwar Mai Kyau'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1976) * ''Rocafil Jazz 76'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1977) * ''Ilimi na kyauta a Najeriya'' (1977) * ''Motsi na Iyali'' (1978) * ''Rockafil Jazz & Nicholas Mbaraga'' (1978) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1978) * ''Kudin Kyau'' (1979) * ''Kwarewar 001'' (1979) * ''Aure mai sa'a!'' (1980) * ''Babu Mutuwa, Babu Hutu'' (1980) * ''Saƙon Kiɗa'' (1981) * ''Bari su ce'' (1982) * ''Ziyarar Paparoma'' (1982) * ''Chameleon'' (1984) * ''Tsarin Panco Juju'' (1986) * ''Iyali Mai Kyau'' (1987) * Allah Ɗaya kawai (1989) == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4137879.stm Uwar Mai Kyau ita ce taken Afirka] * [http://museke.com/node/880 Waƙoƙin Uwa Mai Kyau] * [http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/afroscene-interview-with-prince-nico-mbarga/ "Radio Netherlands ganawa da Yarima Nico Mbarga", Rediyon Netherlands Archives] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fxv0fjoiqf9g65jcl56e69s6jkh1qcv 841344 841340 2026-05-28T09:45:34Z Al husuna 36457 841344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|website=}}'''Nico Mbarga''' (1 ga Janairu 1950 – 23 ga Yuni 1997),<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Prince Nico Mbarga'''</nowiki>, fitaccen mawaƙin Highlife ne ɗan asalin Kamaru da Najeriya. An haife shi ne ga mahaifiya ’yar Najeriya daga yankin Mbembe na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Obubra]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}</ref> da mahaifi ɗan Kamaru a garin Abakaliki da ke [[Najeriya]]. Ya shahara musamman saboda waƙarsa mai suna “Sweet Mother” wadda ya yi tare da ƙungiyarsa ta <nowiki>'''Rocafil Jazz'''</nowiki>. Ana kallon waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka fi sayuwa a tarihin mawakan Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=His Biggest Hit Sold More Copies Than Any of the Beatles'. So Why Haven't You Heard of Him? |url=https://narratively.com/his-biggest-hit-sold-more-copies-than-any-of-the-beatles-so-why-havent-you-heard-of-him/ |website=Narratively.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Mbarga ya taso ne a Ikom da ke Jihar Cross River tare da mahaifinsa ɗan Kamaru wanda yake sana’ar sare itatuwa, da kuma mahaifiyarsa ’yar Najeriya mai aikin noma. Yawancin lokacinsa yana shafe shi ne wajen kamun kifi a bakin kogi. Tun yana ƙarami, mahaifinsa ne ba tare da niyya ba ya haifar masa da sha’awar kiɗan Highlife lokacin da ya kawo wata tsohuwar rediyon Philips gida. Mbarga ya kamu da son waƙar “Taxi Driver” ta Bobby Benson.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Daga wannan lokaci ne kiɗan Highlife ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarsa. Yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci yana sauraron rediyo tare da koyon salon kiɗan. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga zuriyar masu kaɗa 'xylophone', kuma shi ne ya koya masa amfani da kayan kiɗan. Wannan xylophone ɗin ƙaramin kayan kiɗa ne da ake kaɗawa da manyan yatsu. Sai dai Mbarga yana son samar da sautin da ya fi kama da kayan kiɗan yammacin duniya da ake amfani da su a Highlife, saboda haka ya ƙera nasa xylophone da kansa ta amfani da busassun bawon ayaba da itace.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa sakamakon wata rashin lafiya ta bazata, rayuwa ta yi musu tsauri. Mahaifiyarsa ta shiga cikin wahalar neman abin dogaro da kai. Domin taimaka wa iyalinsa, Mbarga ya fara rerawa a mashaya, kuma sau da yawa ba a biyansa kuɗi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya]] na shekarar 1967, Mbarga ya tsere zuwa Mamfe a Kamaru, yayin da mahaifiyarsa da ’yan’uwansa suka ci gaba da zama a Najeriya. A can ne ya haɗu da budurwarsa ta farko mai suna Lucy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A Mamfe ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kayan kiɗa ga wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa daga Kongo, inda aikinsa ya haɗa da ɗaukar kayan kiɗa zuwa wuraren wasanni a otal-otal. A wannan lokaci ne ya koyi kuma ya kamu da son kiɗan <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Congolese rumba<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wanda ya shahara da amfani da sautukan guitar masu daɗin ji. Saboda ƙudurin da yake da shi na koyon kiɗa, Mbarga ya koyar da kansa yadda ake kaɗa <nowiki>'''conga drum'''</nowiki>, bass da kuma salon kaɗa guitar na Kongo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan shekaru uku na yaƙi sun ƙare, Mbarga ya yanke shawarar komawa Najeriya domin fara sana’arsa ta kiɗa. Shi da Lucy sun yi yunƙurin tsallaka iyaka karo na farko amma aka kama su saboda rashin fasfo, aka tsare su a kurkuku na tsawon kwanaki uku. Daga baya suka samu nasarar shiga Najeriya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin daji a shekarar 1970. Sun isa garin Onitsha, wani babban birnin kasuwanci da ke bakin Kogin Neja.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Rayuwar kai == Mbarga ta auri Esame Mbarga kuma ta sami 'ya'ya 10; Nico, Descrow, Estelle, Slimphilz, Pauline, Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline. A shekara ta 2011, Pauline, daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa ya mutu bayan wani ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya wanda ya sa sauran yara tara. Daga cikin yaran Mbarga guda tara da suka tsira, Nico, Descrow, Estelle da Slimphilz ne kawai ke da hannu sosai a cikin kiɗa kuma suna aiki don inganta salon kiɗa na 'panco' na marigayi mahaifinsu. Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline an ce a halin yanzu suna yin kasuwanci ko aiki a fararen ma'aikata a hukumar ma'aikatan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-08 |title=‘Sweet Mother' crooner, Prince Nico Mbarga, immortalised in Calabar {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/254858-sweet-mother-crooner-prince-nico-mbarga-immortalised-calabar.html |access-date=2021-10-18 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Ya buga [[xylophone]], [[conga]], drums, bass guitar da guitar na lantarki. Ya fara wasa a cikin ƙungiyoyin makaranta kuma ya fara aikinsa na farko a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar otal, Melody Orchestra, a cikin 1970. <ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na farko === Kodayake ya rubuta wani muhimmin abu ne kawai, "Sweet Mother," a cikin 1976, wanda ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 13, Mbarga ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin halitta na shahararren kiɗa na Afirka.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da muryoyinsa masu rai da aka saita zuwa waƙoƙin haske na guitar dinsa, Mbarga ya kirkiro wani nau'i na musamman na wasan guitar na Najeriya da 'Yan Kongo da kuma inganta rhythms na rayuwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Rocafil Jazz bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], don yin wasan kwaikwayo a kai a kai a Otal din Plaza a gabashin birnin [[Onitsha]] na Najeriya.<ref name="AMG" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}</ref> Bayan da suka saki wani abin takaici a 1973, Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz sun sami nasarar farko tare da na biyu, "Ba Ni Ta Marry My Papa", wani yanki ne.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Rashin iyawar ƙungiyar ta wucewa ta cikin gida ya haifar da kwangilar rikodin su ta EMI, yanke shawara da ta zama mara kyau lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sanya hannu tare da Rogers All Stars, kamfanin rikodin Najeriya da ke Onitsha, kuma ta rubuta "Sweet Mother".<ref name="nicombarga">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria NigeriaExchange - Entertainment -> Profiles |url=https://www.ngex.com/entertainment/pages/nicombarga.htm |website=Ngex.com}}</ref> An rubuta shi a [[Pidgin]], "Sweet Mother" ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu siyarwa a tarihin kiɗa na Najeriya. A cikin shekaru shida da Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz suka kasance tare da Rogers All Stars, 1975 zuwa 1981, sun rubuta kundi tara.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> A kan maimaita yawon shakatawa zuwa Ingila a 1982, Mbarga ya zama sananne ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi na glam na shekarun 1970s.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Yayinda ya ci gaba da bayyana tare da Rocafil Jazz, Mbarga ya kuma yi tare da ƙungiyar Ivory Coasters da tsohuwar memba na Rocafil jazz, mai ba da labari na Kamaru Louisiana Tilda . <ref name="AMG" /> Duk da cewa Mbarga ya kaddamar da lakabin rikodin kansa na Polydor, a lokacin da ya dawo Najeriya, shi da mambobin Rocafil Jazz na asali sun rabu bayan wasu rashin jituwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Kodayake daga baya ya kafa New Rocafil Jazz Band, Mbarga ya kasa daidaita nasarar da ya samu na farko.<ref name="AMG" /> Bayan barin kiɗa, ya mayar da hankalinsa ga gudanar da otal din taurari huɗu da ya mallaka, Sweet Mother Hotel, <ref name="AMG" /> wanda ke cikin garin Ikom a Jihar Cross River Najeriya, 'yan mintoci kaɗan daga iyakar Kamaru-Nijeriya. == Mutuwa == Prince Nico Mbarga died on his way to Ikom to see his mother in a motorcycle accident on 23 June 1997 in Calabar while trying to buy spare parts for his car along the ever busy Mayne Avenue Road, leaving behind "Sweet Mother" as the most popular song among Nigerians. "Sweet Mother" is sometimes called "Africa's anthem" and has been voted Africa's favourite song by [[BBC]] readers and listeners. His mother died shortly after learning of his death.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMedia2025">Media, DailyHighlife (10 August 2025). [https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025"]. ''Dailyhighlife''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kundin studio === * ''Uwar Mai Kyau'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1976) * ''Rocafil Jazz 76'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1977) * ''Ilimi na kyauta a Najeriya'' (1977) * ''Motsi na Iyali'' (1978) * ''Rockafil Jazz & Nicholas Mbaraga'' (1978) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1978) * ''Kudin Kyau'' (1979) * ''Kwarewar 001'' (1979) * ''Aure mai sa'a!'' (1980) * ''Babu Mutuwa, Babu Hutu'' (1980) * ''Saƙon Kiɗa'' (1981) * ''Bari su ce'' (1982) * ''Ziyarar Paparoma'' (1982) * ''Chameleon'' (1984) * ''Tsarin Panco Juju'' (1986) * ''Iyali Mai Kyau'' (1987) * Allah Ɗaya kawai (1989) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4137879.stm Uwar Mai Kyau ita ce taken Afirka] * [http://museke.com/node/880 Waƙoƙin Uwa Mai Kyau] * [http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/afroscene-interview-with-prince-nico-mbarga/ "Radio Netherlands ganawa da Yarima Nico Mbarga", Rediyon Netherlands Archives] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] enqyls9cjjp86dyohy5ucdi5yrlpswq 841348 841344 2026-05-28T09:46:49Z Al husuna 36457 841348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nico Mbarga''' (1 ga Janairu 1950 – 23 ga Yuni 1997),<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Prince Nico Mbarga'''</nowiki>, fitaccen mawaƙin Highlife ne ɗan asalin Kamaru da Najeriya. An haife shi ne ga mahaifiya ’yar Najeriya daga yankin Mbembe na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Obubra]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}</ref> da mahaifi ɗan Kamaru a garin Abakaliki da ke [[Najeriya]]. Ya shahara musamman saboda waƙarsa mai suna “Sweet Mother” wadda ya yi tare da ƙungiyarsa ta <nowiki>'''Rocafil Jazz'''</nowiki>. Ana kallon waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka fi sayuwa a tarihin mawakan Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=His Biggest Hit Sold More Copies Than Any of the Beatles'. So Why Haven't You Heard of Him? |url=https://narratively.com/his-biggest-hit-sold-more-copies-than-any-of-the-beatles-so-why-havent-you-heard-of-him/ |website=Narratively.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Mbarga ya taso ne a Ikom da ke Jihar Cross River tare da mahaifinsa ɗan Kamaru wanda yake sana’ar sare itatuwa, da kuma mahaifiyarsa ’yar Najeriya mai aikin noma. Yawancin lokacinsa yana shafe shi ne wajen kamun kifi a bakin kogi. Tun yana ƙarami, mahaifinsa ne ba tare da niyya ba ya haifar masa da sha’awar kiɗan Highlife lokacin da ya kawo wata tsohuwar rediyon Philips gida. Mbarga ya kamu da son waƙar “Taxi Driver” ta Bobby Benson.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Daga wannan lokaci ne kiɗan Highlife ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarsa. Yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci yana sauraron rediyo tare da koyon salon kiɗan. Mahaifinsa ya fito ne daga zuriyar masu kaɗa 'xylophone', kuma shi ne ya koya masa amfani da kayan kiɗan. Wannan xylophone ɗin ƙaramin kayan kiɗa ne da ake kaɗawa da manyan yatsu. Sai dai Mbarga yana son samar da sautin da ya fi kama da kayan kiɗan yammacin duniya da ake amfani da su a Highlife, saboda haka ya ƙera nasa xylophone da kansa ta amfani da busassun bawon ayaba da itace.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa sakamakon wata rashin lafiya ta bazata, rayuwa ta yi musu tsauri. Mahaifiyarsa ta shiga cikin wahalar neman abin dogaro da kai. Domin taimaka wa iyalinsa, Mbarga ya fara rerawa a mashaya, kuma sau da yawa ba a biyansa kuɗi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya]] na shekarar 1967, Mbarga ya tsere zuwa Mamfe a Kamaru, yayin da mahaifiyarsa da ’yan’uwansa suka ci gaba da zama a Najeriya. A can ne ya haɗu da budurwarsa ta farko mai suna Lucy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bridge |first=The Head |date=2024-03-07 |title=The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga |url=https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Head Bridge |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBridge2024">Bridge, The Head (7 March 2024). [https://theheadbridge.com/the-untold-tale-of-nigerian-music-icon-prince-nico-mbarga/ "The Untold Tale of Nigerian Music Icon: Prince Nico Mbarga"]. ''The Head Bridge''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A Mamfe ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kayan kiɗa ga wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa daga Kongo, inda aikinsa ya haɗa da ɗaukar kayan kiɗa zuwa wuraren wasanni a otal-otal. A wannan lokaci ne ya koyi kuma ya kamu da son kiɗan <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Congolese rumba<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wanda ya shahara da amfani da sautukan guitar masu daɗin ji. Saboda ƙudurin da yake da shi na koyon kiɗa, Mbarga ya koyar da kansa yadda ake kaɗa <nowiki>'''conga drum'''</nowiki>, bass da kuma salon kaɗa guitar na Kongo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan shekaru uku na yaƙi sun ƙare, Mbarga ya yanke shawarar komawa Najeriya domin fara sana’arsa ta kiɗa. Shi da Lucy sun yi yunƙurin tsallaka iyaka karo na farko amma aka kama su saboda rashin fasfo, aka tsare su a kurkuku na tsawon kwanaki uku. Daga baya suka samu nasarar shiga Najeriya ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin daji a shekarar 1970. Sun isa garin Onitsha, wani babban birnin kasuwanci da ke bakin Kogin Neja.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico’s ‘Sweet Mother’ Sold More Than Any Beatles’ Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET |url=https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sisterfromanotherplanet.com/prince-nicos-sweet-mother-sold-more-copies-than-any-beatles-songs-facts/ "Prince Nico's 'Sweet Mother' Sold More Than Any Beatles' Record – SISTER FROM ANOTHER PLANET"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Rayuwar kai == Mbarga ta auri Esame Mbarga kuma ta sami 'ya'ya 10; Nico, Descrow, Estelle, Slimphilz, Pauline, Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline. A shekara ta 2011, Pauline, daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa ya mutu bayan wani ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya wanda ya sa sauran yara tara. Daga cikin yaran Mbarga guda tara da suka tsira, Nico, Descrow, Estelle da Slimphilz ne kawai ke da hannu sosai a cikin kiɗa kuma suna aiki don inganta salon kiɗa na 'panco' na marigayi mahaifinsu. Joan, Lillian, Lucy, Lionel, da Nicoline an ce a halin yanzu suna yin kasuwanci ko aiki a fararen ma'aikata a hukumar ma'aikatan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-08 |title=‘Sweet Mother' crooner, Prince Nico Mbarga, immortalised in Calabar {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/254858-sweet-mother-crooner-prince-nico-mbarga-immortalised-calabar.html |access-date=2021-10-18 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Ya buga [[xylophone]], [[conga]], drums, bass guitar da guitar na lantarki. Ya fara wasa a cikin ƙungiyoyin makaranta kuma ya fara aikinsa na farko a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar otal, Melody Orchestra, a cikin 1970. <ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na farko === Kodayake ya rubuta wani muhimmin abu ne kawai, "Sweet Mother," a cikin 1976, wanda ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 13, Mbarga ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin halitta na shahararren kiɗa na Afirka.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Tare da muryoyinsa masu rai da aka saita zuwa waƙoƙin haske na guitar dinsa, Mbarga ya kirkiro wani nau'i na musamman na wasan guitar na Najeriya da 'Yan Kongo da kuma inganta rhythms na rayuwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Rocafil Jazz bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]], don yin wasan kwaikwayo a kai a kai a Otal din Plaza a gabashin birnin [[Onitsha]] na Najeriya.<ref name="AMG" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}</ref> Bayan da suka saki wani abin takaici a 1973, Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz sun sami nasarar farko tare da na biyu, "Ba Ni Ta Marry My Papa", wani yanki ne.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Rashin iyawar ƙungiyar ta wucewa ta cikin gida ya haifar da kwangilar rikodin su ta EMI, yanke shawara da ta zama mara kyau lokacin da ƙungiyar ta sanya hannu tare da Rogers All Stars, kamfanin rikodin Najeriya da ke Onitsha, kuma ta rubuta "Sweet Mother".<ref name="nicombarga">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria NigeriaExchange - Entertainment -> Profiles |url=https://www.ngex.com/entertainment/pages/nicombarga.htm |website=Ngex.com}}</ref> An rubuta shi a [[Pidgin]], "Sweet Mother" ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu siyarwa a tarihin kiɗa na Najeriya. A cikin shekaru shida da Mbarga da Rocafil Jazz suka kasance tare da Rogers All Stars, 1975 zuwa 1981, sun rubuta kundi tara.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> A kan maimaita yawon shakatawa zuwa Ingila a 1982, Mbarga ya zama sananne ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi na glam na shekarun 1970s.<ref name="AMG">{{Cite web |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography |access-date=28 September 2021 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/prince-nico-mbarga-mn0000362321/biography "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Songs, & Albums"]. ''[[AllMusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Yayinda ya ci gaba da bayyana tare da Rocafil Jazz, Mbarga ya kuma yi tare da ƙungiyar Ivory Coasters da tsohuwar memba na Rocafil jazz, mai ba da labari na Kamaru Louisiana Tilda . <ref name="AMG" /> Duk da cewa Mbarga ya kaddamar da lakabin rikodin kansa na Polydor, a lokacin da ya dawo Najeriya, shi da mambobin Rocafil Jazz na asali sun rabu bayan wasu rashin jituwa.<ref name="AMG" /> Kodayake daga baya ya kafa New Rocafil Jazz Band, Mbarga ya kasa daidaita nasarar da ya samu na farko.<ref name="AMG" /> Bayan barin kiɗa, ya mayar da hankalinsa ga gudanar da otal din taurari huɗu da ya mallaka, Sweet Mother Hotel, <ref name="AMG" /> wanda ke cikin garin Ikom a Jihar Cross River Najeriya, 'yan mintoci kaɗan daga iyakar Kamaru-Nijeriya. == Mutuwa == Prince Nico Mbarga died on his way to Ikom to see his mother in a motorcycle accident on 23 June 1997 in Calabar while trying to buy spare parts for his car along the ever busy Mayne Avenue Road, leaving behind "Sweet Mother" as the most popular song among Nigerians. "Sweet Mother" is sometimes called "Africa's anthem" and has been voted Africa's favourite song by [[BBC]] readers and listeners. His mother died shortly after learning of his death.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=DailyHighlife |date=2025-08-10 |title=Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025 |url=https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Dailyhighlife |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMedia2025">Media, DailyHighlife (10 August 2025). [https://dailyhighlife.ng/artist/prince-nico-mbarga "Prince Nico Mbarga Biography, Age, Height and Net Worth 2025"]. ''Dailyhighlife''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kundin studio === * ''Uwar Mai Kyau'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1976) * ''Rocafil Jazz 76'' (1976) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1977) * ''Ilimi na kyauta a Najeriya'' (1977) * ''Motsi na Iyali'' (1978) * ''Rockafil Jazz & Nicholas Mbaraga'' (1978) * ''Yarima Nico Mbarga & Rocafil Jazz'' (1978) * ''Kudin Kyau'' (1979) * ''Kwarewar 001'' (1979) * ''Aure mai sa'a!'' (1980) * ''Babu Mutuwa, Babu Hutu'' (1980) * ''Saƙon Kiɗa'' (1981) * ''Bari su ce'' (1982) * ''Ziyarar Paparoma'' (1982) * ''Chameleon'' (1984) * ''Tsarin Panco Juju'' (1986) * ''Iyali Mai Kyau'' (1987) * Allah Ɗaya kawai (1989) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4137879.stm Uwar Mai Kyau ita ce taken Afirka] * [http://museke.com/node/880 Waƙoƙin Uwa Mai Kyau] * [http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/afroscene-interview-with-prince-nico-mbarga/ "Radio Netherlands ganawa da Yarima Nico Mbarga", Rediyon Netherlands Archives] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] bgtevmr3lruzjgxfwana4ihketb9k9y 0 152673 841341 2026-05-28T09:44:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351281726|Marchica, Morocco]]" 841341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Nador-mar_chica1_800x600.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Marchica]] '''Marchica''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Sebkha Bou Areg''', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-18 |title=Sebkha Bou Areg {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1484 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418225625/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1484 |archive-date=2018-04-18 |access-date=2024-04-25}}</ref> wani lago ne a arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]], kusa da birnin Nador . Marchica tana da matukar muhimmanci daga yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da na halitta, saboda tana kan iyaka da biranen Nador da Beni Ansar da ƙauyen Arkaman a lardin Nador a yankin Rif.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSESSMENT OF THE TROPHIC STATUS OF MARCHICA LAGOON (NE MOROCCO, MEDITERRANEAN) AFTER RESTORATION ACTIVITIES USING TROPHIC INDEX (TRIX): SEASONAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364816891}}</ref> Tafkin Marchica yana da yanki na kilomita 120 (46 sq , zurfin mita 0.5 zuwa 7 (1 in zuwa 23 in), da kuma tsawon kilomita 24 (15 . == Manazarta == 7qf3nxvffdshqt4ujwmrv5ff41em1qr 841342 841341 2026-05-28T09:45:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 841342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Nador-mar_chica1_800x600.jpg|thumb|Tafkin Marchica]] '''Marchica''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Sebkha Bou Areg''', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-18 |title=Sebkha Bou Areg {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1484 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418225625/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1484 |archive-date=2018-04-18 |access-date=2024-04-25}}</ref> wani lago ne a arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]], kusa da birnin Nador . Marchica tana da matukar muhimmanci daga yanayin muhalli, tattalin arziki da na halitta, saboda tana kan iyaka da biranen Nador da Beni Ansar da ƙauyen Arkaman a lardin Nador a yankin Rif.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASSESSMENT OF THE TROPHIC STATUS OF MARCHICA LAGOON (NE MOROCCO, MEDITERRANEAN) AFTER RESTORATION ACTIVITIES USING TROPHIC INDEX (TRIX): SEASONAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364816891}}</ref> Tafkin Marchica yana da yanki na kilomita 120 (46 sq , zurfin mita 0.5 zuwa 7 (1 in zuwa 23 in), da kuma tsawon kilomita 24 (15 . == Manazarta == q5sytycd2u9qb7abu7hn8ym8elbujsw 0 152674 841343 2026-05-28T09:45:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298992277|Lake Tiguelmamine]]" 841343 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%; color:black;" |Tafkin Tiguelmamine |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;" |[[File:Tiguelmamine.jpeg|264x264px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px">[[Fayil:Morocco_relief_location_map.jpg|class=notpageimage noviewer|256x256px|Lac Tiguelmamine is located in Morocco]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:37.37%;left:63.376%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Lac Tiguelmamine]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tafkin Tiguelmamine</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div> |- class="adr" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data region" |Khenifra, [[Moroko|Maroko]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span title="Geographical coordinates">Ma'auni</span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Tiguelmamine&params=32.9054_N_5.3428_W_type:waterbody_region:MA_dim:950 <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°54′19′′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°20′34′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.9054°N 5.3428°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.9054; -5.3428</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Tiguelmamine&params=32.9054_N_5.3428_W_type:waterbody_region:MA_dim:950 <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°54′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°20′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.9054°N 5.3428°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">32.9054; -5.3428</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jikin Ruwa|Irin wannan]] | class="infobox-data category" |Tafkin halitta |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid" | |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Girman ƙasa | class="infobox-data" |1,630 m (5,350 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |} '''Tiglmamine''' ko '''Tiguelmamine''', raguwa na kalmar [[Abzinawa|Berber]] "Aguelmame" wanda ke nufin tafkin, yana da nisan kilomita 40 (25 daga Khenifra a tsakiyar Moyen Atlas, a [[Moroko|Maroko]], a tsawo 1,630m. An sanya shafin a matsayin abin tunawa na al'adun kasa. == Nomination == Tafkin Tiglmamine kuma ana kiransa tabarau na Atlas na Tsakiya. An ba shi wannan sunan saboda ya ƙunshi tabkuna biyu da ke kusa da su da aka haɗa a cikin nau'in tabarau. Tiglmamine sunan Amazigh ne, wanda shine jam'i na kalmar Aglmam, ma'ana tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=إقليم خنيفرة.. مؤهلات متنوعة لا توازيها دينامية سياحية تنموية {{!}} www.le360.ma |url=http://ar.le360.ma:80/economie/154070 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906001100/http://ar.le360.ma:80/economie/154070 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> == Manazarta == m2j64zv2sxlauc0dt8gmrbixzfj6tyo 841345 841343 2026-05-28T09:46:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 841345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tiglmamine''' ko '''Tiguelmamine''', raguwa na kalmar [[Abzinawa|Berber]] "Aguelmame" wanda ke nufin tafkin, yana da nisan kilomita 40 (25 daga Khenifra a tsakiyar Moyen Atlas, a [[Moroko|Maroko]], a tsawo 1,630m. An sanya shafin a matsayin abin tunawa na al'adun kasa. == Nomination == Tafkin Tiglmamine kuma ana kiransa tabarau na Atlas na Tsakiya. An ba shi wannan sunan saboda ya ƙunshi tabkuna biyu da ke kusa da su da aka haɗa a cikin nau'in tabarau. Tiglmamine sunan Amazigh ne, wanda shine jam'i na kalmar Aglmam, ma'ana tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=إقليم خنيفرة.. مؤهلات متنوعة لا توازيها دينامية سياحية تنموية {{!}} www.le360.ma |url=http://ar.le360.ma:80/economie/154070 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906001100/http://ar.le360.ma:80/economie/154070 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> == Manazarta == nngzz1j3m673eys8v7zq4cesyq2mnhf 0 152675 841346 2026-05-28T09:46:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297815870|Tislit Lake]]" 841346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Tislit''' tafki ne da ke cikin Gidan shakatawa na Haut Atlas Oriental na [[Moroko|Maroko]], a cikin sashin gudanarwa na Imilchil . Wannan "agdal" ne (wanda ke nufin "gidan kiwo mai mallaka" a cikin [[Abzinanci|Harshen Berber]]) inda kabilun Ayt Ḥdiddu ke jagorantar garken su a lokacin rani. An sanya tafkin a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun shekara ta 2005. Kowace shekara a watan Satumba, ana gudanar da wani muhimmin biki a tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsafira |date=2022-02-26 |title=Lakes Isli and Tislit in Morocco, what the legend says? |url=https://medium.com/@tsafira/lakes-isli-and-tislit-in-morocco-what-the-legend-says-d4ba703e0a6a |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == dnh6y60yp94ibgir6ji1fpkrdwlpo9b 841347 841346 2026-05-28T09:46:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 841347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Tislit''' tafki ne da ke cikin Gidan shakatawa na Haut Atlas Oriental na [[Moroko|Maroko]], a cikin sashin gudanarwa na Imilchil . Wannan "agdal" ne (wanda ke nufin "gidan kiwo mai mallaka" a cikin [[Abzinanci|Harshen Berber]]) inda kabilun Ayt Ḥdiddu ke jagorantar garken su a lokacin rani. An sanya tafkin a matsayin wurin Ramsar mai kariya tun shekara ta 2005. Kowace shekara a watan Satumba, ana gudanar da wani muhimmin biki a tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsafira |date=2022-02-26 |title=Lakes Isli and Tislit in Morocco, what the legend says? |url=https://medium.com/@tsafira/lakes-isli-and-tislit-in-morocco-what-the-legend-says-d4ba703e0a6a |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == e2ydnvh6b5wm8msosdtnhd6clgs7rf7 0 152676 841349 2026-05-28T09:48:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351992903|Lake Amaramba]]" 841349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Amaramba''' (Portuguese) tafki ne mai zurfi a [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], kusa da iyakar [[Malawi]] . Tana cikin tsaunin [[Tabkin Malawi|Nyasa]], tana arewacin Tafkin Чита. Tafkunan an raba su da yashi mai yashi kuma tashar ta haɗa tabkuna biyu. A gefen yammacin tashar, hanyar ruwa mai haɗa an san ta da Kogin Msambiti yayin da a gefen gabas, an san ta ne da Kogin Lugenda.<ref name="RGSwithIBG">{{Cite journal |last=The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) |date=February 1886 |title=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |jstor=1800926}}</ref> yana da alaƙa da Kogin Lugenda, wani yanki na Kogin Ruvuma . == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Amaramba wani bangare ne na tafki kuma wani bangare na ruwa mai budewa ya bazu a kan jimlar hekta 8,350 (20,600 acres). [[Fadama|tafkin ruwa]] mai budewa yana da kadada 4,350 (acre 10,700) kuma tafki ko ƙasa mai laushi yana da kadanta 4,000 (acre 9,900). An ɗaure shi a cikin yanayin ƙasa na 14°22′00′′S 35°52′00′′E / 14.36667°S 35.86667°E / -14.36667; 35.866 67 da 14°40′00′′ S 35°58′00′′ E / 14.66667°E/ -14.66667; 35.96667 a tsawo na mita 635 (2,083 . Tafkin, wanda aka kafa a cikin wani wuri mai zurfi, yana da santsi a gefen kudu da gabas. Tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 35.25 (21.90 tare da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 1.2 (0.75 . Ga mafi yawancin, yana kwance N.N.E. da S.S.W. Yankin arewacin tafkin yana ɗauke da W.N.W. tare da faɗin {{Convert|1800|ft|m}} zuwa {{Convert|2400|ft|m}} . Abubuwan da ke bayyane kawai da ke bayanta a gabashin tafkin sune tuddai, sun rabu da juna, masu suna Mitumbi, Mero, Mangombo, Chikalulu da Lipembegwe. [[Ruwan ruwa|Rashin ruwa]] yana cikin [[Malawi]] tare da karamin rafi da ke shiga tafkin a kudancinsa. A ƙarshen kogin, Tafkin Чита yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar tashar haɗin kilomita 9 (5.6 . A lokacin ruwan sama, tabkuna biyu sun zama yanki ɗaya na ruwa. Hanyar tafkin tana kaiwa ga Kogin Lugenda, wanda hakan ya haɗu da Kogin Rovuma, tsarin kogi mafi girma. Tafkin Amaramba yana nuna fasalin kogi mai faɗi. Koyaya, tafkin yana da ƙanƙantaccen faɗin idan aka kwatanta da Tafkin Чита a kan kogin da ke da siffar triangular.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaramba |url=http://malawicichlids.com/mw13023.htm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818034854/http://malawicichlids.com/mw13023.htm |archive-date=2010-08-18 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=Malawi Cichilids.com}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Lugenda_River.png|right|thumb|400x400px|Tafkin Amaramba ya nuna yana ciyarwa cikin Kogin Lugenda a kasa]] Tsarin tafkin (duka Chiuta da Amaramba) a baya yana da kyawawan halittu na daji amma a lokacin yakin basasa ya fuskanci mummunan farautar dabbobi da farauta. Namun dajin ruwa a cikin tafkin suma sun sha wahala sakamakon yawan kamun kifi da bakin haure daga Malawi suka haifar. <ref name="Amara">{{Cite web |title=Protecting freshwater ecosystems |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=WWF}}</ref> Bayan wannan lalata, Asusun Duniya kan Yanayi ( WWF ) da Oxfam GB sun fara daukar matakai don dakatar da ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. An ƙirƙiri wata hanyar hadin gwiwa da ta shafi mutanen yankin, gwamnatin gida da ta lardi da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Teku, don magance munanan matsalolin muhalli da aka haifar a baya, da nufin inganta samar da kayayyaki daga tsarin tafkin ba tare da amfani da albarkatun tafkin fiye da kima ba. <ref name="Amara" /> ; Matakan farfadowa Shirin na shekaru biyar da aka tsara don farfado da albarkatun yanayin halittu na yankin Lake Чита-Amaramba, ta hanyar shiga tsakani, ya haɗa da matakai da yawa.<ref name="Amara">{{Cite web |title=Protecting freshwater ecosystems |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=WWF}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html "Protecting freshwater ecosystems"]. WWF. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([[:Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown]]</ref> Na farko daga cikin wadannan shine don hana amfani da albarkatun da kuma gabatar da matakai don kara yawan aiki don inganta yanayin tattalin arziki na al'umma da ke bunƙasa akan albarkatun tafkin. Kafa wani tafkin tafki a Lake Чита-Amaramba zai adana kifi da tsuntsayen ruwa na tafkin kuma zai kara albarkatun ruwa don amfani da al'umma. Har ila yau, muhimmancin zai kasance kafa dubawa da ma'auni akan inganci da yawan kayan da aka cire daga tafkin. Kare yankin gandun daji da ke kewaye da shi ta hanyar tsarin kula da namun daji mai dacewa zai ba da izini ga bambancin nau'ikan namun daji wanda zai inganta tsarin tushen rayuwar karkara. Mataki na ƙarshe na farfadowa na shirin ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar yanayi don tallata samfuran gida. == Tarihi == A cikin 1882, Henry E. O'Neill, H.B.M. Consul zuwa Mozambique kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Royal Geographical Society Patron's Medal, ya bincika yankin kuma daga baya ya buga, Tafiya daga Mozambique zuwa Tafkin Shirwa, da kuma gano Lake Amaramba da ke nuna ƙauyuka tara da ƙauyuka, masu suna bayan shugabanninsu, a bakin tafkin. Biyar daga cikin wadannan sun kasance a gabashin (Napulu, Cheinlola, Chekungwa, Chemaunda da Chengogwe), uku a yammacin (Akumhumbwa, Chemina da Chemataka), kuma daya yana kan iyakar arewa (Akam Princi). Yankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin yana cike da Lomwe Makua. A halin yanzu, garin da ya fi kusa da tafkin shine Cacova a gefen yamma. == Manazarta == ddfsm2npix49nrcdtkjgy8u5vvvw400 841350 841349 2026-05-28T09:49:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 841350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Amaramba''' (Portuguese) tafki ne mai zurfi a [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], kusa da iyakar [[Malawi]] . Tana cikin tsaunin [[Tabkin Malawi|Nyasa]], tana arewacin Tafkin Чита. Tafkunan an raba su da yashi mai yashi kuma tashar ta haɗa tabkuna biyu. A gefen yammacin tashar, hanyar ruwa mai haɗa an san ta da Kogin Msambiti yayin da a gefen gabas, an san ta ne da Kogin Lugenda.<ref name="RGSwithIBG">{{Cite journal |last=The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) |date=February 1886 |title=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=99–103 |jstor=1800926}}</ref> yana da alaƙa da Kogin Lugenda, wani yanki na Kogin Ruvuma . == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Amaramba wani bangare ne na tafki kuma wani bangare na ruwa mai budewa ya bazu a kan jimlar hekta 8,350 (20,600 acres). [[Fadama|tafkin ruwa]] mai budewa yana da kadada 4,350 (acre 10,700) kuma tafki ko ƙasa mai laushi yana da kadanta 4,000 (acre 9,900). An ɗaure shi a cikin yanayin ƙasa na 14°22′00′′S 35°52′00′′E / 14.36667°S 35.86667°E / -14.36667; 35.866 67 da 14°40′00′′ S 35°58′00′′ E / 14.66667°E/ -14.66667; 35.96667 a tsawo na mita 635 (2,083 . Tafkin, wanda aka kafa a cikin wani wuri mai zurfi, yana da santsi a gefen kudu da gabas. Tafkin yana da tsawon kilomita 35.25 (21.90 tare da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 1.2 (0.75 . Ga mafi yawancin, yana kwance N.N.E. da S.S.W. Yankin arewacin tafkin yana ɗauke da W.N.W. tare da faɗin {{Convert|1800|ft|m}} zuwa {{Convert|2400|ft|m}} . Abubuwan da ke bayyane kawai da ke bayanta a gabashin tafkin sune tuddai, sun rabu da juna, masu suna Mitumbi, Mero, Mangombo, Chikalulu da Lipembegwe. [[Ruwan ruwa|Rashin ruwa]] yana cikin [[Malawi]] tare da karamin rafi da ke shiga tafkin a kudancinsa. A ƙarshen kogin, Tafkin Чита yana ciyar da shi ta hanyar tashar haɗin kilomita 9 (5.6 . A lokacin ruwan sama, tabkuna biyu sun zama yanki ɗaya na ruwa. Hanyar tafkin tana kaiwa ga Kogin Lugenda, wanda hakan ya haɗu da Kogin Rovuma, tsarin kogi mafi girma. Tafkin Amaramba yana nuna fasalin kogi mai faɗi. Koyaya, tafkin yana da ƙanƙantaccen faɗin idan aka kwatanta da Tafkin Чита a kan kogin da ke da siffar triangular.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaramba |url=http://malawicichlids.com/mw13023.htm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818034854/http://malawicichlids.com/mw13023.htm |archive-date=2010-08-18 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=Malawi Cichilids.com}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[Fayil:Lugenda_River.png|right|thumb|400x400px|Tafkin Amaramba ya nuna yana ciyarwa cikin Kogin Lugenda a kasa]] Tsarin tafkin (duka Chiuta da Amaramba) a baya yana da kyawawan halittu na daji amma a lokacin yakin basasa ya fuskanci mummunan farautar dabbobi da farauta. Namun dajin ruwa a cikin tafkin suma sun sha wahala sakamakon yawan kamun kifi da bakin haure daga Malawi suka haifar. <ref name="Amara">{{Cite web |title=Protecting freshwater ecosystems |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=WWF}}</ref> Bayan wannan lalata, Asusun Duniya kan Yanayi ( WWF ) da Oxfam GB sun fara daukar matakai don dakatar da ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. An ƙirƙiri wata hanyar hadin gwiwa da ta shafi mutanen yankin, gwamnatin gida da ta lardi da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Teku, don magance munanan matsalolin muhalli da aka haifar a baya, da nufin inganta samar da kayayyaki daga tsarin tafkin ba tare da amfani da albarkatun tafkin fiye da kima ba. <ref name="Amara" /> ; Matakan farfadowa Shirin na shekaru biyar da aka tsara don farfado da albarkatun yanayin halittu na yankin Lake Чита-Amaramba, ta hanyar shiga tsakani, ya haɗa da matakai da yawa.<ref name="Amara">{{Cite web |title=Protecting freshwater ecosystems |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html |archive-date=2009-10-13 |access-date=2010-10-09 |publisher=WWF}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html "Protecting freshwater ecosystems"]. WWF. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([[:Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown]]</ref> Na farko daga cikin wadannan shine don hana amfani da albarkatun da kuma gabatar da matakai don kara yawan aiki don inganta yanayin tattalin arziki na al'umma da ke bunƙasa akan albarkatun tafkin. Kafa wani tafkin tafki a Lake Чита-Amaramba zai adana kifi da tsuntsayen ruwa na tafkin kuma zai kara albarkatun ruwa don amfani da al'umma. Har ila yau, muhimmancin zai kasance kafa dubawa da ma'auni akan inganci da yawan kayan da aka cire daga tafkin. Kare yankin gandun daji da ke kewaye da shi ta hanyar tsarin kula da namun daji mai dacewa zai ba da izini ga bambancin nau'ikan namun daji wanda zai inganta tsarin tushen rayuwar karkara. Mataki na ƙarshe na farfadowa na shirin ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar yanayi don tallata samfuran gida. == Tarihi == A cikin 1882, Henry E. O'Neill, H.B.M. Consul zuwa Mozambique kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Royal Geographical Society Patron's Medal, ya bincika yankin kuma daga baya ya buga, Tafiya daga Mozambique zuwa Tafkin Shirwa, da kuma gano Lake Amaramba da ke nuna ƙauyuka tara da ƙauyuka, masu suna bayan shugabanninsu, a bakin tafkin. Biyar daga cikin wadannan sun kasance a gabashin (Napulu, Cheinlola, Chekungwa, Chemaunda da Chengogwe), uku a yammacin (Akumhumbwa, Chemina da Chemataka), kuma daya yana kan iyakar arewa (Akam Princi). Yankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin yana cike da Lomwe Makua. A halin yanzu, garin da ya fi kusa da tafkin shine Cacova a gefen yamma. == Manazarta == eisbpx9cos1w6rq2l70780h95bzytrr 0 152677 841351 2026-05-28T09:49:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311462991|Lake Shirwa]]" 841351 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tafkin Shirwa''' tafki ne da ke [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. An gano shi a cikin 1859 ta hanyar mai binciken Scotland, David Livingstone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-17 |title='Message in a bottle' for auction |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3496847.stm |access-date=2008-05-09 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == jul3xdob98rfnrv98t4whyqr1elf6nb 841352 841351 2026-05-28T09:49:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 841352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Shirwa''' tafki ne da ke [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. An gano shi a cikin 1859 ta hanyar mai binciken Scotland, David Livingstone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-02-17 |title='Message in a bottle' for auction |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3496847.stm |access-date=2008-05-09 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == rt92xorj7z5urgxonmst4uhdnn61jym 0 152678 841353 2026-05-28T09:52:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329367755|Dragon's Breath Cave]]" 841353 wikitext text/x-wiki Dragon's Breath Cave wani kogon karst ne mai ambaliyar ruwa wanda ke cikin Yankin Otjozondjupa na [[Namibiya|Namibia]] a kan ƙasa mai zaman kanta, wanda ba a iya isa ga jama'a ba. Roger Ellis ne ya gano kogon a lokacin da yake tafiya a yankin a shekarar 1986. An sanya masa suna ne saboda iska mai dumi, mai laushi wanda ke tashi daga ƙofar sa lokacin da matsin lamba ya sauka, wanda ke tattare don samar da hazo wanda ke nuna numfashi na dragon.<ref name="Kelly, 2014-01-24">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Daniel |date=24 January 2014 |title=Dragon's Breath Cave Holds the World's Largest Underground Lake |url=http://www.lakescientist.com/dragons-breath-cave-holds-worlds-largest-underground-lake/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301130831/http://www.lakescientist.com/dragons-breath-cave-holds-worlds-largest-underground-lake/ |archive-date=1 March 2015 |access-date=31 May 2016 |website=Lake Scientist}}</ref> Wannan kogon ya ƙunshi mafi girma a duniya da aka sani ba a karkashin kasa ba, {{Convert|2|ha}} tare da yanki na kusan 2 acres). <ref name="NationalGeographic">{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Wanted in |date=2020-06-12 |title=Dragon's Breath Cave: Namibia has the worlds largest underground lake |url=https://www.wantedinafrica.com/news/dragons-breath-cave-namibia-has-the-worlds-largest-underground-lake.html |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Wanted in Africa |language=en}}</ref> Ruwan tafkin yana kusa da mita 60 (200 a ƙasa da ƙasa a bakin kogon.<ref name="InDepth">{{Cite web |last=Schöll |first=Oliver |date=6 November 2024 |title=Deep in Dragon’s Breath |url=https://indepthmag.com/expedition-in-the-dragons-breath-cave-namibia/ |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=indepthmag.com |publisher=InDepth magazine}}</ref><ref name="TravelNamibia">{{Cite web |title=Namibia's hidden depths |url=http://www.travelnamibiamag.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2635&Itemid=246 |access-date=2012-08-28 |publisher=Travel Namibia Magazine}}</ref> Jimlar zurfinta shine mita 205 (673 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fileccia |first=Alessio |year=2012 |title=Namibian ground water systems |url=http://speleodiversity.ch/download/Kongressakten/081FilecciaNamgrows.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018085848/http://www.speleodiversity.ch/download/Kongressakten/081FilecciaNamgrows.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-18 |access-date=2013-01-07 |publisher=Speleo Diversity}}</ref> Kodayake an ruwaito cewa nau'in kifi mai suna ''Clarias cavernicola'' yana zaune a cikin tafkin a cikin Dragon's Breath Cave, wannan kuskure ne. An san shi ne kawai daga kogon Aigamas da ke kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Proudlove, G.H. |year=2018–2019 |title=Clarias cavernicola |url=https://cavefishes.org.uk/species-record.php?id=142 |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=cavefishes.org.uk}}</ref> [[Fayil:Sketch_of_Dragons_Breath_Hole_1986.jpg|thumb|Hoton Dragons Breath Hole 1986]] Martyn Farr ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa The Darkness Beckons binciken kogon da ƙungiyar masu nutsewa da masu hawan dutse suka jagoranci Roger Ellis da Charles Maxwell na Kungiyar Spelaeological ta Afirka ta Kudu shekara guda bayan an gano kogon a cikin 1986 ta hanyar masu hawan duwatsu a matsayin mai girma. == Girma da girma == Ƙofar kogon ita ce kusurwar tsaye a cikin wani dolomite da ke fitowa a ƙarƙashin wani karamin tudu, kuma yana da ƙanƙanta a wurare. Ana samun damar ta hanyar igiya zuwa saman tafkin. An auna saman ruwa a mita 59 a ƙasa da ƙasa a bakin kogon. Matsayi mafi zurfi shine 264 m a ƙasa da bayanai a zurfin 205 m ta hanyar ma'aunin Sonar mai yawa daga binciken jirgin sama na Sunfish. An bincika kogon da ke sama da ruwa ta hanyar laser. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, mafi zurfin da masu nutsewa suka kai ya kai 132 m. Akwai karamin rairayin bakin teku a kudancin tafkin, nesa da ƙofar shiga, wanda ke kai tsaye sama da ruwa a wani nesa daga bakin teku. kogon yana gangara zuwa ƙasa daga rairayin bakin teku zuwa mafi zurfi a kusan 40-45 ° a arewacin ƙarshen kogon. Kwarin yana da faɗi kuma yana da madaidaiciya, tare da tafkin yana bayyane daga babban ɓangare na ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="Stone survey">{{Cite web |title=Dragon's Breath Cave: 2-dimensional map |url=https://explore.stoneaerospace.com/interfaces/dragonsbreath/dragonsbreath.html |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=explore.stoneaerospace.com}}</ref> Rashin zurfin ruwa a ƙasa da ƙofar kusan 60 m ne.<ref name="InDepth">{{Cite web |last=Schöll |first=Oliver |date=6 November 2024 |title=Deep in Dragon’s Breath |url=https://indepthmag.com/expedition-in-the-dragons-breath-cave-namibia/ |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=indepthmag.com |publisher=InDepth magazine}}</ref> Ramin ya ragu daga kimanin mita 175 (575 a fadin kuma kusan mita 61 (200 a tsawo. <ref name="Orlando 2020">{{Cite web |last=Orlando |first=Alex |date=3 February 2020 |title=This AI-Guided Drone Has Mapped One of Earth's Deepest Subterranean Lakes |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/this-ai-guided-drone-has-mapped-one-of-earths-deepest-subterranean-lakes |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=www.discovermagazine.com |publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9bfr5d82hnuujhvvmpf1h116emctoc0 0 152679 841354 2026-05-28T09:53:21Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344843872|Oriental Brothers International]]" 841354 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Oriental Brothers International''', wanda ake kuma kira <nowiki>''</nowiki>The Oriental Brothers<nowiki>''</nowiki>, wata fitacciyar ƙungiyar makaɗan Highlife ce daga Gabashin Najeriya. Ita ce ƙungiyar farko ta irin tsarin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>boy band<nowiki>'''</nowiki> a Najeriya a salon Highlife, wadda aka kafa jim kaɗan bayan Yaƙin Najeriya da Biafra a shekarun 1970. Asalin ƙungiyar ta samo ne daga haɗin gwiwar: [[Dr Sir Warrior]], Dan Satch Opara, Nathaniel Ejiogu, [[Kabaka (mai kiɗa)|Godwin Kabaka Opara]], da Prince Ichita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriental Brothers Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/oriental-brothers-mn0001424339/biography |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cagnolari |first=Vladimir |date=2022-06-10 |title=Oriental Brothers: celebrating 50 years with a new record! |url=http://http//https%3A%2F%2Fpan-african-music.com%2Fen%2Foriental-brothers%2F |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=PAM - Pan African Music |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar ta fitar da jimlar kundin studio 39, tarin 7 da kuma karin wasa 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriental Brothers International |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/439385-Oriental-Brothers-International |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Discogs |language=en}}</ref> == Mambobin ƙungiyar == Mambobin ƙungiyar na asali da na yanzu na Oriental Brothers International Band: === Membobin Original / Past Band === * '''Ferdinand Chukwuemeka "Dan-Satch" Opara''' - Jagora da Bass Guitarist * '''[[Kabaka (mai kiɗa)|Godwin Opara]]''' - Jagoran Band da Rhythm Guitarist * '''Christogonus "Dr. Sir Warrior" Ezewuiro Obinna''' - Jagoran Mai ba da labari * '''Livinus "Aquila" Alaribe''' - Mai kunnawa * '''Fred "Ichita" Ahumaraeze''' - Mai bugawa === Mambobin Band na yanzu === '''Masu amfani da kayan kida''' * '''Livinus Aquila Alaribe''' - Mai kunnawa * '''John Okere''' - Bass Guitar * '''Okechukwu Uzodinma''' - Gitar * '''Afrizia Obinna''' - Mawallafi * '''Kenneth Emenogu''' - Jagoran Guitar * '''John Paul Opara''' - Maracas * '''Ebere Nwebe''' - Drums '''Masu ba da murya''' * Dan Satch * Kampala Yokolo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Angel |date=2024-11-18 |title=A Legendary Return: The Oriental Brothers and Their Effect on Afro-Colombian Music {{!}} World Music Central |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2024/11/18/a-legendary-return-the-oriental-brothers-and-their-effect-on-afro-colombian-music/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa === * Uwa Atu Alamujo-1990 * Origbu Onye Ozo-1977 * Ihe Eme Uwa Adimma-1977 * Onwe Tarani Nye Ibe Efe-2006 * Wanda ya fito daga Oma zuwa 2006 * Mutumin da ya Naniya Biri-2006 * Akwa Uwa-2006 * Obinwanne-2009 * Ozo Wu Iwen-2009 * Onye Egbula Onye Akpala Obiya-2009 * Akudo-2011 * Gabas ta Musamman ta Gabas-2011 * Iheoma Agighi Onye Oso-2011 * Nnedinobi-2011 * Abin Chiyerem-2011 * Abin da ya faru a shekara ta 2011 * Oke Nolulu-2011 * Ebele Onye Uwa-2015 * Ugwu Madu Na-2015 * Nwanneya-2016 * Nwoke Ezu-Ike-2019 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] ltkr0kwljaktqaqm4owmg6v9k1kt1fa 841357 841354 2026-05-28T09:56:01Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oriental Brothers International''', wanda ake kuma kira <nowiki>''</nowiki>The Oriental Brothers<nowiki>''</nowiki>, wata fitacciyar ƙungiyar makaɗan Highlife ce daga Gabashin Najeriya. Ita ce ƙungiyar farko ta irin tsarin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>boy band<nowiki>'''</nowiki> a Najeriya a salon Highlife, wadda aka kafa jim kaɗan bayan Yaƙin Najeriya da Biafra a shekarun 1970. Asalin ƙungiyar ta samo ne daga haɗin gwiwar: [[Dr Sir Warrior]], Dan Satch Opara, Nathaniel Ejiogu, [[Kabaka (mai kiɗa)|Godwin Kabaka Opara]], da Prince Ichita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriental Brothers Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/oriental-brothers-mn0001424339/biography |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cagnolari |first=Vladimir |date=2022-06-10 |title=Oriental Brothers: celebrating 50 years with a new record! |url=http://http//https%3A%2F%2Fpan-african-music.com%2Fen%2Foriental-brothers%2F |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=PAM - Pan African Music |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar ta fitar da jimlar kundin studio 39, tarin 7 da kuma karin wasa 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriental Brothers International |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/439385-Oriental-Brothers-International |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Discogs |language=en}}</ref> == Mambobin ƙungiyar == Mambobin ƙungiyar na asali da na yanzu na Oriental Brothers International Band: === Membobin Original / Past Band === * '''Ferdinand Chukwuemeka "Dan-Satch" Opara''' - Jagora da Bass Guitarist * '''[[Kabaka (mai kiɗa)|Godwin Opara]]''' - Jagoran Band da Rhythm Guitarist * '''Christogonus "Dr. Sir Warrior" Ezewuiro Obinna''' - Jagoran Mai ba da labari * '''Livinus "Aquila" Alaribe''' - Mai kunnawa * '''Fred "Ichita" Ahumaraeze''' - Mai bugawa === Mambobin Band na yanzu === '''Masu amfani da kayan kida''' * '''Livinus Aquila Alaribe''' - Mai kunnawa * '''John Okere''' - Bass Guitar * '''Okechukwu Uzodinma''' - Gitar * '''Afrizia Obinna''' - Mawallafi * '''Kenneth Emenogu''' - Jagoran Guitar * '''John Paul Opara''' - Maracas * '''Ebere Nwebe''' - Drums '''Masu ba da murya''' * Dan Satch * Kampala Yokolo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Angel |date=2024-11-18 |title=A Legendary Return: The Oriental Brothers and Their Effect on Afro-Colombian Music {{!}} World Music Central |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2024/11/18/a-legendary-return-the-oriental-brothers-and-their-effect-on-afro-colombian-music/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa === * Uwa Atu Alamujo-1990 * Origbu Onye Ozo-1977 * Ihe Eme Uwa Adimma-1977 * Onwe Tarani Nye Ibe Efe-2006 * Wanda ya fito daga Oma zuwa 2006 * Mutumin da ya Naniya Biri-2006 * Akwa Uwa-2006 * Obinwanne-2009 * Ozo Wu Iwen-2009 * Onye Egbula Onye Akpala Obiya-2009 * Akudo-2011 * Gabas ta Musamman ta Gabas-2011 * Iheoma Agighi Onye Oso-2011 * Nnedinobi-2011 * Abin Chiyerem-2011 * Abin da ya faru a shekara ta 2011 * Oke Nolulu-2011 * Ebele Onye Uwa-2015 * Ugwu Madu Na-2015 * Nwanneya-2016 * Nwoke Ezu-Ike-2019 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] ebwkhvfum5451rjs6k4ezrenteifw95 0 152680 841355 2026-05-28T09:55:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329487194|Lake Guinas]]" 841355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Guinas''' shine mafi girma daga cikin [[Tafki|tabkuna]] biyu na dindindin a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]. Tafkin rami ne, wanda wani kogo na karst ya kirkira, <ref name="Irish">{{Cite journal |last=Irish |first=John |year=1991 |title=Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia |journal=Madoqua |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–146}}</ref> wanda ke da nisan kilomita talatin da takwas a yammacin Tsumeb, kusa da hanyar D3043. Tafkin Guinas gida ne ga ''Tilapia guinasana'', nau'in kifi na cichlid da ke cikin haɗari, wanda ke cikin wannan tafkin, amma a wani mataki an gabatar da shi ga tafkin 'yar'uwar Guinas, Tafkin Otjikoto, da kuma cikin wasu madatsun gona da ke kusa. Da'awar cewa tafkin Guinas yana da alaƙa da tafkin Otjikoto ta koguna ana yin sa akai-akai amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba tukuna.<ref name="Irish">{{Cite journal |last=Irish |first=John |year=1991 |title=Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia |journal=Madoqua |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–146}}</ref> Tafkin yana kan gonaki masu zaman kansu amma ana iya ziyarta tare da izinin mai shi. An bincika tafkin da kogunan da ke karkashin ruwa a cikin 2019 ta hanyar motar ruwa mai zaman kanta ta Sunfish. == Yankin == Tafkin yana da kimanin mita 300 (1,000 tsawo da mita 175 (575 fadi kusa da kasa, tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 133 (435.<ref name="Orlando 2020">{{Cite web |last=Orlando |first=Alex |date=3 February 2020 |title=This AI-Guided Drone Has Mapped One of Earth's Deepest Subterranean Lakes |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/this-ai-guided-drone-has-mapped-one-of-earths-deepest-subterranean-lakes |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=www.discovermagazine.com |publisher=}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dragon's Breath Cave - kogo a yankin Otjozondjupa na Namibia * Harasib Cave - kogon karst da ya cika da ruwa a Namibia * Lake Otjikoto - Tafkin da abin tunawa na kasa a NamibiaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi == Manazarta == dj348gsl0u1w285r7b749sa7vkjm8n1 841356 841355 2026-05-28T09:55:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 841356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Guinas''' shine mafi girma daga cikin [[Tafki|tabkuna]] biyu na dindindin a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]. Tafkin rami ne, wanda wani kogo na karst ya kirkira, <ref name="Irish">{{Cite journal |last=Irish |first=John |year=1991 |title=Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia |journal=Madoqua |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–146}}</ref> wanda ke da nisan kilomita talatin da takwas a yammacin Tsumeb, kusa da hanyar D3043. Tafkin Guinas gida ne ga ''Tilapia guinasana'', nau'in kifi na cichlid da ke cikin haɗari, wanda ke cikin wannan tafkin, amma a wani mataki an gabatar da shi ga tafkin 'yar'uwar Guinas, Tafkin Otjikoto, da kuma cikin wasu madatsun gona da ke kusa. Da'awar cewa tafkin Guinas yana da alaƙa da tafkin Otjikoto ta koguna ana yin sa akai-akai amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba tukuna.<ref name="Irish">{{Cite journal |last=Irish |first=John |year=1991 |title=Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia |journal=Madoqua |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=141–146}}</ref> Tafkin yana kan gonaki masu zaman kansu amma ana iya ziyarta tare da izinin mai shi. An bincika tafkin da kogunan da ke karkashin ruwa a cikin 2019 ta hanyar motar ruwa mai zaman kanta ta Sunfish. == Yankin == Tafkin yana da kimanin mita 300 (1,000 tsawo da mita 175 (575 fadi kusa da kasa, tare da matsakaicin zurfin mita 133 (435.<ref name="Orlando 2020">{{Cite web |last=Orlando |first=Alex |date=3 February 2020 |title=This AI-Guided Drone Has Mapped One of Earth's Deepest Subterranean Lakes |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/this-ai-guided-drone-has-mapped-one-of-earths-deepest-subterranean-lakes |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=www.discovermagazine.com |publisher=}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dragon's Breath Cave - kogo a yankin Otjozondjupa na Namibia * Harasib Cave - kogon karst da ya cika da ruwa a Namibia * Lake Otjikoto - Tafkin da abin tunawa na kasa a NamibiaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi == Manazarta == o2ndssn0ko6ll6i17i2spkgyh860gry 0 152681 841359 2026-05-28T09:56:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339956856|Lake Oponona]]" 841359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Anthropoides_paradiseus_-Etosha_National_Park,_Namibia-8.jpg|right|thumb|233x233px|Blue Crane, nau'in tsuntsu da ke ƙaura zuwa Tafkin Oponona lokacin da wasu wuraren da ke da ruwa suka bushe]] '''Tafkin Oponona''' (Ndonga: ) tafki ne na halitta a cikin Majalisa ta Uuvudhiya a Yankin Oshana na arewacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (43 daga Etosha Pan kuma shine tafkin mafi girma a cikin Cuvelai Basin.<ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 March 2011). "Massive Destruction in the North". New Era. Retrieved 30 November 2011</ref> Yana riƙe ruwa har zuwa lokacin ruwan sama mai zuwa a cikin shekara mai wadata. Saboda tafkin yana kula da ruwa na dogon lokaci wasu tsuntsaye kamar flamingos da sauransu na ɗan lokaci suna motsawa a can, lokacin da ''Oshanas'' (flatunan ambaliyar ruwa), maras kyau, da sauran wuraren da ke da ruwa sun bushe. A lokacin fari na 2012/2013 Tafkin Oponona ya ragu da fiye da mita 500 (1,600 saboda dubban shanu da aka tura su can don sha. Har ila yau akwai Kogin Oponona da ke ƙauyen [[Oniizimba]] na Mazabar Ompundja. == Manazarta == 3cepe0xlusoro6czj2bnhu1m9xkdttm 841360 841359 2026-05-28T09:56:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 841360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Anthropoides_paradiseus_-Etosha_National_Park,_Namibia-8.jpg|right|thumb|233x233px|Blue Crane, nau'in tsuntsu da ke ƙaura zuwa Tafkin Oponona lokacin da wasu wuraren da ke da ruwa suka bushe]] '''Tafkin Oponona''' (Ndonga: ) tafki ne na halitta a cikin Majalisa ta Uuvudhiya a Yankin Oshana na arewacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Yana da nisan kilomita 70 (43 daga Etosha Pan kuma shine tafkin mafi girma a cikin Cuvelai Basin.<ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 March 2011). "Massive Destruction in the North". New Era. Retrieved 30 November 2011</ref> Yana riƙe ruwa har zuwa lokacin ruwan sama mai zuwa a cikin shekara mai wadata. Saboda tafkin yana kula da ruwa na dogon lokaci wasu tsuntsaye kamar flamingos da sauransu na ɗan lokaci suna motsawa a can, lokacin da ''Oshanas'' (flatunan ambaliyar ruwa), maras kyau, da sauran wuraren da ke da ruwa sun bushe. A lokacin fari na 2012/2013 Tafkin Oponona ya ragu da fiye da mita 500 (1,600 saboda dubban shanu da aka tura su can don sha. Har ila yau akwai Kogin Oponona da ke ƙauyen [[Oniizimba]] na Mazabar Ompundja. == Manazarta == 4emkldu9sr1kf0n8ii5y1qd78zoslh8 0 152682 841361 2026-05-28T09:57:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355007952|Ponente]]" 841361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ponent''' / / pə ʊ ˈnənti / ; poh- NEN poh- tee ; Italian ; French ; Spanish ; Catalan ; Sicilian ; Corsican ; Croatian ; Aragonese ; Lombard ; Macedonian ; Greek ) iska ce ta yamma a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tana busawa daga Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] ta cikin Mashigin Gibraltar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin iskar da ke yaɗuwa a yammacin Bahar Rum. == Magana == [[Fayil:West_Ponente_wind,_Saint_Peter's_Square,_Vatican_City.jpg|thumb|Alamar da ke nuna gefen yamma a St. Peter's Square]] Ponente ya samo asali ne daga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''pōnōō'' ma'ana "sanya, sanya". A cikin [[Italiyanci]] an kuma yi amfani da kalmar don komawa ga faɗuwar rana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etimologia : ponente; |url=https://www.etimo.it/?term=ponente&find=Cerca |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.etimo.it}}</ref> kuma ya zama daidai da yamma, kamar yadda Levant ("tsabtace") ke nufin gabas. Tare da yaduwar Lingua Franca na Bahar Rum kalmar ta kafa a matsayin iska da kuma Alamar compass ta gargajiya ta Bahar Rum duk da cewa yankin, da kuma [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|journal=Marcantonio|url-status=De Vincenzi|access-date=Matteucci}}</ref> A shekara ta 1852 Paparoma Pius IX ya kara wadannan iskõki na gargajiya zuwa iska ta St. Peter's Square.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wind Rose in St Peter's Square |url=https://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Obelisk/WindRose.htm |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.stpetersbasilica.info}}</ref> == Yanayin yanayi == [[Fayil:Ponente_winter.svg|thumb|Gudun Ponente a cikin hunturu]] A yamma Ponente yana da haruffa daban-daban guda biyu dangane da kakar. Na farko shine iska mai kama da ruwan sama wanda galibi yana hurawa daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasar Iberian ta fi sanyi fiye da ruwa, haɗe da Yankin matsin lamba a kan Maghreb wanda ke haifar da kwarara mai ƙarfi daga Tekun Atlantika ta hanyar Strait of Gibraltar zuwa yammacin Bahar Rum. Wannan ya ƙarfafa ta hanyar yankin Atlantic Low-pressure da ke motsawa zuwa Bay of Biscay. Sakamakon ya ƙarfafa ta hanyar Tasirin Venturi wanda Sierra Nevada da Dutsen Atlas suka haifar. Wannan yana haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da guguwa mai ƙarfi a duk yammacin Bahar Rum tare da saurin iska tsakanin 4 zuwa 7 Beaufort. Wadannan gusts masu karfi kuma an san su da Vendavales . [[Fayil:Ponente_summer.svg|thumb|Gudun Ponente a lokacin rani]] A lokacin rani yawanci Azores High ne ke kirkirar Ponente a kan Atlantic da Genoan Low a kan Bahar Rum. Thermals ya kara karfafa tasirin, yana haifar da iska mai sanyi da bushe tare da 'yan gusts tare da saurin har zuwa 7 Beaufort. Wadannan halaye suna da kyau don tafiya da kawo sabuntawa a kudancin Spain. Ko dai bambancin sau da yawa yana sauyawa tare da gabas, Ponente yana da yawa a cikin hunturu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Törnfinder |date=2024-07-18 |title=Die wichtigsten Winde im Mittelmeerraum: Überblick und Tipps |url=https://www.toernfinder.de/segelblog/die-wichtigsten-winde-im-mittelmeerraum-ueberblick-und-tipps/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Törnfinder |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fernbach |first=Charly |title=Le Ponant, le bien nommé vent d'ouest méditerranéen |url=https://www.bateaux.com/article/32271/le-ponant-le-bien-nomme-vent-d-ouest-mediterraneen |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Bateaux.com |language=fr}}</ref> [[File:Etna_eruption_seen_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg|alt=[[Mount Etna]] eruption in 2002 with the plume being blown eastward by the Ponente|thumb|[[Mount Etna]] eruption in 2002 with the plume being blown eastward by the Ponente.]] Motsawa zuwa gabas, Ponente ya zama mara ƙarfi. An bayyana iskar Girka da Roman [[Zephyrus]] da Favonius a matsayin masu tawali'u da kuma alheri kuma suna da alaƙa da iska mai laushi.<ref name=":0" /> Ana kuma lura da wannan halayyar a [[Faransa]] da ƙasashen Adriatic.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sailing |first=Prima |title=Adriatic winds |url=https://www.prima-sailing.com/en/information/adriatic-winds |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.prima-sailing.com |language=en}}</ref> A [[Italiya]] kuma musamman [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] Ponente yana da matsakaici kuma yana da alhakin yanayi mai kyau da kuma share gurɓataccen iska. Ko da a gaba zuwa gabas, zuwa [[Turkiyya]], wani lokacin ana kuskuren Etesian a matsayin Ponente, saboda irin wannan hanyar da suke yi. == Manazarta == hsyf3umwl2cpvgocjxbq06uedpw1ck9 841362 841361 2026-05-28T09:57:54Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ponent''' / / pə ʊ ˈnənti / ; poh- NEN poh- tee ; Italian ; French ; Spanish ; Catalan ; Sicilian ; Corsican ; Croatian ; Aragonese ; Lombard ; Macedonian ; Greek ) iska ce ta yamma a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tana busawa daga Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] ta cikin Mashigin Gibraltar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin iskar da ke yaɗuwa a yammacin Bahar Rum. == Magana == [[Fayil:West_Ponente_wind,_Saint_Peter's_Square,_Vatican_City.jpg|thumb|Alamar da ke nuna gefen yamma a St. Peter's Square]] Ponente ya samo asali ne daga [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''pōnōō'' ma'ana "sanya, sanya". A cikin [[Italiyanci]] an kuma yi amfani da kalmar don komawa ga faɗuwar rana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etimologia : ponente; |url=https://www.etimo.it/?term=ponente&find=Cerca |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.etimo.it}}</ref> kuma ya zama daidai da yamma, kamar yadda Levant ("tsabtace") ke nufin gabas. Tare da yaduwar Lingua Franca na Bahar Rum kalmar ta kafa a matsayin iska da kuma Alamar compass ta gargajiya ta Bahar Rum duk da cewa yankin, da kuma [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|journal=Marcantonio|url-status=De Vincenzi|access-date=Matteucci}}</ref> A shekara ta 1852 Paparoma Pius IX ya kara wadannan iskõki na gargajiya zuwa iska ta St. Peter's Square.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wind Rose in St Peter's Square |url=https://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Obelisk/WindRose.htm |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.stpetersbasilica.info}}</ref> == Yanayin yanayi == [[Fayil:Ponente_winter.svg|thumb|Gudun Ponente a cikin hunturu]] A yamma Ponente yana da haruffa daban-daban guda biyu dangane da kakar. Na farko shine iska mai kama da ruwan sama wanda galibi yana hurawa daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasar Iberian ta fi sanyi fiye da ruwa, haɗe da Yankin matsin lamba a kan Maghreb wanda ke haifar da kwarara mai ƙarfi daga Tekun Atlantika ta hanyar Strait of Gibraltar zuwa yammacin Bahar Rum. Wannan ya ƙarfafa ta hanyar yankin Atlantic Low-pressure da ke motsawa zuwa Bay of Biscay. Sakamakon ya ƙarfafa ta hanyar Tasirin Venturi wanda Sierra Nevada da Dutsen Atlas suka haifar. Wannan yana haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da guguwa mai ƙarfi a duk yammacin Bahar Rum tare da saurin iska tsakanin 4 zuwa 7 Beaufort. Wadannan gusts masu karfi kuma an san su da Vendavales . [[Fayil:Ponente_summer.svg|thumb|Gudun Ponente a lokacin rani]] A lokacin rani yawanci Azores High ne ke kirkirar Ponente a kan Atlantic da Genoan Low a kan Bahar Rum. Thermals ya kara karfafa tasirin, yana haifar da iska mai sanyi da bushe tare da 'yan gusts tare da saurin har zuwa 7 Beaufort. Wadannan halaye suna da kyau don tafiya da kawo sabuntawa a kudancin Spain. Ko dai bambancin sau da yawa yana sauyawa tare da gabas, Ponente yana da yawa a cikin hunturu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Törnfinder |date=2024-07-18 |title=Die wichtigsten Winde im Mittelmeerraum: Überblick und Tipps |url=https://www.toernfinder.de/segelblog/die-wichtigsten-winde-im-mittelmeerraum-ueberblick-und-tipps/ |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Törnfinder |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fernbach |first=Charly |title=Le Ponant, le bien nommé vent d'ouest méditerranéen |url=https://www.bateaux.com/article/32271/le-ponant-le-bien-nomme-vent-d-ouest-mediterraneen |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=Bateaux.com |language=fr}}</ref> [[File:Etna_eruption_seen_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg|alt=[[Mount Etna]] eruption in 2002 with the plume being blown eastward by the Ponente|thumb|[[Mount Etna]] eruption in 2002 with the plume being blown eastward by the Ponente.]] Motsawa zuwa gabas, Ponente ya zama mara ƙarfi. An bayyana iskar Girka da Roman [[Zephyrus]] da Favonius a matsayin masu tawali'u da kuma alheri kuma suna da alaƙa da iska mai laushi.<ref name=":0" /> Ana kuma lura da wannan halayyar a [[Faransa]] da ƙasashen Adriatic.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sailing |first=Prima |title=Adriatic winds |url=https://www.prima-sailing.com/en/information/adriatic-winds |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=www.prima-sailing.com |language=en}}</ref> A [[Italiya]] kuma musamman [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] Ponente yana da matsakaici kuma yana da alhakin yanayi mai kyau da kuma share gurɓataccen iska. Ko da a gaba zuwa gabas, zuwa [[Turkiyya]], wani lokacin ana kuskuren Etesian a matsayin Ponente, saboda irin wannan hanyar da suke yi. == Manazarta == fxh0gumt86w3vs8zakwd7pyn7vl7ptl 0 152683 841363 2026-05-28T09:58:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345426141|Iyake Lake]]" 841363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Iyake''' wani karamin tafki ne wanda ke saman Dutsen Oke Ado a garin Ado-Awaye, [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Yana da kawai 350m2 a saman. Sau da yawa 'yan Najeriya suna kiran tafkin a matsayin "kogi da aka dakatar kawai a Afirka". An ce yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu da aka dakatar a duniya, ɗayan kuma shine Hanging Lake a [[Colorado|Colorado, Amurka]]. Koyaya babu ma'anar tafkin da aka dakatar kuma tabkuna da yawa a duniya suna da irin wannan yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa ga Tafkin Iyake, ma'ana ba na musamman ba ne. A cikin ƙoƙari na bunkasa yawon bude ido, an inganta tafkin a kan kafofin sada zumunta tare da manyan ikirarin na musamman. Hanging Lake a Colorado, Amurka ba ta da irin wannan fasalin da Iyake Lake, kuma ba a san dalilin da ya sa aka haɗa tabkuna a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ba. Tafkin, wanda ruwan sama ke ciyarwa, ruwa ne na halitta, kimanin 350m2 a saman, wanda ke zaune a kan dutse kimanin mita 300 sama da matakin teku. Yana da siffar oval kuma yana cike da ruwa mai duhu. == Tarihi == A cewar asusun yankin, sunan tafkin yana da tushe a cikin [[Yarbanci|Kalmar Yoruba]] ''Ìyáké'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "kiran mace," wani abu ne mai ban tsoro na tarihin wani mace marar haihuwa daga Òtà a [[Jihar Ogun]], wanda ya koma wannan wuri a lokacin [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. A cewar al'adun yankin, yayin da aka yi mata ba'a saboda rashin haihuwar yara, ta ƙare ta kashe kanta ta hanyar nutsewa cikin wannan tafkin, kuma muryarta yanzu tana sauti a cikin wannan tafki har zuwa yau. An yi imani a cikin waɗannan labarun cewa akwai halaye masu ban mamaki da ke da alaƙa da wannan tafkin, wanda ke da alaƙar warkar da mata marasa haihuwa. Yanayin geomorphology na musamman na Iyake Lake, wanda shine jikin ruwa mai ƙuntata wanda ke saman dutse kuma ba shi da ƙofar shiga ko hanyoyin fita, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga matsayinsa na almara. Tsawon lokaci an yi imanin cewa ba shi da tushe kuma gida ga allahiyar haihuwa ta mutanen yankin, labari ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai rami kusa da ake kira ''Agbómofúnyàké'' ("yana tattara yaro kuma ya ba Iyake"), "wanda waɗanda suka sanya ƙafa lokacin da aka cika da ruwa an ce ba za su sake dawowa ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of Iyake Suspended Lake in Ado Awaye Oyo State |url=http://www.yorubaness.com.ng/2023/05/history-of-iyake-suspended-lake-in-ado.html |access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-12-18 |title=Ìyáké Lake: The Enigmatic Depths of Ado Awaiye's Suspended Waters |url=https://fatherlandgazette.com/iyake-lake-the-enigmatic-depths-of-ado-awaiyes-suspended-waters/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Fatherland Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da yake tafkin yana da tushe a cikin tsarin imani da labaru na gargajiya, yana da ma'anar al'adu da ruhaniya ga mutanen Ado-Awaye. An bi da tafkin da girmamawa ta hanyar tsararraki masu zuwa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa yana da alaƙa da jiragen ruhaniya da ke ƙasa da farfajiya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of Iyake Suspended Lake in Ado Awaye Oyo State |url=http://www.yorubaness.com.ng/2023/05/history-of-iyake-suspended-lake-in-ado.html |access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref> A zamanin yau, sha'awar Iyake Lake ta karu fiye da mutanen yankin da na yanki tare da zuwan yawon shakatawa na yanayi a Najeriya. Shirye-shiryen da Gwamnatin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] ta dauka wajen bunkasa tafkin a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido sun hada da kafa bikin Iyake International, wanda ya faru a karo na farko a karni na 21 kuma yana tunawa da tafkin da sauran gumakan al'adu na Ado-Awaye. Harkokin siyasa da ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun fi jaddada ci gaban ababen more rayuwa don jawo hankalin saka hannun jari ga tafkin da aka dakatar da shi da kewayenta. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin yana cikin Ado-Awaye, wani karamin gari a cikin karamar hukumar Iseyin ta [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. Don isa gare ta, baƙi dole ne su hau Dutsen Oke Ado, wanda kuma ke da wasu sanannun siffofi kamar Itacen Gishiri, Oke Ishage (dutse da aka yi imanin ya kawo ruwan sama), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iyake Suspended Lake |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/iyake-suspended-lake |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> da Esè Àwon Àgbà (ƙafafun ƙafafun da aka yi imani da cewa na ruhohi ne na dā). == Muhimmancin al'adu da ruhaniya == Iyake Lake an dauke shi mai tsarki ga mutanen yankin, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa shi ne hanyar ruhaniya zuwa wasu wurare. Masu bautar gargajiya har yanzu suna gudanar da bukukuwan shekara-shekara a tafkin, kuma yin iyo ko shiga tafkin an hana shi saboda matsayinsa na ruhaniya da haɗarin da ba a sani ba. == Yawon shakatawa == [[Fayil:West_African_Mud_Turtle.jpg|thumb|Tururuwa mai laka a Iyake ta dakatar da tafkin.]] Tafkin ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu yawon bude ido, masu bincike, da masu neman kasada saboda yaduwar ingantawa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na intanet. Duk da iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ana ci gaba da kokarin hukumomin gida da na jihohi don bunkasa yankin zuwa wuri mai sauƙi na yawon bude ido. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin da ke rataye, [[Colorado]] * Jerin tabkuna a Najeriya == Manazarta == oit9cv25a4iao3juv73i6xqlqz0wnzv 841364 841363 2026-05-28T09:58:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 841364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Iyake''' wani karamin tafki ne wanda ke saman Dutsen Oke Ado a garin Ado-Awaye, [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Yana da kawai 350m2 a saman. Sau da yawa 'yan Najeriya suna kiran tafkin a matsayin "kogi da aka dakatar kawai a Afirka". An ce yana daya daga cikin tabkuna biyu da aka dakatar a duniya, ɗayan kuma shine Hanging Lake a [[Colorado|Colorado, Amurka]]. Koyaya babu ma'anar tafkin da aka dakatar kuma tabkuna da yawa a duniya suna da irin wannan yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa ga Tafkin Iyake, ma'ana ba na musamman ba ne. A cikin ƙoƙari na bunkasa yawon bude ido, an inganta tafkin a kan kafofin sada zumunta tare da manyan ikirarin na musamman. Hanging Lake a Colorado, Amurka ba ta da irin wannan fasalin da Iyake Lake, kuma ba a san dalilin da ya sa aka haɗa tabkuna a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ba. Tafkin, wanda ruwan sama ke ciyarwa, ruwa ne na halitta, kimanin 350m2 a saman, wanda ke zaune a kan dutse kimanin mita 300 sama da matakin teku. Yana da siffar oval kuma yana cike da ruwa mai duhu. == Tarihi == A cewar asusun yankin, sunan tafkin yana da tushe a cikin [[Yarbanci|Kalmar Yoruba]] ''Ìyáké'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "kiran mace," wani abu ne mai ban tsoro na tarihin wani mace marar haihuwa daga Òtà a [[Jihar Ogun]], wanda ya koma wannan wuri a lokacin [[Masarautar Oyo|Daular Oyo]]. A cewar al'adun yankin, yayin da aka yi mata ba'a saboda rashin haihuwar yara, ta ƙare ta kashe kanta ta hanyar nutsewa cikin wannan tafkin, kuma muryarta yanzu tana sauti a cikin wannan tafki har zuwa yau. An yi imani a cikin waɗannan labarun cewa akwai halaye masu ban mamaki da ke da alaƙa da wannan tafkin, wanda ke da alaƙar warkar da mata marasa haihuwa. Yanayin geomorphology na musamman na Iyake Lake, wanda shine jikin ruwa mai ƙuntata wanda ke saman dutse kuma ba shi da ƙofar shiga ko hanyoyin fita, ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga matsayinsa na almara. Tsawon lokaci an yi imanin cewa ba shi da tushe kuma gida ga allahiyar haihuwa ta mutanen yankin, labari ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwai rami kusa da ake kira ''Agbómofúnyàké'' ("yana tattara yaro kuma ya ba Iyake"), "wanda waɗanda suka sanya ƙafa lokacin da aka cika da ruwa an ce ba za su sake dawowa ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of Iyake Suspended Lake in Ado Awaye Oyo State |url=http://www.yorubaness.com.ng/2023/05/history-of-iyake-suspended-lake-in-ado.html |access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-12-18 |title=Ìyáké Lake: The Enigmatic Depths of Ado Awaiye's Suspended Waters |url=https://fatherlandgazette.com/iyake-lake-the-enigmatic-depths-of-ado-awaiyes-suspended-waters/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Fatherland Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da yake tafkin yana da tushe a cikin tsarin imani da labaru na gargajiya, yana da ma'anar al'adu da ruhaniya ga mutanen Ado-Awaye. An bi da tafkin da girmamawa ta hanyar tsararraki masu zuwa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa yana da alaƙa da jiragen ruhaniya da ke ƙasa da farfajiya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of Iyake Suspended Lake in Ado Awaye Oyo State |url=http://www.yorubaness.com.ng/2023/05/history-of-iyake-suspended-lake-in-ado.html |access-date=2025-06-19}}</ref> A zamanin yau, sha'awar Iyake Lake ta karu fiye da mutanen yankin da na yanki tare da zuwan yawon shakatawa na yanayi a Najeriya. Shirye-shiryen da Gwamnatin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] ta dauka wajen bunkasa tafkin a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido sun hada da kafa bikin Iyake International, wanda ya faru a karo na farko a karni na 21 kuma yana tunawa da tafkin da sauran gumakan al'adu na Ado-Awaye. Harkokin siyasa da ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun fi jaddada ci gaban ababen more rayuwa don jawo hankalin saka hannun jari ga tafkin da aka dakatar da shi da kewayenta. == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin yana cikin Ado-Awaye, wani karamin gari a cikin karamar hukumar Iseyin ta [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]]. Don isa gare ta, baƙi dole ne su hau Dutsen Oke Ado, wanda kuma ke da wasu sanannun siffofi kamar Itacen Gishiri, Oke Ishage (dutse da aka yi imanin ya kawo ruwan sama), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iyake Suspended Lake |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/iyake-suspended-lake |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> da Esè Àwon Àgbà (ƙafafun ƙafafun da aka yi imani da cewa na ruhohi ne na dā). == Muhimmancin al'adu da ruhaniya == Iyake Lake an dauke shi mai tsarki ga mutanen yankin, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa shi ne hanyar ruhaniya zuwa wasu wurare. Masu bautar gargajiya har yanzu suna gudanar da bukukuwan shekara-shekara a tafkin, kuma yin iyo ko shiga tafkin an hana shi saboda matsayinsa na ruhaniya da haɗarin da ba a sani ba. == Yawon shakatawa == [[Fayil:West_African_Mud_Turtle.jpg|thumb|Tururuwa mai laka a Iyake ta dakatar da tafkin.]] Tafkin ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu yawon bude ido, masu bincike, da masu neman kasada saboda yaduwar ingantawa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na intanet. Duk da iyakantaccen ababen more rayuwa, ana ci gaba da kokarin hukumomin gida da na jihohi don bunkasa yankin zuwa wuri mai sauƙi na yawon bude ido. == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin da ke rataye, [[Colorado]] * Jerin tabkuna a Najeriya == Manazarta == 2u3feyxfb5zn8kl34lmtq2567rifypa 0 152684 841365 2026-05-28T09:59:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354361718|Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla]]" 841365 wikitext text/x-wiki   Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla wani aiki ne na Francisco de Zurbarán, wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 1634. == Bayyanawa == Hoton ya kai 136 × 167 centimeters. Yana cikin tarin Museo del Prado . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hercules separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla – The Collection – Museo Nacional del Prado |url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/hercules-separates-mounts-calpe-and-abylla/83309cad-d8cf-4e8f-88fa-722c649219e5 |access-date=12 July 2016 |website=www.museodelprado.es}}</ref> == Bincike == Hoton ya nuna Hercules. Ya raba duwatsu biyu Calpe da Abyla, wanda aka fi sani da Pillars of Hercules . Wannan kuma ya nuna yadda Hercules ke amfani da hannunsa kawai kuma babu wasu makamai don raba Dutsen Calpe da Abylla An haɗa shi a cikin jerin ayyuka 10 game da Labors of Hercules wanda Philip IV na Spain ya ba da umarni don Hall of Realms na Fadar Buen Retiro . Yanzu ana kiyaye jerin a cikin Museo del Prado . == Manazarta == 7y71j9e7qijaj1g82aacsyykplazxvq 841367 841365 2026-05-28T09:59:28Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Hercules Separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla wani aiki ne na Francisco de Zurbarán, wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 1634. == Bayyanawa == Hoton ya kai 136 × 167 centimeters. Yana cikin tarin Museo del Prado . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hercules separates Mounts Calpe and Abylla – The Collection – Museo Nacional del Prado |url=https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/hercules-separates-mounts-calpe-and-abylla/83309cad-d8cf-4e8f-88fa-722c649219e5 |access-date=12 July 2016 |website=www.museodelprado.es}}</ref> == Bincike == Hoton ya nuna Hercules. Ya raba duwatsu biyu Calpe da Abyla, wanda aka fi sani da Pillars of Hercules . Wannan kuma ya nuna yadda Hercules ke amfani da hannunsa kawai kuma babu wasu makamai don raba Dutsen Calpe da Abylla An haɗa shi a cikin jerin ayyuka 10 game da Labors of Hercules wanda Philip IV na Spain ya ba da umarni don Hall of Realms na Fadar Buen Retiro . Yanzu ana kiyaye jerin a cikin Museo del Prado . == Manazarta == giysoilpq3694ssmb6tj0is9a8x43d2 0 152685 841366 2026-05-28T09:59:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255285219|Lake Mboukou]]" 841366 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''[[Tafki|tafkin]] Mboukou''' (Faransanci: Lac Mboukou) tafkin ruwa ne a cikin Gundumar Epena, [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. == Bayyanawa == Yana da wani karamin tafki da ke da kusan 50 km zuwa kudu maso gabas daga Lake Tele a 0°57′5′′N 17°22′45′′E / 0.95139°N 17.37917°E / 0. 95139; 17.37927 a yankin arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Kongo. Tafkin Mboukou kusan an kewaye shi da gandun daji sai dai a bakin tekun SW inda ƙauyen Mboukou yake. == Muhimmancin yankin == Littafin 1996 Congo Journey, na marubucin tafiye-tafiye na Burtaniya Redmond O'Hanlon, ya ambaci wannan tafkin a matsayin wuri mai karfi a cewar mutanen yankin. == Muhalli == Wannan tafkin yana cikin km2 sq yankin ruwa na Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé / Likouala-aux-Herbes. Shafin Ramsar ne tun daga 18 ga Yulin 1998.<ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes. |url=http://www.ramsar.org/la-r%C3%A9serve-communautaire-du-lac-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9likouala-aux-herbes |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> == Manazarta == cw53t2ntlei8b0zqutq7b6rzctomb5e 841368 841366 2026-05-28T09:59:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 841368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Mboukou''' (Faransanci: Lac Mboukou) tafkin ruwa ne a cikin Gundumar Epena, [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. == Bayyanawa == Yana da wani karamin tafki da ke da kusan 50 km zuwa kudu maso gabas daga Lake Tele a 0°57′5′′N 17°22′45′′E / 0.95139°N 17.37917°E / 0. 95139; 17.37927 a yankin arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Kongo. Tafkin Mboukou kusan an kewaye shi da gandun daji sai dai a bakin tekun SW inda ƙauyen Mboukou yake. == Muhimmancin yankin == Littafin 1996 Congo Journey, na marubucin tafiye-tafiye na Burtaniya Redmond O'Hanlon, ya ambaci wannan tafkin a matsayin wuri mai karfi a cewar mutanen yankin. == Muhalli == Wannan tafkin yana cikin km2 sq yankin ruwa na Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé / Likouala-aux-Herbes. Shafin Ramsar ne tun daga 18 ga Yulin 1998.<ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes. |url=http://www.ramsar.org/la-r%C3%A9serve-communautaire-du-lac-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9likouala-aux-herbes |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> == Manazarta == o93issxtjvdu3n3o7368tdewe15wy22 0 152686 841369 2026-05-28T10:00:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302858288|Lake Tele]]" 841369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Tele''' ([[Faransanci]] Lac Télé) tafkin ruwa ne a cikin Gundumar Epena, [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. == Bayyanawa == Da yake a 1°20′N 17°9′E / 1.333°N 17.150°E / 1. 333; 17.150 a yankin arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Kongo, an kafa Tafkin Tele a cikin tsaunuka na Pliocene ta hanyar tsarin ilimin ƙasa da ba a sani ba. Yana da elliptical, kusan zagaye, a siffar kuma yana kewaye da gandun daji na Likouala-aux-Herbes wanda ke rufe shi a hankali. Babu manyan hanyoyin shiga ko hanyoyin fita a cikin tafkin. Ruwa na Lake Tele yana da [[Ruwan Turbidity|turbid]], yana da babban abun ciki na kayan kwayoyin halitta kuma yana da acidic (pH < 4). <ref name="wondermondo">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=Lake Tele |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/CongoR/Likuala/LakeTele.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605220812/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/CongoR/Likuala/LakeTele.htm |archive-date=5 June 2018 |access-date=11 July 2013 |publisher=Wondermondo}}</ref> Har yanzu ba a bincika gandun daji da ke kewaye da tafkin sosai ba. == Labaran da aka yi == Tafkin Tele shine sanannen gidan Mokèlé-mbèmbé (wanda ake zaton babban, ba a san shi ba), kuma ana zaton shi ne wurin da pygmies suka kashe kuma suka ci ɗaya daga cikin halittu, a kusa da 1959. Littafin 1996 Congo Journey, na marubucin tafiye-tafiye na Burtaniya Redmond O'Hanlon, ya bayyana dalla-dalla tafiyarsa ta hanyar Kongo zuwa Tafkin Tele don neman Mokèlé-mbèmbé, tare da ba da cikakken bayani game da fauna, tsire-tsire da al'adun al'adun Kongo da alaƙa da 'yan asalin Pygmy. == Muhalli == {{Convert|4389.6|sqkm}} yankin dausayi na ''Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes'' . Gidan Ramsar ne tun 18 Yuli 1998. <ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes. |url=http://www.ramsar.org/la-r%C3%A9serve-communautaire-du-lac-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9likouala-aux-herbes |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar ta hanyar Wildlife Conservation Society a cikin 2006 da 2007 ya gano fiye da 100,000 da ba a bayar da rahoton ba a baya suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Lake Tele Community Reserve da kuma makwabta Marantaceae (ƙasa) gandun daji a Jamhuriyar Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN |date=2008-08-05 |title=More than 100,000 rare gorillas found in Congo |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/08/05/congo.gorillas/index.html |access-date=2009-09-22 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Mboukou == Manazarta == afwzrupuj022x9ieapvpksgoq7oavex 841372 841369 2026-05-28T10:01:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 841372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Tele''' ([[Faransanci]] Lac Télé) tafkin ruwa ne a cikin Gundumar Epena, [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. == Bayyanawa == Da yake a 1°20′N 17°9′E / 1.333°N 17.150°E / 1. 333; 17.150 a yankin arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Kongo, an kafa Tafkin Tele a cikin tsaunuka na Pliocene ta hanyar tsarin ilimin ƙasa da ba a sani ba. Yana da elliptical, kusan zagaye, a siffar kuma yana kewaye da gandun daji na Likouala-aux-Herbes wanda ke rufe shi a hankali. Babu manyan hanyoyin shiga ko hanyoyin fita a cikin tafkin. Ruwa na Lake Tele yana da [[Ruwan Turbidity|turbid]], yana da babban abun ciki na kayan kwayoyin halitta kuma yana da acidic (pH < 4). <ref name="wondermondo">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2013 |title=Lake Tele |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/CongoR/Likuala/LakeTele.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605220812/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/CongoR/Likuala/LakeTele.htm |archive-date=5 June 2018 |access-date=11 July 2013 |publisher=Wondermondo}}</ref> Har yanzu ba a bincika gandun daji da ke kewaye da tafkin sosai ba. == Labaran da aka yi == Tafkin Tele shine sanannen gidan Mokèlé-mbèmbé (wanda ake zaton babban, ba a san shi ba), kuma ana zaton shi ne wurin da pygmies suka kashe kuma suka ci ɗaya daga cikin halittu, a kusa da 1959. Littafin 1996 Congo Journey, na marubucin tafiye-tafiye na Burtaniya Redmond O'Hanlon, ya bayyana dalla-dalla tafiyarsa ta hanyar Kongo zuwa Tafkin Tele don neman Mokèlé-mbèmbé, tare da ba da cikakken bayani game da fauna, tsire-tsire da al'adun al'adun Kongo da alaƙa da 'yan asalin Pygmy. == Muhalli == {{Convert|4389.6|sqkm}} yankin dausayi na ''Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes'' . Gidan Ramsar ne tun 18 Yuli 1998. <ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé/Likouala-aux-Herbes. |url=http://www.ramsar.org/la-r%C3%A9serve-communautaire-du-lac-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9likouala-aux-herbes |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar ta hanyar Wildlife Conservation Society a cikin 2006 da 2007 ya gano fiye da 100,000 da ba a bayar da rahoton ba a baya suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Lake Tele Community Reserve da kuma makwabta Marantaceae (ƙasa) gandun daji a Jamhuriyar Kongo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN |date=2008-08-05 |title=More than 100,000 rare gorillas found in Congo |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/08/05/congo.gorillas/index.html |access-date=2009-09-22 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tafkin Mboukou == Manazarta == 6q6fosf5hrtdhpxwnnie2htd9z6nidq 0 152687 841370 2026-05-28T10:00:49Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293313677|El Estrecho Natural Park]]" 841370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''El Estrecho (The Strait) Natural Park''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : ''Parque Natural del Estrecho'' ) wani wurin shakatawa ne na halitta a [[Ispaniya|Spain]], wanda ke gefen arewacin Mashigar Gibraltar . [[Fayil:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Mashigin Gibraltar kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Arewa tana hagu: Spain tana hagu kuma Afirka tana dama)]] [[Fayil:DelfinEstrecho.jpg|thumb|Cetacea a cikin mashigar ruwa]] Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 189.1, an ayyana ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na halitta a shekarar 2003. Wurin yana kusa da kudancin babban yankin Spain, da kuma babban yankin Turai, wanda hakan ya sanya shi wurin shakatawa mafi kudanci a Turai. Wurin da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] suka haɗu a mashigin Gibraltar ya sanya shi a kan hanyar ƙaura ga tsuntsaye da yawa. == Bayyanawa == Gidan shakatawa na Estrecho yana kan kudancin tsibirin Iberian kuma yana kare yankin bakin teku daga Bay of Getares (Algeciras) zuwa Cape Grace (Tarifa). An ayyana shi a matsayin ajiyar yanayi a cikin shekara ta 2003 <ref name="williams">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Jo |title=Estrecho Natural Park |url=http://www.andalucia.com/environment/protect/estrecho.htm |access-date=5 June 2013 |publisher=Andalucia.com}}</ref> kuma yanki ne mai kariya na hekta 18,910. Yankin da aka fi kiyayewa a kudancin nahiyar Turai kuma yana haɗa jigogi na muhalli, shimfidar wuri, tarihi da al'adu. Yana daga cikin Transcontinental Biosphere Reserve na Bahar Rum tun lokacin da aka sanya shi a shekara ta 2006. Gabashin gabar wurin shakatawa yana kan [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kuma yammacin gabar yana kan [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]]. Strait of Gibraltar, wanda ke haɗa waɗannan tekuna kuma ya raba Turai daga Afirka, wuri ne na tsayawa ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsakanin nahiyoyi biyu kawai kilomita 14 ne kuma daga zamanin da wannan mataki kuma hanya ce ta wucewa ga mutane.&nbsp; Haɗin teku biyu ya sa yanayin ruwa na musamman wanda ke da bambancin halittu na musamman na ban sha'awa. Yanayin yankin yana da yanayin zafi mai sauƙi da lokacin fari da kuma rashin ruwan sama. Kamar duk wuraren shakatawa a Andalusia, El Estrecho Natural Park yana da kwamitin gudanarwa da kuma mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gudanarwa. Tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi, darektan mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na wurin shakatawa shine Yesu Cabello Medina, injiniyan gandun daji, wanda ya ji daɗin aiki a Ma'aikatar Muhalli. Kwamitin Gudanarwa yana karkashin jagorancin Sena Ildefonso Rodríguez, ɗan jarida kuma farfesa, wanda aka sake zabarsa a watan Fabrairun 2008 don wa'adinsa na biyu. == Ilimin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa yana cikin tuddai na Betic Cordillera, wani ɓangare na sashin ilimin ƙasa na Algeciras wanda ya kai arewacin Morocco. Rukunin Algeciras ya ƙunshi Margo Flychs Arenic-mica na Oligocene - farkon Miocene, ƙasar postorogenic tana a yammacin wurin shakatawa kuma na musamman ne ga Quaternary, galibi ajiyar alluvial ne. Babban tsarin yanayin ƙasa na wurin shakatawa shine duwatsun The Hub da The Kid, dangane da tsarin bakin teku sun haɗa da karst submarine. == Ilimin ruwa == A gabas kuma saboda tsaunuka masu tsawo na tsaunuka na cibiyar babu wani bangare mai faɗi, kodayake ƙananan koguna da yawa da runoff, tsakanin waɗannan koguna suna da kogin Guadalmesi da kwarin kogin Marchenilla da suka samo asali; a yamma ƙasa ƙasa tana ƙasa kuma akwai Kogin Jara da de la Vega waɗanda ke cikin bakin. == Tarihi == Shaidar farko ta tafiyar ɗan adam ta waɗannan ƙasashe sune ragowar Neanderthals da aka samu a cikin Dutsen Gibraltar. Wannan na iya dacewa da ɗaya daga cikin mutanen duniya na ƙarshe na wannan rukuni na mutane. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ragowar mutane na zamani na farko a yankin, daga Lower Paleolithic. Akwai kusan koguna da mafaka 34 da aka sani tare da fasahar dutse da tsarin jana'iza da dolmens daban-daban na wakilci daga Palaeolithic zuwa Cueva del Moro zuwa Bronze Age na [[Necrópolis de Los Algarbes|Kabarin Algarbes]] tare da jana'izar megalithic. Daga baya, yawancin wayewa a yankin sun cika da yankin. A cikin iyakokin wurin shakatawa akwai shafuka kamar Cala Arenas, Carthaginians, Romawa da Claudia Baelo ko na zamani kamar Hill Campus na Gallows ko Castle na Tarifa . A karkashin ruwan wurin shakatawa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka lalace, galibi daga zamanin zamani. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gic24mka39iugf0jyt24vvzihkc07ue 841371 841370 2026-05-28T10:01:06Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''El Estrecho (The Strait) Natural Park''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : ''Parque Natural del Estrecho'' ) wani wurin shakatawa ne na halitta a [[Ispaniya|Spain]], wanda ke gefen arewacin Mashigar Gibraltar . [[Fayil:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Mashigin Gibraltar kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Arewa tana hagu: Spain tana hagu kuma Afirka tana dama)]] [[Fayil:DelfinEstrecho.jpg|thumb|Cetacea a cikin mashigar ruwa]] Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 189.1, an ayyana ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na halitta a shekarar 2003. Wurin yana kusa da kudancin babban yankin Spain, da kuma babban yankin Turai, wanda hakan ya sanya shi wurin shakatawa mafi kudanci a Turai. Wurin da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] suka haɗu a mashigin Gibraltar ya sanya shi a kan hanyar ƙaura ga tsuntsaye da yawa. == Bayyanawa == Gidan shakatawa na Estrecho yana kan kudancin tsibirin Iberian kuma yana kare yankin bakin teku daga Bay of Getares (Algeciras) zuwa Cape Grace (Tarifa). An ayyana shi a matsayin ajiyar yanayi a cikin shekara ta 2003 <ref name="williams">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Jo |title=Estrecho Natural Park |url=http://www.andalucia.com/environment/protect/estrecho.htm |access-date=5 June 2013 |publisher=Andalucia.com}}</ref> kuma yanki ne mai kariya na hekta 18,910. Yankin da aka fi kiyayewa a kudancin nahiyar Turai kuma yana haɗa jigogi na muhalli, shimfidar wuri, tarihi da al'adu. Yana daga cikin Transcontinental Biosphere Reserve na Bahar Rum tun lokacin da aka sanya shi a shekara ta 2006. Gabashin gabar wurin shakatawa yana kan [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kuma yammacin gabar yana kan [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]]. Strait of Gibraltar, wanda ke haɗa waɗannan tekuna kuma ya raba Turai daga Afirka, wuri ne na tsayawa ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsakanin nahiyoyi biyu kawai kilomita 14 ne kuma daga zamanin da wannan mataki kuma hanya ce ta wucewa ga mutane.&nbsp; Haɗin teku biyu ya sa yanayin ruwa na musamman wanda ke da bambancin halittu na musamman na ban sha'awa. Yanayin yankin yana da yanayin zafi mai sauƙi da lokacin fari da kuma rashin ruwan sama. Kamar duk wuraren shakatawa a Andalusia, El Estrecho Natural Park yana da kwamitin gudanarwa da kuma mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gudanarwa. Tun lokacin da aka kirkireshi, darektan mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na wurin shakatawa shine Yesu Cabello Medina, injiniyan gandun daji, wanda ya ji daɗin aiki a Ma'aikatar Muhalli. Kwamitin Gudanarwa yana karkashin jagorancin Sena Ildefonso Rodríguez, ɗan jarida kuma farfesa, wanda aka sake zabarsa a watan Fabrairun 2008 don wa'adinsa na biyu. == Ilimin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa yana cikin tuddai na Betic Cordillera, wani ɓangare na sashin ilimin ƙasa na Algeciras wanda ya kai arewacin Morocco. Rukunin Algeciras ya ƙunshi Margo Flychs Arenic-mica na Oligocene - farkon Miocene, ƙasar postorogenic tana a yammacin wurin shakatawa kuma na musamman ne ga Quaternary, galibi ajiyar alluvial ne. Babban tsarin yanayin ƙasa na wurin shakatawa shine duwatsun The Hub da The Kid, dangane da tsarin bakin teku sun haɗa da karst submarine. == Ilimin ruwa == A gabas kuma saboda tsaunuka masu tsawo na tsaunuka na cibiyar babu wani bangare mai faɗi, kodayake ƙananan koguna da yawa da runoff, tsakanin waɗannan koguna suna da kogin Guadalmesi da kwarin kogin Marchenilla da suka samo asali; a yamma ƙasa ƙasa tana ƙasa kuma akwai Kogin Jara da de la Vega waɗanda ke cikin bakin. == Tarihi == Shaidar farko ta tafiyar ɗan adam ta waɗannan ƙasashe sune ragowar Neanderthals da aka samu a cikin Dutsen Gibraltar. Wannan na iya dacewa da ɗaya daga cikin mutanen duniya na ƙarshe na wannan rukuni na mutane. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ragowar mutane na zamani na farko a yankin, daga Lower Paleolithic. Akwai kusan koguna da mafaka 34 da aka sani tare da fasahar dutse da tsarin jana'iza da dolmens daban-daban na wakilci daga Palaeolithic zuwa Cueva del Moro zuwa Bronze Age na [[Necrópolis de Los Algarbes|Kabarin Algarbes]] tare da jana'izar megalithic. Daga baya, yawancin wayewa a yankin sun cika da yankin. A cikin iyakokin wurin shakatawa akwai shafuka kamar Cala Arenas, Carthaginians, Romawa da Claudia Baelo ko na zamani kamar Hill Campus na Gallows ko Castle na Tarifa . A karkashin ruwan wurin shakatawa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suka lalace, galibi daga zamanin zamani. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mx3gj8sq63h7s3mp6v9vyy5drfkix2q 0 152688 841373 2026-05-28T10:02:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297039953|Espartel Sill]]" 841373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spartel''' ko '''Espartel Sill''' ita ce mafi yammacin gefen teku da ta raba [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |year=2015 |title=Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |volume=120 |pages=6309–6328 |doi=10.1002/2014JC010674 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ƙofar ita ce ta biyu mafi zurfi a ƙasan teku tsakanin Tekun Iberian da [[Afirka]] . Tana kusa da mashigar Gibraltar da Camarinal Sill, a == Dubi kuma == * Bankin Spartel * Matsayi na Saddle == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8d5lkk3i7ap5k5yuonsa79gydvqoktw 841374 841373 2026-05-28T10:02:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Spartel''' ko '''Espartel Sill''' ita ce mafi yammacin gefen teku da ta raba [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |year=2015 |title=Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |volume=120 |pages=6309–6328 |doi=10.1002/2014JC010674 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ƙofar ita ce ta biyu mafi zurfi a ƙasan teku tsakanin Tekun Iberian da [[Afirka]] . Tana kusa da mashigar Gibraltar da Camarinal Sill, a == Dubi kuma == * Bankin Spartel * Matsayi na Saddle == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2ltoer778kykuhj1zowv4tslncct49v 0 152689 841375 2026-05-28T10:02:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346450149|Lake Burera]]" 841375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Burera''' ko '''Bulera''' wani tafki ne da ke arewa maso yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], a kan iyaka da [[Uganda]] . Yana da fadin fili mai fadin murabba'in {{Convert|55|km2|sqmi|-1}} , ita ce tafki na biyu mafi girma gaba ɗaya a [[Ruwanda]] bayan Tafkin Ihema ( {{Convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1}} ). Idan aka yi la'akari da duk sauran tafkuna a ƙasar (gami da tafkuna da aka raba da wasu ƙasashe), zai zama na 5 mafi girma bayan [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] {{Convert|2700|km2|sqmi|-1}} tsakanin [[Ruwanda]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[tafkin Rweru]] tsakanin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]] a {{Convert|133|km2|sqmi|-1}} wanda {{Convert|47|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna Rwanda, Lake Ihema da tafkin Cohoha {{Convert|74|km2|sqmi|-1}} kuma an raba shi da [[Burundi]] wanda {{Convert|19|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna cikin Ruwanda. Tafkin yana cikin yankin da ke da cunkoson jama'a a Arewacin ƙasar a gundumar Burera wadda ta samo sunansa daga wannan tafkin. Babban birnin da ke cikin wannan wuri shine birnin Musanze {{Convert|25|km}} Yammacin tafkin. Tafkin Burera yana da iyaka da wuraren da ke da ruwa na [[Uganda]] a kan gangaren kudancin [[Dutsen Muhabura|Dutsen Muhavura]] a {{Convert|1860|m|ft|0}} na tsawo. Yana kwance a Arewa maso Gabas na tagwayensa Lake Ruhondo inda yake kwarara ta hanyar rafi da ake kira Ntaruka . Burera kusan ninki biyu ne fiye da Tafkin Ruhondo kuma duk da cewa kawai suna da mita 600, tabkuna biyu sun rabu da raguwa mai ban mamaki a tsawo na {{Convert|100|m|ft|0}}. Ntaruka rafi ne mai tsawon mita {{Convert|600|m|ft|0}} (1,969 wanda ke haɗa tabkuna biyu da saukowa na kimanin mita 100 a cikin . Saboda wannan faduwar, an gina tashar wutar lantarki a kan wannan rafi kuma tana samar da 11.5 MW.<ref name="Power Plant">{{Cite web |title=Power Plant |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/generation/power-plant/?tx_powermail_pi1%5Baction%5D=create&tx_powermail_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Form&cHash=2a8bace115ead5607620f166a9ae3b35 |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Rwanda Energy Group |publisher=Rwanda Energy Group |ref=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == he60usdnw1mr08ofcxr04b8p3dvlvhr 841377 841375 2026-05-28T10:03:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 841377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Burera''' ko '''Bulera''' wani tafki ne da ke arewa maso yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], a kan iyaka da [[Uganda]] . Yana da fadin fili mai fadin murabba'in {{Convert|55|km2|sqmi|-1}} , ita ce tafki na biyu mafi girma gaba ɗaya a [[Ruwanda]] bayan Tafkin Ihema ( {{Convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1}} ). Idan aka yi la'akari da duk sauran tafkuna a ƙasar (gami da tafkuna da aka raba da wasu ƙasashe), zai zama na 5 mafi girma bayan [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] {{Convert|2700|km2|sqmi|-1}} tsakanin [[Ruwanda]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[tafkin Rweru]] tsakanin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]] a {{Convert|133|km2|sqmi|-1}} wanda {{Convert|47|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna Rwanda, Lake Ihema da tafkin Cohoha {{Convert|74|km2|sqmi|-1}} kuma an raba shi da [[Burundi]] wanda {{Convert|19|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna cikin Ruwanda. Tafkin yana cikin yankin da ke da cunkoson jama'a a Arewacin ƙasar a gundumar Burera wadda ta samo sunansa daga wannan tafkin. Babban birnin da ke cikin wannan wuri shine birnin Musanze {{Convert|25|km}} Yammacin tafkin. Tafkin Burera yana da iyaka da wuraren da ke da ruwa na [[Uganda]] a kan gangaren kudancin [[Dutsen Muhabura|Dutsen Muhavura]] a {{Convert|1860|m|ft|0}} na tsawo. Yana kwance a Arewa maso Gabas na tagwayensa Lake Ruhondo inda yake kwarara ta hanyar rafi da ake kira Ntaruka . Burera kusan ninki biyu ne fiye da Tafkin Ruhondo kuma duk da cewa kawai suna da mita 600, tabkuna biyu sun rabu da raguwa mai ban mamaki a tsawo na {{Convert|100|m|ft|0}}. Ntaruka rafi ne mai tsawon mita {{Convert|600|m|ft|0}} (1,969 wanda ke haɗa tabkuna biyu da saukowa na kimanin mita 100 a cikin . Saboda wannan faduwar, an gina tashar wutar lantarki a kan wannan rafi kuma tana samar da 11.5 MW.<ref name="Power Plant">{{Cite web |title=Power Plant |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/generation/power-plant/?tx_powermail_pi1%5Baction%5D=create&tx_powermail_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Form&cHash=2a8bace115ead5607620f166a9ae3b35 |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Rwanda Energy Group |publisher=Rwanda Energy Group |ref=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == j8451w42c6sd6sjscn352xtyf3jzdbe 0 152690 841376 2026-05-28T10:02:50Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353095206|Mike Ejeagha]]" 841376 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Mike Ejeagha''' (4 ga Afrilu 1930 – 6 ga Yuni 2025), wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Gentleman Mike Ejeagha'''</nowiki>, fitaccen masanin tatsuniyoyi, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙoƙi ne daga Najeriya. Ya fara harkar kiɗa ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri wajen bunƙasa salon kiɗan Igbo. == Rayuwa ta farko da ayyuka == An haifi Ejeagha ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1930 a Imezi Owa da ke [[Ezeagu]], a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]]. Mahaifinsa ma’aikacin gwamnati ne wanda yake aiki da Ma’aikatar Lafiya a Enugu. Ejeagha ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar St. Patrick’s Primary School da ke Ogbete, [[Enugu ta Kudu|Enugu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami yana kaɗa <nowiki>'''ogene''' tare da abokansa. A shekarar 1945 ya shiga wata ƙungiyar kiɗa ta gida a Enugu mai suna '''Coal Camp Boys'''</nowiki>. Bayan ya kammala karatun firamare a shekarar 1948, ya ci gaba da bin sha’awarsa ta kiɗa. A shekarar 1949 yana da shekaru 20, ya shiga koyon sana’ar gyaran gashi tare da abokinsa Cyprain Ozochiawa, wanda shi ma mai aski ne kuma mawaƙi. A wannan lokaci ne ya kuma koyi kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Agbanelo |first=Nnamdi |date=7 February 2019 |title=Mike Ejeagha - I won't risk my run during the war |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-47158577? |website=[[BBC Igbo]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1950, Joseph Ogbu ya gayyace shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsa a matsayin mai kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1" /> Bayan wani wasansa, Atu Ona, shugaban kula da shirye-shiryen Nigerian Broadcasting Service, ya gayyace shi domin gwaji, daga baya kuma aka ba shi shirin rediyo mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Guitar Playtime<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda yake rerawa tare da shirya shirye-shiryen kiɗa a rediyo. A wannan lokaci ne ya kafa ƙungiyarsa mai suna Premier Dance Band. A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]], Ejeagha ya rushe ƙungiyar kiɗa amma ya ci gaba da yin shirin rediyo na Igbo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Rediyon Najeriya]]. Saboda yakin, ya bar Enugu zuwa [[Umuahia]], inda ya zauna har sai yakin ya ƙare. Kafin yaƙin, Ejeagha ya saki mutane da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar CT Onyekwelu, gami da: "The unfortunate lady" (1957), "colliery massacre" (1959), da kuma "Ofu nwanne" (1959). <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Bayan yakin, [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] ta gayyace shi a matsayin mai gabatar da baƙo don shirin Igbo ''akuko N egwu'' a cikin 1972; shirin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin gargajiya da Ejeagha da ƙungiyarsa suka tsara. Shirin ya yi nasara kuma ya haifar da kalmar Igbo "Akuko Mike Ejeagha".<ref name=":0" /> Ejeagha yana kunna kiɗansa tare da guitar kuma an rubuta kalmominsa a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]]. Ya ba da gudummawa sama da rikodin ɗari uku ga [[Taskar Tarihi ta Najeriya|Tarihin Kasa na Najeriya]]. A cikin 2018, mawaƙin Najeriya [[Kcee (mawaki)|Kcee]] ya ziyarce shi don a ba shi izinin amfani da wasu waƙoƙinsa, ciki har da: "Ome ka agu" da "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche". A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2022, ''Pulse NG'' ta ba da rahoton cewa [[Documentary film|fim din]] game da Ejeagha mai taken Gentleman yana cikin samarwa. A watan Yulin 2024, waƙarsa ta 1983, "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche", ta sami karbuwa sosai saboda ƙalubalen rawa mai ban sha'awa wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brain Jotter ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=21 July 2024 |title=Mike Ejeagha's Classic 'Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche' Sparks Viral Dance Challenge |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/07/21/mike-ejeaghas-classic-ka-esi-le-onye-isi-oche/ |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=[[Channels Television]]}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2024, Peter Mbah ya sake ba da sunan Hanyar Abakpa bayan Ejeagha. == Rashin jituwa == Ejeagha yana da shari'ar kotu wacce aka kammala a shekarar 2013 tare da lakabin rikodin sa na Premier Records, sakamakon samar da bidiyon kiɗa ba tare da amincewar lakabin ba. An janye karar ne lokacin da Gwamnatin Jihar Enugu ta shiga tsakani a cikin lamarin. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Ejeagha ya auri matarsa ta farko a shekarar 1959, yana da 'ya'ya uku kafin mutuwarta a 1963. Ya sake yin aure a 1965 kuma yana da wasu 'ya'ya bakwai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Ejeagha ya mutu bayan dogon rashin lafiya a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], Najeriya, a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2025, yana da shekaru 95. == Bayanan da aka yi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  * Akanchawa * Uwa Ngbede Ka Mma * Elulube Lube * Nwa Ezi Mgbeke. * Aboki Ga Achi. * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a Uri Utaba. * Ife Nji M"Ogo * Atualu Omalu * Ebini New Ude * Mgba Enwude * Udeze nwa nnem * Ya ce, * Udo ka nma * Ome ka agu * Elulubelube * Makojo * Anene otulukpa * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wanda ya yi amfani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Mike Ejeaghafaifai aDiscogs {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ejeagha, Mike}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] 0fgnup3tyh07sokyjz2w44rlpe7wcu3 841382 841376 2026-05-28T10:03:59Z Al husuna 36457 841382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mike Ejeagha''' (4 ga Afrilu 1930 – 6 ga Yuni 2025), wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Gentleman Mike Ejeagha'''</nowiki>, fitaccen masanin tatsuniyoyi, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙoƙi ne daga Najeriya. Ya fara harkar kiɗa ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri wajen bunƙasa salon kiɗan Igbo. == Rayuwa ta farko da ayyuka == An haifi Ejeagha ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1930 a Imezi Owa da ke [[Ezeagu]], a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]]. Mahaifinsa ma’aikacin gwamnati ne wanda yake aiki da Ma’aikatar Lafiya a Enugu. Ejeagha ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar St. Patrick’s Primary School da ke Ogbete, [[Enugu ta Kudu|Enugu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami yana kaɗa <nowiki>'''ogene''' tare da abokansa. A shekarar 1945 ya shiga wata ƙungiyar kiɗa ta gida a Enugu mai suna '''Coal Camp Boys'''</nowiki>. Bayan ya kammala karatun firamare a shekarar 1948, ya ci gaba da bin sha’awarsa ta kiɗa. A shekarar 1949 yana da shekaru 20, ya shiga koyon sana’ar gyaran gashi tare da abokinsa Cyprain Ozochiawa, wanda shi ma mai aski ne kuma mawaƙi. A wannan lokaci ne ya kuma koyi kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Agbanelo |first=Nnamdi |date=7 February 2019 |title=Mike Ejeagha - I won't risk my run during the war |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-47158577? |website=[[BBC Igbo]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1950, Joseph Ogbu ya gayyace shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsa a matsayin mai kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1" /> Bayan wani wasansa, Atu Ona, shugaban kula da shirye-shiryen Nigerian Broadcasting Service, ya gayyace shi domin gwaji, daga baya kuma aka ba shi shirin rediyo mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Guitar Playtime<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda yake rerawa tare da shirya shirye-shiryen kiɗa a rediyo. A wannan lokaci ne ya kafa ƙungiyarsa mai suna Premier Dance Band. A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]], Ejeagha ya rushe ƙungiyar kiɗa amma ya ci gaba da yin shirin rediyo na Igbo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Rediyon Najeriya]]. Saboda yakin, ya bar Enugu zuwa [[Umuahia]], inda ya zauna har sai yakin ya ƙare. Kafin yaƙin, Ejeagha ya saki mutane da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar CT Onyekwelu, gami da: "The unfortunate lady" (1957), "colliery massacre" (1959), da kuma "Ofu nwanne" (1959). <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Bayan yakin, [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] ta gayyace shi a matsayin mai gabatar da baƙo don shirin Igbo ''akuko N egwu'' a cikin 1972; shirin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin gargajiya da Ejeagha da ƙungiyarsa suka tsara. Shirin ya yi nasara kuma ya haifar da kalmar Igbo "Akuko Mike Ejeagha".<ref name=":0" /> Ejeagha yana kunna kiɗansa tare da guitar kuma an rubuta kalmominsa a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]]. Ya ba da gudummawa sama da rikodin ɗari uku ga [[Taskar Tarihi ta Najeriya|Tarihin Kasa na Najeriya]]. A cikin 2018, mawaƙin Najeriya [[Kcee (mawaki)|Kcee]] ya ziyarce shi don a ba shi izinin amfani da wasu waƙoƙinsa, ciki har da: "Ome ka agu" da "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche". A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2022, ''Pulse NG'' ta ba da rahoton cewa [[Documentary film|fim din]] game da Ejeagha mai taken Gentleman yana cikin samarwa. A watan Yulin 2024, waƙarsa ta 1983, "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche", ta sami karbuwa sosai saboda ƙalubalen rawa mai ban sha'awa wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brain Jotter ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=21 July 2024 |title=Mike Ejeagha's Classic 'Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche' Sparks Viral Dance Challenge |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/07/21/mike-ejeaghas-classic-ka-esi-le-onye-isi-oche/ |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=[[Channels Television]]}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2024, Peter Mbah ya sake ba da sunan Hanyar Abakpa bayan Ejeagha. == Rashin jituwa == Ejeagha yana da shari'ar kotu wacce aka kammala a shekarar 2013 tare da lakabin rikodin sa na Premier Records, sakamakon samar da bidiyon kiɗa ba tare da amincewar lakabin ba. An janye karar ne lokacin da Gwamnatin Jihar Enugu ta shiga tsakani a cikin lamarin. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Ejeagha ya auri matarsa ta farko a shekarar 1959, yana da 'ya'ya uku kafin mutuwarta a 1963. Ya sake yin aure a 1965 kuma yana da wasu 'ya'ya bakwai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Ejeagha ya mutu bayan dogon rashin lafiya a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], Najeriya, a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2025, yana da shekaru 95. == Bayanan da aka yi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  * Akanchawa * Uwa Ngbede Ka Mma * Elulube Lube * Nwa Ezi Mgbeke. * Aboki Ga Achi. * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a Uri Utaba. * Ife Nji M"Ogo * Atualu Omalu * Ebini New Ude * Mgba Enwude * Udeze nwa nnem * Ya ce, * Udo ka nma * Ome ka agu * Elulubelube * Makojo * Anene otulukpa * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wanda ya yi amfani == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Mike Ejeaghafaifai aDiscogs {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ejeagha, Mike}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] rhee2xxkgdsd46pfpz2gghqof88b7al 841383 841382 2026-05-28T10:04:14Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mike Ejeagha''' (4 ga Afrilu 1930 – 6 ga Yuni 2025), wanda aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''Gentleman Mike Ejeagha'''</nowiki>, fitaccen masanin tatsuniyoyi, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙoƙi ne daga Najeriya. Ya fara harkar kiɗa ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu tasiri wajen bunƙasa salon kiɗan Igbo. == Rayuwa ta farko da ayyuka == An haifi Ejeagha ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1930 a Imezi Owa da ke [[Ezeagu]], a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]]. Mahaifinsa ma’aikacin gwamnati ne wanda yake aiki da Ma’aikatar Lafiya a Enugu. Ejeagha ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar St. Patrick’s Primary School da ke Ogbete, [[Enugu ta Kudu|Enugu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami yana kaɗa <nowiki>'''ogene''' tare da abokansa. A shekarar 1945 ya shiga wata ƙungiyar kiɗa ta gida a Enugu mai suna '''Coal Camp Boys'''</nowiki>. Bayan ya kammala karatun firamare a shekarar 1948, ya ci gaba da bin sha’awarsa ta kiɗa. A shekarar 1949 yana da shekaru 20, ya shiga koyon sana’ar gyaran gashi tare da abokinsa Cyprain Ozochiawa, wanda shi ma mai aski ne kuma mawaƙi. A wannan lokaci ne ya kuma koyi kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Agbanelo |first=Nnamdi |date=7 February 2019 |title=Mike Ejeagha - I won't risk my run during the war |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-47158577? |website=[[BBC Igbo]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1950, Joseph Ogbu ya gayyace shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsa a matsayin mai kaɗa guitar.<ref name=":1" /> Bayan wani wasansa, Atu Ona, shugaban kula da shirye-shiryen Nigerian Broadcasting Service, ya gayyace shi domin gwaji, daga baya kuma aka ba shi shirin rediyo mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Guitar Playtime<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda yake rerawa tare da shirya shirye-shiryen kiɗa a rediyo. A wannan lokaci ne ya kafa ƙungiyarsa mai suna Premier Dance Band. A lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]], Ejeagha ya rushe ƙungiyar kiɗa amma ya ci gaba da yin shirin rediyo na Igbo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Rediyon Najeriya]]. Saboda yakin, ya bar Enugu zuwa [[Umuahia]], inda ya zauna har sai yakin ya ƙare. Kafin yaƙin, Ejeagha ya saki mutane da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar CT Onyekwelu, gami da: "The unfortunate lady" (1957), "colliery massacre" (1959), da kuma "Ofu nwanne" (1959). <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Bayan yakin, [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya]] ta gayyace shi a matsayin mai gabatar da baƙo don shirin Igbo ''akuko N egwu'' a cikin 1972; shirin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙin gargajiya da Ejeagha da ƙungiyarsa suka tsara. Shirin ya yi nasara kuma ya haifar da kalmar Igbo "Akuko Mike Ejeagha".<ref name=":0" /> Ejeagha yana kunna kiɗansa tare da guitar kuma an rubuta kalmominsa a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]]. Ya ba da gudummawa sama da rikodin ɗari uku ga [[Taskar Tarihi ta Najeriya|Tarihin Kasa na Najeriya]]. A cikin 2018, mawaƙin Najeriya [[Kcee (mawaki)|Kcee]] ya ziyarce shi don a ba shi izinin amfani da wasu waƙoƙinsa, ciki har da: "Ome ka agu" da "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche". A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2022, ''Pulse NG'' ta ba da rahoton cewa [[Documentary film|fim din]] game da Ejeagha mai taken Gentleman yana cikin samarwa. A watan Yulin 2024, waƙarsa ta 1983, "Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche", ta sami karbuwa sosai saboda ƙalubalen rawa mai ban sha'awa wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brain Jotter ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=21 July 2024 |title=Mike Ejeagha's Classic 'Ka Esi Le Onye Isi Oche' Sparks Viral Dance Challenge |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/07/21/mike-ejeaghas-classic-ka-esi-le-onye-isi-oche/ |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=[[Channels Television]]}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2024, Peter Mbah ya sake ba da sunan Hanyar Abakpa bayan Ejeagha. == Rashin jituwa == Ejeagha yana da shari'ar kotu wacce aka kammala a shekarar 2013 tare da lakabin rikodin sa na Premier Records, sakamakon samar da bidiyon kiɗa ba tare da amincewar lakabin ba. An janye karar ne lokacin da Gwamnatin Jihar Enugu ta shiga tsakani a cikin lamarin. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Ejeagha ya auri matarsa ta farko a shekarar 1959, yana da 'ya'ya uku kafin mutuwarta a 1963. Ya sake yin aure a 1965 kuma yana da wasu 'ya'ya bakwai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ezeafulukwe |first=Olivia |date=1 January 2013 |title=Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEzeafulukwe2013">Ezeafulukwe, Olivia (1 January 2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339303090 "Mike Ejeagha in the Advancement of Nigerian Oral Literature"]. ''[[ResearchGate]]''.</cite></ref> Ejeagha ya mutu bayan dogon rashin lafiya a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], Najeriya, a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2025, yana da shekaru 95. == Bayanan da aka yi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  * Akanchawa * Uwa Ngbede Ka Mma * Elulube Lube * Nwa Ezi Mgbeke. * Aboki Ga Achi. * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a Uri Utaba. * Ife Nji M"Ogo * Atualu Omalu * Ebini New Ude * Mgba Enwude * Udeze nwa nnem * Ya ce, * Udo ka nma * Ome ka agu * Elulubelube * Makojo * Anene otulukpa * Wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin wanda ya yi amfani == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Mike Ejeaghafaifai aDiscogs {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ejeagha, Mike}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] eacf85nmzd03w1n61kxc2fm2g3q9gtw 0 152691 841378 2026-05-28T10:03:19Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326074366|Camarinal Sill]]" 841378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camarinal Sill''' ita ce mashigin da ya raba [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . Wannan mashigin shine mafi zurfin ƙasan teku tsakanin Tekun Iberian da [[Afirka]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 25 yamma da mafi kunkuntar ɓangaren mashigar Gibraltar da kuma kilomita 20 gabas da Espartel Sill, a Kafuwarta tana da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa ta Zanclean da kuma kawo ƙarshen rikicin gishirin Messinian, lokacin da aka sake cika Bahar Rum ba zato ba tsammani ta cikin Mashigin Gibraltar, inda aka tono kwazazzabo mai zurfin mita 900 da ke ƙarƙashin ruwan . <ref name="Elsevier">{{Cite web |title=The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 |website=Science Direct}}</ref> <ref name="Researchgate">{{Cite web |title=Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait |via=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> Wani hasashe mai karo da juna ya nuna cewa kwazazzabon da Camarinal Sill sakamakon zaizayar ruwa ne a lokacin da aka lalata Bahar Rum (matsalar gishirin Messinian). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ruwan teku dole ne ya hau zuwa wannan zurfin lokacin da yake gudana tsakanin yankunan teku guda biyu.<ref name="Elsevier">{{Cite web |title=The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 |website=Science Direct}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 "The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al"]. ''Science Direct''.</cite></ref><ref name="Researchgate">{{Cite web |title=Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait |via=www.researchgate.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait "Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait"] &#x2013; via www.researchgate.net.</cite></ref> A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jirgin ruwa na karkashin ruwa sun yi amfani da halin yanzu na sama da na ƙasa don shiga da fita daga Tekun Bahar Rum ba tare da amfani da injinsu ba, don kauce wa lura da su daga farfajiya. An ba da shawarar sill ɗin ya zama wurin da ake tsammani Strait of Gibraltar ramin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=Morocco-Spain undersea tunnel project deemed technically feasible despite €8.5 billion cost – The North Africa Post |url=https://northafricapost.com/92723-morocco-spain-undersea-tunnel-project-deemed-technically-feasible-despite-e8-5-billion-cost.html |access-date=2025-12-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == lcsxf06nv10fkzat3a2b05bbxinpe3l 841380 841378 2026-05-28T10:03:36Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Camarinal Sill''' ita ce mashigin da ya raba [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . Wannan mashigin shine mafi zurfin ƙasan teku tsakanin Tekun Iberian da [[Afirka]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 25 yamma da mafi kunkuntar ɓangaren mashigar Gibraltar da kuma kilomita 20 gabas da Espartel Sill, a Kafuwarta tana da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa ta Zanclean da kuma kawo ƙarshen rikicin gishirin Messinian, lokacin da aka sake cika Bahar Rum ba zato ba tsammani ta cikin Mashigin Gibraltar, inda aka tono kwazazzabo mai zurfin mita 900 da ke ƙarƙashin ruwan . <ref name="Elsevier">{{Cite web |title=The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 |website=Science Direct}}</ref> <ref name="Researchgate">{{Cite web |title=Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait |via=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> Wani hasashe mai karo da juna ya nuna cewa kwazazzabon da Camarinal Sill sakamakon zaizayar ruwa ne a lokacin da aka lalata Bahar Rum (matsalar gishirin Messinian). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ruwan teku dole ne ya hau zuwa wannan zurfin lokacin da yake gudana tsakanin yankunan teku guda biyu.<ref name="Elsevier">{{Cite web |title=The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 |website=Science Direct}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967064502001443 "The boiling-water phenomena at Camarinal Sill, the strait of Gibraltar. Bruno, Juan-Alonso, Cózarb, et al"]. ''Science Direct''.</cite></ref><ref name="Researchgate">{{Cite web |title=Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait |via=www.researchgate.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227266613_Morphology_and_structure_of_the_Camarinal_Sill_from_high-resolution_bathymetry_Evidence_of_fault_zones_in_the_Gibraltar_Strait "Morphology and structure of the Camarinal Sill from high-resolution bathymetry: Evidence of fault zones in the Gibraltar Strait"] &#x2013; via www.researchgate.net.</cite></ref> A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jirgin ruwa na karkashin ruwa sun yi amfani da halin yanzu na sama da na ƙasa don shiga da fita daga Tekun Bahar Rum ba tare da amfani da injinsu ba, don kauce wa lura da su daga farfajiya. An ba da shawarar sill ɗin ya zama wurin da ake tsammani Strait of Gibraltar ramin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=Morocco-Spain undersea tunnel project deemed technically feasible despite €8.5 billion cost – The North Africa Post |url=https://northafricapost.com/92723-morocco-spain-undersea-tunnel-project-deemed-technically-feasible-despite-e8-5-billion-cost.html |access-date=2025-12-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == rvhtglb0i97131uywogoxz5c4t9t2vw 0 152692 841379 2026-05-28T10:03:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302700638|Lake Ihema]]" 841379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ihema''' wani tafki ne da ke gabashin [[Ruwanda]], a kan iyaka da [[Tanzaniya]] . Tafkin yana cikin dausayin [[Kogin Kagera]] inda yake kwarara ta cikin wani ƙaramin magudanar ruwa. Yana da fadin fili {{Convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1}} , ita ce tafki mafi girma gaba ɗaya a [[Ruwanda]] . Idan aka yi la'akari da duk sauran tafkuna a ƙasar (gami da tafkuna da aka raba da sauran ƙasashe), zai zama ta uku mafi girma bayan [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] {{Convert|2700|km2|sqmi|-1}} tsakanin [[Ruwanda]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da [[tafkin Rweru]] tsakanin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]] a {{Convert|133|km2|sqmi|-1}} wanda {{Convert|47|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna cikin Rwanda. Tafkin yana cikin gundumar Kayonza a kudancin Akagera National Park wanda ya ƙunshi tafkuna fiye da goma sha biyu, wanda Ihema shine mafi girma. Tafkin yana da wadataccen halittu, ban da kifi. Gida ce ga Hippopotamuses da crocodiles. Yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 550, gami da nau'o'in ban mamaki kamar su shoebill (''Balaeniceps rex'') da papyrus gonolek (''Laniarius mufumbiri''). Daga cikin nau'o'in da ke cikin yankin, akwai [[Ibis|Ibises]], Jacanas, herons, plovers, sandpipers, malachite kingfishers, [[Shaho|Hawks]] da sauransu da yawa.<ref name="Lake Ihema">{{Cite web |last=Sehene |first=Jean Chrysostome |title=Lake Ihema – Rwanda |url=https://www.globalnature.org/35615/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/resindex.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630061525/http://www.globalnature.org/35615/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/resindex.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Global Nature Fund |publisher=Rwanda Environmental Conservation Organisation (RECOR) |ref=1}}</ref> == Manazarta == d7pdj0o0rs9s2j1wk6fanji2pd65a51 841381 841379 2026-05-28T10:03:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ihema''' wani tafki ne da ke gabashin [[Ruwanda]], a kan iyaka da [[Tanzaniya]] . Tafkin yana cikin dausayin [[Kogin Kagera]] inda yake kwarara ta cikin wani ƙaramin magudanar ruwa. Yana da fadin fili {{Convert|100|km2|sqmi|-1}} , ita ce tafki mafi girma gaba ɗaya a [[Ruwanda]] . Idan aka yi la'akari da duk sauran tafkuna a ƙasar (gami da tafkuna da aka raba da sauran ƙasashe), zai zama ta uku mafi girma bayan [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] {{Convert|2700|km2|sqmi|-1}} tsakanin [[Ruwanda]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da [[tafkin Rweru]] tsakanin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]] a {{Convert|133|km2|sqmi|-1}} wanda {{Convert|47|km2|sqmi|-1}} kawai daga cikinsu suna cikin Rwanda. Tafkin yana cikin gundumar Kayonza a kudancin Akagera National Park wanda ya ƙunshi tafkuna fiye da goma sha biyu, wanda Ihema shine mafi girma. Tafkin yana da wadataccen halittu, ban da kifi. Gida ce ga Hippopotamuses da crocodiles. Yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 550, gami da nau'o'in ban mamaki kamar su shoebill (''Balaeniceps rex'') da papyrus gonolek (''Laniarius mufumbiri''). Daga cikin nau'o'in da ke cikin yankin, akwai [[Ibis|Ibises]], Jacanas, herons, plovers, sandpipers, malachite kingfishers, [[Shaho|Hawks]] da sauransu da yawa.<ref name="Lake Ihema">{{Cite web |last=Sehene |first=Jean Chrysostome |title=Lake Ihema – Rwanda |url=https://www.globalnature.org/35615/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/resindex.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630061525/http://www.globalnature.org/35615/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Ihema/resindex.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Global Nature Fund |publisher=Rwanda Environmental Conservation Organisation (RECOR) |ref=1}}</ref> == Manazarta == o19yhrm93wpg0wmugxkus44epeofehf 0 152693 841384 2026-05-28T10:04:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348197050|Lake Birira]]" 841384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Birira''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Tafkin Birara''' ko '''Tafkin Bilira''' ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac Birira |url=http://www.getamap.net/maps/rwanda/kibungo/_birira_lac/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=getamap.net}}</ref> wani tafki ne a [[Ruwanda]], wanda ke lardin Gabas da gundumar Ngoma . A wasu majiyoyi, ana kuma kiran tafkin da Lac Bilira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac Bilira |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_bilira,203161 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=GeoView}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Birira wani bangare ne na Upper Kagera Lakes Complex, ƙungiyar tabkuna da aka rarraba a duk faɗin Rwanda da Burundi.<ref name="fao-complex">{{Cite web |title=The Upper Kagera Lakes Complex |url=https://www.fao.org/4/t0473e/T0473E10.htm |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa |publisher=FAO}}</ref> Haɗin ya haɗa da wasu tabkuna kamar Gaharwa da Gashanga a Rwanda, da Ingitamo, Kacamurinda, Kanzigiri, Lirwihinda, da Rungazi a Burundi.<ref name="fao-complex" /> Tafkin yana da tsawo na mita 1,350 sama da matakin teku kuma yana cikin ɓangaren tsarin kogin Kagera. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] cknmwpnkx0u2vtkdvtl1z4zrojg6a1b 841385 841384 2026-05-28T10:04:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 841385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Birira''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Tafkin Birara''' ko '''Tafkin Bilira''' ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac Birira |url=http://www.getamap.net/maps/rwanda/kibungo/_birira_lac/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=getamap.net}}</ref> wani tafki ne a [[Ruwanda]], wanda ke lardin Gabas da gundumar Ngoma . A wasu majiyoyi, ana kuma kiran tafkin da Lac Bilira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac Bilira |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_bilira,203161 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=GeoView}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Birira wani bangare ne na Upper Kagera Lakes Complex, ƙungiyar tabkuna da aka rarraba a duk faɗin Rwanda da Burundi.<ref name="fao-complex">{{Cite web |title=The Upper Kagera Lakes Complex |url=https://www.fao.org/4/t0473e/T0473E10.htm |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa |publisher=FAO}}</ref> Haɗin ya haɗa da wasu tabkuna kamar Gaharwa da Gashanga a Rwanda, da Ingitamo, Kacamurinda, Kanzigiri, Lirwihinda, da Rungazi a Burundi.<ref name="fao-complex" /> Tafkin yana da tsawo na mita 1,350 sama da matakin teku kuma yana cikin ɓangaren tsarin kogin Kagera. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] dc4bmkej3cerglbe90n3atv733mcr9y 0 152694 841386 2026-05-28T10:04:48Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354838883|Atlantropa]]" 841386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Atlantropa''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Panropa''', babban ra'ayin injiniyanci ne da mulkin mallaka wanda [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|mai zane-zanen]] [[Jamus]] Herman Sörgel ya ƙirƙiro a shekarun 1920, kuma ya inganta har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1952. Shawarar ta haɗa da madatsun ruwa da yawa a muhimman wurare a Tekun Bahar Rum, kamar Mashigin Gibraltar da Bosporus, don haifar da raguwar [[Sea level|matakin teku]] da kuma dawo da ƙasa . == Zane == [[Fayil:Atlantropa.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayin mai zane game da yadda Atlantropa zai iya kama kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya]] Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai a shirin Atlantropa shi ne gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a fadin mashigar Gibraltar, wadda za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa kuma za ta haifar da raguwar saman [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da tsawon {{Convert|200|m}}, buɗe manyan sabbin wurare na filaye don zama, kamar a Tekun Adriatic . An kuma gabatar da wasu manyan madatsun ruwa guda huɗu: Sörgel ya ga makircinsa, wanda aka tsara zai dauki fiye da ƙarni, a matsayin hanyar samar da ƙasa, abinci, aiki da wutar lantarki, tare da ƙirƙirar sabon hangen nesa ga Turai da makwabciyar Afirka. Shirin Atlantropa, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an nuna shi da abubuwa huɗu: Taimako mai aiki ya iyakance ga gine-gine da masu tsarawa daga Jamus da wasu ƙasashe da yawa na Arewacin Turai. Masu sukar sun yi masa ba'a saboda kuskuren daban-daban, gami da rashin hadin gwiwar kasashen Bahar Rum a cikin shirin, da kuma tasirin da zai kasance a kan al'ummomin bakin teku waɗanda za su makale a cikin ƙasa lokacin da teku ta koma baya. Shirin ya kai babban shahara a ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, kuma a takaice a ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1950s, amma bayan mutuwar Sörgel ya ɓace daga magana ta gaba ɗaya. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Peter_Behrens,_Atlantropa_Pantropa_01.jpg|thumb|Sabbin makullin da Sörgel ya gabatar a madatsar ruwan Gibraltar]] Manufar Sörgel ita ce ta warware dukkan manyan matsalolin wayewar [[Turai]] ta hanyar kirkirar sabuwar nahiyar, "Atlantropa", wacce ta kunshi Turai da [[Afirka]], don Turawa su zauna. Sörgel ya gamsu cewa don ci gaba da yin gasa tare da Amurka da kuma "Pan-Asia" na Gabas, Turai tana buƙatar zama mai wadatar da kansa, wanda a ra'ayinsa yana nufin mallakar yankuna a duk yankunan yanayi. A ra'ayin Sörgel, Asiya za ta kasance asiri ga Turawa har abada, kuma Burtaniya ba za ta iya kula da daularsu ta duniya ba a cikin dogon lokaci, don haka ya ba da shawarar ƙoƙarin Turai na mulkin mallaka na Afirka. Ragewar Bahar Rum zai ba da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa, tabbatar da ci gaban masana'antu. Ba kamar man fetur ba, tushen wutar lantarki ba zai kasance mai lalacewa ba. Za a saki manyan yankuna don noma, gami da Sahara, wanda za a ban ruwa tare da taimakon tabkuna uku da aka yi da teku a Afirka. Ayyukan jama'a masu yawa, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da su don ci gaba da fiye da ƙarni guda, sun kasance don sauƙaƙe rashin aikin yi, da kuma samun sabuwar ƙasa don sauƙaƙa matsin Yawan jama'a, wanda Sörgel ya yi tunanin shine ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali na siyasa a Turai. Ya kuma yi imanin cewa tasirin da ya bayar a kan yanayi zai iya zama mai fa'ida ne kawai, kuma za'a iya canza yanayin don mafi kyau har zuwa nesa kamar yadda Tsibirin Burtaniya, kamar yadda mafi inganci Gulf Stream zai haifar da hunturu mai zafi. [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], a ƙarƙashin ikon Atlantropa mai ƙarfi, ya zama ƙarin tushen makamashi da kuma kariya ga Yellow Peril. Abubuwan tallace-tallace da Sörgel da magoya bayansa suka samar wa Atlantropa sun ƙunshi tsare-tsare, taswira da samfuran sikelin madatsun ruwa da yawa da sabbin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan Bahar Rum, ra'ayoyin madatsar Gibraltar da aka ɗora da hasumiya mai mita 400 (1,300 wanda Peter Behrens ya tsara, tsinkaya don ci gaban samar da aikin gona, zane-zane don grid na wutar lantarki na Pan-Atlantropan, har ma da tanadi don kare [[Venezia|Venice]] a matsayin alamar al'adu. Damuwa game da canjin yanayi ko girgizar ƙasa, lokacin da aka ambata, an tsara su a matsayin masu kyau maimakon marasa kyau. Littafin Sörgel na 1938 {{Lang|de|Die drei großen A}} yana da ambaton daga Hitler a kan flyleaf don nuna cewa ra'ayin ya dace da akidar Nazi. 0tuwwq5ha726u5n90t78k07o5jfqv0m 841387 841386 2026-05-28T10:05:04Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Atlantropa''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Panropa''', babban ra'ayin injiniyanci ne da mulkin mallaka wanda [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|mai zane-zanen]] [[Jamus]] Herman Sörgel ya ƙirƙiro a shekarun 1920, kuma ya inganta har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1952. Shawarar ta haɗa da madatsun ruwa da yawa a muhimman wurare a Tekun Bahar Rum, kamar Mashigin Gibraltar da Bosporus, don haifar da raguwar [[Sea level|matakin teku]] da kuma dawo da ƙasa . == Zane == [[Fayil:Atlantropa.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayin mai zane game da yadda Atlantropa zai iya kama kamar yadda aka gani daga sararin samaniya]] Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai a shirin Atlantropa shi ne gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a fadin mashigar Gibraltar, wadda za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa kuma za ta haifar da raguwar saman [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] da tsawon {{Convert|200|m}}, buɗe manyan sabbin wurare na filaye don zama, kamar a Tekun Adriatic . An kuma gabatar da wasu manyan madatsun ruwa guda huɗu: Sörgel ya ga makircinsa, wanda aka tsara zai dauki fiye da ƙarni, a matsayin hanyar samar da ƙasa, abinci, aiki da wutar lantarki, tare da ƙirƙirar sabon hangen nesa ga Turai da makwabciyar Afirka. Shirin Atlantropa, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an nuna shi da abubuwa huɗu: Taimako mai aiki ya iyakance ga gine-gine da masu tsarawa daga Jamus da wasu ƙasashe da yawa na Arewacin Turai. Masu sukar sun yi masa ba'a saboda kuskuren daban-daban, gami da rashin hadin gwiwar kasashen Bahar Rum a cikin shirin, da kuma tasirin da zai kasance a kan al'ummomin bakin teku waɗanda za su makale a cikin ƙasa lokacin da teku ta koma baya. Shirin ya kai babban shahara a ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, kuma a takaice a ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1950s, amma bayan mutuwar Sörgel ya ɓace daga magana ta gaba ɗaya. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Peter_Behrens,_Atlantropa_Pantropa_01.jpg|thumb|Sabbin makullin da Sörgel ya gabatar a madatsar ruwan Gibraltar]] Manufar Sörgel ita ce ta warware dukkan manyan matsalolin wayewar [[Turai]] ta hanyar kirkirar sabuwar nahiyar, "Atlantropa", wacce ta kunshi Turai da [[Afirka]], don Turawa su zauna. Sörgel ya gamsu cewa don ci gaba da yin gasa tare da Amurka da kuma "Pan-Asia" na Gabas, Turai tana buƙatar zama mai wadatar da kansa, wanda a ra'ayinsa yana nufin mallakar yankuna a duk yankunan yanayi. A ra'ayin Sörgel, Asiya za ta kasance asiri ga Turawa har abada, kuma Burtaniya ba za ta iya kula da daularsu ta duniya ba a cikin dogon lokaci, don haka ya ba da shawarar ƙoƙarin Turai na mulkin mallaka na Afirka. Ragewar Bahar Rum zai ba da damar samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa, tabbatar da ci gaban masana'antu. Ba kamar man fetur ba, tushen wutar lantarki ba zai kasance mai lalacewa ba. Za a saki manyan yankuna don noma, gami da Sahara, wanda za a ban ruwa tare da taimakon tabkuna uku da aka yi da teku a Afirka. Ayyukan jama'a masu yawa, waɗanda aka yi la'akari da su don ci gaba da fiye da ƙarni guda, sun kasance don sauƙaƙe rashin aikin yi, da kuma samun sabuwar ƙasa don sauƙaƙa matsin Yawan jama'a, wanda Sörgel ya yi tunanin shine ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali na siyasa a Turai. Ya kuma yi imanin cewa tasirin da ya bayar a kan yanayi zai iya zama mai fa'ida ne kawai, kuma za'a iya canza yanayin don mafi kyau har zuwa nesa kamar yadda Tsibirin Burtaniya, kamar yadda mafi inganci Gulf Stream zai haifar da hunturu mai zafi. [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], a ƙarƙashin ikon Atlantropa mai ƙarfi, ya zama ƙarin tushen makamashi da kuma kariya ga Yellow Peril. Abubuwan tallace-tallace da Sörgel da magoya bayansa suka samar wa Atlantropa sun ƙunshi tsare-tsare, taswira da samfuran sikelin madatsun ruwa da yawa da sabbin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan Bahar Rum, ra'ayoyin madatsar Gibraltar da aka ɗora da hasumiya mai mita 400 (1,300 wanda Peter Behrens ya tsara, tsinkaya don ci gaban samar da aikin gona, zane-zane don grid na wutar lantarki na Pan-Atlantropan, har ma da tanadi don kare [[Venezia|Venice]] a matsayin alamar al'adu. Damuwa game da canjin yanayi ko girgizar ƙasa, lokacin da aka ambata, an tsara su a matsayin masu kyau maimakon marasa kyau. Littafin Sörgel na 1938 {{Lang|de|Die drei großen A}} yana da ambaton daga Hitler a kan flyleaf don nuna cewa ra'ayin ya dace da akidar Nazi. ca2iqvqpxhver72l0qlzzrzk5zau01w 0 152695 841388 2026-05-28T10:05:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348195922|Lake Cyambwe]]" 841388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Cyambwe''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Rwehikama''') tafki ne da ke cikin Lardin Gabashin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], a cikin Gundumar Kayonza, kusa da garin Rwamatare . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201445.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin yana da yanki na 22.6 km2 kuma yana kwance a tsawo na kimanin mita 1,286 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe AFR-255 |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake/AFR-255 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=World Lake Database, ILEC}}</ref> An bayar da rahoton tsawonta kusan kilomita 38.59.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/akagera-village/lake-cyambwe |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Sandee}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Cyambwe yana cikin Gundumar Kayonza a Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, kusa da garin Rwamatare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201445.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin tsawo na kimanin mita 1,286 sama da matakin teku, kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar bayanan samfurin tsawo na dijital. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Akagera wetland complex, wanda ke cikin rukunin tabkuna wanda ya haɗa da makwabta Lake Nasho da Lake Mpanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe (water) |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_cyambwe,16162370r |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=rw.geoview.info}}</ref> Shirin ban ruwa na ETI Mpanga yana tsakanin Tafkin Mpanga da tafkin Cyambwe, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Kogin Kagera|Kogin Akagera]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nsengiyumva |first=J. N. |display-authors=et al |year=2025 |title=Geospatial analysis of soil hydraulic properties in the ETI Mpanga irrigation scheme of Rwanda |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44378-025-00115-7 |journal=Discover Applied Sciences |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> == Muhalli da amfani == Tafkin Cyambwe an haɗa shi a cikin tabkuna na Nasho Basin, tare da Nasho, Mpanga, Kagese, da Rwakibare . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress Report on [Fisheries] |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/rwa151563.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=FAOLEX |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization}}</ref> Tare da wasu tabkuna a cikin ƙananan tsarin [[Kogin Kagera|Akagera]], tafkin ya zama muhimmin yanki na kamun kifi a Rwanda, tare da sanannun amfanin kifi da aka rubuta tare da tabkuna Ihema, Rwanyakizinga, Mihindi, Nasho, da Rwampanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBD Fifth National Report – Rwanda (English version) |url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/rw/rw-nr-05-en.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Convention on Biological Diversity}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] * Tafkin Nasho * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] st0gu18i1mlbe12owwx2de98a7kj3xm 841390 841388 2026-05-28T10:05:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Cyambwe''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Rwehikama''') tafki ne da ke cikin Lardin Gabashin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], a cikin Gundumar Kayonza, kusa da garin Rwamatare . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201445.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin yana da yanki na 22.6 km2 kuma yana kwance a tsawo na kimanin mita 1,286 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe AFR-255 |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake/AFR-255 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=World Lake Database, ILEC}}</ref> An bayar da rahoton tsawonta kusan kilomita 38.59.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/akagera-village/lake-cyambwe |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Sandee}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Cyambwe yana cikin Gundumar Kayonza a Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, kusa da garin Rwamatare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201445.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin tsawo na kimanin mita 1,286 sama da matakin teku, kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar bayanan samfurin tsawo na dijital. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Akagera wetland complex, wanda ke cikin rukunin tabkuna wanda ya haɗa da makwabta Lake Nasho da Lake Mpanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Cyambwe (water) |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_cyambwe,16162370r |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=rw.geoview.info}}</ref> Shirin ban ruwa na ETI Mpanga yana tsakanin Tafkin Mpanga da tafkin Cyambwe, kuma yana da iyaka da [[Kogin Kagera|Kogin Akagera]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nsengiyumva |first=J. N. |display-authors=et al |year=2025 |title=Geospatial analysis of soil hydraulic properties in the ETI Mpanga irrigation scheme of Rwanda |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44378-025-00115-7 |journal=Discover Applied Sciences |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> == Muhalli da amfani == Tafkin Cyambwe an haɗa shi a cikin tabkuna na Nasho Basin, tare da Nasho, Mpanga, Kagese, da Rwakibare . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Progress Report on [Fisheries] |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/rwa151563.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=FAOLEX |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization}}</ref> Tare da wasu tabkuna a cikin ƙananan tsarin [[Kogin Kagera|Akagera]], tafkin ya zama muhimmin yanki na kamun kifi a Rwanda, tare da sanannun amfanin kifi da aka rubuta tare da tabkuna Ihema, Rwanyakizinga, Mihindi, Nasho, da Rwampanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBD Fifth National Report – Rwanda (English version) |url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/rw/rw-nr-05-en.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Convention on Biological Diversity}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] * Tafkin Nasho * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] 8bgplw0v0seyzzxk0kx6urhsziealaw 0 152696 841391 2026-05-28T10:05:56Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309158676|Bas Saharan Basin]]" 841391 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bas Saharan Basin''' ( Arabic ) wani tsarin ruwa ne na artesian wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan [[Sahara|Saharar]] [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] da [[Tunisiya]] kuma ya fadada zuwa [[Libya]], wanda ya mamaye dukkan Babban Gabashin Erg . == Manazarta == ico03ekvckquhbqp7pc7r3zpv9ww1ha 841392 841391 2026-05-28T10:06:16Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Bas Saharan Basin''' ( Arabic ) wani tsarin ruwa ne na artesian wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan [[Sahara|Saharar]] [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] da [[Tunisiya]] kuma ya fadada zuwa [[Libya]], wanda ya mamaye dukkan Babban Gabashin Erg . == Manazarta == f5pcxu3rq2lpl5wvvxvzuzu94q7u7ri 0 152697 841393 2026-05-28T10:07:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353384762|Oasis of the Seas]]" 841393 wikitext text/x-wiki Jirgin ruwan '''''Oasis of the Seas''''' wani [[JIRGIN RUWA NA FASINJA DON SHKATAWA SHAKATWA|jirgin ruwa]] ne da Royal Caribbean International ke sarrafawa. Ita ce ta farko a cikin ajin ta, ajin ''Oasis'', wanda jiragen ruwan sa suka kasance manyan jiragen fasinja a duniya, har sai da aka zarce su a shekarar 2024 ta hannun <nowiki><i id="mwfg">Icon</i></nowiki> . An shimfida jirgin ruwan ta a watan Nuwamba na 2007 kuma an kammala ta aka kai ta Royal Caribbean a watan Oktoba na 2009. A lokacin ginin, ''Oasis of the Seas'' ta kafa sabon tarihi na ɗaukar fasinjoji 6,669. <ref name="usatoday20100408">{{Cite web |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=8 April 2010 |title=Record set as Oasis of the Seas sails with more than 6,000 passengers |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/post/2010/04/record-set-as-oasis-of-the-seas-sails-with-more-than-6000-passengers/87141/1 |access-date=14 August 2010 |website=[[USA Today]] |series=Cruise Log}}</ref> Ta haɗu da jiragen ruwa na ''Allure of the Seas'' a watan Disamba na 2010, ''Harmony of the Seas'' a watan Mayu na 2016, ''Symphony of the Seas'' a watan Afrilu na 2018, da ''Wonder of the Seas'' a watan Maris na 2022, da kuma ''Utopia of the Seas'' a watan Yuli na 2024. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2024, ''Oasis of the Seas'' tana gudanar da tafiye-tafiye a [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Everglades da ke Fort Lauderdale, Florida, da kuma Cape Liberty (Bayonne), New Jersey. ''Oasis of the Seas'' surpassed the Freedom-class cruise ships (also owned by Royal Caribbean) to become the largest cruise ship in the world at that time. Later, ''Oasis of the Seas'' was surpassed by ''Allure of the Seas'' by 50 millimetres (2 inches).<ref name="shipgaz23">{{Cite journal |last=Sjöström |first=Pär-Henrik |date=10 December 2010 |title=Larger than her sister |url=http://issuu.com/shipgaz/docs/shipgaz6_2010 |url-status=dead |journal=Shipgaz |issue=6 |page=22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319094736/https://issuu.com/shipgaz/docs/shipgaz6_2010 |archive-date=19 March 2016 |access-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> In May 2016, her second sister ship ''Harmony of the Seas'' became the new record holder with a length of {{Convert|362.12|m|ft}}, and in March 2018, ''Symphony of the Seas'', the fourth member of the ''Oasis'' class, became the new world's largest cruise ship with a length of 361.012 m (1,184.42 ft) and a tonnage of 228,081 GT. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Oasis_of_the_Seas_(15397828812).jpg|alt=Oasis of the Seas at night|right|thumb|Oasis of the Seas da dare kafin gyare-gyare]] An ba da umarnin jirgin a watan Fabrairun 2006 kuma an tsara shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Project Genesis".<ref name="nortrade">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2006 |title=Royal Caribbean orders a giant cruise vessel from Aker Yards |url=http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/news/royal-caribbean-orders-a-giant-cruise-vessel-from-aker-yards/ |access-date=8 March 2016 |website=Nortrade |publisher=Media Digital AS}}</ref> STX Europe Turku Shipyard, [[Finland]] ce ta kwantar da ita a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2007. Kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa an sami cikakken kudade don Oasis of the Seas a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2009.<ref name="oasis20090415">{{Cite web |last=Fain |first=Richard |date=15 April 2009 |title=Thanks a Billion |url=http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/chairmans-blog/?p=216 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128102724/http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/chairmans-blog/?p=216 |archive-date=28 November 2009 |access-date=12 June 2009 |publisher=Royal Caribbean International}}</ref> Sunan Oasis of the Seas ya samo asali ne daga gasar da aka gudanar a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008. <ref name="clog100112">{{Cite web |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=23 May 2008 |title=Royal Caribbean's next ships will be Oasis, Allure |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/post/2008/05/royal-caribbeans-next-ships-will-be-oasis-allure-/772912/1 |access-date=19 July 2012 |website=[[USA Today]] |series=Cruise Log}}</ref> An sanya sunan jirgin a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2009 yayin aikin sadaka na Gidauniyar Make-A-Wish. A wannan bikin jirgin ya dauki nauyin "godmothers" guda bakwai, kowannensu yana wakiltar ɗayan unguwanni bakwai da ke cikin jirgin. Uwargidanta sune [[Gloria Estefan]], Michelle Kwan, Dara Torres, Keshia Knight Pulliam, Shawn Johnson, Jane Seymour da Daisy Fuentes.<ref name="article2746230">{{Cite web |title=Her går gigantskipet hårfint under |trans-title=Here goes the giant ship under narrowly |url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article2746230.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308142946/http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article2746230.ece |archive-date=8 March 2010 |access-date=13 August 2010 |publisher=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> A lokacin da jirgin ya fara fitowa daga jirgin ruwan Jiragen ruwa da ke jan jirgin daga tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasa sarrafa jirgin, wanda ya haifar da gefen tashar jiragen sama na jirgin ya buga tashar jiragen kasa. Wannan ya haifar da wasu lalacewar kayan kwalliya da ƙananan lalacewar kwalliya, wanda aka gyara kuma bai shafi ranar isar da jirgin ba.<ref name="worldsbiggest">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2010 |title=World record Cruise Ship |url=http://tv.sky.com/world-record-cruise-ship |access-date=28 July 2010 |website=Sky.com}}</ref> An kammala jirgin kuma an mika shi ga Royal Caribbean a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2009. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, ta bar Finland zuwa Amurka.{{Convert|30|cm|0}} Yayinda yake fita daga [[Tekun Baltic]], jirgin ya wuce karkashin Babban Belt Fixed Link a Denmark a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2009 a 23:18 UTC. Ginin yana da sarari na {{Convert|65|m|0}} sama da ruwa; Oasis yawanci yana da iska na 72 ft). Hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin gadar ta yiwu ne saboda janyewar bututun telescoping, kuma an sami ƙarin 30 in) ta hanyar tasirin squat inda jiragen da ke tafiya da sauri tashar da ba ta da zurfi za a jawo su cikin ruwa. Kusa da gadar a {{Convert|23|kn}} km / h; 26 , jirgin ya wuce a ƙarƙashinsa tare da ƙasa da 60 centimeters (2 ft) na izini. <ref name="mariden20091101" /><ref name="drdk20091101" />&nbsp; Ci gaba ta hanyar Channel Channel, Oasis of the Seas ya tsaya a takaice a cikin Solent don ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa 300 da ke cikin jirgin suna yin aikin kammalawa su iya sauka, sannan su bar kan hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Everglades a Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Jirgin ya isa can a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2009, inda aka shigar da tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi kafin wasu tafiye-tafiye na gabatarwa da tafiyarta ta farko a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. td2bculdxhc7q2g4mcz2kbpep4pemou 841396 841393 2026-05-28T10:07:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jirgin ruwan '''''Oasis of the Seas''''' wani [[JIRGIN RUWA NA FASINJA DON SHKATAWA SHAKATWA|jirgin ruwa]] ne da Royal Caribbean International ke sarrafawa. Ita ce ta farko a cikin ajin ta, ajin ''Oasis'', wanda jiragen ruwan sa suka kasance manyan jiragen fasinja a duniya, har sai da aka zarce su a shekarar 2024 ta hannun <nowiki><i id="mwfg">Icon</i></nowiki> . An shimfida jirgin ruwan ta a watan Nuwamba na 2007 kuma an kammala ta aka kai ta Royal Caribbean a watan Oktoba na 2009. A lokacin ginin, ''Oasis of the Seas'' ta kafa sabon tarihi na ɗaukar fasinjoji 6,669. <ref name="usatoday20100408">{{Cite web |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=8 April 2010 |title=Record set as Oasis of the Seas sails with more than 6,000 passengers |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/post/2010/04/record-set-as-oasis-of-the-seas-sails-with-more-than-6000-passengers/87141/1 |access-date=14 August 2010 |website=[[USA Today]] |series=Cruise Log}}</ref> Ta haɗu da jiragen ruwa na ''Allure of the Seas'' a watan Disamba na 2010, ''Harmony of the Seas'' a watan Mayu na 2016, ''Symphony of the Seas'' a watan Afrilu na 2018, da ''Wonder of the Seas'' a watan Maris na 2022, da kuma ''Utopia of the Seas'' a watan Yuli na 2024. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2024, ''Oasis of the Seas'' tana gudanar da tafiye-tafiye a [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Everglades da ke Fort Lauderdale, Florida, da kuma Cape Liberty (Bayonne), New Jersey. ''Oasis of the Seas'' surpassed the Freedom-class cruise ships (also owned by Royal Caribbean) to become the largest cruise ship in the world at that time. Later, ''Oasis of the Seas'' was surpassed by ''Allure of the Seas'' by 50 millimetres (2 inches).<ref name="shipgaz23">{{Cite journal |last=Sjöström |first=Pär-Henrik |date=10 December 2010 |title=Larger than her sister |url=http://issuu.com/shipgaz/docs/shipgaz6_2010 |url-status=dead |journal=Shipgaz |issue=6 |page=22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319094736/https://issuu.com/shipgaz/docs/shipgaz6_2010 |archive-date=19 March 2016 |access-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> In May 2016, her second sister ship ''Harmony of the Seas'' became the new record holder with a length of {{Convert|362.12|m|ft}}, and in March 2018, ''Symphony of the Seas'', the fourth member of the ''Oasis'' class, became the new world's largest cruise ship with a length of 361.012 m (1,184.42 ft) and a tonnage of 228,081 GT. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Oasis_of_the_Seas_(15397828812).jpg|alt=Oasis of the Seas at night|right|thumb|Oasis of the Seas da dare kafin gyare-gyare]] An ba da umarnin jirgin a watan Fabrairun 2006 kuma an tsara shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Project Genesis".<ref name="nortrade">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2006 |title=Royal Caribbean orders a giant cruise vessel from Aker Yards |url=http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/news/royal-caribbean-orders-a-giant-cruise-vessel-from-aker-yards/ |access-date=8 March 2016 |website=Nortrade |publisher=Media Digital AS}}</ref> STX Europe Turku Shipyard, [[Finland]] ce ta kwantar da ita a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2007. Kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa an sami cikakken kudade don Oasis of the Seas a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2009.<ref name="oasis20090415">{{Cite web |last=Fain |first=Richard |date=15 April 2009 |title=Thanks a Billion |url=http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/chairmans-blog/?p=216 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128102724/http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/chairmans-blog/?p=216 |archive-date=28 November 2009 |access-date=12 June 2009 |publisher=Royal Caribbean International}}</ref> Sunan Oasis of the Seas ya samo asali ne daga gasar da aka gudanar a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008. <ref name="clog100112">{{Cite web |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=23 May 2008 |title=Royal Caribbean's next ships will be Oasis, Allure |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/post/2008/05/royal-caribbeans-next-ships-will-be-oasis-allure-/772912/1 |access-date=19 July 2012 |website=[[USA Today]] |series=Cruise Log}}</ref> An sanya sunan jirgin a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2009 yayin aikin sadaka na Gidauniyar Make-A-Wish. A wannan bikin jirgin ya dauki nauyin "godmothers" guda bakwai, kowannensu yana wakiltar ɗayan unguwanni bakwai da ke cikin jirgin. Uwargidanta sune [[Gloria Estefan]], Michelle Kwan, Dara Torres, Keshia Knight Pulliam, Shawn Johnson, Jane Seymour da Daisy Fuentes.<ref name="article2746230">{{Cite web |title=Her går gigantskipet hårfint under |trans-title=Here goes the giant ship under narrowly |url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article2746230.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308142946/http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article2746230.ece |archive-date=8 March 2010 |access-date=13 August 2010 |publisher=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> A lokacin da jirgin ya fara fitowa daga jirgin ruwan Jiragen ruwa da ke jan jirgin daga tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasa sarrafa jirgin, wanda ya haifar da gefen tashar jiragen sama na jirgin ya buga tashar jiragen kasa. Wannan ya haifar da wasu lalacewar kayan kwalliya da ƙananan lalacewar kwalliya, wanda aka gyara kuma bai shafi ranar isar da jirgin ba.<ref name="worldsbiggest">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2010 |title=World record Cruise Ship |url=http://tv.sky.com/world-record-cruise-ship |access-date=28 July 2010 |website=Sky.com}}</ref> An kammala jirgin kuma an mika shi ga Royal Caribbean a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2009. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, ta bar Finland zuwa Amurka.{{Convert|30|cm|0}} Yayinda yake fita daga [[Tekun Baltic]], jirgin ya wuce karkashin Babban Belt Fixed Link a Denmark a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2009 a 23:18 UTC. Ginin yana da sarari na {{Convert|65|m|0}} sama da ruwa; Oasis yawanci yana da iska na 72 ft). Hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin gadar ta yiwu ne saboda janyewar bututun telescoping, kuma an sami ƙarin 30 in) ta hanyar tasirin squat inda jiragen da ke tafiya da sauri tashar da ba ta da zurfi za a jawo su cikin ruwa. Kusa da gadar a {{Convert|23|kn}} km / h; 26 , jirgin ya wuce a ƙarƙashinsa tare da ƙasa da 60 centimeters (2 ft) na izini. <ref name="mariden20091101" /><ref name="drdk20091101" />&nbsp; Ci gaba ta hanyar Channel Channel, Oasis of the Seas ya tsaya a takaice a cikin Solent don ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa 300 da ke cikin jirgin suna yin aikin kammalawa su iya sauka, sannan su bar kan hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Everglades a Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Jirgin ya isa can a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2009, inda aka shigar da tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi kafin wasu tafiye-tafiye na gabatarwa da tafiyarta ta farko a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. ==manazarta== 84gkan23kxs6qt026ugid7tq19oi163 0 152698 841394 2026-05-28T10:07:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352627457|Lake Mpanga]]" 841394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin '''Mpanga'''''' tafki ne a yankin Mpanga na Gundumar Kirehe a Lardin Gabas na [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . Yana kwance a cikin [[Kogin Kagera]] kuma yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 9.5.<ref>R. H. Hughes & J. S. Hughes (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands (PDF). IUCN. pp. 199–210. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>. Retrieved 6 April 2026</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mpanga yana da yanki na 9.5 km2 da kewayon 17.5 km. Yana da kimanin kilomita 7 da faɗin kilomita 2.2. Matsakaicin zurfin shine 5.2 m, tare da matsakaicin zurfi na 7.0 m da kuma girman kusan 32,600,000 m3 . Tafkin yana zaune a tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|1289|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku.<ref name="Hughes1992" /> A arewa maso yamma akwai Tafkin Cyambwe. Zuwa kudu maso gabas yana gudana '''NR25''' (Hanyar Kasa 25). === Halayen jiki === Yanayin zafi na ruwa ya kasance daga 22 zuwa 25 ° C a farfajiya da 22 zuwa 23 ° C a kasa. pH yana tsakanin 7.72 a saman ruwa da 7.05 a kasa. Wadannan ma'auni sun samo asali ne daga binciken Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta 1990; ba a gano bayanan kimiyyar lissafi na baya-bayan nan na Tafkin Mpanga ba.&nbsp; == Tattalin Arziki == Ana amfani da tafkin don kamun kifi. A shekara ta 1975, kamawar shekara-shekara ta kai kimanin tan 30. Wannan adadi ya samo asali ne daga tushen rahoton Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta 1990 da aka tattara a 1975; ba a gano wasu ƙididdigar ƙididdigat na baya-bayan nan na Lake Mpanga ba.&nbsp; == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * Tafkin Nasho * Tafkin Cyambwe * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] bcvlw8gdu3itg4vejpzapxy6rhh5425 841397 841394 2026-05-28T10:08:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 841397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''Tafkin '''Mpanga'<nowiki/>''''' tafki ne a yankin Mpanga na Gundumar Kirehe a Lardin Gabas na [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . Yana kwance a cikin [[Kogin Kagera]] kuma yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 9.5.<ref>R. H. Hughes & J. S. Hughes (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands (PDF). IUCN. pp. 199–210. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>. Retrieved 6 April 2026</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mpanga yana da yanki na 9.5 km2 da kewayon 17.5 km. Yana da kimanin kilomita 7 da faɗin kilomita 2.2. Matsakaicin zurfin shine 5.2 m, tare da matsakaicin zurfi na 7.0 m da kuma girman kusan 32,600,000 m3 . Tafkin yana zaune a tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|1289|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku.<ref name="Hughes1992" /> A arewa maso yamma akwai Tafkin Cyambwe. Zuwa kudu maso gabas yana gudana '''NR25''' (Hanyar Kasa 25). === Halayen jiki === Yanayin zafi na ruwa ya kasance daga 22 zuwa 25 ° C a farfajiya da 22 zuwa 23 ° C a kasa. pH yana tsakanin 7.72 a saman ruwa da 7.05 a kasa. Wadannan ma'auni sun samo asali ne daga binciken Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta 1990; ba a gano bayanan kimiyyar lissafi na baya-bayan nan na Tafkin Mpanga ba.&nbsp; == Tattalin Arziki == Ana amfani da tafkin don kamun kifi. A shekara ta 1975, kamawar shekara-shekara ta kai kimanin tan 30. Wannan adadi ya samo asali ne daga tushen rahoton Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta 1990 da aka tattara a 1975; ba a gano wasu ƙididdigar ƙididdigat na baya-bayan nan na Lake Mpanga ba.&nbsp; == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * Tafkin Nasho * Tafkin Cyambwe * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] bjx8re3lr50fhfuzz5tn50hjo6ooea5 0 152699 841398 2026-05-28T10:08:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347328685|Lake Nasho]]" 841398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Nasho''' tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], wanda ke cikin Lardin Gabas . An kiyasta tsayinta a mita 1,286.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Nasho, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_nasho,201721 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=rw.geoview.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lac Nasho (Nasho Lake) Carte (Plan), Photos et la meteo - (Rwanda): lac - Latitude:-2.04472 and Longitude:30.7306 |url=https://fr.getamap.net/cartes/rwanda/kibungo/_nasho_lac/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=fr.getamap.net}}</ref> Tana cikin ƙauyen Akagera, Gundumar Kayonza, Lardin Gabas, Rwanda . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Nasho, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/akagera-village/lake-nasho |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=sandee.com}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin kudancin yankin Akagera. Tafkin Nasho yana da yanki na kusan 3.5 km2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Nasho – World Lakes Database |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |publisher=International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC)}}</ref> Tafkin Nasho yana ɗaya daga cikin tabkuna da yawa a Lardin Gabas waɗanda Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Rwanda ke sa ido don ingancin ruwa ta hanyar Ruwanda Water Portal . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Water Portal – Lake Water Quality Monitoring |url=https://www.rwandawater.gov.rw/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |publisher=Rwanda Water Resources Board}}</ref> Tafkin ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin ruwa na Akagera, tarin tabkuna, maras kyau, da koguna a gabashin Rwanda wanda ke tallafawa bambancin halittu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasho lake, Eastern Province, Rwanda |url=https://rw.geoview.info/lac_nasho,201721 |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=rw.geoview.info}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] qh08wphhgdxmk5b0plwf7dkpbqoz15o 0 152700 841399 2026-05-28T10:09:08Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286230870|Oued Mellah]]" 841399 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Vallée_oued_Mellah_Maroc_amont_barrage_NO.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na kwarin Mellah]] [[Fayil:Rivers_between_Casablanka_and_Rabat_OSM.png|right|thumb|250x250px|Koguna tsakanin Casablanca da Rabat tare da Mellah (tsakiya dama) ]] '''Oued Mellah''' (a cikin [[Larabci na Maroko|Larabcin Maroko,]] ''oued'' yana nufin kogi da ''mellah'' ko "maleh" yana nufin gishiri) wani [[Korama|rafi]] ne na yanayi a gabar tekun [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Oued Mellah yana da 160&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita kuma yana da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa na 1.46 m3/s. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&id=13&ID_PAGE=46 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142133/http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&id=13&ID_PAGE=46 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |access-date=2015-12-14}}</ref> Yana ɗaukar maɓuɓɓuka a arewacin Khouribga a tsayin mita 760 kuma yana cikewa a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a birnin Mohammedia . Akwai madatsun ruwa guda biyu a kan Oued Mellah; an gina na farko a lokacin Kariyar Faransa don samar da ruwa ga [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] . An gina sabuwar madatsar ruwa, mai suna Tamesna, a sama kusa da birnin Ben Ahmed . == Manazarta == kidfi8f7ubdb4iwu6l5cp1isbfpzlip 841400 841399 2026-05-28T10:09:23Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Vallée_oued_Mellah_Maroc_amont_barrage_NO.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na kwarin Mellah]] [[Fayil:Rivers_between_Casablanka_and_Rabat_OSM.png|right|thumb|250x250px|Koguna tsakanin Casablanca da Rabat tare da Mellah (tsakiya dama) ]] '''Oued Mellah''' (a cikin [[Larabci na Maroko|Larabcin Maroko,]] ''oued'' yana nufin kogi da ''mellah'' ko "maleh" yana nufin gishiri) wani [[Korama|rafi]] ne na yanayi a gabar tekun [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Oued Mellah yana da 160&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita kuma yana da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa na 1.46 m3/s. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&id=13&ID_PAGE=46 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222142133/http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&id=13&ID_PAGE=46 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |access-date=2015-12-14}}</ref> Yana ɗaukar maɓuɓɓuka a arewacin Khouribga a tsayin mita 760 kuma yana cikewa a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a birnin Mohammedia . Akwai madatsun ruwa guda biyu a kan Oued Mellah; an gina na farko a lokacin Kariyar Faransa don samar da ruwa ga [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] . An gina sabuwar madatsar ruwa, mai suna Tamesna, a sama kusa da birnin Ben Ahmed . == Manazarta == 52x4tv97tbr1604wak6y67nffxrwitx 0 152701 841401 2026-05-28T10:10:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343532783|Reid River, Queensland]]" 841401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Reid''' yanki ne na karkara da ya raba tsakanin Yankin Charters Towers da Birnin Townsville da ke Queensland, Ostiraliya. A cikin 2021 census, Kogin Reid yana da yawan jama'a 143. == Yanayin ƙasa == ''Kogin Haughton'' ya samar da iyakar kudu maso gabas. ''Kogin Reid'' yana ratsawa daga yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas inda ya haɗu da ''Haughton'' . Hanyar Flinders tana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Babban Railway na Arewa ya shiga yankin daga arewa (Calcium / Woodstock) kuma ya fita zuwa kudu (Mingela / Ravenswood). Kogin Reid yana da duwatsu masu zuwa (daga yamma zuwa gabas): * Plant Hill (19°42′33′′S 146°50′51′′E / 19.7092°S 146.8475°E / -19.7092; 146.8465 (Plant Hill)) mita 308 (1,010 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Mountain peaks and capes - Queensland |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/06ff12a9-862e-4aac-bf9d-693f0a63b4c9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125215033/https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/06ff12a9-862e-4aac-bf9d-693f0a63b4c9 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=Queensland Open Data |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> * Cameron Hill (19°44′38′′S 146°51′33′′E / 19.7440°S 146.8591°E / -19.7440; 146.8591, (Cameron Hill)) mita 327 (1,073 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> * Footes Hill (19°44′42′′S 146°55′11′′E / 19.7451°S 146.9197°E / -19.7451; 146.919 (Footes Hill)) mita 237 (778 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> * Boundary Hill (19°45′54′′S 146°56′39′′E / 19.7650°S 146.9443°E / -19.7650; 146.9453 (Boundary Hill)) mita 226 (741 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> == Tarihi == Garin ya ɗauki sunansa daga [[Reid River (Queensland)|kogin]] da aka sanya masa suna game da 1864 bayan mai binciken [[Mark Watt Reid]] . An kafa Filin jirgin saman Reid River don amfani a yakin duniya na biyu a 19°45′45′′S 146°50′40′′E / 19.7625°S 146.8444°E / -19.7625; 146.8 444 (filin jirgin saman Reed River). <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2014 |title=Reid River Airport |url=https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103213427/https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place?id=1236 |archive-date=2020-11-03 |access-date=2020-11-03 |website=Queensland WWII Historic Places |publisher=[[Queensland Government]] |language=en-AU}}</ref> Makarantar Haughton Valley ta bude a kusa da 1885 kuma ta rufe a 1891. An bude makarantar Reid River Provisional a shekara ta 1892; ba a san ko wannan wata makaranta ce daban ko kuma sake sunan makarantar Haughton Valley ba. A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1909, ta zama Makarantar Jihar Reid River. An rufe shi a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1966. == Yawan jama'a == A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2016, Reid River tana da yawan mutane 115. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Kogin Reid yana da yawan mutane 143. == Ilimi == Babu makarantu a cikin Reid River. Makarantun firamare na gwamnati mafi kusa sune [[Woodstock, Queensland|Woodstock]]_State_School" id="mwpw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Woodstock State School">Makarantar Jihar Woodstock a makwabciyar Woodstock zuwa arewa maso gabas da Makarantar Jihare ta Clare a Clare zuwa gabas. Makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati mafi kusa ita ce Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar William Ross a Annandale, Townsville . == Manqzarta == 0cyklt4drhnz2zyx0z1w8iha2vrpul5 841402 841401 2026-05-28T10:11:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Reid''' yanki ne na karkara da ya raba tsakanin Yankin Charters Towers da Birnin Townsville da ke Queensland, Ostiraliya. A cikin 2021 census, Kogin Reid yana da yawan jama'a 143. == Yanayin ƙasa == ''Kogin Haughton'' ya samar da iyakar kudu maso gabas. ''Kogin Reid'' yana ratsawa daga yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas inda ya haɗu da ''Haughton'' . Hanyar Flinders tana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu. Babban Railway na Arewa ya shiga yankin daga arewa (Calcium / Woodstock) kuma ya fita zuwa kudu (Mingela / Ravenswood). Kogin Reid yana da duwatsu masu zuwa (daga yamma zuwa gabas): * Plant Hill (19°42′33′′S 146°50′51′′E / 19.7092°S 146.8475°E / -19.7092; 146.8465 (Plant Hill)) mita 308 (1,010 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Mountain peaks and capes - Queensland |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/06ff12a9-862e-4aac-bf9d-693f0a63b4c9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125215033/https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/06ff12a9-862e-4aac-bf9d-693f0a63b4c9 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=Queensland Open Data |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> * Cameron Hill (19°44′38′′S 146°51′33′′E / 19.7440°S 146.8591°E / -19.7440; 146.8591, (Cameron Hill)) mita 327 (1,073 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> * Footes Hill (19°44′42′′S 146°55′11′′E / 19.7451°S 146.9197°E / -19.7451; 146.919 (Footes Hill)) mita 237 (778 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> * Boundary Hill (19°45′54′′S 146°56′39′′E / 19.7650°S 146.9443°E / -19.7650; 146.9453 (Boundary Hill)) mita 226 (741 <ref name="MountainPeaksCapes" /> == Tarihi == Garin ya ɗauki sunansa daga [[Reid River (Queensland)|kogin]] da aka sanya masa suna game da 1864 bayan mai binciken [[Mark Watt Reid]] . An kafa Filin jirgin saman Reid River don amfani a yakin duniya na biyu a 19°45′45′′S 146°50′40′′E / 19.7625°S 146.8444°E / -19.7625; 146.8 444 (filin jirgin saman Reed River). <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2014 |title=Reid River Airport |url=https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103213427/https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/place?id=1236 |archive-date=2020-11-03 |access-date=2020-11-03 |website=Queensland WWII Historic Places |publisher=[[Queensland Government]] |language=en-AU}}</ref> Makarantar Haughton Valley ta bude a kusa da 1885 kuma ta rufe a 1891. An bude makarantar Reid River Provisional a shekara ta 1892; ba a san ko wannan wata makaranta ce daban ko kuma sake sunan makarantar Haughton Valley ba. A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1909, ta zama Makarantar Jihar Reid River. An rufe shi a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1966. == Yawan jama'a == A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2016, Reid River tana da yawan mutane 115. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Kogin Reid yana da yawan mutane 143. == Ilimi == Babu makarantu a cikin Reid River. Makarantun firamare na gwamnati mafi kusa sune [[Woodstock, Queensland|Woodstock]]_State_School" id="mwpw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Woodstock State School">Makarantar Jihar Woodstock a makwabciyar Woodstock zuwa arewa maso gabas da Makarantar Jihare ta Clare a Clare zuwa gabas. Makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati mafi kusa ita ce Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar William Ross a Annandale, Townsville . == Manqzarta == ewfhmaiurekinpujah61d2e0tx6pmu9 0 152702 841404 2026-05-28T10:12:18Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345129051|Peacocks Guitar Band International]]" 841404 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Background=|Name=Peacocks Guitar Band International|image=|image_size=|image_upright=|Landscape=|alt=|caption=|Alias=Peacocks Guitar Band, Peacock International, Peacocks Guiter Band|Origin=Ghana|Genre=|Years_active=1970s|Label=[[EMI Records|EMI]], [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]]|Current_members=|Past_members=|website=|module=|module2=|module3=}}'''Peacocks Guitar Band International''' wata ƙungiyar makaɗan [[Highlife]] ce daga Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adebayo |first=Segun |date=2021-12-05 |title=Afrobeats hall of fame awards to honour african artistry, musical contributions |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/afrobeats-hall-of-fame-awards-to-honour-african-artistry-musical-contributions/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |language=en-GB |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marv |first=Tomide |date=February 21, 2025 |title=#BumpThis: 12 of the Best Afrobeats Songs of the 2020s That Sample Nigerian Classics |url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/best-afrobeats-songs-of-the-2020s-that-sample-nigerian-classics/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RALPH AMARABEM (THE PEACOCKS BAND) – Evergreen Musical Company Ltd |url=https://evergreenmusic.com.ng/biographies/ralph-amarabem-the-peacocks-band/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka sa ƙungiyar ta yi fice shi ne gudummawar da ta bayar ta hanyar waƙarta mai suna Eddie Quansa. Daga baya an yi amfani da waƙar a matsayin taken shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 1972, ƙungiyar ta fitar da kundin waƙa mai suna Ejiogu ƙarƙashin kamfanin rikodi na His Master’s Voice. A shekara ta gaba kuma, wato 1973, aka fitar da kundin Abiriwa ta hannun kamfanin rikodi na EMI. Ƙungiyar ta rabu a shekarar 1976, sannan ɗaya daga cikin mambobinta, Dan Orji, ya kafa wata sabuwar ƙungiya mai suna Skylarks Universal Band. Ya rasu a shekarar 2015. Tare da fitattun mawaka irin su: [[Cif Stephen Osita Osadebe|Cif Osita Osadebe]], [[Fela Kuti|Fela Anikulapo Kuti]], Rex Lawson, [[Ayinde Barrister|Sikiru Ayinde Barrister]], [[Sunny Ade|Sarki Sunny Ade]], [[Ɗan Maraya Jos|Dan Maraya Jos]], da Bala Miller, an zaɓi Peacocks Guitar Band International cikin waɗanda aka ba takarar lambar yabo ta Nigeria’s Afrobeats Hall of Fame a rukunin mawakan da suka yi tasiri tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970 a shekarar 2021. == Mambobin == * Raphael Amarabem, aka fi sani da "Ibiso" - Guitarist da Vocalist * Nze Dan Orji - Mai kunnawa * Okoro Oha Boniface Akagha, aka "Alika" - Bass Player == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums: waƙoƙi === ==== Abiriwa-1973 ==== * Eddie Quansa * Dan Njemanze * Jiji * Iwa Anya * Yesu Kristi * Okpa Aku Eriri * Egwu Mgbashiriko * Uba Awuu nwa * Wannan Yarinya * Abasi . O. Mokop ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Kinkana na Musamman-2006 ==== * KInkana na musamman * Umuibe * Sam Mbiri * Sa Tanã Mama * Manu Alunu Nwanneya * Iga Akwalu Mmi * Maryamu Meriamam * Ebiriye * Nwa Ibie ==== 51 Lex Bayani: Aya Simole-2006 ==== * Aya Simonle * Oji Onyike Egbu Aruru * Ezenwata nwannnem * Batetu * A cikin mmanu * Feresirima * Nkwo orji * Onwu Ebeara Igbu Ejiogu * Odo Biro * Onye Aghala Nwanneya == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Mahaɗan waje == * Discogs - Peacocks Guitar Band[https://www.discogs.com/artist/1139177-Peacocks-Guitar-Band Gitar Band na Peacocks] [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin mawaƙan Najeriya]] 1idqu12m8w4iy9o851lfc1ni1mafy6b 0 152703 841405 2026-05-28T10:12:33Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255779227|El-Abid River]]" 841405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Oum_Er-Rbia_River_Basin_OSM.png|right|thumb|Yankin da ke tattare da Oum er-Rbia tare da Oued El Abid (tsakiyar dama ta ƙasa) ]] '''Kogin El Abid''' ( Arabic (A harshen Larabci "Kogin Bayi") [[kogi]] ne a [[Moroko|Morocco]], kusa da [[Douar El]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oued el Abid, Morocco - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-30439&fid=3941&c=morocco |website=www.geographic.org}}</ref> <ref name="mapcarta.com">{{Cite web |title=Oued El Abid |url=http://mapcarta.com/34273744 |website=mapcarta.com}}</ref> Kogin El-Abid yana da matsakaicin tsayin {{Convert|40|m}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] . <ref name="mapcarta.com" /> Yana tashi a cikin [[Tsauni|tsaunukan]] High Atlas kuma yana shiga [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a Azemmour == Dubi kuma == * Oued El Abid, [[Tunisiya]] == Manazarta == qodeh8707knaa17qunfaf4fzx60fejj 841406 841405 2026-05-28T10:12:51Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oum_Er-Rbia_River_Basin_OSM.png|right|thumb|Yankin da ke tattare da Oum er-Rbia tare da Oued El Abid (tsakiyar dama ta ƙasa) ]] '''Kogin El Abid''' ( Arabic (A harshen Larabci "Kogin Bayi") [[kogi]] ne a [[Moroko|Morocco]], kusa da [[Douar El]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oued el Abid, Morocco - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-30439&fid=3941&c=morocco |website=www.geographic.org}}</ref> <ref name="mapcarta.com">{{Cite web |title=Oued El Abid |url=http://mapcarta.com/34273744 |website=mapcarta.com}}</ref> Kogin El-Abid yana da matsakaicin tsayin {{Convert|40|m}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] . <ref name="mapcarta.com" /> Yana tashi a cikin [[Tsauni|tsaunukan]] High Atlas kuma yana shiga [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a Azemmour == Dubi kuma == * Oued El Abid, [[Tunisiya]] == Manazarta == dt97ne17uvh9j4lh9u7y184b4fi5m2i 0 152704 841407 2026-05-28T10:15:15Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334296745|Oued Tamri]]" 841407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oued Tamri''' kogi ne a yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika kusa da ƙauyen Tamri . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6511 |access-date=2021-04-18 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> Ruwan saman ƙasa yana raguwa sosai a ƙarshen bazara kafin lokacin damina ya fara. Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana kyautata zaton cewa busassun bishiyoyin arewa suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin daji a Morocco a wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Souss-Massa (338)&nbsp;km ² ) inda akwai yankuna uku, da kuma bakin Kogin Tamri da ke kusa, inda akwai yanki ɗaya da ya ƙunshi kusan rabin yawan mutanen Afirka da ke kiwo, tare da wasu motsi na tsuntsaye tsakanin waɗannan wurare biyu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6511 |access-date=2021-04-18 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> HhRuwa na Oued Tamri suna da alkaline sosai kuma suna da matsakaici daga kyawawan abubuwan da ke wankewa daga tsaunuka zuwa gabas. An auna matakan pH na kaka a cikin kewayon 9.6. == Manazarta == qdtvz3qw7tujtg5k3kx4un1gudm6k3a 841409 841407 2026-05-28T10:16:42Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oued Tamri''' kogi ne a yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika kusa da ƙauyen Tamri . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6511 |access-date=2021-04-18 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> Ruwan saman ƙasa yana raguwa sosai a ƙarshen bazara kafin lokacin damina ya fara. Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana kyautata zaton cewa busassun bishiyoyin arewa suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin daji a Morocco a wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Souss-Massa (338)&nbsp;km ² ) inda akwai yankuna uku, da kuma bakin Kogin Tamri da ke kusa, inda akwai yanki ɗaya da ya ƙunshi kusan rabin yawan mutanen Afirka da ke kiwo, tare da wasu motsi na tsuntsaye tsakanin waɗannan wurare biyu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6511 |access-date=2021-04-18 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> HhRuwa na Oued Tamri suna da alkaline sosai kuma suna da matsakaici daga kyawawan abubuwan da ke wankewa daga tsaunuka zuwa gabas. An auna matakan pH na kaka a cikin kewayon 9.6. == Manazarta == ticvbkalkiwgnsdtedeho8g0paa8no5 0 152705 841412 2026-05-28T10:23:22Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353891524|Flavour (musician)]]" 841412 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Flavour N'abania|image=Flavour N'abania.jpg|image_size=|caption=Flavour performing at the [[2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]|Birth_name=Chinedu Izuchukwu Okoli|Alias=* Ijele, Mr. Flavour * Palliative Ụmụ Ashawo|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1983|11|23}}|birth_place=[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], [[Enugu State]], Nigeria|Origin=<!-- Music origins only; please do not add the birthplace of his father -->|Genre={{hlist|[[Igbo highlife]]|[[gospel music|gospel]]<ref name="flavour12">{{cite news|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/west-african-flavour-comes-to-harare/|title=West African 'Flavour' comes to Harare|last=Butaumocho|first=Ruth|work=[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]|publisher=Zimbabwe Newspapers Limited|date=3 May 2012|access-date=29 August 2014|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903102603/http://www.herald.co.zw/west-african-flavour-comes-to-harare/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hip hop flavour">{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/harp-music-nite-lights-aba-port-harcourt-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Harp Music Nite lights up Aba, Port Harcourt, others|date=7 June 2014|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044704/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/harp-music-nite-lights-aba-port-harcourt-others/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref>}}|Occupation={{hlist|Singer|songwriter}}|Years_active=2005–present|Label=2nite Music Group|website={{official website|http://www.flavourofafrica.com}}}}'''Chinedu Okoli''' (an haife shi ranar 23 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1983), wanda aka fi sani da sunan waƙarsa '''Flavour N’abania''' ko kuma '''Flavour''', mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙi daga Najeriya.<ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara harkar kiɗa ne a matsayin mai kaɗa ganga a wata coci ta gida. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai '''Nwa Baby''' (Ashawo Remix), "Ada Ada" da "Time to Party". A halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kamfanin kiɗa na 2nite Entertainment. A shekarar 2008, ya fitar da kundin waƙarsa na farko mai suna N’abania. A shekarar 2010 kuma ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu mai suna Uplifted, wanda waƙoƙi irin su "Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)", "Adamma" da "Oyi Remix" suka tallata. Nasarar kundin ta sa Flavour ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan Afirka da aka fi nema domin shagulgula da manyan wasanni.<ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ "Chinedu Okoli"]. </cite></ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == === Rayuwa ta farko da farkon aiki === Flavour, wanda ke raira waƙa sosai a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]], an haife shi ne a [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]_State" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Enugu State">[[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]], Najeriya. Iyalinsa sun fito ne daga Umunze, wani wuri a [[Orumba ta Kudu]], [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour N'abania's Official Website |url=http://www.flavournabania.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152015/http://www.flavournabania.com/ |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> Flavour ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa yana da shekaru 13 lokacin da ya fara buga kara don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci a Enugu, a Jihar Enugu . Fasto mai zama a cocinsa ya gabatar da shi ga aboki, Chris I. Ordor, Shugaba na SoundCity Communications.<ref name="Sun">{{Cite web |last=PETRUS OBI, Enugu |date=22 January 2010 |title=What they call 'vulgar' in my music –Flavour |url=http://64.182.81.172/webpages/features/showtime/2010/jan/22/showtime-22-01-2010-002.htm |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=THE SUN PUBLISHING LTD.}}</ref> A shekara ta 1996, an gayyaci Flavour don shiga kamfanin a kan tallafin ilimi don nazarin kiɗa.<ref name="Sun" /> Bayan shekaru uku na wasa da karafa, ya fara wasa da keyboard.<ref name="Sun" /> Ya kuma yi amfani da shi don samar da murya ga wasu mawaƙa a SoundCity . <ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ "Chinedu Okoli"]. </cite></ref> === 2008–2012: ''N'abania'', ''Uplifted'', and ''Blessed'' === In 2008, Flavour released his debut album ''[[N'abania]]'' through Obaino Music. The album's success was relative and limited to [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Eastern Nigeria]], particularly [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu State]]. Flavour collaborated with [[Mr Raw]] on the album's lead single titled "N'abania". The song was recorded at Kingsley Ogoro's music studio in Lagos, Nigeria. Following the relative success of his debut album, Flavour released ''Uplifted'' in 2010. The album broke national barriers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Henry |date=2016-03-24 |title=REVIEW OF FLAVOUR NABANIA UPLIFTED ALBUM |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Nigeriafilms |language=en-US}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Lolhiphop Records, an established record label in South Africa, released the album after popular demand. The album's top singles include "[[Nwa Baby]] (Ashawo Remix)", "Adamma", and [[Oyi (waka)|Oyi Remix]]" (featuring [[Tiwa Savage]]). An saki kundi na uku na Flavour, Blessed, a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2012 ta hanyar 2nite Entertainment da iROKING LTD. Kundin shine magajin Uplifted . Yana da shakka mafi girman kundin Flavour har zuwa yau saboda yawan masu samar da suka yi aiki a ciki. An ƙaddamar da shi a wannan rana ta budewar 2nite Club na Flavour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour N'abania opens nite club, new album on same day |url=http://www.omg.com.ng/2012/10/flavour-nabania-opens-nite-club-new-album-on-same-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054247/http://www.omg.com.ng/2012/10/flavour-nabania-opens-nite-club-new-album-on-same-day/ |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=28 June 2013 |publisher=omg.com.ng}}</ref> A wata hira da iROKOTV, Flavour ya ce: "Ina tsammanin ina girma. Wannan shi ne kundi na uku... Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ba su kiɗa, kamar bayyana kaina. Dole ne in zama mafi girma tare da kiɗa, kalmomi da kayan aiki masu hikima. Na yi aiki tare da tarin masu samarwa kuma duk tsarin samarwa ya zama ma'ana. " A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, Flavour ya fara yin hadin gwiwa tare da mawaƙin Senegal, Baaba Maal . Waƙar, "Afroculture" da bidiyon ta an samo su ne a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, wanda ya haifar da sabon zagaye na kundi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour Ushers In New Era With 'Afroculture' Featuring Baaba Maal |url=https://thebulrushes.com/2025/10/31/flavour-ushers-in-new-era-with-afroculture-featuring-baaba-maal/ |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=The Bulrushes}}</ref> Daga baya aka sanar da kundin Afroculture a Instagram na Flavour kuma an watsa shi a hukumance a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2025. Tare da Waga G, [[Qing Madi]], [[Pheelz]], [[Kizz Daniel]], Azzy, da [[Odumeje]], Afroculture ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci. Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku na ''Afrocritik,'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani abu mai ban sha'awa, mai maimaitawa sosai, mai kuzari, mai ban shaʼawa, mai wadataccen al'adu, mai banbanci, kuma mai tabbatar da fasaha".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olowofoyeku |first=Yinoluwa |title=“Afroculture” Review: Flavour Embodies The Sounds of Africa on New Album |url=https://afrocritik.com/flavour-afroculture-review/ |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=Afrocritik}}</ref> == Rikici == A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, Nigerian Entertainment Today ta ba da rahoton cewa Flavour ya shiga cikin yakin shari'a tare da duo na Ghana Wutah, game da zargin satar "Kwarikwa". A cewar labarin, "Kwarikwa" daidai ne na "Kotosa", waƙar da duo da aka ambata a sama suka yi. Duo ɗin mawaƙa sun zargi Flavour da satar waƙoƙin su, mawaƙa, da kuma saurin. == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''[[N'abania]]'' (2008) * An yi amfani da shi (2010) * ''[[Albarka (Flavour album)|Albarka]]'' (2012) * ''Na gode'' (2014) * ''[[Ijele Mai Tafiya]]'' (2017) * ''[[Jin daɗin Afirka]]'' (2020) * ''Sarautar Afirka'' (2023) * ''Al'adun Afirka'' (2025) == Hotunan bidiyo == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Album !Daraktan !Tabbacin. |- |2011 |"Adamma" |''An ɗaga shi'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaguda |date=5 October 2011 |title=New Video: Flavour – Adamma {{!}} Jaguda.com |url=http://jaguda.com/2011/10/05/new-video-flavour-adamma-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803201842/http://jaguda.com/2011/10/05/new-video-flavour-adamma-2/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Oyi Remix" tare da Tiwa Savage<small>nuna [[Tiwa Savage]]</small> |''An ɗaga shi'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2012 |title=Tiwa Savage – Oyi [Remix] |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624213346/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Kwarikwa" tare da Fally Ipupa<small>nuna Fally IpupaIpupa na Ƙarya</small> |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaguda |date=31 July 2012 |title=New Video: Flavour – Kwarikwa [Remix] ft. Fally Ipupa + Audio Download |url=http://jaguda.com/2012/07/31/new-video-flavour-kwarikwa-remix-ft-fally-ipupa-audio-download/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803195905/http://jaguda.com/2012/07/31/new-video-flavour-kwarikwa-remix-ft-fally-ipupa-audio-download/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Baby Oku" |''Albarka'' |[[Selebobo]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=MUSIC: Flavour – Baby Oku (Prod. Selebobo) |url=https://www.intonaija.com/music/flavour-baby-oku/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007220825/https://www.intonaija.com/music/flavour-baby-oku |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=IntoNaija.com}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Rashin girgizar" |''Albarka'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2012 |title=Flavour – Shake |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/flavour-shake/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615190432/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/flavour-shake/ |archive-date=15 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2013 |"Ɗan na Sin" |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2013 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Chinny Baby |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-chinny-baby/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624214619/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-chinny-baby/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2013 |"Ada Ada" |''Albarka'' |[[Clarence Peters]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2013 |title=New Video: Flavour – Ada Ada |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/new-video-flavour-ada-ada/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624100603/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/new-video-flavour-ada-ada/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Ikwokrikwo" |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2014 |title=DOWNLOAD:VIDEO: Flavour – Ikwokrikwo –notjustOk |url=http://notjustok.com/2014/01/13/video-flavour-ikworikwo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805135627/http://notjustok.com/2014/01/13/video-flavour-ikworikwo/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Black yana da kyau" |''Albarka'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2014 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Black Is Beautiful |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-black-beautiful/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624212725/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-black-beautiful/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Tashi" tare da Wande Coal<small>nuna Wande Coal</small> |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2014 |title=MUSIC: Flavour – Wake Up Ft. Wande Coal |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2014/09/music-flavour-wake-up-ft-wande-coal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624100511/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/09/music-flavour-wake-up-ft-wande-coal/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Golibe" |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2014 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Gollibe |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2014/12/video-flavour-gollibe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624101233/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/12/video-flavour-gollibe/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Ololufe" tare da Chidinma<small>nuna [[Chidinma]]</small> |''Na gode'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=Flavour, Chidinma Duo share deep kiss in new video |url=http://pulse.ng/music/flavour-chidinma-duo-share-deep-kiss-in-new-video-id3472761.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215091126/http://pulse.ng/music/flavour-chidinma-duo-share-deep-kiss-in-new-video-id3472761.html |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=Joey Akan}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Sexy Rosey" tare da P-Square<small>nuna [[P-Square]]</small> |''Na gode'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=Flavour – Sexy Rosey ft P Square (Video) |url=https://sololoaded.com/flavour-sexy-rosey-ft-p-square-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725122951/https://sololoaded.com/flavour-sexy-rosey-ft-p-square-video/ |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=July 25, 2021 |website=Sololoaded}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Champion"|{{N/a}} |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref name="Naijaloaded">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2016 |title=[Video] Flavour – Champion |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-flavour-champion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725123000/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-flavour-champion |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=July 25, 2021 |website=Naijaloaded}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Zan" |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2016 |title=New Video: Flavour – Dance |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/new-video-flavour-dance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608195042/http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/new-video-flavour-dance/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Crazy Love" tare da Yemi Alade | |Patrick Elis | |- |2018 |"Awele" tare da Umu Obiligbo|{{N/a}} |Selebobo | |- |2021 |Matsayi | |Patrick Ellis |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=Peace |date=2021-10-12 |title=Flavour – Levels |url=https://www.entmediahub.com.ng/audio-video-flavour-levels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209223708/https://www.entmediahub.com.ng/audio-video-flavour-levels/ |archive-date=9 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Entmediahub |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  {| class="wikitable" !Year !Event !Prize !Recipient !Result !Ref |- |2025 |The Headies |Afrobeats Single of the Year |"Big Baller" |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2025 winners full list: Davido, Odumodu BLVCK, Tems, Rema and odas wey win for di 17th edition |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c62je7k97nro.amp |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |All Africa Music Awards |Best Artiste/Duo/Group in African Traditional |"Levels" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=The Nominations Are In! Here’s Every African Artiste Nominated For An AFRIMA 2022 Award |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/09/afrima-2022-award-nomination/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |The Headies | rowspan="2" |Best Alternative Song |"Game Changer (Dike)" |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | rowspan="2" |The Headies | rowspan="2" |"Doings" <small>(featuring Phyno)</small> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grein |first=Paul |date=5 September 2022 |title=Wizkid & Tems Are Top Winners at 2022 Headies Awards (Full Winners List) |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2022-headies-awards-full-winners-list-1235134815/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- |Song of the Year |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 | rowspan="2" |All Africa Music Awards |Best Artiste, Duo or Group in African Dance or Choreography | rowspan="2" |"Berna Reloaded" <small>(featuring Fally Ipupa and Diamond Platnumz)</small> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2021 |title=Afrima Awards 2021 winners list: Wizkid, Iba One, Fireboy DML, win for dis year All Africa Music Awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59370781 |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]}}</ref> |- |Best African Video |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Myers Hansen |first=Gabriel |date=23 September 2021 |title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 | rowspan="3" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Live Act |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=Here are the 2019 AFRIMMA Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/here-are-the-2019-afrimma-nominees-burna-boy-wizkid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808073131/https://www.okayafrica.com/here-are-the-2019-afrimma-nominees-burna-boy-wizkid/ |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- |Best Collaboration | rowspan="2" |"Awele" <small>(featuring Umu Obiligbo)</small> |{{Nom}} |- |Video of The Year |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2018 | rowspan="2" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=AFRIMMA 2018: See Full List Of Nominees |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/07/afrimma-2018-see-full-list-nominees/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |Best Live Act |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=AFRIMMA 2018: Full list of winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/afrimma-2018-full-list-winners |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Best R&B/Pop Album | rowspan="2" |''[[Ijele Mai Tafiya|Ijele the Traveler]]'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Album of the Year |{{Nom}} |- |Best Performer | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="6" |2016 | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Special Recognition |{{honored}} | |- |Best Pop Single | rowspan="2" |"M.O.N.E.Y" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Timaya featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelana |first=Oludolapo |date=9 November 2016 |title=Full list of nominees for the 2016 Headies Awards |url=https://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=YNaija}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo |{{Nom}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live Act |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Alyssa |date=22 October 2016 |title=Here’s the Full List of Nominees at the 2016 MTV Africa Music Awards in Johannesburg |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/heres-the-full-list-of-nominees-at-the-2016-mtv-africa-music-awards-in-johannesburg/147479 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Indigenous Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Won}} | |- |Collaboration of the Year |"Finally" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Masterkraft featuring Flavour N'abania and [[Sarkodie]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2016 |title=Nominations are Here! Find out who Made the 2016 Nigerian Entertainment Awards Nominees List |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/nominations-are-here-find-out-who-made-the-2016-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-list/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- | rowspan="19" |2015 |tooXclusive Awards |Best R&B Track |"Ololufe" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Chidinma]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donnett |first=Jim |date=15 January 2016 |title=tooXclusive AWARDS 2015 – WINNERS! |url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/tooxclusive-awards-2015-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060304/https://tooxclusive.com/news/tooxclusive-awards-2015-winners/ |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=[[tooXclusive]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |COSON Song Awards | rowspan="2" |Best Collabo Song |"Wake Up" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wande Coal)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="7" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male - West Africa |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2015 |title=Nominees revealed for AFRIMMA in the USA |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/nominees-revealed-afrimma-usa |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Best Dance in a Video |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Traditional Artist |Himself |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2015 |title=Winners at the AFRIMMA 2015 Muzik Awards |url=https://www.newsmart.com.ng/2015/11/winners-at-afrimma-2015-muzik-awards.html |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Newsmart}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Video of the Year |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Won}} |- |"Golibe" |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref name=":16" /> |- |Best Collaboration |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |All Africa Music Awards |Best Male Artist in Western Africa |Flavour for "Golibe" |{{Nom}} |<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=All Africa Music Awards, AFRIMA, 2015 Final Nominees List |url=https://www.afrima.org/index.php/media2/news-update/161-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-final-nominees-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906223827/https://www.afrima.org/index.php/media2/news-update/161-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-final-nominees-list |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Afrima.org}}</ref> |- |Best Artist in African Electro |Flavour for "Power to Win" |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yhusuff |first=Al |date=16 November 2015 |title=All Africa Music Awards (AFRIMA) 2015 {{!}} Winners List |url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118230114/https://tooxclusive.com/news/all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-winners-list/ |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=tooXclusive}}</ref> |- |Album of the Year |''Thankful'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name=":15" /> |- |Artist of the Year |Flavour for "Golibe" |{{Nom}} |- |Nigerian Music Video Awards |Best Highlife Video |"Sexy Rosey" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[P-Square]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2015 |title=2015 Nigerian Music Video Awards throws up interesting matchups |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2015-nigerian-music-video-awards-throws-interesting-matchups |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta 2015|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Indigenous Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Danielle |date=15 June 2015 |title=The Nigeria Entertainment Awards Announce 2015 Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-nigeria-entertainment-awards-announce-2015-nominees/161674 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- |Male Artist of the Year |{{Nom}} |- |Album of the Year |''Thankful'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="16" |2014 |All Africa Music Awards |Best Male Artiste in West Africa |Flavour for "Ada Ada" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=AFRIMA 2014 Nominees' List |url=http://afrima.org/index.php/latest-news/news-update/128-afrima-2014-nominees-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926072658/http://afrima.org/index.php/latest-news/news-update/128-afrima-2014-nominees-list |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=13 February 2026 |publisher=AFRIMA.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |The Headies |Best Music Video |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} | |- |Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- |Channel O Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Afro Pop Video |"Ada Ada" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Rhodé |date=5 September 2014 |title=Channel O Africa announces Music Video Awards nominees |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913011117/http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2014|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Indigenous Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" | |- |Best Album of the Year |''[[Albarka (Flavour album)|Blessed]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |Best Music Video of the Year (Artist & Director) | rowspan="2" |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Collaboration |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male West Africa | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2014 |title=See Nominees for the African Muzik Magazine Awards (AFRIMMA) 2014 |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/09/see-the-nominees-for-the-african-muzik-magazine-awards-afrimma-2014/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728233201/http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/09/see-the-nominees-for-the-african-muzik-magazine-awards-afrimma-2014/ |archive-date=28 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- |Best Traditional Artist |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2014 |title=Sarkodie, Fuse ODG, DJ Black, others win at AFRIMMA Awards |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=318709 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810025853/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=318709 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=Ghana Web}}</ref> |- |Best Video of the Year |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|City People Entertainment Awards]] |Musician of the Year (Male) |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Best Collabo of the Year |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live Act | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Davido lead nominations for MTV Africa Music Awards |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420073700/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |publisher=Sowetan LIVE}}</ref> |- |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Nomination |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/march-2nd/full-list-of-2014-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-nominations.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310010430/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/march-2nd/full-list-of-2014-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-nominations.php |archive-date=10 March 2014 |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Ghana Fame}}</ref> |- | rowspan="13" |2013 | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2013 and Full List of winners |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231501/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=27 December 2013 |publisher=Osun Defender}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2013 |title=#BaddestGuyEverLiveth: Olamide bags 8 nominations for the "Headies" – See full nomination list |url=http://www.ynaija.com/baddestguyeverliveth-olamide-bags-8-nominations-for-the-headies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123229/http://www.ynaija.com/baddestguyeverliveth-olamide-bags-8-nominations-for-the-headies/ |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |publisher=YNaija.com}}</ref> |- |Album of the Year | rowspan="2" |''Blessed'' |{{Nom}} |- |Best R&B/Pop Album |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |Nigeria Music Video Awards |Video of the Year | rowspan="4" |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2013 |title=NIGERIA MUSIC VIDEO AWARDS (NMVA 2013) WINNERS LIST |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2013/11/16/nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2013-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031235/http://tooxclusive.com/2013/11/16/nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2013-winners-list/ |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=Tooxclusive}}</ref> |- |Best High Life Video |{{Won}} |- |Best Indigenous Concept |{{Won}} |- |Best Use of Costumes |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2013|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best Collabo |"Bottom Belle" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Omawumi]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Entertainment Awards 2013 {{!}} View Full Nominees List |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/06/02/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2013-view-full-nominees-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044109/http://notjustok.com/2013/06/02/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2013-view-full-nominees-list/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Notjustok}}</ref> |- |Music Video of the Year |"Sisi Eko Remix" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Darey featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Indigenous Artist/Group | rowspan="3" |Himself |{{Nom}} |- |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Twum |first=Chris |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2013 Nominations List Finally Out |url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2013-nominations-list-finally-out/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504114121/http://thechronicle.com.gh/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2013-nominations-list-finally-out/ |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |website=The Chronicle}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |City People Entertainment Awards |Musician of the Year (Male) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=19 June 2013 |title=Ice Prince, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Sarkodie, Nse Ikpe-Etim, Yvonne Okoro, Tonto Dikeh & BellaNaija Nominated for the 2013 City People Entertainment Awards – See the Full List |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/19/ice-prince-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sarkodie-nse-ikpe-etim-yvonne-okoro-tonto-dikeh-bellanaija-nominated-for-the-2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-see-the-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408174118/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/19/ice-prince-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sarkodie-nse-ikpe-etim-yvonne-okoro-tonto-dikeh-bellanaija-nominated-for-the-2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-see-the-full-list/ |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=19 December 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo of the Year |"Give it to Me" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kcee featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=16 July 2013 |title=2013 City People Entertainment Awards: First Photos & Full List of Winners |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/16/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706115630/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/16/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=19 December 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2012 |Nigeria Music Video Awards |Best Highlife Video |"Kwarikwa" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Fally Ipupa)</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIgerian Music Video Awards (NMVA 2012 ) Full Winners List |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2012/12/21/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2012-full-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020154819/http://tooxclusive.com/2012/12/21/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2012-full-winners-list |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=24 October 2013 |publisher=tooxclusive}}</ref> |- |Channel O Music Video Awards |Best R&B Video |"[[Oyi (waka)|Oyi Remix]]" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Tiwa Savage]])</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of winners at the 2012 Channel O Music Video Awards |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/21062/3/full-list-of-winners-at-the-2012-channel-o-music-v.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926003452/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/21062/3/full-list-of-winners-at-the-2012-channel-o-music-v.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[2012 Channel O Music Video Awards]]}}</ref> |- |The Headies |Best Collabo |"Orobo" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Sound Sultan featuring Excel and Flavour)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE HEADIES (HIP HOP WORLD AWARDS 2012) WINNERS LIST |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029124148/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |website=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> |- |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2012|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best Indigenous Artist/Group |Himself |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2011 | rowspan="2" |Channel O Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Afro-Pop Video | rowspan="2" |"[[Nwa Baby]] (Ashawo Remix)" |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA GRABS 18 NOMINATIONS FOR 2011 CHANNEL O MUSIC AWARDS |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/13224/3/nigeria-grabs-18-nominations-for-2011-channel-o-mu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926085227/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/13224/3/nigeria-grabs-18-nominations-for-2011-channel-o-mu.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[Channel O Music Video Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Most Gifted African West Video |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |The Headies |Best R&B Single |"Oyi Remix" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=The 2011 Headies – 2Face Idibia, Wizkid, Dr SID, M.I, Darey, Ice Prince & Sir Shina Peters rule the Winners List! |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/10/23/the-2011-headies-2face-idibia-wizkid-dr-sid-m-i-darey-ice-prince-shina-peters-rule-the-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630052700/http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/10/23/the-2011-headies-2face-idibia-wizkid-dr-sid-m-i-darey-ice-prince-shina-peters-rule-the-winners-list/ |archive-date=30 June 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=Hip Hop World Awards Nigeria}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo |"Number One" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[M.I Abaga|M.I]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Headies (Hip hop World Awards 2011) Winners List |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201218/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=14 September 2013 |website=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> |- |[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best High Life Video |"Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2011 |title=Nigerian Music Video Awards [NMVA] 2011 Nominees… Darey & Jodie Top The List of Nominees |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/10/26/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2011-nominees-darey-jodie-top-the-list-of-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705220021/http://www.jaguda.com/2011/10/26/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2011-nominees-darey-jodie-top-the-list-of-nominees/ |archive-date=5 July 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> |- |2010 |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2010 |title=Hurray!! Sarkodie Tops Ghana Music Awards Nominations |url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2010/03/19/hurray-sarkodie-tops-ghana-music-awards-nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012075829/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2010/03/19/hurray-sarkodie-tops-ghana-music-awards-nominations |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Ghanacelebrities}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma ==   * [[Jerin mawakan Najeriya|Jerin mawaƙa na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Flavour N'abania}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a6beaumn6bhvdigwqpflaspgiify5sh 841413 841412 2026-05-28T10:24:44Z Al husuna 36457 Al husuna moved page [[Flavour]] to [[Flavour (mawaƙi)]]: ambiguities 841412 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Flavour N'abania|image=Flavour N'abania.jpg|image_size=|caption=Flavour performing at the [[2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards]]|Birth_name=Chinedu Izuchukwu Okoli|Alias=* Ijele, Mr. Flavour * Palliative Ụmụ Ashawo|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1983|11|23}}|birth_place=[[Enugu (city)|Enugu]], [[Enugu State]], Nigeria|Origin=<!-- Music origins only; please do not add the birthplace of his father -->|Genre={{hlist|[[Igbo highlife]]|[[gospel music|gospel]]<ref name="flavour12">{{cite news|url=http://www.herald.co.zw/west-african-flavour-comes-to-harare/|title=West African 'Flavour' comes to Harare|last=Butaumocho|first=Ruth|work=[[The Herald (Zimbabwe)|The Herald]]|publisher=Zimbabwe Newspapers Limited|date=3 May 2012|access-date=29 August 2014|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903102603/http://www.herald.co.zw/west-african-flavour-comes-to-harare/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hip hop flavour">{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/harp-music-nite-lights-aba-port-harcourt-others/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Harp Music Nite lights up Aba, Port Harcourt, others|date=7 June 2014|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044704/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/harp-music-nite-lights-aba-port-harcourt-others/|url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref>}}|Occupation={{hlist|Singer|songwriter}}|Years_active=2005–present|Label=2nite Music Group|website={{official website|http://www.flavourofafrica.com}}}}'''Chinedu Okoli''' (an haife shi ranar 23 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1983), wanda aka fi sani da sunan waƙarsa '''Flavour N’abania''' ko kuma '''Flavour''', mawaƙi ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙi daga Najeriya.<ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara harkar kiɗa ne a matsayin mai kaɗa ganga a wata coci ta gida. Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙinsa akwai '''Nwa Baby''' (Ashawo Remix), "Ada Ada" da "Time to Party". A halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kamfanin kiɗa na 2nite Entertainment. A shekarar 2008, ya fitar da kundin waƙarsa na farko mai suna N’abania. A shekarar 2010 kuma ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu mai suna Uplifted, wanda waƙoƙi irin su "Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)", "Adamma" da "Oyi Remix" suka tallata. Nasarar kundin ta sa Flavour ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan Afirka da aka fi nema domin shagulgula da manyan wasanni.<ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ "Chinedu Okoli"]. </cite></ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == === Rayuwa ta farko da farkon aiki === Flavour, wanda ke raira waƙa sosai a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]], an haife shi ne a [[Enugu (city)|Enugu]]_State" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Enugu State">[[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]], Najeriya. Iyalinsa sun fito ne daga Umunze, wani wuri a [[Orumba ta Kudu]], [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour N'abania's Official Website |url=http://www.flavournabania.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152015/http://www.flavournabania.com/ |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=8 November 2011}}</ref> Flavour ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa yana da shekaru 13 lokacin da ya fara buga kara don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci a Enugu, a Jihar Enugu . Fasto mai zama a cocinsa ya gabatar da shi ga aboki, Chris I. Ordor, Shugaba na SoundCity Communications.<ref name="Sun">{{Cite web |last=PETRUS OBI, Enugu |date=22 January 2010 |title=What they call 'vulgar' in my music –Flavour |url=http://64.182.81.172/webpages/features/showtime/2010/jan/22/showtime-22-01-2010-002.htm |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=THE SUN PUBLISHING LTD.}}</ref> A shekara ta 1996, an gayyaci Flavour don shiga kamfanin a kan tallafin ilimi don nazarin kiɗa.<ref name="Sun" /> Bayan shekaru uku na wasa da karafa, ya fara wasa da keyboard.<ref name="Sun" /> Ya kuma yi amfani da shi don samar da murya ga wasu mawaƙa a SoundCity . <ref name="Chinedu Okoli">{{Cite web |title=Chinedu Okoli |url=https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Igbo People Biography |publisher=IgboPeople.org |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/chinedu-okoli/ "Chinedu Okoli"]. </cite></ref> === 2008–2012: ''N'abania'', ''Uplifted'', and ''Blessed'' === In 2008, Flavour released his debut album ''[[N'abania]]'' through Obaino Music. The album's success was relative and limited to [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Eastern Nigeria]], particularly [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu State]]. Flavour collaborated with [[Mr Raw]] on the album's lead single titled "N'abania". The song was recorded at Kingsley Ogoro's music studio in Lagos, Nigeria. Following the relative success of his debut album, Flavour released ''Uplifted'' in 2010. The album broke national barriers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Henry |date=2016-03-24 |title=REVIEW OF FLAVOUR NABANIA UPLIFTED ALBUM |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/review-of-flavour-nabania-uplifted-album/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Nigeriafilms |language=en-US}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Lolhiphop Records, an established record label in South Africa, released the album after popular demand. The album's top singles include "[[Nwa Baby]] (Ashawo Remix)", "Adamma", and [[Oyi (waka)|Oyi Remix]]" (featuring [[Tiwa Savage]]). An saki kundi na uku na Flavour, Blessed, a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2012 ta hanyar 2nite Entertainment da iROKING LTD. Kundin shine magajin Uplifted . Yana da shakka mafi girman kundin Flavour har zuwa yau saboda yawan masu samar da suka yi aiki a ciki. An ƙaddamar da shi a wannan rana ta budewar 2nite Club na Flavour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour N'abania opens nite club, new album on same day |url=http://www.omg.com.ng/2012/10/flavour-nabania-opens-nite-club-new-album-on-same-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054247/http://www.omg.com.ng/2012/10/flavour-nabania-opens-nite-club-new-album-on-same-day/ |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=28 June 2013 |publisher=omg.com.ng}}</ref> A wata hira da iROKOTV, Flavour ya ce: "Ina tsammanin ina girma. Wannan shi ne kundi na uku... Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a ba su kiɗa, kamar bayyana kaina. Dole ne in zama mafi girma tare da kiɗa, kalmomi da kayan aiki masu hikima. Na yi aiki tare da tarin masu samarwa kuma duk tsarin samarwa ya zama ma'ana. " A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, Flavour ya fara yin hadin gwiwa tare da mawaƙin Senegal, Baaba Maal . Waƙar, "Afroculture" da bidiyon ta an samo su ne a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, wanda ya haifar da sabon zagaye na kundi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavour Ushers In New Era With 'Afroculture' Featuring Baaba Maal |url=https://thebulrushes.com/2025/10/31/flavour-ushers-in-new-era-with-afroculture-featuring-baaba-maal/ |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=The Bulrushes}}</ref> Daga baya aka sanar da kundin Afroculture a Instagram na Flavour kuma an watsa shi a hukumance a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2025. Tare da Waga G, [[Qing Madi]], [[Pheelz]], [[Kizz Daniel]], Azzy, da [[Odumeje]], Afroculture ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci. Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku na ''Afrocritik,'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani abu mai ban sha'awa, mai maimaitawa sosai, mai kuzari, mai ban shaʼawa, mai wadataccen al'adu, mai banbanci, kuma mai tabbatar da fasaha".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olowofoyeku |first=Yinoluwa |title=“Afroculture” Review: Flavour Embodies The Sounds of Africa on New Album |url=https://afrocritik.com/flavour-afroculture-review/ |access-date=27 December 2025 |website=Afrocritik}}</ref> == Rikici == A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, Nigerian Entertainment Today ta ba da rahoton cewa Flavour ya shiga cikin yakin shari'a tare da duo na Ghana Wutah, game da zargin satar "Kwarikwa". A cewar labarin, "Kwarikwa" daidai ne na "Kotosa", waƙar da duo da aka ambata a sama suka yi. Duo ɗin mawaƙa sun zargi Flavour da satar waƙoƙin su, mawaƙa, da kuma saurin. == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''[[N'abania]]'' (2008) * An yi amfani da shi (2010) * ''[[Albarka (Flavour album)|Albarka]]'' (2012) * ''Na gode'' (2014) * ''[[Ijele Mai Tafiya]]'' (2017) * ''[[Jin daɗin Afirka]]'' (2020) * ''Sarautar Afirka'' (2023) * ''Al'adun Afirka'' (2025) == Hotunan bidiyo == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Album !Daraktan !Tabbacin. |- |2011 |"Adamma" |''An ɗaga shi'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaguda |date=5 October 2011 |title=New Video: Flavour – Adamma {{!}} Jaguda.com |url=http://jaguda.com/2011/10/05/new-video-flavour-adamma-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803201842/http://jaguda.com/2011/10/05/new-video-flavour-adamma-2/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Oyi Remix" tare da Tiwa Savage<small>nuna [[Tiwa Savage]]</small> |''An ɗaga shi'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2012 |title=Tiwa Savage – Oyi [Remix] |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624213346/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/tiwa-savage-oyi-remix/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Kwarikwa" tare da Fally Ipupa<small>nuna Fally IpupaIpupa na Ƙarya</small> |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaguda |date=31 July 2012 |title=New Video: Flavour – Kwarikwa [Remix] ft. Fally Ipupa + Audio Download |url=http://jaguda.com/2012/07/31/new-video-flavour-kwarikwa-remix-ft-fally-ipupa-audio-download/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803195905/http://jaguda.com/2012/07/31/new-video-flavour-kwarikwa-remix-ft-fally-ipupa-audio-download/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Baby Oku" |''Albarka'' |[[Selebobo]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=MUSIC: Flavour – Baby Oku (Prod. Selebobo) |url=https://www.intonaija.com/music/flavour-baby-oku/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007220825/https://www.intonaija.com/music/flavour-baby-oku |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=IntoNaija.com}}</ref> |- |2012 |"Rashin girgizar" |''Albarka'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2012 |title=Flavour – Shake |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/flavour-shake/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615190432/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/flavour-shake/ |archive-date=15 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2013 |"Ɗan na Sin" |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2013 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Chinny Baby |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-chinny-baby/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624214619/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-chinny-baby/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2013 |"Ada Ada" |''Albarka'' |[[Clarence Peters]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2013 |title=New Video: Flavour – Ada Ada |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/new-video-flavour-ada-ada/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624100603/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/07/new-video-flavour-ada-ada/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Ikwokrikwo" |''Albarka'' |Jagora mai ƙarfi |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2014 |title=DOWNLOAD:VIDEO: Flavour – Ikwokrikwo –notjustOk |url=http://notjustok.com/2014/01/13/video-flavour-ikworikwo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805135627/http://notjustok.com/2014/01/13/video-flavour-ikworikwo/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Black yana da kyau" |''Albarka'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2014 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Black Is Beautiful |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-black-beautiful/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624212725/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/video-flavour-black-beautiful/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=tooxclusive.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Tashi" tare da Wande Coal<small>nuna Wande Coal</small> |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2014 |title=MUSIC: Flavour – Wake Up Ft. Wande Coal |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2014/09/music-flavour-wake-up-ft-wande-coal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624100511/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/09/music-flavour-wake-up-ft-wande-coal/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Golibe" |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2014 |title=VIDEO: Flavour – Gollibe |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2014/12/video-flavour-gollibe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624101233/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/12/video-flavour-gollibe/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=360Nobs.com}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Ololufe" tare da Chidinma<small>nuna [[Chidinma]]</small> |''Na gode'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=Flavour, Chidinma Duo share deep kiss in new video |url=http://pulse.ng/music/flavour-chidinma-duo-share-deep-kiss-in-new-video-id3472761.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215091126/http://pulse.ng/music/flavour-chidinma-duo-share-deep-kiss-in-new-video-id3472761.html |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=Joey Akan}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Sexy Rosey" tare da P-Square<small>nuna [[P-Square]]</small> |''Na gode'' |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=Flavour – Sexy Rosey ft P Square (Video) |url=https://sololoaded.com/flavour-sexy-rosey-ft-p-square-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725122951/https://sololoaded.com/flavour-sexy-rosey-ft-p-square-video/ |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=July 25, 2021 |website=Sololoaded}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Champion"|{{N/a}} |Ayyukan Godfather |<ref name="Naijaloaded">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2016 |title=[Video] Flavour – Champion |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-flavour-champion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725123000/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/video/video-flavour-champion |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=July 25, 2021 |website=Naijaloaded}}</ref> |- |2016 |"Zan" |''Na gode'' |Clarence Peters |<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2016 |title=New Video: Flavour – Dance |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/new-video-flavour-dance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608195042/http://www.bellanaija.com/2016/04/new-video-flavour-dance/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Crazy Love" tare da Yemi Alade | |Patrick Elis | |- |2018 |"Awele" tare da Umu Obiligbo|{{N/a}} |Selebobo | |- |2021 |Matsayi | |Patrick Ellis |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=Peace |date=2021-10-12 |title=Flavour – Levels |url=https://www.entmediahub.com.ng/audio-video-flavour-levels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209223708/https://www.entmediahub.com.ng/audio-video-flavour-levels/ |archive-date=9 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Entmediahub |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  {| class="wikitable" !Year !Event !Prize !Recipient !Result !Ref |- |2025 |The Headies |Afrobeats Single of the Year |"Big Baller" |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2025 winners full list: Davido, Odumodu BLVCK, Tems, Rema and odas wey win for di 17th edition |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c62je7k97nro.amp |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |All Africa Music Awards |Best Artiste/Duo/Group in African Traditional |"Levels" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=The Nominations Are In! Here’s Every African Artiste Nominated For An AFRIMA 2022 Award |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/09/afrima-2022-award-nomination/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |The Headies | rowspan="2" |Best Alternative Song |"Game Changer (Dike)" |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | rowspan="2" |The Headies | rowspan="2" |"Doings" <small>(featuring Phyno)</small> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grein |first=Paul |date=5 September 2022 |title=Wizkid & Tems Are Top Winners at 2022 Headies Awards (Full Winners List) |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2022-headies-awards-full-winners-list-1235134815/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- |Song of the Year |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 | rowspan="2" |All Africa Music Awards |Best Artiste, Duo or Group in African Dance or Choreography | rowspan="2" |"Berna Reloaded" <small>(featuring Fally Ipupa and Diamond Platnumz)</small> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2021 |title=Afrima Awards 2021 winners list: Wizkid, Iba One, Fireboy DML, win for dis year All Africa Music Awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59370781 |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BBC News Pidgin]]}}</ref> |- |Best African Video |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Myers Hansen |first=Gabriel |date=23 September 2021 |title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 | rowspan="3" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Live Act |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=Here are the 2019 AFRIMMA Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/here-are-the-2019-afrimma-nominees-burna-boy-wizkid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808073131/https://www.okayafrica.com/here-are-the-2019-afrimma-nominees-burna-boy-wizkid/ |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- |Best Collaboration | rowspan="2" |"Awele" <small>(featuring Umu Obiligbo)</small> |{{Nom}} |- |Video of The Year |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2018 | rowspan="2" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=AFRIMMA 2018: See Full List Of Nominees |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/07/afrimma-2018-see-full-list-nominees/ |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |Best Live Act |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=AFRIMMA 2018: Full list of winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/afrimma-2018-full-list-winners |access-date=2 November 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Best R&B/Pop Album | rowspan="2" |''[[Ijele Mai Tafiya|Ijele the Traveler]]'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Album of the Year |{{Nom}} |- |Best Performer | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="6" |2016 | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Special Recognition |{{honored}} | |- |Best Pop Single | rowspan="2" |"M.O.N.E.Y" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Timaya featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adelana |first=Oludolapo |date=9 November 2016 |title=Full list of nominees for the 2016 Headies Awards |url=https://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=YNaija}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo |{{Nom}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live Act |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Alyssa |date=22 October 2016 |title=Here’s the Full List of Nominees at the 2016 MTV Africa Music Awards in Johannesburg |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/heres-the-full-list-of-nominees-at-the-2016-mtv-africa-music-awards-in-johannesburg/147479 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Nigeria Entertainment Awards |Indigenous Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Won}} | |- |Collaboration of the Year |"Finally" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Masterkraft featuring Flavour N'abania and [[Sarkodie]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2016 |title=Nominations are Here! Find out who Made the 2016 Nigerian Entertainment Awards Nominees List |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/nominations-are-here-find-out-who-made-the-2016-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-list/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- | rowspan="19" |2015 |tooXclusive Awards |Best R&B Track |"Ololufe" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Chidinma]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donnett |first=Jim |date=15 January 2016 |title=tooXclusive AWARDS 2015 – WINNERS! |url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/tooxclusive-awards-2015-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060304/https://tooxclusive.com/news/tooxclusive-awards-2015-winners/ |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=[[tooXclusive]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |COSON Song Awards | rowspan="2" |Best Collabo Song |"Wake Up" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Wande Coal)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="7" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male - West Africa |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2015 |title=Nominees revealed for AFRIMMA in the USA |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/nominees-revealed-afrimma-usa |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Best Dance in a Video |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Traditional Artist |Himself |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2015 |title=Winners at the AFRIMMA 2015 Muzik Awards |url=https://www.newsmart.com.ng/2015/11/winners-at-afrimma-2015-muzik-awards.html |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Newsmart}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Video of the Year |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Won}} |- |"Golibe" |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref name=":16" /> |- |Best Collaboration |"Nana" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Diamond Platnumz featuring Flavour)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |All Africa Music Awards |Best Male Artist in Western Africa |Flavour for "Golibe" |{{Nom}} |<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=All Africa Music Awards, AFRIMA, 2015 Final Nominees List |url=https://www.afrima.org/index.php/media2/news-update/161-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-final-nominees-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906223827/https://www.afrima.org/index.php/media2/news-update/161-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-final-nominees-list |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=12 December 2025 |website=Afrima.org}}</ref> |- |Best Artist in African Electro |Flavour for "Power to Win" |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yhusuff |first=Al |date=16 November 2015 |title=All Africa Music Awards (AFRIMA) 2015 {{!}} Winners List |url=https://tooxclusive.com/news/all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118230114/https://tooxclusive.com/news/all-africa-music-awards-afrima-2015-winners-list/ |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=tooXclusive}}</ref> |- |Album of the Year |''Thankful'' |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref name=":15" /> |- |Artist of the Year |Flavour for "Golibe" |{{Nom}} |- |Nigerian Music Video Awards |Best Highlife Video |"Sexy Rosey" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[P-Square]])</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2015 |title=2015 Nigerian Music Video Awards throws up interesting matchups |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2015-nigerian-music-video-awards-throws-interesting-matchups |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta 2015|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Indigenous Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Danielle |date=15 June 2015 |title=The Nigeria Entertainment Awards Announce 2015 Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/the-nigeria-entertainment-awards-announce-2015-nominees/161674 |access-date=29 September 2025 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> |- |Male Artist of the Year |{{Nom}} |- |Album of the Year |''Thankful'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="16" |2014 |All Africa Music Awards |Best Male Artiste in West Africa |Flavour for "Ada Ada" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=AFRIMA 2014 Nominees' List |url=http://afrima.org/index.php/latest-news/news-update/128-afrima-2014-nominees-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926072658/http://afrima.org/index.php/latest-news/news-update/128-afrima-2014-nominees-list |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=13 February 2026 |publisher=AFRIMA.org}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |The Headies |Best Music Video |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} | |- |Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | |- |Channel O Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Afro Pop Video |"Ada Ada" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Rhodé |date=5 September 2014 |title=Channel O Africa announces Music Video Awards nominees |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913011117/http://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-05-channel-o-africa-announces-music-video-awards-nominees |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2014|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Indigenous Artist of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" | |- |Best Album of the Year |''[[Albarka (Flavour album)|Blessed]]'' |{{Nom}} |- |Best Music Video of the Year (Artist & Director) | rowspan="2" |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Collaboration |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |Best Male West Africa | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2014 |title=See Nominees for the African Muzik Magazine Awards (AFRIMMA) 2014 |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/09/see-the-nominees-for-the-african-muzik-magazine-awards-afrimma-2014/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728233201/http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/09/see-the-nominees-for-the-african-muzik-magazine-awards-afrimma-2014/ |archive-date=28 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- |Best Traditional Artist |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2014 |title=Sarkodie, Fuse ODG, DJ Black, others win at AFRIMMA Awards |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=318709 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810025853/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/artikel.php?ID=318709 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=Ghana Web}}</ref> |- |Best Video of the Year |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|City People Entertainment Awards]] |Musician of the Year (Male) |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Best Collabo of the Year |"Oh! Baby (You & I)" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Chidinma]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} |- |MTV Africa Music Awards |Best Live Act | rowspan="2" |Himself |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Davido lead nominations for MTV Africa Music Awards |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420073700/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2014/04/17/mafikizolo-uhuru-davido-lead-nominations-for-mtv-africa-music-awards |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |publisher=Sowetan LIVE}}</ref> |- |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Nomination |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/march-2nd/full-list-of-2014-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-nominations.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310010430/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/march-2nd/full-list-of-2014-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-nominations.php |archive-date=10 March 2014 |access-date=9 March 2014 |publisher=Ghana Fame}}</ref> |- | rowspan="13" |2013 | rowspan="3" |The Headies |Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2013 and Full List of winners |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231501/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=27 December 2013 |publisher=Osun Defender}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2013 |title=#BaddestGuyEverLiveth: Olamide bags 8 nominations for the "Headies" – See full nomination list |url=http://www.ynaija.com/baddestguyeverliveth-olamide-bags-8-nominations-for-the-headies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123229/http://www.ynaija.com/baddestguyeverliveth-olamide-bags-8-nominations-for-the-headies/ |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=6 December 2013 |publisher=YNaija.com}}</ref> |- |Album of the Year | rowspan="2" |''Blessed'' |{{Nom}} |- |Best R&B/Pop Album |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |Nigeria Music Video Awards |Video of the Year | rowspan="4" |"Ada Ada" |{{Won}} | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2013 |title=NIGERIA MUSIC VIDEO AWARDS (NMVA 2013) WINNERS LIST |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2013/11/16/nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2013-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031235/http://tooxclusive.com/2013/11/16/nigeria-music-video-awards-nmva-2013-winners-list/ |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=17 November 2013 |publisher=Tooxclusive}}</ref> |- |Best High Life Video |{{Won}} |- |Best Indigenous Concept |{{Won}} |- |Best Use of Costumes |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2013|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best Collabo |"Bottom Belle" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[Omawumi]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Entertainment Awards 2013 {{!}} View Full Nominees List |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/06/02/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2013-view-full-nominees-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044109/http://notjustok.com/2013/06/02/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2013-view-full-nominees-list/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Notjustok}}</ref> |- |Music Video of the Year |"Sisi Eko Remix" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Darey featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Nom}} |- |Best Indigenous Artist/Group | rowspan="3" |Himself |{{Nom}} |- |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Twum |first=Chris |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2013 Nominations List Finally Out |url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2013-nominations-list-finally-out/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504114121/http://thechronicle.com.gh/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2013-nominations-list-finally-out/ |archive-date=4 May 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |website=The Chronicle}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |City People Entertainment Awards |Musician of the Year (Male) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=19 June 2013 |title=Ice Prince, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Sarkodie, Nse Ikpe-Etim, Yvonne Okoro, Tonto Dikeh & BellaNaija Nominated for the 2013 City People Entertainment Awards – See the Full List |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/19/ice-prince-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sarkodie-nse-ikpe-etim-yvonne-okoro-tonto-dikeh-bellanaija-nominated-for-the-2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-see-the-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408174118/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/06/19/ice-prince-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sarkodie-nse-ikpe-etim-yvonne-okoro-tonto-dikeh-bellanaija-nominated-for-the-2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-see-the-full-list/ |archive-date=8 April 2014 |access-date=19 December 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo of the Year |"Give it to Me" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kcee featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=16 July 2013 |title=2013 City People Entertainment Awards: First Photos & Full List of Winners |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/16/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706115630/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/16/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=19 December 2013 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2012 |Nigeria Music Video Awards |Best Highlife Video |"Kwarikwa" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Fally Ipupa)</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIgerian Music Video Awards (NMVA 2012 ) Full Winners List |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2012/12/21/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2012-full-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020154819/http://tooxclusive.com/2012/12/21/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2012-full-winners-list |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=24 October 2013 |publisher=tooxclusive}}</ref> |- |Channel O Music Video Awards |Best R&B Video |"[[Oyi (waka)|Oyi Remix]]" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring [[Tiwa Savage]])</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of winners at the 2012 Channel O Music Video Awards |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/21062/3/full-list-of-winners-at-the-2012-channel-o-music-v.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926003452/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/21062/3/full-list-of-winners-at-the-2012-channel-o-music-v.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[2012 Channel O Music Video Awards]]}}</ref> |- |The Headies |Best Collabo |"Orobo" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Sound Sultan featuring Excel and Flavour)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE HEADIES (HIP HOP WORLD AWARDS 2012) WINNERS LIST |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029124148/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |website=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> |- |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2012|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best Indigenous Artist/Group |Himself |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="5" |2011 | rowspan="2" |Channel O Music Video Awards |Most Gifted Afro-Pop Video | rowspan="2" |"[[Nwa Baby]] (Ashawo Remix)" |{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA GRABS 18 NOMINATIONS FOR 2011 CHANNEL O MUSIC AWARDS |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/13224/3/nigeria-grabs-18-nominations-for-2011-channel-o-mu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926085227/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/13224/3/nigeria-grabs-18-nominations-for-2011-channel-o-mu.html |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[Channel O Music Video Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Most Gifted African West Video |{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |The Headies |Best R&B Single |"Oyi Remix" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring Tiwa Savage)</span> |{{Nom}} |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2011 |title=The 2011 Headies – 2Face Idibia, Wizkid, Dr SID, M.I, Darey, Ice Prince & Sir Shina Peters rule the Winners List! |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/10/23/the-2011-headies-2face-idibia-wizkid-dr-sid-m-i-darey-ice-prince-shina-peters-rule-the-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630052700/http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/10/23/the-2011-headies-2face-idibia-wizkid-dr-sid-m-i-darey-ice-prince-shina-peters-rule-the-winners-list/ |archive-date=30 June 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=Hip Hop World Awards Nigeria}}</ref> |- |Best Collabo |"Number One" <br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">([[M.I Abaga|M.I]] featuring Flavour N'abania)</span> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Headies (Hip hop World Awards 2011) Winners List |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201218/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=14 September 2013 |website=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> |- |[[Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] |Best High Life Video |"Nwa Baby (Ashawo Remix)" |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2011 |title=Nigerian Music Video Awards [NMVA] 2011 Nominees… Darey & Jodie Top The List of Nominees |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/10/26/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2011-nominees-darey-jodie-top-the-list-of-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705220021/http://www.jaguda.com/2011/10/26/nigerian-music-video-awards-nmva-2011-nominees-darey-jodie-top-the-list-of-nominees/ |archive-date=5 July 2013 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> |- |2010 |Ghana Music Awards |African Artiste of the Year |Himself |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2010 |title=Hurray!! Sarkodie Tops Ghana Music Awards Nominations |url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2010/03/19/hurray-sarkodie-tops-ghana-music-awards-nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012075829/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2010/03/19/hurray-sarkodie-tops-ghana-music-awards-nominations |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Ghanacelebrities}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma ==   * [[Jerin mawakan Najeriya|Jerin mawaƙa na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Flavour N'abania}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a6beaumn6bhvdigwqpflaspgiify5sh 0 152706 841414 2026-05-28T10:24:45Z Al husuna 36457 Al husuna moved page [[Flavour]] to [[Flavour (mawaƙi)]]: ambiguities 841414 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Flavour (mawaƙi)]] 84efgn9qpi0aum605ro8u6deiiscm4i 0 152707 841416 2026-05-28T10:31:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348566858|Lake Rwanyakazinga]]" 841416 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Tafkin Rwanyakizinga'''''' (wanda aka fi sani da Tafkin Ranyakizinga) tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] wanda ke cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera, wanda ke kewaye da [[Gundumar Nyagatare]] da Gatsibo a Lardin Gabas . Ya rufe 19.6 km2, yana kwance a tsawo na mita 1,442 kuma yana cikin ɗayan manyan tsarin ruwa na Gabashin Afirka.<ref name="MDPI2017">{{Cite journal |last=Fickas |first=K.C. |last2=Cohen |first2=W.B. |last3=Yang |first3=Z. |date=2017 |title=Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda |journal=Sustainability |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=174 |bibcode=2017Sust....9..174N |doi=10.3390/su9020174 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tafkin muhimmiyar wurin zama ne na namun daji, wanda ke tallafawa hippopotamuses, Nile crocodiles, da kuma tsuntsaye daban-daban, kuma bakin tekun da ke gefen papyrus suna ziyarta da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na musamman na wurin shakatawa na kasa.<ref name="yellowzebra">{{Cite web |title=Wilderness Magashi Camp – Rwanda Luxury Safari |url=https://yellowzebrasafaris.com/us/rwanda/accommodation/magashi-camp/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Yellow Zebra Safaris}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Rwanyakazinga yana da yanki na 19.6 km2 tare da kewayon 43.7 km. Yana da siffar da ta fi tsayi a kudu maso yamma-arewa maso gabas, tare da matsakaicin tsawon kilomita 10.3 da matsakaitan faɗin kilomita 4.3. Matsakaicin zurfin Tafkin Rwanyakazinga shine 4.3 m.<ref name="nativeafricatours">{{Cite web |last=Chris |date=2025-01-31 |title=Lake Rwanyakazinga in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.nativeafricatours.com/lake-rwanyakazinga-in-akagera-national-park/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Native Africa Tours |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin arewa yana cikin yankin Karangazi na [[Gundumar Nyagatare]], yayin da gefen kudu yana cikin yankin Rwimbogo na Gunduma ta Gatsibo. A kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Rwanyakazinga akwai Tafkin Mihindi . Dukansu suna daga cikin rukunin tabkuna da ke gefen [[Kogin Kagera]] da kuma cikin marshes na Akagera. Koyaya, yawancin tabkuna ba su da alaƙa ta dindindin da Kogin Kagera. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin ruwan sama, wanda ke faruwa sau biyu a shekara, kuma ƙananan koguna masu yawa suna gudana cikin tabkuna a wannan lokacin. Saboda haka matakin ruwa ya bambanta da kimanin mita 1 zuwa 1.5. Jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankin ya kai 650 zuwa 900 mm. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Tafkin Rwanyakazinga gida ne ga hippopotamuses da Nilu crocodiles; turtles da amphibians ma sun zama ruwan dare a tafkin da kewayenta. Gidan shakatawa na Akagera yana tallafawa nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da dabbobi kamar [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwaye]], [[Ɓauna|buffaloes]], zebras, waterbucks, kudancin reedbucks, Grimm's duikers, roan antelopes, Impalace, warthogs, da [[Damisa|leopards]] suna yawan zuwa gabar tafkin. Gidan papyrus na tafkin yana tallafawa sanannun nau'ikan tsuntsaye, gami da papyrus gonolek da gaggafa na kifi na Afirka. Jerin binciken Avibase na Akagera National Park ya rubuta nau'in 503 a cikin wurin shakatawa gaba ɗaya.<ref name="avibase">{{Cite web |title=Bird checklists – Akagera National Park |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=RW02ak |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Avibase |publisher=Bird Studies Canada}}</ref> Tilapia da catfish sune manyan nau'in kifi da aka rubuta a cikin tsarin tabkuna na Akagera, gami da Tafkin Rwanyakazinga . == Kifi == Ana yin kamun kifi a tafkin. Tilapia da catfish sune nau'ikan da suka dace da kasuwanci da aka kama a cikin tabkuna na Akagera, gami da Tafkin Rwanyakazinga . Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta rubuta damuwa game da raguwar kifi a duk tabkuna na Akagera National Park. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] koompciexrkqej0s9rro20lrc9b9tm2 841418 841416 2026-05-28T10:31:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 841418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Tafkin Rwanyakizinga'''''' (wanda aka fi sani da Tafkin Ranyakizinga) tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] wanda ke cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera, wanda ke kewaye da [[Gundumar Nyagatare]] da Gatsibo a Lardin Gabas . Ya rufe 19.6 km2, yana kwance a tsawo na mita 1,442 kuma yana cikin ɗayan manyan tsarin ruwa na Gabashin Afirka.<ref name="MDPI2017">{{Cite journal |last=Fickas |first=K.C. |last2=Cohen |first2=W.B. |last3=Yang |first3=Z. |date=2017 |title=Mapping and Monitoring the Akagera Wetland in Rwanda |journal=Sustainability |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=174 |bibcode=2017Sust....9..174N |doi=10.3390/su9020174 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tafkin muhimmiyar wurin zama ne na namun daji, wanda ke tallafawa hippopotamuses, Nile crocodiles, da kuma tsuntsaye daban-daban, kuma bakin tekun da ke gefen papyrus suna ziyarta da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na musamman na wurin shakatawa na kasa.<ref name="yellowzebra">{{Cite web |title=Wilderness Magashi Camp – Rwanda Luxury Safari |url=https://yellowzebrasafaris.com/us/rwanda/accommodation/magashi-camp/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Yellow Zebra Safaris}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Rwanyakazinga yana da yanki na 19.6 km2 tare da kewayon 43.7 km. Yana da siffar da ta fi tsayi a kudu maso yamma-arewa maso gabas, tare da matsakaicin tsawon kilomita 10.3 da matsakaitan faɗin kilomita 4.3. Matsakaicin zurfin Tafkin Rwanyakazinga shine 4.3 m.<ref name="nativeafricatours">{{Cite web |last=Chris |date=2025-01-31 |title=Lake Rwanyakazinga in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.nativeafricatours.com/lake-rwanyakazinga-in-akagera-national-park/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Native Africa Tours |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin arewa yana cikin yankin Karangazi na [[Gundumar Nyagatare]], yayin da gefen kudu yana cikin yankin Rwimbogo na Gunduma ta Gatsibo. A kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Rwanyakazinga akwai Tafkin Mihindi . Dukansu suna daga cikin rukunin tabkuna da ke gefen [[Kogin Kagera]] da kuma cikin marshes na Akagera. Koyaya, yawancin tabkuna ba su da alaƙa ta dindindin da Kogin Kagera. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin ruwan sama, wanda ke faruwa sau biyu a shekara, kuma ƙananan koguna masu yawa suna gudana cikin tabkuna a wannan lokacin. Saboda haka matakin ruwa ya bambanta da kimanin mita 1 zuwa 1.5. Jimlar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankin ya kai 650 zuwa 900 mm. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Tafkin Rwanyakazinga gida ne ga hippopotamuses da Nilu crocodiles; turtles da amphibians ma sun zama ruwan dare a tafkin da kewayenta. Gidan shakatawa na Akagera yana tallafawa nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da dabbobi kamar [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwaye]], [[Ɓauna|buffaloes]], zebras, waterbucks, kudancin reedbucks, Grimm's duikers, roan antelopes, Impalace, warthogs, da [[Damisa|leopards]] suna yawan zuwa gabar tafkin. Gidan papyrus na tafkin yana tallafawa sanannun nau'ikan tsuntsaye, gami da papyrus gonolek da gaggafa na kifi na Afirka. Jerin binciken Avibase na Akagera National Park ya rubuta nau'in 503 a cikin wurin shakatawa gaba ɗaya.<ref name="avibase">{{Cite web |title=Bird checklists – Akagera National Park |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=RW02ak |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Avibase |publisher=Bird Studies Canada}}</ref> Tilapia da catfish sune manyan nau'in kifi da aka rubuta a cikin tsarin tabkuna na Akagera, gami da Tafkin Rwanyakazinga . == Kifi == Ana yin kamun kifi a tafkin. Tilapia da catfish sune nau'ikan da suka dace da kasuwanci da aka kama a cikin tabkuna na Akagera, gami da Tafkin Rwanyakazinga . Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta rubuta damuwa game da raguwar kifi a duk tabkuna na Akagera National Park. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * Gidan shakatawa na Akagera * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] r9d56fj0n3o8rk6qvvauuqn0wv3c6ml 0 152708 841417 2026-05-28T10:31:05Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352026907|Afuze]]" 841417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Afuze|settlement_type=Town|image_skyline=|image_caption=|coordinates={{coord|6.9510|N|6.1261|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title,inline}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Nigeria|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Edo State]]|subdivision_type2=[[Local Government Areas in Nigeria|LGA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Owan East]]|government_type=[[Local Government]]|unit_pref=Metric|timezone1=WAT|utc_offset1=+1|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|pushpin_mapsize=|coor_pinpoint=Town Hall|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|mapframe=yes|mapframe-zoom=8|mapframe-wikidata=yes|mapframe-marker=town|postal_code_type=Postal code|postal_code=313001}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Afuze</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="8" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Afuze","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Afuze"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[6.1261,6.951],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Afuze","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Afuze</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Afuze is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:70.49%;left:31.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Afuze]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Afuze</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar sadarwa (Town Hall): 6°57′04′′N 6°07′34′′E / 6.9510°N 6.1261°E / 6. 9510; 6.1261&#x20;<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Afuze&params=6.9510_N_6.1261_E_region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°57′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°07′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.9510°N 6.1261°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.9510; 6.1261</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Edo|Jihar Edo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|LGA]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Owan ta Gabas|Gabashin Owan]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Ƙaramar hukuma|Karamar Hukumar]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (WAT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">313001</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Yanayi]] | class="infobox-data" |Aw |} '''Afuze''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas a [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]], kuma shi ne hedikwatar gudanarwa ta Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en |volume=9 |pages=457–464 |doi=10.4314/jonamp.v9i1.40082 |issn=1116-4336 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005-01-01 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Sunan garin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Afen-su-Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ma’ana “ƙabilar Uze”, inda <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki> wani nau’in ciyawar ruwa ce mai kama da kara. Asalin garin ana danganta shi da wani mutum mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Imoigan<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Imah da Uzuanbi. Da farko, Afuze sansanin noma ne kawai, amma daga baya ya bunƙasa ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci a kan tsoffin hanyoyin cinikayya tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo State {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/states/edo-state |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogbomo |first=Onaiwu W. |date=1994 |title=Constructing a Precolonial Owan Chronology and Dating Framework |journal=History in Africa |volume=21 |pages=219–249 |doi=10.2307/3171887 |issn=0361-5413 |jstor=3171887}}</ref> Waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun taimaka wajen musayar kayayyaki irin su hauren giwa, kayan ƙamshi da yadudduka, abin da ya haifar da bunƙasar tattalin arzikin da ya taimaka wajen ci gaban Afuze.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Senbore |first=Samson S |last2=Oke |first2=Saheed A |date=2021-03-01 |title=Geophysical and Geochemical Assessment of Afuze Bentonitic Clay: Implication for Mud Drilling Additive in Drilling Industry |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=690 |issue=1 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012034 |issn=1755-1307 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Afuze tana a yankin arewacin Jihar Edo. Yanayin ƙasar garin ya ƙunshi tuddai masu laushi da kuma ciyayi irin na yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Owan East Local Government Area |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Owan-East-Local-Government-Area/62171/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Edo State}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] 7em18rd8f5igahr89cf8su9h9j5n5kp 841419 841417 2026-05-28T10:31:33Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Afuze|settlement_type=Town|image_skyline=|image_caption=|coordinates={{coord|6.9510|N|6.1261|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title,inline}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Nigeria|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Edo State]]|subdivision_type2=[[Local Government Areas in Nigeria|LGA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Owan East]]|government_type=[[Local Government]]|unit_pref=Metric|timezone1=WAT|utc_offset1=+1|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|pushpin_mapsize=|coor_pinpoint=Town Hall|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|mapframe=yes|mapframe-zoom=8|mapframe-wikidata=yes|mapframe-marker=town|postal_code_type=Postal code|postal_code=313001}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Afuze</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="8" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Afuze","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Afuze"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[6.1261,6.951],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Afuze","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Afuze</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Afuze is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:70.49%;left:31.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Afuze]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Afuze</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar sadarwa (Town Hall): 6°57′04′′N 6°07′34′′E / 6.9510°N 6.1261°E / 6. 9510; 6.1261&#x20;<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Afuze&params=6.9510_N_6.1261_E_region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°57′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°07′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.9510°N 6.1261°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.9510; 6.1261</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Edo|Jihar Edo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|LGA]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Owan ta Gabas|Gabashin Owan]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Ƙaramar hukuma|Karamar Hukumar]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (WAT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">313001</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Yanayi]] | class="infobox-data" |Aw |} '''Afuze''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas a [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]], kuma shi ne hedikwatar gudanarwa ta Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en |volume=9 |pages=457–464 |doi=10.4314/jonamp.v9i1.40082 |issn=1116-4336 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005-01-01 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Sunan garin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Afen-su-Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ma’ana “ƙabilar Uze”, inda <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki> wani nau’in ciyawar ruwa ce mai kama da kara. Asalin garin ana danganta shi da wani mutum mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Imoigan<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Imah da Uzuanbi. Da farko, Afuze sansanin noma ne kawai, amma daga baya ya bunƙasa ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci a kan tsoffin hanyoyin cinikayya tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo State {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/states/edo-state |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogbomo |first=Onaiwu W. |date=1994 |title=Constructing a Precolonial Owan Chronology and Dating Framework |journal=History in Africa |volume=21 |pages=219–249 |doi=10.2307/3171887 |issn=0361-5413 |jstor=3171887}}</ref> Waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun taimaka wajen musayar kayayyaki irin su hauren giwa, kayan ƙamshi da yadudduka, abin da ya haifar da bunƙasar tattalin arzikin da ya taimaka wajen ci gaban Afuze.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Senbore |first=Samson S |last2=Oke |first2=Saheed A |date=2021-03-01 |title=Geophysical and Geochemical Assessment of Afuze Bentonitic Clay: Implication for Mud Drilling Additive in Drilling Industry |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=690 |issue=1 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012034 |issn=1755-1307 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Afuze tana a yankin arewacin Jihar Edo. Yanayin ƙasar garin ya ƙunshi tuddai masu laushi da kuma ciyayi irin na yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Owan East Local Government Area |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Owan-East-Local-Government-Area/62171/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Edo State}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] 5raadr06dbf5tai34ae5z198vmagg3r 841425 841419 2026-05-28T10:33:33Z Muhammadsanijalingo003 45277 841425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Afuze|settlement_type=Town|image_skyline=|image_caption=|coordinates={{coord|6.9510|N|6.1261|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title,inline}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Nigeria|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Edo State]]|subdivision_type2=[[Local Government Areas in Nigeria|LGA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Owan East]]|government_type=[[Local Government]]|unit_pref=Metric|timezone1=WAT|utc_offset1=+1|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=right|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|pushpin_mapsize=|coor_pinpoint=Town Hall|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|mapframe=yes|mapframe-zoom=8|mapframe-wikidata=yes|mapframe-marker=town|postal_code_type=Postal code|postal_code=313001}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Afuze</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="8" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Afuze","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Afuze"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q122026767"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[6.1261,6.951],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Afuze","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Afuze</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Afuze is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:70.49%;left:31.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Afuze]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Afuze</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar sadarwa (Town Hall): 6°57′04′′N 6°07′34′′E / 6.9510°N 6.1261°E / 6. 9510; 6.1261&#x20;<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Afuze&params=6.9510_N_6.1261_E_region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°57′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°07′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.9510°N 6.1261°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.9510; 6.1261</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Edo|Jihar Edo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|LGA]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Owan ta Gabas|Gabashin Owan]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |[[Ƙaramar hukuma|Karamar Hukumar]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (WAT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">313001</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Yanayi]] | class="infobox-data" |Aw |} '''Afuze''' gari ne da ke cikin Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas a [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]], kuma shi ne hedikwatar gudanarwa ta Ƙaramar Hukumar Owan ta Gabas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en |volume=9 |pages=457–464 |doi=10.4314/jonamp.v9i1.40082 |issn=1116-4336 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molua |first=O. C. |last2=Emagbetere |first2=J. U. |date=2005-01-01 |title=Determination of water table using electrical sounding technique: A case study of Afuze Edo State, Nigeria |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jonamp/article/view/40082 |journal=Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Sunan garin ya samo asali ne daga kalmar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Afen-su-Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ma’ana “ƙabilar Uze”, inda <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Uze<nowiki>'''</nowiki> wani nau’in ciyawar ruwa ce mai kama da kara. Asalin garin ana danganta shi da wani mutum mai suna <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Imoigan<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Imah da Uzuanbi. Da farko, Afuze sansanin noma ne kawai, amma daga baya ya bunƙasa ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci a kan tsoffin hanyoyin cinikayya tsakanin yankuna daban-daban na Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo State {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/states/edo-state |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogbomo |first=Onaiwu W. |date=1994 |title=Constructing a Precolonial Owan Chronology and Dating Framework |journal=History in Africa |volume=21 |pages=219–249 |doi=10.2307/3171887 |issn=0361-5413 |jstor=3171887}}</ref> Waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun taimaka wajen musayar kayayyaki irin su hauren giwa, kayan ƙamshi da yadudduka, abin da ya haifar da bunƙasar tattalin arzikin da ya taimaka wajen ci gaban Afuze.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Senbore |first=Samson S |last2=Oke |first2=Saheed A |date=2021-03-01 |title=Geophysical and Geochemical Assessment of Afuze Bentonitic Clay: Implication for Mud Drilling Additive in Drilling Industry |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=690 |issue=1 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012034 |issn=1755-1307 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Afuze tana a yankin arewacin Jihar Edo. Yanayin ƙasar garin ya ƙunshi tuddai masu laushi da kuma ciyayi irin na yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Owan East Local Government Area |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Owan-East-Local-Government-Area/62171/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] 27zngm55fmrl9q425dcf9f4rsjjgh03 0 152709 841420 2026-05-28T10:31:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350543762|Lake Sake]]" 841420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Sake''' tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], wanda ke kudancin Lardin Gabas . An sanya masa suna ne bayan garin Sake. Tafkin yana cikin Gundumar Ngoma a tsawo na mita 1,326 (4,350 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Sake, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201431.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin Sake yana daga cikin tsarin tafkin da ya fi girma a Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, wanda ya haɗa da tabkuna da ke kusa kamar Lake Mugesera da Lake Rweru.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Rweru-Mugesera Assessment Report |url=https://www.arcosnetwork.org/uploads/2018/03/Rweru-Mugesera_assessment_Report.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=ARCOS Network}}</ref> Tafkin yana kusa da garin Sake, wanda ke da yawan mutane 28,822 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rukumberi (Sector, Rwanda) |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5611__rukumberi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=City Population}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] nn4macge6ku353er24lhklh00g16rmq 841421 841420 2026-05-28T10:32:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 841421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Sake''' tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], wanda ke kudancin Lardin Gabas . An sanya masa suna ne bayan garin Sake. Tafkin yana cikin Gundumar Ngoma a tsawo na mita 1,326 (4,350 sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Sake, Rwanda |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-201431.html |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Mindat.org}}</ref> Tafkin Sake yana daga cikin tsarin tafkin da ya fi girma a Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, wanda ya haɗa da tabkuna da ke kusa kamar Lake Mugesera da Lake Rweru.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Rweru-Mugesera Assessment Report |url=https://www.arcosnetwork.org/uploads/2018/03/Rweru-Mugesera_assessment_Report.pdf |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=ARCOS Network}}</ref> Tafkin yana kusa da garin Sake, wanda ke da yawan mutane 28,822 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rukumberi (Sector, Rwanda) |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/ngoma/5611__rukumberi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=City Population}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rwanda]] c9mwp1df0ibqgcbph55jkigjdn6gj63 0 152710 841422 2026-05-28T10:32:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347440030|Lake Mihindi]]" 841422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Mihindi''' tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] wanda ke cikin Akagera National Park a lardin Gabas, a arewa maso gabashin kasar a kan iyaka da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]].<ref name="AkageraParkCamping">{{Cite web |last=kmgedris |date=23 September 2022 |title=Lake Mihindi Campsite, Lake Mihindi Camping Ground |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi-campsite/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref><ref name="AkageraParkSite">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Mihindi Lake in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin yankin gudanarwa na Rwimbogo, a Lardin Gabas.<ref name="Sandee">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/rwimbogo/lake-mihindi |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=sandee.com}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mihindi yana cikin yankin Rwimbogo na Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera tare da iyakar arewa maso gabashin kasar da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]].<ref name="Sandee">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/rwimbogo/lake-mihindi |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=sandee.com}}</ref><ref name="AkageraParkSite">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Mihindi Lake in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == o23mwt0gf3sv50e6lj7hx7yjc9xb4tb 841423 841422 2026-05-28T10:32:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 841423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Mihindi''' tafki ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] wanda ke cikin Akagera National Park a lardin Gabas, a arewa maso gabashin kasar a kan iyaka da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]].<ref name="AkageraParkCamping">{{Cite web |last=kmgedris |date=23 September 2022 |title=Lake Mihindi Campsite, Lake Mihindi Camping Ground |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi-campsite/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref><ref name="AkageraParkSite">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Mihindi Lake in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin yankin gudanarwa na Rwimbogo, a Lardin Gabas.<ref name="Sandee">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/rwimbogo/lake-mihindi |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=sandee.com}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Tafkin Mihindi yana cikin yankin Rwimbogo na Lardin Gabashin Rwanda, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera tare da iyakar arewa maso gabashin kasar da [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]].<ref name="Sandee">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know |url=https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/rwimbogo/lake-mihindi |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=sandee.com}}</ref><ref name="AkageraParkSite">{{Cite web |title=Lake Mihindi, Mihindi Lake in Akagera National Park |url=https://www.insideakageranationalpark.com/lake-mihindi/ |access-date=6 April 2026 |website=Inside Akagera National Park}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tabkuna a Rwanda * [[Geography na Rwanda|Yanayin ƙasar Rwanda]] == Manazarta == g8ytrjclwuqrzloroljuw3y1x7ulv2f 0 152711 841424 2026-05-28T10:33:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301405793|Lake Mugesera]]" 841424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Mugesera''' tafki ne a lardin Gabas, Rwanda. Tafkin yana cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, kudu maso gabashin [[Kigali]].{{Sfn|Streissguth|2008}} Tafkin yana daga cikin hadaddun tabkuna da wuraren da ke cikin kwarin da ke gudana a cikin SSE, kilomita 35 (22 a fadin. [[Kogin Nyabarongo|Kogin Nyawarungu]] yana gudana zuwa kudu ta kwarin, yana ambaliya don ƙirƙirar yanki na dindindin da tabkuna. Tafkin Mugesera yana kan gabas na kogin, kuma shine tafkin mafi girma a cikin hadaddun.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Kodayake kusa da ma'auni, yanayin yana da matsakaici saboda tsawo. Lokacin ruwan sama daga Maris zuwa Mayu kuma daga Satumba zuwa Disamba.{{Sfn|Streissguth|2008}} Kogin da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa suna ciyar da tafkin a kan tuddai zuwa arewa, gabas da kudu, waɗanda ke ba da mafi yawan ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Ruwa gabaɗaya yana kusa da {{Convert|25|°C}} ° C (77 ° F). {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Kifi suna da yawa, kuma akwai nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa. Sauran dabbobi sun hada da tururuwan ruwa, crocodiles, monitors, snakes da otters.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} A cikin karni na 15 yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya zauna ne daga zuriyar Hondogo na mutanen [[Tutsi]], makiyaya waɗanda suka kafa ƙasa mai zaman kanta.{{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Tutsi sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin Virunga na Rwanda a cikin ƙarni na 15 da 16, suna zaune tsakanin Tafkin Mugesera da [[Tafkin Muhazi]] . A hankali sun sami iko a mafi yawan yankin Rwanda na zamani, yayin da suke yin aure da Hutu kuma sun zama al'adunsu.{{Sfn|Adekunle|2007}} == Manazarta == 767zyu6jw3u0n7tgwh41cz0zqnskwnv 841426 841424 2026-05-28T10:33:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 841426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Mugesera''' tafki ne a lardin Gabas, Rwanda. Tafkin yana cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, kudu maso gabashin [[Kigali]].{{Sfn|Streissguth|2008}} Tafkin yana daga cikin hadaddun tabkuna da wuraren da ke cikin kwarin da ke gudana a cikin SSE, kilomita 35 (22 a fadin. [[Kogin Nyabarongo|Kogin Nyawarungu]] yana gudana zuwa kudu ta kwarin, yana ambaliya don ƙirƙirar yanki na dindindin da tabkuna. Tafkin Mugesera yana kan gabas na kogin, kuma shine tafkin mafi girma a cikin hadaddun.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Kodayake kusa da ma'auni, yanayin yana da matsakaici saboda tsawo. Lokacin ruwan sama daga Maris zuwa Mayu kuma daga Satumba zuwa Disamba.{{Sfn|Streissguth|2008}} Kogin da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa suna ciyar da tafkin a kan tuddai zuwa arewa, gabas da kudu, waɗanda ke ba da mafi yawan ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Ruwa gabaɗaya yana kusa da {{Convert|25|°C}} ° C (77 ° F). {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Kifi suna da yawa, kuma akwai nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da yawa. Sauran dabbobi sun hada da tururuwan ruwa, crocodiles, monitors, snakes da otters.{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} A cikin karni na 15 yankin da ke kusa da tafkin ya zauna ne daga zuriyar Hondogo na mutanen [[Tutsi]], makiyaya waɗanda suka kafa ƙasa mai zaman kanta.{{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Tutsi sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin Virunga na Rwanda a cikin ƙarni na 15 da 16, suna zaune tsakanin Tafkin Mugesera da [[Tafkin Muhazi]] . A hankali sun sami iko a mafi yawan yankin Rwanda na zamani, yayin da suke yin aure da Hutu kuma sun zama al'adunsu.{{Sfn|Adekunle|2007}} == Manazarta == 7ivdmc1qvaj1gat3gr8ik5ezrh4z9jx 0 152712 841427 2026-05-28T10:33:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346486917|Lake Ruhondo]]" 841427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ruhondo''' tafki ne na arewa maso yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . Tana kusa da Tafkin Bulera a gefen Musanze. Tana a gindin dutsen mai fitattun wuta mafi girma a Rwanda, dutsen [[Kalisimbi]] Volcanic. Tafkin Ruhondo kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tabkuna biyu da aka kafa daga aikin dutsen wuta daga [[Dutsen Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]] Volcanic mountain wanda ya haifar da zubar da laka a fadin kwarin kogi wanda ya karfafa kuma ya sanyaya. Tafkin Ruhondo ya rabu da Tafkin Burera da kilomita 1 (0.62 . Dukkanin tabkuna Ruhondo da Burera suna cikin Arewacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] kuma suna kusa da Uganda a yankin arewacin Rwanda. Tafkin Ruhondo yana kewaye da gundumomi uku wato: Burera Musanze da Gakenke . Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwansa daga Tafkin Burera a gefen kudu maso yamma. Yana da kimanin yanki na hekta 2800. Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwa daga wasu rafi kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma ta hanyar [[River Mukungwa|Kogin Mukungwa]] wanda ke da alaƙa da [[River Nyabarongo|Kogin Nyabarongo]]. Ba a inganta sufuri na ruwa sosai ba tare da ƙananan jiragen ruwa na katako a matsayin hanyar sufuri. [[Fayil:Panaromic_of_Lake_Ruhondo,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Wannan hoto ne na Tafkin Ruhondo a Arewacin Rwanda daga 2015]] == Manazarta == p67d0fwnzx75lyhmkbpu6y9t9jlk3n6 841428 841427 2026-05-28T10:34:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346486917|Lake Ruhondo]]" 841428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Ruhondo''' tafki ne na arewa maso yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . Tana kusa da Tafkin Bulera a gefen Musanze. Tana a gindin dutsen mai fitattun wuta mafi girma a Rwanda, dutsen [[Kalisimbi]] Volcanic.<ref>Fitzpatrick, Mary (2009). Lonely Planet East Africa. Lonely Planet. p. 561. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-74104-769-1</nowiki>. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</ref> Tafkin Ruhondo kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tabkuna biyu da aka kafa daga aikin dutsen wuta daga [[Dutsen Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]] Volcanic mountain wanda ya haifar da zubar da laka a fadin kwarin kogi wanda ya karfafa kuma ya sanyaya. Tafkin Ruhondo ya rabu da Tafkin Burera da kilomita 1 (0.62 . Dukkanin tabkuna Ruhondo da Burera suna cikin Arewacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] kuma suna kusa da Uganda a yankin arewacin Rwanda. Tafkin Ruhondo yana kewaye da gundumomi uku wato: Burera Musanze da Gakenke . Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwansa daga Tafkin Burera a gefen kudu maso yamma. Yana da kimanin yanki na hekta 2800. Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwa daga wasu rafi kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma ta hanyar [[River Mukungwa|Kogin Mukungwa]] wanda ke da alaƙa da [[River Nyabarongo|Kogin Nyabarongo]]. Ba a inganta sufuri na ruwa sosai ba tare da ƙananan jiragen ruwa na katako a matsayin hanyar sufuri. [[Fayil:Panaromic_of_Lake_Ruhondo,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Wannan hoto ne na Tafkin Ruhondo a Arewacin Rwanda daga 2015]] == Manazarta == r0wz70w07nb4h0g9ooak20hgc10sxbk 841429 841428 2026-05-28T10:34:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 841429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Ruhondo''' tafki ne na arewa maso yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . Tana kusa da Tafkin Bulera a gefen Musanze. Tana a gindin dutsen mai fitattun wuta mafi girma a Rwanda, dutsen [[Kalisimbi]] Volcanic.<ref>Fitzpatrick, Mary (2009). Lonely Planet East Africa. Lonely Planet. p. 561. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-74104-769-1</nowiki>. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</ref> Tafkin Ruhondo kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tabkuna biyu da aka kafa daga aikin dutsen wuta daga [[Dutsen Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]] Volcanic mountain wanda ya haifar da zubar da laka a fadin kwarin kogi wanda ya karfafa kuma ya sanyaya. Tafkin Ruhondo ya rabu da Tafkin Burera da kilomita 1 (0.62 . Dukkanin tabkuna Ruhondo da Burera suna cikin Arewacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] kuma suna kusa da Uganda a yankin arewacin Rwanda. Tafkin Ruhondo yana kewaye da gundumomi uku wato: Burera Musanze da Gakenke . Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwansa daga Tafkin Burera a gefen kudu maso yamma. Yana da kimanin yanki na hekta 2800. Tafkin Ruhondo yana karɓar ruwa daga wasu rafi kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu maso yamma ta hanyar [[River Mukungwa|Kogin Mukungwa]] wanda ke da alaƙa da [[River Nyabarongo|Kogin Nyabarongo]]. Ba a inganta sufuri na ruwa sosai ba tare da ƙananan jiragen ruwa na katako a matsayin hanyar sufuri. [[Fayil:Panaromic_of_Lake_Ruhondo,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Wannan hoto ne na Tafkin Ruhondo a Arewacin Rwanda daga 2015]] == Manazarta == 6ra0vrr62h0btukqs4m0pxuilzfkgim 0 152713 841430 2026-05-28T10:35:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302088172|Lac de Guiers]]" 841430 wikitext text/x-wiki Lac de Guiers ko Lake Guiers tafki ne a arewacin [[Senegal]], kudu da birnin Richard-Toll kuma a cikin yankunan Louga da Saint-Louis. Babban tushen ruwa ne ga birnin [[Dakar]], daruruwan kilomita zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta hanyar bututun karkashin kasa. Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin kilomita 35 da faɗinsa kilomita 8, kuma [[Bounoum River|Kogin Ferlo ko Bounoum]], wanda ke kwarara arewa zuwa ƙarshen kudu, daga [[Fouta, Senegal|Fouta]] a lokacin damina, yana samar da shi. Ruwa yana kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Senegal]] arewa ta hanyar {{Interlanguage link|Taouey|fr}}, wanda aka daidaita shi kuma aka yi masa magudanar ruwa yayin da yake ratsawa ta Richard-Toll . An gina madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1916 don hana ruwan gishiri shiga. Yankin bakin teku galibi suna da kyau. Yankin arewa da kewayen yankin sun zama babban yankin shuka sukari wanda ake ban ruwa daga tafkin. Lac de Guiers an sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye ta BirdLife International; mahimman nau'o'in sune ƙananan flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor), [[Kuyara|glossy ibis]] (''Plegadis falcinellus''), Eurasian spoonbill (''Platalea leucorodia''), African spoonball (''Platalea alba''), fararen fuka-fuki tern (''Chlidonias leucopterus'') da kuma kogi ''Prinia fluviatilis'' . Tafkin yana da tarihin rikitarwa wanda ya shafi masarautun Tekrur da Waalo da Daular Jolof (Diolof) . Musamman, ƙauyen N'Der, babban birni na uku kuma na ƙarshe na tsohuwar Masarautar Waalo, yana kan iyakar yammacin Tafkin. Gidan sarauta ko "keur" har yanzu yana nan. A baya ana kiran Lac de Guiers Lac du Panier Foule ko Pania Fuli, yana nufin [[Fulani|Mutanen Fula]]. == Manazarta == cvotcheq4o9kv6svs45pjj5vqjpuyut 0 152714 841431 2026-05-28T10:36:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354471374|Lake Retba]]" 841431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Retba''', wanda aka fi sani da Lac Rose (ma'ana "kogi mai launin ruwan kasa"), yana arewacin tsibirin Cap Vert a [[Senegal]], kimanin {{Cvt|35|km}} (22 arewa maso gabashin babban birnin, [[Dakar]], a arewa maso yammacin Afirka. An sanya masa suna ne saboda ruwan ruwan ruwan hoda ya haifar da ''Dunaliella salina'' algae kuma an san shi da yawan [[gishiri]], har zuwa 40% a wasu yankuna. Launi yawanci yana da ƙarfi sosai daga ƙarshen Janairu zuwa farkon Maris, a lokacin fari. Ambaliyar ruwa a watan Satumbar 2022 ba wai kawai ta katse ayyukan girbi na gishiri a tafkin ba, har ma ta haifar da tafkin ya rasa launi, wanda ya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga yawon bude ido. Koyaya, tun daga 2025, tafkin ya sake samun wasu launukansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=Back in the pink: Senegal salt lake gets its colour back |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250325-back-in-the-pink-senegal-salt-lake-gets-its-colour-back |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Tafkin ya kasance tun daga 2025 a karkashin la'akari da [[UNESCO]] a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]]. == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana da nisan {{Cvt|35|km}} (22 arewa maso gabashin [[Dakar]], <ref name="whl">{{Cite web |title=Le Lac Rose |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=fr}}</ref> ya rabu da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] ne kawai ta hanyar karamin hanyar dunes, kuma an sanya masa suna saboda ruwan ruwan ruwan hoda, wanda ''Dunaliella salina'' algae ya haifar. Algae yana samar da jan pigment don taimaka musu su shawo kan hasken rana, wanda ke ba su [[makamashi]] don ƙirƙirar ATP, nucleotide wanda ya zama dole don samar da makamashi.<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{Cite web |last=<!-- no byline --> |date=5 June 2012 |title=Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html |access-date=2019-11-09 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> Launi yana bayyane musamman a Lokacin fari (daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu) kuma ba a bayyane yake a lokacin ruwan sama (Yuni zuwa Oktoba). == Gishiri == An san tafkin da yawan gishiri (har zuwa 40% a wasu yankuna), wanda yafi saboda shigar ruwan teku da kuma narkewar sa.<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{Cite web |last=<!-- no byline --> |date=5 June 2012 |title=Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html |access-date=2019-11-09 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> Kamar Tekun Gishiri, tafkin yana da isasshen ƙarfi wanda mutane zasu iya iyo cikin sauƙi.<ref name="viva">{{Cite web |last=Handayani |first=Wuri |last2=Paramitha |first2=Tasya |date=19 June 2012 |title=Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal |url=http://kosmo.vivanews.com/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-date=2012-08-14 |access-date=19 June 2012 |website=VIVAnews |language=id}}</ref><ref name="Lake Retba">{{Cite web |title=Lake Retba |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lake-retba |access-date=2013-05-23 |publisher=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> Ana fitar da gishiri a duk faɗin yankin ta hanyar masu tarawa 3,000, maza da mata daga ko'ina cikin yammacin Afirka, waɗanda ke aiki sa'o'i 6-7 a rana.<ref name="abc2023">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=ABC News |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Suna kare fatarsu da ''[[Man kaɗe|man shanu]] na Karité'' (man shanu), wani abu da aka samar daga kwayoyin da ke taimakawa wajen kauce wa lalacewar nama. Masu kamun kifi na Senegal suna amfani da gishiri don adana kifi, wanda shine sinadarin da ke cikin girke-girke na gargajiya da yawa, gami da abincin ƙasa, wanda shine haɗin kifi da shinkafa da ake kira [[Thieboudienne]].<ref name="viva">{{Cite web |last=Handayani |first=Wuri |last2=Paramitha |first2=Tasya |date=19 June 2012 |title=Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal |url=http://kosmo.vivanews.com/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-date=2012-08-14 |access-date=19 June 2012 |website=VIVAnews |language=id}}</ref> Kimanin tan 38,000 na gishiri ana girbe su daga wannan tafkin a kowace shekara, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga masana'antar samar da gishiri ta Senegal. Senegal ita ce mai samar da gishiri a Afirka.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |last=Kanoute |first=Pape Tahirou |last2=Malan |first2=Christiane |last3=Stephane |first3=Fournier |last4=Teyssier |first4=Catherine |year=2018 |title=Relevance of a Geographical Indication for Salt From Senegal's Pink Lake |url=http://www.fao.org/3/I7938EN/i7938en.pdf |publisher=FAO |pages=16pp}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Retba_(Lac_Rose),_worker_is_digging_the_salt_in_the_lake.jpg|alt=worker is digging the salt in the lake|thumb|Ma'aikacin girbi gishiri daga tafkin]] == Ambaliyar ruwa == A cikin 2022, ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani da ruwan sama ya haifar a Dakar ta lalata tafkin. Ambaliyar ta rushe bakin tekunta kuma ta gurɓata ruwanta, ta juya halayenta mai ruwan hoda zuwa kore. Wannan canjin yana barazana ga yanayin halittu da tattalin arzikin yankin, yana tasiri ga manoma masu gishiri, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, masu sayar da kayan tunawa, da yawon bude ido. Ambaliyar ta lalata darajar USD $ 696,000 na gishiri, kasuwancin da ke cikin ruwa, kuma ta rushe microbiome na musamman na tafkin, yana jefa girbi na gaba da ziyarar yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dione |first=Ngouda |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Life's no longer rosy at Senegal's Pink Lake after floods |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/lifes-no-longer-rosy-senegals-pink-lake-after-floods-2023-01-24/ |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin tafkin ya sake dawo da launin ruwan hoda. == Dabbobi na daji == Duk da babban salinity na tafkin, wanda zai iya kaiwa sama da 350 g / L a Lokacin fari, an sami blackchin tilapia yana rayuwa a cikin sassan da ke da ruwan sha da ke ciyar da ruwa mai kyau ta hanyar rafi mai saurin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garnier |first=J. M. |last2=Gaudant |first2=J. |date=1984 |title=Occurrence of Sarotherodon melanotheron Rueppell (teleostean fish, Cichlidae) in hyperhaline waters of Retba lake (Senegal) [Tilapia hendelotii] |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Occurrence+of+Sarotherodon+melanotheron+Rueppell+%28teleostean+fish%2C+Cichlidae%29+in+hyperhaline+waters+of+Retba+lake+%28Senegal%29+%5BTilapia+hendelotii%5D&author=Garnier%2C+J.M.+%28Universite+de+Paris-11%2C+Orsay+%28France%29.+Laboratoire+d%27Hydrologie%29&publication_year=1984 |journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III |language=French |issn=0249-6313}}</ref> == Jerin al'adun duniya == [[UNESCO]] ta yi la'akari da tafkin Retba a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya]] tun daga watan Oktoba na 2005, <ref name="whl">{{Cite web |title=Le Lac Rose |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ "Le Lac Rose"]. ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> kuma har yanzu yana nan kamar yadda {{As of|2026}} . <ref name="abc2023">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=ABC News |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 "Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk"]. ''ABC News''. [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == iw0di0z3yiqxvdiap0qo2dldq9zaro1 841432 841431 2026-05-28T10:37:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 841432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Retba''', wanda aka fi sani da Lac Rose (ma'ana "kogi mai launin ruwan kasa"), yana arewacin tsibirin Cap Vert a [[Senegal]], kimanin {{Cvt|35|km}} (22 arewa maso gabashin babban birnin, [[Dakar]], a arewa maso yammacin Afirka. An sanya masa suna ne saboda ruwan ruwan ruwan hoda ya haifar da ''Dunaliella salina'' algae kuma an san shi da yawan [[gishiri]], har zuwa 40% a wasu yankuna. Launi yawanci yana da ƙarfi sosai daga ƙarshen Janairu zuwa farkon Maris, a lokacin fari. Ambaliyar ruwa a watan Satumbar 2022 ba wai kawai ta katse ayyukan girbi na gishiri a tafkin ba, har ma ta haifar da tafkin ya rasa launi, wanda ya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga yawon bude ido. Koyaya, tun daga 2025, tafkin ya sake samun wasu launukansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=Back in the pink: Senegal salt lake gets its colour back |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250325-back-in-the-pink-senegal-salt-lake-gets-its-colour-back |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Tafkin ya kasance tun daga 2025 a karkashin la'akari da [[UNESCO]] a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]]. == Bayyanawa == Tafkin yana da nisan {{Cvt|35|km}} (22 arewa maso gabashin [[Dakar]], <ref name="whl">{{Cite web |title=Le Lac Rose |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=fr}}</ref> ya rabu da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] ne kawai ta hanyar karamin hanyar dunes, kuma an sanya masa suna saboda ruwan ruwan ruwan hoda, wanda ''Dunaliella salina'' algae ya haifar. Algae yana samar da jan pigment don taimaka musu su shawo kan hasken rana, wanda ke ba su [[makamashi]] don ƙirƙirar ATP, nucleotide wanda ya zama dole don samar da makamashi.<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{Cite web |last=<!-- no byline --> |date=5 June 2012 |title=Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html |access-date=2019-11-09 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> Launi yana bayyane musamman a Lokacin fari (daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu) kuma ba a bayyane yake a lokacin ruwan sama (Yuni zuwa Oktoba). == Gishiri == An san tafkin da yawan gishiri (har zuwa 40% a wasu yankuna), wanda yafi saboda shigar ruwan teku da kuma narkewar sa.<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{Cite web |last=<!-- no byline --> |date=5 June 2012 |title=Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html |access-date=2019-11-09 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> Kamar Tekun Gishiri, tafkin yana da isasshen ƙarfi wanda mutane zasu iya iyo cikin sauƙi.<ref name="viva">{{Cite web |last=Handayani |first=Wuri |last2=Paramitha |first2=Tasya |date=19 June 2012 |title=Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal |url=http://kosmo.vivanews.com/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-date=2012-08-14 |access-date=19 June 2012 |website=VIVAnews |language=id}}</ref><ref name="Lake Retba">{{Cite web |title=Lake Retba |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lake-retba |access-date=2013-05-23 |publisher=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> Ana fitar da gishiri a duk faɗin yankin ta hanyar masu tarawa 3,000, maza da mata daga ko'ina cikin yammacin Afirka, waɗanda ke aiki sa'o'i 6-7 a rana.<ref name="abc2023">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=ABC News |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> Suna kare fatarsu da ''[[Man kaɗe|man shanu]] na Karité'' (man shanu), wani abu da aka samar daga kwayoyin da ke taimakawa wajen kauce wa lalacewar nama. Masu kamun kifi na Senegal suna amfani da gishiri don adana kifi, wanda shine sinadarin da ke cikin girke-girke na gargajiya da yawa, gami da abincin ƙasa, wanda shine haɗin kifi da shinkafa da ake kira [[Thieboudienne]].<ref name="viva">{{Cite web |last=Handayani |first=Wuri |last2=Paramitha |first2=Tasya |date=19 June 2012 |title=Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal |url=http://kosmo.vivanews.com/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal |archive-date=2012-08-14 |access-date=19 June 2012 |website=VIVAnews |language=id}}</ref> Kimanin tan 38,000 na gishiri ana girbe su daga wannan tafkin a kowace shekara, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga masana'antar samar da gishiri ta Senegal. Senegal ita ce mai samar da gishiri a Afirka.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |last=Kanoute |first=Pape Tahirou |last2=Malan |first2=Christiane |last3=Stephane |first3=Fournier |last4=Teyssier |first4=Catherine |year=2018 |title=Relevance of a Geographical Indication for Salt From Senegal's Pink Lake |url=http://www.fao.org/3/I7938EN/i7938en.pdf |publisher=FAO |pages=16pp}}</ref> [[Fayil:Lake_Retba_(Lac_Rose),_worker_is_digging_the_salt_in_the_lake.jpg|alt=worker is digging the salt in the lake|thumb|Ma'aikacin girbi gishiri daga tafkin]] == Ambaliyar ruwa == A cikin 2022, ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani da ruwan sama ya haifar a Dakar ta lalata tafkin. Ambaliyar ta rushe bakin tekunta kuma ta gurɓata ruwanta, ta juya halayenta mai ruwan hoda zuwa kore. Wannan canjin yana barazana ga yanayin halittu da tattalin arzikin yankin, yana tasiri ga manoma masu gishiri, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, masu sayar da kayan tunawa, da yawon bude ido. Ambaliyar ta lalata darajar USD $ 696,000 na gishiri, kasuwancin da ke cikin ruwa, kuma ta rushe microbiome na musamman na tafkin, yana jefa girbi na gaba da ziyarar yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dione |first=Ngouda |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Life's no longer rosy at Senegal's Pink Lake after floods |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/lifes-no-longer-rosy-senegals-pink-lake-after-floods-2023-01-24/ |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin tafkin ya sake dawo da launin ruwan hoda. == Dabbobi na daji == Duk da babban salinity na tafkin, wanda zai iya kaiwa sama da 350 g / L a Lokacin fari, an sami blackchin tilapia yana rayuwa a cikin sassan da ke da ruwan sha da ke ciyar da ruwa mai kyau ta hanyar rafi mai saurin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garnier |first=J. M. |last2=Gaudant |first2=J. |date=1984 |title=Occurrence of Sarotherodon melanotheron Rueppell (teleostean fish, Cichlidae) in hyperhaline waters of Retba lake (Senegal) [Tilapia hendelotii] |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Occurrence+of+Sarotherodon+melanotheron+Rueppell+%28teleostean+fish%2C+Cichlidae%29+in+hyperhaline+waters+of+Retba+lake+%28Senegal%29+%5BTilapia+hendelotii%5D&author=Garnier%2C+J.M.+%28Universite+de+Paris-11%2C+Orsay+%28France%29.+Laboratoire+d%27Hydrologie%29&publication_year=1984 |journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III |language=French |issn=0249-6313}}</ref> == Jerin al'adun duniya == [[UNESCO]] ta yi la'akari da tafkin Retba a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya]] tun daga watan Oktoba na 2005, <ref name="whl">{{Cite web |title=Le Lac Rose |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ "Le Lac Rose"]. ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> kuma har yanzu yana nan kamar yadda {{As of|2026}} . <ref name="abc2023">{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=ABC News |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 "Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk"]. ''ABC News''. [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]. 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == 2kgtzwc5ahaybhi18bfxorij7gso5o6 0 152715 841433 2026-05-28T10:37:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328605456|Lake Sonfon]]" 841433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Sonfon''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Confon''', tafkin dutse ne mai ruwan sha a Diang, [[Saliyo]] wanda ke da muhimmancin addini da al'adu.<ref name="visit">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Lake Sonfon and Environs |url=http://www.visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109223745/http://visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Visit Sierra Leone}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Garuruwan da suka fi kusa su ne Kabala, wanda ke da lamba 60&nbsp;kilomita zuwa arewa da kuma Benue wanda shine 40&nbsp;kilomita daga kudu. Tana cikin tsaunukan [[Sula Mountains|tsaunukan Sula]] a tsayin {{Convert|549|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Sonfon yana malalowa daga ƙarshen kudu, wanda ke samar da farkon [[Pampana River|Kogin Pampana]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=LOCATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONKOLILI DISTRICT |url=http://tonkolili.com/ourlocation.php# |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Tonkoli District Council}}</ref> kuma ƙananan koguna bakwai ne ke ciyar da shi, tare da bambancin ruwansa sosai a cikin shekara.<ref name="direct" /> Tafkin yana da zurfin da ya kai {{Convert|8|m|ft}} kuma yana da yanki na {{Convert|8.2|km2|sqmi}} ita ce babbar tafki a cikin ƙasar Saliyo. === Muhalli === Tafkin babban baki ne na kiyayewa kuma yanki ne mai kariya da aka tsara amma tun daga shekara ta 2011 babu kariya a wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Resource Endowment and Conservation |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/africa/176/biodiv.htm |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> A lokacin fari tafkin ya cika da ciyayi. Yanayin tudun da ke kewaye da tafkin ya ƙunshi gandun daji, gandun daji mai itatuwa, ciyawa da farmbush.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Lake Sonfon and environs |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6831 |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Yankin 8,000 ha da ke kewaye da tafkin, da kuma kewayenta na ciyayi, an sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan jama'a na nau'in tsuntsaye da yawa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lake Sonfon and environs |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-sonfon-and-environs-iba-sierra-leone |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Kodayake ba a bincika tafkin sosai ba, an gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye 105, gami da iris mai haske, Dybowski's twinspot, mai ban sha'awa sunbird, pytilia mai jan fuska da kuma ƙwayoyin fuka-fuki. Dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke zaune a tafkin sun hada da pygmy hippopotamus mai haɗari, da baƙar fata da Duikers na Maxwell.<ref name="birdlife" />&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin Sonfon an dauke shi mai tsarki a cikin [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|imani na gargajiya]] tare da mutanen yankin da ke gudanar da bukukuwan al'adu a bakin tekun.<ref name="visit">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Lake Sonfon and Environs |url=http://www.visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109223745/http://visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Visit Sierra Leone}}</ref> Ana ba da hadayu, gami da shinkafa da abinci, a cikin tafkin a kan [[Ƙwarya|Calabashes]].<ref name="belief" /> A cikin imani na gargajiya tafkin yana da alama, tare da kasancewa mai saurin gaske dangane da yawan ruwa a lokacin fari, tare da Djinn mai iko da ke zaune a cikin tafkin. Ana samun ajiyar [[Zinare|Zinariya]] a cikin duwatsu na Tafkin Sonfon da kuma ajiyar alluvial a yankin. Ana aiki ne kawai a cikin ajiyar ruwa, yana daukar ma'aikata 15,000 a kusa da Tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valerio |first=Greg |title=The authentic voice of the Fairmined Gold pioneer in Sierra Leone |url=http://www.ecochiccollection.co.uk/magazine/eco-fashion-expo/fairtrade-matters/the-authentic-voice-of-the-fairmined-gold-pioneer-in-sierra-leone |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=EchoChic Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2010 |title=AN OVERVIEW OF KEY MINERALS |url=http://www.slminerals.org/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728030648/http://www.slminerals.org/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9 |archive-date=28 July 2011 |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=Ministry of Mineral Resources}}</ref> Wannan hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da matakin ruwa a cikin tafkin ya ragu. == Dubi kuma == * Yankunan da aka kare a Saliyo * Dabbobin daji na Saliyo == Manazarta == kowuzhanucyx2pkaacmljk57qir1bdi 841434 841433 2026-05-28T10:37:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 841434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Sonfon''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Confon''', tafkin dutse ne mai ruwan sha a Diang, [[Saliyo]] wanda ke da muhimmancin addini da al'adu.<ref name="visit">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Lake Sonfon and Environs |url=http://www.visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109223745/http://visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Visit Sierra Leone}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Garuruwan da suka fi kusa su ne Kabala, wanda ke da lamba 60&nbsp;kilomita zuwa arewa da kuma Benue wanda shine 40&nbsp;kilomita daga kudu. Tana cikin tsaunukan [[Sula Mountains|tsaunukan Sula]] a tsayin {{Convert|549|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Sonfon yana malalowa daga ƙarshen kudu, wanda ke samar da farkon [[Pampana River|Kogin Pampana]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=LOCATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TONKOLILI DISTRICT |url=http://tonkolili.com/ourlocation.php# |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Tonkoli District Council}}</ref> kuma ƙananan koguna bakwai ne ke ciyar da shi, tare da bambancin ruwansa sosai a cikin shekara.<ref name="direct" /> Tafkin yana da zurfin da ya kai {{Convert|8|m|ft}} kuma yana da yanki na {{Convert|8.2|km2|sqmi}} ita ce babbar tafki a cikin ƙasar Saliyo. === Muhalli === Tafkin babban baki ne na kiyayewa kuma yanki ne mai kariya da aka tsara amma tun daga shekara ta 2011 babu kariya a wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversity Resource Endowment and Conservation |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/africa/176/biodiv.htm |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> A lokacin fari tafkin ya cika da ciyayi. Yanayin tudun da ke kewaye da tafkin ya ƙunshi gandun daji, gandun daji mai itatuwa, ciyawa da farmbush.<ref name="birdlife">{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Lake Sonfon and environs |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6831 |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Yankin 8,000 ha da ke kewaye da tafkin, da kuma kewayenta na ciyayi, an sanya shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan jama'a na nau'in tsuntsaye da yawa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Lake Sonfon and environs |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-sonfon-and-environs-iba-sierra-leone |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> Kodayake ba a bincika tafkin sosai ba, an gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye 105, gami da iris mai haske, Dybowski's twinspot, mai ban sha'awa sunbird, pytilia mai jan fuska da kuma ƙwayoyin fuka-fuki. Dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke zaune a tafkin sun hada da pygmy hippopotamus mai haɗari, da baƙar fata da Duikers na Maxwell.<ref name="birdlife" />&nbsp; == Tarihi == Tafkin Sonfon an dauke shi mai tsarki a cikin [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|imani na gargajiya]] tare da mutanen yankin da ke gudanar da bukukuwan al'adu a bakin tekun.<ref name="visit">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Lake Sonfon and Environs |url=http://www.visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109223745/http://visitsierraleone.org/Attractions/Nature-and-Wildlife/Lake-Sonfon-and-Environs.html |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=27 February 2011 |publisher=Visit Sierra Leone}}</ref> Ana ba da hadayu, gami da shinkafa da abinci, a cikin tafkin a kan [[Ƙwarya|Calabashes]].<ref name="belief" /> A cikin imani na gargajiya tafkin yana da alama, tare da kasancewa mai saurin gaske dangane da yawan ruwa a lokacin fari, tare da Djinn mai iko da ke zaune a cikin tafkin. Ana samun ajiyar [[Zinare|Zinariya]] a cikin duwatsu na Tafkin Sonfon da kuma ajiyar alluvial a yankin. Ana aiki ne kawai a cikin ajiyar ruwa, yana daukar ma'aikata 15,000 a kusa da Tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valerio |first=Greg |title=The authentic voice of the Fairmined Gold pioneer in Sierra Leone |url=http://www.ecochiccollection.co.uk/magazine/eco-fashion-expo/fairtrade-matters/the-authentic-voice-of-the-fairmined-gold-pioneer-in-sierra-leone |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=EchoChic Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2010 |title=AN OVERVIEW OF KEY MINERALS |url=http://www.slminerals.org/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728030648/http://www.slminerals.org/content/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9 |archive-date=28 July 2011 |access-date=2 March 2011 |publisher=Ministry of Mineral Resources}}</ref> Wannan hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da matakin ruwa a cikin tafkin ya ragu. == Dubi kuma == * Yankunan da aka kare a Saliyo * Dabbobin daji na Saliyo == Manazarta == k8zuemj0rs4l1qsdqvgf7x8ogbo15oa 0 152716 841435 2026-05-28T10:38:10Z Al husuna 36457 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1253443919|Aiegbe]]" 841435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aiegbe''' gari ne da ke cikin yankin [[Ekeremor]] a [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]]. Lambar akwatin gidan waya (postal code) ta garin ita ce 561102.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiegbe, Ekeremor - Postcode - 561102 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/bayelsa-ekeremor-ekeremor-aiegbe.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiegbe, Bayelsa - Postal code - 561102 Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/postcode/NG-Bayelsa/561102 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Bayelsa]] qb4wia4pdhb7dez7gybw4hur1ua0r0b 841439 841435 2026-05-28T10:39:09Z Al husuna 36457 /* Manazarta */ 841439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aiegbe''' gari ne da ke cikin yankin [[Ekeremor]] a [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], [[Najeriya]]. Lambar akwatin gidan waya (postal code) ta garin ita ce 561102.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiegbe, Ekeremor - Postcode - 561102 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/bayelsa-ekeremor-ekeremor-aiegbe.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiegbe, Bayelsa - Postal code - 561102 Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/postcode/NG-Bayelsa/561102 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Bayelsa]] n5vk6zneoply374qgld9hyapm1dv5sn 0 152717 841436 2026-05-28T10:38:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1267596855|Vlei]]" 841436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Rondevlei1.jpg|right|thumb|256x256px|Rondevlei, kusa da Cape Town]] [[Fayil:Sossusvlei_aus_der_Vogelperspektive.jpg|thumb|256x256px|Bayyanar sararin samaniya na Sossusvlei. Yawancin lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba]] (/fleɪ/; pronunciation na Afrikaans: [fləi]) wani karamin tafki ne mai zurfi, galibi na yanayi ko yanayi. Har ma yana iya nufin tafkunan yanayi ko wuraren marshy inda kwari da irin waɗannan mazaunan marshy ke haifuwa. Yawancin lokaci, vleis sun bambanta a cikin girman su, ko ma a gaban ko rashin ruwa, gwargwadon faduwar ruwan sama ko bushewar lokacin. Dangane da salinity na ruwa, vleis na iya zama Ruwa mai laushi, ruwan gishiri, ko ruwan gishiri.<ref name="theal" /> Bayan lokaci vlei na iya lalacewa zuwa kwanon gishiri ko kwanon yumɓu, kamar Dead Vlei ko Sossusvlei. == Muhalli == Vleis na nau'o'i daban-daban na iya zama muhimmiyar muhimmancin muhalli na gida, yana da nau'o-nau'in da ke [[Tafiya tafiyan dabbobi|ƙaura]] da yawa. Yawancin vleis sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za a ba su sanarwa a cikin sunan ba. Koyaya, wasu manyan sunayen da aka ba su, misali Rondevlei da Zeekoevlei a cikin Cape Peninsula, waɗanda ke da ruwa na dindindin. Lalle ne, Rondevlei gida ne ga hippopotamus. Kalmar ita ce tushen sunayen halittu daban-daban, kamar su * rat, rodents a cikin jinsin ''Ottomys'' * vleiroos (a zahiri "fure mai laushi") * ''vleikuiken'' (a zahiri "kyen kaza") * frog == Magana == Kalmar ''{{Lang|af|vlei}}'' Ana amfani da ita galibi a Afirka ta Kudu. Kalmar [[Afrikaans|Afirka]] ce da aka samo daga kalmar Tsakiyar Dutch don "kwari" ( ''{{Lang|dum|valeye}}'' ). Amma a cikin 'yan Afirka, ma'anarsa ta canza zuwa tafki mai zurfi. 'Yan Afirka da kalmar Dutch ta zamani don "kwari" ita ce ''{{Lang|nl|vallei}}'' . Sunan yankin Arewacin Amurka ''Vlaie'' yana da alaƙa da ''{{Lang|af|vlei}}'', yana da irin wannan asalin Yaren mutanen Holland na Tsakiya. == Manazarta == cv69r2pf690kvvvms7on6bxtht7ypgt 841438 841436 2026-05-28T10:38:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 841438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Rondevlei1.jpg|right|thumb|256x256px|Rondevlei, kusa da Cape TowW]] Wani karamin tafki ne mai zurfi, galibi na yanayi ko yanayi. Har ma yana iya nufin tafkunan yanayi ko wuraren marshy inda kwari da irin waɗannan mazaunan marshy ke haifuwa. Yawancin lokaci, vleis sun bambanta a cikin girman su, ko ma a gaban ko rashin ruwa, gwargwadon faduwar ruwan sama ko bushewar lokacin. Dangane da salinity na ruwa, vleis na iya zama Ruwa mai laushi, ruwan gishiri, ko ruwan gishiri.<ref name="theal" /> Bayan lokaci vlei na iya lalacewa zuwa kwanon gishiri ko kwanon yumɓu, kamar Dead Vlei ko Sossusvlei. == Muhalli == Vleis na nau'o'i daban-daban na iya zama muhimmiyar muhimmancin muhalli na gida, yana da nau'o-nau'in da ke [[Tafiya tafiyan dabbobi|ƙaura]] da yawa. Yawancin vleis sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za a ba su sanarwa a cikin sunan ba. Koyaya, wasu manyan sunayen da aka ba su, misali Rondevlei da Zeekoevlei a cikin Cape Peninsula, waɗanda ke da ruwa na dindindin. Lalle ne, Rondevlei gida ne ga hippopotamus. Kalmar ita ce tushen sunayen halittu daban-daban, kamar su * rat, rodents a cikin jinsin ''Ottomys'' * vleiroos (a zahiri "fure mai laushi") * ''vleikuiken'' (a zahiri "kyen kaza") * frog == Magana == Kalmar ''{{Lang|af|vlei}}'' Ana amfani da ita galibi a Afirka ta Kudu. Kalmar [[Afrikaans|Afirka]] ce da aka samo daga kalmar Tsakiyar Dutch don "kwari" ( ''{{Lang|dum|valeye}}'' ). Amma a cikin 'yan Afirka, ma'anarsa ta canza zuwa tafki mai zurfi. 'Yan Afirka da kalmar Dutch ta zamani don "kwari" ita ce ''{{Lang|nl|vallei}}'' . Sunan yankin Arewacin Amurka ''Vlaie'' yana da alaƙa da ''{{Lang|af|vlei}}'', yana da irin wannan asalin Yaren mutanen Holland na Tsakiya. == Manazarta == phbcx96loueb178g21lr37g4pjlioig 0 152718 841440 2026-05-28T10:39:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315923433|List of lakes of South Africa]]" 841440 wikitext text/x-wiki   Wannan jerin tabkuna ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Ya haɗa da tabkuna waɗanda aka kafa ta halitta, da kuma wasu wuraren da ke da ruwa. Don tabkuna na wucin gadi kamar tafkuna, duba [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Afirka ta Kudu]]. Don estuaries (bakin kogi) duba Jerin estuaries na Afirka ta Kudu, ko kuma idan sun fi nau'in lagoon Jerin lagoons na Afirka ta Kudancin, kuma don bays duba Jerin bays na Afirka ta Tsakiya. {| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text" style="font-size: 95%;" !Name !Province !Nearest town !Coordinates !Notes |- |[[Lake Zilonde]] (Also KuZilonde or Silonde) |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|52|3|S|32|52|10|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Kosi Lake]] (by most regarded as a lake) |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|S|32|50|E}} |(actually an Estuary), see list of estuaries of South Africa, and [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Lake KuHlange]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|14|S|32|50|51|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[aManzamnyama]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|36|S|32|49|32|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[KuShengeza]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|47|S|32|46|55|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |Lake Sibaya |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area, north of Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|21|21|S|32|41|41|E|region:ZA-KZ_type:waterbody}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]]<ref name="dea-sibaya-ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Lake Sibaya |url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182712/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=28 January 2010 |publisher=[[Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)]]}}</ref> |- |[[Mgobezeleni Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |South of Kosi Bay, near Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|31|S|32|39|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Makhawulani Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area, near Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|55|S|32|51|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |Lake St. Lucia (by most regarded as a lake) |KwaZulu-Natal |north of [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|59|S|32|27|E}} |actually an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[Lake Nhlabane]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|36|23|S|32|16|18|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Msingazi]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|45|43|S|32|5|49|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Richards Bay/Mhlathuze River Estuary]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Richards Bay | |the river part is an Estuary, see list of estuaries of South Africa. The Harbour is regarded to be just that, see Ports and harbours in South Africa |- |[[Lake Nsezi]] |KwaZulu-Natal |west of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|44|58|S|31|58|26|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Cubhu]] |KwaZulu-Natal |south of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|50|19|S|31|58|0|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Ibundwe Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|59|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Inyameti Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|53|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Hotwa]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|52|S|32|17|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Mandla Nkunzi Lake]] (Mantengane) |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|S|32|17|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Nhlole Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Nlhanjwana Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|56|S|32|20|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Tete Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|8|S|32|16|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Msenyeni Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|13|S|32|12|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Isivuguvungu Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|3|S|32|15|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Maleni Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|8|S|32|14|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Shalala Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|2|S|32|15|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[uMsunduze Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|56|S|32|13|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Tafkin Chrissie|Lake Chrissie]] (Chrissiesmeer) |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|20|3|S|30|12|57|E}} | |- |[[Lake Elands 1]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|19|49|S|30|18|14|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Elands 2]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|21|8|S|30|18|46|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Magdalena's Lake]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|22|32|S|30|17|20|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Banagher]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|20|54|S|30|21|32|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |Lake Fundudzi |Limpopo |near Thohoyandou |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22|51|2|S|30|18|40|E}} | |- |[[Barberspan]] |North West |northeast of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|33|20|S|25|36|6|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Leeupan]] |North West |northeast of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|31|37|S|25|36|3|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Sout Pan]] |North West |south of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|41|48|S|25|27|26|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Koppiesyn Pan]] |North West |south of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|43|21|S|25|28|33|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Klein-Mond Wetlands]] |Western Cape |near Kleinmond |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|20|S|19|2|E}} | |- |[[Onrus River Wetlands]] |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|24|S|19|10|E}} |is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Bot River Wetlands]] (Bot River Vlei) |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|20|S|19|6|E}} |is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[Klein River Vlei]] |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|24|S|19|20|E}} |is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |Sterkfontein |Gauteng | | |{{Ref label|A|A|^}} |- |Knysna is a Lagoon |Western Cape |Knysna | |is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Groen Vlei]] |Western Cape |near Knysna |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|1|39|S|22|50|46|E}} | |- |Sedgefield |Western Cape |Wilderness | |seems more like a lagoon (check?) |- |[[Rondevlei, Wilderness|Rondevlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|30|S|22|42|39|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |Swartvlei |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|43|S|22|45|33|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Langvlei, Wilderness|Upper Langvlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|28|S|22|41|12|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Langvlei, Wilderness|Lower Langvlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|45|S|22|38|37|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Goukou]] |Western Cape |at Stilbaai | |Is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[De Hoop Vlei]] |Western Cape |northeast of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|27|13|S|20|23|36|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Heuningnes]] |Western Cape |north of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|42|31|S|19|58|51|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Vogelvlei]] |Western Cape |north of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|40|0|S|19|52|44|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Applethwaite]] |Western Cape |east of Gordon's Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|11|45|S|18|59|16|E}} | |- |[[Lang Vlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|2|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Little Princess Vlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|2|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Sandvlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|5|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Sirkelsvlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|16|S|18|24|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Noordhoek Sout Pan]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|7|S|18|22|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] {{Ref label|B|B|^}} |- |[[Noordhoek Lagoon]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] | |is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Kommetjie Lagoon]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] | |is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Wildevoelvlei]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|8|S|18|21|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Zeekoevlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|3|S|18|30|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Rondevlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|3|43|S|18|29|53|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Zandvlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|5|5|S|18|28|5|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |} * '''A''' ^ Tafkin karkashin kasa  * '''B''' ^ Sunan Sout Pan a zahiri ana fassara shi azaman Salt Pan, amma ba a amfani da tafkin don girbi gishiri ba.  == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu * [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]] * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Jerin tafkuna na Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin bays na Afirka ta Kudu * Tashoshin jiragen ruwa da tashoshin jiragen sama a Afirka ta Kudu == Manazarta == 2nnagq4warvd7wbzikai5o3ozx0l4lg 841442 841440 2026-05-28T10:40:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 841442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin tabkuna ne na Afirka ta Kudu. Ya haɗa da tabkuna waɗanda aka kafa ta halitta, da kuma wasu wuraren da ke da ruwa. Don tabkuna na wucin gadi kamar tafkuna, duba [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Afirka ta Kudu]]. Don estuaries (bakin kogi) duba Jerin estuaries na Afirka ta Kudu, ko kuma idan sun fi nau'in lagoon Jerin lagoons na Afirka ta Kudancin, kuma don bays duba Jerin bays na Afirka ta Tsakiya. {| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text" style="font-size: 95%;" !Name !Province !Nearest town !Coordinates !Notes |- |[[Lake Zilonde]] (Also KuZilonde or Silonde) |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|52|3|S|32|52|10|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Kosi Lake]] (by most regarded as a lake) |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|S|32|50|E}} |(actually an Estuary), see list of estuaries of South Africa, and [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Lake KuHlange]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|14|S|32|50|51|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[aManzamnyama]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|36|S|32|49|32|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[KuShengeza]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|47|S|32|46|55|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |Lake Sibaya |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area, north of Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|21|21|S|32|41|41|E|region:ZA-KZ_type:waterbody}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]]<ref name="dea-sibaya-ramsar">{{Cite web |title=Lake Sibaya |url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182712/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=28 January 2010 |publisher=[[Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)]]}}</ref> |- |[[Mgobezeleni Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |South of Kosi Bay, near Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|31|S|32|39|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |[[Makhawulani Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Kosi Bay Area, near Sodwana Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|55|S|32|51|E}} |see [[Kosi Bay Lakes]] |- |Lake St. Lucia (by most regarded as a lake) |KwaZulu-Natal |north of [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|59|S|32|27|E}} |actually an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[Lake Nhlabane]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|36|23|S|32|16|18|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Msingazi]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|45|43|S|32|5|49|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Richards Bay/Mhlathuze River Estuary]] |KwaZulu-Natal |Richards Bay | |the river part is an Estuary, see list of estuaries of South Africa. The Harbour is regarded to be just that, see Ports and harbours in South Africa |- |[[Lake Nsezi]] |KwaZulu-Natal |west of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|44|58|S|31|58|26|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Cubhu]] |KwaZulu-Natal |south of Richards Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|28|50|19|S|31|58|0|E}} |see [[Richard Bay's Lakes]] |- |[[Ibundwe Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|59|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Inyameti Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|53|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Hotwa]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|52|S|32|17|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Mandla Nkunzi Lake]] (Mantengane) |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|58|S|32|17|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Nhlole Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|1|S|32|18|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Nlhanjwana Lake]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|56|S|32|20|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Tete Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|8|S|32|16|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Msenyeni Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|13|S|32|12|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Isivuguvungu Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|3|S|32|15|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Maleni Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|8|S|32|14|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Shalala Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|27|2|S|32|15|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[uMsunduze Pan]] |KwaZulu-Natal |north of Phongola |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|56|S|32|13|E}} |see [[Phongola Lakes]] |- |[[Tafkin Chrissie|Lake Chrissie]] (Chrissiesmeer) |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|20|3|S|30|12|57|E}} | |- |[[Lake Elands 1]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|19|49|S|30|18|14|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Elands 2]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|21|8|S|30|18|46|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Magdalena's Lake]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|22|32|S|30|17|20|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Banagher]] |Mpumalanga |near Chrissiesmeer |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|20|54|S|30|21|32|E}} |see [[Chrissiemeer Lakes]] |- |Lake Fundudzi |Limpopo |near Thohoyandou |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|22|51|2|S|30|18|40|E}} | |- |[[Barberspan]] |North West |northeast of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|33|20|S|25|36|6|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Leeupan]] |North West |northeast of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|31|37|S|25|36|3|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Sout Pan]] |North West |south of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|41|48|S|25|27|26|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Koppiesyn Pan]] |North West |south of Delareyville |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|43|21|S|25|28|33|E}} |see [[Delareyville Lakes]] |- |[[Klein-Mond Wetlands]] |Western Cape |near Kleinmond |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|20|S|19|2|E}} | |- |[[Onrus River Wetlands]] |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|24|S|19|10|E}} |is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Bot River Wetlands]] (Bot River Vlei) |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|20|S|19|6|E}} |is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[Klein River Vlei]] |Western Cape |near Hermanus |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|24|S|19|20|E}} |is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |Sterkfontein |Gauteng | | |{{Ref label|A|A|^}} |- |Knysna is a Lagoon |Western Cape |Knysna | |is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Groen Vlei]] |Western Cape |near Knysna |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|1|39|S|22|50|46|E}} | |- |Sedgefield |Western Cape |Wilderness | |seems more like a lagoon (check?) |- |[[Rondevlei, Wilderness|Rondevlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|30|S|22|42|39|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |Swartvlei |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|43|S|22|45|33|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Langvlei, Wilderness|Upper Langvlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|28|S|22|41|12|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Langvlei, Wilderness|Lower Langvlei]] |Western Cape |Wilderness |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|59|45|S|22|38|37|E}} |see [[Wilderness Lakes]] |- |[[Goukou]] |Western Cape |at Stilbaai | |Is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |- |[[De Hoop Vlei]] |Western Cape |northeast of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|27|13|S|20|23|36|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Heuningnes]] |Western Cape |north of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|42|31|S|19|58|51|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Vogelvlei]] |Western Cape |north of [[Cape Agulhas|Cape Aghulas]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|40|0|S|19|52|44|E}} |see [[Cape Aghulas Lakes]] |- |[[Lake Applethwaite]] |Western Cape |east of Gordon's Bay |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|11|45|S|18|59|16|E}} | |- |[[Lang Vlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|2|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Little Princess Vlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|2|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Sandvlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|5|S|18|28|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Sirkelsvlei]] |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|16|S|18|24|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |[[Noordhoek Sout Pan]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|7|S|18|22|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] {{Ref label|B|B|^}} |- |[[Noordhoek Lagoon]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] | |is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Kommetjie Lagoon]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] | |is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |- |[[Wildevoelvlei]] |Western Cape |south of [[Cape Town]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|8|S|18|21|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Zeekoevlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|3|S|18|30|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Rondevlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|3|43|S|18|29|53|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |- |Zandvlei |Western Cape |near [[Cape Town]], northeast of Fish Hoek |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|34|5|5|S|18|28|5|E}} |see [[Cape Town Lakes]] |} * '''A''' ^ Tafkin karkashin kasa  * '''B''' ^ Sunan Sout Pan a zahiri ana fassara shi azaman Salt Pan, amma ba a amfani da tafkin don girbi gishiri ba.  == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu * [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]] * [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Afirka ta Kudu]] * Jerin tafkuna na Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin bays na Afirka ta Kudu * Tashoshin jiragen ruwa da tashoshin jiragen sama a Afirka ta Kudu == Manazarta == 0wg5oeqedx7b0op925v6nl6jtj60xo4 0 152719 841443 2026-05-28T10:41:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336284870|Lake Fundudzi]]" 841443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Fundudzi''' (a.k.a. '''Tafkin Funduzi''') yana cikin Soutpansberg a Lardin Limpopo na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Auna kimanin kilomita 5 da kilomita 3 lokacin da ya cika, an halicce shi ne ta hanyar [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|rushewar ƙasa]] da ta toshe hanyar Kogin Mutale. Tafkin da aladun da ke zaune da shi da kuma gandun daji na kusa da Thathe Vondo, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu tsarki ga Vhatavhatsindi, mutanen Pool waɗanda suke daga cikin mutanen Venda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eish! |url=http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/full-article?oid=8012&sn=Detail&pid=1}}</ref> Ita ce kawai tafkin da ke cikin ƙasa a Kudancin Afirka.<ref>{{Citation|journal=Paolo|url-status=Yin}}</ref> == Labaran gargajiya == A cewar labarin Venda an halicci tafkin ne lokacin da aka ki cin abinci da mafaka ga kuturta mai wucewa. Ya la'anta Kraal wanda ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin ruwan sabon tafkin da aka kafa kuma Venda sun yi iƙirarin cewa da sassafe yana yiwuwa a ji sautin drum da kuka da kuka na mutanen da suka nitse da shanu. Labarin ya kuma yi imanin cewa Lake Fundudzi yana karewa da allahn python da ke zaune a dutsen. Venda suna girmama wannan allahn ta hanyar yin rawa a kowace shekara, wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar jujjuyawar layin conga, wanda 'yan mata matasa na kabilar ke shiga. An ce cika tafkin da launi ya nuna yanayin kakanninmu, da kuma yiwuwar ruwan sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Fundudzi in Limpopo |url=http://www.sa-venues.com/attractions/limpopo/lake-fundudzi.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bewitched Forests and Waters of the VhaVenda (Part 1) |url=http://www.vanhunks.com/lowveld1/venda1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Fundudzi &#124; Limpopo Attractions |url=http://www.sastay.co.za/limpopo-attractions/lake-fundudzi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131165014/http://www.sastay.co.za/limpopo-attractions/lake-fundudzi.html |archive-date=2013-01-31 |access-date=2013-01-25}}</ref> == Manazarta == gi8gs0rfh59a1r5t6l88t92e4xl0245 841445 841443 2026-05-28T10:41:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 841445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Fundudzi''' (a.k.a. '''Tafkin Funduzi''') yana cikin Soutpansberg a Lardin Limpopo na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Auna kimanin kilomita 5 da kilomita 3 lokacin da ya cika, an halicce shi ne ta hanyar [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|rushewar ƙasa]] da ta toshe hanyar Kogin Mutale. Tafkin da aladun da ke zaune da shi da kuma gandun daji na kusa da Thathe Vondo, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin masu tsarki ga Vhatavhatsindi, mutanen Pool waɗanda suke daga cikin mutanen Venda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eish! |url=http://www.southafrica.net/sat/content/en/za/full-article?oid=8012&sn=Detail&pid=1}}</ref> Ita ce kawai tafkin da ke cikin ƙasa a Kudancin Afirka.<ref>{{Citation|journal=Paolo|url-status=Yin}}</ref> == Labaran gargajiya == A cewar labarin Venda an halicci tafkin ne lokacin da aka ki cin abinci da mafaka ga kuturta mai wucewa. Ya la'anta Kraal wanda ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin ruwan sabon tafkin da aka kafa kuma Venda sun yi iƙirarin cewa da sassafe yana yiwuwa a ji sautin drum da kuka da kuka na mutanen da suka nitse da shanu. Labarin ya kuma yi imanin cewa Lake Fundudzi yana karewa da allahn python da ke zaune a dutsen. Venda suna girmama wannan allahn ta hanyar yin rawa a kowace shekara, wanda ke nunawa ta hanyar jujjuyawar layin conga, wanda 'yan mata matasa na kabilar ke shiga. An ce cika tafkin da launi ya nuna yanayin kakanninmu, da kuma yiwuwar ruwan sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Fundudzi in Limpopo |url=http://www.sa-venues.com/attractions/limpopo/lake-fundudzi.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bewitched Forests and Waters of the VhaVenda (Part 1) |url=http://www.vanhunks.com/lowveld1/venda1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Fundudzi &#124; Limpopo Attractions |url=http://www.sastay.co.za/limpopo-attractions/lake-fundudzi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131165014/http://www.sastay.co.za/limpopo-attractions/lake-fundudzi.html |archive-date=2013-01-31 |access-date=2013-01-25}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2mjt6dht1190eo8v2wjpkteugkq7ktm 0 152720 841447 2026-05-28T10:43:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354967626|Lake St. Lucia]]" 841447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin St Lucia''' (kuma '''Tafkin Saint Lucia''') tsarin tafkin ne a arewacin KwaZulu-Natal, [[Afirka]] ta Kudu . Ita ce mafi girman tafkin a Afirka da [[Kudancin Afirka]], tana rufe yanki na kimanin 3-350 (125-135 sq kuma tana da kusan 80% na jimlar yankin KwaZulu-Natal. Tafkin ya zama babban fasalin iSimangaliso Wetland Park, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] na farko na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka rubuta a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Ramsar Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya tun daga shekara ta 1986. <ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=iSimangaliso Wetland Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/914 |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> An san tsarin tafkin saboda matsanancin canjin muhalli. Matsayin Gishiri yana canzawa daga yanayin ruwa mai laushi zuwa fiye da kashi 200 a kowace dubu (ppt), kusan sau shida na salinity na ruwan teku, yana mai da Tafkin St Lucia tsarin bincike na duniya don binciken estuarine.<ref name="Cyrus2011">{{Cite journal |last=Cyrus |first=D.P. |last2=Vivier |first2=L. |last3=Jerling |first3=H.L. |date=2011 |title=Lake St Lucia, Africa's largest estuarine lake in crisis: Combined effects of mouth closure, low levels and hypersalinity |journal=[[South African Journal of Science]] |volume=107 |issue=3/4 |pages=1–13 |bibcode=2011SAJSc.1074.291C |doi=10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.291}}</ref> Ƙarin shekaru 60 na binciken kimiyya da aka sake dubawa ya ƙare a cikin littafin 2013 na Jami'ar Cambridge Press mai suna Ecology and Conservation of Estuarine Ecosystems: Lake St Lucia a matsayin Model na Duniya. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Wurin da girmansa === Tafkin St Lucia yana cikin iSimangaliso Wetland Park a arewa maso gabashin gabar KwaZulu-Natal, kimanin kilomita {{Convert|235|km|mi}} (146 arewacin [[Durban]]. Tafkin yana zaune ne a kwarin kogi da aka nutsar da shi wanda aka kafa a lokacin Holocene, kimanin shekaru 8,000-10,000 da suka gabata, lokacin da matakan teku na bayan guguwa suka mamaye kwarin bakin teku. Tafkin ya kai kimanin kilomita 60-80 ({{Convert|3|m|ft}}-50 a tsawon, tare da faɗin daga 1 zuwa 23 . Duk da girman girmansa, yana da matsakaicin zurfin {{Convert|0.9|m|ft}} da matsakaitan zurfin kusan 3 ft). Wannan bayyanar zurfi dangane da girmansa shine mahimmin abu wanda ke haifar da tsarin yanayin muhalli. === Tafkin tafkin === Tafkin St Lucia ya ƙunshi ƙananan ruwa guda uku, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban na ruwa: * '''False Bay:''' Yankin arewacin, wanda a tarihi ya sami farkon warewa daga tasirin ruwa kuma ya rubuta mafi girman yanayin hypersaline a lokacin fari, tare da matakan salinity sama da 150-200 ppt a cikin 2003.<ref name="Cyrus2011">{{Cite journal |last=Cyrus |first=D.P. |last2=Vivier |first2=L. |last3=Jerling |first3=H.L. |date=2011 |title=Lake St Lucia, Africa's largest estuarine lake in crisis: Combined effects of mouth closure, low levels and hypersalinity |journal=[[South African Journal of Science]] |volume=107 |issue=3/4 |pages=1–13 |bibcode=2011SAJSc.1074.291C |doi=10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.291}}</ref> * '''Tafkin Arewa:''' Tsakiyar tsakiya, wanda ke karɓar shigowa daga [[Mkuze River|Kogin Mkuze]] ta hanyar tsarin delta-swamp mai yawa. A lokacin rikicin muhalli na 2002-2007, wannan kwandon ya sha wahala sosai, tare da ruwa yana rufe kusan 10% na yankin ta a watan Yulin 2006. <ref name="Cyrus2011" /> * Kudancin Tafkin: Kudancin Kudancin, wanda gabaɗaya ke riƙe da yanayin salinity mai ɗorewa da haɗawa da Narrows. Narrows tashar ruwa ce mai kewayawa kusan kilomita 15-22 (9.3-13.7 a tsawon da ke haɗa tafkin tafkin zuwa bakin bakin kogin. === Yankin bakin teku === Tafkin yana da iyaka da yankuna biyu masu kariya: * '''Yammacin Yamma:''' Yankin yammacin tafkin, wanda ke da alamun [[Palmveld|dabino]] da tsire-tsire na Savanna. Wannan yanki na hekta {{Convert|25000|ha|acre}} (62,000 acres) an sake gyara shi sosai bayan cire [[Forestry|gandun daji]] na kasuwanci tsakanin 2005 da 2013, kuma ya haɗa da Charter's Creek da Fani's Island. Yammacin Yamma yana karɓar kusan rabin ruwan sama na Gabashin Gabas saboda tasirin inuwa na dunes na bakin teku.<ref name="iSimangaliso">{{Cite web |title=Western Shores |url=https://isimangaliso.com/western-shores |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=iSimangaliso Wetland Park}}</ref> * '''Gabashin Gabas:''' [[Dune forest|daji]] da ke bakin teku da kuma ciyawa tsakanin tafkin da [[Tekun Indiya]], gami da Mission Rocks da samar da damar zuwa [[Cape Vidal]]. Gabashin Gabas yana da wasu daga cikin mafi girman dunes na bakin teku a duniya.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=iSimangaliso Wetland Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/914 |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> === Ilimin ruwa === Koguna biyar suna ciyar da tsarin daga wuraren da ke waje da wurin shakatawa: [[Mkuze River|Mkuze]], Mzinene, Hluhluwe, [[Nyalazi River|Nyalazi]], da Mpate. Wadannan koguna suna gudana a lokacin watanni na rani, suna ba da gudummawa kusan kashi 50% na shigar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, tare da ruwan sama kai tsaye yana ba da ragowar. Kogin Mfolozi, a tarihi shine mafi girman tushen ruwa mai laushi wanda ke ba da kashi 60% na shigar da ruwa mai lahi, an raba shi da St Lucia a cikin 1952, yanke shawara na gudanarwa tare da sakamako mai zurfi na muhalli.<ref name="Whitfield2009">{{Cite journal |last=Whitfield |first=A.K. |last2=Taylor |first2=R.H. |date=2009 |title=A review of the importance of freshwater inflow to the future conservation of Lake St Lucia |journal=[[Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems]] |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=838–848 |bibcode=2009ACMFE..19..838W |doi=10.1002/aqc.1061}}</ref> ==== Yanayin gishiri ==== Tafkin St Lucia yana nuna abin da masu bincike ke kira "maɓallin salinity" a lokacin yanayin fari - wani abu da Forbes & Cyrus (1993) suka rubuta sosai. <ref name="Forbes1993">{{Cite journal |last=Forbes |first=A.T. |last2=Cyrus |first2=D.P. |date=1993 |title=Biological effects of salinity gradient reversals in a southeast African estuarine lake |journal=[[Aquatic Ecology]] |volume=27 |issue=2–4 |pages=265–272 |bibcode=1993NJAqE..27..483F |doi=10.1007/BF02334808}}</ref> A karkashin yanayin estuarine na yau da kullun, salinity yana raguwa daga bakin da ke da alaƙa da teku zuwa shigar da ruwa mai laushi a arewa. Koyaya, a lokacin fari mai tsawo tare da rufe baki, tsarin ya canza: mafi girman salinities yana tasowa a cikin tabkuna na arewa inda maida hankali ya fi tsananin ƙarfi, yayin da mafi ƙarancin salinities ke ci gaba a kusa da Narrows da yankin bakin teku. == Manazarta == 7b8mdzccf2jeonhl1dw5iax3jac93v2 841448 841447 2026-05-28T10:43:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 841448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin St Lucia''' (kuma '''Tafkin Saint Lucia''') tsarin tafkin ne a arewacin KwaZulu-Natal, [[Afirka]] ta Kudu . Ita ce mafi girman tafkin a Afirka da [[Kudancin Afirka]], tana rufe yanki na kimanin 3-350 (125-135 sq kuma tana da kusan 80% na jimlar yankin KwaZulu-Natal. Tafkin ya zama babban fasalin iSimangaliso Wetland Park, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] na farko na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka rubuta a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Ramsar Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya tun daga shekara ta 1986. <ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=iSimangaliso Wetland Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/914 |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> An san tsarin tafkin saboda matsanancin canjin muhalli. Matsayin Gishiri yana canzawa daga yanayin ruwa mai laushi zuwa fiye da kashi 200 a kowace dubu (ppt), kusan sau shida na salinity na ruwan teku, yana mai da Tafkin St Lucia tsarin bincike na duniya don binciken estuarine.<ref name="Cyrus2011">{{Cite journal |last=Cyrus |first=D.P. |last2=Vivier |first2=L. |last3=Jerling |first3=H.L. |date=2011 |title=Lake St Lucia, Africa's largest estuarine lake in crisis: Combined effects of mouth closure, low levels and hypersalinity |journal=[[South African Journal of Science]] |volume=107 |issue=3/4 |pages=1–13 |bibcode=2011SAJSc.1074.291C |doi=10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.291}}</ref> Ƙarin shekaru 60 na binciken kimiyya da aka sake dubawa ya ƙare a cikin littafin 2013 na Jami'ar Cambridge Press mai suna Ecology and Conservation of Estuarine Ecosystems: Lake St Lucia a matsayin Model na Duniya. == Yanayin ƙasa == === Wurin da girmansa === Tafkin St Lucia yana cikin iSimangaliso Wetland Park a arewa maso gabashin gabar KwaZulu-Natal, kimanin kilomita {{Convert|235|km|mi}} (146 arewacin [[Durban]]. Tafkin yana zaune ne a kwarin kogi da aka nutsar da shi wanda aka kafa a lokacin Holocene, kimanin shekaru 8,000-10,000 da suka gabata, lokacin da matakan teku na bayan guguwa suka mamaye kwarin bakin teku. Tafkin ya kai kimanin kilomita 60-80 ({{Convert|3|m|ft}}-50 a tsawon, tare da faɗin daga 1 zuwa 23 . Duk da girman girmansa, yana da matsakaicin zurfin {{Convert|0.9|m|ft}} da matsakaitan zurfin kusan 3 ft). Wannan bayyanar zurfi dangane da girmansa shine mahimmin abu wanda ke haifar da tsarin yanayin muhalli. === Tafkin tafkin === Tafkin St Lucia ya ƙunshi ƙananan ruwa guda uku, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban na ruwa: * '''False Bay:''' Yankin arewacin, wanda a tarihi ya sami farkon warewa daga tasirin ruwa kuma ya rubuta mafi girman yanayin hypersaline a lokacin fari, tare da matakan salinity sama da 150-200 ppt a cikin 2003.<ref name="Cyrus2011">{{Cite journal |last=Cyrus |first=D.P. |last2=Vivier |first2=L. |last3=Jerling |first3=H.L. |date=2011 |title=Lake St Lucia, Africa's largest estuarine lake in crisis: Combined effects of mouth closure, low levels and hypersalinity |journal=[[South African Journal of Science]] |volume=107 |issue=3/4 |pages=1–13 |bibcode=2011SAJSc.1074.291C |doi=10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.291}}</ref> * '''Tafkin Arewa:''' Tsakiyar tsakiya, wanda ke karɓar shigowa daga [[Mkuze River|Kogin Mkuze]] ta hanyar tsarin delta-swamp mai yawa. A lokacin rikicin muhalli na 2002-2007, wannan kwandon ya sha wahala sosai, tare da ruwa yana rufe kusan 10% na yankin ta a watan Yulin 2006. <ref name="Cyrus2011" /> * Kudancin Tafkin: Kudancin Kudancin, wanda gabaɗaya ke riƙe da yanayin salinity mai ɗorewa da haɗawa da Narrows. Narrows tashar ruwa ce mai kewayawa kusan kilomita 15-22 (9.3-13.7 a tsawon da ke haɗa tafkin tafkin zuwa bakin bakin kogin. === Yankin bakin teku === Tafkin yana da iyaka da yankuna biyu masu kariya: * '''Yammacin Yamma:''' Yankin yammacin tafkin, wanda ke da alamun [[Palmveld|dabino]] da tsire-tsire na Savanna. Wannan yanki na hekta {{Convert|25000|ha|acre}} (62,000 acres) an sake gyara shi sosai bayan cire [[Forestry|gandun daji]] na kasuwanci tsakanin 2005 da 2013, kuma ya haɗa da Charter's Creek da Fani's Island. Yammacin Yamma yana karɓar kusan rabin ruwan sama na Gabashin Gabas saboda tasirin inuwa na dunes na bakin teku.<ref name="iSimangaliso">{{Cite web |title=Western Shores |url=https://isimangaliso.com/western-shores |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=iSimangaliso Wetland Park}}</ref> * '''Gabashin Gabas:''' [[Dune forest|daji]] da ke bakin teku da kuma ciyawa tsakanin tafkin da [[Tekun Indiya]], gami da Mission Rocks da samar da damar zuwa [[Cape Vidal]]. Gabashin Gabas yana da wasu daga cikin mafi girman dunes na bakin teku a duniya.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=iSimangaliso Wetland Park |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/914 |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> === Ilimin ruwa === Koguna biyar suna ciyar da tsarin daga wuraren da ke waje da wurin shakatawa: [[Mkuze River|Mkuze]], Mzinene, Hluhluwe, [[Nyalazi River|Nyalazi]], da Mpate. Wadannan koguna suna gudana a lokacin watanni na rani, suna ba da gudummawa kusan kashi 50% na shigar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, tare da ruwan sama kai tsaye yana ba da ragowar. Kogin Mfolozi, a tarihi shine mafi girman tushen ruwa mai laushi wanda ke ba da kashi 60% na shigar da ruwa mai lahi, an raba shi da St Lucia a cikin 1952, yanke shawara na gudanarwa tare da sakamako mai zurfi na muhalli.<ref name="Whitfield2009">{{Cite journal |last=Whitfield |first=A.K. |last2=Taylor |first2=R.H. |date=2009 |title=A review of the importance of freshwater inflow to the future conservation of Lake St Lucia |journal=[[Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems]] |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=838–848 |bibcode=2009ACMFE..19..838W |doi=10.1002/aqc.1061}}</ref> ==== Yanayin gishiri ==== Tafkin St Lucia yana nuna abin da masu bincike ke kira "maɓallin salinity" a lokacin yanayin fari - wani abu da Forbes & Cyrus (1993) suka rubuta sosai. <ref name="Forbes1993">{{Cite journal |last=Forbes |first=A.T. |last2=Cyrus |first2=D.P. |date=1993 |title=Biological effects of salinity gradient reversals in a southeast African estuarine lake |journal=[[Aquatic Ecology]] |volume=27 |issue=2–4 |pages=265–272 |bibcode=1993NJAqE..27..483F |doi=10.1007/BF02334808}}</ref> A karkashin yanayin estuarine na yau da kullun, salinity yana raguwa daga bakin da ke da alaƙa da teku zuwa shigar da ruwa mai laushi a arewa. Koyaya, a lokacin fari mai tsawo tare da rufe baki, tsarin ya canza: mafi girman salinities yana tasowa a cikin tabkuna na arewa inda maida hankali ya fi tsananin ƙarfi, yayin da mafi ƙarancin salinities ke ci gaba a kusa da Narrows da yankin bakin teku. == Manazarta == muxsrzdsvw6n1i191ohm4jj91ppgxv2 0 152721 841449 2026-05-28T10:44:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330425851|Lake Sibaya]]" 841449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Sibaya''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Sibhayi''', tafkin ruwa mai laushi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], tare da yanki na km2 sq . An kuma san tafkin da Sibaya ko Sibhaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Lake Sibaya |url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 April 2020 |website=isiMangaliso park}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin [[Maputaland]], ko Umhlabuyalingana, yankin KwaZulu-Natal, a gabashin gabar Afirka ta Kudu. Yana daga cikin Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park kuma an amince da shi a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a matsayin "Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya" a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1991. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, an ayyana Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]], kuma an sake masa suna iSimangaliso Wetland Park. An gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye 279 a Tafkin Sibaya. Shirin Ruwa na Mseleni da Shirin samar da Ruwa na Mbazwana dukansu suna samun ruwa daga Tafkin Sibaya. == Yawon shakatawa == Tafkin Sibaya Lodge yana kan iyakar arewacin tafkin. Gidan zama ne mai tsada tare da shaguna 16. == Matsayin tafkin == Don tabbatar da yiwuwar dalilin kusan 4 m faduwa a matakin Tafkin Sibaya tsakanin ² da 2014, don tantance tasirin abstractions don amfani da ruwa na cikin gida da kuma shuke-shuke na kasuwanci a matakan tafkin, da kuma tantance abin da za'a iya cirewa daga Tafkin Sibayaya. Daga bincike da kwaikwayon da aka yi, an kammala cewa babban dalilin faduwar a matakin Tafkin Sibaya shine ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a cikin lokacin 2001 zuwa 2011. Koyaya, yayin da sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna cewa tasirin a kan matakan tafkin na abstractions don amfani da cikin gida a wannan lokacin ya kasance maras muhimmanci, sun nuna cewa kusan 1.4 m na faduwa a matakin tafkin za a iya danganta shi da tasirin gandun daji wanda ya fara a cikin tarwatsawa a cikin shekarun 1990. An gudanar da bincike kan sakamakon da aka yi la'akari da shi tare da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi a cikin rikodin shekaru 65 na rikodin yanayi ta amfani da matakin tafkin da aka ba da izini ko matsakaicin saukowa daga matakin tafkin a matsayin ka'idoji don gazawar tsarin. Sakamakon daga kwaikwayon matakan tafkin ta amfani da tarihin yanayi na tarihi tare da yankin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma matakan da aka daidaita a dabi'un 2014 sun nuna cewa babu wani ƙarin amfanin gona mai ɗorewa da zai yiwu saboda raguwar da aka ci gaba a cikin matakan tafkin da aka yi la'akari da su da kuma ajiyar ruwan kasa, wanda zai zama a cikin muhalli, zamantakewa da muhalli ba a yarda da shi ba. Sakamakon simulation na farko ya nuna cewa ana buƙatar cire kusan 5 km2 na gandun daji don saki 1 MCM / shekara don abubuwan da suka shafi cikin gida. Koyaya, waɗannan sakamakon farko suna buƙatar ingantaccen tabbatar da bayanan shigarwa da sake dubawa game da ƙirar don ƙara amincewa da sakamakon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smithers |first=J.C. |last2=Gray |first2=R.P. |last3=Johnson |first3=S |last4=Still |first4=D |date=2017-08-02 |title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi |journal=Water SA |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=480 |bibcode=2017WatSA..43..480S |doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13 |issn=0378-4738 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp; == Manazarta == 6p4eco5rr6esqge1qbbh58p5wycug58 841450 841449 2026-05-28T10:45:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 841450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Sibaya''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Tafkin Sibhayi''', tafkin ruwa mai laushi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], tare da yanki na km2 sq . An kuma san tafkin da Sibaya ko Sibhaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Lake Sibaya |url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 April 2020 |website=isiMangaliso park}}</ref> Tafkin yana cikin [[Maputaland]], ko Umhlabuyalingana, yankin KwaZulu-Natal, a gabashin gabar Afirka ta Kudu. Yana daga cikin Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park kuma an amince da shi a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar a matsayin "Wetland na Muhimmancin Duniya" a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1991. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, an ayyana Babban St. Lucia Wetland Park a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]], kuma an sake masa suna iSimangaliso Wetland Park. An gano nau'ikan tsuntsaye 279 a Tafkin Sibaya. Shirin Ruwa na Mseleni da Shirin samar da Ruwa na Mbazwana dukansu suna samun ruwa daga Tafkin Sibaya. == Yawon shakatawa == Tafkin Sibaya Lodge yana kan iyakar arewacin tafkin. Gidan zama ne mai tsada tare da shaguna 16. == Matsayin tafkin == Don tabbatar da yiwuwar dalilin kusan 4 m faduwa a matakin Tafkin Sibaya tsakanin ² da 2014, don tantance tasirin abstractions don amfani da ruwa na cikin gida da kuma shuke-shuke na kasuwanci a matakan tafkin, da kuma tantance abin da za'a iya cirewa daga Tafkin Sibayaya. Daga bincike da kwaikwayon da aka yi, an kammala cewa babban dalilin faduwar a matakin Tafkin Sibaya shine ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a cikin lokacin 2001 zuwa 2011. Koyaya, yayin da sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna cewa tasirin a kan matakan tafkin na abstractions don amfani da cikin gida a wannan lokacin ya kasance maras muhimmanci, sun nuna cewa kusan 1.4 m na faduwa a matakin tafkin za a iya danganta shi da tasirin gandun daji wanda ya fara a cikin tarwatsawa a cikin shekarun 1990. An gudanar da bincike kan sakamakon da aka yi la'akari da shi tare da abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi a cikin rikodin shekaru 65 na rikodin yanayi ta amfani da matakin tafkin da aka ba da izini ko matsakaicin saukowa daga matakin tafkin a matsayin ka'idoji don gazawar tsarin. Sakamakon daga kwaikwayon matakan tafkin ta amfani da tarihin yanayi na tarihi tare da yankin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma matakan da aka daidaita a dabi'un 2014 sun nuna cewa babu wani ƙarin amfanin gona mai ɗorewa da zai yiwu saboda raguwar da aka ci gaba a cikin matakan tafkin da aka yi la'akari da su da kuma ajiyar ruwan kasa, wanda zai zama a cikin muhalli, zamantakewa da muhalli ba a yarda da shi ba. Sakamakon simulation na farko ya nuna cewa ana buƙatar cire kusan 5 km2 na gandun daji don saki 1 MCM / shekara don abubuwan da suka shafi cikin gida. Koyaya, waɗannan sakamakon farko suna buƙatar ingantaccen tabbatar da bayanan shigarwa da sake dubawa game da ƙirar don ƙara amincewa da sakamakon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smithers |first=J.C. |last2=Gray |first2=R.P. |last3=Johnson |first3=S |last4=Still |first4=D |date=2017-08-02 |title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi |journal=Water SA |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=480 |bibcode=2017WatSA..43..480S |doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13 |issn=0378-4738 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp; == Manazarta == ftgzd4tn70yknt7ku7ujq9l9tcq7aev 0 152722 841451 2026-05-28T10:45:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304826341|Soetendalsvlei]]" 841451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soetendalsvlei''' tafkin ruwa ne na halitta a cikin Agulhas Plains a lardin Yammacin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu . Ita ce tafkin da ya fi kudu a nahiyar Afirka kuma tafkin ruwa na biyu mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu bayan [[Tafkin Chrissie]] . Tafkin, wanda ke cikin wani wuri mai faɗi da ake kira strandveld, gida ga wani nau'in ciyayi na Fynbos, sanannen yanki ne na masu juyawa. Tafkin ya sami sunansa daga ''[[Zoetendaal]]'', jirgin Kamfanin Dutch East India, wanda ya rushe a bakin tekun kusa da [[Cape Agulhas]] a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta 1673. Ita ce tsohuwar jirgin ruwa a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu. Wadanda suka tsira sun fara tafiya zuwa Cape kuma sun isa babban tafkin ruwa mai laushi wanda ba a sani ba kimanin sa'o'i uku bayan haka. Sun ba da sunan tafkin saboda taimako da godiya bayan jirgin su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agulhas Park eBulletin |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/parks-agulhas/january.pdf |website=South African National Parks}}</ref> == Manazarta == nyonuo3su18qaygw094qaf9firsaam8 841452 841451 2026-05-28T10:45:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 841452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Soetendalsvlei''' tafkin ruwa ne na halitta a cikin Agulhas Plains a lardin Yammacin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu . Ita ce tafkin da ya fi kudu a nahiyar Afirka kuma tafkin ruwa na biyu mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu bayan [[Tafkin Chrissie]] . Tafkin, wanda ke cikin wani wuri mai faɗi da ake kira strandveld, gida ga wani nau'in ciyayi na Fynbos, sanannen yanki ne na masu juyawa. Tafkin ya sami sunansa daga ''[[Zoetendaal]]'', jirgin Kamfanin Dutch East India, wanda ya rushe a bakin tekun kusa da [[Cape Agulhas]] a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta 1673. Ita ce tsohuwar jirgin ruwa a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu. Wadanda suka tsira sun fara tafiya zuwa Cape kuma sun isa babban tafkin ruwa mai laushi wanda ba a sani ba kimanin sa'o'i uku bayan haka. Sun ba da sunan tafkin saboda taimako da godiya bayan jirgin su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agulhas Park eBulletin |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/parks-agulhas/january.pdf |website=South African National Parks}}</ref> == Manazarta == nwgxfwbnv1nlpvifvgjjiismsmj1gqq 0 152723 841456 2026-05-28T11:01:08Z Salma kyari 36463 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344764975|Igarra]]" 841456 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Igarra''' (wanda aka fi sani da Etuno) shi ne hedkwatar karamar hukumar [[Akoko-Edo|Akoko Edo]] ta [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Igarra people Akoko Edo, Edo state |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Akoko_Edo_The_History_of_Igarra.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> Garin ya ƙunshi unguwanni uku manya, wato Ugbogbo, Utua da Uffa. Yankin ya shahara da kyawawan duwatsu da tsaunuka masu kayatarwa, kuma tsaunukan Kukuruku Hills ne suka kewaye shi. Mazauna Igarra, waɗanda ake kira <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Anetuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, suna magana da harshen <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Etuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, kuma suna da kamanceceniya ta fuskar harshe da al’adu da al’ummargbira dadake Kogi State[1] Igarra kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin kabilun da suka kafa Afemailand . Kakannin mutanen Igarra sun yi hijira ne daga garin Idah da ke Kogi State ta yanzu ƙarƙashin jagorancin <nowiki>'''Ariwo Ovejijo''', wani yarima daga Idah. Ya bar Idah tare da mabiyansa saboda yana ganin an tauye masa haƙƙinsa na hawa karagar '''Attah na Igala'''</nowiki> ƙarni da dama da suka gabata. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa annabi (Eva) ya amince da sulhu a shafin da ake kira Igarra, wasu abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga yanke shawara ta ƙarshe don sulhu a nan, sun haɗa da: # Ruwa mai sanyaya daga tuddai kamar Ivokoto, Ifege, Idiko da Usege. Ko da bayan gina ruwan da ke dauke da bututu, wasu mutane a Igarra har yanzu sun fi son ruwan sanyi daga Ivokoto da Ifeg # # # # # # # # # # # e. # Hills suna ba da kariya daga tashin hankali na waje. Igarra kusan an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu duwatsu. # Ƙasa mai kyau don amfanin gona kamar Yam, Cassava, da Palm. "UNO" yana nufin kayan dabino a cikin harshen Igala). Igarra mai yiwuwa ya samo sunansa daga wannan amfanin dabino mai yawa wanda suka hadu a lokacin da suka isa ƙasar. # Kasuwanci mai tasowa a cikin beads tare da asalin - Anafuas . A lokacin ƙaura, ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka zo wurin yanzu tare da Ariwo Ovejijo da ke cikinta yana da wasu hatsi na masara ba da gangan ba ko da gangan. An yi imanin cewa wannan mace ta fito ne daga dangin Eziakuta - ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da suka kasance masu aminci ga Ariwo Ovejijo. Wannan masara ta guinea ta girma, an girbe ta kuma an sake shuka ta. Wannan tabbas shine dalilin da ya sa iyalin Eziakuta ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin (osisiakumete) "Ete" shine Igarra yana nufin ƙasa ko ƙasa. "Osisiakumete" saboda haka yana nufin kwanciyar hankali ga allahn ƙasa da girbi. A wannan rana ne aka shirya ranar Upe Enu. (Upe Enu shine sabon bikin yam a Igarra). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Igarra Kingdom {{!}} Festivals |url=http://www.igarrakingdom.org/festivals/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> As stated earlier, Ariwo Ovejijo and his migrants met very few people residing on the hills of Igarra. These were the Anafuas (midgets), Anivas (foolish people) and Andokonis. Very little is known about these people except that they lived in caves and their life style was simple and unsophisticated compared to the Igarras. These people were eliminated when they began to constitute a menace to the Igarras after settlement. They were either killed or driven away from the area to join their kith and kin in the former [[Kongo Basin|Congo Basin]] (pygmies of the Congo Basin). They are remembered till today by the Arigede song “Andokoni van reku ayi Ido wa” etc meaning Andokonis were our enemies and we conquered them. The Anafuas were a cunning set of people who use the strength of the Anivas to their advantage. The Anivas are believed to be very powerful that they could lift very big stones as barricades against the enemies of the Anafuas. The unfortunate thing amongst them was that they were very foolish hence any foolish behavior in Igarra today is attributed to an Iva blood on any one.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Shugaban wadannan mutane an kira shi Uno wanda Igarra zai iya samun sunansa 'Etuno' ma'anar ƙasar Uno. Anafuas sun kasance masu cin kasuwa masu kyau a cikin beads. Sun musayar lu'ulu'u don kayan gona. Amfani da cowries a matsayin matsakaiciyar musayar ya kara karfafawa. 'Ovene', 'Isu', 'Ofa', da "Opa" sune nau'ikan beads daban-daban da waɗannan Anafuas suka yi ciniki. [[Bikin ABA, Igarra|Bikin Aba]] shine bikin gargajiya da aka fi sani a Igarra. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi kowane shekaru bakwai kuma yana farawa a watan Agusta. Bikin Aba ya fara ne a matsayin bikin nasarar da mafarauta na yankin suka yi a kan mazauna farko na ƙasar. Bikin wanda ke da shekaru 228 yana nuna ƙarshen ayyukan yayin da yake nuna ƙarshen mulkin gargajiya na shekaru bakwai da kuma farkon sabon. Bikin koyaushe yana da launuka masu ban sha'awa tare da nishaɗi da ƙwarewa. Total E & T ta ayyana bikin a shekara ta 2006 a matsayin bukukuwan al'adu na asali sittin a Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] bn1a8p6h5bomthj0c240yi3o25za7k1 841457 841456 2026-05-28T11:02:14Z Salma kyari 36463 /* Manazarta */ 841457 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Igarra''' (wanda aka fi sani da Etuno) shi ne hedkwatar karamar hukumar [[Akoko-Edo|Akoko Edo]] ta [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Igarra people Akoko Edo, Edo state |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Akoko_Edo_The_History_of_Igarra.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> Garin ya ƙunshi unguwanni uku manya, wato Ugbogbo, Utua da Uffa. Yankin ya shahara da kyawawan duwatsu da tsaunuka masu kayatarwa, kuma tsaunukan Kukuruku Hills ne suka kewaye shi. Mazauna Igarra, waɗanda ake kira <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Anetuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, suna magana da harshen <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Etuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, kuma suna da kamanceceniya ta fuskar harshe da al’adu da al’ummargbira dadake Kogi State[1] Igarra kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin kabilun da suka kafa Afemailand . Kakannin mutanen Igarra sun yi hijira ne daga garin Idah da ke Kogi State ta yanzu ƙarƙashin jagorancin <nowiki>'''Ariwo Ovejijo''', wani yarima daga Idah. Ya bar Idah tare da mabiyansa saboda yana ganin an tauye masa haƙƙinsa na hawa karagar '''Attah na Igala'''</nowiki> ƙarni da dama da suka gabata. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa annabi (Eva) ya amince da sulhu a shafin da ake kira Igarra, wasu abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga yanke shawara ta ƙarshe don sulhu a nan, sun haɗa da: # Ruwa mai sanyaya daga tuddai kamar Ivokoto, Ifege, Idiko da Usege. Ko da bayan gina ruwan da ke dauke da bututu, wasu mutane a Igarra har yanzu sun fi son ruwan sanyi daga Ivokoto da Ifeg # # # # # # # # # # # e. # Hills suna ba da kariya daga tashin hankali na waje. Igarra kusan an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu duwatsu. # Ƙasa mai kyau don amfanin gona kamar Yam, Cassava, da Palm. "UNO" yana nufin kayan dabino a cikin harshen Igala). Igarra mai yiwuwa ya samo sunansa daga wannan amfanin dabino mai yawa wanda suka hadu a lokacin da suka isa ƙasar. # Kasuwanci mai tasowa a cikin beads tare da asalin - Anafuas . A lokacin ƙaura, ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka zo wurin yanzu tare da Ariwo Ovejijo da ke cikinta yana da wasu hatsi na masara ba da gangan ba ko da gangan. An yi imanin cewa wannan mace ta fito ne daga dangin Eziakuta - ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da suka kasance masu aminci ga Ariwo Ovejijo. Wannan masara ta guinea ta girma, an girbe ta kuma an sake shuka ta. Wannan tabbas shine dalilin da ya sa iyalin Eziakuta ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin (osisiakumete) "Ete" shine Igarra yana nufin ƙasa ko ƙasa. "Osisiakumete" saboda haka yana nufin kwanciyar hankali ga allahn ƙasa da girbi. A wannan rana ne aka shirya ranar Upe Enu. (Upe Enu shine sabon bikin yam a Igarra). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Igarra Kingdom {{!}} Festivals |url=http://www.igarrakingdom.org/festivals/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> As stated earlier, Ariwo Ovejijo and his migrants met very few people residing on the hills of Igarra. These were the Anafuas (midgets), Anivas (foolish people) and Andokonis. Very little is known about these people except that they lived in caves and their life style was simple and unsophisticated compared to the Igarras. These people were eliminated when they began to constitute a menace to the Igarras after settlement. They were either killed or driven away from the area to join their kith and kin in the former [[Kongo Basin|Congo Basin]] (pygmies of the Congo Basin). They are remembered till today by the Arigede song “Andokoni van reku ayi Ido wa” etc meaning Andokonis were our enemies and we conquered them. The Anafuas were a cunning set of people who use the strength of the Anivas to their advantage. The Anivas are believed to be very powerful that they could lift very big stones as barricades against the enemies of the Anafuas. The unfortunate thing amongst them was that they were very foolish hence any foolish behavior in Igarra today is attributed to an Iva blood on any one.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Shugaban wadannan mutane an kira shi Uno wanda Igarra zai iya samun sunansa 'Etuno' ma'anar ƙasar Uno. Anafuas sun kasance masu cin kasuwa masu kyau a cikin beads. Sun musayar lu'ulu'u don kayan gona. Amfani da cowries a matsayin matsakaiciyar musayar ya kara karfafawa. 'Ovene', 'Isu', 'Ofa', da "Opa" sune nau'ikan beads daban-daban da waɗannan Anafuas suka yi ciniki. [[Bikin ABA, Igarra|Bikin Aba]] shine bikin gargajiya da aka fi sani a Igarra. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi kowane shekaru bakwai kuma yana farawa a watan Agusta. Bikin Aba ya fara ne a matsayin bikin nasarar da mafarauta na yankin suka yi a kan mazauna farko na ƙasar. Bikin wanda ke da shekaru 228 yana nuna ƙarshen ayyukan yayin da yake nuna ƙarshen mulkin gargajiya na shekaru bakwai da kuma farkon sabon. Bikin koyaushe yana da launuka masu ban sha'awa tare da nishaɗi da ƙwarewa. Total E & T ta ayyana bikin a shekara ta 2006 a matsayin bukukuwan al'adu na asali sittin a Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] 4or396pgdedv9fyfdcsxvyq0y9irttm 841458 841457 2026-05-28T11:02:46Z Salma kyari 36463 841458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Igarra''' (wanda aka fi sani da Etuno) shi ne hedkwatar karamar hukumar [[Akoko-Edo|Akoko Edo]] ta [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Igarra people Akoko Edo, Edo state |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Akoko_Edo_The_History_of_Igarra.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> Garin ya ƙunshi unguwanni uku manya, wato Ugbogbo, Utua da Uffa. Yankin ya shahara da kyawawan duwatsu da tsaunuka masu kayatarwa, kuma tsaunukan Kukuruku Hills ne suka kewaye shi. Mazauna Igarra, waɗanda ake kira <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Anetuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, suna magana da harshen <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Etuno<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, kuma suna da kamanceceniya ta fuskar harshe da al’adu da al’ummargbira dadake Kogi State[1] Igarra kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin kabilun da suka kafa Afemailand . Kakannin mutanen Igarra sun yi hijira ne daga garin Idah da ke Kogi State ta yanzu ƙarƙashin jagorancin <nowiki>'''Ariwo Ovejijo''', wani yarima daga Idah. Ya bar Idah tare da mabiyansa saboda yana ganin an tauye masa haƙƙinsa na hawa karagar '''Attah na Igala'''</nowiki> ƙarni da dama da suka gabata. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa annabi (Eva) ya amince da sulhu a shafin da ake kira Igarra, wasu abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga yanke shawara ta ƙarshe don sulhu a nan, sun haɗa da: # Ruwa mai sanyaya daga tuddai kamar Ivokoto, Ifege, Idiko da Usege. Ko da bayan gina ruwan da ke dauke da bututu, wasu mutane a Igarra har yanzu sun fi son ruwan sanyi daga Ivokoto da Ifeg # # # # # # # # # # # e. # Hills suna ba da kariya daga tashin hankali na waje. Igarra kusan an kewaye shi da tsaunuka masu duwatsu. # Ƙasa mai kyau don amfanin gona kamar Yam, Cassava, da Palm. "UNO" yana nufin kayan dabino a cikin harshen Igala). Igarra mai yiwuwa ya samo sunansa daga wannan amfanin dabino mai yawa wanda suka hadu a lokacin da suka isa ƙasar. # Kasuwanci mai tasowa a cikin beads tare da asalin - Anafuas . A lokacin ƙaura, ɗaya daga cikin matan da suka zo wurin yanzu tare da Ariwo Ovejijo da ke cikinta yana da wasu hatsi na masara ba da gangan ba ko da gangan. An yi imanin cewa wannan mace ta fito ne daga dangin Eziakuta - ɗaya daga cikin iyalan da suka kasance masu aminci ga Ariwo Ovejijo. Wannan masara ta guinea ta girma, an girbe ta kuma an sake shuka ta. Wannan tabbas shine dalilin da ya sa iyalin Eziakuta ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin (osisiakumete) "Ete" shine Igarra yana nufin ƙasa ko ƙasa. "Osisiakumete" saboda haka yana nufin kwanciyar hankali ga allahn ƙasa da girbi. A wannan rana ne aka shirya ranar Upe Enu. (Upe Enu shine sabon bikin yam a Igarra). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Igarra Kingdom {{!}} Festivals |url=http://www.igarrakingdom.org/festivals/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> As stated earlier, Ariwo Ovejijo and his migrants met very few people residing on the hills of Igarra. These were the Anafuas (midgets), Anivas (foolish people) and Andokonis. Very little is known about these people except that they lived in caves and their life style was simple and unsophisticated compared to the Igarras. These people were eliminated when they began to constitute a menace to the Igarras after settlement. They were either killed or driven away from the area to join their kith and kin in the former [[Kongo Basin|Congo Basin]] (pygmies of the Congo Basin). They are remembered till today by the Arigede song “Andokoni van reku ayi Ido wa” etc meaning Andokonis were our enemies and we conquered them. The Anafuas were a cunning set of people who use the strength of the Anivas to their advantage. The Anivas are believed to be very powerful that they could lift very big stones as barricades against the enemies of the Anafuas. The unfortunate thing amongst them was that they were very foolish hence any foolish behavior in Igarra today is attributed to an Iva blood on any one.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Shugaban wadannan mutane an kira shi Uno wanda Igarra zai iya samun sunansa 'Etuno' ma'anar ƙasar Uno. Anafuas sun kasance masu cin kasuwa masu kyau a cikin beads. Sun musayar lu'ulu'u don kayan gona. Amfani da cowries a matsayin matsakaiciyar musayar ya kara karfafawa. 'Ovene', 'Isu', 'Ofa', da "Opa" sune nau'ikan beads daban-daban da waɗannan Anafuas suka yi ciniki. [[Bikin ABA, Igarra|Bikin Aba]] shine bikin gargajiya da aka fi sani a Igarra. Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi kowane shekaru bakwai kuma yana farawa a watan Agusta. Bikin Aba ya fara ne a matsayin bikin nasarar da mafarauta na yankin suka yi a kan mazauna farko na ƙasar. Bikin wanda ke da shekaru 228 yana nuna ƙarshen ayyukan yayin da yake nuna ƙarshen mulkin gargajiya na shekaru bakwai da kuma farkon sabon. Bikin koyaushe yana da launuka masu ban sha'awa tare da nishaɗi da ƙwarewa. Total E & T ta ayyana bikin a shekara ta 2006 a matsayin bukukuwan al'adu na asali sittin a Yammacin Afirka. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Jihar Edo]] 5a3e8cf9lx1xbnqf50gdzqrjt38cygu 0 152724 841459 2026-05-28T11:02:58Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293987555|Noun River (Cameroon)]]" 841459 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kogin Noun''' kogi ne a lardin Yammacin [[Kamaru]] . Yana fitowa ne a Tafkin Oku Tana da iyaka tsakanin yankin Bamiléké da yankin Bamun, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin mutanen Bamiléké. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An rufe kogin Noun a [[Bamendjing]] a shekarar 1975 <ref>van der Knaap, Martin (1994) ''Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs'' CIFA technical paper #26, Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 page 11], {{ISBN|92-5-103581-4}}</ref> ( Kogin Noun yana ɗauke da dorinar ruwa wanda ake iya gani duk tsawon shekara, a cikin daji na kogin, tare da tsuntsaye da yawa, kamar ungulu na goro, mai cin ƙudan zuma, hammerkop, da kuma [[Fayil:Lake-Bamendjing-and-the-Mban-Massif-Cameroon.jpg|right|thumb|Ruwa na Bamendjing tare da Dutsen Yahou a saman dama, NASA 2003]] == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:WikiAfr20_MarcJP46_06.jpg|Canoe on Noun River. Fayil:Piroguier_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg_03.jpg|Canoe Fayil:Enfant_dans_une_pirogue_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg_.02.jpg|Young boy on Noun River in Bamendjing. Fayil:Enfants_dans_une_pirogue_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg._01.jpg|Children in locally made Canoes </gallery> == Manazarta == k5ypfjzmg112ecrqmrnq0qtad4v1pdi 841460 841459 2026-05-28T11:03:13Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Kogin Noun''' kogi ne a lardin Yammacin [[Kamaru]] . Yana fitowa ne a Tafkin Oku Tana da iyaka tsakanin yankin Bamiléké da yankin Bamun, kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin mutanen Bamiléké. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An rufe kogin Noun a [[Bamendjing]] a shekarar 1975 <ref>van der Knaap, Martin (1994) ''Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs'' CIFA technical paper #26, Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 page 11], {{ISBN|92-5-103581-4}}</ref> ( Kogin Noun yana ɗauke da dorinar ruwa wanda ake iya gani duk tsawon shekara, a cikin daji na kogin, tare da tsuntsaye da yawa, kamar ungulu na goro, mai cin ƙudan zuma, hammerkop, da kuma [[Fayil:Lake-Bamendjing-and-the-Mban-Massif-Cameroon.jpg|right|thumb|Ruwa na Bamendjing tare da Dutsen Yahou a saman dama, NASA 2003]] == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:WikiAfr20_MarcJP46_06.jpg|Canoe on Noun River. Fayil:Piroguier_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg_03.jpg|Canoe Fayil:Enfant_dans_une_pirogue_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg_.02.jpg|Young boy on Noun River in Bamendjing. Fayil:Enfants_dans_une_pirogue_sur_le_fleuve_Noun_.jpg._01.jpg|Children in locally made Canoes </gallery> == Manazarta == o1hxjf9y7fiykl6o0h93v7p3irty7m1 0 152725 841461 2026-05-28T11:04:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351930393|Lake Riverside, California]]" 841461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tafkin Riverside''' wuri ne da aka tsara don ƙidayar jama'a a kudu maso yammacin gundumar Riverside, [[California]] . Tafkin Riverside yana da tsayin {{Convert|3379|ft|m}} . <ref name="gnis" /> Kidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta 2020 ta ba da rahoton cewa yawan jama'ar Lake Riverside ya kai 1,375. An sanya wa al'ummar suna ne bayan Tafkin da aka yi da mutum wanda al'ummar ke kewaye da shi. == Labarin Ƙasa da Ilimin Ƙasa == A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, wurin da aka keɓe don ƙidayar jama'a (CDP) ya ƙunshi yanki na 7.4&nbsp;murabba'in mil (19.1)&nbsp;{{Sup|2}} ), kashi 98.86% na ƙasarsa, da kuma kashi 1.14% na ruwa. Sashe na ruwa na CDP, Lake Riverside, an yi shi ne ta wucin gadi lokacin da kamfani mai zaman kansa mai kula da noma wanda ke da ƙasar yana buƙatar tafkin ruwa don aiki. Tare da amincewar Sojojin Injiniyoyi, an haƙa rijiyar a cikin 196 don yin bututun ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don ƙirƙirar Tafkin a cikin ƙananan yankunan Cahuilla Creek da kuma kiyaye shi.<ref name="lawson 1995">{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Faerie R. |title=A history of Lake Riverside Estates, encompassing this valley and surrounding sites |url=http://www.lakeriversideestates.net/editor_upload/File/lre_history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623033426/http://www.lakeriversideestates.net/editor_upload/File/lre_history.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2020 |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=lakeriversideestates.net |publisher=Lake Riverside Mountain-Ears (1995)}}</ref> : 17 An faɗaɗa Tafkin zuwa kadada 55 (0.22 ) a cikin 1970, bayan wani mai haɓaka mai zaman kansa ya sayi dukiyar don juya shi zuwa yanki na ƙauyuka. Asalin rijiyar daga 1962 ya kasance har zuwa 1994, kuma an haƙa sabon rijiyar a 1995 don kiyaye Tafkin.<ref name="lawson 1995" /> {{Rp|18,39–41}} Daga farkon 2016 zuwa ƙarshen 2019, an yi tarin ƙananan girgizar ƙasa - wanda ya kasance a cikin girman daga 0.7 zuwa {{Convert|4|km|mi}}.4 - mafi ƙarfi ya faru a watan Agusta 201{{Convert|8|km|mi}}, kudu da Lake Riverside, kusa da Cahuilla Road (SR 371). Sauran abubuwan girgizar ƙasa sama da 22,000 sun faru a kusa da gefen yammacin Cahuilla Reservation wanda ya kai kilomita 4 (2.5 zuwa arewa zuwa gabashin Tafkin kuma bai haifar da wani mummunar lalacewa ba a cikin shekaru huɗu. Dalilin wannan tarin Girgizar kasa ta Cahuilla an gano shi zuwa wani tafki mai zurfi na ruwa, kimanin kilomita 8 (5.0 mi) a ƙasa, yana yin allurar ruwa a cikin tushe na yankin kuskure, yana haifar da tarin abubuwan girgizar ƙasa yayin da ya bazu a hankali cikin yankin kuskure a cikin shekaru huɗu.<ref name="ngm 2020">{{Cite web |last=Wei-Haas |first=Maya |date=June 18, 2020 |title=A strange earthquake swarm lasted for years: scientists finally know why |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/strange-earthquake-swarm-lasted-years-scientists-finally-know-wh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619030415/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/strange-earthquake-swarm-lasted-years-scientists-finally-know-wh/ |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=National Geographic Magazine}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == {{US Census population|align-fn=center|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>|align=right|2010=1173|2020=1375}} === Ƙididdigar jama'a ta 2020 === Ya zuwa kididdigar , Lake Riverside yana da yawan mutane 1,375 . <ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 188.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (72.8/km2). <ref name="Census2020DP" /> 0.0% na mazauna suna zaune a cikin birane, yayin da 100.0% ke zaune a yankunan karkara.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Rarraba shekarun ya kasance mutane 299 (21.7%) a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, mutane 84 (6.1%) masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24, mutane 306 (22.3%) masu shekaru 25 zuwa 44, mutane 397 (28.9%) masu shekaru 45 zuwa 64, da kuma mutane 289 (21.0%) waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 44.6. Ga kowane mata 100 akwai maza 105.5, kuma ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama akwai maza 103.0 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Dukan jama'a suna zaune a cikin gidaje. Akwai gidaje 509, daga cikinsu 125 (24.6%) suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune a cikinsu. Daga cikin dukkan gidaje, 292 (57.4%) sun kasance gidaje masu aure, 26 (5.1%) sun kasance cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, 109 (21.4%) suna da namiji kuma babu miji ko abokin tarayya, kuma 82 (16.1%) suna da mace mai gida kuma babu miji da abokin tarayya.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)"]. </cite></ref> Kimanin gidaje 118 (23.2%) sun kunshi mutane kuma 44 (8.6%) suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida ya kasance 2.7, kuma akwai iyalai 360 (70.7% na dukkan gidaje). <ref name="Census2020DP" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Riverside CDP, California; P16: Household Type - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=1600000US0639715 |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref> Akwai gidaje 561, daga cikinsu 509 (90.7%) sun shagaltar da 52 (9.3%) ba su da komai. Akwai raka'a 460 da ke zaune a kan masu mallakar (90.4% na raka'a da aka mamaye) da kuma raka'a 49 da ke zaune (9.6% na raka'o'in da aka mamayar). Adadin masu gida ya kasance 1.3% kuma adadin haya ya kasance 2.0%.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)"]. </cite></ref> === Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 === Tafkin Riverside ya fara bayyana a matsayin wurin da aka tsara a cikin Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2010. == Ilimi == Yana cikin Gundumar Makarantar Hemet Unified . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Riverside County, CA |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06065_riverside/DC20SD_C06065.pdf |access-date=2024-10-04 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |page=3 (PDF p. 4/6)}}</ref> == Manazarta == qn2wyuka4njisg3a1txdmuzxrv1whon 841462 841461 2026-05-28T11:05:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tafkin Riverside''' wuri ne da aka tsara don ƙidayar jama'a a kudu maso yammacin gundumar Riverside, [[California]] . Tafkin Riverside yana da tsayin {{Convert|3379|ft|m}} . <ref name="gnis" /> Kidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta 2020 ta ba da rahoton cewa yawan jama'ar Lake Riverside ya kai 1,375. An sanya wa al'ummar suna ne bayan Tafkin da aka yi da mutum wanda al'ummar ke kewaye da shi. == Labarin Ƙasa da Ilimin Ƙasa == A cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Amurka, wurin da aka keɓe don ƙidayar jama'a (CDP) ya ƙunshi yanki na 7.4&nbsp;murabba'in mil (19.1)&nbsp;{{Sup|2}} ), kashi 98.86% na ƙasarsa, da kuma kashi 1.14% na ruwa. Sashe na ruwa na CDP, Lake Riverside, an yi shi ne ta wucin gadi lokacin da kamfani mai zaman kansa mai kula da noma wanda ke da ƙasar yana buƙatar tafkin ruwa don aiki. Tare da amincewar Sojojin Injiniyoyi, an haƙa rijiyar a cikin 196 don yin bututun ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don ƙirƙirar Tafkin a cikin ƙananan yankunan Cahuilla Creek da kuma kiyaye shi.<ref name="lawson 1995">{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Faerie R. |title=A history of Lake Riverside Estates, encompassing this valley and surrounding sites |url=http://www.lakeriversideestates.net/editor_upload/File/lre_history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623033426/http://www.lakeriversideestates.net/editor_upload/File/lre_history.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2020 |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=lakeriversideestates.net |publisher=Lake Riverside Mountain-Ears (1995)}}</ref> : 17 An faɗaɗa Tafkin zuwa kadada 55 (0.22 ) a cikin 1970, bayan wani mai haɓaka mai zaman kansa ya sayi dukiyar don juya shi zuwa yanki na ƙauyuka. Asalin rijiyar daga 1962 ya kasance har zuwa 1994, kuma an haƙa sabon rijiyar a 1995 don kiyaye Tafkin.<ref name="lawson 1995" /> {{Rp|18,39–41}} Daga farkon 2016 zuwa ƙarshen 2019, an yi tarin ƙananan girgizar ƙasa - wanda ya kasance a cikin girman daga 0.7 zuwa {{Convert|4|km|mi}}.4 - mafi ƙarfi ya faru a watan Agusta 201{{Convert|8|km|mi}}, kudu da Lake Riverside, kusa da Cahuilla Road (SR 371). Sauran abubuwan girgizar ƙasa sama da 22,000 sun faru a kusa da gefen yammacin Cahuilla Reservation wanda ya kai kilomita 4 (2.5 zuwa arewa zuwa gabashin Tafkin kuma bai haifar da wani mummunar lalacewa ba a cikin shekaru huɗu. Dalilin wannan tarin Girgizar kasa ta Cahuilla an gano shi zuwa wani tafki mai zurfi na ruwa, kimanin kilomita 8 (5.0 mi) a ƙasa, yana yin allurar ruwa a cikin tushe na yankin kuskure, yana haifar da tarin abubuwan girgizar ƙasa yayin da ya bazu a hankali cikin yankin kuskure a cikin shekaru huɗu.<ref name="ngm 2020">{{Cite web |last=Wei-Haas |first=Maya |date=June 18, 2020 |title=A strange earthquake swarm lasted for years: scientists finally know why |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/strange-earthquake-swarm-lasted-years-scientists-finally-know-wh/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619030415/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/strange-earthquake-swarm-lasted-years-scientists-finally-know-wh/ |archive-date=June 19, 2020 |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=National Geographic Magazine}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == {{US Census population|align-fn=center|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br>1850–1870<ref name=1870CensusCA1>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-12.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name=1870CensusCA2>{{Cite web|title= 1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1880-1890<ref name=1890CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1890/bulletins/demographics/134-population-of-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1900<ref name=1900CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/10-population-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ca.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1920<ref name=1920CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-ca-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1930<ref name=1930CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch03.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-08.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1960<ref name=1960CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-06-d.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ca1-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_caAB-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1990<ref name=1990CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2000<ref name=2000CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusCA>{{Cite web|title= 2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-6.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>|align=right|2010=1173|2020=1375}} === Ƙididdigar jama'a ta 2020 === Ya zuwa kididdigar , Lake Riverside yana da yawan mutane 1,375 . <ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 188.5 a kowace murabba'in mil (72.8/km2). <ref name="Census2020DP" /> 0.0% na mazauna suna zaune a cikin birane, yayin da 100.0% ke zaune a yankunan karkara.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Rarraba shekarun ya kasance mutane 299 (21.7%) a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, mutane 84 (6.1%) masu shekaru 18 zuwa 24, mutane 306 (22.3%) masu shekaru 25 zuwa 44, mutane 397 (28.9%) masu shekaru 45 zuwa 64, da kuma mutane 289 (21.0%) waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 44.6. Ga kowane mata 100 akwai maza 105.5, kuma ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama akwai maza 103.0 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Dukan jama'a suna zaune a cikin gidaje. Akwai gidaje 509, daga cikinsu 125 (24.6%) suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune a cikinsu. Daga cikin dukkan gidaje, 292 (57.4%) sun kasance gidaje masu aure, 26 (5.1%) sun kasance cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, 109 (21.4%) suna da namiji kuma babu miji ko abokin tarayya, kuma 82 (16.1%) suna da mace mai gida kuma babu miji da abokin tarayya.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)"]. </cite></ref> Kimanin gidaje 118 (23.2%) sun kunshi mutane kuma 44 (8.6%) suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida ya kasance 2.7, kuma akwai iyalai 360 (70.7% na dukkan gidaje). <ref name="Census2020DP" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Riverside CDP, California; P16: Household Type - 2020 Census of Population and Housing |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDHC2020.P16?g=1600000US0639715 |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=US Census Bureau}}</ref> Akwai gidaje 561, daga cikinsu 509 (90.7%) sun shagaltar da 52 (9.3%) ba su da komai. Akwai raka'a 460 da ke zaune a kan masu mallakar (90.4% na raka'a da aka mamaye) da kuma raka'a 49 da ke zaune (9.6% na raka'o'in da aka mamayar). Adadin masu gida ya kasance 1.3% kuma adadin haya ya kasance 2.0%.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A39715&in=state%3A06 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)"]. </cite></ref> === Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 === Tafkin Riverside ya fara bayyana a matsayin wurin da aka tsara a cikin Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2010. == Ilimi == Yana cikin Gundumar Makarantar Hemet Unified . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Riverside County, CA |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06065_riverside/DC20SD_C06065.pdf |access-date=2024-10-04 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |page=3 (PDF p. 4/6)}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2up67p6t9tjhoglwfaey6k6e01258yi 0 152726 841463 2026-05-28T11:06:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355201336|Moulouya River]]" 841463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kogin Moulouya''' {{Efn|{{langx|rif|iɣẓer n melwect}}<br>{{Langx|ar|وادي ملوية}}}} {{Convert|520|km|4=-long}} ne kogi a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Majiyoyinsa suna cikin dutsen Ayashi a [[Tsaunin Atlas|tsakiyar Atlas]] . Ya kwarara zuwa [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kusa da Saïdia, a arewa maso gabashin Maroko. Matsayin ruwa a cikin kogi sau da yawa yana canzawa. Ana amfani da kogin don ban ruwa kuma Hassan II da Mohamed V Dams sun toshe shi. == Tarihi == An san kogin a tarihi da '''''Malva''''' (Anglicized: '''Malve'''), '''''Malua''''', '''''Malvam''''', '''''Mulva''''', '''''Mulucha''''', ko Molochath flumen, sunayen da za su iya danganta da Tushen Semitic ''Melach'' ko ''malach'', ma'ana "gishiri". Maurice Besnier ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi amfani da ƙananan sassan kogin don samar da gishiri, amma ba a sami tabbacin kayan aiki ba. {{Sfn|Trakadas|2016}} Daga ƙarshen ƙarni na huɗu zuwa farkon ƙarni na uku KZ, Mulucha ya kafa iyaka tsakanin [[Mauretania|Masarautar Mauri]] zuwa yamma da Masarautar Masaesylli zuwa gabas. Titus Livius (wanda aka fi sani da Livy) ya ambaci shi a matsayin Mulucha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 29, chapter 30 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0159:book=29:chapter=30 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flamingo_at_Moulouya.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Flamingoes a cikin Moulouya .]] A cikin Historia Brittonum (c. 828) ya bayyana a matsayin Kogin Malvam, tare da hanyar almara ta Scoti daga Misira zuwa Hispania . <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first=Keith J. |year=2020 |title=Genealogia Brittonum: the complete Historia Brittonum |url=http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/hb/historia_brittonum1.html |access-date=2022-10-25}}</ref> A cikin Historia Regum Britanniae na Geoffrey na Monmouth (c. 1136), Brutus na Troy ya bi irin wannan hanyar daga Leogecia, yana ƙara haɗuwa da masu satar teku, hare-hare a [[Mauretania]], da sirens a Ginshiƙan Hercules, yana wucewa Kogin Malvam kafin ya shiga Mauretania. Kogin Moulouya ya kafa iyakar gabashin Jamhuriyar Rif a cikin 1920s, wani karamin ɓangare na Maroko wanda ke dauke da manyan birane kamar Saïdia da Oujda da ke gabas, tsakanin Moulouya da iyakar da Aljeriya. Har zuwa shekara ta 1956 kogin ya kafa iyakar gabashin Mutanen Espanya na Morocco. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kafin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Kogin Moulouya a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Regency na Algiers da daular da ke sarrafa Morocco. yaƙi tsakanin Aljeriyawa da Alawites ya faru a cikin 1692 a kogin wannan kogi. An ba da magudanan magudanan Martian sunayen koguna na almara da na ainihi, gami da wanda ake kira "Malva" bayan Kogin Malvam. dvg8ykd5zqwv8esxk8zttcnb04bm93f 841464 841463 2026-05-28T11:06:45Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Moulouya''' {{Efn|{{langx|rif|iɣẓer n melwect}}<br>{{Langx|ar|وادي ملوية}}}} {{Convert|520|km|4=-long}} ne kogi a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Majiyoyinsa suna cikin dutsen Ayashi a [[Tsaunin Atlas|tsakiyar Atlas]] . Ya kwarara zuwa [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kusa da Saïdia, a arewa maso gabashin Maroko. Matsayin ruwa a cikin kogi sau da yawa yana canzawa. Ana amfani da kogin don ban ruwa kuma Hassan II da Mohamed V Dams sun toshe shi. == Tarihi == An san kogin a tarihi da '''''Malva''''' (Anglicized: '''Malve'''), '''''Malua''''', '''''Malvam''''', '''''Mulva''''', '''''Mulucha''''', ko Molochath flumen, sunayen da za su iya danganta da Tushen Semitic ''Melach'' ko ''malach'', ma'ana "gishiri". Maurice Besnier ya ba da shawarar cewa an yi amfani da ƙananan sassan kogin don samar da gishiri, amma ba a sami tabbacin kayan aiki ba. {{Sfn|Trakadas|2016}} Daga ƙarshen ƙarni na huɗu zuwa farkon ƙarni na uku KZ, Mulucha ya kafa iyaka tsakanin [[Mauretania|Masarautar Mauri]] zuwa yamma da Masarautar Masaesylli zuwa gabas. Titus Livius (wanda aka fi sani da Livy) ya ambaci shi a matsayin Mulucha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 29, chapter 30 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0159:book=29:chapter=30 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flamingo_at_Moulouya.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Flamingoes a cikin Moulouya .]] A cikin Historia Brittonum (c. 828) ya bayyana a matsayin Kogin Malvam, tare da hanyar almara ta Scoti daga Misira zuwa Hispania . <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first=Keith J. |year=2020 |title=Genealogia Brittonum: the complete Historia Brittonum |url=http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/hb/historia_brittonum1.html |access-date=2022-10-25}}</ref> A cikin Historia Regum Britanniae na Geoffrey na Monmouth (c. 1136), Brutus na Troy ya bi irin wannan hanyar daga Leogecia, yana ƙara haɗuwa da masu satar teku, hare-hare a [[Mauretania]], da sirens a Ginshiƙan Hercules, yana wucewa Kogin Malvam kafin ya shiga Mauretania. Kogin Moulouya ya kafa iyakar gabashin Jamhuriyar Rif a cikin 1920s, wani karamin ɓangare na Maroko wanda ke dauke da manyan birane kamar Saïdia da Oujda da ke gabas, tsakanin Moulouya da iyakar da Aljeriya. Har zuwa shekara ta 1956 kogin ya kafa iyakar gabashin Mutanen Espanya na Morocco. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kafin mulkin mallaka na Faransa, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar Kogin Moulouya a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Regency na Algiers da daular da ke sarrafa Morocco. yaƙi tsakanin Aljeriyawa da Alawites ya faru a cikin 1692 a kogin wannan kogi. An ba da magudanan magudanan Martian sunayen koguna na almara da na ainihi, gami da wanda ake kira "Malva" bayan Kogin Malvam. ==manazarta== 8od5gm3n2vwhpg0mo7lquyvnelmbakm 0 152727 841465 2026-05-28T11:07:53Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1224964299|Oued Guir]]" 841465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oued Guir''' kogi ne ko rafi mai ratsawa wanda ke ratsawa ta yankunan Drâa-Tafilalet da Gabas a kudu maso gabashin [[Moroko|Morocco]] da Lardin Béchar a yammacin [[Aljeriya]] . <ref name="Merzougui">{{Cite web |last=Merzougui |first=Touhami |title=L’eau dans l’oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien) |url=http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 February 2013 |publisher=Nature Vivante}}</ref> == Hanyar da ake ciki == Oued Guir ya samo asali ne a cikin tsaunukan Atlas kilomita 22 (14 arewa maso gabashin garin Gourrama, Drâa-Tafilalet, sannan ya gudana kudu zuwa Boudenib kuma ya juya gabas, ya haye zuwa yankin Gabas. A nan ya haɗu da [[Beni Yal]] da [[Oued Zelmou]] kuma ya juya kudu zuwa iyakar [[Aljeriya]]. Bayan ya shiga Aljeriya, kogin ya shiga madatsar ruwan [[Djorf Torba Dam|Djorf Torba]], ya ci gaba da wucewa Abadla zuwa Igli, inda ya haɗu da Oued Zouzfana don samar da Oued Saoura . <ref name="Merzougui">{{Cite web |last=Merzougui |first=Touhami |title=L’eau dans l’oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien) |url=http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 February 2013 |publisher=Nature Vivante}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMerzougui">Merzougui, Touhami. [http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf "L'eau dans l'oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nature Vivante. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref><gallery> Fayil:Barrage_de_djorf_torba.jpg|Djorf Torba Reservoir Fayil:La_vallée_du_Guir_(Algérie).jpg|The Guir valléy, [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] </gallery> == Manazarta == hs8azubi9mt67xlnp9pdpvzv38p7ziq 841466 841465 2026-05-28T11:08:17Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oued Guir''' kogi ne ko rafi mai ratsawa wanda ke ratsawa ta yankunan Drâa-Tafilalet da Gabas a kudu maso gabashin [[Moroko|Morocco]] da Lardin Béchar a yammacin [[Aljeriya]] . <ref name="Merzougui">{{Cite web |last=Merzougui |first=Touhami |title=L’eau dans l’oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien) |url=http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 February 2013 |publisher=Nature Vivante}}</ref> == Hanyar da ake ciki == Oued Guir ya samo asali ne a cikin tsaunukan Atlas kilomita 22 (14 arewa maso gabashin garin Gourrama, Drâa-Tafilalet, sannan ya gudana kudu zuwa Boudenib kuma ya juya gabas, ya haye zuwa yankin Gabas. A nan ya haɗu da [[Beni Yal]] da [[Oued Zelmou]] kuma ya juya kudu zuwa iyakar [[Aljeriya]]. Bayan ya shiga Aljeriya, kogin ya shiga madatsar ruwan [[Djorf Torba Dam|Djorf Torba]], ya ci gaba da wucewa Abadla zuwa Igli, inda ya haɗu da Oued Zouzfana don samar da Oued Saoura . <ref name="Merzougui">{{Cite web |last=Merzougui |first=Touhami |title=L’eau dans l’oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien) |url=http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 February 2013 |publisher=Nature Vivante}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMerzougui">Merzougui, Touhami. [http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf "L'eau dans l'oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien)"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nature Vivante. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref><gallery> Fayil:Barrage_de_djorf_torba.jpg|Djorf Torba Reservoir Fayil:La_vallée_du_Guir_(Algérie).jpg|The Guir valléy, [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] </gallery> == Manazarta == avvohkz0sbexwq60bi2q42q0izybkl2 0 152728 841467 2026-05-28T11:11:39Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356486773|Strait of Gibraltar]]" 841467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mashigar Gibraltar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Mashigar Gibraltar''', wani mashigi ne mai kunkuntar da ke haɗa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kuma ya raba [[Turai]] da [[Afirka]] . Nahiyoyi biyu suna raba mil 7.7 na ruwa (kilomita 14.2, mil 8.9 na ƙa'ida) a mafi ƙanƙantar wurinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strait of Gibraltar |url=https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2016-12-30 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Jiragen ruwa suna ratsa tsakanin nahiyoyi biyu kowace rana cikin ƙasa da mintuna 35. Zurfin Mashigar yana tsakanin mita 300 zuwa 900 ( {{Convert|300|and|900|m|ft fathom}} 160 da 490 . Rashin yana cikin ruwan yankin [[Moroko|Maroko]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], da yankin Burtaniya na [[Gibraltar]]. A karkashin [[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun]], jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na kasashen waje suna da 'yancin kewayawa da tashi don ƙetare ƙofar Gibraltar idan akwai ci gaba da wucewa. == Sunayen da kuma asalin == Sunan ya fito ne daga Dutsen Gibraltar, wanda kuma ya samo asali ne daga Larabci {{Transl|ar|Jabal Ṭāriq}} (ma'ana "Dutse na Tariq"), mai suna Tariq ibn Ziyad . Har ila yau an san shi da Straits of Gibraltar, Gut of Gibraltar (ko da yake wannan yafi archaic), da STROG (STRait Of Gibraltar) a cikin amfani da sojan ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Books Ngram Viewer results "Strait of Gibraltar/Gut of Gibraltar" |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Strait+of+Gibraltar%2CGut+of+Gibraltar&year_start=1700&year_end=2014&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CStrait%20of%20Gibraltar%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CGut%20of%20Gibraltar%3B%2Cc0}}</ref> Another Arabic name is ''Bāb al-[[wiktionary:مغرب|''maghrib'']]'' (Arabic: باب المغرب), meaning "Gate of the West" or "Gate of the sunset", and furthermore "Gate of the Maghreb" or "Gate of [[Moroko|Morocco]]".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> In the Middle Ages it was called in Arabic {{Transl|ar|Az-Zuqāq}} ({{Lang|ar|الزقاق}} 'the Passage'), or {{Transl|ar|bḥar az-zuqāq}} ({{Lang|ar|بحر الزقاق}} 'the passage sea') and by the Romans {{Lang|la|Fretum Gaditanum}} (Strait of Cádiz). A cikin Latin an kira shi {{Lang|la|Fretum Herculeum}}, <ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 2009">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2009 |title=Strait of Gibraltar - channel |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Strait-of-Gibraltar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214081337/https://www.britannica.com/place/Strait-of-Gibraltar |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> bisa ga sunan daga zamanin d ̄ a "Pillars of Hercules" (Girkanci na dā), yana nufin duwatsu a matsayin ginshiƙai, kamar Gibraltar, da ke gefen ƙuƙwalwar. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:The_Strait_of_Gibraltar,_April_2023.jpg|thumb|Turai (hagu) da Afirka (dama) ]] A gefen arewacin Strait akwai [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da [[Gibraltar]] (ƙasar ƙasashen waje ta Burtaniya a Yankin Iberian). A gefen kudu akwai Morocco da [[Ceuta]] (birni mai cin gashin kansa na Spain a arewacin Afirka). Saboda wurin da yake, ana amfani da Strait don Shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba daga Afirka zuwa Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration Information Source – The Merits and Limitations of Spain's High-Tech Border Control |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110232208/http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=605 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=15 July 2011 |publisher=Migrationinformation.org}}</ref> === Yankin === Ƙungiyar Hydrographic ta Duniya ta bayyana iyakokin Strait of Gibraltar kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |year=1953 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition |url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207191813/https://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> avfrq8g8mabbny5go7purajmawsp7lk 841468 841467 2026-05-28T11:12:10Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mashigar Gibraltar''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Mashigar Gibraltar''', wani mashigi ne mai kunkuntar da ke haɗa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] kuma ya raba [[Turai]] da [[Afirka]] . Nahiyoyi biyu suna raba mil 7.7 na ruwa (kilomita 14.2, mil 8.9 na ƙa'ida) a mafi ƙanƙantar wurinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strait of Gibraltar |url=https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2016-12-30 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> Jiragen ruwa suna ratsa tsakanin nahiyoyi biyu kowace rana cikin ƙasa da mintuna 35. Zurfin Mashigar yana tsakanin mita 300 zuwa 900 ( {{Convert|300|and|900|m|ft fathom}} 160 da 490 . Rashin yana cikin ruwan yankin [[Moroko|Maroko]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], da yankin Burtaniya na [[Gibraltar]]. A karkashin [[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun]], jiragen ruwa da jiragen sama na kasashen waje suna da 'yancin kewayawa da tashi don ƙetare ƙofar Gibraltar idan akwai ci gaba da wucewa. == Sunayen da kuma asalin == Sunan ya fito ne daga Dutsen Gibraltar, wanda kuma ya samo asali ne daga Larabci {{Transl|ar|Jabal Ṭāriq}} (ma'ana "Dutse na Tariq"), mai suna Tariq ibn Ziyad . Har ila yau an san shi da Straits of Gibraltar, Gut of Gibraltar (ko da yake wannan yafi archaic), da STROG (STRait Of Gibraltar) a cikin amfani da sojan ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Books Ngram Viewer results "Strait of Gibraltar/Gut of Gibraltar" |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Strait+of+Gibraltar%2CGut+of+Gibraltar&year_start=1700&year_end=2014&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CStrait%20of%20Gibraltar%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CGut%20of%20Gibraltar%3B%2Cc0}}</ref> Another Arabic name is ''Bāb al-[[wiktionary:مغرب|''maghrib'']]'' (Arabic: باب المغرب), meaning "Gate of the West" or "Gate of the sunset", and furthermore "Gate of the Maghreb" or "Gate of [[Moroko|Morocco]]".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> In the Middle Ages it was called in Arabic {{Transl|ar|Az-Zuqāq}} ({{Lang|ar|الزقاق}} 'the Passage'), or {{Transl|ar|bḥar az-zuqāq}} ({{Lang|ar|بحر الزقاق}} 'the passage sea') and by the Romans {{Lang|la|Fretum Gaditanum}} (Strait of Cádiz). A cikin Latin an kira shi {{Lang|la|Fretum Herculeum}}, <ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 2009">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2009 |title=Strait of Gibraltar - channel |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Strait-of-Gibraltar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214081337/https://www.britannica.com/place/Strait-of-Gibraltar |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> bisa ga sunan daga zamanin d ̄ a "Pillars of Hercules" (Girkanci na dā), yana nufin duwatsu a matsayin ginshiƙai, kamar Gibraltar, da ke gefen ƙuƙwalwar. == Wurin da yake == [[Fayil:The_Strait_of_Gibraltar,_April_2023.jpg|thumb|Turai (hagu) da Afirka (dama) ]] A gefen arewacin Strait akwai [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da [[Gibraltar]] (ƙasar ƙasashen waje ta Burtaniya a Yankin Iberian). A gefen kudu akwai Morocco da [[Ceuta]] (birni mai cin gashin kansa na Spain a arewacin Afirka). Saboda wurin da yake, ana amfani da Strait don Shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba daga Afirka zuwa Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration Information Source – The Merits and Limitations of Spain's High-Tech Border Control |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=605 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110232208/http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=605 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=15 July 2011 |publisher=Migrationinformation.org}}</ref> === Yankin === Ƙungiyar Hydrographic ta Duniya ta bayyana iyakokin Strait of Gibraltar kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |year=1953 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition |url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207191813/https://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> ==manazarta== 4r09lbjdvpubf8k0qazk48dfah98zr0 0 152729 841469 2026-05-28T11:13:21Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337957934|Bou Regreg]]" 841469 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Bou Regreg''' ( Arabic ) [[kogi]] ne da ke yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] tsakanin biranen [[Rabat]] da [[Salé]] . Ana kiran mashigar wannan kogin '''da Wadi Sala''' . Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 240, tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 24 da ke tashi sama da kogin. Matsakaicin fitarsa shine mita ²³ a cikin sa'a ɗaya kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 1500 a cikin sa'a ^ɗaya a lokacin [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] . Kogin ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] a tsayin mita 1627 a matakin [[Jbel Mtourzgane]] (lardin Khemisset ) da Grou (lardin Khénifra ) kuma ya gangara zuwa bakinsa a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], yana raba biranen Rabat a kudu da Salé a arewa. == Ingancin ruwa == Matsalolin [[ingancin ruwa]] na Bou Regreg sun haɗa da kutsewar ruwan gishiri, [[Kwararar ruwa|kwararar]] nitrates mai yawa daga [[Noma|amfanin gona]] da gurɓatar mercury da ake tsammanin yana tasowa sakamakon amfani da wasu [[Maganin Kashe Kwari|magungunan kashe kwari]] a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarik Bahaj, ''Geochemical Characteristics of the Continental Waters Downstream from the Bou Regreg Basin and the Temara Plain, Morocco'', October 30, 2007 |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020212632/https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2007}}</ref> == Tarihi == Phoenicians da Carthaginians, wadanda suka kafa yankuna da yawa a Maroko, sun zauna a bakin Bou Regreg kimanin kilomita biyu daga bakinsa a tsohuwar shafin Chellah. Wannan shafin binciken archaeological ya ƙunshi rushewa wani garin [[Romawa na Da|Roman]] da aka sani da Sala Colonia kuma Ptolemy ya kira shi Sala. Chellah wani muhimmin birni ne na tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa tare da ragowar da ta hada da Decumanus Maximus, ko kuma babbar hanyar, da kuma wadanda ke cikin wani taro, wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wani baka na nasara, da sauran rushewar Romawa. == Manazartq == jyywiqvgb326ixuxea2e0giwvmhr8tx 841470 841469 2026-05-28T11:13:41Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Bou Regreg''' ( Arabic ) [[kogi]] ne da ke yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] tsakanin biranen [[Rabat]] da [[Salé]] . Ana kiran mashigar wannan kogin '''da Wadi Sala''' . Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 240, tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 24 da ke tashi sama da kogin. Matsakaicin fitarsa shine mita ²³ a cikin sa'a ɗaya kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 1500 a cikin sa'a ^ɗaya a lokacin [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] . Kogin ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan [[Tsaunin Atlas|Tsakiyar Atlas]] a tsayin mita 1627 a matakin [[Jbel Mtourzgane]] (lardin Khemisset ) da Grou (lardin Khénifra ) kuma ya gangara zuwa bakinsa a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], yana raba biranen Rabat a kudu da Salé a arewa. == Ingancin ruwa == Matsalolin [[ingancin ruwa]] na Bou Regreg sun haɗa da kutsewar ruwan gishiri, [[Kwararar ruwa|kwararar]] nitrates mai yawa daga [[Noma|amfanin gona]] da gurɓatar mercury da ake tsammanin yana tasowa sakamakon amfani da wasu [[Maganin Kashe Kwari|magungunan kashe kwari]] a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarik Bahaj, ''Geochemical Characteristics of the Continental Waters Downstream from the Bou Regreg Basin and the Temara Plain, Morocco'', October 30, 2007 |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020212632/https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_124631.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2007}}</ref> == Tarihi == Phoenicians da Carthaginians, wadanda suka kafa yankuna da yawa a Maroko, sun zauna a bakin Bou Regreg kimanin kilomita biyu daga bakinsa a tsohuwar shafin Chellah. Wannan shafin binciken archaeological ya ƙunshi rushewa wani garin [[Romawa na Da|Roman]] da aka sani da Sala Colonia kuma Ptolemy ya kira shi Sala. Chellah wani muhimmin birni ne na tsohuwar tashar jiragen ruwa tare da ragowar da ta hada da Decumanus Maximus, ko kuma babbar hanyar, da kuma wadanda ke cikin wani taro, wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wani baka na nasara, da sauran rushewar Romawa. == Manazartq == pnrbqsasjl5i6i1t4f4qnrb9k2s0z6b 0 152730 841471 2026-05-28T11:15:25Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348689023|Draa River]]" 841471 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Draa''' ( Arabic ; wanda kuma aka rubuta '''Dra''' ko '''Drâa''', a cikin tsoffin majiyoyi galibi '''Darha''' ko '''Dara''' ) shine kogin mafi tsayi a [[Moroko|Morocco]], mai {{Convert|1100|km|mi}} . An samar da shi ta hanyar haɗuwar [[Kogin Dadès]] da Kogin Imini . Yana gudana daga tsaunukan High Atlas, da farko kudu maso gabas zuwa Tagounite, kuma daga Tagounite galibi yamma zuwa bakinsa a Tekun Atlantika a arewacin Tan-Tan . A shekarar 1971, an gina madatsar ruwa ta (El) Mansour Eddabi don hidima ga babban birnin yankin Ouarzazate da kuma daidaita kwararar ruwan Draa. Yawancin lokaci a shekara, ɓangaren Draa bayan Tagounite yana bushewa. A rabin farko na karni na 20, mafi ƙasƙanci na Draa ya nuna iyaka tsakanin [[Kariyar Faransa a Maroko|ikon mallakar ƙasar Morocco ta Faransa]] da yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Sipaniya . Kwarin ya ƙunshi tsarin Fezouata, waɗanda su ne ma'adanai irin na Burgess shale waɗanda suka samo asali daga Lower Ordovician, suna cike wani muhimmin tagar kiyayewa tsakanin Cambrian lagerstätten na gama gari da kuma Martial Ordovician Soom shale . <ref name="DeRoy2010">{{Cite journal |last=Van Roy |first=P. |last2=Orr |first2=P. J. |last3=Botting |first3=J. P. |last4=Muir |first4=L. A. |last5=Vinther |first5=J. |last6=Lefebvre |first6=B. |last7=Hariri |first7=K. E. |last8=Briggs |first8=D. E. G. |author-link8=Derek Briggs |year=2010 |title=Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |volume=465 |issue=7295 |pages=215–8 |bibcode=2010Natur.465..215V |doi=10.1038/nature09038 |pmid=20463737 |s2cid=4313285 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225134012/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> A cikin burbushin halittu akwai halittu da yawa da aka yi zaton sun mutu bayan tsakiyar Cambrian . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Victoria |date=13 May 2010 |title=BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124849/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=[[BBC Online]] |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihi na farko === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{See also|Saharan rock art}}Ayyukan ɗan adam a cikin kwarin Draa da tsaunuka da ke kusa da su sun kasance aƙalla zuwa Lower Paleolithic, kamar yadda kayan aikin Oldowan da Acheulean da aka samo kusa da Tamegroute suka tabbatar. Shafukan Paleolithic na Tsakiya sun yadu.<ref name="mattingly2017">{{Cite journal |last=Mattingly |first=David J. |last2=Bokbot |first2=Youssef |last3=Sterry |first3=Martin |last4=Cuénod |first4=Aurelie |last5=Fenwick |first5=Corisande |last6=Gatto |first6=Maria Carmela |last7=Ray |first7=Nick |last8=Rayne |first8=Louise |last9=Janin |first9=Katrien |last10=Lamb |first10=Andrew |last11=Mugnai |first11=Niccoló |last12=Nikolaus |first12=Julia |date=2017 |title=Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |url-status=live |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=149 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340009 |issn=1612-1651 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521145535/https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=7 February 2024 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya samun zane-zane na dutse na zamanin Neolithic a ko'ina cikin kwarin Draa, wanda ke nuna wuraren farauta da shanu na gida. Jerin lokutan waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ba shi da tabbas, amma farkon na iya kasancewa a cikin karni na 3 KZ.{{Sfn|Searight|2001}} === Kafin 1054 === [[Fayil:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Ptolemy na Afirka. Kogin Draa, Dara fl. yana cikin tsakiyar taswirar, kawai a kudancin tsaunuka, sama da kalmar Garamantes . fl. ita ce taƙaice don flumen, kogin Latin.]] Kogin Draa kuma sananne ne ga Romawa na dā. Ya bayyana a taswirar duniya ta farko a tarihi da Ptolemy (90-168 AD) ya yi. (Babu "taswirar duniya ta farko" da Ptolemy ya yi, kuma babu wasu taswirar rubuce-rubucen da Ptolemy ta yi. Taswirar "Ptolemaic" da aka buga, da farko da suka bayyana a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, sun dogara ne akan bayanan Ptolemy, misali wanda za a rubuta latitude da longitude na wurare daban-daban; irin waɗannan taswirar ba su dogara ne akan taswirar da Ptolemy.) === Wattasids === [[Fayil:The_river_draa.JPG|right|thumb|Kogin Draa]] A lokacin mulkin Wattasid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Askia Ishaq I na [[Daular Songhai]] ya aika da maharan [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] zuwa kwarin Draa don rama zargi na diflomasiyya inda Morocco ta bukaci a ba da ma'adinin gishiri mai daraja na Taghaza. lo0tirkd4hzmhf9y2jvgws25mt1dyc4 841472 841471 2026-05-28T11:16:00Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Draa''' ( Arabic ; wanda kuma aka rubuta '''Dra''' ko '''Drâa''', a cikin tsoffin majiyoyi galibi '''Darha''' ko '''Dara''' ) shine kogin mafi tsayi a [[Moroko|Morocco]], mai {{Convert|1100|km|mi}} . An samar da shi ta hanyar haɗuwar [[Kogin Dadès]] da Kogin Imini . Yana gudana daga tsaunukan High Atlas, da farko kudu maso gabas zuwa Tagounite, kuma daga Tagounite galibi yamma zuwa bakinsa a Tekun Atlantika a arewacin Tan-Tan . A shekarar 1971, an gina madatsar ruwa ta (El) Mansour Eddabi don hidima ga babban birnin yankin Ouarzazate da kuma daidaita kwararar ruwan Draa. Yawancin lokaci a shekara, ɓangaren Draa bayan Tagounite yana bushewa. A rabin farko na karni na 20, mafi ƙasƙanci na Draa ya nuna iyaka tsakanin [[Kariyar Faransa a Maroko|ikon mallakar ƙasar Morocco ta Faransa]] da yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Sipaniya . Kwarin ya ƙunshi tsarin Fezouata, waɗanda su ne ma'adanai irin na Burgess shale waɗanda suka samo asali daga Lower Ordovician, suna cike wani muhimmin tagar kiyayewa tsakanin Cambrian lagerstätten na gama gari da kuma Martial Ordovician Soom shale . <ref name="DeRoy2010">{{Cite journal |last=Van Roy |first=P. |last2=Orr |first2=P. J. |last3=Botting |first3=J. P. |last4=Muir |first4=L. A. |last5=Vinther |first5=J. |last6=Lefebvre |first6=B. |last7=Hariri |first7=K. E. |last8=Briggs |first8=D. E. G. |author-link8=Derek Briggs |year=2010 |title=Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |volume=465 |issue=7295 |pages=215–8 |bibcode=2010Natur.465..215V |doi=10.1038/nature09038 |pmid=20463737 |s2cid=4313285 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225134012/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1252174/file/1252176 |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-02-24}}</ref> A cikin burbushin halittu akwai halittu da yawa da aka yi zaton sun mutu bayan tsakiyar Cambrian . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Victoria |date=13 May 2010 |title=BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124849/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8678459.stm |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=[[BBC Online]] |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihi na farko === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{See also|Saharan rock art}}Ayyukan ɗan adam a cikin kwarin Draa da tsaunuka da ke kusa da su sun kasance aƙalla zuwa Lower Paleolithic, kamar yadda kayan aikin Oldowan da Acheulean da aka samo kusa da Tamegroute suka tabbatar. Shafukan Paleolithic na Tsakiya sun yadu.<ref name="mattingly2017">{{Cite journal |last=Mattingly |first=David J. |last2=Bokbot |first2=Youssef |last3=Sterry |first3=Martin |last4=Cuénod |first4=Aurelie |last5=Fenwick |first5=Corisande |last6=Gatto |first6=Maria Carmela |last7=Ray |first7=Nick |last8=Rayne |first8=Louise |last9=Janin |first9=Katrien |last10=Lamb |first10=Andrew |last11=Mugnai |first11=Niccoló |last12=Nikolaus |first12=Julia |date=2017 |title=Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |url-status=live |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=149 |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340009 |issn=1612-1651 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521145535/https://brill.com/view/journals/jaa/15/2/article-p141_141.xml?ebody=article%20details&Tab%20Menu=article |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=7 February 2024 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya samun zane-zane na dutse na zamanin Neolithic a ko'ina cikin kwarin Draa, wanda ke nuna wuraren farauta da shanu na gida. Jerin lokutan waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ba shi da tabbas, amma farkon na iya kasancewa a cikin karni na 3 KZ.{{Sfn|Searight|2001}} === Kafin 1054 === [[Fayil:Ptolemy11.jpg|thumb|Taswirar Ptolemy na Afirka. Kogin Draa, Dara fl. yana cikin tsakiyar taswirar, kawai a kudancin tsaunuka, sama da kalmar Garamantes . fl. ita ce taƙaice don flumen, kogin Latin.]] Kogin Draa kuma sananne ne ga Romawa na dā. Ya bayyana a taswirar duniya ta farko a tarihi da Ptolemy (90-168 AD) ya yi. (Babu "taswirar duniya ta farko" da Ptolemy ya yi, kuma babu wasu taswirar rubuce-rubucen da Ptolemy ta yi. Taswirar "Ptolemaic" da aka buga, da farko da suka bayyana a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, sun dogara ne akan bayanan Ptolemy, misali wanda za a rubuta latitude da longitude na wurare daban-daban; irin waɗannan taswirar ba su dogara ne akan taswirar da Ptolemy.) === Wattasids === [[Fayil:The_river_draa.JPG|right|thumb|Kogin Draa]] A lokacin mulkin Wattasid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Askia Ishaq I na [[Daular Songhai]] ya aika da maharan [[Buzaye|Tuareg]] zuwa kwarin Draa don rama zargi na diflomasiyya inda Morocco ta bukaci a ba da ma'adinin gishiri mai daraja na Taghaza. ==manazarts== n3bbgtn8wusu852r42ly0otlirbaij5 0 152731 841473 2026-05-28T11:17:03Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350703716|Oued el Khatt]]" 841473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oued el Khatt''' kogi ne da rafi mai ratsawa wanda ke tashi a tsakiyar Sahara ta Yamma a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Moroko|Maroko]], kusa da kan iyaka da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] . Hanyar rafin ta fara ne daga kudu maso yamma, tana juyawa arewa bayan ta haɗu da rafin [[Oued Zbayra]] kusa da ƙaramin matsugunin [[Dhaym al-Khayl]] . Daga nan tana tafiya arewa na tsawon kilomita 200 kafin ta haɗu da rafin [[Saguia el-Hamra (kogi)|Saguia el-Hamra]] da ke kudu da [[Laayoune]] a bakin tekun Atlantika. tq7ne6md67au9jrib1krr51tn8bw4ma 841474 841473 2026-05-28T11:17:31Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oued el Khatt''' kogi ne da rafi mai ratsawa wanda ke tashi a tsakiyar Sahara ta Yamma a ƙarƙashin ikon [[Moroko|Maroko]], kusa da kan iyaka da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] . Hanyar rafin ta fara ne daga kudu maso yamma, tana juyawa arewa bayan ta haɗu da rafin [[Oued Zbayra]] kusa da ƙaramin matsugunin [[Dhaym al-Khayl]] . Daga nan tana tafiya arewa na tsawon kilomita 200 kafin ta haɗu da rafin [[Saguia el-Hamra (kogi)|Saguia el-Hamra]] da ke kudu da [[Laayoune]] a bakin tekun Atlantika. kf7570ezwqxihe5ykz1x4osznz1r8vt 0 152732 841475 2026-05-28T11:18:34Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262719882|Oued Ksob]]" 841475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oued Ksob''' [[kogi]] ne a yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a wani babban bakin teku da ke kudu da birnin Essaouira kuma a arewacin ƙauyen Diabat kaɗan. [[Delta|Bakin]] kogin, tare da Iles Purpuraires da ke kusa, an san shi da ganin nau'in shaho mai wahalar samu na Eleonora . A kudu da bakin Ksob akwai wani hasumiyar tsaro da ta lalace da aka sani da Bordj El Berod . == Bayanan da aka ambata == pu3ypn1syp63bwtuyfmrp1c3vngxeni 841476 841475 2026-05-28T11:19:02Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oued Ksob''' [[kogi]] ne a yammacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a wani babban bakin teku da ke kudu da birnin Essaouira kuma a arewacin ƙauyen Diabat kaɗan. [[Delta|Bakin]] kogin, tare da Iles Purpuraires da ke kusa, an san shi da ganin nau'in shaho mai wahalar samu na Eleonora . A kudu da bakin Ksob akwai wani hasumiyar tsaro da ta lalace da aka sani da Bordj El Berod . == manazarta == cmidajcumebecoziis45u81buvwpsn9 0 152733 841477 2026-05-28T11:20:09Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343685555|Oued Laou]]" 841477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oued Laou''' ( Arabic ) ƙaramin birni ne na bakin teku da ke arewacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] a bakin [[Bahar Rum|tekun Bahar Rum]] . Manyan biranen biyu da ke kusa sune Tetouan a arewa maso yamma da Chefchaouen a kudu maso yamma. A shekarar 2024, birnin yana da mazauna 11,838. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Résultats RGPH 2024 |url=https://resultats2024.rgphapps.ma/superset/dashboard/0fbd169b-19e1-4338-a344-e58bb9a02a4d/?permalink_key=pmo6qLqylzY&standalone=true |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=resultats2024.rgphapps.ma}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Birnin ya samo sunansa daga kogin Laou, wani karamin ruwa wanda ke kwarara a cikin Bahar Rum. Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 65 kuma asalinsa yana kusa da Bab Bered a yammacin Rif Mountains; yana wucewa kusa da Chefchaouen kafin ya karbi ruwa daga masu goyon bayansa kamar [[Akchour|Akshur]] . Matsakaicin kwararar kogin shine 12 m3/s kuma yana zubar da yanki na kimanin 1,000 km2.&nbsp; Pliny the Elder ya ambaci Oued Laou a matsayin ''Flutin Laud'' kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai tafiya: flumen Laod et ipsum navigiorum capax (kogin Laud, wanda kuma yana tafiya don jiragen ruwa). Kogin Laou ya zama kwarin mai kyau yayin da yake kusantar bakinsa; an san kwarin da gonakin 'ya'yan itace. 6nferp6yn3fmcu0ongm7toeaxv4xojw 841478 841477 2026-05-28T11:20:37Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Oued Laou''' ( Arabic ) ƙaramin birni ne na bakin teku da ke arewacin [[Moroko|Morocco]] a bakin [[Bahar Rum|tekun Bahar Rum]] . Manyan biranen biyu da ke kusa sune Tetouan a arewa maso yamma da Chefchaouen a kudu maso yamma. A shekarar 2024, birnin yana da mazauna 11,838. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Résultats RGPH 2024 |url=https://resultats2024.rgphapps.ma/superset/dashboard/0fbd169b-19e1-4338-a344-e58bb9a02a4d/?permalink_key=pmo6qLqylzY&standalone=true |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=resultats2024.rgphapps.ma}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Birnin ya samo sunansa daga kogin Laou, wani karamin ruwa wanda ke kwarara a cikin Bahar Rum. Kogin yana da tsawon kilomita 65 kuma asalinsa yana kusa da Bab Bered a yammacin Rif Mountains; yana wucewa kusa da Chefchaouen kafin ya karbi ruwa daga masu goyon bayansa kamar [[Akchour|Akshur]] . Matsakaicin kwararar kogin shine 12 m3/s kuma yana zubar da yanki na kimanin 1,000 km2.&nbsp; Pliny the Elder ya ambaci Oued Laou a matsayin ''Flutin Laud'' kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai tafiya: flumen Laod et ipsum navigiorum capax (kogin Laud, wanda kuma yana tafiya don jiragen ruwa). Kogin Laou ya zama kwarin mai kyau yayin da yake kusantar bakinsa; an san kwarin da gonakin 'ya'yan itace. ==manazarta== 9k8pzmugws77lw1gocushzzxrczjep0 0 152734 841479 2026-05-28T11:21:52Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1253858383|Bay of Tangier]]" 841479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Bay_of_Tangier.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Bay of Tangier daga ƙarshen yamma]] '''Bay of Tangier''' ( Arabic ) wani bakin teku ne da ke kewaye da [[Tanja|Tangier]] a [[Bahar Rum]] a arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Yana samar da ruwa tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa da Cap Malabata a siffar zagaye. [[Avenue d'Espagne]] yana gudana tare da bakin teku kuma an san shi da otal-otal da manyan cibiyoyin zamani. [[Fayil:Tangier_5184a.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Ra'ayi na Bay of Tangier a faɗuwar rana kamar yadda aka gani daga unguwar Malabata.]] {{Clear}} == Mqnqzarta == ec2pigoa3156gtxy6ihohperm4zi8ko 841480 841479 2026-05-28T11:22:27Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bay_of_Tangier.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Bay of Tangier daga ƙarshen yamma]] '''Bay of Tangier''' ( Arabic ) wani bakin teku ne da ke kewaye da [[Tanja|Tangier]] a [[Bahar Rum]] a arewacin [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Yana samar da ruwa tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa da Cap Malabata a siffar zagaye. [[Avenue d'Espagne]] yana gudana tare da bakin teku kuma an san shi da otal-otal da manyan cibiyoyin zamani. [[Fayil:Tangier_5184a.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Ra'ayi na Bay of Tangier a faɗuwar rana kamar yadda aka gani daga unguwar Malabata.]] {{Clear}} == Mqnqzarta == 5wrqtjurt2g0k31atp92t3ad0makbyk 0 152735 841481 2026-05-28T11:24:01Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354637048|Alboran Sea]]" 841481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tekun Alboran''' shine yankin yamma na [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], yana tsakanin yankin Iberian da arewacin [[Afirka]] (Spain a arewa da [[Moroko|Morocco]] da [[Aljeriya]] a kudu). Mashigin Gibraltar, wanda ke ƙarshen yamma na Tekun Alboran, yana haɗa Bahar Rum da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . [[Fayil:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam wanda ke tsakiyar Tekun Alboran. A hagu, yankin Iberian, kuma a dama, arewacin Afirka.]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Matsakaicin zurfinsa shine mita 445 (1,460 kuma matsakaicin zurfi shine mita 1,500 (4,900 . Ƙungiyar Hydrographic ta Duniya ta bayyana iyakokin Tekun Alboran kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |year=1953 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition |url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2011 |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == Yankin Alboran, yanayin teku a ƙarƙashin Tekun Alboran (wanda aka sani da yankuna na ciki) tare da tsaunuka da ke kewaye da su (wanda aka fi sani da yankunan waje; Gibraltar Arc da Atlas Mountains), galibi an yi shi ne da ɓawon nahiyar kuma yana nuna ƙarshen yammacin ƙasashe da aka rushe tsakanin Afirka da Eurasian Plates lokacin da Tethys Ocean ya rufe. Girgizar ƙasa mai maimaitawa a zurfin kusan kilomita {{Convert|600|km}} (370 ya nuna cewa wannan subduction yana ci gaba kuma cewa hadaddun hulɗa tsakanin lithosphere da mantle suna samar da yankin.{{Sfn|Alpert|Miller|Becker|Allam|2013}} Yankunan ciki an yi su ne daga Late Paleozoic zuwa Triassic duwatsu waɗanda aka tara a lokacin Tertiary kuma an faɗaɗa su tun farkon Miocene.{{Sfn|Iribarren|Vergés|Camurri|Fullea|2007}} Yankin teku yana da rikitarwa tare da ƙananan tafkuna da yawa, gami da manyan tafkuna guda uku da ake kira West, East, da South Alboran Basins, ridges, da seamounts. Tsarin da ya fi shahara a cikin Tekun Alboran shine {{Cvt|180|km|4=long}} km tsawo (110 Alboran Ridge wanda ya shimfiɗa kudu maso yamma daga tsibirin Alborán mai fitattun wuta . {{Sfn|Comas|Platt|Soto|Watts|1999}} == Nazarin teku == Ruwan sama a cikin Tekun Alboran, wanda iska ta rinjayi, yana gudana zuwa gabas, yana kawo ruwa daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Bahar Rum; Ruwan ruwa mai zurfi yana gudana daga yamma, yana ɗauke da ruwan gishiri na Bahar Rum a kan sill na Gibraltar zuwa Tekun Atlantiki. Don haka yawanci akwai zagayawar juyawa ta tsaye, wanda aka fi sani da gyre, a cikin Tekun Alboran sakamakon wannan musayar ruwa. == Muhalli == [[Fayil:Alboran_Sea_map.png|thumb|Taswirar Tekun Alboran]] Tekun Alboran yanki ne na canji tsakanin teku da teku, wanda ke dauke da cakuda nau'in Bahar Rum da Atlantic. Tekun Alboran shine wurin zama ga mafi yawan dolphins na bottlenose da yawan karshe na porpoises na tashar jiragen ruwa a yammacin Bahar Rum, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin wurin ciyarwa ga tururuwan teku a Turai. Tekun Alboran kuma yana da mahimman kamun Kifi na kasuwanci, gami da sardines da swordfish. A shekara ta 2003, Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya ya nuna damuwa game da yaduwar kifi da ke haifar da yawan dolphins, turtles, da sauran dabbobi na ruwa. A cikin 2023, Tarayyar Turai, Morocco, da Aljeriya sun amince da haramta ayyukan kamun kifi a kusa da Bankin Cabliers, don kare kawai ruwan sanyi da aka sani yana girma a cikin Bahar Rum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mediterranean countries unite to protect unique deep-sea coral from fishing impacts |url=https://europe.oceana.org/press-releases/mediterranean-countries-unite-to-protect-unique-deep-sea-coral-from-fishing-impacts/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Oceana Europe |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani bangare na tsaunuka, wanda aka sani da Gibraltar Arc, yana kewaye da sakewa, yamma da kudancin Tekun Alboran. Gibraltar Arc ya ƙunshi Baetic Cordillera na Kudancin Spain da Rif Mountains na Maroko. Wadannan duwatsu, waɗanda aka sani ga masu ilimin muhalli a matsayin Baetic-Rifan complex, sun ƙunshi ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin Bahar Rum; kamar Tekun Alboran, Baetic-Rifan complex yana wakiltar canji tsakanin Bahar Rum da Atlantic (Macaronesian) yankunan muhalli. Tasirin matsakaici na Atlantic ya ba da damar yawancin nau'o'in da ke cikin tsaunukan Baetic da Rif su tsira daga sauye-sauyen yanayi na 'yan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata waɗanda suka sa su zama marasa amfani a wasu wurare a kusa da tafkin Bahar Rum. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> 4jeludseh6fnl3z75g0dhkumdngwtdr 841482 841481 2026-05-28T11:24:38Z Ibrahim abusufyan 19233 841482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tekun Alboran''' shine yankin yamma na [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], yana tsakanin yankin Iberian da arewacin [[Afirka]] (Spain a arewa da [[Moroko|Morocco]] da [[Aljeriya]] a kudu). Mashigin Gibraltar, wanda ke ƙarshen yamma na Tekun Alboran, yana haɗa Bahar Rum da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . [[Fayil:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam wanda ke tsakiyar Tekun Alboran. A hagu, yankin Iberian, kuma a dama, arewacin Afirka.]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Matsakaicin zurfinsa shine mita 445 (1,460 kuma matsakaicin zurfi shine mita 1,500 (4,900 . Ƙungiyar Hydrographic ta Duniya ta bayyana iyakokin Tekun Alboran kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |year=1953 |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition |url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf |archive-date=8 October 2011 |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == Yankin Alboran, yanayin teku a ƙarƙashin Tekun Alboran (wanda aka sani da yankuna na ciki) tare da tsaunuka da ke kewaye da su (wanda aka fi sani da yankunan waje; Gibraltar Arc da Atlas Mountains), galibi an yi shi ne da ɓawon nahiyar kuma yana nuna ƙarshen yammacin ƙasashe da aka rushe tsakanin Afirka da Eurasian Plates lokacin da Tethys Ocean ya rufe. Girgizar ƙasa mai maimaitawa a zurfin kusan kilomita {{Convert|600|km}} (370 ya nuna cewa wannan subduction yana ci gaba kuma cewa hadaddun hulɗa tsakanin lithosphere da mantle suna samar da yankin.{{Sfn|Alpert|Miller|Becker|Allam|2013}} Yankunan ciki an yi su ne daga Late Paleozoic zuwa Triassic duwatsu waɗanda aka tara a lokacin Tertiary kuma an faɗaɗa su tun farkon Miocene.{{Sfn|Iribarren|Vergés|Camurri|Fullea|2007}} Yankin teku yana da rikitarwa tare da ƙananan tafkuna da yawa, gami da manyan tafkuna guda uku da ake kira West, East, da South Alboran Basins, ridges, da seamounts. Tsarin da ya fi shahara a cikin Tekun Alboran shine {{Cvt|180|km|4=long}} km tsawo (110 Alboran Ridge wanda ya shimfiɗa kudu maso yamma daga tsibirin Alborán mai fitattun wuta . {{Sfn|Comas|Platt|Soto|Watts|1999}} == Nazarin teku == Ruwan sama a cikin Tekun Alboran, wanda iska ta rinjayi, yana gudana zuwa gabas, yana kawo ruwa daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa Bahar Rum; Ruwan ruwa mai zurfi yana gudana daga yamma, yana ɗauke da ruwan gishiri na Bahar Rum a kan sill na Gibraltar zuwa Tekun Atlantiki. Don haka yawanci akwai zagayawar juyawa ta tsaye, wanda aka fi sani da gyre, a cikin Tekun Alboran sakamakon wannan musayar ruwa. == Muhalli == [[Fayil:Alboran_Sea_map.png|thumb|Taswirar Tekun Alboran]] Tekun Alboran yanki ne na canji tsakanin teku da teku, wanda ke dauke da cakuda nau'in Bahar Rum da Atlantic. Tekun Alboran shine wurin zama ga mafi yawan dolphins na bottlenose da yawan karshe na porpoises na tashar jiragen ruwa a yammacin Bahar Rum, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin wurin ciyarwa ga tururuwan teku a Turai. Tekun Alboran kuma yana da mahimman kamun Kifi na kasuwanci, gami da sardines da swordfish. A shekara ta 2003, Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya ya nuna damuwa game da yaduwar kifi da ke haifar da yawan dolphins, turtles, da sauran dabbobi na ruwa. A cikin 2023, Tarayyar Turai, Morocco, da Aljeriya sun amince da haramta ayyukan kamun kifi a kusa da Bankin Cabliers, don kare kawai ruwan sanyi da aka sani yana girma a cikin Bahar Rum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mediterranean countries unite to protect unique deep-sea coral from fishing impacts |url=https://europe.oceana.org/press-releases/mediterranean-countries-unite-to-protect-unique-deep-sea-coral-from-fishing-impacts/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Oceana Europe |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani bangare na tsaunuka, wanda aka sani da Gibraltar Arc, yana kewaye da sakewa, yamma da kudancin Tekun Alboran. Gibraltar Arc ya ƙunshi Baetic Cordillera na Kudancin Spain da Rif Mountains na Maroko. Wadannan duwatsu, waɗanda aka sani ga masu ilimin muhalli a matsayin Baetic-Rifan complex, sun ƙunshi ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin Bahar Rum; kamar Tekun Alboran, Baetic-Rifan complex yana wakiltar canji tsakanin Bahar Rum da Atlantic (Macaronesian) yankunan muhalli. Tasirin matsakaici na Atlantic ya ba da damar yawancin nau'o'in da ke cikin tsaunukan Baetic da Rif su tsira daga sauye-sauyen yanayi na 'yan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata waɗanda suka sa su zama marasa amfani a wasu wurare a kusa da tafkin Bahar Rum. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==manazarta== 1kvf0aljyvhg79x4zn2wxa2dhjfdsd8