User:PK2/sandbox

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  <page>
    <title>User:PK2/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>2543</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844998</id>
      <parentid>747478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T23:57:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PK2</username>
        <id>1110</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>add sandbox pages for new Wikipedia editions</comment>
      <origin>844998</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="39192" sha1="epcrx7grq0pvek6a4hq5yqkr1yp1i1s" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Pages I have in my sandbox
|-
| [[User:PK2/Template:Infobox ƙasa|/Template:Infobox ƙasa]]
|-
| [[User:PK2/Jerin ƙasashen Allah|/Jerin ƙasashen Allah]]
|-
| [[User:PK2/Template:Infobox ɗaya|/Template:Infobox ɗaya]]
|-
| [[User:PK2/Template:Infobox harshe|/Template:Infobox harshe]]
|-
| [[User:PK2/Jerin kasashen|/Jerin kasashen]]
|-
| [[User:PK2/Template:Infobox country|/Template:Infobox country]]
|}

;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%&quot;&gt;My sandbox pages in different languages by language code&lt;/div&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ A
|-
| [[:ab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ab&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ace:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Acehnese language|Acehnese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ace&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ady:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Adyghe language|Adyghe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ady&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:af:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;af&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:als:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Alemannic German|Alemannic German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;als&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:alt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;alt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:am:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;am&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ami:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amis language|Amis]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ami&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:an:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aragonese language|Aragonese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;an&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ang:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old English|Old English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ang&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:ann:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Obolo language|Obolo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ann&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:anp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Angika|Angika]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;anp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ar:User:PK2/ملعب|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ar&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:arc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aramaic|Aramaic]] ([[:en:Syriac language|Syriac]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;arc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ary:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moroccan Arabic|Moroccan Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ary&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:arz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;arz&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:as:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Assamese language|Assamese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;as&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ast:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] ([[:en:Asturian language|Asturian]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ast&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:atj:User:PK2/Kokwetcitasinahikan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;atj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:av:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Avar language|Avar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;av&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:avk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kotava|Kotava]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;avk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:awa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Awadhi language|Awadhi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;awa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aymara language|Aymara]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ay&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:az:User:PK2/Qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;az&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:azb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;azb&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ B
|-
| [[:ba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bashkir language|Bashkir]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ba&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ban:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Balinese language|Balinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ban&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bar:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bavarian language|Bavarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bar&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bat-smg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samogitian language|Samogitian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bat-smg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bbc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toba Batak language|Toba Batak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bbc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bcl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Bikol|Central Bikol]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bcl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bdr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sama–Bajaw languages|West Coast Bajau]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bdr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:be:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;be&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:be-tarask:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]] ([[:en:Taraškievica|Taraškievica]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;be-tarask&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bew:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Betawi language|Betawi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bew&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:bg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bihari languages|Bihari]] ([[:en:Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bislama|Bislama]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bjn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Banjarese language|Banjarese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bjn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:blk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pa'O language|Pa'O]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;blk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bambara language|Bambara]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bn:User:PK2/খেলাঘর|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Tibetan|Central Tibetan]] ([[:en:Lhasa Tibetan|Lhasa Tibetan]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bpy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bishnupriya Manipuri|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bpy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:br:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Breton language|Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;br&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:bs:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bosnian language|Bosnian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bs&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:btm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mandailing Batak language|Mandailing Batak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;btm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buginese language|Buginese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bug&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bxr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buryat language|Buryat]] (Russia Buriat)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bxr&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ C
|-
| [[:ca:User:PK2/proves|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Catalan language|Catalan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ca&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cbk-zam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chavacano|Chavacano]] (Zamboanga)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cbk-zam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cdo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cdo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ce:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chechen language|Chechen]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ce&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ceb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cebuano language|Cebuano]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ceb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ch:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chamorro language|Chamorro]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ch&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:chr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cherokee language|Cherokee]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;chr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:chy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;chy&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:ckb:User:PK2/خۆڵەپەتانێ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Sorani|Sorani]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ckb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:co:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Corsican language|Corsican]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;co&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:crh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;crh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cs:User:PK2/Pískoviště|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Czech language|Czech]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cs&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:csb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashubian language|Kashubian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;csb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old Church Slavonic|Old Church Slavonic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chuvash language|Chuvash]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cy:User:PK2/Pwll Tywod|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Welsh language|Welsh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ D
|-
| [[:da:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Danish language|Danish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;da&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagbani language|Dagbani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:de:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:German language|German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;de&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dga:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagaare language|Dagaare]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dga&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:din:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dinka language|Dinka]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;din&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:diq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zaza language|Zaza]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;diq&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dsb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dtp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dusun language|Dusun]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dtp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dty:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Doteli|Doteli]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dty&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maldivian language|Maldivian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dz&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ E
|-
| [[:ee:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ewe language|Ewe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ee&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:el:User:PK2/πρόχειρο|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Greek language|Greek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;el&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Emilian–Romagnol|Emilian–Romagnol]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eml&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:en:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:English language|English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;en&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eo:User:PK2/provejo|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Esperanto|Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:es:User:PK2/Taller|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Spanish language|Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;es&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:et:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Estonian language|Estonian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;et&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eu:User:PK2/Proba orria|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basque language|Basque]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ext:User:PK2/obraol|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ext&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ F
|-
| [[:fa:User:PK2/صفحه تمرین|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Persian language|Persian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] ([[:en:Fante dialect|Fante]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fat&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ff:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fula language|Fula]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ff&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Finnish language|Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fiu-vro:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Võro language|Võro]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fiu-vro&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fijian language|Fijian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Faroese language|Faroese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fon:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fon language|Fon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fon&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fr:User:PK2/Brouillon|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French language|French]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:frp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Franco-Provençal|Franco-Provençal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;frp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:frr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:North Frisian language|North Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;frr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Friulian language|Friulian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Frisian language|West Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ G
|-
| [[:ga:User:PK2/Clár Dubh|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Irish language|Irish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ga&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gagauz language|Gagauz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gan Chinese|Gan Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gan&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gcr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French Guianese Creole|French Guianese Creole]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gcr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scottish Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Galician language|Galician]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:glk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gilaki language|Gilaki]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;glk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Guarani language|Guarani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gom:User:PK2/proiogpan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Konkani language|Konkani]] (Goan Konkani)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gom&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:gor:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gorontalo language|Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gor&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:got:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gothic language|Gothic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;got&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gpe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian Pidgin English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gpe&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gujarati language|Gujarati]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:guc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wayuu language|Wayuu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;guc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Farefare language|Farefare]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:guw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gun language|Gun]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;guw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Manx language|Manx]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ H
|-
| [[:ha:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hausa language|Hausa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ha&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hak:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hakka Chinese|Hakka Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hak&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:haw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;haw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:he:User:PK2/טיוטה|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;he&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hi:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hif:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fiji Hindi|Fiji Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hif&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Croatian language|Croatian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hsb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ht:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ht&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hu:User:PK2/próbalap|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hy:User:PK2/Ավազարկղ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Armenian language|Armenian]] ([[:en:Eastern Armenian|Eastern Armenian]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hyw:User:PK2/Սեւագրութիւն|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Western Armenian|Western Armenian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hyw&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ I
|-
| [[:ia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingua|Interlingua]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ia&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:iba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iban language|Iban]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;iba&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:id:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;id&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ie:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingue|Interlingue]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ie&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igbo language|Igbo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ig&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:igl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igala language|Igala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;igl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ik:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ik&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ilo:User:PK2/pagipadasan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ilocano language|Ilocano]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ilo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:inh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ingush language|Ingush]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;inh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:io:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ido|Ido]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;io&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:is:User:PK2/sandkassi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;is&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:it:User:PK2/Sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Italian language|Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:iu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inuktitut|Inuktitut]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;iu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ J
|-
| [[:ja:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Japanese language|Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ja&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jbo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lojban|Lojban]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jbo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jv:User:PK2/bak wedhi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ K
|-
| [[:ka:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Georgian language|Georgian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ka&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kaa:User:PK2/qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kaa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabyle language|Kabyle]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kab&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kai:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karai-karai|Karai-karai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kai&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kaj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jju language|Jju]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kaj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kbd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kbd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kbp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabiye language|Kabiye]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kbp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kcg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tyap|Tyap]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kcg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kongo language|Kongo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kge:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komering language|Komering]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kge&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ki&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kk:User:PK2/зертхана|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kazakh language|Kazakh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:km:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Khmer language|Khmer]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;km&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:kn:User:PK2/ಪ್ರಯೋಗಪುಟ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kannada|Kannada]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:knc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Kanuri|Central Kanuri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;knc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ko:User:PK2/연습장|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Korean language|Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ko&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:koi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;koi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:krc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karachay-Balkar|Karachay-Balkar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;krc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ks:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ks&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ksh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ksh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ku:User:PK2/ceribandin|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Kurmanji|Kurmanji]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ku&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kus:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kusaal language|Kusaal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kus&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi language|Komi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cornish language|Cornish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ky:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ky&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ L
|-
| [[:la:User:PK2/Harenarium|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latin|Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;la&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lad:User:PK2/Kutí de prova|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lad&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lbe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lak language|Lak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lbe&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lez:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lezgian language|Lezgian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lez&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lfn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingua Franca Nova|Lingua Franca Nova]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lfn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luganda|Luganda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:li:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Limburgish|Limburgish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;li&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:lij:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ligurian language|Ligurian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lij&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lld:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ladin language|Ladin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lld&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lmo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lombard language|Lombard]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lmo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ln:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingala|Lingala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ln&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lao language|Lao]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lt:User:PK2/juodraštis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ltg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latgalian language|Latgalian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ltg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lv:User:PK2/Smilšu kaste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latvian language|Latvian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ M
|-
| [[:mad:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Madurese language|Madurese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mad&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mai:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maithili language|Maithili]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mai&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:map-bms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[:en:Banyumasan dialect|Banyumasan]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;map-bms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mdf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moksha language|Moksha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mdf&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mhr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mhr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Māori language|Māori]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:min:User:PK2/bak kasiak|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;min&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Macedonian language|Macedonian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malayalam|Malayalam]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ml&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mn&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:mni:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meitei language|Meitei]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mni&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mnw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mon language|Mon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mnw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:m:mos:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mooré|Mooré]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Marathi language|Marathi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mrj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mrj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ms:User:PK2/Kotak pasir|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malay language|Malay]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maltese language|Maltese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mwl:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mirandese language|Mirandese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mwl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:my:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Burmese language|Burmese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;my&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:myv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Erzya language|Erzya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;myv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mzn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mzn&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ N
|-
| [[:nah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nahuatl|Nahuatl]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nah&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nap&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nds:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Low German|Low German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nds&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nds-nl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch Low Saxon|Dutch Low Saxon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nds-nl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ne:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nepali language|Nepali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ne&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:new:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Newar language|Newar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;new&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nias language|Nias]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nia&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nl:User:PK2/Kladblok|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch language|Dutch]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nn:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Nynorsk|Nynorsk]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nn&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:no:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Bokmål|Bokmål]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;no&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nov:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Novial|Novial]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nov&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nqo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:N'Ko language|N'Ko]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nqo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nrm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norman language|Norman]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nrm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nso:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sotho|Northern Sotho]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nso&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nupe language|Nupe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nup&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Navajo language|Navajo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ny:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chewa language|Chewa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ny&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ O
|-
| [[:oc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Occitan language|Occitan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;oc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:olo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Livvi-Karelian language|Livvi-Karelian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;olo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:om:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oromo language|Oromo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;om&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:or:User:PK2/ପରଖଘର|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Odia language|Odia]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;or&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:os:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ossetian language|Ossetian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;os&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ P
|-
| [[:pa:User:PK2/ਕੱਚਾ ਖ਼ਾਕਾ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Papiamento|Papiamento]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pap&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pcd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Picard language|Picard]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pcd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pcm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pcm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pdc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pdc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pfl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pfl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pali|Pali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pi&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:pl:User:PK2/brudnopis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Polish language|Polish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pnb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (Western Punjabi)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pnb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pnt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pontic Greek|Pontic Greek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pnt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ppl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nawat language|Nawat]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ppl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ps:User:PK2/ازمون‌مخ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pashto|Pashto]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ps&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pt:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pwn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Paiwan language|Paiwan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pwn&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Q
|-
| [[:qu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Quechuan languages|Quechua]] ([[:en:Southern Quechua|Southern Quechua]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;qu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ R
|-
| [[:rki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rakhine language|Rakhine]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rki&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romansh language|Romansh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rmy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romani language|Romani]] ([[:en:Vlax Romani language|Vlax Romani]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rmy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kirundi|Kirundi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ro:User:PK2/teste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ro&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:roa-rup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aromanian language|Aromanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;roa-rup&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:roa-tara:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] ([[:en:Tarantino dialect|Tarantino]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;roa-tara&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rsk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pannonian Rusyn|Pannonian Rusyn]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rsk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ru:User:PK2/Черновик|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Russian language|Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ru&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rusyn language|Rusyn]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rue&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rw&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ S
|-
| [[:sa:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठम्|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yakut language|Yakut]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sah&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Santali language|Santali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sat&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sardinian language|Sardinian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:scn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sicilian language|Sicilian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;scn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sco:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scots language|Scots]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sco&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sd:User:PK2/مشق پٽي|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sindhi language|Sindhi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:se:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sámi|Northern Sámi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;se&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sango language|Sango]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sh:User:PK2/igralište|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbo-Croatian|Serbo-Croatian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:shi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shilha language|Shilha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;shi&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:shn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shan language|Shan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;shn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:si:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sinhala language|Sinhala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;si&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:simple:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basic English|Basic English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;simple&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sk:User:PK2/pieskovisko|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovak language|Slovak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:skr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saraiki language|Saraiki]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;skr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovene language|Slovene]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samoan language|Samoan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:smn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inari Sámi language|Inari Sámi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;smn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shona language|Shona]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:so:User:PK2/Bacaadka|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Somali language|Somali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;so&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Albanian language|Albanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sq&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:sr:User:PK2/песак|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbian language|Serbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:srn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sranan Tongo|Sranan Tongo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;srn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ss:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swazi language|Swazi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ss&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:st:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sotho language|Sotho]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;st&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:stq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;stq&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:su:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sundanese language|Sundanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;su&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sv:User:PK2/sandlåda|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swedish language|Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sw:User:PK2/ukurasa wa majaribio|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swahili language|Swahili]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:syl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sylheti language|Sylheti]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;syl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:szl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Silesian language|Silesian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;szl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:szy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;szy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ T
|-
| [[:ta:User:PK2/மணல்தொட்டி|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ta&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atayal language|Atayal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tay&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tcy:User:PK2/ಕಲ್ಪುನ ಕಳ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tulu language|Tulu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tcy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tdd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tai Nuea language|Tai Nuea]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tdd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:te:User:PK2/ప్రయోగశాల|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Telugu language|Telugu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;te&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tet:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tetum language|Tetum]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tet&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tg:User:PK2/Сиёҳнавис|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tajik language|Tajik]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:th:User:PK2/ทดลองเขียน|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Thai language|Thai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;th&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ti:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ti&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigre language|Tigre]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tig&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkmen language|Turkmen]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tl:User:PK2/burador|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tagalog language|Tagalog]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tly:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Talysh language|Talysh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tly&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:tn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tswana language|Tswana]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:to:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tongan language|Tongan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;to&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tok:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toki Pona|Toki Pona]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tok&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tpi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tpi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tr:User:PK2/deneme tahtası|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkish language|Turkish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:trv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Seediq language|Seediq]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;trv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ts:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ts&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tatar language|Tatar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tum:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tum&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] (Twi)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ty:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tahitian language|Tahitian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ty&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tyv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tuvan language|Tuvan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tyv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ U
|-
| [[:udm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Udmurt language|Udmurt]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;udm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uyghur language|Uyghur]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ug&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:uk:User:PK2/Чернетка|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;uk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ur:User:PK2/تختۂ مشق|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Urdu|Urdu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:uz:User:PK2/qumloq|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uzbek language|Uzbek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;uz&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ V
|-
| [[:ve:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venda language|Venda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ve&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vec:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venetian language|Venetian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vec&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vep:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Veps language|Veps]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vep&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vi:User:PK2/nháp|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vls:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Flemish|West Flemish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vls&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vo&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ W
|-
| [[:wa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Walloon language|Walloon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:war:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Waray language|Waray]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;war&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:wo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wolof language|Wolof]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:wuu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wu Chinese|Wu Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wuu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ X
|-
| [[:xal:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oirat language|Oirat]] ([[:en:Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk Oirat]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xal&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:xh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Xhosa language|Xhosa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:xmf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xmf&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Y
|-
| [[:yi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yiddish|Yiddish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;yi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:yo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yoruba language|Yoruba]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;yo&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Z
|-
| [[:za:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zhuang languages|Zhuang]] ([[:en:Standard Zhuang|Standard Zhuang]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;za&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zea:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zeelandic|Zeelandic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zea&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zgh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zgh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh:User:PK2/沙盒|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[:en:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-classical:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Classical Chinese|Classical Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-classical&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-min-nan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Min|Southern Min]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-min-nan&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-yue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cantonese|Cantonese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-yue&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zulu language|Zulu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}</text>
      <sha1>epcrx7grq0pvek6a4hq5yqkr1yp1i1s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ammarpad</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>6214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845054</id>
      <parentid>843723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:13:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-32735-01</username>
        <id>45440</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Taya zanbude account dazan temaka */ sabon sashe</comment>
      <origin>845054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41487" sha1="qsz5chjxahs7pmu6g6pm1nffipje3x5" xml:space="preserve">== Barka da zuwa ==

Hi,

Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia.

Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived.

Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!),

--[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC)
:Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]].
:Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC)
::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Help ==

I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences==

Dear Ammarpad,

I hope this finds you well.

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)

We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
*@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Facebook page ==

Dear Ammar,

Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia]

Thanks a lot,
Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Neman Admin ==

Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]]
:[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]].
:::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== [[AuwalAzare]] ==

This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Auwal Azare ==

Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== help ==

Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles.
It's hard to me. 
[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; .......&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (&lt;ref&gt;misali&lt;/ref&gt;). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Databox ==

Hi Ammar,

Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this!

By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles).

I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the &quot;labels&quot; system.

Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and  do the appropriate thing. By the way, I  am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki  ==

I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of &quot;Abubakar A Gwanki&quot;  why is being deleted?  Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Translation request ==
Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
:Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)

== Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif ==

Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. 
:Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

== Godiya  ==

Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode
:{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune

Lamba: 08160956607
Gari: kano Nigeria

== [[Kira]] ==

Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)
:Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)

== David oyedepo ==

Wanene crista

== WAM 2018 ==

Salam Ammarpad,  Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode.  [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikimedians User Group ==

Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)

Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks
[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)
::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)

== Moustapha ==

Hakananna sai nayi nazari

== I-mel  ==

Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. 
Na gode.  [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)

narda

== Gyara ==

Barka da rana!
Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa &quot;Babban shafi&quot; da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)

== gidanhaki ==

Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki

Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa

Assalam

== Kwankwaso,s wife ==

Kwankwaso,s wife

== Various requests ==
Hello, Could you please:
*Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes.
*Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]].
*Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): 
**[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]].

Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC)

== Alijos A Shehu ==

Sunan DUNiYA

== Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa ==

Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia
:{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina &lt;code&gt;ammar@wikimedia.org.ng&lt;/code&gt;. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC)

== Muhamadu ==

Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL

== yusuf ==

Ibrahim

== sa idu musa ==

riji yan gwamgwam jido  dawakin  kudu  kano

== sa idu  musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu  IP ==

Yayi daidai kobaiyiba  awayar mindakai

== 88465702 ==

Kaka ari

== layisantara ==

lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura  sunwajan gari shadam bu

== Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai  ==

Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna

== babani ==

112202

== Translation ==

I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks.

== ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state ==

barkanku DA 
fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization

 wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire

== Neman taimako ==

Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode.

Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)

Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC)

== Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi  ==

Facebook 
Wkslm lafiya kalau

== 0852 ==

Aa

== Aliyu iliyasu dangada ==

Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi 
misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin 
muna jinjina maka matuka very good,
[[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)

== ismail ==

Labaran duniya

== Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun ==

Barkan muda warhaka!
:Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC)

== na kirkira mukala ==

Ya zan sanya reference
::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC)

== From ==

Ghy

== J k musa yaro ==

Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira

Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka

Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa

== mansir isah ==

unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state

Crawle

== aminuidris0808811 ==

aminuiris

== Auwal dalladi kargi ==

An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000

== Databox ==

Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta &lt;nowiki&gt;{{databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

==Neman shawara==
Masha Allah

Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad.

Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka.

A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame.
Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka.
:Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia.
:Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

&lt;u&gt;ja layi&lt;/u&gt; COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC)

== Jami u lawal ==

Allah yajikan zulaihatu

== Databox ==

Barka da safe, Ammar,

Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add &quot;databox&quot; to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)
:Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&amp;modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf ==

Kaura ne katsina

SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG  RUGGAR MONDE AR

== Abia ==

Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune

== ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA ==

ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA

== FUNAKAA ==

FUNAKAA

agaskiya inada tambaya

to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki

== Gaisuwa ==

Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC)

:Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Usman abubakar  ==

Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita

== ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar ==

Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== maganin daji ==

maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Ali musa  ==

An haife shi

Chida ga watan Oktoba

1986 cikin@

gari gidan kube @

dake jahar maradi 

[[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Rigar kusa ==

&quot;Rigar kusa&quot; kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state.
Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne.
Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu.
Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury.

== Ghana Boy 055 ==


Chapiou


@ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC)

== ALIYO ==

BORNO

== Namespaces ==

Hi!

You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;diff=213527&amp;oldid=181184 emptied] the page &quot;Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma&quot; some time ago.

There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;oldid=181178#Namespaces

You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good?

Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

:I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

== Shehu gibirima  ==

Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC)

== Salisu garba ==

Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot

== Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru ==

Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)

== ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA ==

KADUNA

== Bbca ==

A

== HAUSA RIGAR SILKE ==

DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== shaaibu ==

JIGAWA

== SHEHU USMANU ==

GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA

== AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia ==

Hello brother,

I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country.

I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. 
:I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email.  [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== 7 ==

uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|&amp;#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

Taba nono na mace

== Lawan abdulhamid ==

Lawan abdulhamid kano

MIYzansa

== Nakasa yin rijista  ==

Nakasa yin rajista miyasane

== SLM ==

SLM

== Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa ==

 08142754552

Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA  taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|&amp;#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji ==


suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|&amp;#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Dodik ==

imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|&amp;#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fulani daneji ==

danejawa

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Tarihin fulani daneji ==

danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== NURA FADA MUHAMMED ==

assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku

== inason zuwa gambiya  ==

neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|&amp;#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi ==

yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|&amp;#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Usmanisah01234@gmail.com  ==

Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|&amp;#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== AISHA ABDULLAHI ==

assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa

== Abdul Aziz  ==

Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|&amp;#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== YAHAYA MUSA  ==

6/3/2026

Ni atemakeni bandasanaa

== Isah Abubakar ==

￼kaduna steste nigeria

￼inaneman temaku kudi 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|&amp;#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah ==

Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|&amp;#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== INASONASHIGA ==

WALLAHI

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|&amp;#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Auwalu mansur gaya  ==

A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata

== Block review ==

Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block.

The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block.
:I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Jimi boi gk ==

Washer boi

== (Ibrahim bako) ==

Bissimillahi rahamani rahim

== Zanshuga ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|&amp;#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|&amp;#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== I need to edit  ==

yusuf bin shaik  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|&amp;#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Dari daya ==

Litafi dari daya

== Gali ==

Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu

== ALI ISA JC NAWA ==

CHAM

== Sai anjima ==


sai anjima 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|&amp;#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== xxwxx ==

pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|&amp;#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Masaudu  ==

Ina son koyon NAHAWU 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|&amp;#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ina bukatar taimakonku ==

Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|&amp;#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Menene amfanin na'a na'a. ==

Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|&amp;#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Learning physics topics  ==

Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|&amp;#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== ١٢٣٤٥ ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|&amp;#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Chrome ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|&amp;#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Inason shiga kasara ==

yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|&amp;#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fty ==

Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|&amp;#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Jibril auwal hamza ==

Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan

== Usseni.  Ibbirashim ==

08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|&amp;#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Correction  ==

The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. 


Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area.


Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you.  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|&amp;#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ahmad Rufai  ==

Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|&amp;#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sutura ==

Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Misali kasa ko bishyu haka ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alhamdu lillah  ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|&amp;#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Itaciyyar zamani  ==

shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|&amp;#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471754 --&gt;

== Ahamad Abba ==

Ahamad Abba [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-29423-27|&amp;#126;2026-29423-27]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-29423-27|talk]]) 10:10, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi  ==

abdullashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-29619-62|&amp;#126;2026-29619-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-29619-62|talk]]) 23:58, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Dan Allah Ina so na koya likitsnci ==

Abdulrrhaman  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-29631-59|&amp;#126;2026-29631-59]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-29631-59|talk]]) 06:30, 17 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Brk ==

a [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-30415-61|&amp;#126;2026-30415-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-30415-61|talk]]) 23:44, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== 9044000454 ==

abdusammd Ali OPAY [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-32331-29|&amp;#126;2026-32331-29]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-32331-29|talk]]) 02:02, 31 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Taya zanbude account dazan temaka ==

ina neman Karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-32735-01|&amp;#126;2026-32735-01]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-32735-01|talk]]) 07:13, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fulani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>844999</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T02:40:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Nasiru</username>
        <id>27898</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Tarihi */</comment>
      <origin>844999</origin>
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      <text bytes="9439" sha1="bzdk246xg8o2sedvht0b2c4ket6sxk7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{hujja}}
[[File:Fulani woman West Africa.jpg|thumb|tsohuwar (Nayejo) fulani ɗauke da ƙwaryar nono]]
[[File:Washing 01.jpg|thumb|wata matar Fulani tare da Yaran ta sun kewaye ta, tana wanke-wanke]]
[[Fayil:Fulani display.jpg|thumb|Fulani]]
[[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|Rugar fulani]]
[[Fayil:A Fulani girl in 1911.png|thumb|kalan shigar fulani]]
[[Fayil:Fulani dancers.jpg|thumb|Rawan fulani]]
[[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een kudde runderen van de Fulani TMnr 20010695.jpg|thumb|sun dugara dakiwun shano]]
[[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van een Fulani familie voor hun huis in de regio Ouargaye TMnr 20010032.jpg|thumb|rugan fulani]]
'''Fulani''' ko '''Fulata''' (tilo: '''Bafulatani''' ko '''Bafillace''') &lt;ref&gt;Fula: Fulɓe, 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Kanuri: Fillata; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw; Tyap: A̱fa̱taa&lt;/ref&gt;[[Mutane]] ne da ke a Yamma Maso Arewacin [[Afrika]] tun a tsawon lokaci. Mafi shaharar sana'ar Fulani ita ce [[kiwo]]n [[dabbobi]] da kuma sayar da nono&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 sanar kiwohttps://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0]&lt;/ref&gt;, kuma suna tatsan [[Fura|nonon]] dabbobinsu domin &lt;ref&gt;Richard M. Juang (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;sayarwa, [[Fulani]] wasu [[mutane]] ne da ke da kyakkyawar fahimta,  da zamantakewar su sukan zauna da kowace ƙabilu lafiya kuma har su ƙulla aure a tsakaninsu.&lt;ref&gt;Felicity Crowe (2010). Modern Muslim Societies. Marshall Cavendish. p. 262. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Steven L. Danver (2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 31–32. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fulbe&quot;. homepage.univie.ac.at (in German). Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Kiɗiddiga ta nuna cewa akwai Fulani aƙalla miliyan talatin da biyar a [[Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;Clark, Andrew F. (1996). &quot;The Fulbe of Bundu (Senegambia): From Theocracy to Secularization&quot;. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 29 (1): 1–23. doi:10.2307/221416. JSTOR 221416.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Fulani mannen en vrouwen met hun vee bij een centrale drinkplaats TMnr 20017341.jpg|thumb|Fulani da shanun su.]]
[[File:Fulani Nomads.jpg|thumb|Fulani suna tashi sun ɗora yaransu a kan jaki.]]

==Harshe==
[[Harshen Hausa|Harshe]] ko yaren da kuma [[Fulani]] suke [[magana]] da shi sunansa [[Fulfulde]]. &lt;ref&gt;The homonym Fulani is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word Fula in their language (with suffix -ni), essentially meaning 'little Fula'.&lt;/ref&gt;Haka ake kiran sa a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]] da [[Nijar]] da [[Sudan]] da [[Kamaru]], amma a tushen inda suka fito, watau kamar ƙasashen [[Senegal]] da [[Mauritaniya]] da [[Gini]]  da sauransu. &lt;ref&gt;The letter ɓ is an implosive b sound, which does not exist in English, so is replaced by b. In the orthography for languages of Guinea (pre-1985), this sound was represented by bh, so one would have written Fulbhe instead of Fulɓe.&lt;/ref&gt;Ana kiran harshen da '''Pulaar''' ko '''Fula''.&lt;ref&gt;https://afrigo.org/articles/people-group-fulani/&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Fullani hause village area.jpg|thumb]]

=== ASALIN KALMAR FULANI ===
Da farko dai, masanin ya faɗa cewar tabbataccen tarihi shi ne wanda  ya zo a Alƙur'ani da Hadisai, amma duk wani abu wanda ba shi ba kan iya zamowa gurɓatacce, don haka bai doru a kan cewa wajibin duk abinda ya faɗa shi ne na gaskiya ba.&lt;ref&gt;Fulani: A brief walk into the origin and lifestyle of this beautiful people&quot;. Pulse Nigeria. 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2023-09-18.&lt;/ref&gt;


[[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|gidan fulani]]
A cewar sa asalin sunan Fulani shi ne Tuta (Futa Toro), kuma suna cikin tsofaffin ƙabilun duniya ne. Shi sunan Futa ɗin sun samo shi ne daga kakansu/uban su da ake kira Futa, kuma shi jika ne ga Annabi Nuhu. Ta wajensa aka samar da Samudawa da Adawa, don haka faɗin Allah  Ta Ala a Alkurani (IRAMA ZA TUL IMAAD) da ƙabilar su yake, domin an samu cewa an taɓa kiran su da suna Iramawa.&lt;ref&gt;Saeed, Asma’u G. (2017). &quot;The Mahdiyya in Adamawa Emirate : the poem on the battle of Danki (1892) by Shaykh Hayāt b. Sa'īd&quot;. Journal for Islamic Studies. 36 (1): 61. ISSN 2957-9163.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hello Bello: How 'Bello' became Nigeria's most ecumenical name - Daily Trust&quot;. dailytrust.com. 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2024-11-02.&lt;/ref&gt;


Daga bisanin saboda yawaitar su ga yaƙe-yaƙe, sai aka dinga kiransu da suna Fatah, ma'ana Jarumai. Sannu a hankali kuma aka koma ambaton su da suna Futa.


Yanayin zaman su a wurare kuwa shi ne silar sauyawar sunayen su, ta yadda ake kiran wasu Futa Toro, ma'ana Futawa mazaunan Toro, da Futa Masina da Futa Jallo da Futa Falgo da sauran su


A cewar masanin, shi wannan sunan na FULANI, ya samo asali ne a Yammacin Afirka, sanda suka haɗu da ƙabilar MANDINKA wajen zama, waɗanda su ma kusan Fulani ne a halaye da dabi'u.


Malam Ahmad ya tafi a kan cewa Fulani ƙabilar farko ce da suka soma zaman Afirka, kuma su ne suka zo da addini Yammacin Afirka. 


Don haka idan Fulanin sun tara 'ya'yansu, su kan sanar musu da cewa 'Ana Hulbe (Fulbe) Allah'. Ma'ana mu masu tsoron Allah ne, kada kuyi abinda Mandinkawa abokan zamanmu suke aikatawa. Daga nan sai mandinkawa masu zuwa ganin su suka rinka kiransu da suna Fulah, kafin daga bisani sunan ya rinka sauyawa zuwa Fullata, da Fulbe.


ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA ƊAYA


Malam Ahmad ya sanar mana da cewa Bafillatani ya samu ne daga Annabi Nuhu A S.


Asalin zuriyarsa kuma a yankin Ɗurisinin dake da zama. A nan ne har Annabi Musa A.S ya riske su a zamaninsa lokacin da aka saukar masa da Attaurah. A lokacin suna masu bautar shanu, don haka sai ya kira iya ƙabilar sa Bani Israila zuwa bautar Allah makaɗaici.


Shi ya sa sai Bani Isra'ila suka yi kwaɗayin a sanya musu abin bauta kamar yadda Futawa suke yi, har kuma Musa Samiri ya shagaltar da su tare da sanya musu ɗan maraƙi a matsayin abin bautar Annabi Musa A .S.


Sai daga baya Annabin Allah Musa ya gane lamarin, sannan ya kira shugabansu mai suna Tori ya ƙarbi addini, shi ne har aka yi bikin karɓarsa ranar Asabar a jikin dutsen durisina. Fulani na kiran bikin 'Larki'. Har kuma sukan ce &quot;RaduTori Sinin&quot;, watau ga Inda Tori ya musulunta wajen nuni da Ɗurisinin.


A wannan zamanin, sai ƙabilar Futah ta kasu. Wasu suka karɓi addinin Annabi Musa bisa biyayya da shugaban su Tori, wasu kuma suka bijere, inda suka yi Hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, daga jikinsu ƙabilun Chusi da ake kira Totsi yanzu suka fita, da sauran ƙabilun da suka mamaye yankunan.


ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA BIYU


Aka ce asalin Fulani tare da Yahudawa suke da zama. Don haka kusancin su ke sanyawa ake kiransu da sunan Yahudawa. Kuma su mayaƙa ne marasa tsoro, waɗanda ba sa rabo da makami, sannan suna matuƙar ɗaukaka ranar Asabar sama da sauran ranaku saboda tarayyar su da Yahudawa. Sannu a hankali suka famtsama yankin Afirka ta Yamma.


ASALIN FULANI MAHANGA TA UKU


Wannan mahangar kuma ta nuna cewa Fulani tsatso ne daga zuriyar Annabi Ayyuba A.S..

Aka ce a lokacin da ya zama dattijo yana wa'azi a gefen tekun Indiya, sai aka ba shi wata mace aure wadda ba ta son sa. Don hakan idan dare ya yi sai ta guje masa zuwa bayan daki, a can kuma sai sheɗan ya rinƙa zuwar mata yana tarawa da ita. A haka har ta samu rabon yaro namiji wanda baya magana da kowa.


Aka yi magana a kan yadda ta samu wannan yaro dube da rashin tarayyar ta da maigidanta, amma Annabi Nuhu ya ce a kyale ta a matsayin matarsa, daga bisani hakan ya cigaba da faruwa har ta sake haifar yarinya mace.


Don haka waɗannan mace da namijin da suka girma su ne suka fara amfani da yarensu sabo na Fulatanci.


==Tarihi==
Fulani dai sunfito daga dangin yaren NIGER-CONGO 

== Arziki ==

== Wasanni ==

== Fannin tsarotsaro ==

== Kimiya da Fasaha ==

== Sifiri ==

=== Sifirin Jirgin Sama ===

=== Sifirin Jirgin Kasa ===

== Al'adu ==

=== Mutane ===

=== Abinci ===
Daga cikin muhimman abincin Fulani akwai [[Fura]].

=== Tufafi ===

== Ilimi ==

== Addinai ==

=== Musulunci ===

== Hotuna ==

=== Maza ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Fulani Dress.jpg|Bafullatani da Bafillatana.
File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne.
File:FULANI LOVE.jpg|Ma'aurata biyu, Miji da Mata a Fulani.
File:Fulani man.jpg|Bafullatani da zane a fuskarsa.
File:The Fulani traditional marriage requirements which is flogging of the Groom.jpg|Mazan Fulani suna yin shaɗi.
File:The fulani rural settlement. Mostly called Rugan Fulani is a common type of settlement the fulani people within wesr african countries have. Houses are built with muds and roofing dome with straws or grasses.jpg|Ƙauyen Fulani, ko kuma Rigar Fulani.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Mata ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Wiki fulani girl.jpg|Bahillatana da zane a fuskarta.
File:Fulani Woman.jpg|Kayan Fulani
File:Fulani Woman from Niger.jpg|Matan Fulani suna da gashi sosai a kan su.
File:Nathaniel Ajibola Fulani Woman Nigeria.JPG|Bafullatana mai tallan nono.
File:Fulani dancers from Northern Nigeria.jpg|Fulani na rawar al'ada.
File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <id>844934</id>
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        <username>AmmarBot</username>
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      <text bytes="3400" sha1="9ugmtldca0badqun4kn7tuanhsro7ej" xml:space="preserve">Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
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|[[User:Agpigeon|Agpigeon]]
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|Lahadi, 31 ga Mayu 2026
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|[[User:Antiaichecker|Antiaichecker]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Antiaichecker|Gudummuwa]]
|Lahadi, 31 ga Mayu 2026
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|3
|[[User:NonSoCheNickMettere|NonSoCheNickMettere]]
|[[Special:Contributions/NonSoCheNickMettere|Gudummuwa]]
|Lahadi, 31 ga Mayu 2026
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|4
|[[User:Aniyahol|Aniyahol]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aniyahol|Gudummuwa]]
|Lahadi, 31 ga Mayu 2026
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|5
|[[User:B.beibit87|B.beibit87]]
|[[Special:Contributions/B.beibit87|Gudummuwa]]
|Lahadi, 31 ga Mayu 2026
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|[[User:Screamers Pod|Screamers Pod]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Screamers Pod|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Normalzebr|Normalzebr]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Normalzebr|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|8
|[[User:Willibrede|Willibrede]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Willibrede|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|9
|[[User:Encyacht|Encyacht]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Encyacht|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|10
|[[User:Denpakei|Denpakei]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Denpakei|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|11
|[[User:Stargeorge|Stargeorge]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Stargeorge|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|12
|[[User:Sunfish Dash|Sunfish Dash]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Sunfish Dash|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|13
|[[User:NVNkz|NVNkz]]
|[[Special:Contributions/NVNkz|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|14
|[[User:IvanKonev123|IvanKonev123]]
|[[Special:Contributions/IvanKonev123|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|15
|[[User:Zurekonijn|Zurekonijn]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Zurekonijn|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Volleck|Volleck]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Volleck|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:BlockatePollop2|BlockatePollop2]]
|[[Special:Contributions/BlockatePollop2|Gudummuwa]]
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|[[User:Yuliamasha|Yuliamasha]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Yuliamasha|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Abubakar Babayo|Abubakar Babayo]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Abubakar Babayo|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Pom445|Pom445]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Pom445|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|21
|[[User:Crazyberserk|Crazyberserk]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Crazyberserk|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
|-
|22
|[[User:Kellyblaire|Kellyblaire]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Kellyblaire|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|23
|[[User:Adewale00|Adewale00]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Adewale00|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Shaheedah S Yusuf|Shaheedah S Yusuf]]
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|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Danielfrayer|Danielfrayer]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Danielfrayer|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:YellowNugg|YellowNugg]]
|[[Special:Contributions/YellowNugg|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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|[[User:Ukilooloo|Ukilooloo]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Ukilooloo|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 1 ga Yuni 2026
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Aisha Yahuza</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>24794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844689</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:17:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Bamjos</username>
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      <text bytes="3470" sha1="gd0ulcx1d030f2ltktmzz0kol31au9c" xml:space="preserve">{{welcome}} -[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Gwanki|talk]]) 22:12, 8 Satumba 2021 (UTC)

== Gogewa don sake kirkira ==

Aslm @[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]], barka da war haka da fatan kunyi sallah lafiya. Wannan mukala ta [[Rigasa]] zamu gogeta sabota akwai kura-kurai da dama wanda idan akace za'a tsaya gyara su sai goge kusan komai a shafin. Saboda haka zamu goge shafin amma ana iya kara kirkirarta sannan a bi ka'idoji da sigar rubuta mukalu ta Wikipedia.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 07:50, 2 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC)

== Searching  ==

@[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] sannu da aiki. Na ga kina fassara makala bayan wani ya riga da ya fassara ta. Ki riƙa '''Searching''' na sunan makala don tabbatar da babu ita, sannan ki fassara. Bugu da ƙari makaloli ki na bukatar gyara sosai dafatan za ki '''gyara''' kuma ki '''inganta'''. Idan kina da tambaya game da abinda ba ki fahimta ba kina iya tambayar duk wani Edita. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 06:17, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC)

:Assalam Alaikum @[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], sannu da aiki. Naga ka kulle ni sakamakon fassarar da nake yi. Ina bada hakuri kuma na lura da gyaran da kake so nayi kuma Insha'Allah zan gyara. Na tuntubi [[User:Gwanki]] kuma yayi min karin haske sosai kan yadda zan gyara fassara ta. Nagode sosai bisa ga tunatar wa -[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ([[User talk:Aisha Yahuza|talk]]) 16:52, 13 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC)

== Gogewa [[Agalemi]] ==

Assalam @[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]],

An goge wannan shafi da kika kirkira [[Agalemi]] kasancewa anyi shi ne don nuna ma'anar kalmar, babu isassun bayanai kuma babu isassun hujjoji da zasu bayyana shaharar kalmar. Ana iya kirkirar ta a shafin Hausa Wiktionary inda tafi dacewa. 

Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 15:51, 19 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)

:An kirkire ta a Hausa Wiktionary https://ha.wiktionary.org/wiki/Agalemi. Kina iya fadada ta ko inganta da sauran ma'anoni, misalai, da dai sauransu.  [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 15:52, 19 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)

== Gyara ==

@[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] sanunki da Kokari Aisha ,Sai dai akwai Dan gyara da zan Maki akan yanda kike editing naki kina shiga mukala kina gyaran da baiwuce kalma shida ko biyar ba Sai ki wallafa Wanda hakan ba edits bane Mai inganci kinayin hakan me Dan kitara edit kamatayi idan kikashiga mukala kiyi duk gyaran da Kika gani acikin ta sannan ki walafa [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:01, 27 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== [[Biskin alkama]]  ==

Assalam,

Wannan mukala bata cancanci zama mukala ba a Wikipedia saboda an rubuta ta da sigar zube.  [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 21:34, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Saboda haka na goge ta. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 21:35, 28 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== Jawo hankali ==

Sannu da aiki @[[User:Aisha Yahuza|Aisha Yahuza]] ya kamata ki dinga gyara mai ma'ana. Saboda kina wasu gyararraki marasa amfani domin tara yawan edits. Misali idan kika ga an rubuta &quot;Nuwamba 1999&quot; sai ki goge ki rubuta &quot;Nuwamban shekarar 1999&quot; wannan gyaran baida muhimmanci kasancewar duk wani bahaushe idan aka rubuta &quot;Nuwamba 1999&quot; yasan mi ake nufi. Saboda haka ki maida hankali wajan gyara kurakurai da kuma ƙara wasu abubuwa da zasu ƙara ma'anar rubutu. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 14:13, 30 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

Your translation isnt accurate and it may be deleted soon</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</title>
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      <comment>/* Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 74 */ sabon sashe</comment>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abubakar Yusuf Gusau! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 13:34, 9 Satumba 2021 (UTC)

== Goge Makala ==

Barka dai [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]], sannu da kokari. Za kaga na goge dukkan maƙalolin da ka kirkira, hakan ya faru ne sakamakon wasu da turanci kayi su wanda hakan ya saɓa ma [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Dokokin Hausa Wikipedia]]. Wasu kuma akwai su dama.
Duba  [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] domin samun ƙarin ƙwarewa.
Idan kana da wata bukata to kana iya tuntube Ni ta [[User Talk:Gwanki|Shafina na tattaunawa]]

-[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Gwanki|talk]]) 07:01, 14 Satumba 2021 (UTC)

== Goge Shafin Taraba State ==

Barka da war haka, [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ina mai sanar da kai cewa mun goge shafin Taraba State saboda akwai shafin a Hausa Wikipedia [[Jahar Taraba]] saboda haka muka goge. Da fari idan kana so ka kirkiri sabon shafi ka fara duba ta 'search box' ko idan akwai shafin. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ([[User talk:Uncle Bash007|talk]]) 13:00, 15 Satumba 2022 (UTC)

== Saka manazarta a mukalar &quot;Yankin Sahara na Afrika&quot;  ==

Assalamu Alaika @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]], naga kai ne ka kirkira mukalar [[Yankin Sahara na Afrika]] amma baka saka mata manazarta ba. yakamata mu rika inganta ayyukanmu da abin dogaro saboda yanada matikar mahimmanci. Nagode [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 11:27, 1 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC)

== Manazarta ==

Aslm, @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] brk da aiki. Ina so na sanar da kai akan maƙalar da kake fassarawa wannan abu ne mai kyau. Sai dai yadda kake saka '''Manazarta/Reference''' kwara guda a ko'ina madadin maƙalar gaba-daya wanda hakan kuskure ne. Bugu da kari ma manazarta da kake sakawa ba komai bane illa link kwara ɗaya, wanda zai kai mutum ainafin shafin da aka kirkiro ko fassara maƙalar, misali [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Ajakaiye#cite_note-7| wannan makalar da ka fassara]. Ina fatan idan kana da tambaya akan yanda ake saka manazarta ka tambaya. Fatan za'a gyara domin kaucewa gogewa. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:01, 27 Oktoba 2023 (UTC)

:Slm. Naji kuma zan gyara Insha Allah, saboda haka inaso ayi unblocking dina saboda akwai aikin dana nakeso na qara sa. [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau#top|talk]]) 16:57, 29 Disamba 2023 (UTC)

== Gajerar makala  ==

Barka da yau, @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]], naga kana fara fassara maƙala sai ka saki ka kama fassara wata kuma, ya kamata mu riƙa amfani da abin da ake fada mana akai. Kana fara fassara maƙala section ɗaya sai ka barta kuma ka nufi wata!. Ya kamata kafin fassara wata ka tabbatar ka idasa wadda ka rigaya fara fassara akai ko da kashi 80 ne na maƙalar ka cimmawa kafin ka nufi wata kuma. Nagode da fatan zamu kiyaye.

Muma ba yin mu bane dokoki ne na gidauniyar Wikipidia baki-ɗaya kuma tunda har mun amince zamuyi to wajibi ne mu bi dokokin da tsare-tsaren tafiyar nan. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 21:19, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Tinuade Sanda ==

Assalam,

Wannan mukala da ka kirkira [[Tinuade Sanda]] mace ce amma kayi amfani da wakilan suna na namiji (misali, shi, tsohon etc). Da fatan za'a rika lura sosai duba da wani  bako na iya zuwa ya karanta ya ga kuskure.

Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller&gt;&gt;]] 15:34, 18 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 65 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.2;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Issue 65, September – October 2024
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;
* Hindu Tamil Thisai joins The Wikipedia Library
* Frankfurt Book Fair 2024 report
* Tech tip: Mass downloads
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/September-October_2024|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --12:50, 12 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 66 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.2;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Issue 66, November – December 2024
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;
* Les Jours and East View Press join the library
* Tech tip: Newspapers.com
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December_2024|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --17:34, 10 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 67 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.2;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Issue 67, January – February 2025
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;
* East View Press and The Africa Report join the library
* Spotlight: Wikimedia+Libraries International Convention and WikiCredCon
* Tech tip: Suggest page
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February_2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --18:49, 19 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 68 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 68, March–April 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
In this issue we highlight two resource renewals, #EveryBookItsReader, a note about Phabricator, and, as always, a roundup of news and community items related to libraries and digital knowledge.
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/March–April 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --10:19, 13 Mayu 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 69 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 69, May–June 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
In this issue we highlight a new partnership, Citation Watchlist and, as always, a roundup of news and community items related to libraries and digital knowledge.
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/May-June 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 13:11, 1 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Manazarta  ==

Aslm @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] lallai kana ƙoƙari wajan ƙirƙirar muƙala, sai dai kana yin kuskure wajan saka Manazarta. Kana ɗauko link baki ɗaya kasa madadin ainahin link din da ya dace, wanda hakan ya saɓa ƙa'idar Manazarta. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 05:32, 12 Satumba 2025 (UTC)

== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 70 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 70, July–August 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* New collections:
** ''Times of Malta''
** Africa Intelligence
** Intelligence Online
** ''La Lettre''
** ''Glitz''
* Spotlight: Wikimania
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/July-August 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 13:16, 18 Satumba 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Gyara ==

@[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]]Sannunka da kokari abubakar yusuf ,hakika kana kokari wajen inganta mukalu da kuma kirkirar sabin mukalu ,anma kana bukatar gyara sallon yanda kake saka manazarta,kamin magana domin fahimtar yanda ake saka manazarta,ko kuma kaje ka koyo yanda ake saka manazarta [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 14:56, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 ==

[[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]]

Dear [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]],

Your wiki anniversary was '''30 days''' ago, marking '''4 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''10,249''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead!

''Use this [https://suyashdwivedi.github.io/Wiki_Tools/Wiki_Anniversary.html '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.''

-- [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|talk]]) 18:25, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 71 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 71, September–October 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* Spotlight: 1Lib1Ref 2025 in Nigeria
* Frankfurt Book Fair
* Tech tip: Wikipedia Library access template
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/September-October 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 15:22, 18 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Manazarta  ==

Barka da auki @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] kana sanya Manazarta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, lallai hakan kuskure ne. Wannan muƙalar mai taken https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Fletcher_(speaker) ka gyara ta Sannan kabi ka'idojin saka Manazarta. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:55, 19 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC)

== Gyara akan yadda ake saka Manazarta  ==

Barka @[[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] kana ƙoƙari wajan ƙirƙirar muƙala, hakan abune mai kyau. Saidai kana kuskure wajan saka Manazarta, maimakon kwafo yadda asalin rubutun '''Manazarta''' saika kwafo link address ka saka a maimakon '''Manazarta'''. Tabbas hakan kuskure ne. Domin koyon yadda ake saka Manazarta yimun magana ko ka tuntubi wani ƙwararren edita na kusa. Bugu da ƙari a madadin Manual edit da kakeyi ka koyi amfani da Translation tool domin ingancin aiki. [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 11:39, 19 Disamba 2025 (UTC)

:Barka da war haka.   Naji dadin gyaran da ka mun Amma inason qarin bayani akan yadda akasa Manazarta.  Nagode [[User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau|talk]]) 11:43, 19 Disamba 2025 (UTC)
::domin samun Tutorial video yimun magana ta Whatsapp '''09165952575''' [[User:Pharouqenr|&lt;span style=&quot;color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Captain Pharouq&lt;/span&gt;]] 12:01, 19 Disamba 2025 (UTC)

== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 72 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 72, November–December 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* Renewed partnerships
* Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 12:44, 29 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 73 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 73, January–February 2026 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* Four new partnerships
* User survey thanks
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 12:06, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Za ka iya samun damar kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen U4C ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Ina tuntubar ku ne saboda kun riga kun kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen da suka shafi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Kwamitin Kula da Ɗabi'a na Duniya (U4C)]]. Kuna iya cancantar kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen U4C na yanzu, wanda aka buɗe yanzu kuma zai ƙare a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2026. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da 'yan takara da zaɓen a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|shafin zaɓe akan Meta]], kuma daga nan za ku iya samun damar jefa ƙuri'ar da kanta. Shiga cikin waɗannan zaɓen yana da mahimmanci ga shugabancin al'ummomin Wikimedia, kuma lokacin da kuka ɓata kuna koyo game da 'yan takara da kuma kaɗa ƙuri'a ana yaba muku.

-- Tare da haɗin gwiwar U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:20, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC)
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== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 74 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 74, March–April 2026 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* New partnership: Swissdox
* User survey results
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/March-April 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 10:35, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

(This message was sent to [[:User:Abubakar Yusuf Gusau]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini Mohammed Inusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini Mohammed Inusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 24 Disamba 2021 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]]
Greetings Organisers,

We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]]

Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so.

Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns.

Thanks and Regards, 

Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team

--[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[User talk:Tiven2240|talk]]) 17:22, 5 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Maris, 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''

Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments.

If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help.

Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:47, 10 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]]

{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikimedian,

We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.

As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023.

Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.

Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.

With warm regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:37, 25 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia,

Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC.

Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a.

Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]].

Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki.

A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear El-hussain14,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear El-hussain14,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear El-hussain14

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 ==

We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''.
=== About the General Assembly ===
The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to:
* Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work.
* Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem.
* Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input.

=== How to participate ===
Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you.
* '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]'''
[[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]]

Looking forward to your participation,

Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 ==

[[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]]
The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''.

The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals:

* '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic
* '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&amp;A)
* '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics)
* '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged

Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on:
* Potential impact and expected outcomes
* Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas

Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission.

'''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]'''

For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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      <sha1>t1avh2k82ffjgbcm23onsiia5fb2se0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tafkin Ichkeul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339956510|Lake Ichkeul]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lake Ichkeul''' ( Arabic     ) wani [[tafki]] ne a arewacin [[Tunisiya]], wanda ke da nisan kilomita 20 (mil 12) zuwa Bizerte, birni mafi arewa a Afirka a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tafkin da wuraren dausayi na '''Ichkeul National Park''' muhimmin wuri ne na tsayawa ga ɗaruruwan dubban tsuntsaye masu ƙaura kowace shekara. Daga cikin baƙi na tafkin akwai [[Agwagwa|agwagi]], geese, shamuwa, da flamingoes masu ruwan hoda . Gina [[madatsar ruwa]] a kan kogunan ciyar da tafkin ya haifar da manyan canje-canje ga daidaiton [[Ecology|muhalli]] na tafkin da wuraren dausayi.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Ichkeul_National_Park-130277.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tafkin Ichkeul]]
A zamanin daular Hafsid, tafkin Ichkuel ya kasance wurin ajiyar kaya a ƙarni na 13. Daga baya ya zama mallakar jama'a a farkon ƙarni na 20 a lokacin mulkin Faransa . Tun daga shekarar 1980, ya kasance [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO]] .

Saboda madatsun ruwa sun rage kwararar ruwan da ke shiga tafkuna da dausayi sosai, an maye gurbin gadawar ciyawa, dausayi, da sauran nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu ruwa mai tsabta da tsire-tsire masu son gishiri. Waɗannan canje-canjen sun haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, waɗanda suka dogara da cakuda shuke-shuken da suka wanzu a da.

A cewar shafin yanar gizon UNESCO, gwamnatin Tunisiya ta ɗauki wasu matakai don kiyaye ruwan sha da kuma rage gishiri, kuma an cire tafkin daga jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya na UNESCO da ke cikin haɗari a shekarar 2006.

Duk da haka, wasu rahotanni daga Ƙungiyar Kare Muhalli ta Duniya sun nuna cewa gishirin ya riga ya yi yawa kuma yiwuwar gyarawa na iya ɓacewa da sauri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ichkeul Lake, Tunisia : Image of the Day |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6209 |access-date=2017-07-01 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ichkeul National Park ==
[[Fayil:Ichkeul_National_Park_0001.jpg|thumb|459x459px|Wurin shakatawa na Ichkeul, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya]] a Tunisiya.]]
Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Ichkeul wani wuri ne na tarihi na duniya wanda ke arewacin [[Tunisiya]], 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso yammacin Bizerte da kuma kilomita 15&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa da Mateur . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ichkeul National Park 8 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/008.pdf |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=UNESCO: World Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin shakatawa yana cikin jerin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wuraren tarihi]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]] tun daga shekarar 1980, kuma tsakanin 1996 da 2006 wurin shakatawar shi ma yana cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya da ke cikin haɗari na ƙungiyar. Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tunisiya ce ke kula da wurin shakatawar.

Shukar fure {{Interlanguage link|Teucrium_schoenenbergeri|fr}} An girbe Nabli da aka samu a Tunisiya kawai a shekarar 1965 a wurin shakatawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schoenenberger A., Nabli M.A. |first= |date=1990 |title=Isotype of Teucrium schoenenbergeri Nabli [family LAMIACEAE] |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.MPU001289 |journal=Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques |volume=137 |issue=4,5 |pages=314}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Parcichkeul3.jpg|alt=View of Ichkeul National Park| Ra'ayin Ichkeul National Park
Fayil:Ichkeul002.jpg|alt=Lake landscape| Yanayin shimfidar tafkin
Fayil:Ichkeul003.jpg|alt=Lakefront| Gefen tafkin
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3534" sha1="dw208f8uy20hx6rdv0fakm1qnwmdre2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Lake Ichkeul''' ( Arabic     ) wani [[tafki]] ne a arewacin [[Tunisiya]], wanda ke da nisan kilomita 20 (mil 12) zuwa Bizerte, birni mafi arewa a Afirka a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . Tafkin da wuraren dausayi na '''Ichkeul National Park''' muhimmin wuri ne na tsayawa ga ɗaruruwan dubban tsuntsaye masu ƙaura kowace shekara. Daga cikin baƙi na tafkin akwai [[Agwagwa|agwagi]], geese, shamuwa, da flamingoes masu ruwan hoda . Gina [[madatsar ruwa]] a kan kogunan ciyar da tafkin ya haifar da manyan canje-canje ga daidaiton [[Ecology|muhalli]] na tafkin da wuraren dausayi.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Ichkeul_National_Park-130277.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Tafkin Ichkeul]]
A zamanin daular Hafsid, tafkin Ichkuel ya kasance wurin ajiyar kaya a ƙarni na 13. Daga baya ya zama mallakar jama'a a farkon ƙarni na 20 a lokacin mulkin Faransa . Tun daga shekarar 1980, ya kasance [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO]] .

Saboda madatsun ruwa sun rage kwararar ruwan da ke shiga tafkuna da dausayi sosai, an maye gurbin gadawar ciyawa, dausayi, da sauran nau'ikan shuke-shuke masu ruwa mai tsabta da tsire-tsire masu son gishiri. Waɗannan canje-canjen sun haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, waɗanda suka dogara da cakuda shuke-shuken da suka wanzu a da.

A cewar shafin yanar gizon UNESCO, gwamnatin Tunisiya ta ɗauki wasu matakai don kiyaye ruwan sha da kuma rage gishiri, kuma an cire tafkin daga jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya na UNESCO da ke cikin haɗari a shekarar 2006.

Duk da haka, wasu rahotanni daga Ƙungiyar Kare Muhalli ta Duniya sun nuna cewa gishirin ya riga ya yi yawa kuma yiwuwar gyarawa na iya ɓacewa da sauri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ichkeul Lake, Tunisia : Image of the Day |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6209 |access-date=2017-07-01 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ichkeul National Park ==
[[Fayil:Ichkeul_National_Park_0001.jpg|thumb|459x459px|Wurin shakatawa na Ichkeul, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihi na Duniya]] a Tunisiya.]]
Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Ichkeul wani wuri ne na tarihi na duniya wanda ke arewacin [[Tunisiya]], 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso yammacin Bizerte da kuma kilomita 15&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa da Mateur . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ichkeul National Park 8 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/008.pdf |access-date=31 May 2015 |publisher=UNESCO: World Heritage}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin shakatawa yana cikin jerin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wuraren tarihi]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]] tun daga shekarar 1980, kuma tsakanin 1996 da 2006 wurin shakatawar shi ma yana cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya da ke cikin haɗari na ƙungiyar. Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tunisiya ce ke kula da wurin shakatawar.

Shukar fure {{Interlanguage link|Teucrium_schoenenbergeri|fr}} An girbe Nabli da aka samu a Tunisiya kawai a shekarar 1965 a wurin shakatawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schoenenberger A., Nabli M.A. |first= |date=1990 |title=Isotype of Teucrium schoenenbergeri Nabli [family LAMIACEAE] |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.MPU001289 |journal=Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques |volume=137 |issue=4,5 |pages=314}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Parcichkeul3.jpg|alt=View of Ichkeul National Park| Ra'ayin Ichkeul National Park
Fayil:Ichkeul002.jpg|alt=Lake landscape| Yanayin shimfidar tafkin
Fayil:Ichkeul003.jpg|alt=Lakefront| Gefen tafkin
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Joy Doreen Biira</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341822013|Joy Doreen Biira]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Reflist}}

'''Joy Doreen Biira''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1986) 'yar jarida ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan sadarwa a kasar Uganda. Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin &quot;mai jarida, sadarwa da dabarun dijital, mai gudanarwa, mai magana, mai horar da kafofin watsa labarai, mai tasiri da mahaifiyarta&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maureen Akinyi |date=5 May 2012 |title=New Kid On The Screen |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/womans-instinct/article/2000057619/new-kid-on-the-screen |access-date=7 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; Taken taken ta shine &quot;Creatives Director&quot; a Africa Speaks Limited, kamfani mai zaman kansa na Uganda, wanda aka iyakance ta hannun jari, wanda aka kafa a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Uganda Registration Services Bureau |date=24 October 2020 |title=Ugandan Companies: Africa Speaks Limited |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/ug/80010002958136 |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Opencorporates.com |format=Opencorporates.com Quoting [[Uganda Registration Services Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi da ilimi ==
An haifi Joy Doreen Biira a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1986 ga John da Beatrice Baluku a garin Kasese na Yammacin Uganda, a Yankin Rwenzururu, a gindin tsaunuka na Rwenzori Mountain Range . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maureen Akinyi |date=5 May 2012 |title=New Kid On The Screen |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/womans-instinct/article/2000057619/new-kid-on-the-screen |access-date=7 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta yankin. Daga nan sai ta koma [[Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Kyebambe]], a birnin Fort Portal, inda ta kammala karatunta na O-Level. Don karatunta na A-Level, ta halarci ''Makarantar Sakandare ta Immaculate Heart'' a garin Rukungiri, inda ta sami Diploma na makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Satumbar 2005, an shigar da Biira a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], tsohuwar jami'ar jama'a mafi girma a Uganda, don neman digiri a [[Fasahar bayanai|Fasahar Bayanai]], ta uku da ta fi so. Zaɓin farko da ta yi shi ne aikin jarida da sadarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maureen Akinyi |date=5 May 2012 |title=New Kid On The Screen |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/womans-instinct/article/2000057619/new-kid-on-the-screen |access-date=7 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin shekara ta farko a jami'a, ta yi aiki na cikakken lokaci, wanda ya biya ta karatun, tare da darussan maraice a jami'ar. Ta yi aiki a Branding Uganda Limited', a cikin Sashen Ayyuka. A wasu kwanaki, ta shiga cikin aji na Mass Communication, inda zuciyarta take.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Fasahar Bayanai daga Jami'ar Makerere a shekarar 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Bayan shekara ta biyu a ''Kwalejin Kwamfuta da Kimiyya ta Bayanai'' a Jami'ar Makerere, Biira ta jinkirta makaranta a shekarar ta ƙarshe don samun kwarewa a [[Kafofin yada labarai|Masana'antar kafofin watsa labarai]]. An horar da ita a matsayin mai bincike kan labaran da suka fi zurfi da ƙwarewar jarida ta hanyar masana a cikin shawarwarin kafofin watsa labarai, suna ba ta fa'ida ta gasa tare da 'yan jarida da aka horar da su. Ta fara ne a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa / mai zaman kansa, kuma daga baya aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen safiyar mako a gidan talabijin na NBS tare da Shawn Kimuli, yana watsa shirye-shirye a hedkwatar cibiyar sadarwa a babban birnin Uganda, [[Kampala]] . Tsakanin watan Yulin 2008 har zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Biira ta kasance mai ba da labarai na farko da mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a gidan talabijin na kasa (NBS Television), a Kampala, Uganda, a lokaci guda tana aiki a matsayin kwararren Social Media na shekaru uku na ƙarshe na zamanta a can.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2008, 91.3 Capital FM ta kira Biira, babbar Tashar rediyo ta Ingila a Uganda, don sauraro don shirin rediyo. Bayan zagaye na farko na sauraron, anyi hayar ta a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na wasan kwaikwayo na safe na karshen mako, The Dream Breakfast show . Ta dauki bakuncin tare da &quot;Hakeem-The-Dream&quot; kuma daga baya [[Shawn Kimuli]] . Ta fara fitowa a rediyo a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2008. Ta girma ta zama mai karɓar bakuncin 91.3 Capital FM's Sunday Drive, wani shirin kiɗa na infotainment wanda ya haɗa da tambayoyi, labarai da manyan tattaunawar kiɗa. Yayin da take a 91.3 Capital FM shirye-shiryenta sun zama mafi yawan sauraron shirye-shiryen karshen mako. Ta yi aiki a wannan fannin tsakanin Satumba 2008 da Disamba 2011, a lokaci guda tare da ayyukan talabijin a NBS Television . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Johnson Grace Muganja |date=3 July 2011 |title=Biira: TV And Radio Star |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/14098-biira-tv-and-radio-star |access-date=8 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Biira ta shiga kungiyar Standard Media Group a watan Janairun 2012 a matsayin mai ba da labarai, mai ba da rahoto, da kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye tare da Kenya Television Network (KTN Kenya). ShirinTa dauki bakuncin ''Kasuwanci A Yau'', wasan kwaikwayo na awa daya wanda ke watsawa a cikin kasashe 12 a nahiyar [[Afirka]]. Shirin na daike da batutuwan tattalin arziki ga masu kallo yayin da yake tattaunawa da masana kasuwanci, yana gano tazaran dake tsakanin kamfanoni a duk faɗin Kenya da Afirka zasu iya samu da neman mafita ga waɗannan ƙalubalen. Kamar yadda Kenya ita ce cibiyar tattalin arziki ta Gabashin Afirka, shugabannin kasuwanci, masana tattalin arziki, da masu sharhi sun sanya kasuwancin su don bayyana a Kasuwanci Yau, wanda ke watsawa a ranakun mako a 1400hrs Gabashin Afirka a KTN News. Ta yi aiki a wannan fannin kusan shekaru shida har zuwa Oktoba 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 2013 da 2015, Biira da kanta ta samar da wani shiri kuma ya dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Pan-Afirka Africa Speaks, wanda babban burinta shine bunkasa dangantakar Afirka da tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=25 July 2015 |title=Joy Doreen Biira Interviews Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, Chairperson of the African Union Commission |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGgODwRW3Vk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/wGgODwRW3Vk |archive-date=2021-12-21 |access-date=8 January 2021 |format=Video Interview}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2017 ta dauki karin matsayi a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin shirin labarai na muhalli na duniya ''Eco@Africa'', wanda take gabatar wa tare da ''Nneota Egbe'' na Nijeriya Channels Television. An zabeta a matsayin Mai ba da rahoto na [[Gabashin Afirka]] don Deutsche Welle (DW) wanda ke rufe batutuwan muhalli da mafita masu ban sha'awa daga Afirka da Turai, tayi aiki a wannan bangaren har zuwa watan Oktoba shekarar 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BTK |date=16 January 2018 |title=KTN's Joy Doreen Biira Lands Communications Job With Government |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/ktns-joy-doreen-biira-lands-communications-job/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Business Today Kenya (BTK)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deutsche Welle |date=January 2017 |title=Meet Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://www.dw.com/en/meet-joy-doreen-biira/a-36998255 |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta bar KTN a watan Oktoba shekarar 2017. A watan Janairun 2018, Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai ta Kenya dauki hayar Biira a matsayin mai ba da shawara, dabarun Sadarwar, tayi aiki a can na shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BTK |date=16 January 2018 |title=KTN's Joy Doreen Biira Lands Communications Job With Government |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/ktns-joy-doreen-biira-lands-communications-job/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Business Today Kenya (BTK)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Matooke Republic |date=17 January 2018 |title=KTN News Anchor Joy Doreen Biira Quits TV, Lands Top Job In Kenya Government |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2018/01/17/ktn-news-anchor-joy-doreen-biira-quits-tv-lands-top-job-in-kenya-government/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Matooke Republic}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Janairun 2019 ta koma Deutsche Welle a matsayin wakiliyar Afirka don watsa shirye-shiryen ''Kasuwancin Afirka'', wanda ke a [[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]]. Ta kuma ci gaba da magana da kuma wanda ake tuntuɓa a matsayin Darakta na Creatives na Africa Speaks Limited, rawar da ta taka tun watan Janairun 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;

== Abubuwan da take so ==
Biira tana da sha'awar yanayi da muhalli, kuma mai sha'awar muhalli ce. Ta shiga cikin NBS Television Limited 31 Million Ugandans, 31 Million Trees, kamfen ɗin dasa bishiyoyi a duk ƙasar a Uganda. Shugaba [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] na Uganda ne ya kaddamar da kamfen ɗin a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2010. Aikin wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa don rage tasirin [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deutsche Welle |date=January 2017 |title=Meet Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://www.dw.com/en/meet-joy-doreen-biira/a-36998255 |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biira tana gudanar da shafin yanar gizo da ake kira Biira Foundation inda take wallafa ra'ayinta kan batutuwa daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;10R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=9 April 2020 |title=Website of Biira Online |url=https://www.biiraonline.com |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Biiraonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyalai ==
Joy Doreen Biira ta auri Newton Kung'u, tun daga shekara ta 2016. Suna da  'ya'ya maza biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Douglas Mwarua |date=November 2020 |title=News anchor Doreen Biira shows her motherly side as she hangs out with doting sons |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/384655-news-anchor-doreen-biira-shows-motherly-side-hangs-doting-sons.html |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Tuko Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rashin jituwa ==
A ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2016, sojojin gwamnati da suka hada da Sojojin Tsaro na Jama'ar Uganda (UPDF) da jami,an  'Yan Sanda na Uganda (UPF), sun kai hari, suka kwace kuma suka kone fadar Sarkin Rwenzururu, Charles Wesley Mumbere. Adadin wadanda suka mutu sun kai tsakanin 55 zuwa sama da 100, ya danganta da wanda ke bayar da rahoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;12R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wesley Kipng'enoh |date=November 2016 |title=KTN news reporter Joy Doreen Biira arrested in Uganda |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2000225010/ktn-news-reporter-joy-doreen-bira-arrested-in-uganda-a-day-after-her-wedding |access-date=8 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;13R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=BBC News |date=3 December 2021 |title=Uganda cracks down on 'dissenting' Rwenzururu kingdom |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38169262 |access-date=9 January 2021 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;14R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elias Biryabarema |date=15 March 2017 |title=Uganda says security forces killed more than 100 in palace assault last year |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-security-idUSKBN16M2KZ |publisher=[[Reuters.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kashegari, Biira, wacce ke cikin garinsu na Kasese, don bikin aurenta da ango (yanzu mijinta), Newton Kung'u, ɗan ƙasar Kenya, 'yan sanda na Uganda sun kama ta, saboda ta sanya hotuna da bidiyon wuta, bayan harin, a wasu shafukan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;12R&quot; /&gt; Bayan ta kwashe dare a hannun 'yan sanda, an ba ta belin' yan sanda kuma an ba ta damar komawa Kenya tare da mijinta. An tuhume ta da &quot;tabbatar da ta'addanci&quot;, tuhumar da ta jawo matsakaicin hukuncin shekaru bakwai a kurkukun Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;15R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Committee to Protect Journalists |date=30 November 2016 |title=Ugandan Journalist Joy Doreen Biira Charged With 'abetting terrorism' |url=https://cpj.org/2016/11/ugandan-journalist-joy-doreen-biira-charged-with-a/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, an sace motar Biira, Mercedes-Benz E-220, sedan tare da lambar rajista: KBY 831K, daga filin ajiye motoci na Standard Media Kenya, ma'aikacinta, inda mai shi ya ajiye motar.&lt;ref name=&quot;16R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nairobi News |date=24 December 2016 |title=KTN news anchor's vehicle is stolen at company's parking lot |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/ktn-news-anchors-vehicle-is-stolen-at-companys-parking-lot |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Daily Nation|Nairobi News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kimanin mako guda bayan haka, an gano motar a yammacin birnin [[Kisumu]] na Kenya, kimanin kilomita 350 (217  daga nesa. Wanda aka kama kuma aka tuhume shi da sata shi ne ''Aaron Obudho Ochieng'', edita a gidan talabijin inda shi da Biira suka yi aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;17R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fred Makana |date=3 January 2017 |title=KTN Journalist Aaron Ochieng charged with theft |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/nairobi/article/2000228668/ktn-journalist-aaron-ochieng-charged-with-theft |access-date=8 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kare kan farko na editan shine cewa shi da mai motar sun hada kai don shirya satar mota.&lt;ref name=&quot;18R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abiud Ochieng |date=3 January 2017 |title=New twist as KTN editor claims he planned theft of car with Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/new-twist-ktn-editor-claims-planned-theft-car-joy-doreen-biira |access-date=8 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watanni shida bayan haka, ya karyatar da waɗannan bayanan a kotu, ya nemi gafara ga mai motar a fili saboda cutawa, ciwo da wahala da ya haifar da ƙarya ga kotu, kuma ya cimma matsaya ta kotu tare da mai motar, saboda alhakin farar hula da ya shafi maganganunsa. Ya kuma rasa aikinsa a matsayin Edita a KTN Television . &lt;ref name=&quot;19R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sara Okuoro |date=4 July 2017 |title=Ex-KTN editor Aaron Ochieng apologises to Joy Doreen Biira over car theft |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/nairobi/article/2001246011/ex-ktn-editor-aaron-ochieng-apologises-to-doreen-biira-over-car-theft |access-date=8 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018 an sake daure Aaron Obudho Ochieng saboda ya kasa biyan kuɗin da ya yi alkawarin biya Joy Doreen Biira.&lt;ref name=&quot;20R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ghafla |date=23 May 2018 |title=Former KTN editor Aaron Ochieng thrown back in jail for failing to pay Joy Doreen Biira Kes 550,000 |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/former-ktn-editor-aaron-ochieng-thrown-back-in-jail-for-failing-to-pay-joy-doreen-biira-kes-550000/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Ghafla.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;21R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agnes Oloo |date=22 May 2018 |title=Journalist in Ksh.2.8M Mercedes Benz theft case remanded |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/journalist-in-ksh-2-8m-mercedes-benz-theft-case-remanded-201262/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Citizen Television Kenya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Rikicin Kasese
* [[Winnie Kiiza]]
* George Lugalambi

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

== Haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/lifestyle/article/2000106205/ktnfaces-what-you-do-not-know-about-joy-doreen-biira Abin da ba ku sani ba game da Joy Doreen Biira] Personal Interview A ranar 6 ga Maris 2014.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gurmi (gwagwarmaya)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>100990</id>
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      <id>844995</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>M Bash Ne</username>
        <id>12403</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Bayani */</comment>
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[[Fayil:Hausa_harpist.jpg|thumb|370x370px|Mawallafin Hausa yana wasa gurmi]]
[[Fayil:Diffa_Niger_Griot_DSC_0177.jpg|right|thumb|Wani [[Hausawa|Hausa]] Griot yana wasa da gurmi (wani nau'in Hausa na xalam tare da sa hannu mai laushi) a [[Diffa (gari)|Diffa]], Nijar.]]

'''gurmi''' lute ne mai igiya biyu ko uku da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] na arewacin Najeriya Ke amfani da shi wajen yin kiɗa .  Hakanan ana iya kiransa da suna ''gurumi'' ko ''kumbo''. A salon wasa na yatsunsu biyu da mawaƙa ke amfani da su waɗanda ke wasa da gu

rmin, masu bincike sun danganta shi a matsayin cikin dangi kayan kiɗa ga banjo. Masu bincike sun yi magana game ''gurumi'' kamar dai waɗannan kayan aiki ne daban-daban amma masu kama da juna.

[[Mutanen Toubou]] da &quot;sauran mutanen ƙasar [[Nijar]] da arewacin [[Najeriya]]&quot; suna buga kayan aikin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Gourlay |first=K. A. |url=https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0002unse_h8z7/ |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments |date=1984 |publisher=MacMillan Press |editor=Sadie Stanley |volume=2 |place=London |page= 111|article=Gurmi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Winans&gt;{{cite book |title= Banjo Roots and Branches |editor=Robert B. Winans |chapter=3 List of West African Plucked Spike Lutes |author1= Shlomo Pestcoe |author2=Greg C. Adams|publisher= University of Illinois Press |place= Urbana, Illinois |date= 2018|page= 47}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Winans2&gt;{{cite book |title= Banjo Roots and Branches |editor=Robert B. Winans |chapter=1 Banjo Roos Research, Changing Perspectives on the Banjo's African American Origins and West African Heritage |author1= Shlomo Pestcoe |author2=Greg C. Adams|publisher= University of Illinois Press |place= Urbana, Illinois |date= 2018|page= 11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Well&gt;{{cite book|title= Well of Souls |author= Kristina R. Gaddy |publisher= W. W. Norton &amp; Company |date= 4 October 2022 |pages=13–14|isbn= 978-0393866803}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Winans3&gt;{{cite book |title= Banjo Roots and Branches |editor=Robert B. Winans |chapter=7 &quot;Strum Strumps&quot; and &quot;Sheepskin&quot; Guitars, The Early Gourd Banjo and Clued to Its West African Roots i the Seventeenth-Century Circum-Caribbean|author1= Shlomo Pestcoe |publisher= University of Illinois Press |place= Urbana, Illinois |date= 2018|page= 126}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani ==
[[Fayil:Gurmi,_as_observed_by_P._G._Harris,_1932.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|''gurmi'' kamar yadda P. G. Harris ya kwatanta a cikin labarinsa na shekarar 1932 Notes on Drums and Musical Instruments Seen in Sokoto Province, Nigeria.]]
Yana da akwatin sauti da aka yi daga rabin calabash ko gourd, buɗewar da rufe da ɓoye don allon sauti. wuyansa ya soke calabash, ƙarshen sa yana fitar da ƙasan kayan aikin. Ana ɗaure igiyoyi zuwa maɓallin sandar a ƙasa kuma suna gudana a kan gada a kan allon sauti zuwa wuyan. Ana ɗaure igiyoyi zuwa wuyan ta hanyar ɗaure su zuwa zoben sautin, igiyoyi daban-daban ko igiyoyi da aka ɗaure a wuyan.

Yayinda yake memba ne na dangin Shalam na kayan kida, gurmi takamaiman ne ga mutanen Hausa. Ba kamar xalam ba, tare da akwatin sauti mai siffar oval, akwatin sauti na gurmi yana da zagaye (siffar gourd wanda shine jikinta).  Suna da wuyansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Well&quot; /&gt;

Mazan Hausawa ne suke buga kayan aikin don yin waƙoƙin da ke yabon masu gwagwarmaya. Ana iya buga shi azaman kayan aiki na solo ko tare da waƙa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;

== Bambance-bambance da dangi ==
Masu bincike sun haɗa ''gurmi'' tare da wasu lutes na Yankin Afirka, da yawa tare da sunayen da zasu iya danganta da sunan gurmi. Kayan kiɗa sune &quot;full-spike lutes&quot; ma'ana cewa wuyan yana tafiya duk ta hanyar kayan aiki, yana shiga ɓangarorin biyu na gourd ko calabash resonator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt; Wani madadin, wanda ke raba waɗannan daga sauran lutes na yankin Afirka shine &quot;semi-spike lutes&quot; kamar su Shalam, wanda ƙarshen wuyansa ya fito da sauti (maimakon fita ta gefen gourd) kuma yana aiki azaman gaɗa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt;

Waɗannan cikakkun murya sun haɗa kamar haka:

* Gwagwarmaya. [[Mutanen Soninke]] na Mali.
* Gullum [[Mutanen Kilba]], Najeriya. 3 igiyoyi, akwatin sauti na calabash, rami a gefe, gada da ke da rami kuma &quot;ya ƙunshi tsaba&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;  An yi amfani da shi a bukukuwan mutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;
* Gulum, gulom. [[Ƙabilar Kotoko|Mutanen Kotoko]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Kamaru]]. 3 igiyoyi, &quot;hemispherical&quot; akwatin sauti na calabash, an rufe shi da fatar saniya, an ɗaure shi da kayan aiki tare da sassan a bayan kayan aiki. Gashin doki / igiyoyin nylon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt;
* Gumbri, Guinbri . &lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;  Lute da mutanen Gnawa suka buga (ya'yan Afirka ta Yamma da aka kawo arewa zuwa Maroko a matsayin bayi).
* Gurumi Dosso mutanen Nijar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt; Mutanen Mauri, kudancin Chadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;
* Gurumi [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]]. Nijar 2 igiyoyi, akwatin sauti na calabash.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt;
* Gurumi [[Mutanen Toubou]]. Najeriya. 2 igiyoyi, akwatin sauti na calabash.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt;
* Kambre. [[Saliyo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt;
* Kubru [[Timbuktu]], Mali . &lt;ref name=&quot;Grove&quot; /&gt; 3 igiyoyi, an cire su. Jirgin ruwa mai kama da sauti, &quot;jingle mai ƙarfe&quot;. An haɗa shi da fiddle mai igiya ɗaya.
* Ngùlǎn. [[Mutanen Fali|Mutanen Bana]]. Kamaru 3 igiyoyi, calabash ko akwatin sauti a cikin siffar kwano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Winans&quot; /&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Malam_Maman_Barka.jpg|[[Mamane Barka|Malam Maman Barka]] of the Toubou people, playing an Ngurumi.
Fayil:Écontine.jpg|Econtine, Diola people, in Casamance, [[Senegal]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin Haɗin waje ==

* [https://wakaabout.wordpress.com/2013/09/17/gisting-with-a-hausa-folk-musician/ Tattaunawa da mawaƙin Hausa wanda ke wasa Gurmi; yana da hoto]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sztELbeZAng Bidiyo na Salamatu Mai Gurmi yana wasa da Gurmi.]
[[Rukuni:Gurmi]]
[[Rukuni:Hausawa]]
[[Rukuni:Hausa Wikipedia]]
[[Rukuni:Al'adun Hausawa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ludwig Kaiser</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>132221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844556</id>
      <parentid>771636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:41:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>75</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:WWE_Imperium_clash_at_the_castle.jpg|WWE_Imperium_clash_at_the_castle.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Similar case like [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Fil</comment>
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      <text bytes="21290" sha1="nryf74g07nwku7olu34vagconttvrhk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Marcel Barthel''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1990) ɗan wasan kokawa ne na Jamus. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2017, an sanya hannu a WWE, inda yake aiki a kan Raw da kuma haɗin gwiwar Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), a matsayin mai rufe fuska El Grande Americano . Shi ne shugaban Los Americanos stable. 

Barthel a baya ya yi gwagwarmaya a ƙarƙashin sunan zobe Axel Dieter Jr. a Jamus, musamman ga Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw), inda ya zama Champion na Duniya na Tag Team sau biyu kuma Champion na Ƙungiyar Duniya na Unified. Ya kuma yi gwagwarmaya a Burtaniya don Progress Wrestling . Ya sanya hannu tare da WWE a cikin 2017 kuma an sanya shi zuwa NXT a ƙarƙashin sunansa na ainihi, Marcel Barthel, ya shiga Imperium inda ya lashe NXT Tag Team Championship sau biyu tare da Fabian Aichner . An tura Imperium zuwa babban jerin sunayen a kan SmackDown a 2022 inda aka sake sunan Barthel a matsayin Ludwig Kaiser, sannan ya koma Raw a 2023. Daga farkon 2025, Chadi Gable ya fara nuna El Grande Americano, amma saboda rauni, Barthel ya ɗauki rawar a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2025. A matsayinsa na Americano, Barthel tsohon zakara ne na WWE Speed, mulkin da ya gaji lokacin da ya karɓi rawar daga Gable.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Mahaifinsa Axel Dieter, Christian Eckstei, da Karsten Kretschmer ne suka horar da Barthel.&lt;ref name=&quot;wXw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kader |url=http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/wrestler/kader.php?item=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510155524/http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/wrestler/kader.php?item=4 |archive-date=10 May 2018 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=wXw - more than Wrestling}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fara ne a karkashin sunan zoben Axel Dieter Jr. a NFC New Years Fight Night II a ranar 1 ga Maris 2008, yana kokawa da Da Mack zuwa lokacin iyaka. Ya fara bugawa Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw) a watan Janairun 2009, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Dan Marshall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bai sami wasansa na gaba a wXw ba har zuwa Yuli 2012, lokacin da shi da Da Mack suka ci Walter da Michael Isotov . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dieter da Da Mack za su ci gaba da kafa ƙungiya ta yau da kullun, suna kiran kansu Hot &amp; Spicy. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2013, sun kayar da AUTsiders (Walter da Robert Dreissker) don lashe gasar zakarun duniya ta wXw . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001345/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dieter da Da Mack sun yi nasara sau bakwai a gasar, inda suka doke 'yan kungiyar Sumerian Death Squad (Tommy End da Michael Dante), Forever Hooligans (Rocky Romero da Alex Koslov), da Kazuki Hashimoto da Ryuichi Kawakami . Sun rasa gasar a hannun Matt Striker da Trent? a ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, amma ya lashe su a wasan da ya biyo baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 16 Carat Gold 2014 - Tag 3 « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030522/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, Dieter ya sami damarsa ta farko a gasar zakarun wXw, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Axel Tischer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw Drive Of Champions Tour: Mühlheim ~ HATEs Sunday Bloody Sunday « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=108463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330172025/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=108463 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan sama da shekara guda a matsayin WXw World Tag Team Champions, Dieter da Da Mack sun ci nasara a hannun Faransanci Flavour (Lucas Di Leo da Peter Fischer) a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, inda suka kawo karshen mulkin su.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 14th Anniversary Tour: SlamMania II « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=110900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021000130/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=110900 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2014, Dieter ya kalubalanci Walter ba tare da nasara ba don gasar zakarun duniya ta wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Fabrairun 2015, ya shiga gasar cin kofin kasashe huɗu, inda ya doke Timothy Thatcher a wasan karshe don lashe gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris, Dieter ya shiga gasar 16 Carat Gold Tournament, inda ya doke Zack Sabre Jr. a wasan kusa da na karshe don ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Tommy End.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Oktoba, bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, Hot &amp; Spicy sun sake haɗuwa tare kuma sun kai ga wasan kusa da na karshe na Gasar Tag Team ta Duniya ta 2015 kafin su rasa ga reDRagon (Kyle O'Reilly da Bobby Fish). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Dieter ya sake shiga Gasar zinare ta 16 Carat, inda ya doke [[Drew McIntyre|Drew Galloway]] a wasan kusa da na karshe don ci gaba zuwa wasan karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Sabre, mutumin da ya ci nasara don ci gaba da zuwa wasan karshe a gasar ta shekarar da ta gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001345/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 2 ga Satumba, Dieter da Da Mack sun fuskanci juna, tare da Da Mack yana fitowa a saman kuma yana riƙe da WXw Shotgun Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 16 Carat Gold 2014 - Tag 3 « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030522/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen 2016, Dieter ya shiga Ringkampf, kuma a ranar 10 ga Disamba, ya ci Marty Scurll don lashe WXw Unified World Wrestling Title.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw Drive Of Champions Tour: Mühlheim ~ HATEs Sunday Bloody Sunday « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=108463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330172025/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=108463 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dieter ya rike gasar har zuwa Maris 2017, lokacin da Jurn Simmons ya ci shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 14th Anniversary Tour: SlamMania II « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=110900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021000130/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=110900 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Afrilu, Dieter ya sanar da cewa zai bar wXw don neman ƙarin dama a waje da Jamus. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, wXw ta gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na ban kwana, mai taken Die ''Matte Ist Heilig: Farewell to Axel Dieter Junior'' . A wasansa na karshe a matsayin cikakken memba na wXw, ya haɗu da abokin hamayyarsa na Ringkampf Walter don kayar da abokin aikinsa na dogon lokaci Da Mack da abokin hamayya na dogon lokaci Simmons.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw Die Matte Ist Heilig: Farewell to Axel Dieter Junior « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=172538 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331092304/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=172538 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda dangantakar aiki ta wXw tare da WWE, Barthel ya sami damar yin bayyanar lokaci-lokaci don gabatarwa. A cikin 17th Anniversary Show, a cikin wani ɓangaren da ba a nuna shi ba, Barthel da Alexander Wolfe sun ceci Walter da Thatcher bayan mambobin Rise stable sun yi musu kwanton bauna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2018, an tabbatar da cewa Barthel, a karkashin sunan Axel Dieter Jr., zai koma wXw a matsayin wani ɓangare na 18th Anniversary Show a ranar 22 ga Disamba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A taron, ya haɗu da Walter da Thatcher don kayar da British Strong Style (Pete Dunne, Trent Seven da Tyler Bate). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ya shiga gasar zinare ta 16 Carat, inda ya doke Marius Al-Ani a zagaye na farko,  kafin Lucky Kid ya kawar da shi a wasan karshe na kwata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001345/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; A dare na uku, ya sake haduwa da Da Mack, inda suka ci Jay FK (Jay Skillet da Francis Kaspin). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 16 Carat Gold 2014 - Tag 3 « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030522/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 2024, a Broken Rykes, Barthel (a matsayin Ludwig Kaiser) ya koma wXw a karo na farko tun 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gwagwarmayar Ci gaba (2017-2018) ===
Da yake wakiltar wXw da Ringkampf, Dieter ya fara bugawa Progress Wrestling a Burtaniya a ranar 15 ga Janairun 2017, tare da Walter, inda ya ci The London Riots (James Davis da Rob Lynch). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun koma gabatarwa a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu, sun rasa The South Pacific Power Trip (TK Cooper da Travis Banks). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun sake dawowa a ranar 19 ga watan Maris, inda suka doke The Hunter Brothers (Jim da Lee Hunter). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasansa na farko, Dieter ya sha kashi a hannun Mark Haskins . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, Dieter, Walter, da Timothy Thatcher ba su yi nasara ba sun kalubalanci British Strong Style (Pete Dunne, Trent Seven, da Tyler Bate) a cikin wasan tag na mutum shida don duk gasar zakarun Birtaniya ta Strong Style.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001345/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, Barthel ya yi bayyanar mamaki a taron Progress 'Unboxing, inda Eddie Dennis ya ci shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== WWE ===

==== Daular (2017-2025) ====
On 30 June 2017, Barthel signed with WWE and was assigned to WWE's [[Kungiyar noma|developmental]] territory NXT.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; He made multiple appearances at the NXT live events&lt;ref name=&quot;f4wonline.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=NXT Cocoa, FL, live results: Axel Dieter Jr. makes his debut |url=http://www.f4wonline.com/wwe-results/nxt-cocoa-fl-live-results-axel-dieter-jr-makes-his-debut-237826 |access-date=23 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; before making his television debut under his real name on 8 August 2018 episode of ''NXT'', where he lost to Keith Lee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Barthel then formed a tag team with Fabian Aichner, with whom he would compete on both the NXT and NXT UK brands. 

On 22 May 2019 episode of ''NXT UK'', Barthel and Aichner helped Walter retain the United Kingdom Championship, forming the stable Imperium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 May 2020 episode of ''NXT'', Barthel and Aichner defeated Matt Riddle and Timothy Thatcher (replacing Riddle's original partner Pete Dunne) to win the NXT Tag Team Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; After successful title defenses against teams like Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch, and The Undisputed Era, Imperium lost the titles on 26 August episode of ''NXT'' to Breezango (Tyler Breeze and Fandango), ending their reign at 105 days.&lt;ref name=&quot;NXT08262020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=August 26, 2020 |title=8/26 NXT TV results: Moore's review of new NXT Champion Karrion Kross and Scarlett, Tommaso Ciampa returns, Santos Escobar vs. Isaiah &quot;Swerve&quot; Scott for the NXT Cruiserweight Championship, Fabian Aichner and Marcel Barthel vs. Tyler Breeze and Fandango for the NXT Tag Titles |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/08/26/8-26-nxt-tv-results-moores-review-of-new-nxt-champion-karrion-kross-and-scarlett-tommaso-ciampa-returns-santos-escobar-vs-isaiah-swerve-scott-for-the-nxt-cruiserweight-championship-fabian-a/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827190408/https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/08/26/8-26-nxt-tv-results-moores-review-of-new-nxt-champion-karrion-kross-and-scarlett-tommaso-ciampa-returns-santos-escobar-vs-isaiah-swerve-scott-for-the-nxt-cruiserweight-championship-fabian-a/ |archive-date=27 August 2020 |access-date=August 27, 2020 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 October 2021, at NXT: Halloween Havoc, Barthel and Aichner defeated MSK in a lumberjack tag team match to win the NXT Tag Team Championship for the second time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RUHE IN FRIEDEN, AXEL DIETER |trans-title=REST IN PEACE, AXEL DIETER |url=https://www.wxw-wrestling.com/pages/posts/ruhe-in-frieden-axel-dieter-2367.php |access-date=19 March 2024 |publisher=Westside Xtreme Wrestling |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 December at NXT WarGames, they successfully defended the titles against Kyle O'Reilly and Von Wagner.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Ian |date=16 November 2017 |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg (November 16, 2013) |url=http://backbodydrop.com/blog/reviews/wxw-13th-anniversary-tour-hamburg-november-16-2013/ |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=backbodydrop.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 2 April 2022 at NXT Stand &amp;amp;amp; Deliver, they lost the titles back to MSK in a triple threat tag team match also involving The Creed Brothers, ending their reign at 158 days.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 13th Anniversary Tour: Hamburg « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001345/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=94749 |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the April 5 episode of ''NXT'', Barthel and Aichner faced The Creed Brothers in a losing effort, with Aichner walking out of their match.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=wXw 16 Carat Gold 2014 - Tag 3 « Events Database « CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030522/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&amp;nr=100764 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=www.cagematch.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>nryf74g07nwku7olu34vagconttvrhk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Swallow</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>134395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844772</id>
      <parentid>804038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:57:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Najaatu</username>
        <id>33569</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345743520|Swallow (2021 film)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844772</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4148" sha1="3sdsxqlbaln32pap5v18nikw3rqo5q9" xml:space="preserve">Swallow fim ne na Najeriya na shekarar 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta, [[Sefi Atta]] ya rubuta hade da [[Niyola]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Chioma Chukwuka|Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha]] da [[Ijeoma Grace Agu]] . An sake shi a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2021, ta hanyar [[Netflix]].

== Makirci ==
Tolani Ajao da abokiyar ta Rose, wadanda sun kasan ce suna Zama a daki daya kuma suna aiki a banki daya. Rose's Boss Mr. Lamidi Salako mutum ne mai lalata sosai wanda ke amfani da ikonsa don cin zarafin sakatarensa. Babu wanda zai iya jayayya da shi saboda yana da sashen ma'aikata a hannunsa. Ya kori Rose saboda ta ki ci gaba da amincewa da cin zarafinsa, kuma musamman ya nemi Tolani a matsayin maye gurbinta.

Kamar yadda Rose ta hasaso, yana cin zarafin Tolani ma, wanda ya shigar da korafi don mayar da martani ga bayanin da ya zarge ta da rashin biyayya. Ignatius a cikin Ma'aikata ya ki amincewa da korafinta sabra tsoron da yake ji na lalata mutuncin Mista Salako a matsayin mai aure. Mista Salako daga baya ya dakatar da Tolani lokacin da ta nemi hutu, wanda ya yancin ta.

Rose ta hadu da 'OC' wani Ba'amurke wanda ya dawo ya gabatar da ita ga duniyar fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ta yi ƙoƙari sa Tolani ta Shiga cikinsu, kuma kusan ta yi lokacin da aka yaudari saurayinta Sanwo daga duk abin da ta tanada ta ranta masa don fara kasuwanci.

A ƙarshe, Rose ta yi tafiya ita kaɗai zuwa London bayan ta haɗiye miyagun ƙwayoyi, amma sun fashe a cikin ciki ta jirgi na tsakiyar tafiya, Wanda ya kashe ta. Tolani ta koma ƙauyen, inda Sanwo ya zo neman ta kuma ya gaya mata cewa ma'aikatan sun dakatar da shugabansu Mista Salako. Ya kuma gaya mata game da sabon aikinsa a wani kamfani mai ba da shawara kuma ya mayar mata da kuɗin ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 2021 |title=Swallow (2021) review – this is hard to swallow. |url=https://readysteadycut.com/2021/10/01/review-swallow-2021-netflix-film/ |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=Ready Steady Cut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 2021 |title=Netflix's Swallow (2021) Review: Social Drama Falls Flat |url=https://www.leisurebyte.com/netflix-swallow-2021-review/ |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=Leisure Byte}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masu ba da labari ==

* [[Niyola]] a matsayin Tolani Ajao
* [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin Sanwo
* [[Chioma Chukwuka|Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha]] a matsayin Mama Chidi
* [[Ijeoma Grace Agu]] a matsayin Rose Adamson
* Mercy Aigbe a matsayin Violet
* 2 Taurari na Miliya
* [[Omotunde Adebowale|Omotunde Adebowale David]] a matsayin Franka
* [[Kelvin Ikeduba]] a matsayin O.C.
* [[Frank Donga]]
* [[Eniola Badmus]] a matsayin Mrs. Durojaiye
* [[Kunle Afolayan]] a matsayin Fasto Fred
* Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Hakeem
* Kayode Olaiya a matsayin Ajao
* Anthony Edet a matsayin Johnny
* Muyiwa ya yi wasa a matsayin Arike
* Segun Remi a matsayin Mista Lamidi Salako
* Oreofeoluwa Lawal a matsayin Ayo
* Eniola Akanni a matsayin matashi Tolani

== Fitarwa ==
[[Sefi Atta|Sefi-Atta]], marubuciyar da kanta da [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne suka rubuta rubutun don daidaitawar littafin. Babban Hoton ya faru ne a Ibadan, Jihar Oyo . 

== Karɓar baƙi ==
Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda amfani da mawaƙa a matsayin jagora na fina-finan sa. Wani mai bita na Pulse Nigeria ya ce &quot;Afolayan yana da baiwa mai kyau ga jagorancin fasaha kuma mai samar da komai ne. A cikin 'Swallow', ya nuna kwarewarsa tare da nuna salon, harshe da abubuwan da suka faru (wasu lokutan ba su da kyau) na zamanin da aka saita fim din. Shirin, a gefe guda, kusan ya yi adalci ga rubutun wallafe-wallafen. Ko da yake Atta ke kula da shi, 'Slowwal' fim din yasa jin daɗi, ya ɓace ga alfaharin da ya sa littafin ya fito, Rose Grace ta sami lambar yabo daga masu bida sabi da rawar ta a matsayin Rose. Wani mai bita na Premium Times ya yaba wa masu zanen saiti saboda kulawar da suka yi wa da kuma ya yabo sada da amfani da harsunan asali a cikin fim din. An kuma yaba wa Grace Agu saboda rawar da ta taka yayin da kuma Niyola ta yi fama da rawar da ta taka. A ƙarshe, mai bita ya rubuta &quot;Fim ne mai kyau wanda ya cancanci kallo musamman a matsayin iyali. Yana da koyarwa da nishaɗi&quot;.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Allahabad Sharif</title>
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      <text bytes="3014" sha1="gfolhs39su8uhe8o2ledfz7sj8sfzup" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:GMA_Mosque_panoramic.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Babban masallacin GMA]]
'''Allahabad Sharif''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Babban [[Masallaci]] Allahabad''' masallaci ne da kuma wurin ibada a Kandiaro, Gundumar Naushahro Feroze, Sindh, [[Pakistan]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=الهه آباد درٻار |url=http://www.encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=الهه%20آباد%20درٻار |website=[[Encyclopedia Sindhiana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grand Mosque Allahbad - Full Information |url=http://www.islahulmuslimeen.org/grand-mosque-allahabad |access-date=10 October 2018 |website=www.islahulmuslimeen.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana kan babbar Hanyar Kasa mai nisan kilomita 415 (258  daga [[Karachi]]. Ginin kuma yana da tsarin ilimi har zuwa matakin [[Jami'ar Musulunci]], asibiti, gidan tsofaffi da gidan marayu.
[[Category:Articles containing Sindhi-language text]]

== Tallafi ==
Khwaja Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi Naqshbandi (Urdu: {{Lang|ur|{{nq|حضرت خواجہ محمد طاہر بخشی نقشبندی}}}} ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Sajjan Saeen (Urdu: {{Nastaliq|سجن سائیں}}, Sindhi: سڄڻ سائين), fitaccen Shaihin Sufi Naqshbandi a Pakistan shine babban majibincin masallacin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Grand Mosque, Allahabad |url=http://islahulmuslimeen.org/grand-mosque-allahabad}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
An samo wahayi daga Babban [[Masallaci|Masallacin]] Allahabad daga wuraren gine-ginen Musulunci na gargajiya. Tana kiyaye gadon tayal (Kashi) da aka fentin da hannu na [[Wayewar Kwarin Indus|Wayewar kwarin Indus]] tare da amfani da fasahar zamani ta siminti mai kyau.

Masallacin ya ƙunshi kumbo guda 101. Babban kumbon yana da tsayin {{Convert|115|ft|m}}, dome na biyu {{Convert|78|ft|m}}, sauran dome 99 kuma tsawonsu {{Convert|26|ft|m}}, tare da [[Hasumiya|minaret]] ɗaya mai alama a tsayin {{Convert|120|ft|m}} yana nuna haɗin kan Allah. Kubba da minaret ɗin da aka gina a kan dutse sun ƙunshi babban tsarin masallacin.

== Gama ==
Masallacin Allahabad ya kebanta da tsarin siminti mai kyau tare da aikin tayal ɗin fale-falen da aka fenti da hannu. An fi son tsarin furanni fiye da tsarin siffofi waɗanda ke buƙatar cikakkun bayanai inci-inci don canja su zuwa tayal ɗin fale-falen.

Wata ƙungiyar manyan masu fasaha ta yi aikin sa kai don kafa sashen samarwa ta amfani da dabarun zane da hannu, zaɓin launuka da kuma tsarin harbawa don ƙirƙirar kyawawan tayoyin kashi. Sun yi tayoyin kashi na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma suna ci gaba da samar da ƙira na musamman, ƙirar furanni da zane-zanen rubutu a kan tayal ɗin Kashi don ƙawata masallacin.

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Grand_Mosque_Allahbad_Final_Dome.jpg|alt=The final dome marked the completion of the mosque| Kusufin ƙarshe ya nuna kammala masallacin
Fayil:GMA_Hand_painted_tile_patterns.jpg|alt=Hand-painted tile patterns| Tsarin tayal da aka fentin da hannu
Fayil:Inner_corridor_detail.jpg|alt=Inner corridor detail| Cikakkun bayanai na cikin hanyar
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babban Masallacin Jamia (Karachi)</title>
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'''Babban Masallacin Jamia''' [[masallaci]] ne da ake ginawa a Garin Bahria Karachi, a lardin Sindh na ƙasar [[Pakistan]]. Idan aka kammala ginin, ginin zai ƙunshi masallaci mai ƙarfin ɗaukar masu ibada 800,000 a lokaci guda, wanda hakan zai sa ya zama masallaci mafi girma a ƙasar Pakistan kuma na huɗu mafi girma a duniya gwargwadon ƙarfinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-07 |title=Groundbreaking ceremony of Grand Jamia Masjid |url=https://nation.com.pk/business/07-Jan-2015/groundbreaking-ceremony-of-grand-jamia-masjid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107124447/https://nation.com.pk/business/07-Jan-2015/groundbreaking-ceremony-of-grand-jamia-masjid |archive-date=7 January 2015 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ullah |first=Rafi |date=2020-05-07 |title=World’s Third-Largest Mosque |url=https://architecturaltimes.news/worlds-third-largest-mosque/ |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Architectural times |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128054929/https://architecturaltimes.news/worlds-third-largest-mosque/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zane ==
Tsarin ginin ya haɗu ne da gine-ginen [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] da [[Persian architecture|na Farisa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-07 |title=Groundbreaking ceremony of Grand Jamia Masjid |url=https://nation.com.pk/business/07-Jan-2015/groundbreaking-ceremony-of-grand-jamia-masjid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107124447/https://nation.com.pk/business/07-Jan-2015/groundbreaking-ceremony-of-grand-jamia-masjid |archive-date=7 January 2015 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faɗin {{Convert|50|acre|ha}} a saman wani {{Convert|60|ft|m}}An zaɓi  ta yadda masallacin zai kasance a bayyane daga wani nesa. Tsarin ya haɗa da {{Convert|325|ft|m}} minaret mai siffar mutum ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-06 |title=Bahria breaks ground on world’s third largest mosque |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/817839/bahria-breaks-ground-on-worlds-3rd-largest-mosque |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karachi: Foundation stone of world's third largest mosque laid {{!}} Pakistan {{!}} Dunya News |url=http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/253767-Karachi-Foundation-stone-of-worlds-3rd-largest-m |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=dunyanews.tv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masallacin ya ƙunshi kumbo 150 jimilla. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ullah |first=Rafi |date=2020-05-07 |title=World’s Third-Largest Mosque |url=https://architecturaltimes.news/worlds-third-largest-mosque/ |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=Architectural times |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128054929/https://architecturaltimes.news/worlds-third-largest-mosque/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsawon babban kumbo ɗaya shine {{Convert|75|m}}. Ana amfani da marmara mai launin [[beige]] mai inganci daga [[Balochistan]] a cikin ginin. Za a kewaye ginin da manyan lambuna da bangon da aka yi da baka a dukkan bangarorin hudu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 January 2015 |title=Foundation of Grand Jamia Masjid laid in Karachi - PAKISTAN - geo.tv |url=http://www.geo.tv/article-170974-Foundation-of-Grand-Jamia-Masjid-laid-in-Karachi- |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 January 2015 |title=World's third biggest mosque will be constructed in Karachi |url=http://nation.com.pk/national/07-Jan-2015/foundation-stone-of-world-s-3rd-biggest-mosque-laid-in-karachi |access-date=17 December 2015 |website=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masallacin zai kasance yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a cikin farfajiyar. Domin kare masu ibada daga rana, farfajiyar za ta kasance tana da laima mai sarrafa kanta irin wacce aka ƙera a [[Masallacin Annabi|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]].

== Gidan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_1.jpg|alt=Under construction in 2020| Ana kan ginawa a shekarar 2020
Fayil:BTK_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg|alt=The mosque in 2022| Masallacin a shekarar 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin Jama, Champaner</title>
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'''Masallacin Jami''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Jama Masjid''' ; ma'ana &quot;masallacin jama'a&quot;, tsohon [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne, wanda yanzu haka yana da tarihi mai kyau,  wanda ke Champaner, a jihar [[Gujarat]], dake ƙasar [[Indiya]] . Masallacin wani abin tunawa ne mai muhimmanci ga ƙasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Gujarat |url=http://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-gujarat/ |access-date=2016-11-18 |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma, tare da sauran gine-gine, wani ɓangare ne na Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, wani [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]], kuma yana cikin abubuwan tarihi 114 da ke can waɗanda Baroda Heritage Trust ta lissafa.  Masallacin yana da nisan {{Convert|150|ft|m}} gabas da bangon birnin ( ''Jahdnpandh'' ), kusa da ƙofar gabas.

== Tarihi ==
Masallacin ya samo asali ne daga shekarar 1513; kuma an gudanar da gininsa tsawon shekaru 25.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi da Sultan Mahmud Begada ya gina. An ce gine-ginen Mughal ya samo asali ne daga tsarin Sarauta, wanda ya haɗa da ma'anar addinin [[Jainanci|Jain]] da aikin hannu tare da ɗabi'un Musulunci; manyan kusurwoyi suna nuna irin wannan gaurayawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Fact Sheet |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1101 |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Advisory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Advisory Body Evaluation, Champaner-Pavagadh (India) No 1101 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1101.pdf |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |pages=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{Sfn|Bombay|1879}} An gudanar da ayyukan gyara a shekarun 1890. 

== Gine-gine ==
[[Fayil:Central_Dome.jpg|left|thumb|Babban kusurwar masallacin]]
[[Fayil:Inside_Pillars.jpg|left|thumb|Ginshiƙan cikin masallacin]]
Yana da cakuda [[Jainanci|Jain]]  da gine-ginen Musulunci, yana kiyaye ɗabi'un Musulunci, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masallatai a Yammacin Indiya tare da kyawawan kayan cikinsa.  Kayan ado na saman masallaci da kabarin ya ƙunshi alamomin alamu na Rana, lu'u-lu'u, tukwane da inabi, da kuma alamun lotus waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsoffin haikali; masu fasaha na yankin da suka yi aiki a kan waɗannan abubuwan tarihi sun yi amfani da fasaharsu daga kakanninsu kuma ba su da alaƙa da addini domin suna aiki a kan ayyukan da Hindu, Musulmi ko [[Jainanci|Jains]] suka bayar. Wannan masallacin yana da allunan bango guda uku masu tsayi, ɗaya a saman mimbari ɗayan kuma biyu a gefe, tare da sassaka waƙoƙi daga [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] .

Ginin yana da hawa biyu,  tare da salon ado na Musulunci da Hindu.  Tsarin yana kama da na Masallacin Sidi Saiyyed da ke [[Ahmedabad]] ; yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu tare da ƙofar shiga a gefen gabas. Akwai baranda wacce ke da babban kumfa da aka gina a kan dandamali. Akwai matakai zuwa masallacin daga arewa da kudu. Manyan [[Hasumiya|minarets]] masu tsayi guda takwas {{Convert|30|m}} tsayinsu yana gefen biyu na babban ƙofar shiga &lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2009&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Central&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Champaner: Central mehrab in the Jama mosque |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002219u00060000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005182357/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002219u00060000.html |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=29 September 2012 |publisher=Onlinegallery, British Library, UK}}&lt;/ref&gt; .  An lalata ɗaya daga cikin minarets biyu sakamakon harbin bindiga da aka yi da gangan a shekarar 1812 ta hannun Patankar, Gwamnan Scindia.  Ana ganin salon gine-gine na Gujarat a cikin siffar tagogi na oriel tare da sassaka na musamman a saman waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Central&quot; /&gt; Rufin da aka sassaka ya ƙunshi domes da yawa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Rough2011&quot; /&gt; kuma farfajiyar tana da girma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2009&quot; /&gt; Akwai mihrabs bakwai kuma ƙofofin shiga an sassaka su kuma an sanya musu kyawawan jalis na dutse.

Dakunan addu'o'i da yawa sun rabu da ginshiƙai kusan 200.  Babban zauren addu'a yana da ginshiƙai goma sha ɗaya, tare da babban kumbo, gini mai hawa biyu, wanda aka gina a kan ginshiƙai a siffar arcade. An raba zauren addu'ar mai mulki daga babban yanki ta hanyar ''jalis'' .  {{Sfn|Bombay|1879}} &lt;ref name=&quot;World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Champaner-Pavagadh |url=http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/champaner.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006154345/http://worldheritagesite.org/sites/champaner.html |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012 |publisher=Worldheritagesite.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai wani babban gida mai hawa biyu a ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai. Sauran fasalulluka na ciki sun haɗa da allon maqsurah mai kusurwa, trabeate hypostyle ''lwan'', fikafikan gefe masu murabba'i biyu, katangar ''zanana'', da kuma rufe arewa ''[[mihrab]]'' . 

=== Filaye ===
An gina kaburbura kusa da masallacin, wanda a kowane lokaci yake da siffar murabba'i mai ginshiƙai da kumbo a kansu, sannan kuma an ƙawata shi da kayan ado. &lt;ref name=&quot;Advisory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Advisory Body Evaluation, Champaner-Pavagadh (India) No 1101 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1101.pdf |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |pages=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tankin alwala mai siffar ''kund'' mai siffar octagonal  yana kusa da ginin; ana amfani da shi don [[Girbi ruwan sama|tattara ruwan sama]] da wankewa kafin yin addu'a. Masallacin ya zama wurin ibada ga waɗanda ke neman albarka daga pir wanda aka binne a kusurwa ɗaya na lambun. 

== Wasu masallatai ==
Akwai wasu masallatai da dama a cikin wurin shakatawa na tarihi na Champaner-Pavagadh, ciki har da masallatan Bawaman, Kevada, Lila Gumbaj Ki, da Nagina .

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Ceiling_Carvings_Jami_Masjid_Champaner.JPG|alt=Ceiling fractal carvings resemble to Kalpavriksha illustration in Dilwara Jain Temple| Rubuce-rubucen sassaƙaƙƙun sassaƙaƙƙun kamar kwatancin Kalpavriksha a cikin Temple na Dilwara Jain  
Fayil:Support_system_Main_Dome_Jami_Masjid.jpg|alt=Sky light and supports of main dome| Hasken sama da goyon bayan babban dome
Fayil:Jami_Masjid_Minar_Base_Detail_Champaner.JPG|alt='Jaali' design at minar base| Tsarin 'Jaali' a ginin minar
Fayil:Two_minars_at_front_of_main_entrance_of_prayer_hall.JPG| Minarets
Fayil:Jami_masjid_Jarukha.jpg
Fayil:Jami_Masjid_Champaner_Open_Roof.jpg|alt=Open roof of the entry hall| Buɗaɗɗen rufin zauren shiga
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>12403</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tarihi */</comment>
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'''Masallacin Jami''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Jama Masjid''' ; ma'ana &quot;masallacin jama'a&quot;, tsohon [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne, wanda yanzu haka yana da tarihi mai kyau,  wanda ke Champaner, a jihar [[Gujarat]], dake ƙasar [[Indiya]] . Masallacin wani abin tunawa ne mai muhimmanci ga ƙasa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=List of Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains of Gujarat |url=http://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-gujarat/ |access-date=2016-11-18 |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma, tare da sauran gine-gine, wani ɓangare ne na Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, wani [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin tarihi]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]], kuma yana cikin abubuwan tarihi 114 da ke can waɗanda Baroda Heritage Trust ta lissafa.  Masallacin yana da nisan {{Convert|150|ft|m}} gabas da bangon birnin ( ''Jahdnpandh'' ), kusa da ƙofar gabas.

== Tarihi ==
Masallacin ya samo asali ne daga shekarar 1513, kuma an gudanar da gininsa tsawon shekaru 25.  Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi da Sultan Mahmud Begada ya gina. An ce gine-ginen Mughal ya samo asali ne daga tsarin Sarauta, wanda ya haɗa da ma'anar addinin [[Jainanci|Jain]] da aikin hannu tare da ɗabi'un Musulunci; manyan kusurwoyi suna nuna irin wannan gaurayawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Fact Sheet |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1101 |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Advisory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Advisory Body Evaluation, Champaner-Pavagadh (India) No 1101 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1101.pdf |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |pages=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;  {{Sfn|Bombay|1879}} An gudanar da ayyukan gyara a shekarun 1890.

== Gine-gine ==
[[Fayil:Central_Dome.jpg|left|thumb|Babban kusurwar masallacin]]
[[Fayil:Inside_Pillars.jpg|left|thumb|Ginshiƙan cikin masallacin]]
Yana da cakuda [[Jainanci|Jain]]  da gine-ginen Musulunci, yana kiyaye ɗabi'un Musulunci, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masallatai a Yammacin Indiya tare da kyawawan kayan cikinsa.  Kayan ado na saman masallaci da kabarin ya ƙunshi alamomin alamu na Rana, lu'u-lu'u, tukwane da inabi, da kuma alamun lotus waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsoffin haikali; masu fasaha na yankin da suka yi aiki a kan waɗannan abubuwan tarihi sun yi amfani da fasaharsu daga kakanninsu kuma ba su da alaƙa da addini domin suna aiki a kan ayyukan da Hindu, Musulmi ko [[Jainanci|Jains]] suka bayar. Wannan masallacin yana da allunan bango guda uku masu tsayi, ɗaya a saman mimbari ɗayan kuma biyu a gefe, tare da sassaka waƙoƙi daga [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] .

Ginin yana da hawa biyu,  tare da salon ado na Musulunci da Hindu.  Tsarin yana kama da na Masallacin Sidi Saiyyed da ke [[Ahmedabad]] ; yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu tare da ƙofar shiga a gefen gabas. Akwai baranda wacce ke da babban kumfa da aka gina a kan dandamali. Akwai matakai zuwa masallacin daga arewa da kudu. Manyan [[Hasumiya|minarets]] masu tsayi guda takwas {{Convert|30|m}} tsayinsu yana gefen biyu na babban ƙofar shiga &lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2009&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Central&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Champaner: Central mehrab in the Jama mosque |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002219u00060000.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005182357/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002219u00060000.html |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=29 September 2012 |publisher=Onlinegallery, British Library, UK}}&lt;/ref&gt; .  An lalata ɗaya daga cikin minarets biyu sakamakon harbin bindiga da aka yi da gangan a shekarar 1812 ta hannun Patankar, Gwamnan Scindia.  Ana ganin salon gine-gine na Gujarat a cikin siffar tagogi na oriel tare da sassaka na musamman a saman waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;Central&quot; /&gt; Rufin da aka sassaka ya ƙunshi domes da yawa, &lt;ref name=&quot;Rough2011&quot; /&gt; kuma farfajiyar tana da girma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Singh2009&quot; /&gt; Akwai mihrabs bakwai kuma ƙofofin shiga an sassaka su kuma an sanya musu kyawawan jalis na dutse.

Dakunan addu'o'i da yawa sun rabu da ginshiƙai kusan 200.  Babban zauren addu'a yana da ginshiƙai goma sha ɗaya, tare da babban kumbo, gini mai hawa biyu, wanda aka gina a kan ginshiƙai a siffar arcade. An raba zauren addu'ar mai mulki daga babban yanki ta hanyar ''jalis'' .  {{Sfn|Bombay|1879}} &lt;ref name=&quot;World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Champaner-Pavagadh |url=http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/champaner.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006154345/http://worldheritagesite.org/sites/champaner.html |archive-date=6 October 2012 |access-date=23 September 2012 |publisher=Worldheritagesite.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai wani babban gida mai hawa biyu a ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai. Sauran fasalulluka na ciki sun haɗa da allon maqsurah mai kusurwa, trabeate hypostyle ''lwan'', fikafikan gefe masu murabba'i biyu, katangar ''zanana'', da kuma rufe arewa ''[[mihrab]]'' . 

=== Filaye ===
An gina kaburbura kusa da masallacin, wanda a kowane lokaci yake da siffar murabba'i mai ginshiƙai da kumbo a kansu, sannan kuma an ƙawata shi da kayan ado. &lt;ref name=&quot;Advisory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Advisory Body Evaluation, Champaner-Pavagadh (India) No 1101 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1101.pdf |access-date=24 September 2012 |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |pages=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tankin alwala mai siffar ''kund'' mai siffar octagonal  yana kusa da ginin; ana amfani da shi don [[Girbi ruwan sama|tattara ruwan sama]] da wankewa kafin yin addu'a. Masallacin ya zama wurin ibada ga waɗanda ke neman albarka daga pir wanda aka binne a kusurwa ɗaya na lambun. 

== Wasu masallatai ==
Akwai wasu masallatai da dama a cikin wurin shakatawa na tarihi na Champaner-Pavagadh, ciki har da masallatan Bawaman, Kevada, Lila Gumbaj Ki, da Nagina .

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Ceiling_Carvings_Jami_Masjid_Champaner.JPG|alt=Ceiling fractal carvings resemble to Kalpavriksha illustration in Dilwara Jain Temple| Rubuce-rubucen sassaƙaƙƙun sassaƙaƙƙun kamar kwatancin Kalpavriksha a cikin Temple na Dilwara Jain  
Fayil:Support_system_Main_Dome_Jami_Masjid.jpg|alt=Sky light and supports of main dome| Hasken sama da goyon bayan babban dome
Fayil:Jami_Masjid_Minar_Base_Detail_Champaner.JPG|alt='Jaali' design at minar base| Tsarin 'Jaali' a ginin minar
Fayil:Two_minars_at_front_of_main_entrance_of_prayer_hall.JPG| Minarets
Fayil:Jami_masjid_Jarukha.jpg
Fayil:Jami_Masjid_Champaner_Open_Roof.jpg|alt=Open roof of the entry hall| Buɗaɗɗen rufin zauren shiga
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jama Masjid, Chanderi</title>
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'''Masallacin Jama''' [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallaci ne na Juma'a]] a Chanderi, a gundumar Ashoknagar ta jihar [[Madhya Pradesh]], Indiya.  An kammala masallacin a shekara ta 853&lt;ref name=&quot;Archnet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archnet &gt; Site &gt; Jami' Masjid of Chanderi |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/8466 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.archnet.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma wani abin tunawa ne mai muhimmanci ga ƙasa.

== Bayani ==
Masallacin yana da kumbo uku, ɗaya a kan kowace [[Bay (architecture)|bakin teku]], an kammala shi da farin marmara. Ɗakin addu'a yana da ƙofofi guda goma sha ɗaya masu baka, yayin da manyan wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na arewa da kudu suna da tara kowannensu.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Archnet2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archnet &gt; Site &gt; Jami' Masjid of Chanderi |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/8466 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.archnet.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gidan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Ornately_carved_doorway_at_Jami_Mosque.jpg|alt=Ornately carved doorway| Ƙofar da aka sassaka da kyau
Fayil:Juma_Masjid,_Chanderi.jpg|alt=The mosque in 1850, by Frederick Charles Maisey| Masallacin a shekarar 1850, na Frederick Charles Maisey
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abiodun Falodun</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Saa063</username>
        <id>43144</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345264983|Abiodun Falodun]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6115" sha1="2hj99gup14y5na8exmjsqayrx5yp55m" xml:space="preserve"> Falodun holds a [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|bachelor's degree]] in pharmacy from the University of Benin (1996). He received his [[:en:Master's_degree|master's degree]] in 2003 and his [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PhD]] in Pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of Benin in 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-03-11 |title=DVC delivers UNIBEN's 150th inaugural lecture |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/dvc-delivers-unibens-150th-inaugural-lecture/ |access-date=2019-07-20 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Abiodun Falodun''' farfesa ne a fannin ilmin sinadarai daga [[Najeriya]]. Ya kasance Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Benin]] kuma a halin yanzu Rector na Edo State Polytechnic, Usen. Gwamnan [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], [[Godwin Obaseki]] ne ya nada shi kuma ya rantsar da shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Falodun emerges new rector Edo Management Institute {{!}} Peoples Daily Newspaper |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/prof-falodun-emerges-new-rector-edo-management-institute/amp/ |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=peoplesdailyng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Falodun yana da digiri na farko a fannin magani daga Jami'ar Benin (1996). Ya sami digiri na biyu a shekara ta 2003 da kuma PhD a fannin ilmin sinadarai daga Jami'ar Benin a shekara ta 2007. 

== Ayyuka ==
Falodun ya fara ne a matsayin mataimakin malami a 1999 a Sashen Pharmacy, Jami'ar Benin . Ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a shekara ta 2011 kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta farfesa a fannin ilmin sinadarai a shekara ta 2014.

Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Chemistry na Pharmaceutical a Jami'ar Benin . Shi memba ne na Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria, Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Najeriya, Phytochemical Society of Europe, Swiss Chemical Society, da American Chemical Society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agbaka |title=Agbakanews Personalities of 2018 |url=https://agbakanews.com/2018/12/agbakanews-personalities-of-2018-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720021053/https://agbakanews.com/2018/12/agbakanews-personalities-of-2018-2/ |archive-date=2019-07-20 |access-date=2019-07-20 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Professor Abiodun Falodun, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria |url=http://www.jsppharm.org/home/pages.php?cmd=Board |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=jsppharm.org |publisher=Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar bincike ta Natural Product Research Group (NPRG) da ke da hannu a cikin keɓewar da aka jagoranta, halayyar, ƙaddamar da tsari da ingantawa ta hanyar kira na mahadi daga samfuran halitta galibi na asalin shuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof Abiodun Falodun {{!}} The AAS |url=https://old.aasciences.africa/fellow/prof-abiodun-falodun |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=old.aasciences.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya rubuta kuma ya buga ayyukan bincike da yawa, mujallu, sake dubawa da littattafai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abiodun Falodun {{!}} Bachelor of Pharmacy, MSc, PhD {{!}} University of Benin, Benin City {{!}} Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry |url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abiodun_Falodun2/amp |access-date=2019-07-22 |website=www.researchgate.net |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shi ne Babban Edita na Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prof. Abiodun Falodun |title=TJNPR {{!}} Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research |url=https://www.tjnpr.org/editorprofile.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720014941/https://www.tjnpr.org/editorprofile.aspx |archive-date=2019-07-20 |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=www.tjnpr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Index Medicus |url=http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/Journals/Journals%20datails/Tropical%20Journal%20of%20Natural%20Product%20Research.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101120332/http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/Journals/Journals%20datails/Tropical%20Journal%20of%20Natural%20Product%20Research.htm |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=indexmedicus.afro.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A halin yanzu shi ne mai tsarawa na farko, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsakiya a Jami'ar Benin . An kuma nada shi a matsayin Darakta na Makarantar Koyon nesa ta Jami'ar Benson Idahosa (BIU-DLS). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=News - Page 6 of 23 |url=https://www.biu.edu.ng/news/page/6/ |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=Benson Idahosa University |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Falodun ya kasance Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban (Academics) yana aiki tare da Mataimakin Shugaba [[Osasere Orumwense|F. F. O. Orumwense]] a Jami'ar Benin . 

A halin yanzu, shi ne Rector na Edo State Polytechnic, Usen . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Falodun emerges new rector Edo Management Institute {{!}} Peoples Daily Newspaper |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/prof-falodun-emerges-new-rector-edo-management-institute/amp/ |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=peoplesdailyng.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-06-06 |title=World Environment Day: Scholars proffer Plastic Recycling option at Edo Poly Usen |url=https://www.summit.ng/news/world-environment-day-scholars-proffer-plastic-recycling-option-at-edo-poly-usen/ |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=The Summit |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==

* Kyautar Ayyukan Kwararru ta Mayu da Baker 2007
* Fulbright Babban Masanin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jami'ar Mississippi, Amurka, 2013-2014
* Cibiyoyin Cibiyar sadarwa ta Afirka-Amurka a cikin Ruwa da Kimiyya da Fasaha na Muhalli (2011 - 2015) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prof. Abiodun Falodun |title=TJNPR {{!}} Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research |url=https://www.tjnpr.org/editorprofile.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720014941/https://www.tjnpr.org/editorprofile.aspx |archive-date=2019-07-20 |access-date=2019-07-20 |website=www.tjnpr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Falodun ya auri Ehizogie Joyce Falodun tare da 'ya'ya hudu.
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a yankin Sahara na Afirka</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:54:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sirjat</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355668708|Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5382" sha1="k3l7bmk9zlpihx5e3kyd1saksea25ys" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ruwan saman ƙasa ===
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Kogin Congo shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, yana rufe fiye da kashi 12% na nahiyar Afirka]]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a 2015 ta ruwaito cewa kusan mutane miliyan 159 suna ɗebo ruwan saman ƙasa ba tare da tsaftacewa ba daga tafkuna, koguna da rafuka a duniya. Hanyoyin ruwan saman ƙasa a Afirka sau da yawa suna da gurbatawa. Abubuwa kamar zubar da shara, gurɓatar mai, masana’antu, da sauransu. Misali, a wani bincike da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an gano manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, ciki har da zubar da sinadarai na noma, sharan birane, da gurbatar masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Isukuru |first1=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |article-number=100026 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wani bincike da aka gudanar a Madagascar, Uganda, da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan yankunan. Wadannan sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarafa masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haifar da damuwa game da tsaron ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Szopińska |first1=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |article-number=174496 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |pmid=38969115 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tasirin sauyin yanayi ===
L

Tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan zagayowar ruwa zai shafi samuwar ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi a Afirka. Misali, za a sami sauye-sauye a tsarin ruwan sama, wato yawan ruwan da zai sauka da inda zai sauka.

Ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai ƙara matsin lamba kan samuwar ruwa a Afirka, duk da haka wannan tasirin zai kasance kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abubuwa kamar yawan jama’a, bunƙasar birane, bunƙasar noma da sauyin amfani da ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability — IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa abubuwa da dama za su shafi samuwar ruwa a Afirka, sauyin yanayi zai ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Afirka. A Arewacin Afirka, sauyin yanayi na iya zama sanadin kashi 22% na ƙarancin ruwa a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Droogers |first1=P. |date=2012-09-03 |title=Water resources trends in Middle East and North Africa towards 2050 |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=3101–3114 |doi=10.5194/hess-16-3101-2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi da abubuwan tattalin arziki za su ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Kudancin Afirka yayin da zafin jiki da sauyin ruwan sama ke rage gudun ruwan koguna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kusangaya |first1=Samuel |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: A review |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=67-69 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2013.09.014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi kuma zai haifar da ƙarin matsalolin yanayi kamar fari, wanda zai fi tsawo kuma ya fi yawan faruwa a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A Gabashin Afirka, sauyin yanayi kan ruwan bai da tabbas, saboda samfurin yanayi ya nuna zai iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Ƙaruwa a zafin jiki na iya ƙara ƙonewar ruwa da rage kankara, wanda zai ƙara matsin lamba kan ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2015-12-30 |title=A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in East Africa |journal=Transactions of the ASABE |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1493–1507 |doi=10.13031/trans.58.10907}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ana sa ran ƙaruwa a ƙarfin ruwan sama wanda zai ƙara gudun ruwan koguna a yankin Kogin Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding future river flows in Lake Victoria Basin |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/news/understanding-future-river-flows-in-lake-victoria-basin/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin jinsi da ruwa ===
A duk fadin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan tsafta yana da ƙalubale, musamman ga mata, waɗanda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa ga gidajensu. Wani bincike a karkarar Zimbabwe ya nuna cewa mata suna yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita 4 kowace rana don ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chigusiwa |first1=Lloyd |date=February 2023 |title=Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls? |journal=Review of Development Economics |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=178–197 |doi=10.1111/rode.12944}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin fari, waɗannan tafiyoyi suna ƙaruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Fari kuma yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali a wuraren ɗebo ruwa, wanda ya fi shafar mata. Don rage haɗarin tafiya mai nisa da tashin hankali, an ba da shawarar a saka jari a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa kusa da gidaje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin samun ruwa yana da alaƙa da raguwar lafiyar mata da ƙarancin lokacin hutu, saboda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa. Binciken ya nuna cewa kowace ƙarin awa da aka kashe wajen ɗebo ruwa, yana rage yawan mata da ke jin lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="11345" sha1="37n9rm52pn2ae9fd981w2uzhmjbpam8" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ruwan saman ƙasa ===
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Kogin Congo shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, yana rufe fiye da kashi 12% na nahiyar Afirka]]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a 2015 ta ruwaito cewa kusan mutane miliyan 159 suna ɗebo ruwan saman ƙasa ba tare da tsaftacewa ba daga tafkuna, koguna da rafuka a duniya. Hanyoyin ruwan saman ƙasa a Afirka sau da yawa suna da gurbatawa. Abubuwa kamar zubar da shara, gurɓatar mai, masana’antu, da sauransu. Misali, a wani bincike da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an gano manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, ciki har da zubar da sinadarai na noma, sharan birane, da gurbatar masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Isukuru |first1=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |article-number=100026 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wani bincike da aka gudanar a Madagascar, Uganda, da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan yankunan. Wadannan sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarafa masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haifar da damuwa game da tsaron ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Szopińska |first1=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |article-number=174496 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |pmid=38969115 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tasirin sauyin yanayi ===
Tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan zagayowar ruwa zai shafi samuwar ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi a Afirka. Misali, za a sami sauye-sauye a tsarin ruwan sama, wato yawan ruwan da zai sauka da inda zai sauka.

Ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai ƙara matsin lamba kan samuwar ruwa a Afirka, duk da haka wannan tasirin zai kasance kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abubuwa kamar yawan jama’a, bunƙasar birane, bunƙasar noma da sauyin amfani da ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability — IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa abubuwa da dama za su shafi samuwar ruwa a Afirka, sauyin yanayi zai ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Afirka. A Arewacin Afirka, sauyin yanayi na iya zama sanadin kashi 22% na ƙarancin ruwa a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Droogers |first1=P. |date=2012-09-03 |title=Water resources trends in Middle East and North Africa towards 2050 |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=3101–3114 |doi=10.5194/hess-16-3101-2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi da abubuwan tattalin arziki za su ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Kudancin Afirka yayin da zafin jiki da sauyin ruwan sama ke rage gudun ruwan koguna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kusangaya |first1=Samuel |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: A review |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=67-69 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2013.09.014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi kuma zai haifar da ƙarin matsalolin yanayi kamar fari, wanda zai fi tsawo kuma ya fi yawan faruwa a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A Gabashin Afirka, sauyin yanayi kan ruwan bai da tabbas, saboda samfurin yanayi ya nuna zai iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Ƙaruwa a zafin jiki na iya ƙara ƙonewar ruwa da rage kankara, wanda zai ƙara matsin lamba kan ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2015-12-30 |title=A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in East Africa |journal=Transactions of the ASABE |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1493–1507 |doi=10.13031/trans.58.10907}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ana sa ran ƙaruwa a ƙarfin ruwan sama wanda zai ƙara gudun ruwan koguna a yankin Kogin Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding future river flows in Lake Victoria Basin |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/news/understanding-future-river-flows-in-lake-victoria-basin/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin jinsi da ruwa ===
A duk fadin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan tsafta yana da ƙalubale, musamman ga mata, waɗanda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa ga gidajensu. Wani bincike a karkarar Zimbabwe ya nuna cewa mata suna yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita 4 kowace rana don ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chigusiwa |first1=Lloyd |date=February 2023 |title=Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls? |journal=Review of Development Economics |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=178–197 |doi=10.1111/rode.12944}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin fari, waɗannan tafiyoyi suna ƙaruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Fari kuma yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali a wuraren ɗebo ruwa, wanda ya fi shafar mata. Don rage haɗarin tafiya mai nisa da tashin hankali, an ba da shawarar a saka jari a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa kusa da gidaje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin samun ruwa yana da alaƙa da raguwar lafiyar mata da ƙarancin lokacin hutu, saboda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa. Binciken ya nuna cewa kowace ƙarin awa da aka kashe wajen ɗebo ruwa, yana rage yawan mata da ke jin lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ruwan saman ƙasa ===
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Kogin Congo shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, yana rufe fiye da kashi 12% na nahiyar Afirka]]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a 2015 ta ruwaito cewa kusan mutane miliyan 159 suna ɗebo ruwan saman ƙasa ba tare da tsaftacewa ba daga tafkuna, koguna da rafuka a duniya. Hanyoyin ruwan saman ƙasa a Afirka sau da yawa suna da gurbatawa. Abubuwa kamar zubar da shara, gurɓatar mai, masana’antu, da sauransu. Misali, a wani bincike da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an gano manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, ciki har da zubar da sinadarai na noma, sharan birane, da gurbatar masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Isukuru |first1=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |article-number=100026 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wani bincike da aka gudanar a Madagascar, Uganda, da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan yankunan. Wadannan sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarafa masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haifar da damuwa game da tsaron ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Szopińska |first1=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |article-number=174496 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |pmid=38969115 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tasirin sauyin yanayi ===
Tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan zagayowar ruwa zai shafi samuwar ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi a Afirka. Misali, za a sami sauye-sauye a tsarin ruwan sama, wato yawan ruwan da zai sauka da inda zai sauka.

Ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai ƙara matsin lamba kan samuwar ruwa a Afirka, duk da haka wannan tasirin zai kasance kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abubuwa kamar yawan jama’a, bunƙasar birane, bunƙasar noma da sauyin amfani da ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability — IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa abubuwa da dama za su shafi samuwar ruwa a Afirka, sauyin yanayi zai ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Afirka. A Arewacin Afirka, sauyin yanayi na iya zama sanadin kashi 22% na ƙarancin ruwa a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Droogers |first1=P. |date=2012-09-03 |title=Water resources trends in Middle East and North Africa towards 2050 |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=3101–3114 |doi=10.5194/hess-16-3101-2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi da abubuwan tattalin arziki za su ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Kudancin Afirka yayin da zafin jiki da sauyin ruwan sama ke rage gudun ruwan koguna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kusangaya |first1=Samuel |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: A review |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=67-69 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2013.09.014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi kuma zai haifar da ƙarin matsalolin yanayi kamar fari, wanda zai fi tsawo kuma ya fi yawan faruwa a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A Gabashin Afirka, sauyin yanayi kan ruwan bai da tabbas, saboda samfurin yanayi ya nuna zai iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Ƙaruwa a zafin jiki na iya ƙara ƙonewar ruwa da rage kankara, wanda zai ƙara matsin lamba kan ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2015-12-30 |title=A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in East Africa |journal=Transactions of the ASABE |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1493–1507 |doi=10.13031/trans.58.10907}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ana sa ran ƙaruwa a ƙarfin ruwan sama wanda zai ƙara gudun ruwan koguna a yankin Kogin Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding future river flows in Lake Victoria Basin |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/news/understanding-future-river-flows-in-lake-victoria-basin/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin jinsi da ruwa ===
A duk fadin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan tsafta yana da ƙalubale, musamman ga mata, waɗanda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa ga gidajensu. Wani bincike a karkarar Zimbabwe ya nuna cewa mata suna yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita 4 kowace rana don ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chigusiwa |first1=Lloyd |date=February 2023 |title=Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls? |journal=Review of Development Economics |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=178–197 |doi=10.1111/rode.12944}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin fari, waɗannan tafiyoyi suna ƙaruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Fari kuma yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali a wuraren ɗebo ruwa, wanda ya fi shafar mata. Don rage haɗarin tafiya mai nisa da tashin hankali, an ba da shawarar a saka jari a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa kusa da gidaje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin samun ruwa yana da alaƙa da raguwar lafiyar mata da ƙarancin lokacin hutu, saboda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa. Binciken ya nuna cewa kowace ƙarin awa da aka kashe wajen ɗebo ruwa, yana rage yawan mata da ke jin lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Samun dama ==

=== Yanayin gaba ɗaya ===
Image:Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa.png|thumb|550px|Samun ingantaccen ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli, a ƙasashe 7 na Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, daga 1990 zuwa 2008. Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (2010)

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara samun damar ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli ya inganta, amma yankin yana baya idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna masu tasowa: samun ruwan sha mai aminci ya ƙaru daga kashi 49% a 1990 zuwa 60% a 2008, yayin da samun tsabtace muhalli ya ƙaru daga kashi 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokaci. Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara ba ta cika burin Millennium Development Goals na rage rabin yawan jama’a da ba su da ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabtace muhalli tsakanin 1990 da 2015 ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt;

Wannan yanayin na ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiya: mace-macen yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar sun ragu a duniya, amma Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara ta nuna ci gaba mafi jinkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN-WATER&quot;&gt;UN-WATER (2009) The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.[http://www.unwater.org WWR 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;

Manufofin da aka sa a ƙarƙashin Sustainable Development Goals a 2015 sun bambanta da Millennium Development Goals, inda aka raba rahoton ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli daban-daban – wato, burin samun ruwan sha mai aminci da arha (burin 6.1) da kuma samun tsabtace muhalli da daidaito (burin 6.2).&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Roche |first1=Rachel |last2=Bain |first2=Robert |last3=Cumming |first3=Oliver |date=9 February 2017 |title=A long way to go – Estimates of combined water, sanitation and hygiene coverage for 25 sub-Saharan African countries |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=2 |article-number=e0171783 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0171783 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5300760 |pmid=28182796 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, SDG6 ya mayar da hankali wajen tabbatar da samun ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot; /&gt; SDGs sun kuma haɗa da rahoton tsabtace jiki, wanda ba ya cikin MDGs. Samun wuraren tsabtace jiki ya kasance babban ƙalubale wajen cimma burin SDG, inda ya rage samun dama a SSA daga kashi 19.7% zuwa 4.4% (bayanan 2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot; /&gt;

A 2020, kashi 65% na al’ummar duniya suna amfani da ruwan bututu (83% birane da 42% karkara).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Grasham |first1=Catherine Fallon |date=2022 |title=Equitable urban water security: beyond connections on premises |journal=Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability |volume=2 |issue=4 |page=045011 |doi=10.1088/2634-4505/ac9c8d |issn=2634-4505|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan bututu yana ƙididdige a matsayin ingantaccen tushen ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000–2022: special focus on gender. UNICEF &amp; WHO, 2023&lt;/ref&gt; A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, kashi 35% ne kawai ke amfani da ruwan bututu (56% birane da 20% karkara). Samun ruwan sha mai aminci yana bambanta tsakanin manyan birane da ƙananan garuruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Dangane da WASH (ruwa, tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace jiki) a makarantu, bayanan 2019 sun nuna cewa “Afirka ta bayar da rahoton samun WASH a makarantu da kashi 44% na ruwan sha, 47% tsabtace muhalli da 26% tsabtace jiki”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Hope, R. et al. (2021). Delivering safely-managed water to schools in Kenya. REACH Working Paper 8, University of Oxford, UK.&lt;/ref&gt; Yara a makarantu na karkara suna da ƙarancin samun WASH fiye da na birane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ƙarancin samun ruwan tsafta yana shafar yara ta hanyoyi da dama. Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin ruwa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin halartar makaranta. Haka kuma, ƙarancin ruwa da itacen girki yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin nasarar karatu, inda aka lura da tasiri a sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na lissafi da Turanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambance-bambancen ƙasa ===
Akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara. Samun ruwan sha mai aminci ya bambanta daga kashi 38% a Ethiopia zuwa 91% a Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da samun tsabtace muhalli ya bambanta daga kashi 11% a Burkina Faso zuwa 77% a Afirka ta Kudu. A Ivory Coast, yanayin ya fi kyau, inda samun ruwan sha mai inganci ya kai kashi 82%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Improved water source (% of population with access)|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.H2O.SAFE.ZS|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=20 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambance-bambancen birane da karkara ===
File:Urban and rural piped water coverage in Africa and Asia in 2015.jpg|thumb|Samun ruwan bututu a karkara da birane a Afirka da Asiya a 2015: Samun ruwan bututu a karkara na Afirka ya kasance ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da birane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hope |first1=Rob |date=2020 |title=Rethinking the economics of rural water in Africa |journal=Oxford Review of Economic Policy |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=171–190 |doi=10.1093/oxrep/grz036}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A yankin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli a birane ya ninka na karkara, duka ga ruwa (83% birane, 47% karkara) da tsabtace muhalli (44% vs. 24%). Duk da haka, yankunan karkara suna inganta da sauri, yayin da a birane, ci gaban tsarin ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ba ya iya bin saurin ƙaruwa na yawan jama’a.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt;

=== Fassarori daban-daban na samun dama ===
Ya kamata a lura cewa ma’anar “samun dama” da “ingantacce” ba su da ma’ana guda. Ma’anar da WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program ke amfani da shi ba lallai ya dace da na sauran bincike ko manufofin ƙasa ba. Misali, gwamnatin Burkina Faso tana la’akari da abubuwa kamar lokacin jira da ingancin ruwa. A zahiri, kusan rabin gidajen Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara da WHO/UNICEF ke cewa suna da “samun ingantaccen ruwan sha”, suna kashe fiye da rabin awa a rana wajen ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt; Duk da cewa wannan asarar lokaci an ambata a rahoton WHO/UNICEF, ba ta shafi bambancin “ingantacce” da “ba ingantacce” ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Africa_water_challege.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|A kasashe da yawa a Afirka, gwangwani da ake amfani da su don jigilar ruwa da adana ruwa zaɓi ne mai kyau don adanawa mai aminci]]
Kodayake samun damar samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka yana ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, yankin har yanzu yana bayan duk sauran yankuna masu tasowa. Samun damar [[Ingantaccen tushen ruwa|ingantaccen samar da ruwa]] ya karu daga 49% a 1990 zuwa 68% a 2015, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; yayin da samun damar ingantaccen [[Tsabtace Yanayi|tsabtace muhalli]] ya karu daga 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokacin. Afirka ta kudu da Sahara ba ta cika Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 1990-2015) na rage rabin yawan jama'a ba tare da samun damar samun ruwan sha mai kyau da tsabta tsakanin 1990 da 2015. Har yanzu akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, da kuma tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara. 

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani a cikin birane da ƙananan hukumomi ko ƙungiyoyin al'umma a yankunan karkara. Cibiyoyin sadarwar ruwa ba na kowa ba ne kuma [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]] ba na kowa bane. Tsabtacewar sau da yawa tana cikin nau'ikan bayan gida ko bayan gidaje. Kashi 70% na saka hannun jari a samar da ruwa da tsabta a yankin Sahara na Afirka ana samun kudi a ciki kuma kashi 30% ne kawai ake samun kudi daga waje (2001-2005 matsakaici). Yawancin kudaden cikin gida shine kudaden gida ($ 2.1bn), wanda shine da farko don tsabtace wuri kamar latrines. Kudin bangaren jama'a ($ 1.2bn) kusan daidai yake da kudade na waje (US $ 1.4bn). Gudummawar kudaden kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba su da mahimmanci a dala miliyan 10 kawai.

== Ma'adanai na ruwa ==
[[Fayil:Sub-Saharan_Africa_definition_UN.png|thumb|Taswirar [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka ta kudu da Sahara]].]]

=== Ruwa na kasa ===
[[Fayil:Communal_tap_(standpost)_for_drinking_water_in_Soweto,_Johannesburg,_South_Africa_(2941729790).jpg|thumb|Tushen jama'a (standpost) don ruwan sha a Soweto, Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu. Mayu 2005]]
Ruwa mai zurfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye samar da ruwa da hanyoyin rayuwa a yankin Saharar Afirka musamman saboda yawan wadatarta, inganci mai girma, da kuma ikon da za a iya magance abubuwan da suka faru na fari da karuwar canjin yanayi.

Duk da haka akwai iyakantaccen tushe don samar da ruwa mai tsabta a Afirka, daya daga cikin binciken binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 40% na 'yan Afirka suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha, musamman a kasashen Arewa da Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa &quot;Water in Africa&quot;]. ''African Studies Centre Leiden''. 2012-03-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-11-26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Xu |first=Yongxin |last2=Seward |first2=Paul |last3=Gaye |first3=Cheikh |last4=Lin |first4=Lixiang |last5=Olago |first5=Daniel O. |date=2019-05-01 |title=Preface: Groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Hydrogeology Journal |language=en |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=815–822 |bibcode=2019HydJ...27..815X |doi=10.1007/s10040-019-01977-2 |issn=1435-0157 |s2cid=149570011 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=MacDonald |first=A M |last2=Bonsor |first2=H C |last3=Dochartaigh |first3=B É Ó |last4=Taylor |first4=R G |date=2012-06-01 |title=Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=7 |issue=2 |bibcode=2012ERL.....7b4009M |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwa mai bututu har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin tushen ruwan sha (39%) a cikin birane, duk da haka ramuka suna zama mafi mahimmanci (24%). &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-19 |title=Water in Africa |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/water-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=African Studies Centre Leiden |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; WHO (2006) ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 2004, kashi 16% ne kawai na mutanen da ke yankin Sahara na samun damar samun ruwan sha ta hanyar haɗin gida (tambayar cikin gida ko famfo a cikin yadi). Ko da lokacin da akwai ruwa a cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai rashin samun ruwa mai sauƙi, saboda akwai haɗarin gurɓata saboda dalilai da yawa. Abubuwa irin su rashin kulawa saboda iyakantaccen albarkatun kuɗi, gurɓataccen tsabtace jiki wani lokacin saboda iyakancewar albarkatun kudi. Lokacin da aka gina rijiyoyi kuma aka haɓaka wuraren tsabtace ruwa, wani lokacin ba a yin gwajin ingancin ruwa sau da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma rashin ilimi tsakanin mutanen da ke amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water In Crisis - Spotlight Africa: Rural and Urban Issues |url=https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=The Water Project |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ruwan saman ƙasa ===
[[File:Congobasinmap.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Kogin Congo shi ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, yana rufe fiye da kashi 12% na nahiyar Afirka]]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a 2015 ta ruwaito cewa kusan mutane miliyan 159 suna ɗebo ruwan saman ƙasa ba tare da tsaftacewa ba daga tafkuna, koguna da rafuka a duniya. Hanyoyin ruwan saman ƙasa a Afirka sau da yawa suna da gurbatawa. Abubuwa kamar zubar da shara, gurɓatar mai, masana’antu, da sauransu. Misali, a wani bincike da aka gudanar a Najeriya, an gano manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye, ciki har da zubar da sinadarai na noma, sharan birane, da gurbatar masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Isukuru |first1=Efe Jeffery |last2=Opha |first2=James Odafe |last3=Isaiah |first3=Obaro Wilson |last4=Orovwighose |first4=Blessing |last5=Emmanuel |first5=Stephen Sunday |date=2024-12-01 |title=Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality |journal=Cleaner Water |volume=2 |article-number=100026 |doi=10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100026 |issn=2950-2632|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wani bincike da aka gudanar a Madagascar, Uganda, da Rwanda, masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin ruwan yankunan. Wadannan sun haɗa da E. coli, nitrates, da ƙarafa masu nauyi. Duk waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa sun haifar da damuwa game da tsaron ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Szopińska |first1=Małgorzata |last2=Artichowicz |first2=Wojciech |last3=Szumińska |first3=Danuta |last4=Kasprowicz |first4=Daniel |last5=Polkowska |first5=Żaneta |last6=Fudala-Ksiazek |first6=Sylwia |last7=Luczkiewicz |first7=Aneta |date=2024-10-15 |title=Drinking water safety evaluation in the selected sub-Saharan African countries: A case study of Madagascar, Uganda and Rwanda |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=947 |article-number=174496 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174496 |pmid=38969115 |bibcode=2024ScTEn.94774496S |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tasirin sauyin yanayi ===
Tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan zagayowar ruwa zai shafi samuwar ruwan da mutane ke amfani da shi a Afirka. Misali, za a sami sauye-sauye a tsarin ruwan sama, wato yawan ruwan da zai sauka da inda zai sauka.

Ana sa ran sauyin yanayi zai ƙara matsin lamba kan samuwar ruwa a Afirka, duk da haka wannan tasirin zai kasance kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abubuwa kamar yawan jama’a, bunƙasar birane, bunƙasar noma da sauyin amfani da ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability — IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa abubuwa da dama za su shafi samuwar ruwa a Afirka, sauyin yanayi zai ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Afirka. A Arewacin Afirka, sauyin yanayi na iya zama sanadin kashi 22% na ƙarancin ruwa a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Droogers |first1=P. |date=2012-09-03 |title=Water resources trends in Middle East and North Africa towards 2050 |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=3101–3114 |doi=10.5194/hess-16-3101-2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi da abubuwan tattalin arziki za su ƙara ƙarancin ruwa a Kudancin Afirka yayin da zafin jiki da sauyin ruwan sama ke rage gudun ruwan koguna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kusangaya |first1=Samuel |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: A review |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=67-69 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2013.09.014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauyin yanayi kuma zai haifar da ƙarin matsalolin yanayi kamar fari, wanda zai fi tsawo kuma ya fi yawan faruwa a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

A Gabashin Afirka, sauyin yanayi kan ruwan bai da tabbas, saboda samfurin yanayi ya nuna zai iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Ƙaruwa a zafin jiki na iya ƙara ƙonewar ruwa da rage kankara, wanda zai ƙara matsin lamba kan ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2015-12-30 |title=A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in East Africa |journal=Transactions of the ASABE |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1493–1507 |doi=10.13031/trans.58.10907}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, ana sa ran ƙaruwa a ƙarfin ruwan sama wanda zai ƙara gudun ruwan koguna a yankin Kogin Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding future river flows in Lake Victoria Basin |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/news/understanding-future-river-flows-in-lake-victoria-basin/ |access-date=2020-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambancin jinsi da ruwa ===
A duk fadin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan tsafta yana da ƙalubale, musamman ga mata, waɗanda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa ga gidajensu. Wani bincike a karkarar Zimbabwe ya nuna cewa mata suna yin tafiya mai nisan kilomita 4 kowace rana don ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chigusiwa |first1=Lloyd |date=February 2023 |title=Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls? |journal=Review of Development Economics |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=178–197 |doi=10.1111/rode.12944}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin fari, waɗannan tafiyoyi suna ƙaruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa. Fari kuma yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali a wuraren ɗebo ruwa, wanda ya fi shafar mata. Don rage haɗarin tafiya mai nisa da tashin hankali, an ba da shawarar a saka jari a cikin tsarin samar da ruwa kusa da gidaje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin samun ruwa yana da alaƙa da raguwar lafiyar mata da ƙarancin lokacin hutu, saboda su ne ke ɗaukar nauyin samo ruwa. Binciken ya nuna cewa kowace ƙarin awa da aka kashe wajen ɗebo ruwa, yana rage yawan mata da ke jin lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Samun dama ==

=== Yanayin gaba ɗaya ===
Image:Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa.png|thumb|550px|Samun ingantaccen ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli, a ƙasashe 7 na Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, daga 1990 zuwa 2008. Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (2010)

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara samun damar ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli ya inganta, amma yankin yana baya idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna masu tasowa: samun ruwan sha mai aminci ya ƙaru daga kashi 49% a 1990 zuwa 60% a 2008, yayin da samun tsabtace muhalli ya ƙaru daga kashi 28% zuwa 31% a wannan lokaci. Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara ba ta cika burin Millennium Development Goals na rage rabin yawan jama’a da ba su da ruwan sha mai aminci da tsabtace muhalli tsakanin 1990 da 2015 ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt;

Wannan yanayin na ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiya: mace-macen yara ƙasa da shekaru biyar sun ragu a duniya, amma Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara ta nuna ci gaba mafi jinkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;UN-WATER&quot;&gt;UN-WATER (2009) The United Nations World Water Development Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.[http://www.unwater.org WWR 2009]&lt;/ref&gt;

Manufofin da aka sa a ƙarƙashin Sustainable Development Goals a 2015 sun bambanta da Millennium Development Goals, inda aka raba rahoton ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli daban-daban – wato, burin samun ruwan sha mai aminci da arha (burin 6.1) da kuma samun tsabtace muhalli da daidaito (burin 6.2).&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Roche |first1=Rachel |last2=Bain |first2=Robert |last3=Cumming |first3=Oliver |date=9 February 2017 |title=A long way to go – Estimates of combined water, sanitation and hygiene coverage for 25 sub-Saharan African countries |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=2 |article-number=e0171783 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0171783 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5300760 |pmid=28182796 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musamman, SDG6 ya mayar da hankali wajen tabbatar da samun ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot; /&gt; SDGs sun kuma haɗa da rahoton tsabtace jiki, wanda ba ya cikin MDGs. Samun wuraren tsabtace jiki ya kasance babban ƙalubale wajen cimma burin SDG, inda ya rage samun dama a SSA daga kashi 19.7% zuwa 4.4% (bayanan 2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;Roche et al 2017&quot; /&gt;

A 2020, kashi 65% na al’ummar duniya suna amfani da ruwan bututu (83% birane da 42% karkara).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Grasham |first1=Catherine Fallon |date=2022 |title=Equitable urban water security: beyond connections on premises |journal=Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability |volume=2 |issue=4 |page=045011 |doi=10.1088/2634-4505/ac9c8d |issn=2634-4505|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan bututu yana ƙididdige a matsayin ingantaccen tushen ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000–2022: special focus on gender. UNICEF &amp; WHO, 2023&lt;/ref&gt; A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, kashi 35% ne kawai ke amfani da ruwan bututu (56% birane da 20% karkara). Samun ruwan sha mai aminci yana bambanta tsakanin manyan birane da ƙananan garuruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Dangane da WASH (ruwa, tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace jiki) a makarantu, bayanan 2019 sun nuna cewa “Afirka ta bayar da rahoton samun WASH a makarantu da kashi 44% na ruwan sha, 47% tsabtace muhalli da 26% tsabtace jiki”.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Hope, R. et al. (2021). Delivering safely-managed water to schools in Kenya. REACH Working Paper 8, University of Oxford, UK.&lt;/ref&gt; Yara a makarantu na karkara suna da ƙarancin samun WASH fiye da na birane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ƙarancin samun ruwan tsafta yana shafar yara ta hanyoyi da dama. Wani bincike a Ghana ya nuna cewa ƙarancin ruwa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin halartar makaranta. Haka kuma, ƙarancin ruwa da itacen girki yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin nasarar karatu, inda aka lura da tasiri a sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na lissafi da Turanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lambon-Quayefio |first=Monica P. |date=January 2024 |title=Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=365–397 |doi=10.1002/jid.3818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambance-bambancen ƙasa ===
Akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara. Samun ruwan sha mai aminci ya bambanta daga kashi 38% a Ethiopia zuwa 91% a Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da samun tsabtace muhalli ya bambanta daga kashi 11% a Burkina Faso zuwa 77% a Afirka ta Kudu. A Ivory Coast, yanayin ya fi kyau, inda samun ruwan sha mai inganci ya kai kashi 82%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Improved water source (% of population with access)|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.H2O.SAFE.ZS|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=20 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bambance-bambancen birane da karkara ===
File:Urban and rural piped water coverage in Africa and Asia in 2015.jpg|thumb|Samun ruwan bututu a karkara da birane a Afirka da Asiya a 2015: Samun ruwan bututu a karkara na Afirka ya kasance ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da birane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hope |first1=Rob |date=2020 |title=Rethinking the economics of rural water in Africa |journal=Oxford Review of Economic Policy |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=171–190 |doi=10.1093/oxrep/grz036}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A yankin Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, samun ruwan sha da tsabtace muhalli a birane ya ninka na karkara, duka ga ruwa (83% birane, 47% karkara) da tsabtace muhalli (44% vs. 24%). Duk da haka, yankunan karkara suna inganta da sauri, yayin da a birane, ci gaban tsarin ruwa da tsabtace muhalli ba ya iya bin saurin ƙaruwa na yawan jama’a.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt;

=== Fassarori daban-daban na samun dama ===
Ya kamata a lura cewa ma’anar “samun dama” da “ingantacce” ba su da ma’ana guda. Ma’anar da WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program ke amfani da shi ba lallai ya dace da na sauran bincike ko manufofin ƙasa ba. Misali, gwamnatin Burkina Faso tana la’akari da abubuwa kamar lokacin jira da ingancin ruwa. A zahiri, kusan rabin gidajen Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara da WHO/UNICEF ke cewa suna da “samun ingantaccen ruwan sha”, suna kashe fiye da rabin awa a rana wajen ɗebo ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;JMP&quot; /&gt; Duk da cewa wannan asarar lokaci an ambata a rahoton WHO/UNICEF, ba ta shafi bambancin “ingantacce” da “ba ingantacce” ba.

== Masu ruwa da tsaki na ƙasa a samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ==
Tun daga shekarun 1990 kusan dukkan ƙasashen Afirka sun fara sauya ikon siyasa daga cibiyar gwamnati zuwa hukumomin ƙananan yankuna: a Mali ya fara a 1993, a Habasha a 1995, a Ruwanda a 2002, a Burkina Faso a 2004, ... Tare da wannan tsarin sauya ikon, an aiwatar da gyare-gyare a fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Tsarin hukumomin da suka fito daga wannan gyara ya bambanta a duk faɗin nahiyar. Ana iya yin bambance-bambance guda biyu.

Na farko shi ne tsakanin nauyin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a (i) birane da (ii) ƙauyuka. Yawancin gwamnatoci sun kafa kamfanonin gwamnati masu zaman kansu don samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a birane. A ƙauyuka, nauyin yawanci yana hannun ƙananan hukumomi, ƙungiyoyin al’umma, ko kamfanonin masu zaman kansu na yankin. Aikin gwamnatin tarayya yawanci ya takaita ne wajen saita manufofi da ƙa’idojin ƙasa na samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli.

Na biyu shi ne, dangane da birane, akwai bambanci tsakanin ƙasashen da suka bar kamfani guda na ƙasa yana aiki a dukkan biranen ƙasar (yawanci ƙasashen Faransanci), da sauran ƙasashen (yawanci na Ingilishi) da suka ƙara sauya kamfanonin zuwa yankuna daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2008&quot;&gt;Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) (2008). Ebbing Water, Surging Deficits: Urban Water Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa. AICD Background Paper 12. Washington: World Bank.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Birane ===
A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an ƙara ba da ikon gudanar da samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli na birane ga sabbin kamfanoni da aka ƙirƙira. A wasu lokuta waɗannan kamfanonin suna samar da wutar lantarki ma. Yawancin su an mayar da su kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, wato suna kwaikwayon kamfanoni masu zaman kansu wajen aiki da samun kuɗi. Duk da haka, suna bambanta sosai wajen matsayin doka da tsarin mallaka.

An yi fatan cewa, ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, za su iya zama masu dorewa a kasuwanci kuma su jawo jarin masu zaman kansu. Kusan rabin ƙasashen Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara sun gwada shiga masu zaman kansu a harkar kamfanoni tun daga farkon shekarun 1990, wanda Bankin Duniya ya tallafa sosai. Kwarewar da aka samu daga waɗannan kwangilolin masu zaman kansu ta bambanta. Wasu sun inganta aiki, amma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku sun ƙare kafin lokacin da aka tsara, kamar yadda ya faru a Dar es-Salaam a Tanzaniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2010&quot;&gt;Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) (2010). Africa's Infrastructure: a Time for Transformation. Washington: World Bank.&lt;/ref&gt;

A yau kusan rabin kamfanonin suna mallakar gwamnati ne gaba ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2008&quot; /&gt; Misali a Senegal inda shiga masu zaman kansu ya yi nasara: haya da gudanar da hanyar ruwan ya ƙara inganci sosai kuma ya taimaka wajen ƙara samun ruwa. Senegal ta samu tallafin kuɗi daga waje don tsarin tace ruwa da rarrabawa, ciki har da rancen €64.5 miliyan daga Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai da kuma tallafin €5.55 miliyan daga Tarayyar Turai a 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref /&gt; Wannan tallafin zai taimaka wajen samar da haɗin ruwa ga dubban jama’a a ƙasar. Baya ga Senegal, masu zaman kansu har yanzu suna da rawar takawa a Afirka ta Kudu, Kamaru, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Mozambique, Nijar da Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2010&quot; /&gt; A Uganda da Burkina Faso kamfanonin gwamnati na ƙasa sun ƙarfafa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na ɗan lokaci da masu zaman kansu.

Kamfanonin ba sa iya kai ga dukkan gidaje a yankunansu. Adadin gidajen da ba su da haɗin ruwa ya bambanta daga sama da 80% a ƙasashe masu talauci kamar Uganda, Mozambique, Ruwanda, Nijeriya, da Madagascar, zuwa 21% a Namibiya da 12% a Afirka ta Kudu.

Wasu kamfanonin suna da alhakin samar da ruwa kawai, yayin da wasu kuma suna da alhakin tsaftar muhalli. Wasu kamfanonin ƙasa, musamman a ƙasashen Faransanci, suna samar da wutar lantarki ma. Wannan yana faruwa a Gabon, Mauritania da Ruwanda.

Ƙaruwar birane da yawan jama’a a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara sun ƙara wahalar da samar da ruwan bututu, musamman a yankunan marasa tsari da unguwanni. Bayanai daga UNICEF (2023)&lt;ref /&gt; sun nuna cewa duk da ƙaruwa a samun ruwan da aka inganta, adadin gidajen da ke da haɗin bututun ruwa yana raguwa. Yawancin gidaje suna dogara da madadin hanyoyin ruwa kamar rijiyoyi da masu sayar da ruwa.&lt;ref /&gt;

=== Ƙauyuka ===
Nauyin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙauyuka yawanci an sauya shi zuwa ƙananan hukumomi: su ne ke ƙayyade bukatun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da kuma tsara ababen more rayuwa bisa dokokin ƙasa. Wasu gwamnatocin tarayya sun ƙirƙiri asusun zamantakewa na ƙasa (tare da tallafin masu bayar da gudummawa) wanda ƙananan hukumomi ke amfani da shi wajen gina ababen more rayuwa na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Duk da cewa ƙananan hukumomi yawanci suna mallakar ababen more rayuwa, ba su da ikon gudanar da su kai tsaye. Ana ba da wannan aiki ga ƙungiyoyin al’umma ko kamfanonin masu zaman kansu. Nazarin Bankin Duniya da wasu sun nuna bukatar ƙarin kulawa ga masu zaman kansu wajen gudanar da dukkan nau’o’in samar da ruwa a ƙauyuka.&lt;ref /&gt;

A Kenya, Tanzaniya da Afirka ta Kudu, kamfanoni suna ba da sabis ga mazauna ƙauyuka ma, duk da haka akwai tsarin daban-daban a ƙauyuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;AICD2008&quot; /&gt; A Ruwanda, masu zaman kansu na yankin suna da yawa a ƙauyuka. Yawancin ƙasashe suna taka rawa wajen gina ababen more rayuwa (yawanci rijiyoyi). Wasu ƙasashe suna gwada hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ta kai, inda yawancin kuɗin saka jari na tsarin sauƙi ke fitowa daga masu amfani.&lt;ref /&gt; Wannan tsarin yana cikin manufofin ƙasa a Habasha kuma an aiwatar da shi a Zimbabwe a baya.&lt;ref /&gt;

Samar da kuɗin cikin gida yana tallafawa ruwan sha a ƙauyuka a Afirka amma yana fuskantar barazana daga yanayin ruwan sama da yadda ake amfani da ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Akwai shaidar cewa nazarin yanayin ruwan sama na iya taimaka wajen tsara kuɗin ruwan bututu a ƙauyuka ta hanyar ba da haske kan yadda ake buƙatar ruwa da kuma nuna inda sauyin yanayi zai iya ƙara dogaro da sabis mai dorewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar wutar lantarki ta Cambambe</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334915490|Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Cambambe''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a fadin [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Cuanza Norte da Lardin Bengo a [[Angola]] . Bayan gyarawa da fadadawa, ƙarfin ƙarni na wannan shigarwa shine {{Convert|960|MW}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a Cambambe, Angola, kimanin kilomita 198 (123  ta hanyar kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a kasar. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki sune:09°45'12.0&quot;S, 14°28'51.0&quot;E (Latitude:-9.753333; Longitude:14.480833). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ginin madatsar ruwan Cambambe 1 ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1959, kuma an kammala shi a 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Macauhub |date=30 June 2016 |title=Plant II of the Cambambe dam in Angola goes into operation |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708105207/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Macauhub.com.mo |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda lalacewa da fashewa da rashin kulawa, a shekara ta 2002, fitarwa ya fadi daga 180 megawatts zuwa kusan 80 megawatts.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010&quot;&gt;Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html &quot;The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa&quot;]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, Kamfanin National de Electricidade ya hayar da wata kungiya da ta hada da Odebrecht, Voith, Alstom, da Engevix don aiwatar da aikin gyarawa, fadadawa, da sabunta madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki. Aikin ya haɗa da tsawaita tsarin da mita 30, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gruner AG |url=https://www.gruner.ch/en/references/cambambe-arch-dam |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.gruner.ch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabuntawa na raka'a masu samar da Cambambe 1, maye gurbin turbines na 45 MW guda huɗu tare da turbines hudu na 65 MW, da kuma gina sabon shuka, wanda ake kira Cambambe 2, tare da raka'a huɗu masu samar da 175 MW kowannensu, don jimlar 700 MW. Ayyukan a Cambambe 1 sun fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, kuma a Cambambe 2 a shekara ta 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
A watan Yulin 2015, an yi tsammanin cewa za a shigar da turbine na farko na 175 megawatt na Cambambe II kuma ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2016, tare da kammalawar da ake tsammani a shekarar 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran haɓakawa sun haɗa da gina sabbin tashoshin canjin makamashi guda uku tare da ƙarfin 400KV, 220KV, da 60KV don tallafawa haɗin tsakanin Cambambe 1 da 2, Capanda Hydroelectric Power Station, da Laúca Hydroele Electric Power Station. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa na Cambambe 1 da kuma gina Cambambe 2 ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAngola_Press_News_Agency2015&quot;&gt;Angola Press News Agency (30 July 2015). [http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html &quot;Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(Translated from the original Portuguese language)&lt;/span&gt;. Luanda: [[Angola Press News Agency]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 27 ga Yulin 2017, a gaban baƙi 500 da aka gayyata. &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Water Power Magazine |date=27 July 2017 |title=Cambambe 2 opens in Angola |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newscambambe-2-opens-in-angola-5884156 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Waterpowermagazine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Cambambe''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa a fadin [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Cuanza Norte da Lardin Bengo a [[Angola]] . Bayan gyarawa da fadadawa, ƙarfin ƙarni na wannan shigarwa shine {{Convert|960|MW}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Cuanza|Kogin Kwanza]] a Cambambe, Angola, kimanin kilomita 198 (123  ta hanyar kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a kasar. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki sune:09°45'12.0&quot;S, 14°28'51.0&quot;E (Latitude:-9.753333; Longitude:14.480833). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ginin madatsar ruwan Cambambe 1 ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1959, kuma an kammala shi a 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Macauhub |date=30 June 2016 |title=Plant II of the Cambambe dam in Angola goes into operation |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708105207/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Macauhub.com.mo |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda lalacewa da fashewa da rashin kulawa, a shekara ta 2002, fitarwa ya fadi daga 180 megawatts zuwa kusan 80 megawatts.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patric Kiehlmann |date=2010 |title=The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa |url=http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Voith.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPatric_Kiehlmann2010&quot;&gt;Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html &quot;The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa&quot;]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from [http://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html the original] on 25 February 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, Kamfanin National de Electricidade ya hayar da wata kungiya da ta hada da Odebrecht, Voith, Alstom, da Engevix don aiwatar da aikin gyarawa, fadadawa, da sabunta madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki. Aikin ya haɗa da tsawaita tsarin da mita 30, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gruner AG |url=https://www.gruner.ch/en/references/cambambe-arch-dam |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.gruner.ch |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabuntawa na raka'a masu samar da Cambambe 1, maye gurbin turbines na 45 MW guda huɗu tare da turbines hudu na 65 MW, da kuma gina sabon shuka, wanda ake kira Cambambe 2, tare da raka'a huɗu masu samar da 175 MW kowannensu, don jimlar 700 MW. Ayyukan a Cambambe 1 sun fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, kuma a Cambambe 2 a shekara ta 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
A watan Yulin 2015, an yi tsammanin cewa za a shigar da turbine na farko na 175 megawatt na Cambambe II kuma ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2016, tare da kammalawar da ake tsammani a shekarar 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sauran haɓakawa sun haɗa da gina sabbin tashoshin canjin makamashi guda uku tare da ƙarfin 400KV, 220KV, da 60KV don tallafawa haɗin tsakanin Cambambe 1 da 2, Capanda Hydroelectric Power Station, da Laúca Hydroele Electric Power Station. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa na Cambambe 1 da kuma gina Cambambe 2 ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 July 2015 |title=Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]] |format=Translated from the original Portuguese language}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAngola_Press_News_Agency2015&quot;&gt;Angola Press News Agency (30 July 2015). [http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html &quot;Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(Translated from the original Portuguese language)&lt;/span&gt;. Luanda: [[Angola Press News Agency]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 27 ga Yulin 2017, a gaban baƙi 500 da aka gayyata. &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Water Power Magazine |date=27 July 2017 |title=Cambambe 2 opens in Angola |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newscambambe-2-opens-in-angola-5884156 |access-date=20 June 2020 |publisher=Waterpowermagazine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shirin Kogin Nilu</title>
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      <comment>/* Kasuwanci mai sauri */</comment>
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      <text bytes="13534" sha1="3n7w36k402bf6gq8g132k0xaj5xqik4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_Basin_of_the_Nile_River_in_Egypt_to_illustrate_Sir_S.W._Baker's_Routes_and_Discoveries.jpg|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin jihohin da ke kusa da [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] wanda &quot;ke neman bunkasa kogin a hanyar hadin gwiwa, raba fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da inganta zaman lafiya da tsaro na yanki&quot;. NBI ta fara ne da tattaunawa tsakanin jihohin da ke cikin kogi wanda ya haifar da burin ra'ayi na ra'ayi &quot;don cimma ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar amfani da daidaito, da kuma amfana daga, albarkatun ruwa na Kogin Nilu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun 1999 &lt;ref name=&quot;NBI Background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=13&amp;Itemid=42 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ministocin ruwa na kasashe tara da ke raba kogin: [[Misra|Misira]], [[Sudan]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Burundi]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), da [[Eritrea]] a matsayin mai kallo. Tun daga farkonsa Bankin Duniya da sauran abokan hulɗa na waje sun goyi bayan shirin Nilu Basin Initiative da sauran abokan tarayya na waje. &quot;Aikin ci gaba mai kula da kuma masu yawa na Nilu Basing Trust&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank, 2010, pgs. 90-95 {{Cite web |title=Sustaining water for all in a changing climate: World Bank Group Implementation Progress Report |url=http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/sustaining-water-all-changing-climate-world-bank-group-implementation-progress-report |access-date=2011-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, jihohi biyar da ke sama sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki (CFA) don neman ƙarin ruwa daga Kogin Nilu da kuma kafa haƙƙin raba ruwa tsakanin jihohin NBI - matakin da Masar da Sudan suka yi tsayayya da shi sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC May 14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda da Tanzania sune masu sanya hannu na asali tare da Burundi sanya hannu a watan Fabrairun 2011. Yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da Habasha, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, da Burundi tsakanin 2013 da 2023, tare da Sudan ta Kudu ta tabbatar da CFA a ranar 8 ga Yuli 2024 . &lt;ref name=&quot;nbi-cfa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cooperative Framework Agreement {{!}} Content of the CFA |url=https://nilebasin.org/about-us/cooperative-framework-agreement |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Nile Basin Initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indug-20240812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=12 August 2024 |title=South Sudan signs Nile Treaty |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/south-sudan-signs-nile-treaty/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)|The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; DRC ta guje wa, yayin da Masar da Sudan suka ki sanya hannu bayan sun yi tir da CFA a matsayin ƙoƙari na rage rabon su na ruwan Nilu. Duk da wadannan ƙin yarda, CFA a hukumance ta zama doka a kan jihohin NBI a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap-20241014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=14 October 2024 |title=Nile basin nations say water-sharing accord has come into force without Egypt's backing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nile-river-accord-egypt-ethiopia-water-sharing-e245661a016bb75d9337d3e45a7753f7 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[AP News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin ma'aikata ==
Tsarin ma'aikatar NBI ya ƙunshi manyan cibiyoyi uku: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=30&amp;Itemid=77 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Ruwa ta Nilu tana ba da jagorar manufofi kuma tana yanke shawara. Shugabancinsa yana kan sauyawa na shekara guda. Ana zabar mai karɓar bakuncin taron majalisa na yau da kullun a matsayin Shugaban shekara mai zuwa. Tun daga watan Yunin 2010 shugaban shine [[Asfaw Dingamo]], Ministan Harkokin Ruwa na Habasha, wanda aka zaba a taron 18 na yau da kullun a Addis Ababa a watan Yunin 2010. Ministan albarkatun ruwa da ban ruwa na Masar, [[Mohamed Nasr el Din Allam|Mohamed Nasr da Din Allam]] (2009-10), wanda aka zaba a taron na 17 a Alexandria a watan Yulin 2009, da kuma [[Jose Endundu]], Ministan Muhalli na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (2008-09) da Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Uganda, [[Maria Mutagamba]] (2007-2008) ne suka riga shi. Majalisar tana gudanar da tarurruka na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun da kuma tarurruka masu ban mamaki. An gudanar da tarurruka na musamman a watan Mayu 2009 a Kinshasa kuma a watan Afrilu 2010 a Sharm el-Sheikh .
* '''Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha na NBI''', wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1998. Ya ƙunshi manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati kuma yana ba da shawara ta fasaha da taimako ga Majalisar Ministoci. Kwamitin ya kunshi wakili daya daga kowace ƙasa mai kogi da kuma madadin daya. Yana haɗuwa sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara.
* '''Sakatariyar NBI''', wacce aka kafa a 1999 tana ba da tallafin gudanarwa ga Majalisar Ministoci da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha. Tana zaune ne a Entebbe, Uganda, karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta. Matsayin yana kan juyawa na tsawon shekaru 2. Babban Darakta na yanzu, Teferra Beyene Asfaw daga Habasha, ya hau mulki a watan Satumbar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nile Basin Initiative - Member States |url=http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222412/http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Nilu na Gabas (ENTRO), wanda ke zaune a Addis Ababa, da kuma NELSAP Coordinating Unit (NELSAP-CU), wanda ke aiki a Kigali, Rwanda, suna gudanar da shirye-shirye guda biyu. Bugu da kari, ayyuka daban-daban a karkashin Shirin Share Vision suna da rukunin gudanar da ayyukan yanki da ke Alkahira (koyarwa da aka yi amfani da shi), Addis Ababa (shirye-shiryen albarkatun ruwa), Dar es-Salaam (cinikin wutar lantarki) da Nairobi (aikin noma).

== Babban shirye-shirye ==
NBI ta kunshi manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Shirin Shared Vision, Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu da Shirin Ayyukan Kudancin Kogin Nilu.

=== Shirin Ra'ayi na Ra'ayi ===
Shirin Shared Vision (SVP), &quot;wani shirin Basin-wide wanda ke mai da hankali kan gina cibiyoyin, raba bayanai da bayanai, samar da horo da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin tattaunawa da hanyoyin sadarwar yanki da ake buƙata don warware matsalolin hadin gwiwa, ci gaban hadin gwiwa da haɓaka shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari na bangarori da yawa don haɓaka albarkatun ruwa ta hanyar ɗorewa. &quot;  Ana tallafawa ta hanyar tallafi da niyyar haɓaka amincewa don gina yanayin da ke ba da damar saka hannun jari. A cikin 2010 ya haɗa da ayyukan takwas masu zuwa waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan horar da yanki:

* Shirin Horar da Ayyuka wanda ke ba da horo a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa]];
* a Confidence-Building and Stakeholder Involvement Project cewa &quot;yana aiki don kara yawan masu ruwa da tsaki - daga manufofi da masu yanke shawara, zuwa kananan 'yan kasuwa maza da mata, zuwa masunta da manoma, zuwa kungiyoyin addini da matasa&quot;;
* Shirin Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Yankin;
* a Transboundary Environmental Action Project wanda &quot;ke ba da horo a cikin kula da muhalli da saka idanu, saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa, da kiyaye wuraren da ke da ruwa&quot;;
* ingantaccen Amfani da Ruwa don Aikin Gona;
* Aikin Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa;
* A Social-economic and Benefits Sharing Project wanda ke gina &quot;cibiyar sadarwa ta kwararru daga tsarin tattalin arziki da cibiyoyin bincike, masana fasaha daga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, malamai, masu ilimin zamantakewa, da wakilan kungiyoyin jama'a kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu&quot;;
* Aikin Gudanar da Ra'ayi.

=== Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu ===
'''Shirin Ayyuka na [[Blue Nile|Gabashin Nilu]]''' (ENSAP) &quot;yana neman bunkasa albarkatun ruwa na Gabashin Kogin Nilu a hanyar da ta dace don tabbatar da wadata, tsaro da zaman lafiya ga dukkan mutanenta&quot;. Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Gabashin Nilu (ENTRO) ne ke gudanar da shi wanda ke Addis Ababa, Habasha. An haɗa shi cikin saka hannun jari mai sauri da kuma mafi rikitarwa, saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci.

==== Kasuwanci mai sauri ====
Wannan waƙar ta haɗa da ayyuka huɗu a farkon 2008: &lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty and Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home |website=www.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Shirin gudanar da ruwa''' na Yankin yana da niyyar kafa gudanarwa mai ɗorewa na ruwa a kan [[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]], Atbara, Mareb, [[Blue Nile|Abbay]] / [[Blue Nile]] da kogin [[Kogin Baro|Baro]] / [[Kogin Akobo|Akobo]] / [[Kogin Sobat|Sobat]] a Habasha da Sudan. Shafukan aikin farko da aka gano sun haɗa da [[Tafkin Nasser]] / Nubia a Misira; [[Kogin Jamma|Jamma]], Reb, da ƙananan wuraren [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]], da kuma gudanar da ruwa a [[Tafkin Tana|Tana]]-Beles a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tana-Bels a Habasha; da ƙananan Atbara, Dutsen [[Ingessena]] da yankunan da ke kusa da Dinder National Park a Sudan.

== Hanya mai amfani da yawa ==

Hanya mai amfani da yawa ta haɗa da jerin bincike da aka yi niyya don haɓaka kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari, da kuma shirin wucin gadi na saka hannun jari da aka kira Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

=== Ci gaban kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari ===

Za a haɓaka takamaiman kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari don sashen wutar lantarki, kula da kogin ruwa da ban ruwa/tsotse ruwa, wanda aka haɗa da samfurin tsare-tsare na gaba ɗaya.
  
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Gudanar da Kogin Ruwa''' ana ɗaukar shi ta Bankin Duniya a matsayin ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci don ƙayyade saka hannun jari na gaba a yankin kogin ruwa. Binciken zai gina tushen bayanai na gama-gari daga inda za a tantance tasirin dabarun kula da ƙasar daban-daban a matakin yankin. Wannan binciken zai haɗa da nazarin iyaka na tsarin kogin ruwa na Gabashin Nilu da rayuwar da ke tattare da shi, sannan ya nazarci yadda fa'idodi ke rarrabuwa a ƙasashen uku ƙarƙashin dabarun kula da kogin ruwa daban-daban.
*'''Shirin Zuba Jari na Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Gabashin Nilu''' wani ɓangare ne na ƙoƙarin haɓaka kasuwancin wutar lantarki na yankin ta hanyar daidaita tsare-tsare da haɓaka ayyukan wutar lantarki da haɗin layin wutar lantarki a ƙasashen Gabashin Nilu guda uku. Wannan binciken ya haɗa da tantance girma da yiwuwar kasuwar wutar lantarki ta Gabashin Nilu, zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki a ƙasashen uku, wuraren da za a iya haɗa layin wutar lantarki, da yiwuwar yarjejeniyar kasuwancin wutar lantarki.
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Ban Ruwa da Tsotse Ruwa''' ya haɗa da nazarin yankin na ban ruwa da damar ci gaba, da kuma nazarin injiniya na wurare na musamman. Nazarin yankin yana neman haɓaka ƙa'idoji don zaɓar ayyukan da suka shafi yankin, auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen ayyukan ban ruwa daga hangen nesa na ƙasa da yankin, da kuma binciken zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran cibiyoyi da dokoki don daidaita hanyar ci gaban karkara da sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar yankin.
*'''Shirin Samfurin Tsare-tsaren Gabashin Nilu''' an yi niyya ne don taimaka wa Masar, Habasha da Sudan wajen gano, shirya, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba na haɗin gwiwa da ke amfani ga duk ƙasashen uku.

=== Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa ===

Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa (JMP) shiri ne na dogon lokaci da ke da hangen nesa na shekaru 25-30 wanda ya haɗa da daidaitattun saka hannun jari don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa da gudanar da ruwan Gabashin Nilu da ake rabawa, ciki har da Abbay (Nilu Shuɗi), Tekeze (Setit)-Atbara, Baro-Akobo-Sobat, wasu sassan Nilu Fari da Nilu Babba. Jerin farko na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin shirin na iya haɗawa da:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*'''Gudanar da kogin ruwa da muhalli''', ciki har da dasa itatuwa, sarrafa lalacewar gefen kogin, da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban.
*'''Haɗa kogin da tsarin wutar lantarki''' ta hanyar ginshiƙin ababen more rayuwa da ya haɗa da layin wutar lantarki na yankin da ƙara ƙarfin adana ruwa don sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa da adana ruwa. Sauran fa'idodi masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da ingantaccen zirga-zirgar cikin gida ta ruwa, haɓaka kamun kifi da wadataccen ruwan da zai kula da muhallin ruwa mai mahimmanci.
*'''Haɓaka samar da kayan gona''' ta hanyar ƙarfafa da faɗaɗa ban ruwa na noma, tare da saka hannun jari na musamman a harkar kasuwancin noma, tallace-tallace, da sauran ayyukan tallafin noma. Ingantaccen kula da kogin ruwa zai kuma taimaka wajen faɗaɗa tattara ruwan sama, inganta samar da dabbobi, da haɓaka ci gaban kamun kifi.
*'''Saka hannun jari na ƙarin don haɓaka ci gaba da haɗin yankin''', kamar a cikin sadarwa, sufuri, masana'antu, yawon shakatawa, da tsarin bashi.
*'''Kafa cibiyoyi don haɗin gwiwa''', ciki har da sabbin hanyoyin kuɗi, tsarin bayanai na gama-gari, da ingantaccen sadarwar jama'a da gaskiya.

=== Manazarta ===</text>
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      <text bytes="16144" sha1="9j35bxhxw5ar7afyzo7vbbkuqje84sb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_Basin_of_the_Nile_River_in_Egypt_to_illustrate_Sir_S.W._Baker's_Routes_and_Discoveries.jpg|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin jihohin da ke kusa da [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] wanda &quot;ke neman bunkasa kogin a hanyar hadin gwiwa, raba fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da inganta zaman lafiya da tsaro na yanki&quot;. NBI ta fara ne da tattaunawa tsakanin jihohin da ke cikin kogi wanda ya haifar da burin ra'ayi na ra'ayi &quot;don cimma ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar amfani da daidaito, da kuma amfana daga, albarkatun ruwa na Kogin Nilu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun 1999 &lt;ref name=&quot;NBI Background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=13&amp;Itemid=42 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ministocin ruwa na kasashe tara da ke raba kogin: [[Misra|Misira]], [[Sudan]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Burundi]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), da [[Eritrea]] a matsayin mai kallo. Tun daga farkonsa Bankin Duniya da sauran abokan hulɗa na waje sun goyi bayan shirin Nilu Basin Initiative da sauran abokan tarayya na waje. &quot;Aikin ci gaba mai kula da kuma masu yawa na Nilu Basing Trust&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank, 2010, pgs. 90-95 {{Cite web |title=Sustaining water for all in a changing climate: World Bank Group Implementation Progress Report |url=http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/sustaining-water-all-changing-climate-world-bank-group-implementation-progress-report |access-date=2011-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, jihohi biyar da ke sama sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki (CFA) don neman ƙarin ruwa daga Kogin Nilu da kuma kafa haƙƙin raba ruwa tsakanin jihohin NBI - matakin da Masar da Sudan suka yi tsayayya da shi sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC May 14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda da Tanzania sune masu sanya hannu na asali tare da Burundi sanya hannu a watan Fabrairun 2011. Yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da Habasha, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, da Burundi tsakanin 2013 da 2023, tare da Sudan ta Kudu ta tabbatar da CFA a ranar 8 ga Yuli 2024 . &lt;ref name=&quot;nbi-cfa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cooperative Framework Agreement {{!}} Content of the CFA |url=https://nilebasin.org/about-us/cooperative-framework-agreement |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Nile Basin Initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indug-20240812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=12 August 2024 |title=South Sudan signs Nile Treaty |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/south-sudan-signs-nile-treaty/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)|The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; DRC ta guje wa, yayin da Masar da Sudan suka ki sanya hannu bayan sun yi tir da CFA a matsayin ƙoƙari na rage rabon su na ruwan Nilu. Duk da wadannan ƙin yarda, CFA a hukumance ta zama doka a kan jihohin NBI a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap-20241014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=14 October 2024 |title=Nile basin nations say water-sharing accord has come into force without Egypt's backing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nile-river-accord-egypt-ethiopia-water-sharing-e245661a016bb75d9337d3e45a7753f7 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[AP News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin ma'aikata ==
Tsarin ma'aikatar NBI ya ƙunshi manyan cibiyoyi uku: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=30&amp;Itemid=77 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Ruwa ta Nilu tana ba da jagorar manufofi kuma tana yanke shawara. Shugabancinsa yana kan sauyawa na shekara guda. Ana zabar mai karɓar bakuncin taron majalisa na yau da kullun a matsayin Shugaban shekara mai zuwa. Tun daga watan Yunin 2010 shugaban shine [[Asfaw Dingamo]], Ministan Harkokin Ruwa na Habasha, wanda aka zaba a taron 18 na yau da kullun a Addis Ababa a watan Yunin 2010. Ministan albarkatun ruwa da ban ruwa na Masar, [[Mohamed Nasr el Din Allam|Mohamed Nasr da Din Allam]] (2009-10), wanda aka zaba a taron na 17 a Alexandria a watan Yulin 2009, da kuma [[Jose Endundu]], Ministan Muhalli na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (2008-09) da Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Uganda, [[Maria Mutagamba]] (2007-2008) ne suka riga shi. Majalisar tana gudanar da tarurruka na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun da kuma tarurruka masu ban mamaki. An gudanar da tarurruka na musamman a watan Mayu 2009 a Kinshasa kuma a watan Afrilu 2010 a Sharm el-Sheikh .
* '''Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha na NBI''', wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1998. Ya ƙunshi manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati kuma yana ba da shawara ta fasaha da taimako ga Majalisar Ministoci. Kwamitin ya kunshi wakili daya daga kowace ƙasa mai kogi da kuma madadin daya. Yana haɗuwa sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara.
* '''Sakatariyar NBI''', wacce aka kafa a 1999 tana ba da tallafin gudanarwa ga Majalisar Ministoci da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha. Tana zaune ne a Entebbe, Uganda, karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta. Matsayin yana kan juyawa na tsawon shekaru 2. Babban Darakta na yanzu, Teferra Beyene Asfaw daga Habasha, ya hau mulki a watan Satumbar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nile Basin Initiative - Member States |url=http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222412/http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Nilu na Gabas (ENTRO), wanda ke zaune a Addis Ababa, da kuma NELSAP Coordinating Unit (NELSAP-CU), wanda ke aiki a Kigali, Rwanda, suna gudanar da shirye-shirye guda biyu. Bugu da kari, ayyuka daban-daban a karkashin Shirin Share Vision suna da rukunin gudanar da ayyukan yanki da ke Alkahira (koyarwa da aka yi amfani da shi), Addis Ababa (shirye-shiryen albarkatun ruwa), Dar es-Salaam (cinikin wutar lantarki) da Nairobi (aikin noma).

== Babban shirye-shirye ==
NBI ta kunshi manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Shirin Shared Vision, Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu da Shirin Ayyukan Kudancin Kogin Nilu.

=== Shirin Ra'ayi na Ra'ayi ===
Shirin Shared Vision (SVP), &quot;wani shirin Basin-wide wanda ke mai da hankali kan gina cibiyoyin, raba bayanai da bayanai, samar da horo da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin tattaunawa da hanyoyin sadarwar yanki da ake buƙata don warware matsalolin hadin gwiwa, ci gaban hadin gwiwa da haɓaka shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari na bangarori da yawa don haɓaka albarkatun ruwa ta hanyar ɗorewa. &quot;  Ana tallafawa ta hanyar tallafi da niyyar haɓaka amincewa don gina yanayin da ke ba da damar saka hannun jari. A cikin 2010 ya haɗa da ayyukan takwas masu zuwa waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan horar da yanki:

* Shirin Horar da Ayyuka wanda ke ba da horo a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa]];
* a Confidence-Building and Stakeholder Involvement Project cewa &quot;yana aiki don kara yawan masu ruwa da tsaki - daga manufofi da masu yanke shawara, zuwa kananan 'yan kasuwa maza da mata, zuwa masunta da manoma, zuwa kungiyoyin addini da matasa&quot;;
* Shirin Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Yankin;
* a Transboundary Environmental Action Project wanda &quot;ke ba da horo a cikin kula da muhalli da saka idanu, saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa, da kiyaye wuraren da ke da ruwa&quot;;
* ingantaccen Amfani da Ruwa don Aikin Gona;
* Aikin Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa;
* A Social-economic and Benefits Sharing Project wanda ke gina &quot;cibiyar sadarwa ta kwararru daga tsarin tattalin arziki da cibiyoyin bincike, masana fasaha daga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, malamai, masu ilimin zamantakewa, da wakilan kungiyoyin jama'a kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu&quot;;
* Aikin Gudanar da Ra'ayi.

=== Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu ===
'''Shirin Ayyuka na [[Blue Nile|Gabashin Nilu]]''' (ENSAP) &quot;yana neman bunkasa albarkatun ruwa na Gabashin Kogin Nilu a hanyar da ta dace don tabbatar da wadata, tsaro da zaman lafiya ga dukkan mutanenta&quot;. Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Gabashin Nilu (ENTRO) ne ke gudanar da shi wanda ke Addis Ababa, Habasha. An haɗa shi cikin saka hannun jari mai sauri da kuma mafi rikitarwa, saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci.

==== Kasuwanci mai sauri ====
Wannan waƙar ta haɗa da ayyuka huɗu a farkon 2008: &lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty and Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home |website=www.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Shirin gudanar da ruwa''' na Yankin yana da niyyar kafa gudanarwa mai ɗorewa na ruwa a kan [[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]], Atbara, Mareb, [[Blue Nile|Abbay]] / [[Blue Nile]] da kogin [[Kogin Baro|Baro]] / [[Kogin Akobo|Akobo]] / [[Kogin Sobat|Sobat]] a Habasha da Sudan. Shafukan aikin farko da aka gano sun haɗa da [[Tafkin Nasser]] / Nubia a Misira; [[Kogin Jamma|Jamma]], Reb, da ƙananan wuraren [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]], da kuma gudanar da ruwa a [[Tafkin Tana|Tana]]-Beles a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tana-Bels a Habasha; da ƙananan Atbara, Dutsen [[Ingessena]] da yankunan da ke kusa da Dinder National Park a Sudan.

== Hanya mai amfani da yawa ==

Hanya mai amfani da yawa ta haɗa da jerin bincike da aka yi niyya don haɓaka kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari, da kuma shirin wucin gadi na saka hannun jari da aka kira Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

=== Ci gaban kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari ===

Za a haɓaka takamaiman kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari don sashen wutar lantarki, kula da kogin ruwa da ban ruwa/tsotse ruwa, wanda aka haɗa da samfurin tsare-tsare na gaba ɗaya.
  
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Gudanar da Kogin Ruwa''' ana ɗaukar shi ta Bankin Duniya a matsayin ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci don ƙayyade saka hannun jari na gaba a yankin kogin ruwa. Binciken zai gina tushen bayanai na gama-gari daga inda za a tantance tasirin dabarun kula da ƙasar daban-daban a matakin yankin. Wannan binciken zai haɗa da nazarin iyaka na tsarin kogin ruwa na Gabashin Nilu da rayuwar da ke tattare da shi, sannan ya nazarci yadda fa'idodi ke rarrabuwa a ƙasashen uku ƙarƙashin dabarun kula da kogin ruwa daban-daban.
*'''Shirin Zuba Jari na Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Gabashin Nilu''' wani ɓangare ne na ƙoƙarin haɓaka kasuwancin wutar lantarki na yankin ta hanyar daidaita tsare-tsare da haɓaka ayyukan wutar lantarki da haɗin layin wutar lantarki a ƙasashen Gabashin Nilu guda uku. Wannan binciken ya haɗa da tantance girma da yiwuwar kasuwar wutar lantarki ta Gabashin Nilu, zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki a ƙasashen uku, wuraren da za a iya haɗa layin wutar lantarki, da yiwuwar yarjejeniyar kasuwancin wutar lantarki.
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Ban Ruwa da Tsotse Ruwa''' ya haɗa da nazarin yankin na ban ruwa da damar ci gaba, da kuma nazarin injiniya na wurare na musamman. Nazarin yankin yana neman haɓaka ƙa'idoji don zaɓar ayyukan da suka shafi yankin, auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen ayyukan ban ruwa daga hangen nesa na ƙasa da yankin, da kuma binciken zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran cibiyoyi da dokoki don daidaita hanyar ci gaban karkara da sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar yankin.
*'''Shirin Samfurin Tsare-tsaren Gabashin Nilu''' an yi niyya ne don taimaka wa Masar, Habasha da Sudan wajen gano, shirya, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba na haɗin gwiwa da ke amfani ga duk ƙasashen uku.

=== Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa ===

Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa (JMP) shiri ne na dogon lokaci da ke da hangen nesa na shekaru 25-30 wanda ya haɗa da daidaitattun saka hannun jari don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa da gudanar da ruwan Gabashin Nilu da ake rabawa, ciki har da Abbay (Nilu Shuɗi), Tekeze (Setit)-Atbara, Baro-Akobo-Sobat, wasu sassan Nilu Fari da Nilu Babba. Jerin farko na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin shirin na iya haɗawa da:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*'''Gudanar da kogin ruwa da muhalli''', ciki har da dasa itatuwa, sarrafa lalacewar gefen kogin, da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban.
*'''Haɗa kogin da tsarin wutar lantarki''' ta hanyar ginshiƙin ababen more rayuwa da ya haɗa da layin wutar lantarki na yankin da ƙara ƙarfin adana ruwa don sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa da adana ruwa. Sauran fa'idodi masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da ingantaccen zirga-zirgar cikin gida ta ruwa, haɓaka kamun kifi da wadataccen ruwan da zai kula da muhallin ruwa mai mahimmanci.
*'''Haɓaka samar da kayan gona''' ta hanyar ƙarfafa da faɗaɗa ban ruwa na noma, tare da saka hannun jari na musamman a harkar kasuwancin noma, tallace-tallace, da sauran ayyukan tallafin noma. Ingantaccen kula da kogin ruwa zai kuma taimaka wajen faɗaɗa tattara ruwan sama, inganta samar da dabbobi, da haɓaka ci gaban kamun kifi.
*'''Saka hannun jari na ƙarin don haɓaka ci gaba da haɗin yankin''', kamar a cikin sadarwa, sufuri, masana'antu, yawon shakatawa, da tsarin bashi.
*'''Kafa cibiyoyi don haɗin gwiwa''', ciki har da sabbin hanyoyin kuɗi, tsarin bayanai na gama-gari, da ingantaccen sadarwar jama'a da gaskiya.

=== Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu ===

Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu (NELSAP) “shiri ne na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Nilu Basin Initiative (NBI). Manufarsa ita ce taimakawa wajen rage talauci, haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma dakatar da lalacewar muhalli.” Shirye-shiryen NELSAP suna ƙarƙashin manyan fannoni guda biyu: Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba, da Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

==== Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba ====

Wannan fanni na shirin ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyuka:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Kagera da Ci gaba da aka ƙaddamar a watan Disamba 2005. Ana raba shirin tsakanin Burundi, Tanzaniya, Rwanda da Uganda.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Mara da Ci gaba a wuraren shakatawa na Mara da Serengeti da aka fara a watan Janairu 2006. Ana raba shi tsakanin Tanzaniya da Kenya.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Sio-Malaba-Malakisi da Ci gaba wanda Kenya da Uganda suka raba, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka ci gaba da rage rikice-rikice tsakanin al’ummomi masu amfani da albarkatun ruwa na ƙananan koguna uku da ke fitowa daga gangaren Dutsen Elgon. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Janairu 2006.
*Shirin Gwaji na Kamun Kifi a Tafkin Edward da Tafkin Albert a Uganda da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo, wanda ya haɗa da saka hannun jari na ƙananan al’umma don inganta kariyar wuraren tattara ruwa, gina hanyoyin shiga, da samar da ruwan sha da tsafta. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Yuni 2005 kuma an tsara kammalawa a 2007. Bankin Ci gaban Afirka yana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga wannan shirin.
*Shirin Rage Ciyawar Ruwa a Kogin Kagera, wani ɓangare na Shirin Gudanar da Muhalli na Tafkin Victoria tare da haɗin gwiwar Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzaniya da Uganda.

==== Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci ====

Wannan fanni na shirin yana mai da hankali kan tsare-tsaren saka hannun jari da shirye-shiryen manyan ayyukan saka hannun jari kamar aikin Haɗin Layin Wutar Lantarki da Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls na Yanki. Wannan ya haɗa da gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar farko da tantancewa.

A watan Disamba 2005 ministocin NELSAP guda shida masu kula da harkokin wutar lantarki sun amince da Tsarin Jagora na Wutar Lantarki na Yanki. Tsarin ya haɗa da jerin zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki da aka fi tantancewa da ayyukan haɗin layin wutar lantarki na shekaru 20 masu zuwa, ciki har da batutuwan zamantakewa da muhalli.

Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls a Kogin Kagera ana sa ran zai zama mad

=== Manazarta ===</text>
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      <text bytes="17357" sha1="33kyq1bcpf59tj13mz2izfdbsmcluoi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_Basin_of_the_Nile_River_in_Egypt_to_illustrate_Sir_S.W._Baker's_Routes_and_Discoveries.jpg|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin jihohin da ke kusa da [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] wanda &quot;ke neman bunkasa kogin a hanyar hadin gwiwa, raba fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da inganta zaman lafiya da tsaro na yanki&quot;. NBI ta fara ne da tattaunawa tsakanin jihohin da ke cikin kogi wanda ya haifar da burin ra'ayi na ra'ayi &quot;don cimma ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar amfani da daidaito, da kuma amfana daga, albarkatun ruwa na Kogin Nilu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun 1999 &lt;ref name=&quot;NBI Background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=13&amp;Itemid=42 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ministocin ruwa na kasashe tara da ke raba kogin: [[Misra|Misira]], [[Sudan]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Burundi]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), da [[Eritrea]] a matsayin mai kallo. Tun daga farkonsa Bankin Duniya da sauran abokan hulɗa na waje sun goyi bayan shirin Nilu Basin Initiative da sauran abokan tarayya na waje. &quot;Aikin ci gaba mai kula da kuma masu yawa na Nilu Basing Trust&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank, 2010, pgs. 90-95 {{Cite web |title=Sustaining water for all in a changing climate: World Bank Group Implementation Progress Report |url=http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/sustaining-water-all-changing-climate-world-bank-group-implementation-progress-report |access-date=2011-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, jihohi biyar da ke sama sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki (CFA) don neman ƙarin ruwa daga Kogin Nilu da kuma kafa haƙƙin raba ruwa tsakanin jihohin NBI - matakin da Masar da Sudan suka yi tsayayya da shi sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC May 14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda da Tanzania sune masu sanya hannu na asali tare da Burundi sanya hannu a watan Fabrairun 2011. Yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da Habasha, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, da Burundi tsakanin 2013 da 2023, tare da Sudan ta Kudu ta tabbatar da CFA a ranar 8 ga Yuli 2024 . &lt;ref name=&quot;nbi-cfa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cooperative Framework Agreement {{!}} Content of the CFA |url=https://nilebasin.org/about-us/cooperative-framework-agreement |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Nile Basin Initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indug-20240812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=12 August 2024 |title=South Sudan signs Nile Treaty |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/south-sudan-signs-nile-treaty/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)|The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; DRC ta guje wa, yayin da Masar da Sudan suka ki sanya hannu bayan sun yi tir da CFA a matsayin ƙoƙari na rage rabon su na ruwan Nilu. Duk da wadannan ƙin yarda, CFA a hukumance ta zama doka a kan jihohin NBI a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap-20241014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=14 October 2024 |title=Nile basin nations say water-sharing accord has come into force without Egypt's backing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nile-river-accord-egypt-ethiopia-water-sharing-e245661a016bb75d9337d3e45a7753f7 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[AP News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin ma'aikata ==
Tsarin ma'aikatar NBI ya ƙunshi manyan cibiyoyi uku: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=30&amp;Itemid=77 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Ruwa ta Nilu tana ba da jagorar manufofi kuma tana yanke shawara. Shugabancinsa yana kan sauyawa na shekara guda. Ana zabar mai karɓar bakuncin taron majalisa na yau da kullun a matsayin Shugaban shekara mai zuwa. Tun daga watan Yunin 2010 shugaban shine [[Asfaw Dingamo]], Ministan Harkokin Ruwa na Habasha, wanda aka zaba a taron 18 na yau da kullun a Addis Ababa a watan Yunin 2010. Ministan albarkatun ruwa da ban ruwa na Masar, [[Mohamed Nasr el Din Allam|Mohamed Nasr da Din Allam]] (2009-10), wanda aka zaba a taron na 17 a Alexandria a watan Yulin 2009, da kuma [[Jose Endundu]], Ministan Muhalli na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (2008-09) da Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Uganda, [[Maria Mutagamba]] (2007-2008) ne suka riga shi. Majalisar tana gudanar da tarurruka na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun da kuma tarurruka masu ban mamaki. An gudanar da tarurruka na musamman a watan Mayu 2009 a Kinshasa kuma a watan Afrilu 2010 a Sharm el-Sheikh .
* '''Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha na NBI''', wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1998. Ya ƙunshi manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati kuma yana ba da shawara ta fasaha da taimako ga Majalisar Ministoci. Kwamitin ya kunshi wakili daya daga kowace ƙasa mai kogi da kuma madadin daya. Yana haɗuwa sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara.
* '''Sakatariyar NBI''', wacce aka kafa a 1999 tana ba da tallafin gudanarwa ga Majalisar Ministoci da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha. Tana zaune ne a Entebbe, Uganda, karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta. Matsayin yana kan juyawa na tsawon shekaru 2. Babban Darakta na yanzu, Teferra Beyene Asfaw daga Habasha, ya hau mulki a watan Satumbar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nile Basin Initiative - Member States |url=http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222412/http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Nilu na Gabas (ENTRO), wanda ke zaune a Addis Ababa, da kuma NELSAP Coordinating Unit (NELSAP-CU), wanda ke aiki a Kigali, Rwanda, suna gudanar da shirye-shirye guda biyu. Bugu da kari, ayyuka daban-daban a karkashin Shirin Share Vision suna da rukunin gudanar da ayyukan yanki da ke Alkahira (koyarwa da aka yi amfani da shi), Addis Ababa (shirye-shiryen albarkatun ruwa), Dar es-Salaam (cinikin wutar lantarki) da Nairobi (aikin noma).

== Babban shirye-shirye ==
NBI ta kunshi manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Shirin Shared Vision, Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu da Shirin Ayyukan Kudancin Kogin Nilu.

=== Shirin Ra'ayi na Ra'ayi ===
Shirin Shared Vision (SVP), &quot;wani shirin Basin-wide wanda ke mai da hankali kan gina cibiyoyin, raba bayanai da bayanai, samar da horo da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin tattaunawa da hanyoyin sadarwar yanki da ake buƙata don warware matsalolin hadin gwiwa, ci gaban hadin gwiwa da haɓaka shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari na bangarori da yawa don haɓaka albarkatun ruwa ta hanyar ɗorewa. &quot;  Ana tallafawa ta hanyar tallafi da niyyar haɓaka amincewa don gina yanayin da ke ba da damar saka hannun jari. A cikin 2010 ya haɗa da ayyukan takwas masu zuwa waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan horar da yanki:

* Shirin Horar da Ayyuka wanda ke ba da horo a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa]];
* a Confidence-Building and Stakeholder Involvement Project cewa &quot;yana aiki don kara yawan masu ruwa da tsaki - daga manufofi da masu yanke shawara, zuwa kananan 'yan kasuwa maza da mata, zuwa masunta da manoma, zuwa kungiyoyin addini da matasa&quot;;
* Shirin Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Yankin;
* a Transboundary Environmental Action Project wanda &quot;ke ba da horo a cikin kula da muhalli da saka idanu, saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa, da kiyaye wuraren da ke da ruwa&quot;;
* ingantaccen Amfani da Ruwa don Aikin Gona;
* Aikin Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa;
* A Social-economic and Benefits Sharing Project wanda ke gina &quot;cibiyar sadarwa ta kwararru daga tsarin tattalin arziki da cibiyoyin bincike, masana fasaha daga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, malamai, masu ilimin zamantakewa, da wakilan kungiyoyin jama'a kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu&quot;;
* Aikin Gudanar da Ra'ayi.

=== Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu ===
'''Shirin Ayyuka na [[Blue Nile|Gabashin Nilu]]''' (ENSAP) &quot;yana neman bunkasa albarkatun ruwa na Gabashin Kogin Nilu a hanyar da ta dace don tabbatar da wadata, tsaro da zaman lafiya ga dukkan mutanenta&quot;. Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Gabashin Nilu (ENTRO) ne ke gudanar da shi wanda ke Addis Ababa, Habasha. An haɗa shi cikin saka hannun jari mai sauri da kuma mafi rikitarwa, saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci.

==== Kasuwanci mai sauri ====
Wannan waƙar ta haɗa da ayyuka huɗu a farkon 2008: &lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty and Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home |website=www.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Shirin gudanar da ruwa''' na Yankin yana da niyyar kafa gudanarwa mai ɗorewa na ruwa a kan [[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]], Atbara, Mareb, [[Blue Nile|Abbay]] / [[Blue Nile]] da kogin [[Kogin Baro|Baro]] / [[Kogin Akobo|Akobo]] / [[Kogin Sobat|Sobat]] a Habasha da Sudan. Shafukan aikin farko da aka gano sun haɗa da [[Tafkin Nasser]] / Nubia a Misira; [[Kogin Jamma|Jamma]], Reb, da ƙananan wuraren [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]], da kuma gudanar da ruwa a [[Tafkin Tana|Tana]]-Beles a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tana-Bels a Habasha; da ƙananan Atbara, Dutsen [[Ingessena]] da yankunan da ke kusa da Dinder National Park a Sudan.

== Hanya mai amfani da yawa ==

Hanya mai amfani da yawa ta haɗa da jerin bincike da aka yi niyya don haɓaka kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari, da kuma shirin wucin gadi na saka hannun jari da aka kira Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

=== Ci gaban kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari ===

Za a haɓaka takamaiman kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari don sashen wutar lantarki, kula da kogin ruwa da ban ruwa/tsotse ruwa, wanda aka haɗa da samfurin tsare-tsare na gaba ɗaya.
  
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Gudanar da Kogin Ruwa''' ana ɗaukar shi ta Bankin Duniya a matsayin ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci don ƙayyade saka hannun jari na gaba a yankin kogin ruwa. Binciken zai gina tushen bayanai na gama-gari daga inda za a tantance tasirin dabarun kula da ƙasar daban-daban a matakin yankin. Wannan binciken zai haɗa da nazarin iyaka na tsarin kogin ruwa na Gabashin Nilu da rayuwar da ke tattare da shi, sannan ya nazarci yadda fa'idodi ke rarrabuwa a ƙasashen uku ƙarƙashin dabarun kula da kogin ruwa daban-daban.
*'''Shirin Zuba Jari na Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Gabashin Nilu''' wani ɓangare ne na ƙoƙarin haɓaka kasuwancin wutar lantarki na yankin ta hanyar daidaita tsare-tsare da haɓaka ayyukan wutar lantarki da haɗin layin wutar lantarki a ƙasashen Gabashin Nilu guda uku. Wannan binciken ya haɗa da tantance girma da yiwuwar kasuwar wutar lantarki ta Gabashin Nilu, zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki a ƙasashen uku, wuraren da za a iya haɗa layin wutar lantarki, da yiwuwar yarjejeniyar kasuwancin wutar lantarki.
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Ban Ruwa da Tsotse Ruwa''' ya haɗa da nazarin yankin na ban ruwa da damar ci gaba, da kuma nazarin injiniya na wurare na musamman. Nazarin yankin yana neman haɓaka ƙa'idoji don zaɓar ayyukan da suka shafi yankin, auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen ayyukan ban ruwa daga hangen nesa na ƙasa da yankin, da kuma binciken zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran cibiyoyi da dokoki don daidaita hanyar ci gaban karkara da sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar yankin.
*'''Shirin Samfurin Tsare-tsaren Gabashin Nilu''' an yi niyya ne don taimaka wa Masar, Habasha da Sudan wajen gano, shirya, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba na haɗin gwiwa da ke amfani ga duk ƙasashen uku.

=== Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa ===

Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa (JMP) shiri ne na dogon lokaci da ke da hangen nesa na shekaru 25-30 wanda ya haɗa da daidaitattun saka hannun jari don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa da gudanar da ruwan Gabashin Nilu da ake rabawa, ciki har da Abbay (Nilu Shuɗi), Tekeze (Setit)-Atbara, Baro-Akobo-Sobat, wasu sassan Nilu Fari da Nilu Babba. Jerin farko na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin shirin na iya haɗawa da:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*'''Gudanar da kogin ruwa da muhalli''', ciki har da dasa itatuwa, sarrafa lalacewar gefen kogin, da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban.
*'''Haɗa kogin da tsarin wutar lantarki''' ta hanyar ginshiƙin ababen more rayuwa da ya haɗa da layin wutar lantarki na yankin da ƙara ƙarfin adana ruwa don sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa da adana ruwa. Sauran fa'idodi masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da ingantaccen zirga-zirgar cikin gida ta ruwa, haɓaka kamun kifi da wadataccen ruwan da zai kula da muhallin ruwa mai mahimmanci.
*'''Haɓaka samar da kayan gona''' ta hanyar ƙarfafa da faɗaɗa ban ruwa na noma, tare da saka hannun jari na musamman a harkar kasuwancin noma, tallace-tallace, da sauran ayyukan tallafin noma. Ingantaccen kula da kogin ruwa zai kuma taimaka wajen faɗaɗa tattara ruwan sama, inganta samar da dabbobi, da haɓaka ci gaban kamun kifi.
*'''Saka hannun jari na ƙarin don haɓaka ci gaba da haɗin yankin''', kamar a cikin sadarwa, sufuri, masana'antu, yawon shakatawa, da tsarin bashi.
*'''Kafa cibiyoyi don haɗin gwiwa''', ciki har da sabbin hanyoyin kuɗi, tsarin bayanai na gama-gari, da ingantaccen sadarwar jama'a da gaskiya.

=== Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu ===

Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu (NELSAP) “shiri ne na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Nilu Basin Initiative (NBI). Manufarsa ita ce taimakawa wajen rage talauci, haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma dakatar da lalacewar muhalli.” Shirye-shiryen NELSAP suna ƙarƙashin manyan fannoni guda biyu: Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba, da Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

==== Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba ====

Wannan fanni na shirin ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyuka:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Kagera da Ci gaba da aka ƙaddamar a watan Disamba 2005. Ana raba shirin tsakanin Burundi, Tanzaniya, Rwanda da Uganda.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Mara da Ci gaba a wuraren shakatawa na Mara da Serengeti da aka fara a watan Janairu 2006. Ana raba shi tsakanin Tanzaniya da Kenya.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Sio-Malaba-Malakisi da Ci gaba wanda Kenya da Uganda suka raba, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka ci gaba da rage rikice-rikice tsakanin al’ummomi masu amfani da albarkatun ruwa na ƙananan koguna uku da ke fitowa daga gangaren Dutsen Elgon. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Janairu 2006.
*Shirin Gwaji na Kamun Kifi a Tafkin Edward da Tafkin Albert a Uganda da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo, wanda ya haɗa da saka hannun jari na ƙananan al’umma don inganta kariyar wuraren tattara ruwa, gina hanyoyin shiga, da samar da ruwan sha da tsafta. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Yuni 2005 kuma an tsara kammalawa a 2007. Bankin Ci gaban Afirka yana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga wannan shirin.
*Shirin Rage Ciyawar Ruwa a Kogin Kagera, wani ɓangare na Shirin Gudanar da Muhalli na Tafkin Victoria tare da haɗin gwiwar Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzaniya da Uganda.

==== Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci ====

Wannan fanni na shirin yana mai da hankali kan tsare-tsaren saka hannun jari da shirye-shiryen manyan ayyukan saka hannun jari kamar aikin Haɗin Layin Wutar Lantarki da Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls na Yanki. Wannan ya haɗa da gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar farko da tantancewa.

A watan Disamba 2005 ministocin NELSAP guda shida masu kula da harkokin wutar lantarki sun amince da Tsarin Jagora na Wutar Lantarki na Yanki. Tsarin ya haɗa da jerin zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki da aka fi tantancewa da ayyukan haɗin layin wutar lantarki na shekaru 20 masu zuwa, ciki har da batutuwan zamantakewa da muhalli.

Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls a Kogin Kagera ana sa ran zai zama mad

== Kuɗi ==

Kungiyar Kogin Nile tana samun tallafi daga gudummawar ƙasashen NBI da kuma tallafin cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya – kamar Bankin Duniya, Global Environmental Facility da African Development Bank – da sauran masu bayar da tallafi. A shekarar 2003, Bankin Duniya ya kafa asusun masu bayar da tallafi domin daidaita gudummawar su. Masu bayar da tallafi ta hanyar Nile Basin Trust Fund har zuwa farkon shekarar 2008 sun haɗa da Kanada, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden da United Kingdom. Sauran masu bayar da tallafi ga NBI sun haɗa da Finland, Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, Latvia, Estonia, EU da kuma wasu hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kamar UNDP da FAO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=43&amp;Itemid=97|title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative|website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har zuwa farkon shekarar 2008, masu bayar da tallafi sun bayar da sama da dala miliyan 130 daga cikin alkawarin asali na dala miliyan 150. Gwamnatocin ƙasashen Kogin Nile sun bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 14.4.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=46&amp;Itemid=98|title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative|website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manazarta ===</text>
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      <text bytes="22438" sha1="9tyaoozwc37na2chpgyrjcfwx0goizv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:The_Basin_of_the_Nile_River_in_Egypt_to_illustrate_Sir_S.W._Baker's_Routes_and_Discoveries.jpg|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin jihohin da ke kusa da [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] wanda &quot;ke neman bunkasa kogin a hanyar hadin gwiwa, raba fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da inganta zaman lafiya da tsaro na yanki&quot;. NBI ta fara ne da tattaunawa tsakanin jihohin da ke cikin kogi wanda ya haifar da burin ra'ayi na ra'ayi &quot;don cimma ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa ta hanyar amfani da daidaito, da kuma amfana daga, albarkatun ruwa na Kogin Nilu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun 1999 &lt;ref name=&quot;NBI Background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=13&amp;Itemid=42 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta ministocin ruwa na kasashe tara da ke raba kogin: [[Misra|Misira]], [[Sudan]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Burundi]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), da [[Eritrea]] a matsayin mai kallo. Tun daga farkonsa Bankin Duniya da sauran abokan hulɗa na waje sun goyi bayan shirin Nilu Basin Initiative da sauran abokan tarayya na waje. &quot;Aikin ci gaba mai kula da kuma masu yawa na Nilu Basing Trust&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;The World Bank, 2010, pgs. 90-95 {{Cite web |title=Sustaining water for all in a changing climate: World Bank Group Implementation Progress Report |url=http://water.worldbank.org/water/publications/sustaining-water-all-changing-climate-world-bank-group-implementation-progress-report |access-date=2011-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, jihohi biyar da ke sama sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki (CFA) don neman ƙarin ruwa daga Kogin Nilu da kuma kafa haƙƙin raba ruwa tsakanin jihohin NBI - matakin da Masar da Sudan suka yi tsayayya da shi sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC May 14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 May 2010 |title=East Africa seeks more Nile water from Egypt |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8682387.stm |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda da Tanzania sune masu sanya hannu na asali tare da Burundi sanya hannu a watan Fabrairun 2011. Yarjejeniyar ta tabbatar da Habasha, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, da Burundi tsakanin 2013 da 2023, tare da Sudan ta Kudu ta tabbatar da CFA a ranar 8 ga Yuli 2024 . &lt;ref name=&quot;nbi-cfa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cooperative Framework Agreement {{!}} Content of the CFA |url=https://nilebasin.org/about-us/cooperative-framework-agreement |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Nile Basin Initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indug-20240812&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=Ronald |date=12 August 2024 |title=South Sudan signs Nile Treaty |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/south-sudan-signs-nile-treaty/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)|The Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; DRC ta guje wa, yayin da Masar da Sudan suka ki sanya hannu bayan sun yi tir da CFA a matsayin ƙoƙari na rage rabon su na ruwan Nilu. Duk da wadannan ƙin yarda, CFA a hukumance ta zama doka a kan jihohin NBI a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap-20241014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=14 October 2024 |title=Nile basin nations say water-sharing accord has come into force without Egypt's backing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nile-river-accord-egypt-ethiopia-water-sharing-e245661a016bb75d9337d3e45a7753f7 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[AP News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin ma'aikata ==
Tsarin ma'aikatar NBI ya ƙunshi manyan cibiyoyi uku: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative |url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=30&amp;Itemid=77 |website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Majalisar Ministocin Harkokin Ruwa ta Nilu tana ba da jagorar manufofi kuma tana yanke shawara. Shugabancinsa yana kan sauyawa na shekara guda. Ana zabar mai karɓar bakuncin taron majalisa na yau da kullun a matsayin Shugaban shekara mai zuwa. Tun daga watan Yunin 2010 shugaban shine [[Asfaw Dingamo]], Ministan Harkokin Ruwa na Habasha, wanda aka zaba a taron 18 na yau da kullun a Addis Ababa a watan Yunin 2010. Ministan albarkatun ruwa da ban ruwa na Masar, [[Mohamed Nasr el Din Allam|Mohamed Nasr da Din Allam]] (2009-10), wanda aka zaba a taron na 17 a Alexandria a watan Yulin 2009, da kuma [[Jose Endundu]], Ministan Muhalli na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (2008-09) da Ministan Ruwa da Muhalli na Uganda, [[Maria Mutagamba]] (2007-2008) ne suka riga shi. Majalisar tana gudanar da tarurruka na shekara-shekara na yau da kullun da kuma tarurruka masu ban mamaki. An gudanar da tarurruka na musamman a watan Mayu 2009 a Kinshasa kuma a watan Afrilu 2010 a Sharm el-Sheikh .
* '''Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha na NBI''', wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1998. Ya ƙunshi manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati kuma yana ba da shawara ta fasaha da taimako ga Majalisar Ministoci. Kwamitin ya kunshi wakili daya daga kowace ƙasa mai kogi da kuma madadin daya. Yana haɗuwa sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara.
* '''Sakatariyar NBI''', wacce aka kafa a 1999 tana ba da tallafin gudanarwa ga Majalisar Ministoci da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha. Tana zaune ne a Entebbe, Uganda, karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta. Matsayin yana kan juyawa na tsawon shekaru 2. Babban Darakta na yanzu, Teferra Beyene Asfaw daga Habasha, ya hau mulki a watan Satumbar 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nile Basin Initiative - Member States |url=http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222412/http://www.nilebasin.org/newsite/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=141%3Aintroducing-the-nbi-new-executive-director-a-head-of-strategic-planning&amp;catid=40%3Alatest-news&amp;Itemid=84&amp;lang=en |archive-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Nilu na Gabas (ENTRO), wanda ke zaune a Addis Ababa, da kuma NELSAP Coordinating Unit (NELSAP-CU), wanda ke aiki a Kigali, Rwanda, suna gudanar da shirye-shirye guda biyu. Bugu da kari, ayyuka daban-daban a karkashin Shirin Share Vision suna da rukunin gudanar da ayyukan yanki da ke Alkahira (koyarwa da aka yi amfani da shi), Addis Ababa (shirye-shiryen albarkatun ruwa), Dar es-Salaam (cinikin wutar lantarki) da Nairobi (aikin noma).

== Babban shirye-shirye ==
NBI ta kunshi manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Shirin Shared Vision, Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu da Shirin Ayyukan Kudancin Kogin Nilu.

=== Shirin Ra'ayi na Ra'ayi ===
Shirin Shared Vision (SVP), &quot;wani shirin Basin-wide wanda ke mai da hankali kan gina cibiyoyin, raba bayanai da bayanai, samar da horo da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin tattaunawa da hanyoyin sadarwar yanki da ake buƙata don warware matsalolin hadin gwiwa, ci gaban hadin gwiwa da haɓaka shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari na bangarori da yawa don haɓaka albarkatun ruwa ta hanyar ɗorewa. &quot;  Ana tallafawa ta hanyar tallafi da niyyar haɓaka amincewa don gina yanayin da ke ba da damar saka hannun jari. A cikin 2010 ya haɗa da ayyukan takwas masu zuwa waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan horar da yanki:

* Shirin Horar da Ayyuka wanda ke ba da horo a cikin [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa]];
* a Confidence-Building and Stakeholder Involvement Project cewa &quot;yana aiki don kara yawan masu ruwa da tsaki - daga manufofi da masu yanke shawara, zuwa kananan 'yan kasuwa maza da mata, zuwa masunta da manoma, zuwa kungiyoyin addini da matasa&quot;;
* Shirin Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Yankin;
* a Transboundary Environmental Action Project wanda &quot;ke ba da horo a cikin kula da muhalli da saka idanu, saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa, da kiyaye wuraren da ke da ruwa&quot;;
* ingantaccen Amfani da Ruwa don Aikin Gona;
* Aikin Gudanar da albarkatun ruwa;
* A Social-economic and Benefits Sharing Project wanda ke gina &quot;cibiyar sadarwa ta kwararru daga tsarin tattalin arziki da cibiyoyin bincike, masana fasaha daga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, malamai, masu ilimin zamantakewa, da wakilan kungiyoyin jama'a kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu&quot;;
* Aikin Gudanar da Ra'ayi.

=== Shirin Ayyuka na Gabashin Nilu ===
'''Shirin Ayyuka na [[Blue Nile|Gabashin Nilu]]''' (ENSAP) &quot;yana neman bunkasa albarkatun ruwa na Gabashin Kogin Nilu a hanyar da ta dace don tabbatar da wadata, tsaro da zaman lafiya ga dukkan mutanenta&quot;. Ofishin Fasaha na Yankin Gabashin Nilu (ENTRO) ne ke gudanar da shi wanda ke Addis Ababa, Habasha. An haɗa shi cikin saka hannun jari mai sauri da kuma mafi rikitarwa, saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci.

==== Kasuwanci mai sauri ====
Wannan waƙar ta haɗa da ayyuka huɗu a farkon 2008: &lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty and Sustainability |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home |website=www.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Shirin gudanar da ruwa''' na Yankin yana da niyyar kafa gudanarwa mai ɗorewa na ruwa a kan [[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]], Atbara, Mareb, [[Blue Nile|Abbay]] / [[Blue Nile]] da kogin [[Kogin Baro|Baro]] / [[Kogin Akobo|Akobo]] / [[Kogin Sobat|Sobat]] a Habasha da Sudan. Shafukan aikin farko da aka gano sun haɗa da [[Tafkin Nasser]] / Nubia a Misira; [[Kogin Jamma|Jamma]], Reb, da ƙananan wuraren [[Kogin Gumara|Gumara]], da kuma gudanar da ruwa a [[Tafkin Tana|Tana]]-Beles a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Ci gaban Ruwa na Tana-Bels a Habasha; da ƙananan Atbara, Dutsen [[Ingessena]] da yankunan da ke kusa da Dinder National Park a Sudan.

== Hanya mai amfani da yawa ==

Hanya mai amfani da yawa ta haɗa da jerin bincike da aka yi niyya don haɓaka kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari, da kuma shirin wucin gadi na saka hannun jari da aka kira Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

=== Ci gaban kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari ===

Za a haɓaka takamaiman kayan aikin nazari na gama-gari don sashen wutar lantarki, kula da kogin ruwa da ban ruwa/tsotse ruwa, wanda aka haɗa da samfurin tsare-tsare na gaba ɗaya.
  
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Gudanar da Kogin Ruwa''' ana ɗaukar shi ta Bankin Duniya a matsayin ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci don ƙayyade saka hannun jari na gaba a yankin kogin ruwa. Binciken zai gina tushen bayanai na gama-gari daga inda za a tantance tasirin dabarun kula da ƙasar daban-daban a matakin yankin. Wannan binciken zai haɗa da nazarin iyaka na tsarin kogin ruwa na Gabashin Nilu da rayuwar da ke tattare da shi, sannan ya nazarci yadda fa'idodi ke rarrabuwa a ƙasashen uku ƙarƙashin dabarun kula da kogin ruwa daban-daban.
*'''Shirin Zuba Jari na Kasuwancin Wutar Lantarki na Gabashin Nilu''' wani ɓangare ne na ƙoƙarin haɓaka kasuwancin wutar lantarki na yankin ta hanyar daidaita tsare-tsare da haɓaka ayyukan wutar lantarki da haɗin layin wutar lantarki a ƙasashen Gabashin Nilu guda uku. Wannan binciken ya haɗa da tantance girma da yiwuwar kasuwar wutar lantarki ta Gabashin Nilu, zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki a ƙasashen uku, wuraren da za a iya haɗa layin wutar lantarki, da yiwuwar yarjejeniyar kasuwancin wutar lantarki.
*'''Binciken Haɗin Gwiwa na Ban Ruwa da Tsotse Ruwa''' ya haɗa da nazarin yankin na ban ruwa da damar ci gaba, da kuma nazarin injiniya na wurare na musamman. Nazarin yankin yana neman haɓaka ƙa'idoji don zaɓar ayyukan da suka shafi yankin, auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen ayyukan ban ruwa daga hangen nesa na ƙasa da yankin, da kuma binciken zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran cibiyoyi da dokoki don daidaita hanyar ci gaban karkara da sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar yankin.
*'''Shirin Samfurin Tsare-tsaren Gabashin Nilu''' an yi niyya ne don taimaka wa Masar, Habasha da Sudan wajen gano, shirya, da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba na haɗin gwiwa da ke amfani ga duk ƙasashen uku.

=== Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa ===

Shirin Haɗin Gwiwa na Amfani da Yawa (JMP) shiri ne na dogon lokaci da ke da hangen nesa na shekaru 25-30 wanda ya haɗa da daidaitattun saka hannun jari don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa da gudanar da ruwan Gabashin Nilu da ake rabawa, ciki har da Abbay (Nilu Shuɗi), Tekeze (Setit)-Atbara, Baro-Akobo-Sobat, wasu sassan Nilu Fari da Nilu Babba. Jerin farko na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin shirin na iya haɗawa da:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*'''Gudanar da kogin ruwa da muhalli''', ciki har da dasa itatuwa, sarrafa lalacewar gefen kogin, da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin rayuwa daban-daban.
*'''Haɗa kogin da tsarin wutar lantarki''' ta hanyar ginshiƙin ababen more rayuwa da ya haɗa da layin wutar lantarki na yankin da ƙara ƙarfin adana ruwa don sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa da adana ruwa. Sauran fa'idodi masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da ingantaccen zirga-zirgar cikin gida ta ruwa, haɓaka kamun kifi da wadataccen ruwan da zai kula da muhallin ruwa mai mahimmanci.
*'''Haɓaka samar da kayan gona''' ta hanyar ƙarfafa da faɗaɗa ban ruwa na noma, tare da saka hannun jari na musamman a harkar kasuwancin noma, tallace-tallace, da sauran ayyukan tallafin noma. Ingantaccen kula da kogin ruwa zai kuma taimaka wajen faɗaɗa tattara ruwan sama, inganta samar da dabbobi, da haɓaka ci gaban kamun kifi.
*'''Saka hannun jari na ƙarin don haɓaka ci gaba da haɗin yankin''', kamar a cikin sadarwa, sufuri, masana'antu, yawon shakatawa, da tsarin bashi.
*'''Kafa cibiyoyi don haɗin gwiwa''', ciki har da sabbin hanyoyin kuɗi, tsarin bayanai na gama-gari, da ingantaccen sadarwar jama'a da gaskiya.

=== Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu ===

Shirin Aikin Ƙananan Tafkunan Nilu (NELSAP) “shiri ne na saka hannun jari ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Nilu Basin Initiative (NBI). Manufarsa ita ce taimakawa wajen rage talauci, haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma dakatar da lalacewar muhalli.” Shirye-shiryen NELSAP suna ƙarƙashin manyan fannoni guda biyu: Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba, da Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

==== Gudanar da Albarkatun Halitta da Ci gaba ====

Wannan fanni na shirin ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyuka:&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSAP&quot;/&gt;

*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Kagera da Ci gaba da aka ƙaddamar a watan Disamba 2005. Ana raba shirin tsakanin Burundi, Tanzaniya, Rwanda da Uganda.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Mara da Ci gaba a wuraren shakatawa na Mara da Serengeti da aka fara a watan Janairu 2006. Ana raba shi tsakanin Tanzaniya da Kenya.
*Shirin Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa na Sio-Malaba-Malakisi da Ci gaba wanda Kenya da Uganda suka raba, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka ci gaba da rage rikice-rikice tsakanin al’ummomi masu amfani da albarkatun ruwa na ƙananan koguna uku da ke fitowa daga gangaren Dutsen Elgon. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Janairu 2006.
*Shirin Gwaji na Kamun Kifi a Tafkin Edward da Tafkin Albert a Uganda da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo, wanda ya haɗa da saka hannun jari na ƙananan al’umma don inganta kariyar wuraren tattara ruwa, gina hanyoyin shiga, da samar da ruwan sha da tsafta. An ƙaddamar da shirin a watan Yuni 2005 kuma an tsara kammalawa a 2007. Bankin Ci gaban Afirka yana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga wannan shirin.
*Shirin Rage Ciyawar Ruwa a Kogin Kagera, wani ɓangare na Shirin Gudanar da Muhalli na Tafkin Victoria tare da haɗin gwiwar Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzaniya da Uganda.

==== Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki da Kasuwanci ====

Wannan fanni na shirin yana mai da hankali kan tsare-tsaren saka hannun jari da shirye-shiryen manyan ayyukan saka hannun jari kamar aikin Haɗin Layin Wutar Lantarki da Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls na Yanki. Wannan ya haɗa da gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar farko da tantancewa.

A watan Disamba 2005 ministocin NELSAP guda shida masu kula da harkokin wutar lantarki sun amince da Tsarin Jagora na Wutar Lantarki na Yanki. Tsarin ya haɗa da jerin zaɓuɓɓukan samar da wutar lantarki da aka fi tantancewa da ayyukan haɗin layin wutar lantarki na shekaru 20 masu zuwa, ciki har da batutuwan zamantakewa da muhalli.

Shirin Wutar Lantarki da Aikin Amfani da Yawa na Rusumo Falls a Kogin Kagera ana sa ran zai zama mad

== Kuɗi ==

Kungiyar Kogin Nile tana samun tallafi daga gudummawar ƙasashen NBI da kuma tallafin cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya – kamar Bankin Duniya, Global Environmental Facility da African Development Bank – da sauran masu bayar da tallafi. A shekarar 2003, Bankin Duniya ya kafa asusun masu bayar da tallafi domin daidaita gudummawar su. Masu bayar da tallafi ta hanyar Nile Basin Trust Fund har zuwa farkon shekarar 2008 sun haɗa da Kanada, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden da United Kingdom. Sauran masu bayar da tallafi ga NBI sun haɗa da Finland, Faransa, Jamus, Italiya, Latvia, Estonia, EU da kuma wasu hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kamar UNDP da FAO.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=43&amp;Itemid=97|title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative|website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har zuwa farkon shekarar 2008, masu bayar da tallafi sun bayar da sama da dala miliyan 130 daga cikin alkawarin asali na dala miliyan 150. Gwamnatocin ƙasashen Kogin Nile sun bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 14.4.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nilebasin.org/?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=46&amp;Itemid=98|title=homepage &amp;#124; Nile Basin Initiative|website=nilebasin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙudurin ƙasashen sama don kafa Hukumar Kogin Nilu ==
A watan Mayu 2010, ƙasashe biyar na sama sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya domin neman ƙarin ruwa daga Kogin Nilu da kuma kafa haƙƙin rabon ruwa tsakanin ƙasashen NBI — matakin da Masar da Sudan suka ƙi sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC May 14&quot;/&gt; Yarjejeniyar Haɗin Gwiwa (CFA), wadda aka tattauna tsawon shekaru a ƙarƙashin tsarin NBI, ta kasance a buɗe don rattaba hannu na tsawon shekara guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;News Dire&quot;&gt;NewsDire - Ethiopian News Service: 16 May 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Habasha, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi da Tanzaniya sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar; Habasha ta tabbatar da ita a 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Ethiopia Ratifies River Nile Treaty amid Egypt Tension | publisher=BBC News | date=June 13, 2013 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22894294}}&lt;/ref&gt; DR Congo ta ƙi rattaba hannu, yayin da Masar da Sudan suka ƙi yin hakan. Kakakin gwamnatin Masar ya ce a watan Mayu 2010 cewa &quot;Masar ba za ta shiga ko ta rattaba hannu kan kowace yarjejeniya da za ta shafi rabonta ba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=GERD &amp; Ethiopian Water Resources: Is it an 'Aspiration for Hydropower' or 'Hegemony for Water Power'?! - Opinion - Ahram Online | url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/4/372290/Opinion/GERD--Ethiopian-Water-Resources-Is-it-an-Aspiratio.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617062235/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/4/372290/Opinion/GERD--Ethiopian-Water-Resources-Is-it-an-Aspiratio.aspx | access-date=2025-05-25 | archive-date=2020-06-17 | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar an tsara shi tun a taron ministoci na 2007, amma aka jinkirta da bukatar Masar.&lt;ref name=&quot;All Africa February 2009&quot;/&gt; Ƙasashen sama daga baya suka yanke shawarar rattaba hannu a taron ministoci na Kinshasa a watan Mayu 2009 ba tare da duk ƙasashen sun rattaba hannu a lokaci guda ba. Amma aka sake jinkirta, sannan a taron ministoci na Afrilu 2010 a Sharm el-Sheikh, Masar ta sake neman a jinkirta. Sashe na &quot;tsaron ruwa&quot; (Sashe 14b) ya jawo ƙalubale daga Masar da Sudan. Sashe ya ce ƙasashen mambobi za su yi aiki tare don tabbatar da &quot;ba za su ''muhimmanci'' shafi tsaron ruwa na kowace ƙasa ta Kogin Nilu ba&quot;. Masar da Sudan suna so a rubuta &quot;Ba za a shafi tsaron ruwa da amfani na yanzu da haƙƙin kowace ƙasa ta Kogin Nilu ba&quot; ba tare da kalmar &quot;muhimmanci&quot; ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;All Africa February 2009&quot;/&gt; Tsohon ministan albarkatun ruwa na Masar, Mahmoud Abu-Zeid, ya ga yarjejeniyar a matsayin kyakkyawan farawa, yana cewa &quot;duk sun amince da fiye da kashi 95 cikin 100 na sassan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ashenafi Abedje, Voice of America: Nile River Countries Consider Cooperative Framework Agreement, March 18, 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Sashe kan kariya da kiyaye kogin da muhalli – kamar Sudd a Sudan – da kuma sashe da ke buƙatar &quot;sanarwa kafin&quot; gina sabbin madatsun ruwa ya kasance mai jawo muhawara a tattaunawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;All Africa February 2009&quot;&gt;AllAfrica.com: Rift Widens as Egypt, Sudan Delay Signing Nile Basin Pact, 23 February 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Wakilan ƙasashen sama sun ce sun &quot;gaji da neman izini daga Masar kafin amfani da ruwan Nilu don kowace hanya ta ci gaba kamar ban ruwa&quot;, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar da aka rattaba hannu a lokacin mulkin mallaka tsakanin Masar da Birtaniya a 1929 ta tanada,&lt;ref&gt;Afrik.com: Ethiopian led river Nile agreement signed without Egypt and Sudan, 14 May 2010&lt;/ref&gt; amma daga baya sun nuna goyon baya ga Masar bayan jerin tattaunawa da yarjejeniyoyi da hulɗar kasuwanci da ƙasashen Kogin Nilu suka kusanci Masar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/09/burundi-speaks-egypt-gerd-crisis | title=Burundi speaks up for Egypt in GERD crisis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/04/egypt-strengthens-ties-rwanda-amid-nile-dam-crisis | title=Egypt strengthens ties with Rwanda amid Nile dam crisis}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/egypt-seeks-kenya-s-support-in-row-with-ethiopia-over-dam--2460896 | title=Egypt seeks Kenya's help in row with Ethiopia over Nile dam | date=8 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/09/egypt-congo-africa-support-ethiopia-nile-dam-dispute.html | title=Congo backs Egypt in Nile dam dispute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/06/egypt-boosts-ties-tanzania-amid-ongoing-nile-dam-dispute | title=Egypt boosts ties with Tanzania amid ongoing Nile dam dispute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/04/egypt-uganda-agree-share-military-intelligence | title=Egypt, Uganda agree to share military intelligence}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yarjejeniyar, da zarar ta fara aiki, za ta mayar da NBI zuwa Hukumar Kogin Nilu ta dindindin.

Yarjejeniyar ta samu amincewa daga Habasha, Rwanda, Tanzaniya, Uganda, Burundi, da Kudancin Sudan tsakanin 2013 da 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;nbi-cfa&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indug-20240812&quot; /&gt; Duk da ƙalubale daban-daban, CFA ta zama doka mai ɗaure ƙasashen NBI a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap-20241014&quot; /&gt;
=== Manazarta ===</text>
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    <title>Kribi killi</title>
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      <text bytes="1491" sha1="1ywnvuo08e0p5ii1fjflxikr73ab4d3" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Kribi killi''' ('''''Fundulopanchax kribianus''''')  wani nau'in Kiwo ne na [[Afirka]] wanda galibi ke zaune a cikin maras kyau da ɓangarorin raƙuman ruwa a cikin gandun daji na bakin teku. Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare a [[Kamaru]]. Kifi mai girma ya kai matsakaicin tsawon kusan 9 centimeters (3.5 inci).  Ma'aurata masu shayarwa na nau'in galibi suna sa qwai a kasa, amma a wasu lokuta kuma a cikin tushen tsire-tsire masu iyo kyauta. Ma'aurata suna kasancewa kusa na ɗan lokaci, tare da ƙwai kaɗan da ake samarwa kowace rana. Wani lokaci ana kiyaye shi a cikin bauta amma yana da matsakaici da wuya a kiyaye shi kuma a haife shi a cikin [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]]. Duk da haka, an kiyaye nau'in a cikin akwatin kifaye tun 1905 kamar yadda Arnold, Meinken da Ahl suka rubuta, waɗanda suka bayyana F. fallax a 1939, shekaru da yawa bayan shigo da shi na kasuwanci na farko.&lt;ref&gt;Moelants, T. (2010). &quot;Fundulopanchax fallax&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010 e.T181942A7769920. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T181942A7769920.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kifi daga Kribi shine F. kribianus, ana samun F. schwoiseri a Malende, yayin da ake samun F. fallax a Mouanka da Fifindi, akwai bambance-bambance na morphological da ke bayyane ga ido mara kyau wanda ke bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun nau'in a cikin nau'ikan launi da yawa a cikin Terra Typica - a cikin kulawar F. kribianum: orange, blue da rawaya.

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Rubutu mai gwaɓi''''''annan '''jerin koguna ne a [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]]''' . An tsara wannan jerin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tare da magudanar ruwa da aka yi musu lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowace babbar rafi.

* Masarinko Bolon
** Niji Bolon
* [[Kogin Gambiya]]
** Buniadu Bolon
** Lamin Bolon
** Mandina Bolon
** Pirang Bolon
** Bulok Bolon
** Sami Bolon
** [[Bintang Bolon]]
** Jurunku Bolon
** [[Koular Bolon|Bolon Koular]] (Ƙaramin Bolon Minium)
** [[Boa Bolon]]
** [[Sofaniama Bolon]]
** Simbara Bolon
** [[Nianija Bolon]]
** Pallan Bolon
** Pachar Bolon
** [[Sandougou River|Kogin Sandougou]]
** Punti Bolon
** Mansala Bolon
** Sankutu Bolon
** Tuba Kuta Bolon
** Bolon na Prufu
*** Kumbija Bolon
** Shima Simong Bolon
** Sine Bolon
* Oyster Creek
* Cape Creek
* Kotu Stream
* Kogin Tanji
* Kogin Tujering
* Kogin Benifet
* Kogin Allahein

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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1187114917|Chini (reservoir)]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1459" sha1="grhnbkxigwzjy8iwddo2biwguo5hsz3" xml:space="preserve">'''Chini''' ƙaramin ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke Melfa ( Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'', Yankin Tigray, [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ). An gina madatsar ruwa mai tsawon mita 151 mai ɗauke da ma'ajiyar ruwa a shekarar 1993 ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray .  An gina ta ne musamman don amfanin shayar da dabbobi. [[Ruwan ruwa|Ma'adanar]] ruwa tana da girman kilomita 1.86, tare da kewayen kilomita 5.15 da tsawon mita 1800. Ma'adanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin ma'adanar ruwa ya ƙunshi Ashangi Basalts . &lt;ref name=&quot;joke&quot; /&gt; Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zahiri, a cikin kewayen ma'adanar ruwa, matakin ma'adanar ruwa a sama da ƙasa ya ƙaru sosai, kuma yankin ya zama kore sosai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844527</id>
      <parentid>844526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:03:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1471" sha1="n96y25jy4t9okqyqqlcxg3275xrvm33" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Chini''' ƙaramin ma'ajiyar ruwa ne da ke Melfa ( Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'', Yankin Tigray, [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ). An gina madatsar ruwa mai tsawon mita 151 mai ɗauke da ma'ajiyar ruwa a shekarar 1993 ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Tigray .  An gina ta ne musamman don amfanin shayar da dabbobi. [[Ruwan ruwa|Ma'adanar]] ruwa tana da girman kilomita 1.86, tare da kewayen kilomita 5.15 da tsawon mita 1800. Ma'adanar ruwa tana fama da saurin [[Seltation|zaftarewar ƙasa]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2006 |title=Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=17 |pages=211–230 |doi=10.1002/ldr.698 |s2cid=129834993 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin ma'adanar ruwa ya ƙunshi Ashangi Basalts . &lt;ref name=&quot;joke&quot; /&gt; Wani ɓangare na ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi don ban ruwa yana ɓacewa ta hanyar zubewa ; sakamako mai kyau shine cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen sake cika ruwan ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nigussie Haregeweyn |first=and colleagues |date=2008 |title=Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors |journal=Catena |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=65–76 |bibcode=2008Caten..75...65H |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zahiri, a cikin kewayen ma'adanar ruwa, matakin ma'adanar ruwa a sama da ƙasa ya ƙaru sosai, kuma yankin ya zama kore sosai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Tendaho</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844529</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:07:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1196021410|Tendaho Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844529</origin>
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      <text bytes="749" sha1="3gelbs7qzxxl78508h6y0103by254gg" xml:space="preserve">
'''Madatsar ruwan Tendaho''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa a yankin gabashin [[yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|ƙasar Habasha]] . Tana kan [[kogin Awash]], kuma madatsar ruwanta ma tana karɓar ruwan [[kogin Mille]] . Madatsar ruwan wani aiki ne na Kamfanin Gina Ruwa na Habasha (EWWCE). An fara tsara aikin a shekarar 2005, inda aka fara gina ta daga 2010 zuwa 2014. An yi nufin samar da ban ruwa musamman ga shukar rake ''ta masana'antar rake ta Tendaho'',  da kuma ruwan sha ga yankin. Daga cikin kadada 60,000 na ƙasar da aka shirya yin ban ruwa, za a ware 10,000 don ayyukan jin daɗi da kuma al'umma, sannan sauran kadada 50,000 don noman rake ga masana'antar sukari.

,  sama ( Filin Jirgin Sama na Semera ) da kuma jami'a.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844530</id>
      <parentid>844529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:07:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844530</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="760" sha1="c61kqp34bu0ne84qxcbwu4j2zalaweg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Tendaho''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa a yankin gabashin [[yankin Afar]] na [[Itofiya|ƙasar Habasha]] . Tana kan [[kogin Awash]], kuma madatsar ruwanta ma tana karɓar ruwan [[kogin Mille]] . Madatsar ruwan wani aiki ne na Kamfanin Gina Ruwa na Habasha (EWWCE). An fara tsara aikin a shekarar 2005, inda aka fara gina ta daga 2010 zuwa 2014. An yi nufin samar da ban ruwa musamman ga shukar rake ''ta masana'antar rake ta Tendaho'',  da kuma ruwan sha ga yankin. Daga cikin kadada 60,000 na ƙasar da aka shirya yin ban ruwa, za a ware 10,000 don ayyukan jin daɗi da kuma al'umma, sannan sauran kadada 50,000 don noman rake ga masana'antar sukari.

,  sama ( Filin Jirgin Sama na Semera ) da kuma jami'a.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dams da tafkuna a Habasha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844533</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:10:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1286340701|Dams and reservoirs in Ethiopia]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21860" sha1="rwxa5kgblrzuf459ovk5dmb5yfhxf5d" xml:space="preserve">Ana kiran [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da ''hasumiyar ruwa'' ta Afirka saboda haɗakar yankunan tsaunuka da kuma babban kaso na albarkatun ruwa a Afirka. Kashi ɗaya ne kawai na wannan damar aka yi amfani da ita zuwa yanzu, kashi 1% a farkon ƙarni na 21. Domin zama ƙarfin Afirka, Habasha tana amfani da albarkatun ruwanta ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa, tafkuna, hanyoyin ban ruwa da hanyoyin karkatar da ruwa da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. Fa'idodin madatsun ruwa ba wai kawai sun takaita ga wutar lantarki ta ruwa ba ne. Madatsun ruwa da yawa madatsun ruwa ne masu amfani da yawa waɗanda aka tsara su don samar da ruwa don ban ruwa, ruwan sha da kuma shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa. Duk da haka, ana sa ran wutar lantarki ta ruwa ita ce babbar fa'idar madatsun ruwa.

== Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'ajiyar ruwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Reservoir
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Coordinates
!1st use
!2nd use
!3rd use
!Commissioned
!River
!Drainage&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;basin
!Total reservoir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;size [km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]
!Dam + height [m]
!Irrigation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;area [km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Remarks
|-
|[[Habtamu abera Dam|Aba Samuel]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.788|N|38.706|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1932
|[[Kogin Akaki|Akaki]]
|[[Kusurwar Afar|Afar Triangle]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.035&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.035
| data-sort-value=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |22
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Alwero Dam|Alwero]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.872|N|34.499|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1995
|[[Kogin Alwero|Alwero]]
|[[Nil|Nile]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.075&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.075
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Amerti Dam|Amerti]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.789|N|37.269|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2011
|Fincha
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.04&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.04
| data-sort-value=&quot;38&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |38
| data-sort-value=&quot;127&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |127
|-
|[[Angereb Dam|Angereb]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.613|N|37.486|E}}
|drinking water
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1986
|[[Mafi qarancin Angereb|Lesser Angereb]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.005&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.005
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Arjo Didessa Dam|Arjo Didessa]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.520|N|36.669|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Didessa|Didessa]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;2.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |47 / 17 / 10
| data-sort-value=&quot;800&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |800
|3 dams in total
|-
|Chomen Lake
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.561|N|37.413|E}}
|hydropower
|drinking water
|irrigation
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1973
|[[Fincha River|Fincha]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.65&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.65
| data-sort-value=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |20
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Dire Dam|Dire]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.148|N|38.934|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1999
|Dire
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.019&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.019
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Geba Dam|Geba]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.211|N|36.073|E}}
|irrigation
|hydropower
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Gebba|Gebba]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.4
| data-sort-value=&quot;58&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |46&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;70
| data-sort-value=&quot;4800&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4,800
|
|-
|[[Gefersa Dam|Gefersa]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.064|N|38.642|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1955
|Akaki
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.007&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.007
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Genale Dawa III]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|5.51|N|39.718|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
|[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale]]
|[[Kogin Jubba|Jubba]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2.6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2.6
| data-sort-value=&quot;110&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |110
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Genale Dawa VI]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|5.68|N|40.93|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Ganale
|Jubba
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.18&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.18
| data-sort-value=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |39
| data-sort-value=&quot;270&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |270
|
|-
|[[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|GERD]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|11.214|N|35.089|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Blue Nile
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;74&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |74
| data-sort-value=&quot;155&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |155
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|''irrigation'' in [[Sudan]]
|-
|[[Gidabo Dam|Gidabo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gidabo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-03 |title=Gidabo Dam Nears Fruition |url=https://addisfortune.net/articles/gidabo-dam-nears-fruition/ |access-date=2018-02-06 |publisher=Addis Fortune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.438|N|38.168|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2018
|[[Kogin Gidabo|Gidabo]]
|Rift Valley
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.063&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.063
| data-sort-value=&quot;21.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |21.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;270&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |270
|-
|[[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe I]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.831|N|37.322|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|siltation sink
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2004
|[[Kogin Gilgel Gibe|Gilgel Gibe]]
|[[Kogin Turkana|Turkana Basin]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.92&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.92
| data-sort-value=&quot;40&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |40
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|severe siltation
|-
|[[Dam din Gilgel Gibe III|Gilgel Gibe III]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.844|N|37.301|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;14.7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |14.7
| data-sort-value=&quot;243&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |243
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Kessem Dam|Kessem]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.150|N|39.883|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|[[Kogin Germama|Kessem]]
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.5
| data-sort-value=&quot;90&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |90
| data-sort-value=&quot;200&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |200
|
|-
|[[Ruwa na Koka|Koka Lake]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.468|N|39.156|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1960
|[[Kogin Awash|Awash]]
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.9
| data-sort-value=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |47
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|severe siltation
|-
|[[Ruwan ruwa na Koysha|Koysha]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.584|N|36.565|E}}
|hydropower
|fishing
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koysha hydropower ( Ethiopia ) &amp;#124; Studio Pietrangeli |url=https://www.pietrangeli.com/koysha-hydropower-plant-ethiopia-africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |6
| data-sort-value=&quot;179&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |179
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[:az:Leqadadi_bəndi|Legedadi &lt;sub&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;az&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;az&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.068|N|38.962|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1967
|Sendafa
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.044&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.044
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Megech Dam|Megech]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.505|N|37.462|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Magech|Magech]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.8
| data-sort-value=&quot;76&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |76
| data-sort-value=&quot;170&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |170
|
|-
|[[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Melka Wakena|Melka Wakena]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.225|N|39.462|E}}
|hydropower
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1989
|[[Kogin Shebelle|Shebelle]]
|[[Kogin Shebelle|Shebelle]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.75&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.75
| data-sort-value=&quot;42&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |42
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Midmar Lake]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|14.204|N|38.911|E}}
|drinking water
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1996
|[[Kogin Wari|Wari]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.01&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.01
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Neshe (dam)|Neshe]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.789|N|37.269|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2011
|Fincha
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.15
| data-sort-value=&quot;38&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |38
| data-sort-value=&quot;127&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |127
|
|-
|[[Omo Kuraz Dam|Omo Kuraz]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.302|N|36.053|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |?
| data-sort-value=&quot;22.4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |22.4
| data-sort-value=&quot;1000&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1,000
|
|-
|[[Rib Dam|Rib]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.031|N|38.008|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|drinking water
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
|[[Kogin Reb|Rib]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.234&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.234
| data-sort-value=&quot;74&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |74
| data-sort-value=&quot;200&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |200
|
|-
|-
|[[Rashin ruwa na Tekezé|Tekeze]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|13.348|N|38.742|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2010
|[[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;9.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |9.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;185&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |188
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|Tendaho
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|11.690|N|40.955|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|flood control
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2014
|Awash
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.9
| data-sort-value=&quot;53&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |53
| data-sort-value=&quot;600&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |600
|
|-
|[[Wedecha-Belebla Dam|Wedecha-Belebla]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.938|N|39.007|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1996
|
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.001&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.001
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|
|-
|[[Zarema May-Day Dam|Zarema May-Day]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|13.735|N|37.797|E}}
|irrigation
|fishing
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Zarima|Zarema]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;3.6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3.6
| data-sort-value=&quot;135&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |135
| data-sort-value=&quot;500&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |500
|
|-
|}
Auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen manyan madatsun ruwa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Sassan da ke ƙasa suna bayyana tasirin madatsun ruwa dalla-dalla gwargwadon iko, domin samar da tushe ga irin wannan kimantawa daga mai karatu. Dole ne a kwatanta su da yadda aka tsara amfani da su, duba sama.

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Gina manyan madatsun ruwa yana haifar da kuɗaɗe da yawa da za a iya gani da kuma waɗanda ba za a iya gani ba. Kuɗaɗen da kansu sun riga sun yi yawa. Matsugunin ya ƙara wa madatsun ruwa tsadar rayuwa. Zazzabin ruwa daga zaizayar ƙasa a saman koguna yana rage tsawon rayuwar madatsun ruwa. Ana sanya kuɗaɗen muhalli ga al'ummomin da ke zaune a ƙasan madatsun ruwa a Habasha. Kuma ƙasashe maƙwabta, musamman Masar, suna ganin haƙƙinsu na ruwa ya shafi tarihi kuma yana barazanar ɗaukar mataki a kan madatsun ruwa. Dogaro da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kusan ta musamman yana sa samar da wutar lantarki ya zama mai sauƙin shiga fari, wanda sauyin yanayi zai iya ƙara ta'azzara. Girgizar ƙasa kuma na iya jefa madatsun ruwa da ramukan da ke da alaƙa cikin haɗari. An sami jimillar girgizar ƙasa 16 da aka yi rikodin ta hanyar girman 6.5 ko fiye a yankunan girgizar ƙasa na Habasha a ƙarni na 20.  A ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, an gina madatsun ruwa a cikin yanayi mara kyau na shugabanci: An bayar da yawancin kwangiloli ba tare da yin gasa ba, wanda ke haifar da zargin cin hanci da rashawa. Damuwar da ke sama ta kawo cikas ga samun kuɗi daga cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya, yana rage jinkirin shirin gina madatsun ruwa.

=== Kuɗin kuɗi ===
An kiyasta cewa kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa wajen gina manyan madatsun ruwa a Habasha waɗanda aka kammala bayan shekarar 2009 kuma aka tsara za a kammala su har zuwa shekarar 2014 sun kai kimanin dala biliyan 11, ko kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na GDP na shekara-shekara na Habasha. Wannan bai haɗa da kuɗin gina layukan watsawa da faɗaɗa layin rarrabawa ba.

Ganin ƙarancin kuɗin wutar lantarki a Habasha, madatsun ruwa ba za su iya samar da babban riba na kuɗi ba, sai dai idan gwamnati ta tallafa wa samar da kayayyaki, wanda ita kanta ba ta da kuɗi. Tunda za a ba da kuɗaɗen madatsun ruwa da yawa ta hanyar lamuni, babban shirin saka hannun jari - gwargwadon yadda gwamnati ba ta ba da kuɗaɗen kai tsaye daga wajen takardar ma'aunin wutar lantarki ta ƙasa [[EEPCo]] - na iya kawo cikas ga lafiyar kuɗi ta EEPCo. Idan kamfanin wutar lantarki ya yi fatara, za a soke garantin lamuni daga gwamnatin Habasha, don haka za a sanya wa gwamnati babban farashi na kuɗi baya ga tallafin saka hannun jari daga gwamnati don gina madatsun ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, Babban Bankin Habasha ya bayar da lamuni don ba da kuɗaɗen gina [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babbar Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance ta Habasha]], mafi girma daga cikin dukkan madatsun ruwa a Habasha. Waɗannan tallafin suna da babban kuɗin dama, tunda ƙarancin kuɗaɗen gwamnati ba su samuwa don wasu saka hannun jari a ilimi, lafiya, noma ko gandun daji.

=== Jinkiri da ƙalubalen fasaha ===
Manyan ayyukan madatsun ruwa suna da saurin jinkiri. Madatsun ruwa da aka gina a Habasha ba su da bambanci da dokar kuma duk an jinkirta su da akalla shekara guda. Wani bincike mai sarkakiya game da yanayin ƙasa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin dalilan jinkirin, wanda ya haifar da zaftarewar ƙasa da rugujewar ramin. Irin waɗannan matsalolin sun shafi madatsar ruwa ta Gibe II ko da bayan kammala aikinta, lokacin da wani rami ya ruguje ya kuma dakatar da aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa tsawon watanni da dama. Babban madatsar ruwa ta sake farfaɗo da wutar lantarki ta Habasha shi ma an jinkirta ta, saboda haɓaka wutar lantarki daga watt 5250 zuwa watt 6000, matsalolin kasafin kuɗi da takaddama da gwamnatin Masar.

=== Sake matsuguni ===
Babu wani kiyasin adadin mutanen da za a sake tsugunar da su domin samar da wurin da za a gina madatsun ruwa da magudanan ruwa a Habasha. Tunda yawancin madatsun ruwa za a gina su ne a cikin ƙananan kwari, yankunan da za a cika da ruwa ba su da girma kamar, misali, a [[tafkin Nasser]] da ke Masar. Tafkin Nasser ya mamaye yanki sama da kilomita 5,000 kuma ya raba mutane sama da 60,000 da muhallansu. An aiwatar da sake tsugunar da su a Gibe cikin gamsuwa bisa ga Bankin Duniya, bisa ga manufofin sake tsugunar da cibiyoyi.  Duk da haka, ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa International Rivers ta gudanar da wani bincike kan iyalai da aka sake tsugunar da su, inda ta gano cewa da yawa daga cikin mutane 5,000 da aka sake tsugunar da su sun koka game da yanayin rayuwa a wuraren sake tsugunar da su. 

=== Slutation ===
Kogunan Habasha suna ɗauke da yawan zaftarewar ƙasa, saboda zaizayar ƙasa mai yawa wanda ke ƙaruwa sakamakon sare dazuzzuka da ayyukan noma marasa dacewa a kan tsaunuka masu tsayi. Madatsar ruwa ta ɗaya daga cikin manyan madatsun ruwa na Habasha, wato madatsar ruwa ta Awash da aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 1966, tana gab da ƙarewa da amfaninta saboda zaftarewar ƙasa. Duk da cewa yawancin madatsun ruwa da aka gina kwanan nan sun fi madatsar ruwa ta Awash girma sosai kuma suna da tsawon rai, amma a ƙarshe za su lalace. Ba a samu kimanta tsawon rayuwar madatsun ruwa ba. An yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don kula da madatsun ruwa a saman sabbin madatsun ruwa ta hanyar yin ƙasa ko sake dasa dazuzzuka.

=== Fari ===
Samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa tana fuskantar barazanar fari. Babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a Habasha, wato [[Rashin ruwa na Tekezé|madatsar ruwa ta Tekeze]], ba ta samar da wutar lantarki ba a mafi yawan shekararta ta farko bayan fara aiki saboda fari. Rarraba madatsun ruwa a kan kwaruruka biyu daban-daban ya rage ɗan haɗarin fari, wanda duk da haka har yanzu yana da yawa. Gwamnatin Habasha ta bayar da kwangiloli don wuraren shakatawa na iska a shekarar 2010. Duk da haka, girmansu ƙanƙanta ne idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kuma sama da kashi 95% na ƙarfin da aka sanya a nan gaba a Habasha ya fito ne daga wutar lantarki ta ruwa, duk da yawan damar da ake da ita na samar da wutar lantarki ta iska, hasken rana da kuma ta ƙasa.

=== Tasirin ketare iyaka ===
Kusan dukkan madatsun ruwa da Habasha ta tsara suna cikin kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] ko kuma a kan Kogin Omo. Duk kogunan biyu suna rabawa ne da maƙwabtan Habasha kuma babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke da yarjejeniyar raba ruwa ta duniya. Habasha tana shiga cikin [[Shirin Kogin Nilu|Shirin Tashar Ruwa ta Nilu]], wani dandali na tattaunawa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a kogin Nilu.

Duk da cewa wutar lantarki ta ruwa ba ta cinye ruwa, cika ma'ajiyar ruwa (cike ma'ajiyar ruwa) yana rage kwararar ruwa sau ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙafewar ruwa daga saman ma'ajiyar ruwa yana haifar da asarar ruwa na dindindin daga kogin. Ban ruwa kuma yana cinye ruwan da ba a samu don amfani da shi a ƙasa ba.

[[Blue Nile|Kogin Nilu mai launin shuɗi]] da Atbara duk suna kwarara zuwa babban Kogin Nilu. Habasha ba ta da wata yarjejeniya da Masar ko Sudan game da raba ruwan kogin. Masar ta ce madatsun ruwa na tarihi za su keta haƙƙinta na ruwa a Habasha kuma za su shafi [[Tsaro na ruwa|tsaron ruwanta]] . Masar da Sudan sun cimma yarjejeniyar raba ruwa a shekarar 1959. Yarjejeniyar ba ta la'akari da haƙƙin ruwa na sauran ƙasashen da ke gabar kogin Nilu ba. Habasha ba ta taɓa amincewa da ita ba. Duk da haka, ƙasashen uku sun sanya hannu kan Sanarwar Ka'idoji a shekarar 2015 wanda ba ya nufin yarjejeniyoyi na tarihi kuma yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da amfani da ruwan Nilu daidai wa daida. Ba a san takamaiman irin yadda madatsun ruwa a Habasha za su rage kwararar ruwa zuwa Sudan da Habasha ba. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yawan fitar ruwa zuwa Sudan da Habasha zai ragu da mita 1 a kowace shekara, yankin ban ruwa na hekta 200,000 da kuma yankin ma'adanin ruwa na kilomita 1,000, za a iya rage kwararar Nilu da mita biliyan 3 a kowace shekara, daidai da kusan kashi 5 cikin 100 na rabon da Masar ke bayarwa a yanzu a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar 1959.

=== Shugabanci ===
An bayar da kwangilolin gina madatsun ruwa na farko a Habasha a karkashin gwamnatin [[Meles Zenawi]], wanda ya hau mulki a shekarar 1991, bayan an yi tayin gasa. Wannan shine batun madatsar ruwa ta Gilgel Gibe I da kamfanin Italiya Salini ya gina a ƙarƙashin tallafin Bankin Duniya da kuma madatsar ruwa ta Tekeze da kamfanin China CWHEC ya gina tare da tallafin China. An bayar da kwangilolin biyu a shekarun 1990. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka gwamnatin Habasha ta canza manufofinta ta yanke shawarar bayar da kwangiloli kai tsaye ba tare da tayin gasa ba. Tun daga lokacin, an bayar da dukkan kwangilolin gini na madatsun ruwa da kayayyakin more rayuwa da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye, wanda hakan ya haifar da zargin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da manyan kwangiloli uku kai tsaye ga wani kamfani, Salini Costruttori na Italiya. An bayar da wasu manyan kwangiloli biyar ga kamfanonin China biyu.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="21872" sha1="6jve5flgk4ehepp9vn5bvd9hwc8z0mn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Ana kiran [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da ''hasumiyar ruwa'' ta Afirka saboda haɗakar yankunan tsaunuka da kuma babban kaso na albarkatun ruwa a Afirka. Kashi ɗaya ne kawai na wannan damar aka yi amfani da ita zuwa yanzu, kashi 1% a farkon ƙarni na 21. Domin zama ƙarfin Afirka, Habasha tana amfani da albarkatun ruwanta ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa, tafkuna, hanyoyin ban ruwa da hanyoyin karkatar da ruwa da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. Fa'idodin madatsun ruwa ba wai kawai sun takaita ga wutar lantarki ta ruwa ba ne. Madatsun ruwa da yawa madatsun ruwa ne masu amfani da yawa waɗanda aka tsara su don samar da ruwa don ban ruwa, ruwan sha da kuma shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa. Duk da haka, ana sa ran wutar lantarki ta ruwa ita ce babbar fa'idar madatsun ruwa.

== Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'ajiyar ruwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Reservoir
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Coordinates
!1st use
!2nd use
!3rd use
!Commissioned
!River
!Drainage&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;basin
!Total reservoir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;size [km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]
!Dam + height [m]
!Irrigation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;area [km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;]
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Remarks
|-
|[[Habtamu abera Dam|Aba Samuel]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.788|N|38.706|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1932
|[[Kogin Akaki|Akaki]]
|[[Kusurwar Afar|Afar Triangle]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.035&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.035
| data-sort-value=&quot;22&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |22
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Alwero Dam|Alwero]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.872|N|34.499|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1995
|[[Kogin Alwero|Alwero]]
|[[Nil|Nile]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.075&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.075
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Amerti Dam|Amerti]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.789|N|37.269|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2011
|Fincha
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.04&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.04
| data-sort-value=&quot;38&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |38
| data-sort-value=&quot;127&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |127
|-
|[[Angereb Dam|Angereb]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.613|N|37.486|E}}
|drinking water
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1986
|[[Mafi qarancin Angereb|Lesser Angereb]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.005&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.005
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Arjo Didessa Dam|Arjo Didessa]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.520|N|36.669|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Didessa|Didessa]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;2.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |47 / 17 / 10
| data-sort-value=&quot;800&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |800
|3 dams in total
|-
|Chomen Lake
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.561|N|37.413|E}}
|hydropower
|drinking water
|irrigation
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1973
|[[Fincha River|Fincha]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.65&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.65
| data-sort-value=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |20
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Dire Dam|Dire]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.148|N|38.934|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1999
|Dire
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.019&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.019
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Geba Dam|Geba]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.211|N|36.073|E}}
|irrigation
|hydropower
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Gebba|Gebba]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.4
| data-sort-value=&quot;58&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |46&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;70
| data-sort-value=&quot;4800&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4,800
|
|-
|[[Gefersa Dam|Gefersa]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.064|N|38.642|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1955
|Akaki
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.007&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.007
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Genale Dawa III]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|5.51|N|39.718|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
|[[Ganale Doria River|Ganale]]
|[[Kogin Jubba|Jubba]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;2.6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2.6
| data-sort-value=&quot;110&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |110
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Genale Dawa VI]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|5.68|N|40.93|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Ganale
|Jubba
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.18&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.18
| data-sort-value=&quot;39&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |39
| data-sort-value=&quot;270&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |270
|
|-
|[[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|GERD]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|11.214|N|35.089|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Blue Nile
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;74&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |74
| data-sort-value=&quot;155&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |155
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|''irrigation'' in [[Sudan]]
|-
|[[Gidabo Dam|Gidabo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gidabo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-02-03 |title=Gidabo Dam Nears Fruition |url=https://addisfortune.net/articles/gidabo-dam-nears-fruition/ |access-date=2018-02-06 |publisher=Addis Fortune}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.438|N|38.168|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2018
|[[Kogin Gidabo|Gidabo]]
|Rift Valley
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.063&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.063
| data-sort-value=&quot;21.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |21.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;270&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |270
|-
|[[Gilgel Gibe I Dam|Gilgel Gibe I]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.831|N|37.322|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|siltation sink
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2004
|[[Kogin Gilgel Gibe|Gilgel Gibe]]
|[[Kogin Turkana|Turkana Basin]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.92&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.92
| data-sort-value=&quot;40&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |40
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|severe siltation
|-
|[[Dam din Gilgel Gibe III|Gilgel Gibe III]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.844|N|37.301|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;14.7&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |14.7
| data-sort-value=&quot;243&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |243
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Kessem Dam|Kessem]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.150|N|39.883|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|[[Kogin Germama|Kessem]]
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.5
| data-sort-value=&quot;90&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |90
| data-sort-value=&quot;200&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |200
|
|-
|[[Ruwa na Koka|Koka Lake]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.468|N|39.156|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1960
|[[Kogin Awash|Awash]]
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.9
| data-sort-value=&quot;47&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |47
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|severe siltation
|-
|[[Ruwan ruwa na Koysha|Koysha]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.584|N|36.565|E}}
|hydropower
|fishing
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koysha hydropower ( Ethiopia ) &amp;#124; Studio Pietrangeli |url=https://www.pietrangeli.com/koysha-hydropower-plant-ethiopia-africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |6
| data-sort-value=&quot;179&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |179
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[:az:Leqadadi_bəndi|Legedadi &lt;sub&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;az&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;az&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.068|N|38.962|E}}
|drinking water
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1967
|Sendafa
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.044&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.044
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Megech Dam|Megech]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.505|N|37.462|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Magech|Magech]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.8
| data-sort-value=&quot;76&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |76
| data-sort-value=&quot;170&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |170
|
|-
|[[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Melka Wakena|Melka Wakena]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|7.225|N|39.462|E}}
|hydropower
|drinking water
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1989
|[[Kogin Shebelle|Shebelle]]
|[[Kogin Shebelle|Shebelle]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.75&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.75
| data-sort-value=&quot;42&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |42
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|[[Midmar Lake]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|14.204|N|38.911|E}}
|drinking water
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1996
|[[Kogin Wari|Wari]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.01&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.01
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|
|-
|[[Neshe (dam)|Neshe]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|9.789|N|37.269|E}}
|hydropower
|irrigation
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2011
|Fincha
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.15
| data-sort-value=&quot;38&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |38
| data-sort-value=&quot;127&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |127
|
|-
|[[Omo Kuraz Dam|Omo Kuraz]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|6.302|N|36.053|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|Omo
|Turkana Basin
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |?
| data-sort-value=&quot;22.4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |22.4
| data-sort-value=&quot;1000&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1,000
|
|-
|[[Rib Dam|Rib]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|12.031|N|38.008|E}}
|irrigation
|flood control
|drinking water
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
|[[Kogin Reb|Rib]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.234&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.234
| data-sort-value=&quot;74&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |74
| data-sort-value=&quot;200&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |200
|
|-
|-
|[[Rashin ruwa na Tekezé|Tekeze]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|13.348|N|38.742|E}}
|hydropower
|flood control
|fishing
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2010
|[[Kogin Tekezé|Tekeze]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;9.3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |9.3
| data-sort-value=&quot;185&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |188
| data-sort-value=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|siltation
|-
|Tendaho
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|11.690|N|40.955|E}}
|irrigation
|drinking water
|flood control
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2014
|Awash
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;1.9&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1.9
| data-sort-value=&quot;53&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |53
| data-sort-value=&quot;600&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |600
|
|-
|[[Wedecha-Belebla Dam|Wedecha-Belebla]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|8.938|N|39.007|E}}
|irrigation
|
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1996
|
|Afar Triangle
| data-sort-value=&quot;0.001&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |0.001
| data-sort-value=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |yes
| data-sort-value=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|
|-
|[[Zarema May-Day Dam|Zarema May-Day]]
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|13.735|N|37.797|E}}
|irrigation
|fishing
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |U/C
|[[Kogin Zarima|Zarema]]
|Nile
| data-sort-value=&quot;3.6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3.6
| data-sort-value=&quot;135&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |135
| data-sort-value=&quot;500&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |500
|
|-
|}
Auna fa'idodi da kuɗaɗen manyan madatsun ruwa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Sassan da ke ƙasa suna bayyana tasirin madatsun ruwa dalla-dalla gwargwadon iko, domin samar da tushe ga irin wannan kimantawa daga mai karatu. Dole ne a kwatanta su da yadda aka tsara amfani da su, duba sama.

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Gina manyan madatsun ruwa yana haifar da kuɗaɗe da yawa da za a iya gani da kuma waɗanda ba za a iya gani ba. Kuɗaɗen da kansu sun riga sun yi yawa. Matsugunin ya ƙara wa madatsun ruwa tsadar rayuwa. Zazzabin ruwa daga zaizayar ƙasa a saman koguna yana rage tsawon rayuwar madatsun ruwa. Ana sanya kuɗaɗen muhalli ga al'ummomin da ke zaune a ƙasan madatsun ruwa a Habasha. Kuma ƙasashe maƙwabta, musamman Masar, suna ganin haƙƙinsu na ruwa ya shafi tarihi kuma yana barazanar ɗaukar mataki a kan madatsun ruwa. Dogaro da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kusan ta musamman yana sa samar da wutar lantarki ya zama mai sauƙin shiga fari, wanda sauyin yanayi zai iya ƙara ta'azzara. Girgizar ƙasa kuma na iya jefa madatsun ruwa da ramukan da ke da alaƙa cikin haɗari. An sami jimillar girgizar ƙasa 16 da aka yi rikodin ta hanyar girman 6.5 ko fiye a yankunan girgizar ƙasa na Habasha a ƙarni na 20.  A ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, an gina madatsun ruwa a cikin yanayi mara kyau na shugabanci: An bayar da yawancin kwangiloli ba tare da yin gasa ba, wanda ke haifar da zargin cin hanci da rashawa. Damuwar da ke sama ta kawo cikas ga samun kuɗi daga cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya, yana rage jinkirin shirin gina madatsun ruwa.

=== Kuɗin kuɗi ===
An kiyasta cewa kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa wajen gina manyan madatsun ruwa a Habasha waɗanda aka kammala bayan shekarar 2009 kuma aka tsara za a kammala su har zuwa shekarar 2014 sun kai kimanin dala biliyan 11, ko kuma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na GDP na shekara-shekara na Habasha. Wannan bai haɗa da kuɗin gina layukan watsawa da faɗaɗa layin rarrabawa ba.

Ganin ƙarancin kuɗin wutar lantarki a Habasha, madatsun ruwa ba za su iya samar da babban riba na kuɗi ba, sai dai idan gwamnati ta tallafa wa samar da kayayyaki, wanda ita kanta ba ta da kuɗi. Tunda za a ba da kuɗaɗen madatsun ruwa da yawa ta hanyar lamuni, babban shirin saka hannun jari - gwargwadon yadda gwamnati ba ta ba da kuɗaɗen kai tsaye daga wajen takardar ma'aunin wutar lantarki ta ƙasa [[EEPCo]] - na iya kawo cikas ga lafiyar kuɗi ta EEPCo. Idan kamfanin wutar lantarki ya yi fatara, za a soke garantin lamuni daga gwamnatin Habasha, don haka za a sanya wa gwamnati babban farashi na kuɗi baya ga tallafin saka hannun jari daga gwamnati don gina madatsun ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, Babban Bankin Habasha ya bayar da lamuni don ba da kuɗaɗen gina [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babbar Madatsar Ruwa ta Renaissance ta Habasha]], mafi girma daga cikin dukkan madatsun ruwa a Habasha. Waɗannan tallafin suna da babban kuɗin dama, tunda ƙarancin kuɗaɗen gwamnati ba su samuwa don wasu saka hannun jari a ilimi, lafiya, noma ko gandun daji.

=== Jinkiri da ƙalubalen fasaha ===
Manyan ayyukan madatsun ruwa suna da saurin jinkiri. Madatsun ruwa da aka gina a Habasha ba su da bambanci da dokar kuma duk an jinkirta su da akalla shekara guda. Wani bincike mai sarkakiya game da yanayin ƙasa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin dalilan jinkirin, wanda ya haifar da zaftarewar ƙasa da rugujewar ramin. Irin waɗannan matsalolin sun shafi madatsar ruwa ta Gibe II ko da bayan kammala aikinta, lokacin da wani rami ya ruguje ya kuma dakatar da aikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa tsawon watanni da dama. Babban madatsar ruwa ta sake farfaɗo da wutar lantarki ta Habasha shi ma an jinkirta ta, saboda haɓaka wutar lantarki daga watt 5250 zuwa watt 6000, matsalolin kasafin kuɗi da takaddama da gwamnatin Masar.

=== Sake matsuguni ===
Babu wani kiyasin adadin mutanen da za a sake tsugunar da su domin samar da wurin da za a gina madatsun ruwa da magudanan ruwa a Habasha. Tunda yawancin madatsun ruwa za a gina su ne a cikin ƙananan kwari, yankunan da za a cika da ruwa ba su da girma kamar, misali, a [[tafkin Nasser]] da ke Masar. Tafkin Nasser ya mamaye yanki sama da kilomita 5,000 kuma ya raba mutane sama da 60,000 da muhallansu. An aiwatar da sake tsugunar da su a Gibe cikin gamsuwa bisa ga Bankin Duniya, bisa ga manufofin sake tsugunar da cibiyoyi.  Duk da haka, ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa International Rivers ta gudanar da wani bincike kan iyalai da aka sake tsugunar da su, inda ta gano cewa da yawa daga cikin mutane 5,000 da aka sake tsugunar da su sun koka game da yanayin rayuwa a wuraren sake tsugunar da su. 

=== Slutation ===
Kogunan Habasha suna ɗauke da yawan zaftarewar ƙasa, saboda zaizayar ƙasa mai yawa wanda ke ƙaruwa sakamakon sare dazuzzuka da ayyukan noma marasa dacewa a kan tsaunuka masu tsayi. Madatsar ruwa ta ɗaya daga cikin manyan madatsun ruwa na Habasha, wato madatsar ruwa ta Awash da aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 1966, tana gab da ƙarewa da amfaninta saboda zaftarewar ƙasa. Duk da cewa yawancin madatsun ruwa da aka gina kwanan nan sun fi madatsar ruwa ta Awash girma sosai kuma suna da tsawon rai, amma a ƙarshe za su lalace. Ba a samu kimanta tsawon rayuwar madatsun ruwa ba. An yi ƙoƙari kaɗan don kula da madatsun ruwa a saman sabbin madatsun ruwa ta hanyar yin ƙasa ko sake dasa dazuzzuka.

=== Fari ===
Samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa tana fuskantar barazanar fari. Babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta farko a Habasha, wato [[Rashin ruwa na Tekezé|madatsar ruwa ta Tekeze]], ba ta samar da wutar lantarki ba a mafi yawan shekararta ta farko bayan fara aiki saboda fari. Rarraba madatsun ruwa a kan kwaruruka biyu daban-daban ya rage ɗan haɗarin fari, wanda duk da haka har yanzu yana da yawa. Gwamnatin Habasha ta bayar da kwangiloli don wuraren shakatawa na iska a shekarar 2010. Duk da haka, girmansu ƙanƙanta ne idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa kuma sama da kashi 95% na ƙarfin da aka sanya a nan gaba a Habasha ya fito ne daga wutar lantarki ta ruwa, duk da yawan damar da ake da ita na samar da wutar lantarki ta iska, hasken rana da kuma ta ƙasa.

=== Tasirin ketare iyaka ===
Kusan dukkan madatsun ruwa da Habasha ta tsara suna cikin kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] ko kuma a kan Kogin Omo. Duk kogunan biyu suna rabawa ne da maƙwabtan Habasha kuma babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke da yarjejeniyar raba ruwa ta duniya. Habasha tana shiga cikin [[Shirin Kogin Nilu|Shirin Tashar Ruwa ta Nilu]], wani dandali na tattaunawa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a kogin Nilu.

Duk da cewa wutar lantarki ta ruwa ba ta cinye ruwa, cika ma'ajiyar ruwa (cike ma'ajiyar ruwa) yana rage kwararar ruwa sau ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙafewar ruwa daga saman ma'ajiyar ruwa yana haifar da asarar ruwa na dindindin daga kogin. Ban ruwa kuma yana cinye ruwan da ba a samu don amfani da shi a ƙasa ba.

[[Blue Nile|Kogin Nilu mai launin shuɗi]] da Atbara duk suna kwarara zuwa babban Kogin Nilu. Habasha ba ta da wata yarjejeniya da Masar ko Sudan game da raba ruwan kogin. Masar ta ce madatsun ruwa na tarihi za su keta haƙƙinta na ruwa a Habasha kuma za su shafi [[Tsaro na ruwa|tsaron ruwanta]] . Masar da Sudan sun cimma yarjejeniyar raba ruwa a shekarar 1959. Yarjejeniyar ba ta la'akari da haƙƙin ruwa na sauran ƙasashen da ke gabar kogin Nilu ba. Habasha ba ta taɓa amincewa da ita ba. Duk da haka, ƙasashen uku sun sanya hannu kan Sanarwar Ka'idoji a shekarar 2015 wanda ba ya nufin yarjejeniyoyi na tarihi kuma yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da amfani da ruwan Nilu daidai wa daida. Ba a san takamaiman irin yadda madatsun ruwa a Habasha za su rage kwararar ruwa zuwa Sudan da Habasha ba. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yawan fitar ruwa zuwa Sudan da Habasha zai ragu da mita 1 a kowace shekara, yankin ban ruwa na hekta 200,000 da kuma yankin ma'adanin ruwa na kilomita 1,000, za a iya rage kwararar Nilu da mita biliyan 3 a kowace shekara, daidai da kusan kashi 5 cikin 100 na rabon da Masar ke bayarwa a yanzu a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar 1959.

=== Shugabanci ===
An bayar da kwangilolin gina madatsun ruwa na farko a Habasha a karkashin gwamnatin [[Meles Zenawi]], wanda ya hau mulki a shekarar 1991, bayan an yi tayin gasa. Wannan shine batun madatsar ruwa ta Gilgel Gibe I da kamfanin Italiya Salini ya gina a ƙarƙashin tallafin Bankin Duniya da kuma madatsar ruwa ta Tekeze da kamfanin China CWHEC ya gina tare da tallafin China. An bayar da kwangilolin biyu a shekarun 1990. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka gwamnatin Habasha ta canza manufofinta ta yanke shawarar bayar da kwangiloli kai tsaye ba tare da tayin gasa ba. Tun daga lokacin, an bayar da dukkan kwangilolin gini na madatsun ruwa da kayayyakin more rayuwa da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye, wanda hakan ya haifar da zargin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da manyan kwangiloli uku kai tsaye ga wani kamfani, Salini Costruttori na Italiya. An bayar da wasu manyan kwangiloli biyar ga kamfanonin China biyu.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kotto</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1034208911|Kotto River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1300" sha1="hcjvhaprmsd9gno3095pn9g0yrq6uo5" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kotto''' (ko '''Kogin Koto''' ) wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Ubangi|kogin Oubangui]] da ke [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] .

Tushenta yana gefen kudu na Bongo Massif, kusa da Dutsen Toussoro a kan iyakar [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da [[Sudan]] . Gabaɗaya yana kwarara arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma na tsawon {{Convert|640|km|mi}} ta wuce [[Bria, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya|Bria]], ta haɗu da [[Kogin Ubangi]] {{Convert|100|km|mi|-1}} gabashin Mobaye . Kogin ya raba Tondou Massif daga sarkar [[Mongos]] a arewa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa a kan hanyarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kotto River &amp;#124; river, north-central Africa &amp;#124; Britannica.com |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kotto-River |access-date=2017-03-26 |publisher=britannica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kogin Kotto ya ba da sunansa ga larduna goma sha shida na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, [[Haute-Kotto]] da [[Basse-Kotto]] .&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Ra'ayoyin tarihi&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Canot_à_vapeur_dans_la_Kotto.jpg|alt=Steamboat on the Kotto.| Jirgin ruwa mai tururi a kan Kotto.
Fayil:Traversée_de_la_Boungou,_Hte-Kotto.jpg|alt=Crossing of the Boungou, a right tributary.| Ketare Boungou, wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ta hannun dama.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kogin Kotto''' (ko '''Kogin Koto''' ) wani yanki ne na [[Kogin Ubangi|kogin Oubangui]] da ke [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] .

Tushenta yana gefen kudu na Bongo Massif, kusa da Dutsen Toussoro a kan iyakar [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] da [[Sudan]] . Gabaɗaya yana kwarara arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma na tsawon {{Convert|640|km|mi}} ta wuce [[Bria, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya|Bria]], ta haɗu da [[Kogin Ubangi]] {{Convert|100|km|mi|-1}} gabashin Mobaye . Kogin ya raba Tondou Massif daga sarkar [[Mongos]] a arewa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa a kan hanyarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kotto River &amp;#124; river, north-central Africa &amp;#124; Britannica.com |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kotto-River |access-date=2017-03-26 |publisher=britannica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kogin Kotto ya ba da sunansa ga larduna goma sha shida na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, [[Haute-Kotto]] da [[Basse-Kotto]] .&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Ra'ayoyin tarihi&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Canot_à_vapeur_dans_la_Kotto.jpg|alt=Steamboat on the Kotto.| Jirgin ruwa mai tururi a kan Kotto.
Fayil:Traversée_de_la_Boungou,_Hte-Kotto.jpg|alt=Crossing of the Boungou, a right tributary.| Ketare Boungou, wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ta hannun dama.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Lukushi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1276655487|Lukushi River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Lukushi''' wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Luvua . Yana ratsawa daga kudu zuwa arewa ta Yankin Malemba-Nkulu na Lardin Haut-Lomami da Yankin Manono na Lardin Tanganyika, yana ratsa garuruwan [[Kitotolo]] da Manono masu hakar ma'adinai jim kaɗan kafin shiga Luvua. {{Sfn|Blaes|2008}}

A farkon shekarun 1800, Sarki Kumwimbe na Masarautar Luba ya ƙirƙiri wata ƙasa ta abokin ciniki wadda ta haɗa ƙauyukan Hemba na kwarin Kogin Lukushi, kuma hakan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye rinjayen Luba akan sauran ƙananan jihohi a yankin. {{Sfn|Reefe|1981}}

A shekarar 1932, Geomines sun gina wani ma'ajiyar ruwa a kogin Lukushi wanda zai iya ɗaukar {{Convert|10000000|m3|cuft}} na ruwa don tallafawa ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai na kwal a Manono. Za a fitar da ruwa daga wurin ajiyar don ayyukan wanke-wanke a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Belgian Congo...}} Wani rahoto na 1950 game da wani kamfen na kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar fesa gidaje da DDT ya ce Kogin Lukushi ya kasance yana cike da laka a hankali ta hanyar wutsiyoyin da ke fitowa daga ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai. Yanzu ya samar da babban fadama, tare da tsoffin wuraren haƙar ma'adinai waɗanda suka kasance wurare masu kyau don kiwo ga sauro masu ɗauke da zazzabin cizon sauro. Maleriya babbar matsala ce a Manono. {{Sfn|Malaria control...}}

Wani aikin USAID na shekarar 1981 ya binciki ayyukan noma a kewayen Manono da kwarin Lukushi bisa ga hotunan sama. An sami ƙarancin noma a shekarar 1957, tare da kimanin {{Convert|4559|ha|acre}} na ƙasa da ake amfani da su. Zuwa shekarar 1978 ayyukan noma sun ƙaru sau huɗu, galibi a cikin {{Convert|10|km|mi}} radius na Manono da Kitotolo da kuma gefen Lukushi a arewa da kudu na Manono. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1980, yankin noma a kusa da Manono da Kitotolo ya ragu sosai. Ana noma ƙananan gonaki a gefen Luvua da kuma sama da Manono, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa daga Manono. Wani ɓangare na canjin za a iya danganta shi da ƙasa mai danshi a yankunan da ke ƙasa, amma babban abin da ya faru ya zama kamar matsalolin tattalin arziki ne saboda lalacewar ma'adanai a Manono. {{Sfn|Stanctoff|Pesutti|1981}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kogin Lukushi''' wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Luvua . Yana ratsawa daga kudu zuwa arewa ta Yankin Malemba-Nkulu na Lardin Haut-Lomami da Yankin Manono na Lardin Tanganyika, yana ratsa garuruwan [[Kitotolo]] da Manono masu hakar ma'adinai jim kaɗan kafin shiga Luvua. {{Sfn|Blaes|2008}}

A farkon shekarun 1800, Sarki Kumwimbe na Masarautar Luba ya ƙirƙiri wata ƙasa ta abokin ciniki wadda ta haɗa ƙauyukan Hemba na kwarin Kogin Lukushi, kuma hakan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye rinjayen Luba akan sauran ƙananan jihohi a yankin. {{Sfn|Reefe|1981}}

A shekarar 1932, Geomines sun gina wani ma'ajiyar ruwa a kogin Lukushi wanda zai iya ɗaukar {{Convert|10000000|m3|cuft}} na ruwa don tallafawa ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai na kwal a Manono. Za a fitar da ruwa daga wurin ajiyar don ayyukan wanke-wanke a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Belgian Congo...}} Wani rahoto na 1950 game da wani kamfen na kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar fesa gidaje da DDT ya ce Kogin Lukushi ya kasance yana cike da laka a hankali ta hanyar wutsiyoyin da ke fitowa daga ayyukan haƙar ma'adinai. Yanzu ya samar da babban fadama, tare da tsoffin wuraren haƙar ma'adinai waɗanda suka kasance wurare masu kyau don kiwo ga sauro masu ɗauke da zazzabin cizon sauro. Maleriya babbar matsala ce a Manono. {{Sfn|Malaria control...}}

Wani aikin USAID na shekarar 1981 ya binciki ayyukan noma a kewayen Manono da kwarin Lukushi bisa ga hotunan sama. An sami ƙarancin noma a shekarar 1957, tare da kimanin {{Convert|4559|ha|acre}} na ƙasa da ake amfani da su. Zuwa shekarar 1978 ayyukan noma sun ƙaru sau huɗu, galibi a cikin {{Convert|10|km|mi}} radius na Manono da Kitotolo da kuma gefen Lukushi a arewa da kudu na Manono. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1980, yankin noma a kusa da Manono da Kitotolo ya ragu sosai. Ana noma ƙananan gonaki a gefen Luvua da kuma sama da Manono, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa daga Manono. Wani ɓangare na canjin za a iya danganta shi da ƙasa mai danshi a yankunan da ke ƙasa, amma babban abin da ya faru ya zama kamar matsalolin tattalin arziki ne saboda lalacewar ma'adanai a Manono. {{Sfn|Stanctoff|Pesutti|1981}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwa a ƙarƙashin Kogin</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356551421|Sous River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="787" sha1="5fvhcxt7bznjicuifb9u1akmojmgbfc" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Sous, Kogin Sus''' ko '''Kogin Souss''' ( Arabic     ; Tachelhit     ) kogi ne a tsakiyar kudancin [[Moroko|Maroko]] wanda ke yankin Sous . Ya samo asali ne daga High Atlas kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma ta hanyar wucewar Aoulouz, Taroudannt, Oulad Teima, Inezgane da Aït Melloul . Yana samar da wani kwarin ruwa wanda aka kare shi daga yanayin hamada na [[Sahara]] ta hanyar tsaunukan Anti-Atlas kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi wadatar abinci a Maroko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Sous River |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555493/Sous-River |access-date=26 March 2012 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Oued_Souss(js)1.jpg|left|thumb|450x450px|Bakin kogin Sous kusa [[Agadir|da Agadir]]]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kogin Sous, Kogin Sus''' ko '''Kogin Souss''' ( Arabic     ; Tachelhit     ) kogi ne a tsakiyar kudancin [[Moroko|Maroko]] wanda ke yankin Sous . Ya samo asali ne daga High Atlas kuma yana gudana zuwa yamma ta hanyar wucewar Aoulouz, Taroudannt, Oulad Teima, Inezgane da Aït Melloul . Yana samar da wani kwarin ruwa wanda aka kare shi daga yanayin hamada na [[Sahara]] ta hanyar tsaunukan Anti-Atlas kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi wadatar abinci a Maroko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Sous River |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555493/Sous-River |access-date=26 March 2012 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Oued_Souss(js)1.jpg|left|thumb|450x450px|Bakin kogin Sous kusa [[Agadir|da Agadir]]]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ban ruwa</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354354954|Irrigation]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</text>
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      <text bytes="6235" sha1="act4fglv2vzd3b7dbuo8cjf9425j9j8" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844545</id>
      <parentid>844543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Yankin */</comment>
      <origin>844545</origin>
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      <text bytes="6252" sha1="pcqfjidp2ktviqkpkl5szhyhohww2gz" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844548</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:21:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
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      <comment>/* Yankin */</comment>
      <origin>844548</origin>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844549</id>
      <parentid>844548</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona */</comment>
      <origin>844549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12965" sha1="ltz53lw12ssbfbwkig8ql5o7lt39kqj" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ltz53lw12ssbfbwkig8ql5o7lt39kqj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844550</id>
      <parentid>844549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:28:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa */</comment>
      <origin>844550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16480" sha1="spsyav6ylptfttezw3e0ao9f3np3a2z" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

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      <text bytes="22716" sha1="4ydzxr3px2o40qay9c8xe5fc3apkyrv" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

{{Main|Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa}}

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Dā ===
File:David Roberts ancient fountain.jpg|thumb|upright|Noman da dabbobi ke jawo ruwa, Ƙasar Masar ta Sama, kusan 1846

Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano shaidar ban ruwa a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama don tallafawa noma da ruwan sama. Wasu daga cikin farkon amfani da wannan fasaha sun fara ne tun ƙarni na 6 BCE a Khuzistan a kudu maso yammacin Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transaction Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flannery |first1=Kent V. |title=The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-202-36557-2 |editor1-last=Ucko |editor1-first=Peter John |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publication-date=2007 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |last1=Lawton |first1=H. W. |title=Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments |last2=Wilke |first2=P. J. |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=1979 |isbn=978-3-642-67328-3 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2012 |page=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin Choga Mami, a Iraki na yau a kan iyaka da Iran, ana ɗauka shine mafi tsohon wurin da aka nuna ban ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa tun kusan 6000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Alexander R. Thomas, Gregory M. Fulkerson (2021), City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.137&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi amfani da ban ruwa wajen sarrafa ruwa a filayen kogin Indus Valley Civilization, wanda aka kiyasta ya fara kusan 4500 BCE kuma ya ƙara girman da wadata na ƙauyukan noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Basis of Civilization--water Science? |date=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science |isbn=978-1-901502-57-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al’ummar Indus Valley sun ƙirƙiri tsarin ban ruwa da adana ruwa mai inganci, ciki har da tafkunan wucin gadi a Girnar tun 3000 BCE, da tsarin magudanar ruwa tun kusan 2600 BCE. An yi noma mai faɗi tare da babbar hanyar magudanar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manoma a filin Mesopotamia sun yi amfani da ban ruwa tun akalla ƙarni na 3 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Sumerian World |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa na dindindin, suna shayar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin girma ta hanyar jawo ruwa ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Donald |title=A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masarawa na dā sun yi amfani da ban ruwa ta hanyar ambaliyar Nilu, inda ruwan ambaliya ke cika filaye da aka kewaye da katanga. Ruwan ya tsaya har sai laka mai albarka ta zauna kafin a mayar da ragowar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot;&gt;Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida ta nuna cewa Sarkin Masar Amenemhet III a ƙarni na 12 BCE ya yi amfani da tafkin Faiyum Oasis a matsayin tafki don adana ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Amenemhet III |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III}}&lt;/ref&gt;

File:Scene at Bhimgoda near Haridwar , February 1847.jpg|thumb|Matasa injiniyoyi suna gyara tsohon tsarin ban ruwa na Mughal a 1847

Nubians na dā sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa ta hanyar na’urar kamar keken ruwa da ake kira sakia. Ban ruwa ya fara a Nubia tsakanin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ancient civilizations of Africa |publisher=Unesco |year=1981 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya dogara da ambaliyar Nilu da sauran koguna a Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume I |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ban ruwa ya kai yankin kogin Niger tun ƙarni na 1 ko na 2 BCE, ya dogara da ambaliyar damina da tara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditional technologies |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y0969e/y0969e03.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa |url=http://history-world.org/africa.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Shaida ta ban ruwa a matakai (terrace irrigation) ta bayyana a Amurka kafin Kolombiya, Siriya, Indiya, da China.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot; /&gt; A kwarin Zana na Andes a Peru, an gano ragowar magudanar ruwa tun ƙarni na 4 BCE, na 3 BCE da na 9 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillehay, 2005&quot; /&gt;

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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Dā ===
File:David Roberts ancient fountain.jpg|thumb|upright|Noman da dabbobi ke jawo ruwa, Ƙasar Masar ta Sama, kusan 1846

Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano shaidar ban ruwa a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama don tallafawa noma da ruwan sama. Wasu daga cikin farkon amfani da wannan fasaha sun fara ne tun ƙarni na 6 BCE a Khuzistan a kudu maso yammacin Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transaction Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flannery |first1=Kent V. |title=The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-202-36557-2 |editor1-last=Ucko |editor1-first=Peter John |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publication-date=2007 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |last1=Lawton |first1=H. W. |title=Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments |last2=Wilke |first2=P. J. |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=1979 |isbn=978-3-642-67328-3 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2012 |page=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin Choga Mami, a Iraki na yau a kan iyaka da Iran, ana ɗauka shine mafi tsohon wurin da aka nuna ban ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa tun kusan 6000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Alexander R. Thomas, Gregory M. Fulkerson (2021), City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.137&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi amfani da ban ruwa wajen sarrafa ruwa a filayen kogin Indus Valley Civilization, wanda aka kiyasta ya fara kusan 4500 BCE kuma ya ƙara girman da wadata na ƙauyukan noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Basis of Civilization--water Science? |date=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science |isbn=978-1-901502-57-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al’ummar Indus Valley sun ƙirƙiri tsarin ban ruwa da adana ruwa mai inganci, ciki har da tafkunan wucin gadi a Girnar tun 3000 BCE, da tsarin magudanar ruwa tun kusan 2600 BCE. An yi noma mai faɗi tare da babbar hanyar magudanar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manoma a filin Mesopotamia sun yi amfani da ban ruwa tun akalla ƙarni na 3 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Sumerian World |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa na dindindin, suna shayar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin girma ta hanyar jawo ruwa ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Donald |title=A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masarawa na dā sun yi amfani da ban ruwa ta hanyar ambaliyar Nilu, inda ruwan ambaliya ke cika filaye da aka kewaye da katanga. Ruwan ya tsaya har sai laka mai albarka ta zauna kafin a mayar da ragowar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot;&gt;Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida ta nuna cewa Sarkin Masar Amenemhet III a ƙarni na 12 BCE ya yi amfani da tafkin Faiyum Oasis a matsayin tafki don adana ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Amenemhet III |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III}}&lt;/ref&gt;

File:Scene at Bhimgoda near Haridwar , February 1847.jpg|thumb|Matasa injiniyoyi suna gyara tsohon tsarin ban ruwa na Mughal a 1847

Nubians na dā sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa ta hanyar na’urar kamar keken ruwa da ake kira sakia. Ban ruwa ya fara a Nubia tsakanin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ancient civilizations of Africa |publisher=Unesco |year=1981 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya dogara da ambaliyar Nilu da sauran koguna a Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume I |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ban ruwa ya kai yankin kogin Niger tun ƙarni na 1 ko na 2 BCE, ya dogara da ambaliyar damina da tara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditional technologies |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y0969e/y0969e03.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa |url=http://history-world.org/africa.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Shaida ta ban ruwa a matakai (terrace irrigation) ta bayyana a Amurka kafin Kolombiya, Siriya, Indiya, da China.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot; /&gt; A kwarin Zana na Andes a Peru, an gano ragowar magudanar ruwa tun ƙarni na 4 BCE, na 3 BCE da na 9 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillehay, 2005&quot; /&gt;

Persia ta dā (Iran na yau) ta yi amfani da ban ruwa tun ƙarni na 6 BCE don shuka sha’ir a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The History of Technology – Irrigation |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qanat, wanda aka ƙirƙira kusan 800 BCE, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Qanat Irrigation Systems and Homegardens (Iran) |url=http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/other_iran1_desc.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noria, keken ruwa da tukwane a gefensa, ya fara amfani kusan wannan lokaci a Afirka ta Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 and 1989 editions&lt;/ref&gt;

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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Dā ===
[[File:David Roberts ancient fountain.jpg|thumb|upright|Noman da dabbobi ke jawo ruwa, Ƙasar Masar ta Sama, kusan 1846]]

Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano shaidar ban ruwa a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama don tallafawa noma da ruwan sama. Wasu daga cikin farkon amfani da wannan fasaha sun fara ne tun ƙarni na 6 BCE a Khuzistan a kudu maso yammacin Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transaction Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flannery |first1=Kent V. |title=The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-202-36557-2 |editor1-last=Ucko |editor1-first=Peter John |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publication-date=2007 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |last1=Lawton |first1=H. W. |title=Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments |last2=Wilke |first2=P. J. |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=1979 |isbn=978-3-642-67328-3 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2012 |page=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin Choga Mami, a Iraki na yau a kan iyaka da Iran, ana ɗauka shine mafi tsohon wurin da aka nuna ban ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa tun kusan 6000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Alexander R. Thomas, Gregory M. Fulkerson (2021), City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.137&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi amfani da ban ruwa wajen sarrafa ruwa a filayen kogin Indus Valley Civilization, wanda aka kiyasta ya fara kusan 4500 BCE kuma ya ƙara girman da wadata na ƙauyukan noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Basis of Civilization--water Science? |date=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science |isbn=978-1-901502-57-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al’ummar Indus Valley sun ƙirƙiri tsarin ban ruwa da adana ruwa mai inganci, ciki har da tafkunan wucin gadi a Girnar tun 3000 BCE, da tsarin magudanar ruwa tun kusan 2600 BCE. An yi noma mai faɗi tare da babbar hanyar magudanar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manoma a filin Mesopotamia sun yi amfani da ban ruwa tun akalla ƙarni na 3 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Sumerian World |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa na dindindin, suna shayar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin girma ta hanyar jawo ruwa ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Donald |title=A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masarawa na dā sun yi amfani da ban ruwa ta hanyar ambaliyar Nilu, inda ruwan ambaliya ke cika filaye da aka kewaye da katanga. Ruwan ya tsaya har sai laka mai albarka ta zauna kafin a mayar da ragowar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot;&gt;Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida ta nuna cewa Sarkin Masar Amenemhet III a ƙarni na 12 BCE ya yi amfani da tafkin Faiyum Oasis a matsayin tafki don adana ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Amenemhet III |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Scene at Bhimgoda near Haridwar , February 1847.jpg|thumb|Matasa injiniyoyi suna gyara tsohon tsarin ban ruwa na Mughal a 1847]]

Nubians na dā sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa ta hanyar na’urar kamar keken ruwa da ake kira sakia. Ban ruwa ya fara a Nubia tsakanin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ancient civilizations of Africa |publisher=Unesco |year=1981 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya dogara da ambaliyar Nilu da sauran koguna a Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume I |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ban ruwa ya kai yankin kogin Niger tun ƙarni na 1 ko na 2 BCE, ya dogara da ambaliyar damina da tara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditional technologies |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y0969e/y0969e03.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa |url=http://history-world.org/africa.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Shaida ta ban ruwa a matakai (terrace irrigation) ta bayyana a Amurka kafin Kolombiya, Siriya, Indiya, da China.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot; /&gt; A kwarin Zana na Andes a Peru, an gano ragowar magudanar ruwa tun ƙarni na 4 BCE, na 3 BCE da na 9 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillehay, 2005&quot; /&gt;

Persia ta dā (Iran na yau) ta yi amfani da ban ruwa tun ƙarni na 6 BCE don shuka sha’ir a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The History of Technology – Irrigation |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qanat, wanda aka ƙirƙira kusan 800 BCE, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Qanat Irrigation Systems and Homegardens (Iran) |url=http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/other_iran1_desc.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noria, keken ruwa da tukwane a gefensa, ya fara amfani kusan wannan lokaci a Afirka ta Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 and 1989 editions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tarihin Zamani ===
Yawan ban ruwa a duniya ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarni na 20. A shekara ta 1800, an ban ruwa hekta miliyan 8; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; kuma a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na abincin duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;/&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa sun haɗa da magudanar ruwa daga saman ruwa,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga dam. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne suka jagoranci yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa, amma masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;/&gt; da sauran ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;/&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;/&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; sun tallafawa wasu shirye-shirye a ƙasashen waje. Ban ruwa ya ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a wuraren da ba za su iya tallafawa ba. Ƙasashe sun zuba jari don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, da nufin samun cin gashin kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; A ƙarni na 20, damuwar duniya, musamman game da mallakar auduga ta Amurka, ta sa ƙasashe da dama suka fara manyan ayyukan ban ruwa: Birtaniya a Indiya, Ottoman a Masar, Faransa a Aljeriya, Portugal a Angola, Jamusawa a Togo, da Soviet a Asiya ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt;

=== Illolin Ban Ruwa ===
Yawanci manyan ayyukan ban ruwa suna da illa. Wasu ayyuka da suka karkatar da ruwan saman sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, suna haifar da yanayi mai tsanani.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka hako da yawa sun haifar da faduwar ƙasa da gishirin ruwa. Gishirin ya lalata amfanin gona kuma ya shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta sun bunƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa da tafkunan ruwa, suna haifar da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da schistosomiasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;/&gt; Gwamnatoci kuma sun yi amfani da ban ruwa don ƙarfafa hijira, musamman na al’umma da suke so.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;/&gt; Wasu manyan shirye-shiryen ƙasa ma sun kasa, suna kashe kuɗi fiye da ribar da aka samu daga amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;/&gt;

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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Dā ===
[[File:David Roberts ancient fountain.jpg|thumb|upright|Noman da dabbobi ke jawo ruwa, Ƙasar Masar ta Sama, kusan 1846]]

Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano shaidar ban ruwa a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama don tallafawa noma da ruwan sama. Wasu daga cikin farkon amfani da wannan fasaha sun fara ne tun ƙarni na 6 BCE a Khuzistan a kudu maso yammacin Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transaction Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flannery |first1=Kent V. |title=The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-202-36557-2 |editor1-last=Ucko |editor1-first=Peter John |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publication-date=2007 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |last1=Lawton |first1=H. W. |title=Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments |last2=Wilke |first2=P. J. |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=1979 |isbn=978-3-642-67328-3 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2012 |page=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin Choga Mami, a Iraki na yau a kan iyaka da Iran, ana ɗauka shine mafi tsohon wurin da aka nuna ban ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa tun kusan 6000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Alexander R. Thomas, Gregory M. Fulkerson (2021), City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.137&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi amfani da ban ruwa wajen sarrafa ruwa a filayen kogin Indus Valley Civilization, wanda aka kiyasta ya fara kusan 4500 BCE kuma ya ƙara girman da wadata na ƙauyukan noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Basis of Civilization--water Science? |date=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science |isbn=978-1-901502-57-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al’ummar Indus Valley sun ƙirƙiri tsarin ban ruwa da adana ruwa mai inganci, ciki har da tafkunan wucin gadi a Girnar tun 3000 BCE, da tsarin magudanar ruwa tun kusan 2600 BCE. An yi noma mai faɗi tare da babbar hanyar magudanar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manoma a filin Mesopotamia sun yi amfani da ban ruwa tun akalla ƙarni na 3 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Sumerian World |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa na dindindin, suna shayar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin girma ta hanyar jawo ruwa ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Donald |title=A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masarawa na dā sun yi amfani da ban ruwa ta hanyar ambaliyar Nilu, inda ruwan ambaliya ke cika filaye da aka kewaye da katanga. Ruwan ya tsaya har sai laka mai albarka ta zauna kafin a mayar da ragowar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot;&gt;Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida ta nuna cewa Sarkin Masar Amenemhet III a ƙarni na 12 BCE ya yi amfani da tafkin Faiyum Oasis a matsayin tafki don adana ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Amenemhet III |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Scene at Bhimgoda near Haridwar , February 1847.jpg|thumb|Matasa injiniyoyi suna gyara tsohon tsarin ban ruwa na Mughal a 1847]]

Nubians na dā sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa ta hanyar na’urar kamar keken ruwa da ake kira sakia. Ban ruwa ya fara a Nubia tsakanin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ancient civilizations of Africa |publisher=Unesco |year=1981 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya dogara da ambaliyar Nilu da sauran koguna a Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume I |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ban ruwa ya kai yankin kogin Niger tun ƙarni na 1 ko na 2 BCE, ya dogara da ambaliyar damina da tara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditional technologies |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y0969e/y0969e03.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa |url=http://history-world.org/africa.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Shaida ta ban ruwa a matakai (terrace irrigation) ta bayyana a Amurka kafin Kolombiya, Siriya, Indiya, da China.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot; /&gt; A kwarin Zana na Andes a Peru, an gano ragowar magudanar ruwa tun ƙarni na 4 BCE, na 3 BCE da na 9 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillehay, 2005&quot; /&gt;

Persia ta dā (Iran na yau) ta yi amfani da ban ruwa tun ƙarni na 6 BCE don shuka sha’ir a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The History of Technology – Irrigation |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qanat, wanda aka ƙirƙira kusan 800 BCE, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Qanat Irrigation Systems and Homegardens (Iran) |url=http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/other_iran1_desc.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noria, keken ruwa da tukwane a gefensa, ya fara amfani kusan wannan lokaci a Afirka ta Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 and 1989 editions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tarihin Zamani ===
Yawan ban ruwa a duniya ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarni na 20. A shekara ta 1800, an ban ruwa hekta miliyan 8; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; kuma a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na abincin duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;/&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa sun haɗa da magudanar ruwa daga saman ruwa,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga dam. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne suka jagoranci yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa, amma masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;/&gt; da sauran ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;/&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;/&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; sun tallafawa wasu shirye-shirye a ƙasashen waje. Ban ruwa ya ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a wuraren da ba za su iya tallafawa ba. Ƙasashe sun zuba jari don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, da nufin samun cin gashin kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; A ƙarni na 20, damuwar duniya, musamman game da mallakar auduga ta Amurka, ta sa ƙasashe da dama suka fara manyan ayyukan ban ruwa: Birtaniya a Indiya, Ottoman a Masar, Faransa a Aljeriya, Portugal a Angola, Jamusawa a Togo, da Soviet a Asiya ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt;

=== Illolin Ban Ruwa ===
Yawanci manyan ayyukan ban ruwa suna da illa. Wasu ayyuka da suka karkatar da ruwan saman sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, suna haifar da yanayi mai tsanani.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka hako da yawa sun haifar da faduwar ƙasa da gishirin ruwa. Gishirin ya lalata amfanin gona kuma ya shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta sun bunƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa da tafkunan ruwa, suna haifar da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da schistosomiasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;/&gt; Gwamnatoci kuma sun yi amfani da ban ruwa don ƙarfafa hijira, musamman na al’umma da suke so.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;/&gt; Wasu manyan shirye-shiryen ƙasa ma sun kasa, suna kashe kuɗi fiye da ribar da aka samu daga amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;/&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Center-pivot irrigation.jpg|upright|Cibiyar tsarin ban ruwa na center-pivot
Irrigation drip leaks.jpg|Yarɓaɓɓen ruwan ban ruwa a layin drip na micro-irrigation
Irrigated blueberries4046.jpg|Ban ruwa da sprinka na blueberries a Plainville, New York, Amurka
Peanuts irrigation.jpg|Ban ruwa a Tamil Nadu, Indiya
Irrigation ditch in Montour County, Pennsylvania.JPG|upright|Magudanar ban ruwa a Montour County, Pennsylvania, Amurka
Sigiriya WaterGardens.JPG|Lambunan ruwa a Sigiriya, Sri Lanka
Sprinkler Irrigation - Sprinkler head.JPG|Micro-sprinkler
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Fields_SW_from_Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ban Ruwa na gonakin noma a [[Andalusia]], Spain. Ruwa na ban ruwa a hagu.]]
'''Ban ruwa''' shine aikin yin amfani da ruwa mai sarrafawa zuwa ƙasar don taimakawa shuka amfanin [[noma]], tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da ciyawa. Ruwa ya kasance muhimmin bangare na aikin gona sama da shekaru 5,000 kuma al'adu da yawa a duk duniya sun bunkasa shi. Ruwa yana taimakawa wajen shuka amfanin gona, kula da shimfidar wurare, da kuma sake farfadowa da ƙasa mai lalacewa a wuraren da suka bushe da kuma lokacin ruwan sama na ƙasa. Baya ga waɗannan amfani, ana amfani da ban ruwa don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi,  hana ci gaban ciyawa a cikin gonakin [[hatsi]], da kuma hana Ƙarfafa ƙasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sanyaya dabbobi, rage ƙura, zubar da datti, da tallafawa ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]]. Ragewa, wanda ya haɗa da cire ruwa na ƙasa da na ƙasa daga wani wuri da aka ba shi, ana nazarin shi sau da yawa tare da ban ruwa.

Hanyoyi da yawa na ban ruwa sun bambanta da yadda ake samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuke. Rashin Ruwa a saman, wanda aka fi sani da ban ruwa mai nauyi, shine mafi tsufa na ban ruwa kuma ana amfani dashi dubban shekaru. A cikin ban [[Ruwa mai ban ruwa]], ana tura ruwa zuwa wuri ɗaya ko fiye a cikin filin kuma ana rarraba shi ta hanyar na'urorin ruwa masu matsin lamba. Micro-irrigation tsarin ne wanda ke rarraba ruwa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana amfani da shi azaman ƙaramin fitarwa ga kowane shuka. Micro-irrigation yana amfani da ƙananan matsin lamba da ruwa fiye da sprinkler irrigation. Ruwa yana ba da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa yankin tushen shuke-shuke. An yi amfani da ban ruwa a cikin amfanin gona a yankunan da ke da teburin ruwa mai yawa na shekaru da yawa. Ya haɗa da ɗaga teburin ruwa don yayyafa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tushen tushen shuke-shuke.

Ruwa na ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan kasa (wanda aka cire daga [[Bazara (Ilimin Ruwa)|maɓuɓɓugar ruwa]] ko ta amfani da [[Rijiya Mai Zurfi|rijiyoyi]]), daga [[Ruwan sama]] (wanda aka janye daga [[Kogi|koguna]], [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ko tafkuna) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba kamar Ruwan da aka tsabtace, ruwan da aka cire, ruwan da ba a fitar da ruwa, ko [[Tarihin hazo|Tarin hazo]]. Ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da yawa na duniya kamar aikin gona mai ruwan sama, ko kuma yana iya zama cikakken ban ruwa, inda amfanin gona ba sa dogara da duk wani gudummawa daga ruwan sama. Cikakken ban ruwa ba ya zama ruwan dare kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa sosai ko kuma lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona a wuraren da ba a san lokacin ruwan sama.

Tasirin muhalli na ban ruwa yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin yawa da ingancin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] da ruwa sakamakon ban ruwa da tasirin da ya biyo baya akan yanayin halitta da zamantakewa a cikin [[Ruwan ruwa|kogin kogin]] da kuma Tsarin ban ruwa. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga Yanayin ruwa wanda ya haifar da shigarwa da aiki na tsarin ban ruwa. Daga cikin wadannan matsalolin shine raguwar ruwa na karkashin kasa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Za'a iya ban ruwa da ƙasa saboda rashin daidaito na rarraba ko sarrafawa yana ɓata ruwa, sunadarai, kuma yana iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa. Rashin ban ruwa da yawa na iya haifar da zurfin ruwa daga tasoshin ruwa masu tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin ruwan gishiri na ban ruwa, yana buƙatar kulawar ruwa ta hanyar wasu nau'ikan magudanar ƙasa.

== Yankin ==
[[Fayil:Share_of_agricultural_land_which_is_irrigated,_OWID.svg|thumb|Kashi na gonar noma wanda ake ban ruwa (2021) ]]
[[Fayil:Area_Equipped_For_Irrigation_By_Region.svg|thumb|Yankin da aka shirya don ban ruwa ta yanki]]
Jimlar yankin da ake ban ruwa a duniya ya ninka fiye da sau biyu tsakanin 1964 da 2023 kuma zuwa 2023, kashi 23% na dukkan gonakin amfanin gona an sanye su da ban ruwa. A cikin 2025 gonakin amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa suna samar da kashi 48% na dukkan amfanin gona a cikin sharuddan darajar, yana nuna cewa ƙasar da aka yi amfani da ita ta ninka sau 3.2 fiye da ƙasar da aka ruwan sama a cikin sharudda masu daraja. A matsakaici, amfanin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya fi na ƙasar da ake ciyar da ruwan sama sama sama.

Yankin duniya da aka sanye shi don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 355 a cikin 2023, karuwar kashi 23% daga hekta miliyan 289 na 2000 kuma fiye da sau biyu yankin ƙasar da aka sanya shi don ban sha'awa a cikin shekarun 1960. Mafi rinjaye suna cikin Asiya (71% a cikin 2023), inda ban ruwa ya kasance babban bangare na juyin juya halin kore; Amurka tana da kashi 16% kuma Turai tana da kashi 8% na jimlar duniya. Indiya (ha miliyan 76) da China (ha miliyan 75), suna da mafi girman yankin da aka samar da shi don ban ruwa, gaba da Amurka (ha miliyan 25). Har ila yau, kasar Sin da Indiya suna da mafi girman riba a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2023 (+ ha miliyan 21 ga kasar Sin da + ha miliyan 15 ga Indiya).

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, jimlar ƙasar mai kyau ta kasance 2,788,000 km2 (acre miliyan 689), kuma an sanye shi da kayan aikin ban ruwa a duk duniya. Kimanin kashi 68% na wannan yanki yana cikin Asiya, kashi 17% a Amurka, kashi 9% a Turai, kashi 5% a Afirka, da kuma kashi 1% a Oceania. Ana samun yankuna mafi girma da ke kusa da manyan ban ruwa a Arewa da Gabashin Indiya da Pakistan tare da kogin Ganges da Indus; a cikin kogin Hai He, Huang He, da Yangtze a China; tare da kogun Nilu a Misira da Sudan; da kuma a cikin kogon Mississippi-Missouri, Kudancin Great Plains, da kuma wasu sassan California a Amurka. Ƙananan wuraren ban ruwa sun bazu a kusan dukkanin sassan duniya.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A shekara ta &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, yankin ƙasar da ake ban ruwa ya karu zuwa kimanin 3,242,917 km2 (acre miliyan 801), wanda kusan girman Indiya ne. Ruwa na kashi 20% na gonar noma yana da asusun samar da kashi 40% na samar da abinci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On Water |url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/on-water |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water in Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture |access-date=2020-12-07 |website=World Bank |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

=== Dubi na Duniya ===
A karni na 20, girman ban ruwa ya ƙaru sosai. A shekarar 1800, hekta miliyan 8 ne aka yi ban ruwa a duniya; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; sannan a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na samar da abinci a duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.180–181.&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa a duniya sun haɗa da amfani da rafuka don karkatar da ruwan sama,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.174.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;&gt;Peterson 2016&lt;/ref&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga madatsun ruwa. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne ke jagorantar yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, amma masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.153.&lt;/ref&gt; da wasu ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot; /&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;Ekbladh 2002 pp.337.&lt;/ref&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;&gt;Bosshard 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;McNeill 2000 pp.169-170.&lt;/ref&gt; suna tallafawa da shirya wasu shirye-shirye a cikin ƙasashen waje.

Zuwo 2021, yankin ƙasa da aka tanada don ban ruwa ya kai hekta miliyan 352, ƙaruwa da kashi 22% daga hekta miliyan 289 a 2000, kuma fiye da ninki biyu na yankin da aka tanada don ban ruwa a shekarun 1960. Mafi yawan yankin yana Asiya (70%), inda ban ruwa ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na juyin kore; Nahiyar Amurka ta ƙunshi kashi 16%, kuma Turai kashi 8% na jimillar duniya. Indiya (hektar miliyan 76) da China (hektar miliyan 75) suna da mafi girman yankin ban ruwa, suna nesa da Amurka (hektar miliyan 27). China da Indiya suma sun samu mafi girman ƙaruwa tsakanin 2000 da 2020 (+hektar miliyan 21 a China da +hektar miliyan 15 a Indiya). Duk yankuna sun samu ƙaruwa a yankin ban ruwa, inda Afirka ta fi saurin girma (+29%), sai Asiya (+25%), Oceania (+24%), Nahiyar Amurka (+19%), da Turai (+2%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023 |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en |access-date=2023-12-13 |via=FAODocuments | date=2023 |language=en |doi=10.4060/cc8166en| isbn=978-92-5-138262-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ban ruwa yana ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a yankunan da ba za su iya tallafawa su ba. Ƙasashe sau da yawa suna saka hannun jari a ban ruwa don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, sau da yawa da manufar ƙara dogaro da kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Misalan ƙimomi na amfanin gona ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Kimomin kusan na bukatun ruwan amfanin gona na yanayi&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept |title=Crops Need Water |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116073927/http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Amfanin gona
!Bukatar ruwan mm / duk lokacin girma
|-
|Alkama mai zaki
|1500–2500
|-
|Ayaba
|1200–2200
|-
|Lemun tsami
|900–1200
|-
|Dankali
|500–700
|-
|Tumatur
|400–800
|-
|Sha’ir/rogo/alkama
|450–650
|-
|Kabeji
|350–500
|-
|Albasa
|350–550
|-
|Wake
|350–500
|}

== Tushen Ruwa ==

=== Ruwan ƙasa da ruwan sama ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga ruwan ƙasa (ta hanyar rijiyoyi ko ruwan famfo), daga ruwan sama (koguna, tafkuna ko madatsun ruwa) ko daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara, ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

Duk da yake tara ruwan ambaliya ana ɗauka a matsayin hanyar ban ruwa, tara ruwan sama yawanci ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ban ruwa ba. Tara ruwan sama yana nufin tattara ruwan da ya zubo daga rufin gidaje ko ƙasa da ba a amfani da ita.

=== Ruwan da aka tace ko ba a tace ba ===
Ana iya amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa daga birane wajen ban ruwa, wanda ke ƙunshe da sinadarai masu amfani ga tsire-tsire (nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium). Amfanin amfani da ruwan da aka sake sarrafa shi ya haɗa da rage kuɗi da kuma samun ruwa a kowane lokaci ba tare da la’akari da yanayi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Reclaimed water – Agricultural reuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauran hanyoyin ruwa ===
Ruwan ban ruwa na iya fitowa daga hanyoyin da ba na gargajiya ba kamar ruwan da aka tace daga shara,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moreira da Silva |first1=Manuela |title=Urban Wastewater Reuse for Citrus Irrigation in Algarve, Portugal—Environmental Benefits and Carbon Fluxes |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=17 |article-number=10715 |doi=10.3390/su141710715}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruwan da aka tsarkake daga gishiri, ruwan magudanar ruwa, ko tarin hazo.

A ƙasashen da iska mai ɗumi ke yawo da dare, ana iya samun ruwa ta hanyar **condensation** a kan sanyi. Ana yin hakan a gonakin inabi na Lanzarote ta amfani da duwatsu don tara ruwa. Ana kuma yin tarin hazo ta amfani da zane ko takardar ƙarfe. Haka kuma ana amfani da ruwan da injin sanyaya iska ke fitarwa a birane.

A shekarar 2019, wani kamfani daga Glasgow ya taimaka wa manomi a Scotland wajen noman tsire-tsire masu jure gishiri da ruwan teku. An yi amfani da filin da ba a amfani da shi don noman tsire-tsire kamar **samphire**, **sea blite**, da **sea aster**. Ana ban ruwa sau biyu a rana don kwaikwayon ambaliyar teku, kuma ana amfani da wutar iska wajen fitar da ruwan daga teku. Wannan ya kuma taimaka wajen gyaran ƙasa da kuma tara carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=McDill |first=Stuart |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Startup helps Scottish farmers grow gourmet plants with sea water |website=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenational.scot-saltwater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Toole |first=Emer |date=29 July 2019 |title=Seawater Solutions is tacking agriculture's impact on climate change |website=The National}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gasa wajen amfani da albarkatun ruwa ===
Har zuwa shekarun 1960, adadin mutane a duniya bai kai rabin na yanzu ba. Mutane ba su da arziki sosai, suna cin abinci kaɗan, kuma ba sa cin nama da yawa, don haka ana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan wajen samar da abinci. Amma yanzu sama da mutane biliyan 7 suna buƙatar ruwa, wanda ya ƙara gasa wajen amfani da ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da ƙara gasa daga masana’antu, birane, da noman amfanin gona na biofuel. Manoma dole su ƙara yawan amfanin gona don biyan buƙatar abinci, yayin da masana’antu da birane ke ƙoƙarin amfani da ruwa yadda ya dace.&lt;ref&gt;Chartres, C. and Varma, S. ''Out of water. From Abundance to Scarcity and How to Solve the World's Water Problems'', FT Press (USA), 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Noman nasara yana dogara da samun isasshen ruwa. Amma karancin ruwa ya riga ya zama babban ƙalubale ga noma a sassa da dama na duniya.

== Hanyoyin Ban Ruwa ==
Akwai hanyoyi da dama na ban ruwa. Suna bambanta dangane da yadda ake kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Manufar ita ce a kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire daidai, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba. Ban ruwa na iya zama kari ga ruwan sama, ko kuma cikakken ban ruwa inda tsire-tsire ba sa dogaro da ruwan sama.

=== Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa ===
Ban ruwa ta saman ƙasa, wanda ake kira ban ruwa ta nauyin ƙasa, shi ne tsohon salo da aka fi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru. Ana karkatar da ruwa a saman filin noma don ya shiga ƙasa. Ana iya rarrabe shi zuwa furrow, border strip, ko basin irrigation. Yana da ƙarancin kuɗi da makamashi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai wajen sarrafa adadin ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Flood Irrigation Service|url=http://www.tempe.gov/home/showdocument?id=3194|publisher=City of Tempe, Arizona|access-date=29 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani salo na musamman shi ne spate irrigation, inda ake karkatar da ruwan ambaliya zuwa kwaruruka da aka bushe don noma a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ruwa.

=== Ban ruwa ƙarami ===
Ban ruwa ƙarami, wanda ake kira localized irrigation ko trickle irrigation, yana amfani da bututun ƙarami da matsa lamba kaɗan don kai ruwa ga tsire-tsire. Ya haɗa da drip irrigation, subsurface drip, micro-sprinklers, da mini-bubblers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Frenken | first1 = K. | chapter = Irrigation in Africa in figures – AQUASTAT Survey – 2005 | title = Water Report 29 | publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | year = 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta digo ====
Ban ruwa ta digo yana kai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen tsiro a digo ɗaya-ɗaya. Wannan hanya ce mafi inganci wajen adana ruwa idan aka sarrafa da kyau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last = Provenzano | first = Giuseppe | title=Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation Model to Evaluate Wetted Soil Volume in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems | journal = Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering| volume = 133 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–350 | year = 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana haɗa shi da plastic mulch da taki (fertigation).

=== Ban ruwa ta feshi ===
A wannan hanyar, ana fesawa ruwa daga bututun da ke sama da filin noma. Ya haɗa da solid-set systems, rotors, da guns. Ana amfani da su a gonaki, filayen wasanni, da wuraren shakatawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.thefencepost.com/article/20100525/NEWS/100529954 | title=Center pivot irrigation evolutionizes agriculture | work=The Fence Post Magazine | date=May 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Center pivot ====
Center pivot irrigation yana amfani da bututun da ke juyawa a zagaye, yana fesawa ruwa a cikin da’ira. Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya. Sabbin tsarin suna da drop sprinklers da GPS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agriculture.com/machinery/irrigation-equipment/gps-swing-arms-prove-their-worth|title=GPS Swing Arms Prove Their Worth |date=January 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ban ruwa ta motsi (wheel line) ====
Ana amfani da bututun da aka haɗa da ƙafafun da ke motsawa a layi. Yana buƙatar aiki da hannu sosai, kuma ana amfani da shi a ƙananan gonaki ko yankunan da ke da tsaunuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peters&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;/&gt;

=== Ban ruwa daga ƙasa ===
Wannan hanyar tana ɗaga matakin ruwan ƙasa don ya jike ƙasa daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi a gonaki da kuma a cikin greenhouses. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen tsire-tsire a tukwane, inda ruwa da sinadarai ke shiga daga ƙasa kuma ake sake amfani da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.entheogen.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13076 |title=Polyester ropes natural irrigation technique}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inganci ==
Hanyoyin ban ruwa na zamani suna da inganci sosai wajen kai ruwa daidai ga dukkan tsire-tsire, suna tabbatar da cewa kowace tsiro ta samu adadin da ta ke buƙata, ba yawa ba kuma ba kaɗan ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;efficiency&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Water_use_efficiency|title=Water use efficiency - agriwaterpedia.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya auna ingancin amfani da ruwa a filin kamar haka:
* Ingancin Ruwan Filin (%) = (Ruwan da tsiro ya sha ÷ Ruwan da aka kai filin) x 100

Ƙara ingancin ban ruwa yana da fa’idodi da dama ga manomi, al’umma, da muhalli. Ƙananan inganci yana nuna cewa ruwan da aka kai filin ya wuce buƙatar tsire-tsire. Ƙara inganci yana nufin cewa yawan amfanin gona da ake samu daga kowace raka’a ta ruwa ya ƙaru. Ana iya cimma hakan ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan da ake kai filin ko amfani da shi yadda ya dace. A wasu ƙasashe, manoma suna biyan kuɗi don ruwan ban ruwa; don haka yin amfani da ruwa fiye da buƙata yana da kuɗin kai tsaye. Ban ruwa sau da yawa yana buƙatar makamashi (wutar lantarki ko man fetur) don kai ruwa filin. Don haka, ƙara inganci yana rage kuɗin ruwa da makamashi. Rage amfani da ruwa a filin ɗaya na iya ba da damar manomi ya ban ruwa ƙarin filaye, yana ƙara yawan amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan inganci yawanci yana nufin asarar ruwa ta hanyar zubewa ko gudu, wanda zai iya jawo asarar sinadarai da magungunan kashe kwari tare da illa ga muhalli.

Inganta inganci yawanci ana cimma shi ta hanyoyi biyu: inganta tsarin ban ruwa (misali daga furrow zuwa drip irrigation) ko kuma tsara jadawalin ban ruwa daidai.

== Ban ruwa a lambuna ==
Lambuna da wuraren shakatawa a wuraren jama’a sau da yawa suna da tsarin ban ruwa a yankunan da ke da bushewa.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

A Ostiraliya, ƙananan sprayers da aka haɗa da bututu sun zama mashahuri tun daga shekarun 1960, sau da yawa ana sarrafa su da timers. Kamfanin Hugall &amp; Hoile ya ƙirƙiri tsarin da suka kira “reticulation”, inda aka raba lambu zuwa sassa tare da solenoids da timers. Wannan tsarin ya zama mashahuri sosai, kuma cikin shekaru 20, kusan rabin gidaje a Perth suna da tsarin ban ruwa ta atomatik. Robert Hugall ya samu suna a matsayin “uban ban ruwa na lambu”, yayin da Wally Edwards daga baya ya kafa Holman Industries a 1966 don kasuwar DIY.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=About Us: Australian Family Owned | website=Holman Industries  | url=https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318085639/https://www.holmanindustries.com.au/about-us/ | archive-date=18 March 2024 | url-status=dead | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=purtill&gt;{{cite web | last=Purtill | first=James | title=Sprinklers made Australia green. But what happens when the water runs out? | website=ABC News | date=31 January 2026 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209175714/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-02-01/sprinkler-water-resources-garden-green-desert-reticulation/106244818 | archive-date=9 February 2026 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da zafi da bushewa, sabbin drip irrigation da ke amfani da ruwa kaɗan sun fara amfani. Haka kuma, an gina ko sake kunna **desalination plants** a Perth, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, da Brisbane don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi.&lt;ref name=purtill/&gt;

== Ƙalubale ==

=== Tasirin muhalli ===

[[File:1960- Groundwater loss - depletion - Central Valley of California.svg|thumb|A cikin dogon lokaci na raguwar ruwan ƙasa a [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] na Kalifoniya, gajerun lokutan farfaɗowa galibi suna faruwa ne saboda matsanancin yanayin yanayi wanda yawanci ke haifar da ambaliya kuma yana da mummunan tasiri na zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki.&lt;ref name=NatureComms_20221219&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Pang-Wei |last2=Famiglietti |first2=James S. |last3=Purdy |first3=Adam J. |last4=Adams |first4=Kyra H. |last5=McEvoy |first5=Avery L. |last6=Reager |first6=John T. |last7=Bindlish |first7=Rajat |last8=Wiese |first8=David N. |last9=David |first9=Cédric H. |last10=Rodell |first10=Matthew |display-authors=4 |title=Groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley accelerates during megadrought |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 Disamba 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7825 |page=7825 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35582-x |doi-access=free |pmid=36535940 |pmc=9763392 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7825L }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Mummunan tasiri sukan biyo bayan manyan ayyukan ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Wasu ayyukan da suka karkatar da ruwan saman ƙasa domin ban ruwa sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya haifar da tsananin canjin yanayin yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 164–165.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka yi yawan fitar da ruwa daga ƙasa sun haifar da [[subsidence|nutsewar ƙasa]] da [[freshwater salinization|ƙamshin gishiri]]. Gishirin ruwan ban ruwa yana lalata amfanin gona kuma yana shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;

Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta suna bunƙasa a cikin magudanan ban ruwa ko tafkuna masu tsayayyen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barkewar cututtuka kamar [[malaria]] da [[schistosomiasis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;&gt;[[#refJohnson2019|McNeill 2019]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 112–113.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]] shaf. 171.&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da tsare-tsaren ban ruwa wajen ƙarfafa ƙaura, musamman shigar wasu rukunin jama’a da ake ganin sun fi dacewa zuwa wani yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;&gt;[[#refParker2020|Parker 2020]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;&gt;[[#refVisser2018|Visser 2018]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;&gt;[[#refWorster1992|Worster 1992]] shaf. 156–157.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, wasu manyan tsare-tsaren ƙasa baki ɗaya sun gaza samun riba, inda suka fi kashe kuɗi fiye da amfanin da aka samu daga ƙarin amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;&gt;[[#refPisani2002|Pisani 2002]] shafi na 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;&gt;[[#refMcNeill2000|McNeill 2000]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Tarihin Dā ===
[[File:David Roberts ancient fountain.jpg|thumb|upright|Noman da dabbobi ke jawo ruwa, Ƙasar Masar ta Sama, kusan 1846]]

Binciken kayan tarihi ya gano shaidar ban ruwa a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama don tallafawa noma da ruwan sama. Wasu daga cikin farkon amfani da wannan fasaha sun fara ne tun ƙarni na 6 BCE a Khuzistan a kudu maso yammacin Iran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transaction Publishers&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flannery |first1=Kent V. |title=The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-202-36557-2 |editor1-last=Ucko |editor1-first=Peter John |location=New Brunswick, New Jersey |publication-date=2007 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |last1=Lawton |first1=H. W. |title=Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments |last2=Wilke |first2=P. J. |publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=1979 |isbn=978-3-642-67328-3 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2012 |page=13}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Wurin Choga Mami, a Iraki na yau a kan iyaka da Iran, ana ɗauka shine mafi tsohon wurin da aka nuna ban ruwa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa tun kusan 6000 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Alexander R. Thomas, Gregory M. Fulkerson (2021), City and Country: The Historical Evolution of Urban-Rural Systems. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.137&lt;/ref&gt;

An yi amfani da ban ruwa wajen sarrafa ruwa a filayen kogin Indus Valley Civilization, wanda aka kiyasta ya fara kusan 4500 BCE kuma ya ƙara girman da wadata na ƙauyukan noma.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Basis of Civilization--water Science? |date=2004 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science |isbn=978-1-901502-57-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al’ummar Indus Valley sun ƙirƙiri tsarin ban ruwa da adana ruwa mai inganci, ciki har da tafkunan wucin gadi a Girnar tun 3000 BCE, da tsarin magudanar ruwa tun kusan 2600 BCE. An yi noma mai faɗi tare da babbar hanyar magudanar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;basis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ancient India Indus Valley Civilization |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/india/indus/elements.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manoma a filin Mesopotamia sun yi amfani da ban ruwa tun akalla ƙarni na 3 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Sumerian World |publisher=Routledge |year=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa na dindindin, suna shayar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin girma ta hanyar jawo ruwa ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Donald |title=A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masarawa na dā sun yi amfani da ban ruwa ta hanyar ambaliyar Nilu, inda ruwan ambaliya ke cika filaye da aka kewaye da katanga. Ruwan ya tsaya har sai laka mai albarka ta zauna kafin a mayar da ragowar ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot;&gt;Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida ta nuna cewa Sarkin Masar Amenemhet III a ƙarni na 12 BCE ya yi amfani da tafkin Faiyum Oasis a matsayin tafki don adana ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Amenemhet III |url=http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9006076/Amenemhet-III}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Scene at Bhimgoda near Haridwar , February 1847.jpg|thumb|Matasa injiniyoyi suna gyara tsohon tsarin ban ruwa na Mughal a 1847]]

Nubians na dā sun ƙirƙiri ban ruwa ta hanyar na’urar kamar keken ruwa da ake kira sakia. Ban ruwa ya fara a Nubia tsakanin ƙarni na 3 da na 2 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ancient civilizations of Africa |publisher=Unesco |year=1981 |page=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya dogara da ambaliyar Nilu da sauran koguna a Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Earth and Its Peoples, Volume I |publisher=Wadsworth |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Afirka ta ƙasa da Sahara, ban ruwa ya kai yankin kogin Niger tun ƙarni na 1 ko na 2 BCE, ya dogara da ambaliyar damina da tara ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Traditional technologies |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y0969e/y0969e03.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa, Emerging Civilizations In Sub-Sahara Africa |url=http://history-world.org/africa.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Shaida ta ban ruwa a matakai (terrace irrigation) ta bayyana a Amurka kafin Kolombiya, Siriya, Indiya, da China.&lt;ref name=&quot;p19&quot; /&gt; A kwarin Zana na Andes a Peru, an gano ragowar magudanar ruwa tun ƙarni na 4 BCE, na 3 BCE da na 9 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillehay, 2005&quot; /&gt;

Persia ta dā (Iran na yau) ta yi amfani da ban ruwa tun ƙarni na 6 BCE don shuka sha’ir a wuraren da ba su da isasshen ruwan sama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The History of Technology – Irrigation |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Qanat, wanda aka ƙirƙira kusan 800 BCE, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Qanat Irrigation Systems and Homegardens (Iran) |url=http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/other_iran1_desc.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noria, keken ruwa da tukwane a gefensa, ya fara amfani kusan wannan lokaci a Afirka ta Arewa.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 and 1989 editions&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tarihin Zamani ===
Yawan ban ruwa a duniya ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarni na 20. A shekara ta 1800, an ban ruwa hekta miliyan 8; a 1950, hekta miliyan 94; kuma a 1990, hekta miliyan 235. Zuwa 1990, kashi 30% na abincin duniya ya fito daga ƙasar da ake ban ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;/&gt; Hanyoyin ban ruwa sun haɗa da magudanar ruwa daga saman ruwa,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceE&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; hako ruwan ƙasa, da karkatar da ruwa daga dam. Gwamnatocin ƙasa ne suka jagoranci yawancin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa, amma masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceF&quot;/&gt; da sauran ƙasashe,&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt; musamman Amurka,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;/&gt; China,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceH&quot;/&gt; da ƙasashen Turai kamar Birtaniya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; sun tallafawa wasu shirye-shirye a ƙasashen waje. Ban ruwa ya ba da damar samar da ƙarin amfanin gona, musamman amfanin kasuwanci a wuraren da ba za su iya tallafawa ba. Ƙasashe sun zuba jari don ƙara samar da alkama, shinkafa, ko auduga, da nufin samun cin gashin kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; A ƙarni na 20, damuwar duniya, musamman game da mallakar auduga ta Amurka, ta sa ƙasashe da dama suka fara manyan ayyukan ban ruwa: Birtaniya a Indiya, Ottoman a Masar, Faransa a Aljeriya, Portugal a Angola, Jamusawa a Togo, da Soviet a Asiya ta Tsakiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peterson 2016&quot;/&gt;

=== Illolin Ban Ruwa ===
Yawanci manyan ayyukan ban ruwa suna da illa. Wasu ayyuka da suka karkatar da ruwan saman sun busar da hanyoyin ruwa, suna haifar da yanayi mai tsanani.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Ayyukan da suka dogara da ruwan ƙasa kuma suka hako da yawa sun haifar da faduwar ƙasa da gishirin ruwa. Gishirin ya lalata amfanin gona kuma ya shiga ruwan sha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt; Kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta sun bunƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa da tafkunan ruwa, suna haifar da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da schistosomiasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 200&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceJ&quot;/&gt; Gwamnatoci kuma sun yi amfani da ban ruwa don ƙarfafa hijira, musamman na al’umma da suke so.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parker 2020&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Visser 2018&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceK&quot;/&gt; Wasu manyan shirye-shiryen ƙasa ma sun kasa, suna kashe kuɗi fiye da ribar da aka samu daga amfanin gona.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceL&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McNeill 2000&quot;/&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Center-pivot irrigation.jpg|upright|Cibiyar tsarin ban ruwa na center-pivot
Irrigation drip leaks.jpg|Yarɓaɓɓen ruwan ban ruwa a layin drip na micro-irrigation
Irrigated blueberries4046.jpg|Ban ruwa da sprinka na blueberries a Plainville, New York, Amurka
Peanuts irrigation.jpg|Ban ruwa a Tamil Nadu, Indiya
Irrigation ditch in Montour County, Pennsylvania.JPG|upright|Magudanar ban ruwa a Montour County, Pennsylvania, Amurka
Sigiriya WaterGardens.JPG|Lambunan ruwa a Sigiriya, Sri Lanka
Sprinkler Irrigation - Sprinkler head.JPG|Micro-sprinkler
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Tushe ==
{{Free-content attribution
| title = The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture 2025
| publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
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| license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/feba76d0-dc7e-4ad3-b287-39426f3822fd
| license = CC BY 4.0
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{{Free-content attribution
| title = World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2025
| publisher = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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| license statement URL = https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8871cfb8-396d-4e24-be8e-4f4a3debe7e2
| license = CC BY 4.0
}}

=== Majiya ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refBosshard2009 |reference=Bosshard, Peter. &quot;China Dams the World.&quot; World Policy Journal 26, no. 4 (2009): 43–51.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refEkbladh2002 |reference=Ekbladh, David. &quot;'Mr. TVA': Grass-Roots Development, David Lilienthal, and the Rise and Fall of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a Symbol for U.S. Overseas Development, 1933-1973.&quot; Diplomatic History 29, no. 3 (Summer 2002): 335–74.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refJohnson2019 |reference=Johnson, Matthew P. &quot;Swampy Sugar Lands: Irrigation Dams and the Rise and Fall of Malaria in Puerto Rico, 1898–1962.&quot; Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 2 (May 2019): 243–71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X18000743.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refLyster2021 |reference=Lyster, Rosa. &quot;Along the Water.&quot; London Review of Books, May 6, 2021. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v43/n09/rosa-lyster/diary.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refMcCully2001 |reference=McCully, Patrick. Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. Enlarged&amp;Updated ed. London ; New York: Zed Books, 2001.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refMcNeill2000 |reference=McNeill, John Robert. Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2000.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refParker2020 |reference=Parker, James. &quot;A 'Juggernaut of Progress'? Irrigation and Statecraft in Late-Colonial Kenya.&quot; International Journal of African Historical Studies 53, no. 3 (September 2020): 335–59.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refPeterson2016 |reference=Peterson, Maya. &quot;US to USSR: American Experts, Irrigation, and Cotton in Soviet Central Asia, 1929–32.&quot; Environmental History 21, no. 3 (July 2016): 442–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emw006.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refRoss2017 |reference=Ross, Corey. Ecology and Power in the Age of Empire: Europe and the Transformation of the Tropical World. First edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refPisani2002 |reference=Pisani, Donald J. Water and American Government: The Reclamation Bureau, National Water Policy, and the West, 1902-1935. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refVisser2018 |reference=Visser, Wessel. &quot;Water as Agent for Social Change, 1900–1939 : Two Case Studies of Developmental State Approaches in Establishing Irrigation Schemes.&quot; Historia 63, no. 2 (November 2018): 40–61. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2018/v63n2a3.
}}
* {{wikicite |ref=refWorster1992 |reference=Worster, Donald. Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West. New York ; Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1992.
}}
{{refend}}</text>
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    <title>Barragem na Poilão</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324512999|Barragem de Poilão]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2042" sha1="eofqatc23n345fscmzrjyc748qgwu3r" xml:space="preserve">'''Barragem de Poião''' dam ne dake gabashin tsibirin Santiago, [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], a cikin gundumar São Lourenço dos Órgãos . Yana kama rafin [[Ribeira Seca (Santiago)|Ribeira Seca]], kogin mafi girma a tsibirin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Controlo de Vulnerabilidade dos Aquíferos Costeiros das Bacias Hidrográficas |url=http://www.islhagua.itccanarias.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=40532&amp;folderId=64820&amp;name=DLFE-1606.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223094529/http://www.islhagua.itccanarias.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=40532&amp;folderId=64820&amp;name=DLFE-1606.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-23 |access-date=2018-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; tafki, da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, yana tsakanin ƙauyukan Poião da Levada . Arewacin tafki shine titin ƙasa daga João Teves zuwa Achada Fazenda (EN1-ST03).

== Bayani dalla-dalla ==
An kammala madatsar ruwa ta bulo a watan Yulin 2006. Tsawonta ya kai mita 1,235, kuma matsakaicin fadinta ya kai hekta 17. Matsayin samanta ya kai mita 118 sama da matakin teku, kuma zurfinta a madatsar ruwa ya kai mita 18. Girmanta ya kai {{Convert|1.2|e6m3}}         . Tsibirin yana da yanayi busasshe tare da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi lokaci-lokaci. Waɗannan suna haifar da jigilar laka mai yawa zuwa cikin ma'ajiyar kuma wani bincike ya gano cewa tsakanin 2006 da 2013, ƙarfin ajiyar ma'ajiyar ya ragu da kusan rabi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=A. Araújo |last2=R. Hernandez |last3=R. Fonseca |last4=J. Matos |year=2014 |title=Estimating sedimentation rate on Poilão Dam (Santiago Island, Cape Verde) |url=http://www.lneg.pt/download/9615/1_2850_ART_CG14_ESPECIAL_II.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Comunicações Geológicas |volume=101 |issn=0873-948X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231191619/http://www.lneg.pt/download/9615/1_2850_ART_CG14_ESPECIAL_II.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-31 |access-date=2018-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin gine-gine da gine-gine a Santiago, Cape Verde

== Manazarta ==
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'''Barragem de Poião''' dam ne dake gabashin tsibirin Santiago, [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], a cikin gundumar São Lourenço dos Órgãos . Yana kama rafin [[Ribeira Seca (Santiago)|Ribeira Seca]], kogin mafi girma a tsibirin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Controlo de Vulnerabilidade dos Aquíferos Costeiros das Bacias Hidrográficas |url=http://www.islhagua.itccanarias.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=40532&amp;folderId=64820&amp;name=DLFE-1606.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223094529/http://www.islhagua.itccanarias.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=40532&amp;folderId=64820&amp;name=DLFE-1606.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-23 |access-date=2018-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; tafki, da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, yana tsakanin ƙauyukan Poião da Levada . Arewacin tafki shine titin ƙasa daga João Teves zuwa Achada Fazenda (EN1-ST03).

== Bayani dalla-dalla ==
An kammala madatsar ruwa ta bulo a watan Yulin 2006. Tsawonta ya kai mita 1,235, kuma matsakaicin fadinta ya kai hekta 17. Matsayin samanta ya kai mita 118 sama da matakin teku, kuma zurfinta a madatsar ruwa ya kai mita 18. Girmanta ya kai {{Convert|1.2|e6m3}}         . Tsibirin yana da yanayi busasshe tare da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi lokaci-lokaci. Waɗannan suna haifar da jigilar laka mai yawa zuwa cikin ma'ajiyar kuma wani bincike ya gano cewa tsakanin 2006 da 2013, ƙarfin ajiyar ma'ajiyar ya ragu da kusan rabi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=A. Araújo |last2=R. Hernandez |last3=R. Fonseca |last4=J. Matos |year=2014 |title=Estimating sedimentation rate on Poilão Dam (Santiago Island, Cape Verde) |url=http://www.lneg.pt/download/9615/1_2850_ART_CG14_ESPECIAL_II.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Comunicações Geológicas |volume=101 |issn=0873-948X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231191619/http://www.lneg.pt/download/9615/1_2850_ART_CG14_ESPECIAL_II.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-31 |access-date=2018-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin gine-gine da gine-gine a Santiago, Cape Verde

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nhlaralumi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1231976427|Nhlaralumi River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3450" sha1="pdu787f1usexjvzner9hvzyto94sq5d" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nhlaralumi''' wani yanki ne na bakin teku na Kogin Olifants a cikin Kruger National Park, a arewacin Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu. Asalinsa yana cikin Thornybush Game Reserve. Hanyarsa ta arewa maso gabas tana ratsawa ta Timbavati Game Reserve, Umbabat Nature Reserve, sannan daga ƙarshe ta yammacin Kruger Park.

== Ƙarar kwarara da mita ==
Bayan an gina wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kogin ya zama na ɗan lokaci tare da raguwar yawan kwarara da kuma yawan ruwan da ake samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ruwa ta Dando a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu 2012 ta lalata wasu wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kuma ta yi ɓarna mai yawa ga muhallin yankin kogin banda gidaje da hanyoyi da ke ƙasa. Ba tare da wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba ba, ruwan ya tashi kusa da saman gadon, kuma shuke-shuken kogin da bambancin rayuwar dabbobi sun inganta. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot; /&gt; Ruwan sama na shekarar 2013 da 2014 ya sake isa ga kwararar ruwa ta ci gaba. An lalata madatsar ruwa ta Mbali da ke gaban Simbavati Hilltop Lodge a Timbavati a shekarar 2014, amma an gyara ta a watan Oktoba 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;mbali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Enhanced wildlife experience at Simbavati Hilltop Lodge |url=http://demo4.braveclients.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Travel-Meetings-Buyer-Enhanced-wildlife-experience-at-Simbavati-Hilltop-Lodge.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=demo4.braveclients.com |publisher=Daily Travel &amp; Meetings}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu Ingwelala, waɗanda ke goyon bayan tsarin ruwa mai buɗewa, sun yi shakku cewa an bi duk buƙatun izini, izini, izini, ƙa'idodin aminci, girma da kwararar ruwa yayin sake gina shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;saker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saker |first=John |date=13 March 2017 |title=Message from the Chairman - No. 28 |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/files/chairman/chairman_letter_28.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za |publisher=Ingwelala Share Block (Pty) Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora ==
Tsire-tsire masu rarrafe sun haɗa da ganyen apple, tamboti, figs, leadwoods, kukan boer-bean da acacia. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLlewellyn2014&quot;&gt;Llewellyn, John (2014-05-17). [https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html &quot;Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods&quot;]. ''ingwelala.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 January&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Nhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi RiverNhlaralumi River
{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEhi486uShA Garken kiwon giwaye da ke ratsa Kogin Nhlaralumi] a Simbavati, Leslie Morodomi, YouTube (2018)</text>
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      <text bytes="3230" sha1="m0lgdu6fhtu2tejt8fzzqd5rqoy9w7e" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nhlaralumi''' wani yanki ne na bakin teku na Kogin Olifants a cikin Kruger National Park, a arewacin Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu. Asalinsa yana cikin Thornybush Game Reserve. Hanyarsa ta arewa maso gabas tana ratsawa ta Timbavati Game Reserve, Umbabat Nature Reserve, sannan daga ƙarshe ta yammacin Kruger Park.

== Ƙarar kwarara da mita ==
Bayan an gina wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kogin ya zama na ɗan lokaci tare da raguwar yawan kwarara da kuma yawan ruwan da ake samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ruwa ta Dando a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu 2012 ta lalata wasu wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kuma ta yi ɓarna mai yawa ga muhallin yankin kogin banda gidaje da hanyoyi da ke ƙasa. Ba tare da wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba ba, ruwan ya tashi kusa da saman gadon, kuma shuke-shuken kogin da bambancin rayuwar dabbobi sun inganta. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot; /&gt; Ruwan sama na shekarar 2013 da 2014 ya sake isa ga kwararar ruwa ta ci gaba. An lalata madatsar ruwa ta Mbali da ke gaban Simbavati Hilltop Lodge a Timbavati a shekarar 2014, amma an gyara ta a watan Oktoba 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;mbali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Enhanced wildlife experience at Simbavati Hilltop Lodge |url=http://demo4.braveclients.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Travel-Meetings-Buyer-Enhanced-wildlife-experience-at-Simbavati-Hilltop-Lodge.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=demo4.braveclients.com |publisher=Daily Travel &amp; Meetings}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu Ingwelala, waɗanda ke goyon bayan tsarin ruwa mai buɗewa, sun yi shakku cewa an bi duk buƙatun izini, izini, izini, ƙa'idodin aminci, girma da kwararar ruwa yayin sake gina shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;saker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saker |first=John |date=13 March 2017 |title=Message from the Chairman - No. 28 |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/files/chairman/chairman_letter_28.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za |publisher=Ingwelala Share Block (Pty) Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora ==
Tsire-tsire masu rarrafe sun haɗa da ganyen apple, tamboti, figs, leadwoods, kukan boer-bean da acacia. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLlewellyn2014&quot;&gt;Llewellyn, John (2014-05-17). [https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html &quot;Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods&quot;]. ''ingwelala.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 January&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEhi486uShA Garken kiwon giwaye da ke ratsa Kogin Nhlaralumi] a Simbavati, Leslie Morodomi, YouTube (2018)</text>
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'''Kogin Nhlaralumi''' wani yanki ne na bakin teku na Kogin Olifants a cikin Kruger National Park, a arewacin Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu. Asalinsa yana cikin Thornybush Game Reserve. Hanyarsa ta arewa maso gabas tana ratsawa ta Timbavati Game Reserve, Umbabat Nature Reserve, sannan daga ƙarshe ta yammacin Kruger Park.

== Ƙarar kwarara da mita ==
Bayan an gina wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kogin ya zama na ɗan lokaci tare da raguwar yawan kwarara da kuma yawan ruwan da ake samu. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ruwa ta Dando a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu 2012 ta lalata wasu wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba a saman kogin, kuma ta yi ɓarna mai yawa ga muhallin yankin kogin banda gidaje da hanyoyi da ke ƙasa. Ba tare da wuraren da aka yi amfani da roba ba, ruwan ya tashi kusa da saman gadon, kuma shuke-shuken kogin da bambancin rayuwar dabbobi sun inganta. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot; /&gt; Ruwan sama na shekarar 2013 da 2014 ya sake isa ga kwararar ruwa ta ci gaba. An lalata madatsar ruwa ta Mbali da ke gaban Simbavati Hilltop Lodge a Timbavati a shekarar 2014, amma an gyara ta a watan Oktoba 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;mbali&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Enhanced wildlife experience at Simbavati Hilltop Lodge |url=http://demo4.braveclients.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Travel-Meetings-Buyer-Enhanced-wildlife-experience-at-Simbavati-Hilltop-Lodge.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=demo4.braveclients.com |publisher=Daily Travel &amp; Meetings}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masu Ingwelala, waɗanda ke goyon bayan tsarin ruwa mai buɗewa, sun yi shakku cewa an bi duk buƙatun izini, izini, izini, ƙa'idodin aminci, girma da kwararar ruwa yayin sake gina shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;saker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saker |first=John |date=13 March 2017 |title=Message from the Chairman - No. 28 |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/files/chairman/chairman_letter_28.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za |publisher=Ingwelala Share Block (Pty) Ltd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora ==
Tsire-tsire masu rarrafe sun haɗa da ganyen apple, tamboti, figs, leadwoods, kukan boer-bean da acacia. &lt;ref name=&quot;llew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=John |date=2014-05-17 |title=Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods |url=https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html |access-date=25 January 2019 |website=ingwelala.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLlewellyn2014&quot;&gt;Llewellyn, John (2014-05-17). [https://www.ingwelala.co.za/archives/news-archives/nhlaralumi-river-post-2012-floods.html &quot;Nhlaralumi River: Post 2012 Floods&quot;]. ''ingwelala.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 January&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEhi486uShA Garken kiwon giwaye da ke ratsa Kogin Nhlaralumi] a Simbavati, Leslie Morodomi, YouTube (2018)</text>
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'''Wadi Allaqi''', ( Arabic   ) wanda aka fassara shi da '''Wadi Allaqui''' ko '''Wadi Alalaqi''', wani kogi ne mai busasshe a kudancin [[Misra|Masar]] . Ya fara ne a Sudan a ƙarƙashin Triangle na Halaib, kuma bakinsa yana kudu da [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] a gabashin [[Tafkin Nasser|Tekun Nasser]] . 

Wadi Allaki babban kogi ne mai busasshe a kudu maso gabashin Hamadar Gabas ta Masar, yana malalar yankin daga tsaunukan da ke kusa da [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] zuwa kwarin Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] . Tsawonsa ya kai {{Convert|250|km|mi}}, [[Bararoji|makiyayan]] [[Mutanen Beja|Bejas]] da ke zaune a yankin suna amfani da wannan rafin &amp;#x2013; kimanin mambobi 1,000 na ƙabilun [[Mutanen Ababda|Ababda]] da [[Kabilar Bishari|Bisharyn]]  tun daga shekarar 2003 &amp;#x2013; don kiwon dabbobi, don samar da [[gawayi]] don mai, don tattara shuke-shuken magani, don haƙa tagulla da nickel da kuma don [[noma]] a ƙaramin sikelin.  Tun daga shekarar 1989, yankin ya kasance wurin ajiyar yanayi wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Masar ke kula da shi. [[UNESCO]] ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Ajiyyayyen yanayi|Wurin Ajiye Halittu]] a 1993. &lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt;

Wadi Allaki ya shahara da rubuce-rubucen zinare da duwatsu. Akwai wani wuri mai ban mamaki na rubuce-rubucen duwatsu a Umm Ashira. An gina wani sansanin soja na Masar ta Tsakiya a Quban, kusa da bakin kogin asali, tare da wani sansanin soja da aka gina a Ikkur. Wani siffa da aka danganta da [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar]] Ramesses II da aka gano kusa da Quban yana nuna neman ruwa ga ma'aikatan zinariya. Wannan rijiyar tana da nisan mil 60.&amp;nbsp;km zuwa Wadi Allaki, kusa da Umm Ashira, kuma ya wuce ɓangaren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yanzu wanda yanzu ya zama [[Tafkin Nasser]] .

Ma'adinan zinariya da hakar ma'adinai abin lura ne a saman sassan Wadi Allaqi, musamman a Hairiri, Heimur, Umm Garaiyat, Marahig, Seiga, Shoshoba, da Abu Fas. Bayin da ke zaune a gidajen sarauta sun haƙo zinare da emeralds tsakanin ƙarni na 9 zuwa 13. &lt;ref name=&quot;Alexander&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alexander |first=J. |date=2001 |title=Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa |language=en |volume=33 |page=51 |doi=10.1080/00438240120047627 |jstor=00438243 |quote=Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile’s 2nd Cataract}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haƙar zinare a Zamanin Larabawa na Farko ya ƙaru a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ahmad ibn Tulun . Abin lura shi ne an gina sansanonin soja guda biyu a wannan lokacin a Derahib. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2582" sha1="lyfbuyomfxe04bfmqgg7cqzeh4pep9s" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Wadi Allaqi''', ( Arabic   ) wanda aka fassara shi da '''Wadi Allaqui''' ko '''Wadi Alalaqi''', wani kogi ne mai busasshe a kudancin [[Misra|Masar]] . Ya fara ne a Sudan a ƙarƙashin Triangle na Halaib, kuma bakinsa yana kudu da [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] a gabashin [[Tafkin Nasser|Tekun Nasser]] . 

Wadi Allaki babban kogi ne mai busasshe a kudu maso gabashin Hamadar Gabas ta Masar, yana malalar yankin daga tsaunukan da ke kusa da [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] zuwa kwarin Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] . Tsawonsa ya kai {{Convert|250|km|mi}}, [[Bararoji|makiyayan]] [[Mutanen Beja|Bejas]] da ke zaune a yankin suna amfani da wannan rafin &amp;#x2013; kimanin mambobi 1,000 na ƙabilun [[Mutanen Ababda|Ababda]] da [[Kabilar Bishari|Bisharyn]]  tun daga shekarar 2003 &amp;#x2013; don kiwon dabbobi, don samar da [[gawayi]] don mai, don tattara shuke-shuken magani, don haƙa tagulla da nickel da kuma don [[noma]] a ƙaramin sikelin.  Tun daga shekarar 1989, yankin ya kasance wurin ajiyar yanayi wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Masar ke kula da shi. [[UNESCO]] ta ayyana shi a matsayin [[Ajiyyayyen yanayi|Wurin Ajiye Halittu]] a 1993. &lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt;

Wadi Allaki ya shahara da rubuce-rubucen zinare da duwatsu. Akwai wani wuri mai ban mamaki na rubuce-rubucen duwatsu a Umm Ashira. An gina wani sansanin soja na Masar ta Tsakiya a Quban, kusa da bakin kogin asali, tare da wani sansanin soja da aka gina a Ikkur. Wani siffa da aka danganta da [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar]] Ramesses II da aka gano kusa da Quban yana nuna neman ruwa ga ma'aikatan zinariya. Wannan rijiyar tana da nisan mil 60.&amp;nbsp;km zuwa Wadi Allaki, kusa da Umm Ashira, kuma ya wuce ɓangaren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yanzu wanda yanzu ya zama [[Tafkin Nasser]] .

Ma'adinan zinariya da hakar ma'adinai abin lura ne a saman sassan Wadi Allaqi, musamman a Hairiri, Heimur, Umm Garaiyat, Marahig, Seiga, Shoshoba, da Abu Fas. Bayin da ke zaune a gidajen sarauta sun haƙo zinare da emeralds tsakanin ƙarni na 9 zuwa 13. &lt;ref name=&quot;Alexander&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Alexander |first=J. |date=2001 |title=Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa |language=en |volume=33 |page=51 |doi=10.1080/00438240120047627 |jstor=00438243 |quote=Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile’s 2nd Cataract}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haƙar zinare a Zamanin Larabawa na Farko ya ƙaru a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ahmad ibn Tulun . Abin lura shi ne an gina sansanonin soja guda biyu a wannan lokacin a Derahib. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Wadi Feiran</title>
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'''Wadi Feiran''' ko '''Wadi Faran''' ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi faɗi a kudancin yankin Sinai . Rafi ne mai ratsawa kuma yana tasowa daga tsaunukan da ke kewaye da [[Saint Catherine's Monastery|gidan ibada na Saint Catherine]], mai nisan mita 2500 sama da matakin teku. 
[[Fayil:Wâdy_Feirân._The_rock_supposed_to_have_been_struck_by_Moses_is_in_the_right-hand_forground._The_Arabs_call_it_Hesy_el_Khattatin_(NYPL_b10607452-80755).jpg|thumb|300x300px]]
[[Fayil:WEBSTER(1830)_2.210_WADY_FARAN.jpg|right|300x300px|WEBSTER(1830) 2.210 Wadi Feiran]]
Yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ake zargin Rephidim ne, wurin da aka kai hari a Fitowa inda [[Musa]] ya bugi dutse ya sa shi ya fito da ruwa, ya bar &quot;mutanensa,&quot; Ibraniyawa, su sha. [ 2 ]

Wadi Feiran yana da {{Convert|81|mi}} rafin da ke kan Tsibirin Sinai na [[Misra|Masar]] . Ana kiransa da Wadi el-Sheikh, wanda ke kusa da Jebel Musa . [ 3 ] Ya kwarara zuwa Tekun [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]] na Suez {{Convert|18|mi}} kudu maso gabashin Abu Zenima .  Ptolemy ya gano yankin a matsayin wurin da Paran yake. [ 4 ] Tudun da ke kusa shine Tell Feiran.

== Oasis na Feiran ==
Wurin Feiran Oasis, wanda a da ake kira El Hesweh, yana tafiyar kimanin {{Convert|3|mi}} na tsawon rafin, {{Convert|28|mi}} sama da bakinsa. [ 4 ]

== Makiyayan Sinai ==
Makiyaya, mutanen da ke zaune a cikin tantunan awaki &lt;ref name=&quot;ForATimeMonk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Feiran |url=http://www.bedawi.com/WadiFeiran_EN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114070600/http://www.bedawi.com/WadiFeiran_EN.html |archive-date=14 January 2017 |access-date=7 November 2016 |website=Bedawi}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma yanzu suna zaune a cikin bukkoki na dutse, a al'ada suna ba da karimcinsu ga baƙi a Wadi Feiran da kuma Oasis na Feiran, kusa da Dutsen Sinai . Ana girmama Makiyaya su ba da karimci ga matafiya. Suna iya ba da shayi, kofi, kuma, kwanan nan kamar 2003, suna iya jin dole ne su yanka dabba ga baƙi.  Werner Braun, mai ɗaukar hoto na ɗan jarida, ya ɗauki hoton Makiyaya a Wadi Ferian. &lt;ref name=&quot;Photographer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Photographers / Werner Braun |url=http://www.snunit.k12.il/jerusalem-photo/en/MAINBraun.html |access-date=7 November 2016 |website=Photography in Jerusalem in memory of Tsadok Bassan}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SpottedSnake&quot; /&gt;

Duk da haka, jagororin tafiye-tafiye suna ba wa baƙi shawara da kada su ɓata lokacin marabarsu, suna ba da rahoton cewa masu masaukin baki 'yan asalin ƙasar Bedouin sun yi imanin cewa zama mai ma'ana shine kwana uku: rana ta farko ita ce don gaisuwa, rana ta biyu kuma don cin abinci, rana ta uku kuma don yin magana. Da safe na huɗu, baƙon da ba ya kan hanyarsa ta fita ba zai yi maraba da shi ba &quot;kamar macijin da aka yi masa kitso&quot;.  

Mahajjata da masu yawon bude ido masu sha'awar zuwa nan da kuma kusa da [[Saint Catherine's Monastery|gidan ibada na Saint Catherine]] . Na ɗan lokaci, wani malamin addini daga Saint&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwYw&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Catherine 's kuma tana kula da ƙaramin coci da gonar da ke Wadi Feiran. [ 4 ] &lt;ref name=&quot;ForATimeMonk&quot; /&gt;</text>
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'''Wadi Feiran''' ko '''Wadi Faran''' ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi faɗi a kudancin yankin Sinai . Rafi ne mai ratsawa kuma yana tasowa daga tsaunukan da ke kewaye da [[Saint Catherine's Monastery|gidan ibada na Saint Catherine]], mai nisan mita 2500 sama da matakin teku. 
[[Fayil:Wâdy_Feirân._The_rock_supposed_to_have_been_struck_by_Moses_is_in_the_right-hand_forground._The_Arabs_call_it_Hesy_el_Khattatin_(NYPL_b10607452-80755).jpg|thumb|300x300px]]
[[Fayil:WEBSTER(1830)_2.210_WADY_FARAN.jpg|right|300x300px|WEBSTER(1830) 2.210 Wadi Feiran]]
Yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ake zargin Rephidim ne, wurin da aka kai hari a Fitowa inda [[Musa]] ya bugi dutse ya sa shi ya fito da ruwa, ya bar &quot;mutanensa,&quot; Ibraniyawa, su sha. [ 2 ]

Wadi Feiran yana da {{Convert|81|mi}} rafin da ke kan Tsibirin Sinai na [[Misra|Masar]] . Ana kiransa da Wadi el-Sheikh, wanda ke kusa da Jebel Musa . [ 3 ] Ya kwarara zuwa Tekun [[Red Sea|Bahar Maliya]] na Suez {{Convert|18|mi}} kudu maso gabashin Abu Zenima .  Ptolemy ya gano yankin a matsayin wurin da Paran yake. [ 4 ] Tudun da ke kusa shine Tell Feiran.

== Oasis na Feiran ==
Wurin Feiran Oasis, wanda a da ake kira El Hesweh, yana tafiyar kimanin {{Convert|3|mi}} na tsawon rafin, {{Convert|28|mi}} sama da bakinsa. [ 4 ]

== Makiyayan Sinai ==
Makiyaya, mutanen da ke zaune a cikin tantunan awaki &lt;ref name=&quot;ForATimeMonk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Feiran |url=http://www.bedawi.com/WadiFeiran_EN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114070600/http://www.bedawi.com/WadiFeiran_EN.html |archive-date=14 January 2017 |access-date=7 November 2016 |website=Bedawi}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma yanzu suna zaune a cikin bukkoki na dutse, a al'ada suna ba da karimcinsu ga baƙi a Wadi Feiran da kuma Oasis na Feiran, kusa da Dutsen Sinai . Ana girmama Makiyaya su ba da karimci ga matafiya. Suna iya ba da shayi, kofi, kuma, kwanan nan kamar 2003, suna iya jin dole ne su yanka dabba ga baƙi.  Werner Braun, mai ɗaukar hoto na ɗan jarida, ya ɗauki hoton Makiyaya a Wadi Ferian. &lt;ref name=&quot;Photographer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Photographers / Werner Braun |url=http://www.snunit.k12.il/jerusalem-photo/en/MAINBraun.html |access-date=7 November 2016 |website=Photography in Jerusalem in memory of Tsadok Bassan}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SpottedSnake&quot; /&gt;

Duk da haka, jagororin tafiye-tafiye suna ba wa baƙi shawara da kada su ɓata lokacin marabarsu, suna ba da rahoton cewa masu masaukin baki 'yan asalin ƙasar Bedouin sun yi imanin cewa zama mai ma'ana shine kwana uku: rana ta farko ita ce don gaisuwa, rana ta biyu kuma don cin abinci, rana ta uku kuma don yin magana. Da safe na huɗu, baƙon da ba ya kan hanyarsa ta fita ba zai yi maraba da shi ba &quot;kamar macijin da aka yi masa kitso&quot;.  

Mahajjata da masu yawon bude ido masu sha'awar zuwa nan da kuma kusa da [[Saint Catherine's Monastery|gidan ibada na Saint Catherine]] . Na ɗan lokaci, wani malamin addini daga Saint&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mwYw&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Catherine 's kuma tana kula da ƙaramin coci da gonar da ke Wadi Feiran. [ 4 ] &lt;ref name=&quot;ForATimeMonk&quot; /&gt;

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wadi Gharandel</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323527991|Wadi Gharandel]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1206" sha1="le3xzuai1baqswuln4o0j36w6bcy86h" xml:space="preserve">'''Wadi Gharandel''' wadi ne a yammacin Sinai, [[Misra|Masar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Gharandal: modern identifications of places in the Bible |url=https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/md37ab1/wadi-gharandal |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.openbible.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alaƙa tsakanin Littafi Mai Tsarki ==
Wasu  ya haɗa Wadi Gharandel da labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Fitowa, wato Elim, tasha ta huɗu inda Isra'ilawa suka yi sansani a lokacin tafiyarsu daga bauta a Masar ( {{Bibleverse|Exodus|15:27}}, {{Bibleverse|Numbers|33:9}} ).

Al'adun mutanen Bedouin suna magana game da [[ambaliyar ruwa]] a Wadi Gharandel, wanda ya tuna da sake ambaliya a [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] a cikin labarin Fitowa bayan Isra'ilawa sun ratsa ta cikin teku a kan busasshiyar ƙasa ( {{Bibleverse|Exodus|14}} ). Edward Henry Palmer, Sakataren Asusun Binciken Falasdinu, yana gudanar da aiki ga Binciken Sinai na PEF a 1869, ya gana da Badawiyya wanda ya bayyana irin wannan ambaliyar. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&lt;/sup&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wadi Gharandel''' wadi ne a yammacin Sinai, [[Misra|Masar]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Gharandal: modern identifications of places in the Bible |url=https://www.openbible.info/geo/modern/md37ab1/wadi-gharandal |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.openbible.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alaƙa tsakanin Littafi Mai Tsarki ==
Wasu  ya haɗa Wadi Gharandel da labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Fitowa, wato Elim, tasha ta huɗu inda Isra'ilawa suka yi sansani a lokacin tafiyarsu daga bauta a Masar ( {{Bibleverse|Exodus|15:27}}, {{Bibleverse|Numbers|33:9}} ).

Al'adun mutanen Bedouin suna magana game da [[ambaliyar ruwa]] a Wadi Gharandel, wanda ya tuna da sake ambaliya a [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] a cikin labarin Fitowa bayan Isra'ilawa sun ratsa ta cikin teku a kan busasshiyar ƙasa ( {{Bibleverse|Exodus|14}} ). Edward Henry Palmer, Sakataren Asusun Binciken Falasdinu, yana gudanar da aiki ga Binciken Sinai na PEF a 1869, ya gana da Badawiyya wanda ya bayyana irin wannan ambaliyar. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&lt;/sup&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Wadi el-Hudi</title>
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'''Wadi el-Hudi''' yanki ne [[Hakar ma'adinai|na haƙar ma'adinai]] wanda ya haɗa da babban rafi da dutse mai suna Gebel el-Hudi a cikin Hamadar Gabas ta [[Misirawa|Masar]], kudu maso gabashin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=June 2017 |title=Egyptian or Nubian? Dry-Stone Architecture at Wadi el-Hudi, Wadi es-Sebua, and the Eastern Desert |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0307513317714407 |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |volume=103 |issue=1 |pages=35–51 |doi=10.1177/0307513317714407 |issn=0307-5133 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2024-06-01 |title=Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=64–72 |doi=10.1086/729870 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana tsammanin sunan ''hudi'' ya fito ne daga kalmar [[Larabci]] don jagora.   Wadi el-Hudi yana da wadataccen yanki a fannin ƙasa kuma ya kasance tushen hakar ma'adinai da bincike mai yawa tun zamanin da. Duk da cewa da farko an san shi da tsoffin wuraren hakar ma'adinai na amethyst, wannan yanki yana da mahimmanci a yi nazarin kayan tarihi na Masar da [[tarihi]] saboda yawan rubuce-rubucen duwatsu, duwatsu, matsuguni, da ma'adanai, galibi suna zaune a Masar ta Tsakiya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wannan yanki yana da girma sosai, kimanin murabba'in kilomita 100. &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Wannan yanki shine babban tushen amethyst a Tsohuwar Masar.  [[Ilmin duwatsu|Ilimin ƙasa]] na wannan yanki yana da bambanci sosai kuma ba kasafai yake faruwa ba saboda haɗuwar ginshiƙin Precambrian na metamorphic gneiss tare da ƙaramin sandstone na Cretaceous Nubian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Dangane da abubuwan da suka haɗa da dutsen ƙasar, quartz, amethyst, da [[Zinare|zinariya]] ana samun su da yawa a nan. An sami wasu ma'adanai, kamar amazonite, jan ƙarfe, carnelian, talc, barite, da galena . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023 |title=The Wadi el-Hudi Expedition to the Eastern Desert |url=https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/i86xq6likqqez10vo6re9/Liszka-2023-The-Wadi-el-Hudi-Expedition-to-the-Eastern-Desert.pdf?rlkey=njpgqlmpcp50ib7614wtesjd5&amp;e=1&amp;dl=0 |journal=Scribe |volume=Fall 2023 |pages=62–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:64&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2018 |title=Site 4 at Wadi el-Hudi: A Lost Amethyst Mining Settlement |url=https://www.academia.edu/35602651 |journal=Egyptian Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=36–40}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana samun duwatsun hammer na Diorite na halitta, asalin gida ko'ina a wannan yanki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2023&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2023-01-01). [https://www.academia.edu/114902528 &quot;Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi&quot;]. ''A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai shaidar ayyukan ɗan adam daga zamanin Paleolithic, Nagada II / Predynastic, Masarautar Tsakiya, [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar|Sabuwar Masarautar]], Ptolemaic, Farisa, da Musulunci . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2023&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2023-01-01). [https://www.academia.edu/114902528 &quot;Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi&quot;]. ''A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matafiya sun fi amfani da yankin a kowane zamani, da kuma a zamanin yau. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2024-06-01 |title=Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=64–72 |doi=10.1086/729870 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2024&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2024-06-01). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-subscription&quot; title=&quot;Paid subscription required&quot;&gt;[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 &quot;Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt&quot;]&lt;/span&gt;. ''Near Eastern Archaeology''. '''87''' (2): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;64–&lt;/span&gt;72. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/729870|10.1086/729870]]. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2076 1094-2076].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Zane-zanen duwatsu daga makiyaya na makiyaya sun fara tun farkon zamanin predynastic, saboda ƙungiyoyin matafiya da yawa sun yi amfani da yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Yaƙin neman haƙar amethyst da aka tsara, wanda gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyinsa, ya fara ne a daular 11 a ƙarƙashin mulkin Mentuhotep na IV . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Daga baya, sarkin daular 12, [[Senusret na I|Senwosret na 1]], ya faɗaɗa waɗannan balaguron.  Rubuce-rubuce sun mamaye Daular Tsakiya, har zuwa zamanin Sobekhotep na IV . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Jami'an gudanarwa na Masar har yanzu sun san wannan yanki a lokacin Sabuwar Masarautar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conserving and Recording Stelae from the Amethyst Mines of Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://arce.org/project/conserving-and-recording-stelae-from-the-amethyst-mines-of-wadi-el-hudi/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=ARCE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Farisa, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ma'adinai sun yi aiki a Wurin 11 kuma suka bar zane-zane a kan WH143.  Daga baya a lokacin Ptolemaic, manyan balaguro sun koma haƙar amethyst a Wurin 4. &lt;ref name=&quot;:64&quot; /&gt; A lokacin 9-10c. CE, manyan ƙungiyoyi sun haƙar zinare a Wurin 3 da 13.  A halin yanzu, Hamadar Gabas a matsayin yanki ana amfani da ita don albarkatu ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ma'adinai na halal da na haram. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |title=Liszka 2017 Salvaging and Protecting the Archaeology of Wadi el Hudi Eastern Desert. ARCE Bulletin 210: 16-21 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34197583}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Wadi el-Hudi''' yanki ne [[Hakar ma'adinai|na haƙar ma'adinai]] wanda ya haɗa da babban rafi da dutse mai suna Gebel el-Hudi a cikin Hamadar Gabas ta [[Misirawa|Masar]], kudu maso gabashin [[Aswan, Egypt|Aswan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=June 2017 |title=Egyptian or Nubian? Dry-Stone Architecture at Wadi el-Hudi, Wadi es-Sebua, and the Eastern Desert |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0307513317714407 |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |volume=103 |issue=1 |pages=35–51 |doi=10.1177/0307513317714407 |issn=0307-5133 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2024-06-01 |title=Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=64–72 |doi=10.1086/729870 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana tsammanin sunan ''hudi'' ya fito ne daga kalmar [[Larabci]] don jagora.   Wadi el-Hudi yana da wadataccen yanki a fannin ƙasa kuma ya kasance tushen hakar ma'adinai da bincike mai yawa tun zamanin da. Duk da cewa da farko an san shi da tsoffin wuraren hakar ma'adinai na amethyst, wannan yanki yana da mahimmanci a yi nazarin kayan tarihi na Masar da [[tarihi]] saboda yawan rubuce-rubucen duwatsu, duwatsu, matsuguni, da ma'adanai, galibi suna zaune a Masar ta Tsakiya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wannan yanki yana da girma sosai, kimanin murabba'in kilomita 100. &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimin ƙasa ==
Wannan yanki shine babban tushen amethyst a Tsohuwar Masar.  [[Ilmin duwatsu|Ilimin ƙasa]] na wannan yanki yana da bambanci sosai kuma ba kasafai yake faruwa ba saboda haɗuwar ginshiƙin Precambrian na metamorphic gneiss tare da ƙaramin sandstone na Cretaceous Nubian. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Dangane da abubuwan da suka haɗa da dutsen ƙasar, quartz, amethyst, da [[Zinare|zinariya]] ana samun su da yawa a nan. An sami wasu ma'adanai, kamar amazonite, jan ƙarfe, carnelian, talc, barite, da galena . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023 |title=The Wadi el-Hudi Expedition to the Eastern Desert |url=https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/i86xq6likqqez10vo6re9/Liszka-2023-The-Wadi-el-Hudi-Expedition-to-the-Eastern-Desert.pdf?rlkey=njpgqlmpcp50ib7614wtesjd5&amp;e=1&amp;dl=0 |journal=Scribe |volume=Fall 2023 |pages=62–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:64&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2018 |title=Site 4 at Wadi el-Hudi: A Lost Amethyst Mining Settlement |url=https://www.academia.edu/35602651 |journal=Egyptian Archaeology |volume=51 |pages=36–40}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana samun duwatsun hammer na Diorite na halitta, asalin gida ko'ina a wannan yanki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2023&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2023-01-01). [https://www.academia.edu/114902528 &quot;Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi&quot;]. ''A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai shaidar ayyukan ɗan adam daga zamanin Paleolithic, Nagada II / Predynastic, Masarautar Tsakiya, [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar|Sabuwar Masarautar]], Ptolemaic, Farisa, da Musulunci . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2023-01-01 |title=Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://www.academia.edu/114902528 |journal=A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2023&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2023-01-01). [https://www.academia.edu/114902528 &quot;Brand and Liszka 2024 A desert Middle Nubian amethyst mining camp at Wadi el-Hudi&quot;]. ''A Desert Middle Nubian Mining Camp''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matafiya sun fi amfani da yankin a kowane zamani, da kuma a zamanin yau. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |date=2024-06-01 |title=Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 |journal=Near Eastern Archaeology |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=64–72 |doi=10.1086/729870 |issn=1094-2076 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLiszka2024&quot;&gt;Liszka, Kate (2024-06-01). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-subscription&quot; title=&quot;Paid subscription required&quot;&gt;[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/729870 &quot;Evidence for Pastoral Nomads and Travelers in the Eastern Desert: Site 51 and Beyond at Wadi el-Hudi, Egypt&quot;]&lt;/span&gt;. ''Near Eastern Archaeology''. '''87''' (2): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;64–&lt;/span&gt;72. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/729870|10.1086/729870]]. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2076 1094-2076].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Zane-zanen duwatsu daga makiyaya na makiyaya sun fara tun farkon zamanin predynastic, saboda ƙungiyoyin matafiya da yawa sun yi amfani da yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Yaƙin neman haƙar amethyst da aka tsara, wanda gwamnati ta ɗauki nauyinsa, ya fara ne a daular 11 a ƙarƙashin mulkin Mentuhotep na IV . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Daga baya, sarkin daular 12, [[Senusret na I|Senwosret na 1]], ya faɗaɗa waɗannan balaguron.  Rubuce-rubuce sun mamaye Daular Tsakiya, har zuwa zamanin Sobekhotep na IV . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Jami'an gudanarwa na Masar har yanzu sun san wannan yanki a lokacin Sabuwar Masarautar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conserving and Recording Stelae from the Amethyst Mines of Wadi el-Hudi |url=https://arce.org/project/conserving-and-recording-stelae-from-the-amethyst-mines-of-wadi-el-hudi/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=ARCE}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin Farisa, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ma'adinai sun yi aiki a Wurin 11 kuma suka bar zane-zane a kan WH143.  Daga baya a lokacin Ptolemaic, manyan balaguro sun koma haƙar amethyst a Wurin 4. &lt;ref name=&quot;:64&quot; /&gt; A lokacin 9-10c. CE, manyan ƙungiyoyi sun haƙar zinare a Wurin 3 da 13.  A halin yanzu, Hamadar Gabas a matsayin yanki ana amfani da ita don albarkatu ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ma'adinai na halal da na haram. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Liszka |first=Kate |title=Liszka 2017 Salvaging and Protecting the Archaeology of Wadi el Hudi Eastern Desert. ARCE Bulletin 210: 16-21 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34197583}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="108" sha1="cac9mo5th42321ny1gycwqyrpd33ett" xml:space="preserve">'''Wadi Khudra''' wani kunkuntar rafi ne da kwazazzabo a yankin Sinai a [[Misra|Masar]] .  

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wadi Khudra''' wani kunkuntar rafi ne da kwazazzabo a yankin Sinai a [[Misra|Masar]] .  

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    <title>Wadi El Natrun</title>
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'''Wadi El Natrun''' ( Arabic       ; ' Coptic          ) wani yanki ne mai zurfi a arewacin [[Misra|Masar]] wanda ke da {{Convert|23|m}} a ƙasa da matakin teku da kuma {{Convert|38|m}} a ƙasa da matakin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] . Kwarin ya ƙunshi tafkuna da dama na alkaline, ma'adanan gishiri masu arzikin natron, dausayin gishiri da kuma dausayin ruwa mai tsafta . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Taher, A. G. |year=1999 |title=Inland saline lakes of Wadi el Natrun depression, Egypt |journal=International Journal of Salt Lake Research |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=149–169 |doi=10.1007/BF02442128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin adabin Kirista, galibi ana kiran yankin da '''Scetis''' (

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Wadi al-Natrun sunan da aka fi sani da kwarin hamada da ke yammacin kogin Nilu, tare da El Tahrir Markaz, wanda ke da nisan mil 10.&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da ƙofar shiga birnin Sadat a kan hanyar hamada ta Alkahira-Alexandria, da kuma kimanin kilomita 50&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Khatatba a reshen Rosetta na Kogin Nilu. Magudanar ruwa tana faɗuwa kimanin mita 50 a ƙarƙashin saman tudun da ke kewaye da shi. Tsawonsa yana tsakanin 55 da 60.&amp;nbsp;km, matsakaicin faɗinsa shine 10&amp;nbsp;km kuma zurfin wurin ya kai mita 24 a ƙasa da matakin teku. Matsawar ƙasa ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a Hamadar Yammacin Masar, tare da yanki na kusan kilomita &lt;sup&gt;500.&lt;/sup&gt; A fannin yanayin ƙasa ba kwarin gaske ba ne. Saboda yankin wani yanki ne mai rufewa wanda ke da tushe da ƙarshe daban ba tare da tushen ruwa, kogo ko rafuka ba, amfani da kalmar &quot;Wadi&quot; ba daidai ba ne a zahiri. 

Kogin Wadi ya ƙunshi tafkuna 12, waɗanda ke da jimillar faɗin saman su 10&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; kuma matsakaicin zurfin mita 2 kacal. Launin waɗannan tafkuna ja-shuɗi ne saboda ruwansu yana cike da gishirin natron . 

== Tarihi ==

=== Gano burbushin halittu ===
An gano burbushin halittu tun zamanin Pliocene (shekaru miliyan 5.3–2.6 da suka wuce) a yankin Wadi El Natrun, ciki har da kada mai dogon hanci ''Euthecodon ,''  kunkuru mai laushi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=Roger Conant |date=1979 |title=First Record of a Fossil Trionychid Skull from Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3891970 |journal=Herpetologica |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=360–364 |issn=0018-0831}}&lt;/ref&gt; raƙumi ''Paracamelus ,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pickford |first=Martin |last2=Morales |first2=Jorge |last3=Soria |first3=Dolores |date=1995 |title=Fossil camels from the upper miocene of Europe: Implications for biogeography and faunal change |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699595802177 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=641–650 |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80217-7 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; equine hipparionine mai yatsu uku ''Cormohipparion'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Churcher |first=Charles S. |date=2014-01-02 |title=A vacant niche? The curious distributions of African Perissodactyla |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0035919X.2013.867909 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |language=en |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1080/0035919X.2013.867909 |issn=0035-919X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; hippopotamus na farko ''Archaeopotamus andrewsi ,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Martino |first=R. |last2=Rook |first2=L. |last3=Mateus |first3=O. |last4=Pandolfi |first4=L. |date=2024-04-02 |title=The Late Miocene hippopotamid, Archaeopotamus pantanellii nov. comb., from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, Italy): paleobiogeographic implications |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912 |journal=Historical Biology |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=891–904 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912 |issn=0891-2963 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; barewa gami da reedbuck ( ''Redunca'' ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vrba |first=Elisabeth S. |date=January 2006 |title=A possible ancestor of the living waterbuck and lechwes: Kobus basilcookei sp. nov. (Reduncini, Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from the Early Pliocene of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00359190609519954 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |language=en |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=63–74 |doi=10.1080/00359190609519954 |issn=0035-919X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Alcelaphinae, &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|journal=Anthony B.}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma dangin giwa ''Deinotherium'' . 

An fara tabbatar da kwarin Natron a cikin [[Tsohuwar Masar|tsohon littafin adabin Masar]] ''mai suna The Eloquent Peasant'', kuma an ambaci shi a cikin jerin oases bakwai a cikin Haikalin Edfu . A zamanin Ptolemaic, ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na Nitrite Nome ( Ancient Greek   ). An kuma san shi a cikin Coptic a matsayin ''Dutsen Gishiri'' ( Coptic   )  ko ''Phanihosem'' ( Coptic       ). 

Muhimmancin kwarin Natrun ya samo asali ne tun zamanin Fir'auna, yayin da [[Tsohuwar Masar|tsoffin Masarawa]] da Libiyawa suka yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa a can. Wannan rikici ya ƙare da Masarawa suka shawo kan abokan hamayyarsu suka kuma haɗa gefen gabashin hamada, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na Masar a yau. Duk da cewa Wadi al-Natrun ya zama wani yanki na gudanarwa na ƙasar a zamanin Fir'auna, ba a gano wani bayani game da tarihinta a wannan lokacin ba. Sabbin rubuce-rubucen da aka gano game da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Libu da Masarawa sun nuna cewa yaƙin ƙarshe ya faru ne a shekara ta 1170 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a zamanin mulkin [[Ramesses III|Ramesses na Uku]] . 
[[Rukuni:Biranen Misra]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844577</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T12:59:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="5455" sha1="cop1oecqasl4a4ii2i8wcecgdnxddl5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Wadi El Natrun''' ( Arabic       ; ' Coptic          ) wani yanki ne mai zurfi a arewacin [[Misra|Masar]] wanda ke da {{Convert|23|m}} a ƙasa da matakin teku da kuma {{Convert|38|m}} a ƙasa da matakin [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] . Kwarin ya ƙunshi tafkuna da dama na alkaline, ma'adanan gishiri masu arzikin natron, dausayin gishiri da kuma dausayin ruwa mai tsafta . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Taher, A. G. |year=1999 |title=Inland saline lakes of Wadi el Natrun depression, Egypt |journal=International Journal of Salt Lake Research |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=149–169 |doi=10.1007/BF02442128}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin adabin Kirista, galibi ana kiran yankin da '''Scetis''' (

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Wadi al-Natrun sunan da aka fi sani da kwarin hamada da ke yammacin kogin Nilu, tare da El Tahrir Markaz, wanda ke da nisan mil 10.&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da ƙofar shiga birnin Sadat a kan hanyar hamada ta Alkahira-Alexandria, da kuma kimanin kilomita 50&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Khatatba a reshen Rosetta na Kogin Nilu. Magudanar ruwa tana faɗuwa kimanin mita 50 a ƙarƙashin saman tudun da ke kewaye da shi. Tsawonsa yana tsakanin 55 da 60.&amp;nbsp;km, matsakaicin faɗinsa shine 10&amp;nbsp;km kuma zurfin wurin ya kai mita 24 a ƙasa da matakin teku. Matsawar ƙasa ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a Hamadar Yammacin Masar, tare da yanki na kusan kilomita &lt;sup&gt;500.&lt;/sup&gt; A fannin yanayin ƙasa ba kwarin gaske ba ne. Saboda yankin wani yanki ne mai rufewa wanda ke da tushe da ƙarshe daban ba tare da tushen ruwa, kogo ko rafuka ba, amfani da kalmar &quot;Wadi&quot; ba daidai ba ne a zahiri. 

Kogin Wadi ya ƙunshi tafkuna 12, waɗanda ke da jimillar faɗin saman su 10&amp;nbsp;km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; kuma matsakaicin zurfin mita 2 kacal. Launin waɗannan tafkuna ja-shuɗi ne saboda ruwansu yana cike da gishirin natron . 

== Tarihi ==

=== Gano burbushin halittu ===
An gano burbushin halittu tun zamanin Pliocene (shekaru miliyan 5.3–2.6 da suka wuce) a yankin Wadi El Natrun, ciki har da kada mai dogon hanci ''Euthecodon ,''  kunkuru mai laushi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=Roger Conant |date=1979 |title=First Record of a Fossil Trionychid Skull from Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3891970 |journal=Herpetologica |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=360–364 |issn=0018-0831}}&lt;/ref&gt; raƙumi ''Paracamelus ,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pickford |first=Martin |last2=Morales |first2=Jorge |last3=Soria |first3=Dolores |date=1995 |title=Fossil camels from the upper miocene of Europe: Implications for biogeography and faunal change |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699595802177 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=641–650 |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80217-7 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; equine hipparionine mai yatsu uku ''Cormohipparion'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Churcher |first=Charles S. |date=2014-01-02 |title=A vacant niche? The curious distributions of African Perissodactyla |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0035919X.2013.867909 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |language=en |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1080/0035919X.2013.867909 |issn=0035-919X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; hippopotamus na farko ''Archaeopotamus andrewsi ,'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Martino |first=R. |last2=Rook |first2=L. |last3=Mateus |first3=O. |last4=Pandolfi |first4=L. |date=2024-04-02 |title=The Late Miocene hippopotamid, Archaeopotamus pantanellii nov. comb., from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, Italy): paleobiogeographic implications |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912 |journal=Historical Biology |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=891–904 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912 |issn=0891-2963 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; barewa gami da reedbuck ( ''Redunca'' ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Vrba |first=Elisabeth S. |date=January 2006 |title=A possible ancestor of the living waterbuck and lechwes: Kobus basilcookei sp. nov. (Reduncini, Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from the Early Pliocene of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00359190609519954 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |language=en |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=63–74 |doi=10.1080/00359190609519954 |issn=0035-919X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Alcelaphinae, &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|journal=Anthony B.}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma dangin giwa ''Deinotherium'' . 

An fara tabbatar da kwarin Natron a cikin [[Tsohuwar Masar|tsohon littafin adabin Masar]] ''mai suna The Eloquent Peasant'', kuma an ambaci shi a cikin jerin oases bakwai a cikin Haikalin Edfu . A zamanin Ptolemaic, ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na Nitrite Nome ( Ancient Greek   ). An kuma san shi a cikin Coptic a matsayin ''Dutsen Gishiri'' ( Coptic   )  ko ''Phanihosem'' ( Coptic       ). 

Muhimmancin kwarin Natrun ya samo asali ne tun zamanin Fir'auna, yayin da [[Tsohuwar Masar|tsoffin Masarawa]] da Libiyawa suka yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa a can. Wannan rikici ya ƙare da Masarawa suka shawo kan abokan hamayyarsu suka kuma haɗa gefen gabashin hamada, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na Masar a yau. Duk da cewa Wadi al-Natrun ya zama wani yanki na gudanarwa na ƙasar a zamanin Fir'auna, ba a gano wani bayani game da tarihinta a wannan lokacin ba. Sabbin rubuce-rubucen da aka gano game da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Libu da Masarawa sun nuna cewa yaƙin ƙarshe ya faru ne a shekara ta 1170 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a zamanin mulkin [[Ramesses III|Ramesses na Uku]] . 
[[Rukuni:Biranen Misra]]
==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wadi Tumilat</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351127967|Wadi Tumilat]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Canal_of_the_Pharaohs_Map-en.svg|thumb|Madatsar ruwa ta Fir'auna, wadda ta biyo bayan Wadi Tumilat]]
'''Wadi Tumilat''' ( [[Harshen Misira|Tsohuwar]] '''Tjeku/Tscheku/Tju/Tschu''' na Masar) yana da {{Convert|50|km|mi|-long}} busasshen kwarin kogi ( wadi ) a gabashin kogin Nilu . A [[Prehistory|tarihi]], yankin rarraba [[Nil|kogin]] ne. Ya fara ne kusa da garin [[Zagazig]] na zamani da kuma tsohon garin Bubastis kuma ya nufi gabas zuwa yankin Ismaïlia na zamani.

A zamanin da, wannan babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta cinikin ayari tsakanin Masar da kuma gabas. An gina [[Hanyar Fir'auna|magudanar ruwa ta Fir'auna]] a can. Har yanzu akwai ruwa kaɗan da ke gudana a kan rafin.  [[Tashar Ismailiya|Magudanar ruwa mai daɗi]] ta yanzu kuma tana gudana a kan rafin.

Ana kyautata zaton sunan Larabci &quot;Wadi Tumilat&quot; yana nuna wanzuwar yankin, a zamanin da, na wani muhimmin haikali na allahn Atum (Tsohon Masarawa ''pr-itm'', 'Gidan Atum', wanda ya canza zuwa 'Tumilat', da kuma ' [[Pithom]] '). 

Tsohon sunan kwarin shine ''Wadi as-Sadir'' ( Arabic   ), wanda kuma shine &quot; Ƙasar Goshen &quot; a cikin fassarar Larabci ta Pentateuch . 

Wadi Tumilat tana da tarkacen matsugunan da dama na da. Wurin da aka fara haƙa shine na Kafr Hassan Dawood, wanda ya samo asali daga zamanin Predynastic zuwa farkon Zamanin Daular .  Wurare da dama sun ƙunshi kayan tarihi na Tsakiyar Tsakiya na Biyu, lokacin da Wadi Tumilat ke da alaƙa da Levant, gami da [[Pithom|Tell el-Retaba]], Tell el-Maskhuta, [[Tell el-Shaqafiya]], Tell el-Kuʿ .  A ƙarshen zamanin [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar]], akwai wani wuri mai ƙarfi a [[Tell el-Retabah]] . Amma a lokacin, a zamanin Daular Saite, an mayar da babban mazaunin da sansanin soja zuwa gabas zuwa [[Pithom|Tell el-Maskhuta]], {{Convert|12|km}} kacal zuwa gabas. 

Necho II (610–595 BC) ya fara—amma wataƙila bai taɓa kammala ba—wani babban aikin yanke magudanar ruwa mai iya tafiya daga reshen [[Pelusium|Nilusiac]] na [[Nil|Kogin]] zuwa [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . [[Hanyar Fir'auna|Madatsar ruwan Necho]] ita ce farkon mafarin [[Suez canal|magudanar ruwan Suez]], kuma ta ratsa ta Wadi Tumilat.  Dangane da wani sabon aiki ne Necho ya kafa sabon birni na ''Per-Temu Tjeku'' wanda ke fassara a matsayin 'Gidan Atum na Tjeku' a Tell el-Maskhuta. 

A kusan shekarar 1820, [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali na Masar]], Gwamnan Ottoman na Masar, ya kawo 'yan Siriya 500 zuwa Wadi ya kuma ba su kayan aiki da dabbobi don gina sakai 1,000 don noman bishiyoyin mulberry don noman gona . An gyara tsarin ban ruwa ta hanyar tsaftacewa da zurfafa magudanan ruwa da ke akwai. An samar da aikin yi ta hanyar tilasta wa manoma yin aiki.  

Tell Shaqafiya a cikin Wadi kuma yana da alaƙa da magudanar ruwa da kuma aikinta.

Wurin da [[Tell el Gebel]] ya kasance mafi yawancin lokacin mulkin Romawa ne.

A shekarar 1930, wata ƙungiya daga Cibiyar Jamus da ke Alkahira ta gudanar da bincike kan Wadi Tumilat. Daga baya, an gano wasu kaburburan Hyksos a yankin [[Tell es-Sahaba]] . &lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XNdgScxtirYC&amp;pg=PA1078 ''Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt''], edited by Kathryn A. Bard. Routledge, 1999
{{ISBN|0203982835}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[Fayil:Canal_of_the_Pharaohs_Map-en.svg|thumb|Madatsar ruwa ta Fir'auna, wadda ta biyo bayan Wadi Tumilat]]
'''Wadi Tumilat''' ( [[Harshen Misira|Tsohuwar]] '''Tjeku/Tscheku/Tju/Tschu''' na Masar) yana da {{Convert|50|km|mi|-long}} busasshen kwarin kogi ( wadi ) a gabashin kogin Nilu . A [[Prehistory|tarihi]], yankin rarraba [[Nil|kogin]] ne. Ya fara ne kusa da garin [[Zagazig]] na zamani da kuma tsohon garin Bubastis kuma ya nufi gabas zuwa yankin Ismaïlia na zamani.

A zamanin da, wannan babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta cinikin ayari tsakanin Masar da kuma gabas. An gina [[Hanyar Fir'auna|magudanar ruwa ta Fir'auna]] a can. Har yanzu akwai ruwa kaɗan da ke gudana a kan rafin.  [[Tashar Ismailiya|Magudanar ruwa mai daɗi]] ta yanzu kuma tana gudana a kan rafin.

Ana kyautata zaton sunan Larabci &quot;Wadi Tumilat&quot; yana nuna wanzuwar yankin, a zamanin da, na wani muhimmin haikali na allahn Atum (Tsohon Masarawa ''pr-itm'', 'Gidan Atum', wanda ya canza zuwa 'Tumilat', da kuma ' [[Pithom]] '). 

Tsohon sunan kwarin shine ''Wadi as-Sadir'' ( Arabic   ), wanda kuma shine &quot; Ƙasar Goshen &quot; a cikin fassarar Larabci ta Pentateuch . 

Wadi Tumilat tana da tarkacen matsugunan da dama na da. Wurin da aka fara haƙa shine na Kafr Hassan Dawood, wanda ya samo asali daga zamanin Predynastic zuwa farkon Zamanin Daular .  Wurare da dama sun ƙunshi kayan tarihi na Tsakiyar Tsakiya na Biyu, lokacin da Wadi Tumilat ke da alaƙa da Levant, gami da [[Pithom|Tell el-Retaba]], Tell el-Maskhuta, [[Tell el-Shaqafiya]], Tell el-Kuʿ .  A ƙarshen zamanin [[Sabuwar Masarautar Masar]], akwai wani wuri mai ƙarfi a [[Tell el-Retabah]] . Amma a lokacin, a zamanin Daular Saite, an mayar da babban mazaunin da sansanin soja zuwa gabas zuwa [[Pithom|Tell el-Maskhuta]], {{Convert|12|km}} kacal zuwa gabas. 

Necho II (610–595 BC) ya fara—amma wataƙila bai taɓa kammala ba—wani babban aikin yanke magudanar ruwa mai iya tafiya daga reshen [[Pelusium|Nilusiac]] na [[Nil|Kogin]] zuwa [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . [[Hanyar Fir'auna|Madatsar ruwan Necho]] ita ce farkon mafarin [[Suez canal|magudanar ruwan Suez]], kuma ta ratsa ta Wadi Tumilat.  Dangane da wani sabon aiki ne Necho ya kafa sabon birni na ''Per-Temu Tjeku'' wanda ke fassara a matsayin 'Gidan Atum na Tjeku' a Tell el-Maskhuta. 

A kusan shekarar 1820, [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali na Masar]], Gwamnan Ottoman na Masar, ya kawo 'yan Siriya 500 zuwa Wadi ya kuma ba su kayan aiki da dabbobi don gina sakai 1,000 don noman bishiyoyin mulberry don noman gona . An gyara tsarin ban ruwa ta hanyar tsaftacewa da zurfafa magudanan ruwa da ke akwai. An samar da aikin yi ta hanyar tilasta wa manoma yin aiki.  

Tell Shaqafiya a cikin Wadi kuma yana da alaƙa da magudanar ruwa da kuma aikinta.

Wurin da [[Tell el Gebel]] ya kasance mafi yawancin lokacin mulkin Romawa ne.

A shekarar 1930, wata ƙungiya daga Cibiyar Jamus da ke Alkahira ta gudanar da bincike kan Wadi Tumilat. Daga baya, an gano wasu kaburburan Hyksos a yankin [[Tell es-Sahaba]] . &lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=XNdgScxtirYC&amp;pg=PA1078 ''Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt''], edited by Kathryn A. Bard. Routledge, 1999
{{ISBN|0203982835}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wadi Watir</title>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323526940|Wadi Watir]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Wadi Watir''' wani kunkuntar rafi ne da kwazazzabo a yankin Sinai a Masar.

Dabino na dabino suna layi a kan rafin a wurare,  kuma yana kwarara zuwa Tekun Aqaba kusa da [[Nuweiba]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Wadi Watir''' wani kunkuntar rafi ne da kwazazzabo a yankin Sinai a Masar.

Dabino na dabino suna layi a kan rafin a wurare,  kuma yana kwarara zuwa Tekun Aqaba kusa da [[Nuweiba]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wadi al-Arish</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327489745|Wadi al-Arish]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Wadi al-Arish''' busasshiyar kogi ce a yankin Sinai na Masar. Kogin, lokacin da yake gudana, tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 250 kuma ya kwarara zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum kusa da garin Arish . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Al-ʿArīsh {{!}} river, Egypt {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Wadi-Al-Arish |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu, ciki har da masanin ƙasa Ishtori Haparchi, suna ɗaukar Wadi al-Arish a matsayin Kogin Masar da aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci wanda ya kafa iyakar kudancin ƙasar Isra'ila . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shneor |first=David |last2= |first2= |date=2012 |title=Geographical Descriptions of Eretz Israel in &quot;Kaftor VaFerah&quot; Compared to Geographical Explanations of Medieval Exegetes |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23409916 |journal=Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv |language=he |issue=143 |page=107 |issn=0334-4657}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar ruwa]] ta Wadi al-Arish ita ce mafi girman tsarin magudanar ruwa a yankin Sinai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Elbarbary |first=Samah |last2=Araffa |first2=Sultan A. S. |last3=El-Shahat |first3=Adam |last4=Abdel Zaher |first4=Mohamed |last5=Khedher |first5=Khaled M. |date=1 February 2021 |title=Delineation of water potentiality areas at Wadi El-Arish, Sinai, Egypt, using hydrological and geophysical techniques |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X20303071 |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=174 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.104056 |issn=1464-343X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Danshi na Afirka]] shine karo na ƙarshe da kogi ke gudana akai-akai ta cikin kogin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=AbuBakr |first=Mostafa |last2=Ghoneim |first2=Eman |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |last4=Zeneldin |first4=Mahmoud |last5=Zeid |first5=Salah |date=15 July 2013 |title=Use of radar data to unveil the paleolakes and the ancestral course of Wadi El-Arish, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X13001992 |journal=Geomorphology |volume=194 |pages=34–45 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.04.005 |issn=0169-555X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadi al-Arish wuri ne mai muhimmanci a Yaƙin Magdhaba na Yaƙin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Duniya na Ɗaya]] na 1916.</text>
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'''Wadi al-Arish''' busasshiyar kogi ce a yankin Sinai na Masar. Kogin, lokacin da yake gudana, tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 250 kuma ya kwarara zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum kusa da garin Arish . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wadi Al-ʿArīsh {{!}} river, Egypt {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Wadi-Al-Arish |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu, ciki har da masanin ƙasa Ishtori Haparchi, suna ɗaukar Wadi al-Arish a matsayin Kogin Masar da aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci wanda ya kafa iyakar kudancin ƙasar Isra'ila . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shneor |first=David |last2= |first2= |date=2012 |title=Geographical Descriptions of Eretz Israel in &quot;Kaftor VaFerah&quot; Compared to Geographical Explanations of Medieval Exegetes |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23409916 |journal=Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv |language=he |issue=143 |page=107 |issn=0334-4657}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar ruwa]] ta Wadi al-Arish ita ce mafi girman tsarin magudanar ruwa a yankin Sinai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Elbarbary |first=Samah |last2=Araffa |first2=Sultan A. S. |last3=El-Shahat |first3=Adam |last4=Abdel Zaher |first4=Mohamed |last5=Khedher |first5=Khaled M. |date=1 February 2021 |title=Delineation of water potentiality areas at Wadi El-Arish, Sinai, Egypt, using hydrological and geophysical techniques |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1464343X20303071 |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=174 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.104056 |issn=1464-343X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lokacin zafi na Afirka|Lokacin Danshi na Afirka]] shine karo na ƙarshe da kogi ke gudana akai-akai ta cikin kogin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=AbuBakr |first=Mostafa |last2=Ghoneim |first2=Eman |last3=El-Baz |first3=Farouk |last4=Zeneldin |first4=Mahmoud |last5=Zeid |first5=Salah |date=15 July 2013 |title=Use of radar data to unveil the paleolakes and the ancestral course of Wadi El-Arish, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X13001992 |journal=Geomorphology |volume=194 |pages=34–45 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.04.005 |issn=0169-555X |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wadi al-Arish wuri ne mai muhimmanci a Yaƙin Magdhaba na Yaƙin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Duniya na Ɗaya]] na 1916.
==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Akanyaru</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344425161|Akanyaru River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5151" sha1="si6xm6nzoym1n8nlk44dio6g36q1qzp" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Akanyaru''' shine babban magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] . Yana tashi a tsaunukan yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]], yana kwarara gabas sannan arewa ta kan iyakar waɗannan ƙasashe kafin ya shiga Kogin Nyabarongo. Ƙananan wuraren suna ɗauke da muhimman wurare masu dausayi amma marasa kariya, waɗanda ke fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan ɗan adam.

== Kwas ɗin ==
[[Mugere River (Rwanda)|Kogin Mugere]], babban kogin ruwa, yana tashi a tsayin {{Convert|2450|m}} a Burundi. Kogin yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kimanin {{Convert|2300|m}} tsayi a kudancin Rwanda. Yawancin kwarurukan manyan magudanar ruwa sun shaƙe da papyrus, wanda ke ɗauke da dazuzzukan fadama na yanayi. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Yankin saman kogin yana da yankin magudanar ruwa na kimanin {{Convert|2650|km2}} . {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Ƙasan kogin wani yanki ne na dausayi na dindindin mai nisan {{Convert|7|km}} faɗin da ya ƙare inda ya kai Kogin Nyabarongo. A cikin wannan {{Convert|80|km}} shimfida kogin ya faɗi daga tsayin {{Convert|1465|m}} zuwa {{Convert|1400|m}} . Tafkunan [[Cyohoha North|Cyohoha ta Arewa]] da [[Cyohoha South|Cyohoha ta Kudu]] suna ciyar da yankin dausayi daga dama. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Gefen Burundi na yankin dausayi yana da kimanin {{Convert|14600|ha}} na dausayi na dindindin a kan {{Convert|63|km}} faɗin kogin, tare da dausayin da ya kai {{Convert|6|to|10|km}} a kan kwarurukan magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}}

== Yanayi ==
Yankin saman kogin yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kimanin {{Convert|1200|mm}} . {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankunan dausayi yana da kusan {{Convert|800|mm}} . {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} Yanayin Ruwanda yana da alaƙa da Yankin Intertropical Convergence, wanda ke haifar da yanayi biyu na damina. Ɗaya yana ɗaukar lokaci daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Disamba, ɗayan kuma daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Sauyin yanayi na iya ƙara tsanantar ambaliyar ruwa da fari. {{Sfn|Climate report Rwanda}} A cikin rikicin El Nino na 1997-98, an lalata gonaki da yawa na noma a cikin zurfin ƙasa da dausayi na kwarin kogin Nyabarongo da Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Climate report Rwanda}}

== Flora ==
A gefen hanyoyin buɗewa, manyan tsire-tsire sune [[Kainuwa|Pistia stratiotes]] (kabeji na ruwa), Leersia hexandra (ciyawar cut na kudu) da [[Lallaki|Oryza barthii]], ciyawa a cikin nau'in shinkafa. Kusa da bakin teku akwai haɗin [[Typha australis]], [[Miscanthidium violaceum]], Cladium jamaicense tare da wasu [[papyrus]] . Cyperus denudatus, Cyperus latifolius da Echinochloa pyramidalis suma ana samun su a wasu sassa. Sauran sassan suna da tsayayyun papyrus. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} Dajin fadama kusa da kogin yana da rinjaye da Bridelia micrantha, Ficus verruculosa, [[Myrica kandtiana]] da Phoenix reclinata . Baya ga kogin, nau'ikan da aka fi sani da Acacia polyacantha da Albizia gummifera . {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}}

== Fauna ==
Yankin fadama yanki ne mai yawan bambancin halittu, musamman tsuntsaye. {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Akwai bayanai game da akalla nau'ikan tsuntsaye 54 tare da mazaunin wurare masu dausayi a yankin fadama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsuntsayen Malagasy da ke ƙaura, tsuntsayen pallid harrier da kuma manyan tsuntsayen snipe . An ga ƙananan tsuntsayen kestrel . Gonolek na papyrus da ke fuskantar barazanar yana nan kamar yadda yake da warbler rawaya mai rauni. Sitatunga, barewa, ana samunsa a cikin fadama. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}}

== Ayyukan ɗan adam ==
Ba a kare kwarin ba, kuma yawancin ƙasar da ambaliyar ruwa ke yi a lokacin kaka ana noma ta ne a wasu lokutan shekara. Mutanen yankin kuma suna kamun kifi a kogin da dausayi. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Ana ƙara amfani da dausayi a noma. A lokacin rani, mutanen yankin suna sarewa da ƙona ciyayi a cikin dausayi, suna lalata muhallinsu akai-akai. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} A watan Oktoba na 2005, Charles Karangwa, Daraktan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Butare, ya ce ya kamata mutane su ƙara amfani da dausayin Akanyaru don amfanin gona, musamman masara. {{Sfn|Kanamugire|2005}} A watan Fabrairu na 2011, Ministan Ƙasashe da Muhalli ya gaya wa mutanen Gundumar Gisagara da su yi amfani da dausayin Akanyaru da kyau, tare da ƙarin hanyoyin noma na zamani. A cewar Minista Kamanzi, Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa [[Shirin Kogin Nilu|na Tsarin Basin Nile]] bai hana amfani da shi ba. Ya ce, &quot;Babu wata yarjejeniya da ta hana al'ummarmu amfani da ruwan...ba shakka ta hanya mai kyau.&quot; {{Sfn|Bucyensenge|2011}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, ma'aikatun samar da ababen more rayuwa da albarkatun ƙasa suna tattaunawa kan yadda za a tantance adadi da ingancin peat ɗin Akanyaru. Kamfanoni biyu, ɗaya daga Indiya ɗayan kuma daga Turkiyya, za su karɓi aikin samar da peat. {{Sfn|Assessing the volume...}} Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai da samar da kayayyaki na Turkiyya Hakan zai gina wata masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 100MW. {{Sfn|Hakan Mining structures debt...}}</text>
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'''Kogin Akanyaru''' shine babban magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Nyabarongo]] . Yana tashi a tsaunukan yammacin [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] da [[Burundi]], yana kwarara gabas sannan arewa ta kan iyakar waɗannan ƙasashe kafin ya shiga Kogin Nyabarongo. Ƙananan wuraren suna ɗauke da muhimman wurare masu dausayi amma marasa kariya, waɗanda ke fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan ɗan adam.

== Kwas ɗin ==
[[Mugere River (Rwanda)|Kogin Mugere]], babban kogin ruwa, yana tashi a tsayin {{Convert|2450|m}} a Burundi. Kogin yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kimanin {{Convert|2300|m}} tsayi a kudancin Rwanda. Yawancin kwarurukan manyan magudanar ruwa sun shaƙe da papyrus, wanda ke ɗauke da dazuzzukan fadama na yanayi. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Yankin saman kogin yana da yankin magudanar ruwa na kimanin {{Convert|2650|km2}} . {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Ƙasan kogin wani yanki ne na dausayi na dindindin mai nisan {{Convert|7|km}} faɗin da ya ƙare inda ya kai Kogin Nyabarongo. A cikin wannan {{Convert|80|km}} shimfida kogin ya faɗi daga tsayin {{Convert|1465|m}} zuwa {{Convert|1400|m}} . Tafkunan [[Cyohoha North|Cyohoha ta Arewa]] da [[Cyohoha South|Cyohoha ta Kudu]] suna ciyar da yankin dausayi daga dama. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Gefen Burundi na yankin dausayi yana da kimanin {{Convert|14600|ha}} na dausayi na dindindin a kan {{Convert|63|km}} faɗin kogin, tare da dausayin da ya kai {{Convert|6|to|10|km}} a kan kwarurukan magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}}

== Yanayi ==
Yankin saman kogin yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na kimanin {{Convert|1200|mm}} . {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankunan dausayi yana da kusan {{Convert|800|mm}} . {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} Yanayin Ruwanda yana da alaƙa da Yankin Intertropical Convergence, wanda ke haifar da yanayi biyu na damina. Ɗaya yana ɗaukar lokaci daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Disamba, ɗayan kuma daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Sauyin yanayi na iya ƙara tsanantar ambaliyar ruwa da fari. {{Sfn|Climate report Rwanda}} A cikin rikicin El Nino na 1997-98, an lalata gonaki da yawa na noma a cikin zurfin ƙasa da dausayi na kwarin kogin Nyabarongo da Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Climate report Rwanda}}

== Flora ==
A gefen hanyoyin buɗewa, manyan tsire-tsire sune [[Kainuwa|Pistia stratiotes]] (kabeji na ruwa), Leersia hexandra (ciyawar cut na kudu) da [[Lallaki|Oryza barthii]], ciyawa a cikin nau'in shinkafa. Kusa da bakin teku akwai haɗin [[Typha australis]], [[Miscanthidium violaceum]], Cladium jamaicense tare da wasu [[papyrus]] . Cyperus denudatus, Cyperus latifolius da Echinochloa pyramidalis suma ana samun su a wasu sassa. Sauran sassan suna da tsayayyun papyrus. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} Dajin fadama kusa da kogin yana da rinjaye da Bridelia micrantha, Ficus verruculosa, [[Myrica kandtiana]] da Phoenix reclinata . Baya ga kogin, nau'ikan da aka fi sani da Acacia polyacantha da Albizia gummifera . {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}}

== Fauna ==
Yankin fadama yanki ne mai yawan bambancin halittu, musamman tsuntsaye. {{Sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA}} Akwai bayanai game da akalla nau'ikan tsuntsaye 54 tare da mazaunin wurare masu dausayi a yankin fadama. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsuntsayen Malagasy da ke ƙaura, tsuntsayen pallid harrier da kuma manyan tsuntsayen snipe . An ga ƙananan tsuntsayen kestrel . Gonolek na papyrus da ke fuskantar barazanar yana nan kamar yadda yake da warbler rawaya mai rauni. Sitatunga, barewa, ana samunsa a cikin fadama. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}}

== Ayyukan ɗan adam ==
Ba a kare kwarin ba, kuma yawancin ƙasar da ambaliyar ruwa ke yi a lokacin kaka ana noma ta ne a wasu lokutan shekara. Mutanen yankin kuma suna kamun kifi a kogin da dausayi. {{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|Bernacsek|1992}} Ana ƙara amfani da dausayi a noma. A lokacin rani, mutanen yankin suna sarewa da ƙona ciyayi a cikin dausayi, suna lalata muhallinsu akai-akai. {{Sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} A watan Oktoba na 2005, Charles Karangwa, Daraktan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Butare, ya ce ya kamata mutane su ƙara amfani da dausayin Akanyaru don amfanin gona, musamman masara. {{Sfn|Kanamugire|2005}} A watan Fabrairu na 2011, Ministan Ƙasashe da Muhalli ya gaya wa mutanen Gundumar Gisagara da su yi amfani da dausayin Akanyaru da kyau, tare da ƙarin hanyoyin noma na zamani. A cewar Minista Kamanzi, Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa [[Shirin Kogin Nilu|na Tsarin Basin Nile]] bai hana amfani da shi ba. Ya ce, &quot;Babu wata yarjejeniya da ta hana al'ummarmu amfani da ruwan...ba shakka ta hanya mai kyau.&quot; {{Sfn|Bucyensenge|2011}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2012, ma'aikatun samar da ababen more rayuwa da albarkatun ƙasa suna tattaunawa kan yadda za a tantance adadi da ingancin peat ɗin Akanyaru. Kamfanoni biyu, ɗaya daga Indiya ɗayan kuma daga Turkiyya, za su karɓi aikin samar da peat. {{Sfn|Assessing the volume...}} Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai da samar da kayayyaki na Turkiyya Hakan zai gina wata masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 100MW. {{Sfn|Hakan Mining structures debt...}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Buyongwe</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296114091|Buyongwe River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2125" sha1="c6lc2zl6ezr4ohwrakd233at59aa2rb" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Buyongwe''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta Kogin Akanyaru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Mafarin kogin Buyongwe yana kusa da na Kogin Nyamuswaga . {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Buyongwe yana samuwa a yammacin Lardin Kirundo kuma yana kwarara kudu maso yamma zuwa Lardin Ngozi . Yana kwarara yamma ta wuce Kiremba, sannan kudu maso yamma ta cikin fadama zuwa Kogin Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Way: Buyongwe (327160741)}} Kogin Gisuma magudanar ruwa ce ta hagu ta ƙananan hanyoyinsa. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Buyongwe wani yanki ne na gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Suna da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|°C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,163|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|191|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|2|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Yankin dausayin Buyongwe na yanzu ya mamaye bishiyoyin Syzygium, Phoenix da Macaranga tun daga shekaru 2700 da 1200 da suka gabata. Daga nan sai bishiyoyin suka fara ɓacewa, wataƙila saboda cin zarafin mutanen zamanin ƙarfe, kuma an sami ƙaruwar shuke-shuken ruwa wanda ke nuna cewa akwai ruwa mai yawa. Dausayin Papyrus ya fara bunƙasa shekaru 700 da suka gabata. {{Sfn|Chrétien|2007}}

A yau, dausayin Buyongwe suna kewaye da kwaruruka masu yawan jama'a, kuma ana amfani da su wajen noman shinkafa sau biyu a shekara. {{Sfn|Strategie de commercialisation des filieres riz}} Wani rahoto na 2020 ya lura cewa yawancin masana'antun shinkafa ko injinan buller da aka bai wa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na noma a Burundi suna aiki ne kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci, musamman ga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na dausayin Buyongwe da Nyamabuno . {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement}}</text>
      <sha1>c6lc2zl6ezr4ohwrakd233at59aa2rb</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844590</id>
      <parentid>844589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:07:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="2152" sha1="dvm620eff8i3gj0n420tfp9nqjs4xj6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Buyongwe''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta Kogin Akanyaru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Mafarin kogin Buyongwe yana kusa da na Kogin Nyamuswaga . {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Buyongwe yana samuwa a yammacin Lardin Kirundo kuma yana kwarara kudu maso yamma zuwa Lardin Ngozi . Yana kwarara yamma ta wuce Kiremba, sannan kudu maso yamma ta cikin fadama zuwa Kogin Akanyaru. {{Sfn|Way: Buyongwe (327160741)}} Kogin Gisuma magudanar ruwa ce ta hagu ta ƙananan hanyoyinsa. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Buyongwe wani yanki ne na gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Suna da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|°C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,163|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|191|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|2|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Yankin dausayin Buyongwe na yanzu ya mamaye bishiyoyin Syzygium, Phoenix da Macaranga tun daga shekaru 2700 da 1200 da suka gabata. Daga nan sai bishiyoyin suka fara ɓacewa, wataƙila saboda cin zarafin mutanen zamanin ƙarfe, kuma an sami ƙaruwar shuke-shuken ruwa wanda ke nuna cewa akwai ruwa mai yawa. Dausayin Papyrus ya fara bunƙasa shekaru 700 da suka gabata. {{Sfn|Chrétien|2007}}

A yau, dausayin Buyongwe suna kewaye da kwaruruka masu yawan jama'a, kuma ana amfani da su wajen noman shinkafa sau biyu a shekara. {{Sfn|Strategie de commercialisation des filieres riz}} Wani rahoto na 2020 ya lura cewa yawancin masana'antun shinkafa ko injinan buller da aka bai wa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na noma a Burundi suna aiki ne kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci, musamman ga ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na dausayin Buyongwe da Nyamabuno . {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement}}

==manazarta==</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Buzimba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153876</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844591</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:08:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1285112973|Buzimba River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844591</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1930" sha1="j256jyfpj6i3o4dubdpaw5uncp9ejds" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Buzimba''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin yana tashi a kudu maso yammacin Lardin Bururi, kuma a samansa yana samar da wani ɗan gajeren yanki na iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bururi da Lardin Rumonge. Yana kwarara kudu maso yamma ta wuce Gatete kuma ta hanyar gonar man dabino zuwa bakinsa a Tafkin Tanganyika. {{Sfn|Relation: Buzimba (17502785)}}

== Dorinar Ruwa ==
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2023, wani dorinar ruwa ya makale a cikin wani rami kusa da bakin Kogin Buzimba. Ofishin Kare Muhalli na Burundi ya ce za su ceto dabbar, amma a halin yanzu wasu daga cikin manoman sun ji barazanar dabbar mai haɗari, kuma tana cikin haɗarin kashe ta daga masu farauta. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2023}}

== Man dabino ==
Akwai na'urorin sarrafa [[Manja|man jaki]] da yawa a gefen kogin. Manoma na girbe gungu na 'ya'yan itacen jaki sannan su kai su wurin sarrafa su don fitar da man jaki. Na'urorin suna amfani da ruwan kogin don sarrafawa. Ana buƙatar na'urorin sarrafa su sanya sharar da aka samu daga sarrafawa a cikin ramuka, inda sharar za ta ruɓe. Duk da haka, yawancin na'urorin ba su da ikon sarrafa sharar ta wannan hanyar, kuma suna zubar da sharar a cikin kogin da daddare ko ta bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan yana gurɓata tafkin Tanganyika kuma yana rage kama kifaye. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2019}}

Gonar irin Buzimba da ke gefen kogin ta kasance {{Convert|45|ha}}, amma {{Convert|3|ha}} kogin ya share ta, wanda ya bar {{Convert|42|ha}} . A watan Yunin 2024, wani labari a ''Radio Publique Africaine'' ya ruwaito cewa wata ƙungiya tana hayar dabino daga lardin akan wani adadi na musamman, kuma tana ba wa manoma haya a ƙananan farashi. Rahoton ya zargi Daraktan Noma da Dabbobi na Yankin Rumonge da hannu a cikin zamba. {{Sfn|Rumonge : De la location des palmiers à huile}}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844592</id>
      <parentid>844591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:09:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844592</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1896" sha1="gebuizda3woo5h5kzwnmssbwqvnx7c2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Buzimba''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin yana tashi a kudu maso yammacin Lardin Bururi, kuma a samansa yana samar da wani ɗan gajeren yanki na iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bururi da Lardin Rumonge. Yana kwarara kudu maso yamma ta wuce Gatete kuma ta hanyar gonar man dabino zuwa bakinsa a Tafkin Tanganyika. {{Sfn|Relation: Buzimba (17502785)}}

== Dorinar Ruwa ==
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2023, wani dorinar ruwa ya makale a cikin wani rami kusa da bakin Kogin Buzimba. Ofishin Kare Muhalli na Burundi ya ce za su ceto dabbar, amma a halin yanzu wasu daga cikin manoman sun ji barazanar dabbar mai haɗari, kuma tana cikin haɗarin kashe ta daga masu farauta. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2023}}

== Man dabino ==
Akwai na'urorin sarrafa [[Manja|man jaki]] da yawa a gefen kogin. Manoma na girbe gungu na 'ya'yan itacen jaki sannan su kai su wurin sarrafa su don fitar da man jaki. Na'urorin suna amfani da ruwan kogin don sarrafawa. Ana buƙatar na'urorin sarrafa su sanya sharar da aka samu daga sarrafawa a cikin ramuka, inda sharar za ta ruɓe. Duk da haka, yawancin na'urorin ba su da ikon sarrafa sharar ta wannan hanyar, kuma suna zubar da sharar a cikin kogin da daddare ko ta bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan yana gurɓata tafkin Tanganyika kuma yana rage kama kifaye. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2019}}

Gonar irin Buzimba da ke gefen kogin ta kasance {{Convert|45|ha}}, amma {{Convert|3|ha}} kogin ya share ta, wanda ya bar {{Convert|42|ha}} . A watan Yunin 2024, wani labari a ''Radio Publique Africaine'' ya ruwaito cewa wata ƙungiya tana hayar dabino daga lardin akan wani adadi na musamman, kuma tana ba wa manoma haya a ƙananan farashi. Rahoton ya zargi Daraktan Noma da Dabbobi na Yankin Rumonge da hannu a cikin zamba. {{Sfn|Rumonge : De la location des palmiers à huile}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Cizanye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153877</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844593</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:10:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255440893|Cizanye River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844593</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1113" sha1="nry7ifwvc7i39xmvuuc0onyunbfi8o3" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Cizanye''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Cizanye yana kwarara arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Muyinga zuwa kan iyaka da Tanzania. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Kusa da kan iyaka, Kogin Rugobe ya haɗu daga dama. Daga nan sai ya juya gabas ya ayyana iyakar zuwa bakinsa a [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]], wanda ya bar Burundi a wannan lokacin. {{Sfn|Rugari DMA}}

== Dausayi ==
Ya zuwa shekarar 2014 akwai {{Convert|115|ha}} da aka gyara a cikin Cizanye kusa da Kobero, Commune of Butihinda, Lardin Muyinga, da kuma {{Convert|120|ha}} da ba a sarrafa ba a cikin gundumar Muyinga . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}

A watan Yulin 2018, Déo Guide Rurema, Ministan Noma na Burundi, ya ƙaddamar da lokacin noman &quot;C&quot; a cikin Kwamin Butihinda a cikin dausayin Cizanye mai fadin {{Convert|55|ha}} . Wannan an yi shi ne don gabatar da ra'ayin noman amfanin gona a cikin dausayin a lokacin rani, ana yin ban ruwa da ruwan kogi. {{Sfn|Burundi : L’Etat lance la saison culturale}}

== Duba kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844594</id>
      <parentid>844593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:11:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844594</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1125" sha1="emtujx3ouynkedi94i126u6bdylt0np" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Cizanye''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Cizanye yana kwarara arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Muyinga zuwa kan iyaka da Tanzania. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Kusa da kan iyaka, Kogin Rugobe ya haɗu daga dama. Daga nan sai ya juya gabas ya ayyana iyakar zuwa bakinsa a [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]], wanda ya bar Burundi a wannan lokacin. {{Sfn|Rugari DMA}}

== Dausayi ==
Ya zuwa shekarar 2014 akwai {{Convert|115|ha}} da aka gyara a cikin Cizanye kusa da Kobero, Commune of Butihinda, Lardin Muyinga, da kuma {{Convert|120|ha}} da ba a sarrafa ba a cikin gundumar Muyinga . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}

A watan Yulin 2018, Déo Guide Rurema, Ministan Noma na Burundi, ya ƙaddamar da lokacin noman &quot;C&quot; a cikin Kwamin Butihinda a cikin dausayin Cizanye mai fadin {{Convert|55|ha}} . Wannan an yi shi ne don gabatar da ra'ayin noman amfanin gona a cikin dausayin a lokacin rani, ana yin ban ruwa da ruwan kogi. {{Sfn|Burundi : L’Etat lance la saison culturale}}

== Duba kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>emtujx3ouynkedi94i126u6bdylt0np</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Letsibogo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153878</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844595</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:11:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308404141|Letsibogo Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844595</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2665" sha1="8iz8kighlo6tkbwhrtj3sokb5f1xolx" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Letsibogo''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Motloutse da ke [[Botswana]], wadda aka gina don samar da ruwa ga garin masana'antu na Selebi-Phikwe da yankunan da ke kewaye, tare da yuwuwar amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa. {{Sfn|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana samar da ruwa ga [[Gaborone]], babban birnin ƙasar, ta hanyar {{Convert|400|km}} bututun mai, da kuma manyan ƙauyuka a kan hanyar bututun mai. {{Sfn|ARUP}}

== Wuri da yanayi ==
Madatsar ruwan tana kusa da ƙauyen Mmadinare . {{Sfn|Selebi Phikwe}} Yanayin yana da zafi sosai kuma yana da ɗan bushewa kaɗan, tare da kashi 90% na ruwan sama a lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine kimanin {{Convert|450|mm}} a yankin magudanar ruwa da ke sama da madatsar ruwa. Yana da bambanci sosai, inda ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa da kashi 40% na matsakaicin da ake tsammani a cikin shekara ɗaya cikin bakwai. {{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} A watan Agusta na 2012 madatsar ruwan ta cika kashi ɗaya bisa uku kacal, wanda hakan ya haifar da fargabar cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za a sami ƙarancin ruwa a yankunan Palapye, Mahalapye da Gaborone. Wasu sun ɗora alhakin matsalar ga jinkirin gyara bututun mai da ke zubar da ruwa. {{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}}

== Tsarin da ayyuka ==
An tsara madatsar ruwan ne ga Ma'aikatar Ma'adanai, Makamashi da Albarkatun Ruwa ta Arup, wacce kuma ta kula da gina madatsar ruwa da kuma madatsar ruwa ta tsakiya mai tushen yumbu. Tana da karfin ajiya na {{Convert|100000000|m3}}    . {{Sfn|ARUP}} Kamfanin Kula da Ruwa ne ke gudanar da shi. {{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}} Madatsar ruwan wani ɓangare ne na Aikin Ruwa na Arewa-Kudu, wanda ya haɗa da wasu madatsun ruwa, tsarin watsa ruwa da ayyukan tace ruwa, yana kawo ruwa daga arewa maso gabashin Botswana zuwa kudu maso gabas. An haɗa shi da Gaborone da nisan {{Convert|400|km}} bututun mai. {{Sfn|Selebi Phikwe}} Tsarin farko na North South Carrier ya kashe kimanin dala miliyan 350, kuma ya fara aiki a shekara ta 2000. {{Sfn|Swanepoel|2008}}

== Amfani da ma'ajiyar ruwa ==
Duk da cewa an tsara shi ne musamman don adana ruwa, ana tallata madatsar ruwan ga masu yawon bude ido a matsayin wurin wasannin ruwa da kamun kifi. {{Sfn|Enjoy Sailing, Water Sports...}} A shekarar 2011, gwamnati ta sanar da shirin inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa a kewayen madatsar ruwan, wadanda suka hada da hanyoyi, najasa da ruwan sha, da kuma samar da bakin teku na farko a Botswana a arewacin madatsar ruwan Letsibogo. Gwamnatin yankin na shirin gina wani wurin ajiye dabbobi mai tauraro 5 da kuma wurin ajiye namun daji. {{Sfn|Mmadinare to use Letsibogo dam...}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844596</id>
      <parentid>844595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:12:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844596</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2677" sha1="0i89i5iqfo03b1yt7939oafjrrdfhhk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Letsibogo''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Motloutse da ke [[Botswana]], wadda aka gina don samar da ruwa ga garin masana'antu na Selebi-Phikwe da yankunan da ke kewaye, tare da yuwuwar amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa. {{Sfn|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana samar da ruwa ga [[Gaborone]], babban birnin ƙasar, ta hanyar {{Convert|400|km}} bututun mai, da kuma manyan ƙauyuka a kan hanyar bututun mai. {{Sfn|ARUP}}

== Wuri da yanayi ==
Madatsar ruwan tana kusa da ƙauyen Mmadinare . {{Sfn|Selebi Phikwe}} Yanayin yana da zafi sosai kuma yana da ɗan bushewa kaɗan, tare da kashi 90% na ruwan sama a lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine kimanin {{Convert|450|mm}} a yankin magudanar ruwa da ke sama da madatsar ruwa. Yana da bambanci sosai, inda ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa da kashi 40% na matsakaicin da ake tsammani a cikin shekara ɗaya cikin bakwai. {{Sfn|Bevanger|1994}} A watan Agusta na 2012 madatsar ruwan ta cika kashi ɗaya bisa uku kacal, wanda hakan ya haifar da fargabar cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za a sami ƙarancin ruwa a yankunan Palapye, Mahalapye da Gaborone. Wasu sun ɗora alhakin matsalar ga jinkirin gyara bututun mai da ke zubar da ruwa. {{Sfn|Modikwa|2012}}

== Tsarin da ayyuka ==
An tsara madatsar ruwan ne ga Ma'aikatar Ma'adanai, Makamashi da Albarkatun Ruwa ta Arup, wacce kuma ta kula da gina madatsar ruwa da kuma madatsar ruwa ta tsakiya mai tushen yumbu. Tana da karfin ajiya na {{Convert|100000000|m3}}    . {{Sfn|ARUP}} Kamfanin Kula da Ruwa ne ke gudanar da shi. {{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}} Madatsar ruwan wani ɓangare ne na Aikin Ruwa na Arewa-Kudu, wanda ya haɗa da wasu madatsun ruwa, tsarin watsa ruwa da ayyukan tace ruwa, yana kawo ruwa daga arewa maso gabashin Botswana zuwa kudu maso gabas. An haɗa shi da Gaborone da nisan {{Convert|400|km}} bututun mai. {{Sfn|Selebi Phikwe}} Tsarin farko na North South Carrier ya kashe kimanin dala miliyan 350, kuma ya fara aiki a shekara ta 2000. {{Sfn|Swanepoel|2008}}

== Amfani da ma'ajiyar ruwa ==
Duk da cewa an tsara shi ne musamman don adana ruwa, ana tallata madatsar ruwan ga masu yawon bude ido a matsayin wurin wasannin ruwa da kamun kifi. {{Sfn|Enjoy Sailing, Water Sports...}} A shekarar 2011, gwamnati ta sanar da shirin inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa a kewayen madatsar ruwan, wadanda suka hada da hanyoyi, najasa da ruwan sha, da kuma samar da bakin teku na farko a Botswana a arewacin madatsar ruwan Letsibogo. Gwamnatin yankin na shirin gina wani wurin ajiye dabbobi mai tauraro 5 da kuma wurin ajiye namun daji. {{Sfn|Mmadinare to use Letsibogo dam...}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jerin koguna na São Tomé da Príncipe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153879</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844597</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:13:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1075866421|List of rivers of São Tomé and Príncipe]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="426" sha1="fr6w085k59vfpywxp4xz7m0teildjeg" xml:space="preserve">Wannan '''jerin koguna ne a [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé da Príncipe]]''' . An tsara wannan jerin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tare da magudanar ruwa da aka yi musu lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowace babbar rafi.

== São Tomé ==
An jera shi a gefen agogo, yana farawa daga ƙarshen arewa na tsibirin.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Príncipe ==

* Rio Papagaio
* Rio Bibi
* Rio Banzú

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Wannan '''jerin koguna ne a [[Sao Tome da Prinsipe|São Tomé da Príncipe]]''' . An tsara wannan jerin ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, tare da magudanar ruwa da aka yi musu lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin sunan kowace babbar rafi.

== São Tomé ==
An jera shi a gefen agogo, yana farawa daga ƙarshen arewa na tsibirin.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Príncipe ==

* Rio Papagaio
* Rio Bibi
* Rio Banzú

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aboabo River (Kumasi)</title>
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'''Kogin Aboabo''' kogi ne na birni a [[Kumasi]], babban birnin [[yankin Ashanti]] na [[Ghana]] . Yana cikin hanyar magudanar ruwa ta yankin Babban Birni na Kumasi kuma yana ratsa sassan birnin da ke da cunkoso. Kogin yana tashi a kusa da [[Tafo, Ghana|Tafo-Pankrono]] a arewacin Kumasi kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu don haɗuwa da [[Sisan River|Kogin Sisan]] a Asokwa . 

Kogin yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin ruwa na birane na Kumasi saboda rawar da yake takawa a magudanar ruwan sama da kuma wurin da yake a cikin wani magudanar ruwa mai cike da cunkoso. Nazarce-nazarce na ilimi da na haɗarin bala'i sun binciki kogin dangane da gurɓatar ruwa, matsin lamba na amfani da ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara-shekara a birnin Kumasi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwas da kwano ==
Kogin Aboabo ya samo asali ne daga yankin Tafo-Pankrono a arewacin Kumasi kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu ta cikin birnin. Wani bayanin haɗarin bala'i da aka shirya wa UNDP Ghana ya bayyana kogin a matsayin wanda ya haɗu da Kogin Sisan a Asokwa.  Rahoton ya gano cewa kogunan Owusu Ansa da Dichemso a matsayin manyan magudanar ruwa na Kogin Aboabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP2014&quot; /&gt;

Kogin yana da tsawon da aka ruwaito na kimanin kilomita 6.05. Bayanin haɗarin da UNDP Ghana ta bayar ya nuna cewa hanyar tana da faɗin mita 2.5 daga sama da kuma faɗin mita 30.5 daga ƙasa, tare da matsakaicin gudun kwarara na mita 0.87 a/s.  Matsugunan da aka gano a cikin kwarin kogin sun haɗa da Pankrono, Moshie Zongo, Buokrom, New Tafo, Dichemso, Aboabo, Anloga, Amakom, Manhyia, Asokwa da Atonsu . &lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP2014&quot; /&gt;

Tafkin Aboabo yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa na Kumasi. Wani rahoto game da haɗarin bala'i game da Kumasi ya gano manyan magudanan ruwa guda huɗu a cikin birnin: tafkunan Subin, Aboabo, Sisan da Wiwi . Waɗannan tafkunan suna malalar sassan arewa da tsakiya na Kumasi kuma suna fuskantar matsaloli sakamakon saurin haɓaka kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma ƙarancin magudanan ruwa na birnin. 

== Tsarin birane da amfani da ƙasa ==
Kogin Aboabo yana ratsawa ta cikin wani magudanar ruwa mai cike da birane. An yi nazarin ayyukan amfani da ƙasa a kewayen kogin tare da waɗanda ke kewaye da Kogin Subin saboda dukkan magudanar ruwa suna ratsawa ta cikin sassan Kumasi da aka gina. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abubakari |first=Ahmed |date=13 July 2012 |title=Impact of land use activities on Subin and Aboabo Rivers in Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.academia.edu/10123854/Impact_of_land_use_activities_on_Subin_and_Aboabo_Rivers_in_Kumasi_Metropolis |journal=Academia |doi=10.5897/IJWREE12.036}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littattafan amfani da ƙasa sun gano matsin lamba a kan yankunan da ke da magudanar ruwa a cikin kogin a matsayin babbar matsala ga magudanar ruwa a birane a Kumasi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biranen da ke cikin magudanar ruwa suna shafar kwararar ruwa, ƙarfin magudanar ruwa da kuma yadda kogin ke fuskantar gurɓataccen iska. Bayanin haɗarin da UNDP Ghana ta fitar ya lura cewa shiga cikin magudanar ruwa na Kumasi yana rage shigowa da ruwa da kuma ƙara kwararar ruwa, yayin da toshewar hanyoyin ruwa, gini, shara, laka da ciyayi ke taimakawa wajen haifar da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a birnin.  Waɗannan matsin lamba sun sanya Kogin Aboabo ya zama magudanar ruwa ta halitta kuma wani ɓangare na tsarin ruwan sama na birane na Kumasi.

== Gurɓatawa ==
Kogin Aboabo ya kasance abin bincike kan gurɓatar ruwan cikin ƙasa a Kumasi. Wani bincike da Danquah, Abass da Nikoi suka gudanar ya tantance ingancin ruwan kogin kuma ya binciki abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓata muhalli. Binciken ya yi amfani da kimantawar sinadaran ruwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na samfuran ruwa, tare da lura, tambayoyi, tattaunawa ta yau da kullun da kuma binciken gidaje 396 a cikin kwarin kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Binciken ya gano cewa ruwan da ke fitowa daga Kogin Aboabo ya gurɓata kuma bai dace da amfani da shi a cikin gida ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manyan hanyoyin gurɓata muhalli da aka gano kai tsaye sune zubar da shara ba tare da wani shara ba, kwararar najasa cikin kogin, yin bayan gida a fili a gefen kogin da kuma zubar da sharar masana'antu cikin kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot; /&gt; Binciken ya kuma gano karuwar jama'a da ƙalubalen cibiyoyi a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar gurɓata muhalli. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot; /&gt;

Gurɓatar da Kogin Aboabo ya nuna matsalolin tsafta da amfani da filaye a yankunan magudanar ruwa masu yawa a birane. Binciken Danquah, Abass da Nikoi ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da dokoki, samar da isassun wuraren tsafta da kuma ƙarfafa shigar shugabannin ra'ayi wajen haɓaka ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli a tsakanin mazauna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Kogin Aboabo yana da alaƙa da ambaliya da ke faruwa a Kumasi. Littafin Oppong na shekara ta 2011 kan illolin muhalli a garuruwan Ghana ya yi nazari kan ambaliyar ruwa a duk shekara a rafin Aboabo a yankin Kumasi Metropolitan Area. Binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan al’ummomi da suka hada da Anloga, Dichemso, Aboabo da Amakom, kuma ya gano cewa ambaliyar ruwa a cikin kwal din ta shafi rayuka da dukiyoyi. 

Oppong ya gano abubuwan da suka shafi halitta da kuma na ɗan adam da ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin kwarin. Takardar ta danganta ambaliyar ruwa da ƙaruwar matsakaicin zafin jiki, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ruwan sama na yanayi a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, yayin da kuma ta gano rashin amfani da ƙasa, ci gaban matsuguni ba tare da shiri ba da kuma zubar da shara ba tare da wani tsari ba a cikin da kuma gefen kogin a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutane.  Binciken ya ruwaito tasirin tattalin arziki na zamantakewa, gami da asarar rayuka da dukiya, matsalolin kuɗi da matsalolin lafiya a tsakanin mazauna kwarin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Oppong2011&quot; /&gt;

An kuma ruwaito ambaliyar ruwa a yankin Aboabo a kafafen yada labarai na Ghana. A watan Yulin 2015, jaridar ''Daily Graphic'' ta ruwaito cewa Shugaba John Dramani Mahama ya sanar da shirin lalata kogin Aboabo bayan ruwan sama mai karfi a Kumasi. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kogin ya fashe a gefensa a unguwar Aboabo, inda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye gidaje.  Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa za a maye gurbin wata tsohuwar gada a kan kogin domin ba da damar kwararar ruwa cikin sauki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic2015&quot; /&gt;

== Gudanarwa da ragewa ==
Nazarce-nazarce da rahotanni kan Kogin Aboabo sun gabatar da shawarwari da dama don rage gurɓatawa da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa. Shawarwarin da suka mayar da hankali kan gurɓatawa sun haɗa da aiwatar da dokokin muhalli, inganta wuraren tsafta, ilimin jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa jagoranci na gida a fannin kula da muhalli. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Shawarwarin da suka mayar da hankali kan ambaliya sun haɗa da zubar da shara yadda ya kamata, aiwatar da ƙa'idojin tsare-tsare, kare wuraren ajiyar koguna, sake tsugunar da su daga wurare masu haɗari, lalata da gina ko inganta hanyoyin magudanar ruwa. 

Sanarwar share fage na shekarar 2015 ta biyo bayan ambaliyar ruwa a Kumasi kuma an gabatar da ita a matsayin wani mataki na ɗan gajeren lokaci don inganta ƙarfin hanyoyin ruwa da kuma rage haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.  Kula da yankin kogin na dogon lokaci ya dogara ne akan kula da hanyoyin magudanar ruwa, hana zubar da shara a cikin kogin, kula da gine-gine a kan hanyar da kuma inganta tsarin tsafta da tsarin sharar gida a cikin matsugunan da ke cikin magudanar ruwa.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Aboabo''' kogi ne na birni a [[Kumasi]], babban birnin [[yankin Ashanti]] na [[Ghana]] . Yana cikin hanyar magudanar ruwa ta yankin Babban Birni na Kumasi kuma yana ratsa sassan birnin da ke da cunkoso. Kogin yana tashi a kusa da [[Tafo, Ghana|Tafo-Pankrono]] a arewacin Kumasi kuma yana gudana zuwa kudu don haɗuwa da [[Sisan River|Kogin Sisan]] a Asokwa . 

Kogin yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin ruwa na birane na Kumasi saboda rawar da yake takawa a magudanar ruwan sama da kuma wurin da yake a cikin wani magudanar ruwa mai cike da cunkoso. Nazarce-nazarce na ilimi da na haɗarin bala'i sun binciki kogin dangane da gurɓatar ruwa, matsin lamba na amfani da ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara-shekara a birnin Kumasi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwas da kwano ==
Kogin Aboabo ya samo asali ne daga yankin Tafo-Pankrono a arewacin Kumasi kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu ta cikin birnin. Wani bayanin haɗarin bala'i da aka shirya wa UNDP Ghana ya bayyana kogin a matsayin wanda ya haɗu da Kogin Sisan a Asokwa.  Rahoton ya gano cewa kogunan Owusu Ansa da Dichemso a matsayin manyan magudanar ruwa na Kogin Aboabo. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP2014&quot; /&gt;

Kogin yana da tsawon da aka ruwaito na kimanin kilomita 6.05. Bayanin haɗarin da UNDP Ghana ta bayar ya nuna cewa hanyar tana da faɗin mita 2.5 daga sama da kuma faɗin mita 30.5 daga ƙasa, tare da matsakaicin gudun kwarara na mita 0.87 a/s.  Matsugunan da aka gano a cikin kwarin kogin sun haɗa da Pankrono, Moshie Zongo, Buokrom, New Tafo, Dichemso, Aboabo, Anloga, Amakom, Manhyia, Asokwa da Atonsu . &lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP2014&quot; /&gt;

Tafkin Aboabo yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa na Kumasi. Wani rahoto game da haɗarin bala'i game da Kumasi ya gano manyan magudanan ruwa guda huɗu a cikin birnin: tafkunan Subin, Aboabo, Sisan da Wiwi . Waɗannan tafkunan suna malalar sassan arewa da tsakiya na Kumasi kuma suna fuskantar matsaloli sakamakon saurin haɓaka kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma ƙarancin magudanan ruwa na birnin. 

== Tsarin birane da amfani da ƙasa ==
Kogin Aboabo yana ratsawa ta cikin wani magudanar ruwa mai cike da birane. An yi nazarin ayyukan amfani da ƙasa a kewayen kogin tare da waɗanda ke kewaye da Kogin Subin saboda dukkan magudanar ruwa suna ratsawa ta cikin sassan Kumasi da aka gina. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abubakari |first=Ahmed |date=13 July 2012 |title=Impact of land use activities on Subin and Aboabo Rivers in Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.academia.edu/10123854/Impact_of_land_use_activities_on_Subin_and_Aboabo_Rivers_in_Kumasi_Metropolis |journal=Academia |doi=10.5897/IJWREE12.036}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littattafan amfani da ƙasa sun gano matsin lamba a kan yankunan da ke da magudanar ruwa a cikin kogin a matsayin babbar matsala ga magudanar ruwa a birane a Kumasi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Biranen da ke cikin magudanar ruwa suna shafar kwararar ruwa, ƙarfin magudanar ruwa da kuma yadda kogin ke fuskantar gurɓataccen iska. Bayanin haɗarin da UNDP Ghana ta fitar ya lura cewa shiga cikin magudanar ruwa na Kumasi yana rage shigowa da ruwa da kuma ƙara kwararar ruwa, yayin da toshewar hanyoyin ruwa, gini, shara, laka da ciyayi ke taimakawa wajen haifar da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a birnin.  Waɗannan matsin lamba sun sanya Kogin Aboabo ya zama magudanar ruwa ta halitta kuma wani ɓangare na tsarin ruwan sama na birane na Kumasi.

== Gurɓatawa ==
Kogin Aboabo ya kasance abin bincike kan gurɓatar ruwan cikin ƙasa a Kumasi. Wani bincike da Danquah, Abass da Nikoi suka gudanar ya tantance ingancin ruwan kogin kuma ya binciki abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓata muhalli. Binciken ya yi amfani da kimantawar sinadaran ruwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na samfuran ruwa, tare da lura, tambayoyi, tattaunawa ta yau da kullun da kuma binciken gidaje 396 a cikin kwarin kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Binciken ya gano cewa ruwan da ke fitowa daga Kogin Aboabo ya gurɓata kuma bai dace da amfani da shi a cikin gida ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Manyan hanyoyin gurɓata muhalli da aka gano kai tsaye sune zubar da shara ba tare da wani shara ba, kwararar najasa cikin kogin, yin bayan gida a fili a gefen kogin da kuma zubar da sharar masana'antu cikin kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot; /&gt; Binciken ya kuma gano karuwar jama'a da ƙalubalen cibiyoyi a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar gurɓata muhalli. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot; /&gt;

Gurɓatar da Kogin Aboabo ya nuna matsalolin tsafta da amfani da filaye a yankunan magudanar ruwa masu yawa a birane. Binciken Danquah, Abass da Nikoi ya ba da shawarar aiwatar da dokoki, samar da isassun wuraren tsafta da kuma ƙarfafa shigar shugabannin ra'ayi wajen haɓaka ayyukan da suka shafi muhalli a tsakanin mazauna. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Kogin Aboabo yana da alaƙa da ambaliya da ke faruwa a Kumasi. Littafin Oppong na shekara ta 2011 kan illolin muhalli a garuruwan Ghana ya yi nazari kan ambaliyar ruwa a duk shekara a rafin Aboabo a yankin Kumasi Metropolitan Area. Binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan al’ummomi da suka hada da Anloga, Dichemso, Aboabo da Amakom, kuma ya gano cewa ambaliyar ruwa a cikin kwal din ta shafi rayuka da dukiyoyi. 

Oppong ya gano abubuwan da suka shafi halitta da kuma na ɗan adam da ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin kwarin. Takardar ta danganta ambaliyar ruwa da ƙaruwar matsakaicin zafin jiki, ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da ruwan sama na yanayi a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, yayin da kuma ta gano rashin amfani da ƙasa, ci gaban matsuguni ba tare da shiri ba da kuma zubar da shara ba tare da wani tsari ba a cikin da kuma gefen kogin a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutane.  Binciken ya ruwaito tasirin tattalin arziki na zamantakewa, gami da asarar rayuka da dukiya, matsalolin kuɗi da matsalolin lafiya a tsakanin mazauna kwarin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Oppong2011&quot; /&gt;

An kuma ruwaito ambaliyar ruwa a yankin Aboabo a kafafen yada labarai na Ghana. A watan Yulin 2015, jaridar ''Daily Graphic'' ta ruwaito cewa Shugaba John Dramani Mahama ya sanar da shirin lalata kogin Aboabo bayan ruwan sama mai karfi a Kumasi. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kogin ya fashe a gefensa a unguwar Aboabo, inda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye gidaje.  Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa za a maye gurbin wata tsohuwar gada a kan kogin domin ba da damar kwararar ruwa cikin sauki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic2015&quot; /&gt;

== Gudanarwa da ragewa ==
Nazarce-nazarce da rahotanni kan Kogin Aboabo sun gabatar da shawarwari da dama don rage gurɓatawa da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa. Shawarwarin da suka mayar da hankali kan gurɓatawa sun haɗa da aiwatar da dokokin muhalli, inganta wuraren tsafta, ilimin jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa jagoranci na gida a fannin kula da muhalli. &lt;ref name=&quot;Danquah2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danquah |first=Leslie |last2=Abass |first2=Kabila |last3=Nikoi |first3=Aristotle Afutu |year=2011 |title=Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 |journal=Journal of Sustainable Development |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103 |access-date=31 May 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanquahAbassNikoi2011&quot;&gt;Danquah, Leslie; Abass, Kabila; Nikoi, Aristotle Afutu (2011). [https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/12270 &quot;Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana&quot;]. ''Journal of Sustainable Development''. '''4''' (6): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;103–&lt;/span&gt;115. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103|10.5539/jsd.v4n6p103]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 May&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Shawarwarin da suka mayar da hankali kan ambaliya sun haɗa da zubar da shara yadda ya kamata, aiwatar da ƙa'idojin tsare-tsare, kare wuraren ajiyar koguna, sake tsugunar da su daga wurare masu haɗari, lalata da gina ko inganta hanyoyin magudanar ruwa. 

Sanarwar share fage na shekarar 2015 ta biyo bayan ambaliyar ruwa a Kumasi kuma an gabatar da ita a matsayin wani mataki na ɗan gajeren lokaci don inganta ƙarfin hanyoyin ruwa da kuma rage haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.  Kula da yankin kogin na dogon lokaci ya dogara ne akan kula da hanyoyin magudanar ruwa, hana zubar da shara a cikin kogin, kula da gine-gine a kan hanyar da kuma inganta tsarin tsafta da tsarin sharar gida a cikin matsugunan da ke cikin magudanar ruwa.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Massingir</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844601</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:18:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334525276|Massingir Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2393" sha1="c0wlhuyx79yhoz4pn2hsr104dnnftbl" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwa ta Massingir''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan Rio dos Elefantes (Olifants ko Lepelle), Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . An sanya mata suna ne bayan garin [[Massingir]], a gundumar Massingir . Kogin Shingwedzi yana gudana kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin madatsar ruwa kuma yana haɗuwa da Rio dos Elefantes kimanin {{Convert|12|km}} daga ƙasa daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1975, kafin kammala madatsar ruwan, Mozambique ta sami 'yancin kai kuma ginin ya tsaya cak. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka gwamnatin [[FRELIMO]] ta sake fara aikin, amma a farkon shekarun 1980s koma bayan tattalin arziki da yanayin lokacin yaƙi sun dakatar da ci gaba.  Rashin kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa na madatsar ruwan ko saka hannun jari a kammala aikin ya sa madatsar ruwan ta Massingir ta kasa cika manufarta ta asali da kuma cikakken damarta a cikin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa na kwarin Limpopo da ke ƙasa da Chokwe.

A lokacin sake ginawa bayan rikici wanda ya biyo bayan kammala yakin basasa a shekarar 1994, an gudanar da wani shirin gyaran fuska wanda ya ci dala miliyan 61, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2007. Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana da wurin ajiyar ruwa mai karfin {{Convert|2.8|e9m3|acre.ft}} na ruwa, wanda hakan ya sanya shi ya zama na biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. Sauran ayyukan da ake gudanarwa yanzu sun haɗa da gina sabuwar hanyar zubar da ruwa da kuma shigar da {{Convert|25|MW}} tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa.

Madatsar ruwa ta Massingir tana cikin Limpopo National Park, wanda ke zama wani ɓangare na Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park . Yankin muhimmin wuri ne na kiwo ga [[Yankin Nilu|Kaza na Kogin Nile]] kuma akwai damuwa a wurin shakatawa na Kruger National Park game da ambaliyar ruwan kwarin Kogin Olifants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Massingir Dam &amp; Flooding of Olifants Gorge |url=http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727020147/http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |archive-date=2017-07-27 |access-date=2012-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|[[Fayil:ISS029-E-21024massingir.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Hoton NASA na madatsar ruwa ta Massingir yana nuna hadewar Kogin Shingwedzi da Rio dos Elefantes]]
|[[Fayil:Massingir_dam_wall,_Dec_2014.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Katangar madatsar ruwa ta Massingir, Mozambique, yayin ɗaga katangar, Disamba 2014]]
|}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844602</id>
      <parentid>844601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:19:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <text bytes="2405" sha1="0hj65jii5gr6w9xpo7f62dd3l4yu7wt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwa ta Massingir''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan Rio dos Elefantes (Olifants ko Lepelle), Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] . An sanya mata suna ne bayan garin [[Massingir]], a gundumar Massingir . Kogin Shingwedzi yana gudana kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin madatsar ruwa kuma yana haɗuwa da Rio dos Elefantes kimanin {{Convert|12|km}} daga ƙasa daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1975, kafin kammala madatsar ruwan, Mozambique ta sami 'yancin kai kuma ginin ya tsaya cak. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka gwamnatin [[FRELIMO]] ta sake fara aikin, amma a farkon shekarun 1980s koma bayan tattalin arziki da yanayin lokacin yaƙi sun dakatar da ci gaba.  Rashin kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa na madatsar ruwan ko saka hannun jari a kammala aikin ya sa madatsar ruwan ta Massingir ta kasa cika manufarta ta asali da kuma cikakken damarta a cikin shirye-shiryen ban ruwa na kwarin Limpopo da ke ƙasa da Chokwe.

A lokacin sake ginawa bayan rikici wanda ya biyo bayan kammala yakin basasa a shekarar 1994, an gudanar da wani shirin gyaran fuska wanda ya ci dala miliyan 61, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2007. Madatsar ruwan yanzu tana da wurin ajiyar ruwa mai karfin {{Convert|2.8|e9m3|acre.ft}} na ruwa, wanda hakan ya sanya shi ya zama na biyu mafi girma a ƙasar. Sauran ayyukan da ake gudanarwa yanzu sun haɗa da gina sabuwar hanyar zubar da ruwa da kuma shigar da {{Convert|25|MW}} tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa.

Madatsar ruwa ta Massingir tana cikin Limpopo National Park, wanda ke zama wani ɓangare na Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park . Yankin muhimmin wuri ne na kiwo ga [[Yankin Nilu|Kaza na Kogin Nile]] kuma akwai damuwa a wurin shakatawa na Kruger National Park game da ambaliyar ruwan kwarin Kogin Olifants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Massingir Dam &amp; Flooding of Olifants Gorge |url=http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727020147/http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |archive-date=2017-07-27 |access-date=2012-04-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|[[Fayil:ISS029-E-21024massingir.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Hoton NASA na madatsar ruwa ta Massingir yana nuna hadewar Kogin Shingwedzi da Rio dos Elefantes]]
|[[Fayil:Massingir_dam_wall,_Dec_2014.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Katangar madatsar ruwa ta Massingir, Mozambique, yayin ɗaga katangar, Disamba 2014]]
|}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>0hj65jii5gr6w9xpo7f62dd3l4yu7wt</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Bero</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844603</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:21:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1260620444|Bero River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844603</origin>
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      <text bytes="1470" sha1="2es7ma6dcteukdwrdvecnbd7u89t8tv" xml:space="preserve">Kogin '''Bero''' kogi ne a kudancin [[Angola]] . Bakinsa yana bakin Little Fish Bay a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a gefen arewa na birnin Moçâmedes a Lardin Namibe . &lt;ref name=&quot;mapcartaBR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bero |url=http://mapcarta.com/19048986 |access-date=10 October 2016 |website=Mapcarta}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1849, Turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal daga [[Brazil]] suka fara noma a gefen kogin.  A lokacin rikici da Ovimbundu a shekarar 1862, Turawan Portugal sun sanya sojoji a gefen kogin Bero biyu.   A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, gonakin da ke kewaye da Kogin Bero sun tallafa wa gonakin 'ya'yan itace, auduga, sukari da kofi, tare da samar da ruwa mai kyau ga jiragen ruwa masu wucewa ta tururi duk da cewa an lura cewa zai iya zama ƙafa ɗaya kawai na ruwa a kogin a lokacin rani .   An yi aikin lalata kogin da ƙarfafa bakinsa kusa da bakin kogin a shekarun 2000 don shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Opway.pt - Rio Bero - Desassoreamento e Regularização do Leito do Rio Bero - 3ª Fase - Namibe. |url=http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=484&amp;Itemid=108 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031629/http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=484&amp;Itemid=108 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |access-date=2014-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An sanya wa shukar suna, [[Euphorbia berotica]], saboda an gano ta a yankin. 

== Duba kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844604</id>
      <parentid>844603</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:21:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844604</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1482" sha1="pkkf1nqqtwsej1txng7cv4o0lppl5ru" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Kogin '''Bero''' kogi ne a kudancin [[Angola]] . Bakinsa yana bakin Little Fish Bay a [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a gefen arewa na birnin Moçâmedes a Lardin Namibe . &lt;ref name=&quot;mapcartaBR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bero |url=http://mapcarta.com/19048986 |access-date=10 October 2016 |website=Mapcarta}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A shekarar 1849, Turawan mulkin mallaka na Portugal daga [[Brazil]] suka fara noma a gefen kogin.  A lokacin rikici da Ovimbundu a shekarar 1862, Turawan Portugal sun sanya sojoji a gefen kogin Bero biyu.   A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, gonakin da ke kewaye da Kogin Bero sun tallafa wa gonakin 'ya'yan itace, auduga, sukari da kofi, tare da samar da ruwa mai kyau ga jiragen ruwa masu wucewa ta tururi duk da cewa an lura cewa zai iya zama ƙafa ɗaya kawai na ruwa a kogin a lokacin rani .   An yi aikin lalata kogin da ƙarfafa bakinsa kusa da bakin kogin a shekarun 2000 don shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Opway.pt - Rio Bero - Desassoreamento e Regularização do Leito do Rio Bero - 3ª Fase - Namibe. |url=http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=484&amp;Itemid=108 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031629/http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=484&amp;Itemid=108 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |access-date=2014-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An sanya wa shukar suna, [[Euphorbia berotica]], saboda an gano ta a yankin. 

== Duba kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Lotsane</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:23:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1271445178|Lotsane Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844605</origin>
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      <text bytes="2136" sha1="h6wl2gfoa1fqjglj9qmdmtjjd3xht0c" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Lotsane''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Lotsane a [[Botswana]] wadda aka kammala a shekarar 2012. Manufarta ita ce samar da ruwan sha ga mazauna yankin da kuma tallafawa wani aikin noman lambu.

== Bayani ==
Manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da ingantaccen tushen ruwan sha ga ƙauyuka 22 a yankin Tswapong, da kuma samar da ruwan ban ruwa don aikin noman gona {{Convert|250|ha}} kusa da Maunatlala . {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}}

Madatsar ruwa wani yanki ne mai cike da ƙasa mai {{Convert|30|m}} tsayi da {{Convert|1.5|km}} tsayi, tare da kofa mara shinge {{Convert|180|m}} dogon hanyar zubar ruwa ta Ogee Crest. Madatsar ruwan tana da {{Convert|40000000|m3}}    ƙarfin ajiya mai aiki. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam – SMEC}} Kamfanin Sinohydro ne ya gina madatsar ruwan akan kuɗin kimanin dala miliyan 100.7 na Amurka. {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}} 'Yan ƙasar Botswana 835 da 'yan China 138 ne suka ɗauki aikin gini. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam to supply...}} Tsarin bututun mai don isar da ruwan zai kai {{Convert|174|km}} tsayi idan an kammala. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam to supply...}}

== Gine-gine ==
An bai wa SMEC Holdings na Ostiraliya kwangilar aikin injiniya don sake duba zane, saye da kuma ba da shawara yayin gina madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}} An bai wa Sinohydro na China kwangilar a watan Janairun 2009, tare da shirin kammalawa a watan Oktoban 2011. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam completion December}} A watan Mayun 2010, Ministan Ma'adanai, Makamashi da Albarkatun Ruwa ya yi gargadin cewa bututun ruwa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Lotsane zuwa ƙauyuka za su ratsa wasu gonakin noma mallakar mazauna Maunatlala da [[Mokokwane]], amma ya ce za a biya mutanen ƙauyen diyya. {{Sfn|Saving Water SA|2010}} A watan Agustan 2011, an tsawaita wa'adin kammalawa zuwa Disamba 2011. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam completion December}} Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2012, madatsar ruwan ta kammala kuma ta fara riƙe ruwa, amma har yanzu ba ta da isasshen abin da za ta fara samar da kayayyaki ga ƙauyukan tun da ba a sami ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin magudanar ruwa ba tukuna. {{Sfn|Kuteeue|2012}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844606</id>
      <parentid>844605</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:23:30Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2148" sha1="sxtpdbs5if5uytrqwxd7dbgsfdgvsgf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Lotsane''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Lotsane a [[Botswana]] wadda aka kammala a shekarar 2012. Manufarta ita ce samar da ruwan sha ga mazauna yankin da kuma tallafawa wani aikin noman lambu.

== Bayani ==
Manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da ingantaccen tushen ruwan sha ga ƙauyuka 22 a yankin Tswapong, da kuma samar da ruwan ban ruwa don aikin noman gona {{Convert|250|ha}} kusa da Maunatlala . {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}}

Madatsar ruwa wani yanki ne mai cike da ƙasa mai {{Convert|30|m}} tsayi da {{Convert|1.5|km}} tsayi, tare da kofa mara shinge {{Convert|180|m}} dogon hanyar zubar ruwa ta Ogee Crest. Madatsar ruwan tana da {{Convert|40000000|m3}}    ƙarfin ajiya mai aiki. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam – SMEC}} Kamfanin Sinohydro ne ya gina madatsar ruwan akan kuɗin kimanin dala miliyan 100.7 na Amurka. {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}} 'Yan ƙasar Botswana 835 da 'yan China 138 ne suka ɗauki aikin gini. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam to supply...}} Tsarin bututun mai don isar da ruwan zai kai {{Convert|174|km}} tsayi idan an kammala. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam to supply...}}

== Gine-gine ==
An bai wa SMEC Holdings na Ostiraliya kwangilar aikin injiniya don sake duba zane, saye da kuma ba da shawara yayin gina madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Lotsane dam starts impounding...}} An bai wa Sinohydro na China kwangilar a watan Janairun 2009, tare da shirin kammalawa a watan Oktoban 2011. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam completion December}} A watan Mayun 2010, Ministan Ma'adanai, Makamashi da Albarkatun Ruwa ya yi gargadin cewa bututun ruwa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Lotsane zuwa ƙauyuka za su ratsa wasu gonakin noma mallakar mazauna Maunatlala da [[Mokokwane]], amma ya ce za a biya mutanen ƙauyen diyya. {{Sfn|Saving Water SA|2010}} A watan Agustan 2011, an tsawaita wa'adin kammalawa zuwa Disamba 2011. {{Sfn|Lotsane Dam completion December}} Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2012, madatsar ruwan ta kammala kuma ta fara riƙe ruwa, amma har yanzu ba ta da isasshen abin da za ta fara samar da kayayyaki ga ƙauyukan tun da ba a sami ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin magudanar ruwa ba tukuna. {{Sfn|Kuteeue|2012}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Bengo</title>
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    <id>153884</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844607</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:25:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1178639469|Bengo River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Bengo''' (ko '''Zenza''' ) kogi ne a arewacin [[Angola]] wanda ke da tushe a tsaunukan Crystal . Bakinsa yana Tekun Atlantika {{Convert|20|km|mi}} arewacin [[Luanda]] a Lardin Bengo . Kogin yana da {{Convert|300|km|mi}} tsayi tare da yankin magudanar ruwa na {{Convert|7370|km2}} . Akwai babban magudanar ruwa mai suna Kiminha a kan Bengo.  Akwai ƙananan tafkuna da yawa a ƙasan {{Convert|90|km|mi}} na ambaliyar ruwa a kogin da suka haɗa da Tafkunan Panguila, Quilunda da Lalama. Ruwan Kogin Bengo shine babban tushen amfanin gona na Luanda.  An kai ruwan sha daga Kogin Bengo zuwa Luanda a cikin ganga ta jirgin ruwa kafin a gina hanyar ruwa a shekarar 1889.  Motoci suna isar da mafi yawan ruwan da ake samu a birnin, wanda famfo ke ɗorawa a kogin. 

Mangroves suna girma a bakin teku, kusa da iyakar kudancinsu.  Kada, manatees, agwagwa da kifi suna cikin namun daji a cikin kogin. Masana'antar kiwon kifi kawai a Angola ita ce gonar tilapia a Kogin Bengo da ke [[Kifangondo]] a Lardin Luanda . 

Kogin ya kasance wurin da aka yi yaƙe-yaƙe da dama. A shekara ta 1641, 'yan Portugal sun ja da baya a can lokacin da 'yan Holland [[Dutch Loango-Angola|suka kama Luanda]] . A shekara ta 1873, ' yan Demokradiyyar da ke zaune tsakanin kogunan Bengo da [[Kogin Dande|Dande]] sun jagoranci bore kan 'yan Portugal.  Yaƙin Quifangondo a shekara ta 1975 muhimmin batu ne a [[Yakin Independence na Angola|Yaƙin 'Yanci na Angola]] .

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844608</id>
      <parentid>844607</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:25:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844608</origin>
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      <text bytes="1505" sha1="44iwoo9m6li185q771spoja0e9ha2gz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Bengo''' (ko '''Zenza''' ) kogi ne a arewacin [[Angola]] wanda ke da tushe a tsaunukan Crystal . Bakinsa yana Tekun Atlantika {{Convert|20|km|mi}} arewacin [[Luanda]] a Lardin Bengo . Kogin yana da {{Convert|300|km|mi}} tsayi tare da yankin magudanar ruwa na {{Convert|7370|km2}} . Akwai babban magudanar ruwa mai suna Kiminha a kan Bengo.  Akwai ƙananan tafkuna da yawa a ƙasan {{Convert|90|km|mi}} na ambaliyar ruwa a kogin da suka haɗa da Tafkunan Panguila, Quilunda da Lalama. Ruwan Kogin Bengo shine babban tushen amfanin gona na Luanda.  An kai ruwan sha daga Kogin Bengo zuwa Luanda a cikin ganga ta jirgin ruwa kafin a gina hanyar ruwa a shekarar 1889.  Motoci suna isar da mafi yawan ruwan da ake samu a birnin, wanda famfo ke ɗorawa a kogin. 

Mangroves suna girma a bakin teku, kusa da iyakar kudancinsu.  Kada, manatees, agwagwa da kifi suna cikin namun daji a cikin kogin. Masana'antar kiwon kifi kawai a Angola ita ce gonar tilapia a Kogin Bengo da ke [[Kifangondo]] a Lardin Luanda . 

Kogin ya kasance wurin da aka yi yaƙe-yaƙe da dama. A shekara ta 1641, 'yan Portugal sun ja da baya a can lokacin da 'yan Holland [[Dutch Loango-Angola|suka kama Luanda]] . A shekara ta 1873, ' yan Demokradiyyar da ke zaune tsakanin kogunan Bengo da [[Kogin Dande|Dande]] sun jagoranci bore kan 'yan Portugal.  Yaƙin Quifangondo a shekara ta 1975 muhimmin batu ne a [[Yakin Independence na Angola|Yaƙin 'Yanci na Angola]] .

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>44iwoo9m6li185q771spoja0e9ha2gz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Bentiaba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153885</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844609</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:27:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292771275|Bentiaba River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Bentiaba''' (ko ''Rio de São Nicolau'' ko kuma kogin Saint Nicolas) kogi ne a kudancin [[Angola]] . Bakinsa yana Tekun Atlantika kusa da kwamin Bentiaba a Lardin Namibe . kogin ta samar da wasu burbushin halittu na Cretaceous, ciki har da mosasaurs daga Tsarin Itombe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Polcyn |first=Michael J. |last2=Jacobs |first2=Louis L. |last3=Schulp |first3=Anne S. |last4=Mateus |first4=Octávio |date=March 2010 |title=The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912961003754978 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1–3 |pages=175–185 |doi=10.1080/08912961003754978 |issn=0891-2963 |s2cid=62882332 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bentiaba kuma sunan da ake kira Cretaceous bonebed ne. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844610</id>
      <parentid>844609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:27:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <text bytes="894" sha1="q8fhwfg71yhwvlx0yiqnky3ga1wfgk9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Bentiaba''' (ko ''Rio de São Nicolau'' ko kuma kogin Saint Nicolas) kogi ne a kudancin [[Angola]] . Bakinsa yana Tekun Atlantika kusa da kwamin Bentiaba a Lardin Namibe . kogin ta samar da wasu burbushin halittu na Cretaceous, ciki har da mosasaurs daga Tsarin Itombe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Polcyn |first=Michael J. |last2=Jacobs |first2=Louis L. |last3=Schulp |first3=Anne S. |last4=Mateus |first4=Octávio |date=March 2010 |title=The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912961003754978 |journal=Historical Biology |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1–3 |pages=175–185 |doi=10.1080/08912961003754978 |issn=0891-2963 |s2cid=62882332 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bentiaba kuma sunan da ake kira Cretaceous bonebed ne. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin N'waswitshaka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153886</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844611</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:42:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304028394|N'waswitshaka River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1475" sha1="qa1uzkuotirgx9cesjybdq1ejv8dkzg" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin N'waswitshaka''' (wanda a da ake kira '''N'waswitsake''') da magudanan ruwansa suna nan a kudancin Kruger Park, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Asalinsa yana kusa da Pretoriuskop kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Kogin Sabie]] a Skukuza. Sunan yana nufin &quot;mai farin ciki&quot; a [[Harshen Tsonga|Xitsonga]],  kuma ana cewa yana da alaƙa da mutumin da ke murmushi koyaushe.

== Sansanin bincike ==
Kusa da ƙauyen ma'aikatan Skukuza akwai sansanin bincike na N'waswitshaka, wanda ke ba da masauki ga masu bincike da baƙi da ke ziyara. Kayan aikin sun yi daidai da rondavels, chalets da wuraren sansani a babban sansanin, amma gabaɗaya suna da amfani da kansu. Akwai ƙarin albarkatu kamar wurin ofis mai damar shiga intanet da masu tsaron dabbobi ga masu bincike idan ana buƙata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Patricia |date= |title=N'waswitshaka Research Camp |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/conservation/scientific/skukuza-research-camp-facilities.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=sanparks.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096689388).jpg|alt=The river at dawn| Kogin da asuba
Fayil:River_bed_(208372684).jpg|alt=Shrinking pools in the river| Rage tafkuna a cikin kogin
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096688424).jpg|alt=Animal and human tracks in the sand| Layukan dabbobi da na mutane a cikin yashi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
N'waswitshaka RiverN'waswitshaka RiverN'waswitshaka RiverN'waswitshaka RiverN'waswitshaka River</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844612</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:43:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <text bytes="1391" sha1="5pml94b2lz7jeawwkae66yisknkk2bn" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin N'waswitshaka''' (wanda a da ake kira '''N'waswitsake''') da magudanan ruwansa suna nan a kudancin Kruger Park, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Asalinsa yana kusa da Pretoriuskop kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Kogin Sabie]] a Skukuza. Sunan yana nufin &quot;mai farin ciki&quot; a [[Harshen Tsonga|Xitsonga]],  kuma ana cewa yana da alaƙa da mutumin da ke murmushi koyaushe.

== Sansanin bincike ==
Kusa da ƙauyen ma'aikatan Skukuza akwai sansanin bincike na N'waswitshaka, wanda ke ba da masauki ga masu bincike da baƙi da ke ziyara. Kayan aikin sun yi daidai da rondavels, chalets da wuraren sansani a babban sansanin, amma gabaɗaya suna da amfani da kansu. Akwai ƙarin albarkatu kamar wurin ofis mai damar shiga intanet da masu tsaron dabbobi ga masu bincike idan ana buƙata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Patricia |date= |title=N'waswitshaka Research Camp |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/conservation/scientific/skukuza-research-camp-facilities.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=sanparks.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096689388).jpg|alt=The river at dawn| Kogin da asuba
Fayil:River_bed_(208372684).jpg|alt=Shrinking pools in the river| Rage tafkuna a cikin kogin
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096688424).jpg|alt=Animal and human tracks in the sand| Layukan dabbobi da na mutane a cikin yashi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844613</id>
      <parentid>844612</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:46:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844613</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2503" sha1="4l03z8b80n8yugp7359th1dvk36qs8q" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin N'waswitshaka''' (wanda a da ake kira '''N'waswitsake''') da magudanan ruwansa suna nan a kudancin Kruger Park, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asalinsa yana kusa da Pretoriuskop kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Kogin Sabie]] a Skukuza. Sunan yana nufin &quot;mai farin ciki&quot; a [[Harshen Tsonga|Xitsonga]],  kuma ana cewa yana da alaƙa da mutumin da ke murmushi koyaushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sansanin bincike ==
Kusa da ƙauyen ma'aikatan Skukuza akwai sansanin bincike na N'waswitshaka, wanda ke ba da masauki ga masu bincike da baƙi da ke ziyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan aikin sun yi daidai da rondavels, chalets da wuraren sansani a babban sansanin, amma gabaɗaya suna da amfani da kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai ƙarin albarkatu kamar wurin ofis mai damar shiga intanet da masu tsaron dabbobi ga masu bincike idan ana buƙata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Patricia |date= |title=N'waswitshaka Research Camp |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/conservation/scientific/skukuza-research-camp-facilities.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=sanparks.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096689388).jpg|alt=The river at dawn| Kogin da asuba
Fayil:River_bed_(208372684).jpg|alt=Shrinking pools in the river| Rage tafkuna a cikin kogin
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096688424).jpg|alt=Animal and human tracks in the sand| Layukan dabbobi da na mutane a cikin yashi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844614</id>
      <parentid>844613</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:47:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844614</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2516" sha1="63f84lpji0zbtofv752a8qaltaw3htl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin N'waswitshaka''' (wanda a da ake kira '''N'waswitsake''') da magudanan ruwansa suna nan a kudancin Kruger Park, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asalinsa yana kusa da Pretoriuskop kuma yana haɗuwa da [[Kogin Sabie]] a Skukuza. Sunan yana nufin &quot;mai farin ciki&quot; a [[Harshen Tsonga|Xitsonga]],  kuma ana cewa yana da alaƙa da mutumin da ke murmushi koyaushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sansanin bincike ==
Kusa da ƙauyen ma'aikatan Skukuza akwai sansanin bincike na N'waswitshaka, wanda ke ba da masauki ga masu bincike da baƙi da ke ziyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan aikin sun yi daidai da rondavels, chalets da wuraren sansani a babban sansanin, amma gabaɗaya suna da amfani da kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;floors&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=van der Wateren |first1=Floors |title=Pocket Guide to the Placenames of the Kruger National Park |date=April 2018 |publisher=J Taylor Pre-Print Solutions |isbn=978-0-620-79560-9 |page=50 |url=http://anyflip.com/mand/ihlg/basic/51-99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai ƙarin albarkatu kamar wurin ofis mai damar shiga intanet da masu tsaron dabbobi ga masu bincike idan ana buƙata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khoza |first=Patricia |date= |title=N'waswitshaka Research Camp |url=https://www.sanparks.org/docs/conservation/scientific/skukuza-research-camp-facilities.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=sanparks.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096689388).jpg|alt=The river at dawn| Kogin da asuba
Fayil:River_bed_(208372684).jpg|alt=Shrinking pools in the river| Rage tafkuna a cikin kogin
Fayil:Morning_Walk_(4096688424).jpg|alt=Animal and human tracks in the sand| Layukan dabbobi da na mutane a cikin yashi
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>63f84lpji0zbtofv752a8qaltaw3htl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Letaba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153887</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844615</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290428233|Letaba River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844615</origin>
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      <text bytes="1409" sha1="l4n1n7t3i7hxq8t848qbfmlt40q9yqa" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Letaba'''  wanda kuma aka sani da '''Leţaba''', '''Lehlaba''' ko '''Ritavi''', kogi ne da ke gabashin lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman rafukan Kogin Olifants.

== Kwarara ==
Yana farawa ne daga mahaɗar Kogin Groot Letaba da Kogin Klein Letaba, daga nan suka ci gaba da tafiyarsu ta gabas ta cikin Lowveld a matsayin Kogin Letaba. Ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants a ƙarƙashin tsaunukan Lebombo, kusa da kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. A Mozambique, ana kiran kogin na ƙarshe Rio Elefantes.

Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Kogin Letaba ta Tsakiya, Kogin Nharhweni, [[Ngwenyeni River|Kogin Ngwenyeni]], [[Nwanedzi River|Kogin Nwanedzi]], Kogin Molototsi, [[Nsama River|Kogin Nsama]], da [[Makhadzi River|Kogin Makhadzi]].

== Dams na cikin kwarin ==

* [[Ebenezer Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Ebenezer]]
* Tzaneen Dam
* [[Modjaji Dam]], a cikin kogin Molototsi
* [[Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam]], a cikin kogin Nsama
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Tsakiyar Letaba, a Kogin Tsakiyar Letaba
* Dam ɗin Engelhard

[[Fayil:Letaba_River_-_South_Africa_2008.jpg|none|thumb|450x450px|Dabbobin farauta a bakin koginsa, kusa da sansanin Letaba, tsakiyar filin shakatawa na Kruger]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Luvubu da Letaba

== Manazarta ==
Letaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba RiverLetaba River</text>
      <sha1>l4n1n7t3i7hxq8t848qbfmlt40q9yqa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844616</id>
      <parentid>844615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:53:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>844616</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1288" sha1="tt7gr5u2dw99xat9mjw5571aa00uqmj" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Letaba'''  wanda kuma aka sani da '''Leţaba''', '''Lehlaba''' ko '''Ritavi''', kogi ne da ke gabashin lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman rafukan Kogin Olifants.

== Kwarara ==
Yana farawa ne daga mahaɗar Kogin Groot Letaba da Kogin Klein Letaba, daga nan suka ci gaba da tafiyarsu ta gabas ta cikin Lowveld a matsayin Kogin Letaba. Ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants a ƙarƙashin tsaunukan Lebombo, kusa da kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. A Mozambique, ana kiran kogin na ƙarshe Rio Elefantes.

Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Kogin Letaba ta Tsakiya, Kogin Nharhweni, [[Ngwenyeni River|Kogin Ngwenyeni]], [[Nwanedzi River|Kogin Nwanedzi]], Kogin Molototsi, [[Nsama River|Kogin Nsama]], da [[Makhadzi River|Kogin Makhadzi]].

== Dams na cikin kwarin ==

* [[Ebenezer Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Ebenezer]]
* Tzaneen Dam
* [[Modjaji Dam]], a cikin kogin Molototsi
* [[Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam]], a cikin kogin Nsama
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Tsakiyar Letaba, a Kogin Tsakiyar Letaba
* Dam ɗin Engelhard

[[Fayil:Letaba_River_-_South_Africa_2008.jpg|none|thumb|450x450px|Dabbobin farauta a bakin koginsa, kusa da sansanin Letaba, tsakiyar filin shakatawa na Kruger]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Luvubu da Letaba

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>tt7gr5u2dw99xat9mjw5571aa00uqmj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844617</id>
      <parentid>844616</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844617</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2340" sha1="axnle8h7f2tfxr4946u5pvxjdlrvl7f" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Letaba'''  wanda kuma aka sani da '''Leţaba''', '''Lehlaba''' ko '''Ritavi''', kogi ne da ke gabashin lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman rafukan Kogin Olifants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Yana farawa ne daga mahaɗar Kogin Groot Letaba da Kogin Klein Letaba, daga nan suka ci gaba da tafiyarsu ta gabas ta cikin Lowveld a matsayin Kogin Letaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants a ƙarƙashin tsaunukan Lebombo, kusa da kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A Mozambique, ana kiran kogin na ƙarshe Rio Elefantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Kogin Letaba ta Tsakiya, Kogin Nharhweni, [[Ngwenyeni River|Kogin Ngwenyeni]], [[Nwanedzi River|Kogin Nwanedzi]], Kogin Molototsi, [[Nsama River|Kogin Nsama]], da [[Makhadzi River|Kogin Makhadzi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams na cikin kwarin ==

* [[Ebenezer Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Ebenezer]]
* Tzaneen Dam
* [[Modjaji Dam]], a cikin kogin Molototsi
* [[Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam]], a cikin kogin Nsama
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Tsakiyar Letaba, a Kogin Tsakiyar Letaba
* Dam ɗin Engelhard

[[Fayil:Letaba_River_-_South_Africa_2008.jpg|none|thumb|450x450px|Dabbobin farauta a bakin koginsa, kusa da sansanin Letaba, tsakiyar filin shakatawa na Kruger]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Luvubu da Letaba

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>axnle8h7f2tfxr4946u5pvxjdlrvl7f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844618</id>
      <parentid>844617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T13:57:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2353" sha1="0fjlac60rqiop3yetuoj3mwlvslxnoa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Letaba'''  wanda kuma aka sani da '''Leţaba''', '''Lehlaba''' ko '''Ritavi''', kogi ne da ke gabashin lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman rafukan Kogin Olifants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Yana farawa ne daga mahaɗar Kogin Groot Letaba da Kogin Klein Letaba, daga nan suka ci gaba da tafiyarsu ta gabas ta cikin Lowveld a matsayin Kogin Letaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants a ƙarƙashin tsaunukan Lebombo, kusa da kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A Mozambique, ana kiran kogin na ƙarshe Rio Elefantes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Kogin Letaba ta Tsakiya, Kogin Nharhweni, [[Ngwenyeni River|Kogin Ngwenyeni]], [[Nwanedzi River|Kogin Nwanedzi]], Kogin Molototsi, [[Nsama River|Kogin Nsama]], da [[Makhadzi River|Kogin Makhadzi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams na cikin kwarin ==

* [[Ebenezer Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Ebenezer]]
* Tzaneen Dam
* [[Modjaji Dam]], a cikin kogin Molototsi
* [[Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam]], a cikin kogin Nsama
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Tsakiyar Letaba, a Kogin Tsakiyar Letaba
* Dam ɗin Engelhard

[[Fayil:Letaba_River_-_South_Africa_2008.jpg|none|thumb|450x450px|Dabbobin farauta a bakin koginsa, kusa da sansanin Letaba, tsakiyar filin shakatawa na Kruger]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Luvubu da Letaba

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>0fjlac60rqiop3yetuoj3mwlvslxnoa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam ɗin Middelburg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153888</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844619</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003400|Middelburg Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844619</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="866" sha1="1tegu80t4fxhpwojj9oaylivr36g9yv" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Middelburg''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Klein Olifants River|Kogin Klein Olifants]], wani ɓangare na kogin Olifants.  Tana kusa da Middelburg, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].  An kammala ginin a shekarar 1978, akan kuɗin Euro miliyan 54.2. Gwamnatin [[Faransa]] da [[Jamus]] sun rage farashin, a kan kuɗin Euro miliyan 20.5, yayin da kuma aka yi amfani da gudummawar da aka bayar daga Tsarin Zaman Lafiya na Turai, wanda darajarsa ta kai Euro miliyan 10. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta samar da ruwa kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Middelburg DamMiddelburg DamMiddelburg DamMiddelburg DamMiddelburg Dam
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>1tegu80t4fxhpwojj9oaylivr36g9yv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844620</id>
      <parentid>844619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:31:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>844620</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="796" sha1="k6uunhqigm323uh3bpdytw26ti6b3bd" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Middelburg''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Klein Olifants River|Kogin Klein Olifants]], wani ɓangare na kogin Olifants.  Tana kusa da Middelburg, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].  An kammala ginin a shekarar 1978, akan kuɗin Euro miliyan 54.2. Gwamnatin [[Faransa]] da [[Jamus]] sun rage farashin, a kan kuɗin Euro miliyan 20.5, yayin da kuma aka yi amfani da gudummawar da aka bayar daga Tsarin Zaman Lafiya na Turai, wanda darajarsa ta kai Euro miliyan 10. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta samar da ruwa kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>k6uunhqigm323uh3bpdytw26ti6b3bd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844631</id>
      <parentid>844620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:37:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1130" sha1="2ez5es2jxpumti496elpcihr8ynlysn" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Middelburg''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Klein Olifants River|Kogin Klein Olifants]], wani ɓangare na kogin Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg Olifants WMA 4]&lt;/ref&gt;  Tana kusa da Middelburg, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].  An kammala ginin a shekarar 1978, akan kuɗin Euro miliyan 54.2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm List of South African Dams] from the [[Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnatin [[Faransa]] da [[Jamus]] sun rage farashin, a kan kuɗin Euro miliyan 20.5, yayin da kuma aka yi amfani da gudummawar da aka bayar daga Tsarin Zaman Lafiya na Turai, wanda darajarsa ta kai Euro miliyan 10. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta samar da ruwa kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma (3).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg Olifants WMA 4]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2ez5es2jxpumti496elpcihr8ynlysn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844632</id>
      <parentid>844631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:37:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1143" sha1="qn4yipegtmsws85vma584hn3ru2vtiq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madatsar ruwan Middelburg''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Klein Olifants River|Kogin Klein Olifants]], wani ɓangare na kogin Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg Olifants WMA 4]&lt;/ref&gt;  Tana kusa da Middelburg, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].  An kammala ginin a shekarar 1978, akan kuɗin Euro miliyan 54.2.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm List of South African Dams] from the [[Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Gwamnatin [[Faransa]] da [[Jamus]] sun rage farashin, a kan kuɗin Euro miliyan 20.5, yayin da kuma aka yi amfani da gudummawar da aka bayar daga Tsarin Zaman Lafiya na Turai, wanda darajarsa ta kai Euro miliyan 10. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta samar da ruwa kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma (3).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg Olifants WMA 4]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>qn4yipegtmsws85vma584hn3ru2vtiq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Dama (Burundi)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153889</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844621</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:32:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1275328588|Dama River (Burundi)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844621</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1282" sha1="rl1r89ay7yooklml0cok98c1kzy21n2" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Dama''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Dama yana tashi a tsakiyar lardin Rumonge kusa da Magana, kuma yana kwarara kudu maso kudu maso yamma a daidai da Kogin Murembwe, wanda ke gabas. Yana shiga [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a arewacin birnin Rumonge . Akwai manyan gonakin dabino a ƙasan sa. {{Sfn|Relation: Dama (17502787)}} Ruwan Dama ya mamaye {{Convert|295|km2}} . {{Sfn|Roissart|2013}}

== Muhalli ==
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Fabrairu, tare da {{Convert|19|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,622|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|270|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|7|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

Kogin yana gurɓata ta hanyar samar da man dabino, wanke kofi da kuma sharar gida. Shan ruwan kogin yana haifar da kwalara. {{Sfn|Roissart|2013}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2023 an yi ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a yankin. An yi ambaliyar ruwa a gonakin dabino da gonakin amfanin gona a gefen kogunan Dama da Murembwe. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2023}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>rl1r89ay7yooklml0cok98c1kzy21n2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844622</id>
      <parentid>844621</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:33:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1297" sha1="ir6d8ee0kvsg7x23ilb5cmgx201upqs" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
''''''Kogin Dama''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Dama yana tashi a tsakiyar lardin Rumonge kusa da Magana, kuma yana kwarara kudu maso kudu maso yamma a daidai da Kogin Murembwe, wanda ke gabas. Yana shiga [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a arewacin birnin Rumonge . Akwai manyan gonakin dabino a ƙasan sa. {{Sfn|Relation: Dama (17502787)}} Ruwan Dama ya mamaye {{Convert|295|km2}} . {{Sfn|Roissart|2013}}

== Muhalli ==
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Fabrairu, tare da {{Convert|19|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,622|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|270|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|7|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

Kogin yana gurɓata ta hanyar samar da man dabino, wanke kofi da kuma sharar gida. Shan ruwan kogin yana haifar da kwalara. {{Sfn|Roissart|2013}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2023 an yi ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a yankin. An yi ambaliyar ruwa a gonakin dabino da gonakin amfanin gona a gefen kogunan Dama da Murembwe. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2023}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ir6d8ee0kvsg7x23ilb5cmgx201upqs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ƙungiyar Matasan Katolika ta Najeriya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153890</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844623</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:34:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351115052|Catholic Youth Organization Nigeria]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844623</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3908" sha1="5f1825wr8rx13ubzej9t97kjt8859t5" xml:space="preserve">'''Ƙungiyar Matasan Katolika ta [[Najeriya]]''' (C'''YON''') kungiya ce ta matasa ta Katolika a Najeriya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About US {{!}} Abuja Archdiocesan Catholic Youth Organisation of Nigeria |url=http://www.cyonabuja.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609131714/http://www.cyonabuja.org/about-us/ |archive-date=2016-06-09 |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=www.cyonabuja.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beten für Einsicht |url=http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=katholisch.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana cikin memba na laima na Katolika na kungiyoyin matasa Fimcap . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CYO Nigeria |url=http://fimcap.org/en/africa/cyo-nigeria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083315/http://fimcap.org/en/africa/cyo-nigeria |archive-date=2018-02-12 |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=fimcap.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa CYO Najeriya a shekarar 1985 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar matasa ga matasa Katolika a Najeriya. Kungiyar ta fito ne saboda damuwa da Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya (CBCN) cewa matasa Katolika da kungiyoyin matasa na Katolika a Najeriya ya kamata su yi bikin Shekarar Matasa ta Duniya (IYY) da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana a shekarar 1985.

Taron da yawa na limamai da ke da alhakin harkokin matasa da shugabannin matasa daga diocese daban-daban na Najeriya sun faru don tsara taron matasa na Katolika na kasa. Wadannan tarurruka a Ƙarshen sun haifar da fitowar CYO Najeriya a matsayin laima na kasa don aikin matasa na Katolika a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Catholic Youth Organization of Nigeria (CYON): HISTORY |url=http://cyonanniversary.blogspot.de/p/history.html |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=cyonanniversary.blogspot.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, a Babban Taron da ke Munich, an karɓi CYO Najeriya a matsayin cikakken memba na laima ta duniya ta ƙungiyoyin matasa na Katolika &quot;Fimcap&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010 |url=http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-14 |access-date=2016-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ruwaito cewa kungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kungiyar matasa Musulmi don inganta zaman lafiya da tattaunawa tsakanin addinai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beten für Einsicht |url=http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=katholisch.de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht &quot;Beten für Einsicht&quot;]. ''katholisch.de''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-06-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

* Tattaunawar bita da tarurruka
* Taron da tarurruka
* sansanoni
* Samun ƙwarewa
* Bikin al'adu da wasanni
* Musayar, tafiye-tafiye, da aikin hajji
* Ayyukan sadaka
* Ziyarar kurkuku da addu'o'i ga fursunoni
* Shawarwarin matasa &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010 |url=http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-14 |access-date=2016-06-09}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf &quot;Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Archived from [http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 2017-01-14&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-06-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>5f1825wr8rx13ubzej9t97kjt8859t5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844625</id>
      <parentid>844623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:34:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3920" sha1="ruga10n7t8pjb15rjuermjc2ic599cj" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Ƙungiyar Matasan Katolika ta [[Najeriya]]''' (C'''YON''') kungiya ce ta matasa ta Katolika a Najeriya . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About US {{!}} Abuja Archdiocesan Catholic Youth Organisation of Nigeria |url=http://www.cyonabuja.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609131714/http://www.cyonabuja.org/about-us/ |archive-date=2016-06-09 |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=www.cyonabuja.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beten für Einsicht |url=http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=katholisch.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana cikin memba na laima na Katolika na kungiyoyin matasa Fimcap . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CYO Nigeria |url=http://fimcap.org/en/africa/cyo-nigeria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083315/http://fimcap.org/en/africa/cyo-nigeria |archive-date=2018-02-12 |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=fimcap.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa CYO Najeriya a shekarar 1985 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar matasa ga matasa Katolika a Najeriya. Kungiyar ta fito ne saboda damuwa da Taron Bishops na Katolika na Najeriya (CBCN) cewa matasa Katolika da kungiyoyin matasa na Katolika a Najeriya ya kamata su yi bikin Shekarar Matasa ta Duniya (IYY) da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana a shekarar 1985.

Taron da yawa na limamai da ke da alhakin harkokin matasa da shugabannin matasa daga diocese daban-daban na Najeriya sun faru don tsara taron matasa na Katolika na kasa. Wadannan tarurruka a Ƙarshen sun haifar da fitowar CYO Najeriya a matsayin laima na kasa don aikin matasa na Katolika a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Catholic Youth Organization of Nigeria (CYON): HISTORY |url=http://cyonanniversary.blogspot.de/p/history.html |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=cyonanniversary.blogspot.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2010, a Babban Taron da ke Munich, an karɓi CYO Najeriya a matsayin cikakken memba na laima ta duniya ta ƙungiyoyin matasa na Katolika &quot;Fimcap&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010 |url=http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-14 |access-date=2016-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ruwaito cewa kungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kungiyar matasa Musulmi don inganta zaman lafiya da tattaunawa tsakanin addinai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beten für Einsicht |url=http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht |access-date=2016-06-09 |website=katholisch.de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.katholisch.de/aktuelles/aktuelle-artikel/beten-fur-einsicht &quot;Beten für Einsicht&quot;]. ''katholisch.de''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-06-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

* Tattaunawar bita da tarurruka
* Taron da tarurruka
* sansanoni
* Samun ƙwarewa
* Bikin al'adu da wasanni
* Musayar, tafiye-tafiye, da aikin hajji
* Ayyukan sadaka
* Ziyarar kurkuku da addu'o'i ga fursunoni
* Shawarwarin matasa &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010 |url=http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-14 |access-date=2016-06-09}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115722/http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf &quot;Fimcap LINK magazine 4/2010&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Archived from [http://fimcap.org/images/media/link/Link_2010_4_en.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 2017-01-14&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-06-09&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
      <sha1>ruga10n7t8pjb15rjuermjc2ic599cj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Jiji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153891</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844624</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:34:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255337609|Jiji River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1909" sha1="3fpvshfbgbaxbch2pjnahvq0dwrijg7" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Jiji''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Jiji yana tashi a gabashin Lardin Bururi kusa da Ruvuye. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas, sannan arewa, sannan ya kwarara zuwa yamma, a layi daya da Kogin Siguvyaye a kudu, zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Murembwe . Kogin yana ayyana ƙarshen arewa maso gabas na Wurin Ajiye Daji na Bururi . {{Sfn|Relation: Jiji (17502783)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin kogin Jiji wani yanki ne na gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 166 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|17|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|20|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Janairu, tare da {{Convert|15|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,174|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|200|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dam ==
A shekarar 2013, gwamnatin Burundi ta fara aikin gina madatsun ruwa na wutar lantarki a kogunan Jiji da Murembwe. An fara aikin ne a shekarar 2020 bayan shekaru bakwai na nazari. [[Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni]], firaministan Burundi, ya ziyarci wuraren a watan Yunin 2021. Ya ce aikin hanyoyin shiga yana tafiya yadda ya kamata, an fara aiki a Kogin Jiji kuma za a fara nan ba da jimawa ba a Kogin Murembwe. {{Sfn|Ndereyimana|2021}}

A watan Disamba na 2022 an yi ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a kan titin Muheka, a ƙasa da titin Nyakigo, amma jami'an kamfanin ORASCOM sun ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Jiji Murembwe ba ta yi mummunan tasiri ba. Darakta janar na REGIDESO Burundi ya nemi ORASCOM da ta hanzarta aikin. {{Sfn|La centrale hydroélectrique de Jiji Murembwe}}

* Jerin kogunan Burundi

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>3fpvshfbgbaxbch2pjnahvq0dwrijg7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844626</id>
      <parentid>844624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:34:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844626</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1921" sha1="jwh4q3eu5bxjoq60jl6oyn77w89gipg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Jiji''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Jiji yana tashi a gabashin Lardin Bururi kusa da Ruvuye. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas, sannan arewa, sannan ya kwarara zuwa yamma, a layi daya da Kogin Siguvyaye a kudu, zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Murembwe . Kogin yana ayyana ƙarshen arewa maso gabas na Wurin Ajiye Daji na Bururi . {{Sfn|Relation: Jiji (17502783)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin kogin Jiji wani yanki ne na gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 166 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|17|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|20|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Janairu, tare da {{Convert|15|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,174|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|200|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dam ==
A shekarar 2013, gwamnatin Burundi ta fara aikin gina madatsun ruwa na wutar lantarki a kogunan Jiji da Murembwe. An fara aikin ne a shekarar 2020 bayan shekaru bakwai na nazari. [[Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni]], firaministan Burundi, ya ziyarci wuraren a watan Yunin 2021. Ya ce aikin hanyoyin shiga yana tafiya yadda ya kamata, an fara aiki a Kogin Jiji kuma za a fara nan ba da jimawa ba a Kogin Murembwe. {{Sfn|Ndereyimana|2021}}

A watan Disamba na 2022 an yi ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a kan titin Muheka, a ƙasa da titin Nyakigo, amma jami'an kamfanin ORASCOM sun ce tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Jiji Murembwe ba ta yi mummunan tasiri ba. Darakta janar na REGIDESO Burundi ya nemi ORASCOM da ta hanzarta aikin. {{Sfn|La centrale hydroélectrique de Jiji Murembwe}}

* Jerin kogunan Burundi

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>jwh4q3eu5bxjoq60jl6oyn77w89gipg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kaburantwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153892</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844627</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:35:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255342797|Kaburantwa River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844627</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2912" sha1="71topfw65xaemcgssciykahtxq58t1s" xml:space="preserve">Kogin Kaburantwa yana tashi a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2,500|m}} a cikin dajin Nyungwe-Kibira, kuma ya faɗi zuwa {{Convert|842|m}} a Kogin Ruzizi. Matsakaicin gangaren yana da kashi 33%. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}} Ruwan ya mamaye {{Convert|53108|ha}} . {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}} Ana yin ban ruwa da {{Convert|3002|ha}} na kwarin kogin. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

Kogin yana ratsawa ta Lardin Cibitoke . Yana samuwa a cikin Dajin Nyungwe, kuma yana ratsa kudu maso gabas, a wani sashe yana samar da iyaka da [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Kaburantwa (16272803)}} Yana barin kan iyaka inda Kogin Buyumpu {{Efn|The Buyumpu River flows west along the Burundi-Rwanda border from a point just west of the point where the [[Mwogere River]] reaches the border and flows east along the border.{{sfn|Ndora USDMA}}}} ya haɗu da shi daga gabas, sannan ya ratsa kudu da kudu maso gabas. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} A ƙasan iyakar Rwanda, Kaburantwa yana haɗuwa daga hagu (kudu maso gabas) da Nyarubugu da Nyakibaya, kuma daga dama (arewa maso yamma) da Munyinya da Nyarurama, Rubugenge da Rukasantwa. {{Sfn|Ndora USDMA}} Sannan ya juya yamma ya ratsa ta Bukinanyana da Buganda don shiga [[Kogin Ruzizi]] gabas da Ndava . {{Sfn|Relation: Kaburantwa (16272803)}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kogin Gitenge – Kagunuzi da Kogin Kaburantwa muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Ruwan Kaburantwa kaɗai yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 44. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

A shekarar 1995, an fara aikin jirgin ruwa mai suna Kabu 16 a kan kogin Kaburantwa, {{Convert|16|km}} sama da haɗuwarta da Kogin Ruzizi, ana sa ran za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 117.7 GWh a kowace shekara. Za ta sami {{Convert|191|m}} shugaban. {{Sfn|Update on progress of 20-MW Kabu 16}} A shekarar 2010, Shirin Kogin Nilu ya nemi masu ba da shawara su nuna sha'awa don shirya sabbin nazarin aikin. {{Sfn|Nile group seeks studies}} An fara gina Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Kabu 16 mai karfin MW 20 a watan Maris na 2019. An shirya cewa Voith Hydro za ta samar da injinan turbine guda biyu masu karfin ME 10 Francis . A watan Yuni na 2019, Voith Hydro ta ce ya kamata a kammala aikin kafin kwata na uku na 2020. {{Sfn|Update on progress of 20-MW Kabu 16}}

== Matsaloli ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Nyamagana, Muhira, Kaburantwa da Kagunuzi a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844628</id>
      <parentid>844627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:35:51Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="2939" sha1="t4u1brenugkf1a3s7zwe6twc5u3xmld" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
Kogin Kaburantwa yana tashi a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2,500|m}} a cikin dajin Nyungwe-Kibira, kuma ya faɗi zuwa {{Convert|842|m}} a Kogin Ruzizi. Matsakaicin gangaren yana da kashi 33%. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}} Ruwan ya mamaye {{Convert|53108|ha}} . {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}} Ana yin ban ruwa da {{Convert|3002|ha}} na kwarin kogin. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

Kogin yana ratsawa ta Lardin Cibitoke . Yana samuwa a cikin Dajin Nyungwe, kuma yana ratsa kudu maso gabas, a wani sashe yana samar da iyaka da [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Kaburantwa (16272803)}} Yana barin kan iyaka inda Kogin Buyumpu {{Efn|The Buyumpu River flows west along the Burundi-Rwanda border from a point just west of the point where the [[Mwogere River]] reaches the border and flows east along the border.{{sfn|Ndora USDMA}}}} ya haɗu da shi daga gabas, sannan ya ratsa kudu da kudu maso gabas. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} A ƙasan iyakar Rwanda, Kaburantwa yana haɗuwa daga hagu (kudu maso gabas) da Nyarubugu da Nyakibaya, kuma daga dama (arewa maso yamma) da Munyinya da Nyarurama, Rubugenge da Rukasantwa. {{Sfn|Ndora USDMA}} Sannan ya juya yamma ya ratsa ta Bukinanyana da Buganda don shiga [[Kogin Ruzizi]] gabas da Ndava . {{Sfn|Relation: Kaburantwa (16272803)}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kogin Gitenge – Kagunuzi da Kogin Kaburantwa muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Ruwan Kaburantwa kaɗai yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 44. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

A shekarar 1995, an fara aikin jirgin ruwa mai suna Kabu 16 a kan kogin Kaburantwa, {{Convert|16|km}} sama da haɗuwarta da Kogin Ruzizi, ana sa ran za ta samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin 117.7 GWh a kowace shekara. Za ta sami {{Convert|191|m}} shugaban. {{Sfn|Update on progress of 20-MW Kabu 16}} A shekarar 2010, Shirin Kogin Nilu ya nemi masu ba da shawara su nuna sha'awa don shirya sabbin nazarin aikin. {{Sfn|Nile group seeks studies}} An fara gina Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Kabu 16 mai karfin MW 20 a watan Maris na 2019. An shirya cewa Voith Hydro za ta samar da injinan turbine guda biyu masu karfin ME 10 Francis . A watan Yuni na 2019, Voith Hydro ta ce ya kamata a kammala aikin kafin kwata na uku na 2020. {{Sfn|Update on progress of 20-MW Kabu 16}}

== Matsaloli ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Nyamagana, Muhira, Kaburantwa da Kagunuzi a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kagunuzi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844629</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338172327|Kagunuzi River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2803" sha1="box2iogbytjaurkugjleemb9pjdd3iy" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kagunuzi kogi''' ne a arewa maso yammacin Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Gitenge ya samo asali ne daga saman Tafkin Rwegura a cikin Parc national de la Kibira . Yana kwarara yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma tsakanin Lardin Cibitoke a arewa da Lardin Bubanza a kudu, kuma yana haɗuwa da Kagunuzi, wanda ke ci gaba da kan iyakar lardin. Kogin da aka haɗa ya shiga [[Kogin Ruzizi]] zuwa wurin da Ndava ke nema, Cibitoke. {{Sfn|Way: Kagunizi (313713953)}}

== Tashar ruwa ==
Yankin ruwan Kagunuzi ya kai {{Convert|425|km2}} . {{Sfn|Sibomana|Gangadhara Bhatt|Havyarimana|2018}} Tsayin tsayi ya kama daga {{Convert|2661|to|788|m}} . Matsakaicin ruwan sama na wata-wata ya bambanta daga {{Convert|74|to|137|mm}} . {{Sfn|Sibomana|Gangadhara Bhatt|Havyarimana|2018}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, kwarin Kagunuzi yana da {{Convert|1992|ha}} na ƙasar ban ruwa. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kagunizi wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da ciyayi na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 319 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|23|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|26|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Janairu, tare da {{Convert|21|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,086|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|154|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kogin Gitenge-Kagunuzi da Kogin Kaburantwa muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rwegura da ke yankin Kagunuzi tana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 19. Wani wuri da ke ƙasa da Kagunuzi yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 26. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

watan Mayu na shekarar 2015, an sanar da cewa za a fara gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kagu 006 nan ba da jimawa ba. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 12 zai samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin GWh 45-50 a kowace shekara. Tarayyar Turai, Bankin Duniya, [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]], Jamhuriyar China, Netherlands, Shirin Raya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai za su samar da kudaden da suka kai dala miliyan 60. {{Sfn|US$ 60M Hydroelectric Power plant}} Bayan dakatar da zuba jari a kasashen waje saboda matsalolin siyasa, nan da shekarar 2022, aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 6 na Kagu 006 a lardin Cibitoke ya kasance a matakin farko na nazarin. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development}}</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
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'''Kogin Kagunuzi kogi''' ne a arewa maso yammacin Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Gitenge ya samo asali ne daga saman Tafkin Rwegura a cikin Parc national de la Kibira . Yana kwarara yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma tsakanin Lardin Cibitoke a arewa da Lardin Bubanza a kudu, kuma yana haɗuwa da Kagunuzi, wanda ke ci gaba da kan iyakar lardin. Kogin da aka haɗa ya shiga [[Kogin Ruzizi]] zuwa wurin da Ndava ke nema, Cibitoke. {{Sfn|Way: Kagunizi (313713953)}}

== Tashar ruwa ==
Yankin ruwan Kagunuzi ya kai {{Convert|425|km2}} . {{Sfn|Sibomana|Gangadhara Bhatt|Havyarimana|2018}} Tsayin tsayi ya kama daga {{Convert|2661|to|788|m}} . Matsakaicin ruwan sama na wata-wata ya bambanta daga {{Convert|74|to|137|mm}} . {{Sfn|Sibomana|Gangadhara Bhatt|Havyarimana|2018}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, kwarin Kagunuzi yana da {{Convert|1992|ha}} na ƙasar ban ruwa. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kagunizi wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da ciyayi na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 319 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|23|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|26|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Janairu, tare da {{Convert|21|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,086|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|154|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kogin Gitenge-Kagunuzi da Kogin Kaburantwa muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rwegura da ke yankin Kagunuzi tana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 19. Wani wuri da ke ƙasa da Kagunuzi yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 26. {{Sfn|Goffin|2020}}

watan Mayu na shekarar 2015, an sanar da cewa za a fara gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kagu 006 nan ba da jimawa ba. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 12 zai samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin GWh 45-50 a kowace shekara. Tarayyar Turai, Bankin Duniya, [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]], Jamhuriyar China, Netherlands, Shirin Raya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai za su samar da kudaden da suka kai dala miliyan 60. {{Sfn|US$ 60M Hydroelectric Power plant}} Bayan dakatar da zuba jari a kasashen waje saboda matsalolin siyasa, nan da shekarar 2022, aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 6 na Kagu 006 a lardin Cibitoke ya kasance a matakin farko na nazarin. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kajeke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153894</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:38:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104568|Kajeke River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3478" sha1="cg79uf5fp93v64vroif9kwjyae3o0a5" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kajeke''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Bubanza, Burundi. Yana cikin [[kogin Ruzizi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin yana tashi zuwa gabashin Muramba kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu zuwa Bubanza, yana tafiya yamma ta arewa da wannan birnin. Yana juyawa kudu maso gabas kuma yana kwarara ta hanyar Gihanga zuwa Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Way: Kajeke (736829572)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kajeke wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 266 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|24|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Oktoba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|28|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|21|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,086|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|154|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Kogin Kajeke ya yi ambaliya a shekarar 1982. Bayan haka aka shirya tsaftace {{Convert|8|m}} zurfin kogin ya fara, amma bai daɗe ba, don haka kogin ya fara zurfafa a hankali. A watan Mayu na 2006 ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa Kogin Kajeke ya sake ambaliya, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a yankin Gihanga . Kogin ya isa makabartar Mpanda, inda ya yi ambaliya ya kuma lalata kaburbura da yawa gaba ɗaya. {{Sfn|Les débordements de la rivière Kajeke}}

A watan Disamba na 2021, Shugaban Dandalin Kasa don Rigakafin Hadari da Gudanar da Bala'i ya ziyarci wurin da ake sake gina gadar kogin Kajeke a Gihanga Commune ta hannun Oxfam tare da tallafin Tarayyar Turai. Bayan an sake gina gadon, za a dasa ciyawa da bishiyoyi don daidaita bankunan. Oxfam ta shirya gudanar da irin wannan aikin a Kogin Musasa da ke Lardin Rutana . {{Sfn|Nkurunziza|2021}}

A watan Mayun 2022, Kogin Kajeke, wanda manoman shinkafa suka karkatar da shi daga babban gadonsa, ya mamaye gidaje 118 a Gihanga. An dakatar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan hanyar [[Bujumbura]] zuwa Cibitoke, kuma manyan wuraren gonakin shinkafa sun cika, tare da wanke amfanin gona. Makabartar Mpanda ma ta lalace. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2022}}

== Dam ==
A shekarar 2009, an fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a kan Kajeke tsakanin ''madatsar ruwa'' ta Kagirigiri ta yankin Bubanza da kuma ''madatsar ruwa'' ta Cabara ta yankin Buvyuko. An yi nufin yin ban ruwa da {{Convert|1013|ha}}, amma daga baya an fadada wannan zuwa {{Convert|2813|ha}} . {{Sfn|Banyankiye|2021}} A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Joseph Butore, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Biyu na Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin madatsar ruwa tare da ministocin Noma, Shugabanci Mai Kyau da Muhalli. Manufar ita ce a tantance ci gaba da kuma sanin musabbabin raguwar. {{Sfn|Le 2ème Vice-président}}

Kamfanonin sun ƙi bin ƙa'ida, kuma a watan Maris na 2018 Ministan Noma ya ce aikin ya gaza. An tsara tayin sake fara aikin a shekarar 2019, amma har zuwa shekarar 2021 ba a fara aiki ba. {{Sfn|Banyankiye|2021}} A watan Yuni na 2021, [[Evariste ndayishmiye|Evariste Ndayishimiye]], Shugaban Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin da madatsar ruwan ke aiki, inda ya ce zai kafa kwamiti don nazarin gina madatsar ruwan. Manufar ita ce a yi ban ruwa da gonakin shinkafa da masara {{Convert|3600|ha}} a mataki na farko, da kuma gonakin masara 6,000 a mataki na biyu. {{Sfn|Ntahondi|2021}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:38:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Kajeke''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Bubanza, Burundi. Yana cikin [[kogin Ruzizi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin yana tashi zuwa gabashin Muramba kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu zuwa Bubanza, yana tafiya yamma ta arewa da wannan birnin. Yana juyawa kudu maso gabas kuma yana kwarara ta hanyar Gihanga zuwa Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Way: Kajeke (736829572)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kajeke wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 266 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|24|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Oktoba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|28|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|21|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,086|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|154|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Kogin Kajeke ya yi ambaliya a shekarar 1982. Bayan haka aka shirya tsaftace {{Convert|8|m}} zurfin kogin ya fara, amma bai daɗe ba, don haka kogin ya fara zurfafa a hankali. A watan Mayu na 2006 ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa Kogin Kajeke ya sake ambaliya, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, musamman a yankin Gihanga . Kogin ya isa makabartar Mpanda, inda ya yi ambaliya ya kuma lalata kaburbura da yawa gaba ɗaya. {{Sfn|Les débordements de la rivière Kajeke}}

A watan Disamba na 2021, Shugaban Dandalin Kasa don Rigakafin Hadari da Gudanar da Bala'i ya ziyarci wurin da ake sake gina gadar kogin Kajeke a Gihanga Commune ta hannun Oxfam tare da tallafin Tarayyar Turai. Bayan an sake gina gadon, za a dasa ciyawa da bishiyoyi don daidaita bankunan. Oxfam ta shirya gudanar da irin wannan aikin a Kogin Musasa da ke Lardin Rutana . {{Sfn|Nkurunziza|2021}}

A watan Mayun 2022, Kogin Kajeke, wanda manoman shinkafa suka karkatar da shi daga babban gadonsa, ya mamaye gidaje 118 a Gihanga. An dakatar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan hanyar [[Bujumbura]] zuwa Cibitoke, kuma manyan wuraren gonakin shinkafa sun cika, tare da wanke amfanin gona. Makabartar Mpanda ma ta lalace. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2022}}

== Dam ==
A shekarar 2009, an fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a kan Kajeke tsakanin ''madatsar ruwa'' ta Kagirigiri ta yankin Bubanza da kuma ''madatsar ruwa'' ta Cabara ta yankin Buvyuko. An yi nufin yin ban ruwa da {{Convert|1013|ha}}, amma daga baya an fadada wannan zuwa {{Convert|2813|ha}} . {{Sfn|Banyankiye|2021}} A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Joseph Butore, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Biyu na Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin madatsar ruwa tare da ministocin Noma, Shugabanci Mai Kyau da Muhalli. Manufar ita ce a tantance ci gaba da kuma sanin musabbabin raguwar. {{Sfn|Le 2ème Vice-président}}

Kamfanonin sun ƙi bin ƙa'ida, kuma a watan Maris na 2018 Ministan Noma ya ce aikin ya gaza. An tsara tayin sake fara aikin a shekarar 2019, amma har zuwa shekarar 2021 ba a fara aiki ba. {{Sfn|Banyankiye|2021}} A watan Yuni na 2021, [[Evariste ndayishmiye|Evariste Ndayishimiye]], Shugaban Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin da madatsar ruwan ke aiki, inda ya ce zai kafa kwamiti don nazarin gina madatsar ruwan. Manufar ita ce a yi ban ruwa da gonakin shinkafa da masara {{Convert|3600|ha}} a mataki na farko, da kuma gonakin masara 6,000 a mataki na biyu. {{Sfn|Ntahondi|2021}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kaniga</title>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311827226|Kaniga River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3271" sha1="f93ou2zea502gdri7migjsgtpqqc40t" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kaniga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a [[Burundi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kaniga wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Mubarazi, wanda yake haɗuwa daga dama (kudu) zuwa yammacin [[Busangana]] . {{Sfn|Way: Kaniga (573771053)}} Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna huɗu da ke malalar da yankin Mwaro. Waɗannan su ne Mubarazi da Kaniga a arewa maso yamma, [[Kayokwe River|Kayokwe]] a arewa maso gabas da [[Mushwabure River|Mushwabure]] a kudu maso yamma, tsakiya da kudu maso gabas. {{Sfn|Etude d'une méthodologie d'évaluation}}

Kaniga yana da {{Cvt|46.5|km}} tsayi kuma yana da kwano {{Cvt|230.6|km2}}   a yankin. {{Sfn|Linke|Lehner|Ouellet Dallaire|Ariwi|2019}} Tana fitowa ne daga gabashin [[Gatsinga]], Lardin Mwaro, kuma tana kwarara zuwa arewa-maso-gabas daidai da babbar hanyar RP 112 tsawonta duka. Sashen sama na kogin ya samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Mwaro. Sashen ƙasa yana kwarara zuwa arewa tare da iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Gitega, kuma babbar hanyar RN2 ce ta ratsa ta kafin ta shiga wani yanki mai dausayi ta shiga Kogin Mubarazi. {{Sfn|Way: Kaniga (573771053)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kaniga wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 411 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Mayu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
A cikin garin Ndava, Lardin Mwaro, yanayin ya yi sanyi sosai ga shinkafa. [[Tamba|Gero]] shine babban amfanin gona a yawancin dazuzzukan, maimakon dankali mai zaki da masara. Ana shuka gero bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lokacin damina. {{Sfn|Mwaro, l’éleusine en triomphe}}

A watan Satumba na 2023, ruwan sama, ƙanƙara da iska mai ƙarfi sun lalata gonakin ayaba da gonakin dankali mai zaki da dankali a cikin dausayin Kaniga na ƙauyen Kirambi a cikin Kwaminar Rusaka, Lardin Mwaro. {{Sfn|Rain mixed with wind and hail}}

Tafsirin Mubarazi-Kaniga ya kai kimanin {{Convert|130|ha}} a cikin kwamitocin Mbuye da Rutegama na lardin Muramvya, kuma suna samar da kusan tan 1,000 na shinkafa a duk shekara. Ana sarrafa magudanar ruwan na Mubarazi a sama da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar dam na ban ruwa. {{Sfn|Les travaux de sarclage}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Rahoton farko kan aiwatar da ''Tsarin Dabaru don Yaƙi da Talauci na 2012-2015'' (CSLP II), ya ba da shawarar gina ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku na hydroelectric, ciki har da Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyamyotsi (kilowatts 350) a Kibimba. {{Sfn|Ntibarikure|2017}} A watan Satumba na 2015, sabon gwamnan lardin Mwaro, Jean Marie Nyakarerwa, ya gaji aikin gina madatsar ruwa a Nyamyotsi a cikin Kwamitin Ndava a kan kogin Kaniga don samar da wadataccen ruwa ga ƙauyen Kibimba. {{Sfn|Mwaro doté du nouveau Gouverneur}} Kamfanin Nyamyotsi da ke Kaniga ya fara aiki a shekarar 2018.</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
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'''Kogin Kaniga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a [[Burundi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kaniga wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Mubarazi, wanda yake haɗuwa daga dama (kudu) zuwa yammacin [[Busangana]] . {{Sfn|Way: Kaniga (573771053)}} Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan koguna huɗu da ke malalar da yankin Mwaro. Waɗannan su ne Mubarazi da Kaniga a arewa maso yamma, [[Kayokwe River|Kayokwe]] a arewa maso gabas da [[Mushwabure River|Mushwabure]] a kudu maso yamma, tsakiya da kudu maso gabas. {{Sfn|Etude d'une méthodologie d'évaluation}}

Kaniga yana da {{Cvt|46.5|km}} tsayi kuma yana da kwano {{Cvt|230.6|km2}}   a yankin. {{Sfn|Linke|Lehner|Ouellet Dallaire|Ariwi|2019}} Tana fitowa ne daga gabashin [[Gatsinga]], Lardin Mwaro, kuma tana kwarara zuwa arewa-maso-gabas daidai da babbar hanyar RP 112 tsawonta duka. Sashen sama na kogin ya samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Mwaro. Sashen ƙasa yana kwarara zuwa arewa tare da iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Gitega, kuma babbar hanyar RN2 ce ta ratsa ta kafin ta shiga wani yanki mai dausayi ta shiga Kogin Mubarazi. {{Sfn|Way: Kaniga (573771053)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kaniga wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 411 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Mayu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
A cikin garin Ndava, Lardin Mwaro, yanayin ya yi sanyi sosai ga shinkafa. [[Tamba|Gero]] shine babban amfanin gona a yawancin dazuzzukan, maimakon dankali mai zaki da masara. Ana shuka gero bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lokacin damina. {{Sfn|Mwaro, l’éleusine en triomphe}}

A watan Satumba na 2023, ruwan sama, ƙanƙara da iska mai ƙarfi sun lalata gonakin ayaba da gonakin dankali mai zaki da dankali a cikin dausayin Kaniga na ƙauyen Kirambi a cikin Kwaminar Rusaka, Lardin Mwaro. {{Sfn|Rain mixed with wind and hail}}

Tafsirin Mubarazi-Kaniga ya kai kimanin {{Convert|130|ha}} a cikin kwamitocin Mbuye da Rutegama na lardin Muramvya, kuma suna samar da kusan tan 1,000 na shinkafa a duk shekara. Ana sarrafa magudanar ruwan na Mubarazi a sama da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar dam na ban ruwa. {{Sfn|Les travaux de sarclage}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Rahoton farko kan aiwatar da ''Tsarin Dabaru don Yaƙi da Talauci na 2012-2015'' (CSLP II), ya ba da shawarar gina ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku na hydroelectric, ciki har da Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyamyotsi (kilowatts 350) a Kibimba. {{Sfn|Ntibarikure|2017}} A watan Satumba na 2015, sabon gwamnan lardin Mwaro, Jean Marie Nyakarerwa, ya gaji aikin gina madatsar ruwa a Nyamyotsi a cikin Kwamitin Ndava a kan kogin Kaniga don samar da wadataccen ruwa ga ƙauyen Kibimba. {{Sfn|Mwaro doté du nouveau Gouverneur}} Kamfanin Nyamyotsi da ke Kaniga ya fara aiki a shekarar 2018.

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Klaserie</title>
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      <id>844637</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:40:26Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331448655|Klaserie River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="735" sha1="j47nsrpoyun8q7jcd4oklf426jul0qb" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Klaserie''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana kwarara zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a digiri 90 a yammacin Kruger National Park. 

== Dam ==

* Madatsar ruwa ta Jan Wassenaar - an gina ta a shekarar 1961 a matsayin madatsar ruwa mai magudanar ruwa ta siminti don adana ruwan ban ruwa, an ƙara ɗaga ta da mita uku a shekarar 1968.  Tsawonta mita 98 ne kuma tsayinta mita 17.5. &lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.geonames.org/990721/klaserierivier.html Taswirar Google ta bakin Klaserie River] a Geonames.org (cc-by)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844640</id>
      <parentid>844637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T14:42:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844640</origin>
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      <text bytes="2337" sha1="dy0f2pfsdp4ay24c73hjpxz3ow61prk" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Klaserie''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a digiri 90 a yammacin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dam ==

* Madatsar ruwa ta Jan Wassenaar - an gina ta a shekarar 1961 a matsayin madatsar ruwa mai magudanar ruwa ta siminti don adana ruwan ban ruwa, an ƙara ɗaga ta da mita uku a shekarar 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tsawonta mita 98 ne kuma tsayinta mita 17.5.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.geonames.org/990721/klaserierivier.html Taswirar Google ta bakin Klaserie River] a Geonames.org (cc-by)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844641</id>
      <parentid>844640</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <origin>844641</origin>
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      <text bytes="2350" sha1="hnp712xmymt82vi34ug7u0y6evohbqc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Klaserie''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a digiri 90 a yammacin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dam ==

* Madatsar ruwa ta Jan Wassenaar - an gina ta a shekarar 1961 a matsayin madatsar ruwa mai magudanar ruwa ta siminti don adana ruwan ban ruwa, an ƙara ɗaga ta da mita uku a shekarar 1968.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Tsawonta mita 98 ne kuma tsayinta mita 17.5.&lt;ref name=&quot;stan01&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kokot |first=Daniel Francis |year=1972 |article=Klaserie |language=en |article-url=https://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0006unse/page/411/mode/1up |editor-last=Potgieter |editor-first=Dirk J. |encyclopedia=[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]] |volume=6 |publication-place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Nasou]] |isbn=978-0-625-00322-8 |pages=411}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.geonames.org/990721/klaserierivier.html Taswirar Google ta bakin Klaserie River] a Geonames.org (cc-by)

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kanyosha</title>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262498794|Kanyosha River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3701" sha1="i1fyxm3keik1obrlt85vutccexeae0o" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kanyosha''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi wanda ke gudana ta kudancin [[Bujumbura]] . Zaftarewar bankunan abu ne da ke ci gaba da faruwa a biranen da yake ratsawa.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kanyosha yana tashi a tsakiyar lardin karkara na Bujumbura kuma yana kwarara zuwa yamma ta hanyar Buhonga don shiga kudancin lardin Bujumbura Mairie, inda yake kwarara ta cikin kwamin Muha da kwamin Kanyosha har zuwa bakinsa a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Kanyosha (17502769)}} Tsayin ruwa a cikin ruwan ya bambanta daga {{Convert|758|to|2537|m}} . {{Sfn|Kubwimana|AIT Brahim|Bousta|Dewitte|2018}} Zaftarewar ƙasa tana faruwa a kusan kashi 3% na yankin. {{Sfn|Kubwimana|AIT Brahim|Bousta|Dewitte|2018}}

== Gyara ==
A shekarar 2020, Ofishin Tsare-tsare, Gidaje da Gine-gine na Burundi (OBUHA) ya haramta haƙa rijiyoyin kasuwanci na Kanyosha, Muha, Ntahangwa, Mutimbuzi da sauran kogunan Bujumbura, tunda OBUHA ce kawai ke da kayan aikin haƙa rijiyoyin injina, kuma haƙa rijiyoyin hannu ba zai iya jure manyan duwatsu a bakin kogin ba. Duk da haka, saboda rashin kuɗi da kuma haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, hukumar ba da daɗewa ba ta ba da damar haɗin gwiwar da ke haƙa rijiyoyin hannu su ci gaba da aiki. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar za ta biya OBUHA kuɗin kayan gini da suka ɗauko, kuma sun himmatu wajen gina rijiyoyin ruwa da dasa bishiyoyi don kare bakin kogin. {{Sfn|Niyongabo|2020}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2022, shugaban kwamin Muha ya lura cewa kwamin ya dasa bishiyoyi sama da dubu sittin a gefen kogunan Muha, Kanyosha, [[Kizingwe River|Kizingwe]] da [[Kamesa River|Kamesa]] . {{Sfn|Hakizimana|2022}}

== Matsaloli ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2021, bakin kogin ya ruguje a gundumar Busoro ta Commune of Muha, lamarin da ya sa wasu gidaje suka ruguje suka kuma yi wa wasu barazana. Gadar da ke tsakanin yankunan Musaga da Kanyosha ma ta fuskanci barazana. Duk da cewa mutane sun dasa bishiyoyi a gefen gabar, hakan ba koyaushe yake da tasiri ba. Mazauna yankin sun dora alhakin hako duwatsu da tsakuwa kan matsalar. {{Sfn|Harerimana|2021}}

A watan Yunin 2022, an ruwaito cewa gabar kogin Kanyosha tsakanin gundumar Kinanira ta yankin Musaga da gundumar Musama ta yankin Kanyosha ta ci gaba da faɗaɗawa, kuma ta samar da babban kwarin da ke gefen kogin. Bishiyoyi da aka yi niyya don kare gaɓar kogin suna faɗuwa cikin kogin. Gadar da ke tsakanin yankunan biyu na fuskantar barazanar rugujewa, saboda an raunana bangon da ke riƙe da shi. Cire yashi da tsakuwa ba tare da kulawa ba shine musabbabin. OBUHA ta ce za a fara aikin gyara nan ba da jimawa ba. {{Sfn|Mbazumutima|2022}}

A watan Afrilun 2023, wani kwarin da ke kan kogin ya faɗaɗa ya lalata gidaje biyar, wanda hakan ya yi barazana ga wasu. Babban kwamishinan OBUHA ya ce za a gyara kwarin a hankali kamar yadda aka ba da damar samun kuɗi, amma ya yi gargaɗin cewa bai kamata a gina gidaje kusa da {{Convert|50|m}} daga gefen wani kwarin. Dangane da batun haƙo kayan gini, ya lura cewa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ke wannan aikin suna sanya hannu kan kwangiloli da OBUHA da kuma biyan haraji waɗanda za su taimaka wajen samar da kuɗaɗen gyaran kwarin. {{Sfn|Harerimana|2023}}

== Sauran abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2021, an kammala gadar dakatarwa ga masu tafiya a ƙasa a kan gadar Kanyosha tsakanin unguwar Busoro da ke yankin Kanyosha da unguwar Kinanira da ke yankin Musaga. Tsawonta ya kai {{Convert|78|m}} tsayi da {{Convert|1.2|m}} faɗin duniya. [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] ne ya ɗauki nauyin aikin kuma kamfanin Nepal, &quot;Bridge Technology&quot;, wanda kamfanin Switzerland, &quot;Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation&quot; ke kula da shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin aikin. {{Sfn|Nibitanga|2021}}</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="3728" sha1="jjxoqtvo7w9fr5m5lb5q41tyuea9nyi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kanyosha''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi wanda ke gudana ta kudancin [[Bujumbura]] . Zaftarewar bankunan abu ne da ke ci gaba da faruwa a biranen da yake ratsawa.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kanyosha yana tashi a tsakiyar lardin karkara na Bujumbura kuma yana kwarara zuwa yamma ta hanyar Buhonga don shiga kudancin lardin Bujumbura Mairie, inda yake kwarara ta cikin kwamin Muha da kwamin Kanyosha har zuwa bakinsa a [[tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Kanyosha (17502769)}} Tsayin ruwa a cikin ruwan ya bambanta daga {{Convert|758|to|2537|m}} . {{Sfn|Kubwimana|AIT Brahim|Bousta|Dewitte|2018}} Zaftarewar ƙasa tana faruwa a kusan kashi 3% na yankin. {{Sfn|Kubwimana|AIT Brahim|Bousta|Dewitte|2018}}

== Gyara ==
A shekarar 2020, Ofishin Tsare-tsare, Gidaje da Gine-gine na Burundi (OBUHA) ya haramta haƙa rijiyoyin kasuwanci na Kanyosha, Muha, Ntahangwa, Mutimbuzi da sauran kogunan Bujumbura, tunda OBUHA ce kawai ke da kayan aikin haƙa rijiyoyin injina, kuma haƙa rijiyoyin hannu ba zai iya jure manyan duwatsu a bakin kogin ba. Duk da haka, saboda rashin kuɗi da kuma haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, hukumar ba da daɗewa ba ta ba da damar haɗin gwiwar da ke haƙa rijiyoyin hannu su ci gaba da aiki. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar za ta biya OBUHA kuɗin kayan gini da suka ɗauko, kuma sun himmatu wajen gina rijiyoyin ruwa da dasa bishiyoyi don kare bakin kogin. {{Sfn|Niyongabo|2020}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2022, shugaban kwamin Muha ya lura cewa kwamin ya dasa bishiyoyi sama da dubu sittin a gefen kogunan Muha, Kanyosha, [[Kizingwe River|Kizingwe]] da [[Kamesa River|Kamesa]] . {{Sfn|Hakizimana|2022}}

== Matsaloli ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2021, bakin kogin ya ruguje a gundumar Busoro ta Commune of Muha, lamarin da ya sa wasu gidaje suka ruguje suka kuma yi wa wasu barazana. Gadar da ke tsakanin yankunan Musaga da Kanyosha ma ta fuskanci barazana. Duk da cewa mutane sun dasa bishiyoyi a gefen gabar, hakan ba koyaushe yake da tasiri ba. Mazauna yankin sun dora alhakin hako duwatsu da tsakuwa kan matsalar. {{Sfn|Harerimana|2021}}

A watan Yunin 2022, an ruwaito cewa gabar kogin Kanyosha tsakanin gundumar Kinanira ta yankin Musaga da gundumar Musama ta yankin Kanyosha ta ci gaba da faɗaɗawa, kuma ta samar da babban kwarin da ke gefen kogin. Bishiyoyi da aka yi niyya don kare gaɓar kogin suna faɗuwa cikin kogin. Gadar da ke tsakanin yankunan biyu na fuskantar barazanar rugujewa, saboda an raunana bangon da ke riƙe da shi. Cire yashi da tsakuwa ba tare da kulawa ba shine musabbabin. OBUHA ta ce za a fara aikin gyara nan ba da jimawa ba. {{Sfn|Mbazumutima|2022}}

A watan Afrilun 2023, wani kwarin da ke kan kogin ya faɗaɗa ya lalata gidaje biyar, wanda hakan ya yi barazana ga wasu. Babban kwamishinan OBUHA ya ce za a gyara kwarin a hankali kamar yadda aka ba da damar samun kuɗi, amma ya yi gargaɗin cewa bai kamata a gina gidaje kusa da {{Convert|50|m}} daga gefen wani kwarin. Dangane da batun haƙo kayan gini, ya lura cewa ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ke wannan aikin suna sanya hannu kan kwangiloli da OBUHA da kuma biyan haraji waɗanda za su taimaka wajen samar da kuɗaɗen gyaran kwarin. {{Sfn|Harerimana|2023}}

== Sauran abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2021, an kammala gadar dakatarwa ga masu tafiya a ƙasa a kan gadar Kanyosha tsakanin unguwar Busoro da ke yankin Kanyosha da unguwar Kinanira da ke yankin Musaga. Tsawonta ya kai {{Convert|78|m}} tsayi da {{Convert|1.2|m}} faɗin duniya. [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] ne ya ɗauki nauyin aikin kuma kamfanin Nepal, &quot;Bridge Technology&quot;, wanda kamfanin Switzerland, &quot;Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation&quot; ke kula da shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin aikin. {{Sfn|Nibitanga|2021}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kavuruga</title>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255382621|Kavuruga River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2937" sha1="0xhyaphsuo29znna97hyuviqqqr2qip" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kavuruga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Muyinga na kasar Burundi. Ita ce ta hagun [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kavuruga ya kai tsayin {{Convert|1427|m}} tsayi. inda kogunan Nyabihongo da Mugatama, a kowane gefen Rugazi suka haɗu, suka haɗu zuwa yammacin Muramba a Lardin Karuzi . {{Sfn|Buhinyuza USDMA}} {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Yana gudana a cikin wani tsari mai lanƙwasa a arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Muyinga zuwa Madatsar Ruwa ta Kavuruga, sannan kuma ɗan gajeren nisa zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kavuruga (313253519)}}

Kavuruga yana karbar Kwagatabo da Kibwirwa daga hagu (yamma), Rusabagi, Gasarara ( {{Convert|1399|m}} ) and Ntawuntunze ( {{Convert|1389|m}} ) daga dama (gabas), Gahomoka daga hagu, Nyarumasni daga dama, Kinyamaganda da Kagare daga hagu. Yana shiga Ruvubu da kimanin {{Convert|1343|m}} . {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, kogin ƙasa ya ratsa ta cikin wani fili mai fadin {{Convert|40|ha}} wanda ba a gina shi ba. {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kavuruga wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da ciyayi na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 214 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,170|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|178|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Tashar Wutar Lantarki ==
0.85&amp;nbsp;Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta MW Kayenzi Hydroelectric tana samar da wutar lantarki 1.3&amp;nbsp;Wutar lantarki mai karfin MWh a kowace shekara. An aiwatar da ita a shekarar 1984 kuma REGIDESO Burundi ce ke gudanar da ita. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development Report 2016}} An tsara ta ne don samar da wutar lantarki ga cibiyoyin biranen Muyinga da Cankuzo . {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tashar wutar lantarki tana samun ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Kavuruga, wacce aka gina tare da taimakon Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tafkin yana tsakanin kololuwar Nkoyoyo da Kayenzi. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}}

A cikin 2009 REGIDESO Burundi, hukumar ruwa da wutar lantarki, ta sanar da shirin sake gyara matatun wutar lantarki guda biyar da inganta hanyar sadarwa a [[Bujumbura]] . Tsire-tsire su ne 18 MW Rwegura shuka a kan Gitenge River ; 1.44 MW Nyemanga akan kogin Siguvyaye ; 850 kW Kayenzi akan kogin Kavuruga; 240 kW Marangara akan kogin Ndurumu ; da 72 kW [[Sanzu Hydroelectric Power Station|Sanzu]] akan kogin Sanzu . {{Sfn|Five Hydros Go to Rehab in Burundi}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844643</id>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255382621|Kavuruga River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2938" sha1="lkp3kekhbyqo0kvpuj4z73xcedxi532" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kavuruga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Muyinga na kasar Burundi. Ita ce ta hagun [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kavuruga ya kai tsayin {{Convert|1427|m}} tsayi. inda kogunan Nyabihongo da Mugatama, a kowane gefen Rugazi suka haɗu, suka haɗu zuwa yammacin Muramba a Lardin Karuzi . {{Sfn|Buhinyuza USDMA}} {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Yana gudana a cikin wani tsari mai lanƙwasa a arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Muyinga zuwa Madatsar Ruwa ta Kavuruga, sannan kuma ɗan gajeren nisa zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kavuruga (313253519)}}

6Kavuruga yana karbar Kwagatabo da Kibwirwa daga hagu (yamma), Rusabagi, Gasarara ( {{Convert|1399|m}} ) and Ntawuntunze ( {{Convert|1389|m}} ) daga dama (gabas), Gahomoka daga hagu, Nyarumasni daga dama, Kinyamaganda da Kagare daga hagu. Yana shiga Ruvubu da kimanin {{Convert|1343|m}} . {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, kogin ƙasa ya ratsa ta cikin wani fili mai fadin {{Convert|40|ha}} wanda ba a gina shi ba. {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kavuruga wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da ciyayi na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 214 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,170|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|178|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Tashar Wutar Lantarki ==
0.85&amp;nbsp;Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta MW Kayenzi Hydroelectric tana samar da wutar lantarki 1.3&amp;nbsp;Wutar lantarki mai karfin MWh a kowace shekara. An aiwatar da ita a shekarar 1984 kuma REGIDESO Burundi ce ke gudanar da ita. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development Report 2016}} An tsara ta ne don samar da wutar lantarki ga cibiyoyin biranen Muyinga da Cankuzo . {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tashar wutar lantarki tana samun ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Kavuruga, wacce aka gina tare da taimakon Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tafkin yana tsakanin kololuwar Nkoyoyo da Kayenzi. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}}

A cikin 2009 REGIDESO Burundi, hukumar ruwa da wutar lantarki, ta sanar da shirin sake gyara matatun wutar lantarki guda biyar da inganta hanyar sadarwa a [[Bujumbura]] . Tsire-tsire su ne 18 MW Rwegura shuka a kan Gitenge River ; 1.44 MW Nyemanga akan kogin Siguvyaye ; 850 kW Kayenzi akan kogin Kavuruga; 240 kW Marangara akan kogin Ndurumu ; da 72 kW [[Sanzu Hydroelectric Power Station|Sanzu]] akan kogin Sanzu . {{Sfn|Five Hydros Go to Rehab in Burundi}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2965" sha1="n6et2yks3f4gm0aacasd3v4jnqfp3uu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kavuruga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Muyinga na kasar Burundi. Ita ce ta hagun [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kavuruga ya kai tsayin {{Convert|1427|m}} tsayi. inda kogunan Nyabihongo da Mugatama, a kowane gefen Rugazi suka haɗu, suka haɗu zuwa yammacin Muramba a Lardin Karuzi . {{Sfn|Buhinyuza USDMA}} {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Yana gudana a cikin wani tsari mai lanƙwasa a arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Muyinga zuwa Madatsar Ruwa ta Kavuruga, sannan kuma ɗan gajeren nisa zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kavuruga (313253519)}}

6Kavuruga yana karbar Kwagatabo da Kibwirwa daga hagu (yamma), Rusabagi, Gasarara ( {{Convert|1399|m}} ) and Ntawuntunze ( {{Convert|1389|m}} ) daga dama (gabas), Gahomoka daga hagu, Nyarumasni daga dama, Kinyamaganda da Kagare daga hagu. Yana shiga Ruvubu da kimanin {{Convert|1343|m}} . {{Sfn|Muyinga USDMA}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, kogin ƙasa ya ratsa ta cikin wani fili mai fadin {{Convert|40|ha}} wanda ba a gina shi ba. {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kavuruga wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da ciyayi na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 214 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Maris, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,170|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|178|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Tashar Wutar Lantarki ==
0.85&amp;nbsp;Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta MW Kayenzi Hydroelectric tana samar da wutar lantarki 1.3&amp;nbsp;Wutar lantarki mai karfin MWh a kowace shekara. An aiwatar da ita a shekarar 1984 kuma REGIDESO Burundi ce ke gudanar da ita. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development Report 2016}} An tsara ta ne don samar da wutar lantarki ga cibiyoyin biranen Muyinga da Cankuzo . {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tashar wutar lantarki tana samun ruwa daga madatsar ruwa ta Kavuruga, wacce aka gina tare da taimakon Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}} Tafkin yana tsakanin kololuwar Nkoyoyo da Kayenzi. {{Sfn|Muyinga : les alentours du barrage}}

A cikin 2009 REGIDESO Burundi, hukumar ruwa da wutar lantarki, ta sanar da shirin sake gyara matatun wutar lantarki guda biyar da inganta hanyar sadarwa a [[Bujumbura]] . Tsire-tsire su ne 18 MW Rwegura shuka a kan Gitenge River ; 1.44 MW Nyemanga akan kogin Siguvyaye ; 850 kW Kayenzi akan kogin Kavuruga; 240 kW Marangara akan kogin Ndurumu ; da 72 kW [[Sanzu Hydroelectric Power Station|Sanzu]] akan kogin Sanzu . {{Sfn|Five Hydros Go to Rehab in Burundi}}

==manqzarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Ga-Selati</title>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1250510547|Ga-Selati River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Ga-Selati''' ko '''kogin Selati''' kogi ne a Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana hawa kan gangaren yamma mai tsauri na tsaunukan Wolkberg, wani ɓangare na sarkar Dutsen Drakensberg, kimanin nisan mil 20.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Tzaneen. Daga tushensa a cikin wannan yankin ruwan sama mai yawa, kogin yana gudana kusan gabas na kimanin kilomita 140 kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants kimanin kilomita 7 a kudancin garin Phalaborwa. 

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Ga-Selati sune [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]] da [[Mulati River|Kogin Mulati]], dukkansu suna haɗuwa da gefen dama. 

A lokacin rani, bakin kogin Ga-Selati ya bushe tsawon mafi yawan tsawonsa. Wannan kogin ya gurɓata sosai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Phalaborwa a ƙasan raminsa. 

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==

* [[Tours Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Tours]], a [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Ga-Selati RiverGa-Selati RiverGa-Selati RiverGa-Selati RiverGa-Selati River
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/10386/366/1/Ramollo%20PP%20MSc Kimanta Tasirin Ingancin Ruwa a Rayuwa]</text>
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      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
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'''Kogin Ga-Selati''' ko '''kogin Selati''' kogi ne a Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana hawa kan gangaren yamma mai tsauri na tsaunukan Wolkberg, wani ɓangare na sarkar Dutsen Drakensberg, kimanin nisan mil 20.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Tzaneen. Daga tushensa a cikin wannan yankin ruwan sama mai yawa, kogin yana gudana kusan gabas na kimanin kilomita 140 kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants kimanin kilomita 7 a kudancin garin Phalaborwa. 

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Ga-Selati sune [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]] da [[Mulati River|Kogin Mulati]], dukkansu suna haɗuwa da gefen dama. 

A lokacin rani, bakin kogin Ga-Selati ya bushe tsawon mafi yawan tsawonsa. Wannan kogin ya gurɓata sosai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Phalaborwa a ƙasan raminsa. 

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==

* [[Tours Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Tours]], a [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/10386/366/1/Ramollo%20PP%20MSc Kimanta Tasirin Ingancin Ruwa a Rayuwa]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844647</id>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Ga-Selati''' ko '''kogin Selati''' kogi ne a Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Tana hawa kan gangaren yamma mai tsauri na tsaunukan Wolkberg, wani ɓangare na sarkar Dutsen Drakensberg, kimanin nisan mil 20.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Tzaneen.&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt; Daga tushensa a cikin wannan yankin ruwan sama mai yawa, kogin yana gudana kusan gabas na kimanin kilomita 140 kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants kimanin kilomita 7 a kudancin garin Phalaborwa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Ga-Selati sune [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]] da [[Mulati River|Kogin Mulati]], dukkansu suna haɗuwa da gefen dama.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSelati/defaulttrib.htm South African Rivers - Selati River]&lt;/ref&gt; 

A lokacin rani, bakin kogin Ga-Selati ya bushe tsawon mafi yawan tsawonsa. Wannan kogin ya gurɓata sosai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Phalaborwa a ƙasan raminsa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==

* [[Tours Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Tours]], a [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/10386/366/1/Ramollo%20PP%20MSc Kimanta Tasirin Ingancin Ruwa a Rayuwa]</text>
      <sha1>tgrrafecwp0i6oz1zox6y78enfb4k9j</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844648</id>
      <parentid>844647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:03:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <text bytes="1952" sha1="e7y7gik5clsr44vdu1nx6i30o392vtg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Ga-Selati''' ko '''kogin Selati''' kogi ne a Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Tana hawa kan gangaren yamma mai tsauri na tsaunukan Wolkberg, wani ɓangare na sarkar Dutsen Drakensberg, kimanin nisan mil 20.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Tzaneen.&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt; Daga tushensa a cikin wannan yankin ruwan sama mai yawa, kogin yana gudana kusan gabas na kimanin kilomita 140 kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants kimanin kilomita 7 a kudancin garin Phalaborwa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Ga-Selati sune [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]] da [[Mulati River|Kogin Mulati]], dukkansu suna haɗuwa da gefen dama.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSelati/defaulttrib.htm South African Rivers - Selati River]&lt;/ref&gt; 

A lokacin rani, bakin kogin Ga-Selati ya bushe tsawon mafi yawan tsawonsa. Wannan kogin ya gurɓata sosai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Phalaborwa a ƙasan raminsa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==

* [[Tours Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Tours]], a [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/10386/366/1/Ramollo%20PP%20MSc Kimanta Tasirin Ingancin Ruwa a Rayuwa]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844649</id>
      <parentid>844648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dams a cikin kwarin */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2059" sha1="dsmc6qxyiflpmu0vmwwxtca86c5n3gj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Ga-Selati''' ko '''kogin Selati''' kogi ne a Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Tana hawa kan gangaren yamma mai tsauri na tsaunukan Wolkberg, wani ɓangare na sarkar Dutsen Drakensberg, kimanin nisan mil 20.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Tzaneen.&lt;ref&gt;[http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00334.pdf Hydrology and land use in the Ga-Selati catchment]&lt;/ref&gt; Daga tushensa a cikin wannan yankin ruwan sama mai yawa, kogin yana gudana kusan gabas na kimanin kilomita 140 kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Olifants kimanin kilomita 7 a kudancin garin Phalaborwa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Ga-Selati sune [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]] da [[Mulati River|Kogin Mulati]], dukkansu suna haɗuwa da gefen dama.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSelati/defaulttrib.htm South African Rivers - Selati River]&lt;/ref&gt; 

A lokacin rani, bakin kogin Ga-Selati ya bushe tsawon mafi yawan tsawonsa. Wannan kogin ya gurɓata sosai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Phalaborwa a ƙasan raminsa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html The Olifants River System; Ecoregions 4.03 &amp; 4.05 - Ecoregion and River Characteristics]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==

* [[Tours Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Tours]], a [[Ngwabitsi River|Kogin Ngwabitsi]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSelati/defaulttrib.htm South African Rivers - Selati River]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://ul.netd.ac.za/bitstream/10386/366/1/Ramollo%20PP%20MSc Kimanta Tasirin Ingancin Ruwa a Rayuwa]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Tongwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>844650</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:10:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1119358120|Tongwane River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="891" sha1="9rljxqs4wauir3jim2ky3mh3lbxaen0" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Tongwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi kudu maso gabashin Polokwane.

Wataƙila an sanya wa Kogin Tongwane suna ne bayan mayaƙan Mohlatlole waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a kusa da Mafefe a Limpopo a shekarun 1500.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844653</id>
      <parentid>844650</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:22:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844653</origin>
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      <text bytes="1504" sha1="iupr4ce26fbnd9suxkkq1oe34g1ldsq" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Tongwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi kudu maso gabashin Polokwane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wataƙila an sanya wa Kogin Tongwane suna ne bayan mayaƙan Mohlatlole waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a kusa da Mafefe a Limpopo a shekarun 1500.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844654</id>
      <parentid>844653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:22:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844654</origin>
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      <text bytes="1517" sha1="jh3eorcb2rg6wozjhubushe1tit6xz6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Tongwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma wani yanki ne na Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi kudu maso gabashin Polokwane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wataƙila an sanya wa Kogin Tongwane suna ne bayan mayaƙan Mohlatlole waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a kusa da Mafefe a Limpopo a shekarun 1500.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17-2.pdf Olifants and Steelpoort River Basins]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan ruwa na Buyo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153901</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844651</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:20:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1194925924|Buyo Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844651</origin>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Buyo''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Sassandra a gundumar Bas-Sassandra ta [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]] . An kammala ta a shekarar 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast - ENERGY |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6974.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; tana da tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai ƙarfin {{Convert|165|MW}}, wanda ya isa ya ba da iko ga gidaje 111,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-07-25 |title=Electrical Power in Côte d'Ivoire |url=http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108151854/http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm |archive-date=2009-01-08 |access-date=2009-08-01 |publisher=www.mbendi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dams in Africa |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=UN FAO}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buyo Hydroelectric Power Plant Cote dIvoire |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/form.php?pid=42575 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844652</id>
      <parentid>844651</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:21:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844652</origin>
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      <text bytes="1154" sha1="c0un8w18ehhmp4p4qqioqbhslpwx7vl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Buyo''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Sassandra a gundumar Bas-Sassandra ta [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]] . An kammala ta a shekarar 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast - ENERGY |url=http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6974.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; tana da tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai ƙarfin {{Convert|165|MW}}, wanda ya isa ya ba da iko ga gidaje 111,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-07-25 |title=Electrical Power in Côte d'Ivoire |url=http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108151854/http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm |archive-date=2009-01-08 |access-date=2009-08-01 |publisher=www.mbendi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dams in Africa |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=UN FAO}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buyo Hydroelectric Power Plant Cote dIvoire |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/form.php?pid=42575 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{waannan mukalar gajerace da bukatar akara fadadata}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashoshin jiragen ruwa da jiragen kasa na Mozambique</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153902</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844657</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:26:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349321550|Mozambique Ports and Railways]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844657</origin>
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'''Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique''' (a takaice '''CFM''' ; a Turanci '''Mozambique Ports and Railways''' ) kamfani ne na gwamnati wanda ke kula da tsarin layin dogo na [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke da alaƙa.

Tsarin layin dogo ya ƙunshi jimillar mutane 2,983&amp;nbsp;layin dogo na kilomita 1,067 mm    ma'aunin da ya dace da tsarin layin dogo na maƙwabta. Bugu da ƙari, akwai 140&amp;nbsp;layin kilomita na 762 mm    ma'aunin, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Gaza . 

Tsarin ya samar da sama da ƙarni ɗaya daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda uku daban-daban a [[Tekun Indiya]] waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tashoshi don layuka daban-daban zuwa yankin. Layin dogo sune manyan abubuwan da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu a lokacin [[Yaƙin Basasar Mozambik|Yaƙin Basasa na Mozambique]], RENAMO ta lalata su, kuma ana gyara su. An fi mayar da hankali kan harkokin gudanarwa a ƙasashen waje. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da jiragen ruwa wajen samar da kayayyaki ga kamfanoni daban-daban.  babu wani haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin layukan uku. Kowane layi yana da nasa hanyar ci gaba.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 2010, Mozambique da [[Botswana]] suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna don samar da 1,100&amp;nbsp;layin dogo mai nisan kilomita ta hanyar [[Zimbabwe]], don ɗaukar kwal daga Serule a Botswana zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi a Techobanine Point a Mozambique. 

== Layin dogo na Nacala / CFM Norte ==
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nacala ita ce tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Nacala, wacce ita ce sabuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa da aka ƙara wa tsarin jirgin ƙasa. An fara gina layin dogo a shekarar 1915 a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lumbo, amma kuɗi ya ƙare kuma ginin ya tsaya cak a Monapo . Lokacin da aka fara ginin, aka yanke shawarar cewa Nacala ce tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙarshe kuma aka gina reshe tsakanin Monapo da Nacala. Zuwa shekarar 1932, layin dogo ya kai mita 350.&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Nacala zuwa Mutivasse, kuma zuwa 1950 ya faɗaɗa zuwa Nova Freixo ( Cuamba ta yanzu), 538&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Nacala. Ƙarin kilomita 46&amp;nbsp;An gina kilomita zuwa arewa maso yamma zuwa Vila Cabral ( Lichinga ta yanzu).  A shekarar 1970, gwamnatin [[Malawi]] ta kammala hanyar haɗi tsakanin Nova Freixo da Mahadar Nkaya a Malawi, inda ta haɗu da babban layin dogo na layin dogo na Malawi Railways, wanda kuma ake kira da Sena Railway. Layin Nacala hanya ce mai tsayi amma kai tsaye daga Malawi zuwa teku fiye da tsohon layin Sena zuwa Beira, kuma yawancin zirga-zirgar jigilar kaya na Malawi sun koma layin Nacala. An rufe layin a shekarar 1984, lokacin da 'yan tawayen RENAMO suka tarwatsa wani ɓangare na layin a lokacin [[Yaƙin Basasar Mozambik|Yaƙin Basasa na Mozambique]] . 

Gwamnatin Mozambique ta fara gyaran layin dogo a watan Nuwamba na 2005.  Tsarin Layin Dogon Arewa ne ke gudanar da tsarin layin dogo. Vale ta sayi hannun jari a kamfanin a shekarar 2010 kuma ta tsara sabuwar hanyar haɗi daga Moatize, inda Vale ke da ma'adinan kwal, gabas zuwa Mahadar Nkaya, wadda ke haɗawa a can da layin da ke akwai zuwa Nacala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Railway Gazette: Mining drives African rail plans |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/mining-drives-african-rail-plans.html |access-date=2010-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gina shi a matsayin Hanyar Layin Dogon Nacala, kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2017. Aikin ya haɗa da tashar fitar da kwal da kuma wurin adana kwal a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nacala-a-Velha . &lt;ref name=&quot;rg 5/17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Nacala Corridor officially inaugurated |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/freight/single-view/view/nacala-corridor-officially-inaugurated.html |access-date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Railway Gazette International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Layin Macipanda / Cibiyar CFM ==
[[Fayil:MCF_Raebareli_Export.jpg|thumb|An ƙara sabbin motocin LHB a layin dogo na Mozambique]]
[[Beira]] ita ce tashar layin Machipanda, layin dogo mafi tsufa a Mozambique, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1899 a matsayin wani ɓangare na layin dogo na Beira-Bulawayo zuwa Kudancin Rhodesia, wanda yanzu ake [[Zimbabwe|kira Zimbabwe]], da hanyoyinsa. An yi hayar layin Machipanda ga Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Beira daga 2005 zuwa 2011.

== Layin Sena / Cibiyar CFM ==
Layin Sena ya haɗu da [[Malawi]] da kuma [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . Layin Malawi, tsakanin biranen Marka da Mchinji, yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Tsakiyar Afirka (CEAR). A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ke yankin Zambia, tsakanin biranen Mwami da Chipata, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Zambia (ZR) ne ke gudanar da layin. A cikin Mozambique, Layin Sena yana da reshe zuwa filayen kwal na Moatize, wanda kuma ya haɗu da layin Nacala.

== Layin dogo na Maputo / CFM Sul ==
[[Fayil:Train_timetable_of_Maputo.jpg|thumb|Jadawalin jirgin ƙasa na Maputo]]
[[Maputo]], wacce a da Lourenço Marques ce, da Matola su ne tashoshin layin Maputo da ke haɗe da yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Kamar ''Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Ressano Garcia'', layin Pretoria-Maputo yana ƙarƙashin kulawar NLBP (Sabuwar Aikin Gadar Limpopo) tare da Transnet Freight Rail da CPM da nufin gyara da kuma sarrafa layin zuwa kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu.  A Afirka ta Kudu, hanyar haɗin za ta tafi Komatipoort sannan kuma ta wuce [[Johannesburg]] . Layin Maputo kuma yana haɗuwa da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Eswatini da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Zimbabwe .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>44591</id>
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'''Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique''' (a takaice '''CFM''' ; a Turanci '''Mozambique Ports and Railways''' ) kamfani ne na gwamnati wanda ke kula da tsarin layin dogo na [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke da alaƙa.

Tsarin layin dogo ya ƙunshi jimillar mutane 2,983&amp;nbsp;layin dogo na kilomita 1,067 mm    ma'aunin da ya dace da tsarin layin dogo na maƙwabta. Bugu da ƙari, akwai 140&amp;nbsp;layin kilomita na 762 mm    ma'aunin, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Gaza . 

Tsarin ya samar da sama da ƙarni ɗaya daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda uku daban-daban a [[Tekun Indiya]] waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tashoshi don layuka daban-daban zuwa yankin. Layin dogo sune manyan abubuwan da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu a lokacin [[Yaƙin Basasar Mozambik|Yaƙin Basasa na Mozambique]], RENAMO ta lalata su, kuma ana gyara su. An fi mayar da hankali kan harkokin gudanarwa a ƙasashen waje. A wannan lokacin, ana amfani da jiragen ruwa wajen samar da kayayyaki ga kamfanoni daban-daban.  babu wani haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin layukan uku. Kowane layi yana da nasa hanyar ci gaba.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 2010, Mozambique da [[Botswana]] suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna don samar da 1,100&amp;nbsp;layin dogo mai nisan kilomita ta hanyar [[Zimbabwe]], don ɗaukar kwal daga Serule a Botswana zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi a Techobanine Point a Mozambique. 

== Layin dogo na Nacala / CFM Norte ==
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nacala ita ce tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Nacala, wacce ita ce sabuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa da aka ƙara wa tsarin jirgin ƙasa. An fara gina layin dogo a shekarar 1915 a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lumbo, amma kuɗi ya ƙare kuma ginin ya tsaya cak a Monapo . Lokacin da aka fara ginin, aka yanke shawarar cewa Nacala ce tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙarshe kuma aka gina reshe tsakanin Monapo da Nacala. Zuwa shekarar 1932, layin dogo ya kai mita 350.&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Nacala zuwa Mutivasse, kuma zuwa 1950 ya faɗaɗa zuwa Nova Freixo ( Cuamba ta yanzu), 538&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga Nacala. Ƙarin kilomita 46&amp;nbsp;An gina kilomita zuwa arewa maso yamma zuwa Vila Cabral ( Lichinga ta yanzu).  A shekarar 1970, gwamnatin [[Malawi]] ta kammala hanyar haɗi tsakanin Nova Freixo da Mahadar Nkaya a Malawi, inda ta haɗu da babban layin dogo na layin dogo na Malawi Railways, wanda kuma ake kira da Sena Railway. Layin Nacala hanya ce mai tsayi amma kai tsaye daga Malawi zuwa teku fiye da tsohon layin Sena zuwa Beira, kuma yawancin zirga-zirgar jigilar kaya na Malawi sun koma layin Nacala. An rufe layin a shekarar 1984, lokacin da 'yan tawayen RENAMO suka tarwatsa wani ɓangare na layin a lokacin [[Yaƙin Basasar Mozambik|Yaƙin Basasa na Mozambique]] . 

Gwamnatin Mozambique ta fara gyaran layin dogo a watan Nuwamba na 2005.  Tsarin Layin Dogon Arewa ne ke gudanar da tsarin layin dogo. Vale ta sayi hannun jari a kamfanin a shekarar 2010 kuma ta tsara sabuwar hanyar haɗi daga Moatize, inda Vale ke da ma'adinan kwal, gabas zuwa Mahadar Nkaya, wadda ke haɗawa a can da layin da ke akwai zuwa Nacala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Railway Gazette: Mining drives African rail plans |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/mining-drives-african-rail-plans.html |access-date=2010-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gina shi a matsayin Hanyar Layin Dogon Nacala, kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2017. Aikin ya haɗa da tashar fitar da kwal da kuma wurin adana kwal a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Nacala-a-Velha . &lt;ref name=&quot;rg 5/17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Nacala Corridor officially inaugurated |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/freight/single-view/view/nacala-corridor-officially-inaugurated.html |access-date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Railway Gazette International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Layin Macipanda / Cibiyar CFM ==
[[Fayil:MCF_Raebareli_Export.jpg|thumb|An ƙara sabbin motocin LHB a layin dogo na Mozambique]]
[[Beira]] ita ce tashar layin Machipanda, layin dogo mafi tsufa a Mozambique, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1899 a matsayin wani ɓangare na layin dogo na Beira-Bulawayo zuwa Kudancin Rhodesia, wanda yanzu ake [[Zimbabwe|kira Zimbabwe]], da hanyoyinsa. An yi hayar layin Machipanda ga Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Beira daga 2005 zuwa 2011.

== Layin Sena / Cibiyar CFM ==
Layin Sena ya haɗu da [[Malawi]] da kuma [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . Layin Malawi, tsakanin biranen Marka da Mchinji, yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Tsakiyar Afirka (CEAR). A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ke yankin Zambia, tsakanin biranen Mwami da Chipata, Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Zambia (ZR) ne ke gudanar da layin. A cikin Mozambique, Layin Sena yana da reshe zuwa filayen kwal na Moatize, wanda kuma ya haɗu da layin Nacala.

== Layin dogo na Maputo / CFM Sul ==
[[Fayil:Train_timetable_of_Maputo.jpg|thumb|Jadawalin jirgin ƙasa na Maputo]]
[[Maputo]], wacce a da Lourenço Marques ce, da Matola su ne tashoshin layin Maputo da ke haɗe da yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Kamar ''Kamfanin Jirgin Ƙasa na Ressano Garcia'', layin Pretoria-Maputo yana ƙarƙashin kulawar NLBP (Sabuwar Aikin Gadar Limpopo) tare da Transnet Freight Rail da CPM da nufin gyara da kuma sarrafa layin zuwa kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu.  A Afirka ta Kudu, hanyar haɗin za ta tafi Komatipoort sannan kuma ta wuce [[Johannesburg]] . Layin Maputo kuma yana haɗuwa da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Eswatini da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Zimbabwe .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Ouham</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1282931132|Ouham River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Ouham''' kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwan [[Kogin Chari]] . Kogin Ouham ya samo asali ne daga [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] tsakanin yankunan Nana-Mambere da Ouham-Pendé, inda ya ratsa zuwa [[Cadi|Chadi]] inda ya haɗu da Chari kimanin 25.&amp;nbsp;km arewa da [[Sarh]] . Tributaries sune [[Baba River (Ouham)|Baba]], [[Fafa River|Fafa]], [[Nana Bakassa]], da [[Kogin Nana Barya|Nana Barya]] .

== Tsarin Halittar Halitta ==
An lura da kwararar kogin tsawon shekaru 33 (1951-84) a Moïssala wani gari a Chadi kimanin shekaru 150.&amp;nbsp;km sama da bakin Chari.  A Moïssala, matsakaicin kwararar ruwa da aka lura a kowace shekara a wannan lokacin shine 480 m³ / s wanda yanki na kimanin 67,600 ya ciyar&amp;nbsp;{{Sup|2}} kimanin kashi 95% na jimillar yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin.&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
'''Matsakaicin kwararar kogin Sara a kowane wata a tashar ruwa ta Moïssala (a cikin m³ / s)''' (An ƙididdige ta amfani da bayanan na tsawon shekaru 33, 1951-84) &lt;timeline&gt;
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&lt;/timeline&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Shirin cika tafkin Chadi|Aikin sake cika tafkin Chadi]]
* [[Hanyar ruwa|Hanyar Ruwa]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Kogin Ouham''' kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwan [[Kogin Chari]] . Kogin Ouham ya samo asali ne daga [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] tsakanin yankunan Nana-Mambere da Ouham-Pendé, inda ya ratsa zuwa [[Cadi|Chadi]] inda ya haɗu da Chari kimanin 25.&amp;nbsp;km arewa da [[Sarh]] . Tributaries sune [[Baba River (Ouham)|Baba]], [[Fafa River|Fafa]], [[Nana Bakassa]], da [[Kogin Nana Barya|Nana Barya]] .

== Tsarin Halittar Halitta ==
An lura da kwararar kogin tsawon shekaru 33 (1951-84) a Moïssala wani gari a Chadi kimanin shekaru 150.&amp;nbsp;km sama da bakin Chari.  A Moïssala, matsakaicin kwararar ruwa da aka lura a kowace shekara a wannan lokacin shine 480 m³ / s wanda yanki na kimanin 67,600 ya ciyar&amp;nbsp;{{Sup|2}} kimanin kashi 95% na jimillar yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin.&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
'''Matsakaicin kwararar kogin Sara a kowane wata a tashar ruwa ta Moïssala (a cikin m³ / s)''' (An ƙididdige ta amfani da bayanan na tsawon shekaru 33, 1951-84) &lt;timeline&gt;
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&lt;/timeline&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Shirin cika tafkin Chadi|Aikin sake cika tafkin Chadi]]
* [[Hanyar ruwa|Hanyar Ruwa]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yopougon Stormwater Drain</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:30:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357054271|Yopougon Stormwater Drain]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4005" sha1="i9qip8yhnqlruua2cqwy69kun81y5ej" xml:space="preserve">'''Magudanar Ruwa ta Yopougon''' wani aikin samar da magudanar ruwa ne na ruwan sama wanda ke cikin kwamin Yopougon, a Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana aiwatar da ayyukan magudanar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), wani shiri na kula da ambaliyar ruwa da juriyar birane wanda Gwamnatin Côte d'Ivoire da Bankin Duniya ke tallafawa. 

== Bayani ==
Yopougon ta fuskanci matsalolin ambaliyar ruwa da suka shafi al'ummar yankin da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na birane. 

A cewar daraktan kayayyakin more rayuwa na Bankin Duniya Franz Drees-Gross, manyan matsalolin ambaliyar ruwa a yankin sun haifar da gina sabbin kayayyakin magudanar ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse |url=https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2024, jami'ai daga Bankin Duniya sun ziyarci wurin da ake gina magudanar ruwa a Yopougon. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ &quot;Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU | AbidjanTV.net | AbidjanTV.net&quot;]. 2024-12-10&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin ziyarar, Franz Drees-Gross ya bayyana cewa aikin ya haɗa da magudanar ruwa mai tsawon kusan kilomita huɗu. 

Jami'an aikin sun nuna cewa kimanin mutane 230,000 za su iya amfana daga ingantattun kayayyakin magudanar ruwa da matakan kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse |url=https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ &quot;Côte d'Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse&quot;] (in French). 2026-05-26&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4017" sha1="n4j6qatp6y0iymqbi29h2iqxa4cltmd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Magudanar Ruwa ta Yopougon''' wani aikin samar da magudanar ruwa ne na ruwan sama wanda ke cikin kwamin Yopougon, a Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana aiwatar da ayyukan magudanar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ''Projet d'Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine'' (PARU), wani shiri na kula da ambaliyar ruwa da juriyar birane wanda Gwamnatin Côte d'Ivoire da Bankin Duniya ke tallafawa. 

== Bayani ==
Yopougon ta fuskanci matsalolin ambaliyar ruwa da suka shafi al'ummar yankin da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na birane. 

A cewar daraktan kayayyakin more rayuwa na Bankin Duniya Franz Drees-Gross, manyan matsalolin ambaliyar ruwa a yankin sun haifar da gina sabbin kayayyakin magudanar ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse |url=https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2024, jami'ai daga Bankin Duniya sun ziyarci wurin da ake gina magudanar ruwa a Yopougon. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-10 |title=Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU {{!}} AbidjanTV.net {{!}} AbidjanTV.net |url=https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ &quot;Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU | AbidjanTV.net | AbidjanTV.net&quot;]. 2024-12-10&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin ziyarar, Franz Drees-Gross ya bayyana cewa aikin ya haɗa da magudanar ruwa mai tsawon kusan kilomita huɗu. 

Jami'an aikin sun nuna cewa kimanin mutane 230,000 za su iya amfana daga ingantattun kayayyakin magudanar ruwa da matakan kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Côte d’Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse |url=https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ &quot;Côte d'Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse&quot;] (in French). 2026-05-26&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345375807|Port of Djibouti]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="24822" sha1="cgfo2bg2kbiog24gk8vh8n4teqyzelv" xml:space="preserve">'''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]], babban birnin [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] . Tana da matukar muhimmanci a mahadar daya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, wacce ta hada [[Turai]], Gabas Mai Nisa, Gabashin Afirka da Tekun Farisa . Tashar jiragen ruwa tana aiki a matsayin babbar cibiyar jigilar mai da jigilar kaya da kuma hanyoyin sufuri, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar shiga teku don shigo da kaya daga makwabciyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ciafbdj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CIA World Factbook - Djibouti |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105205035/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |archive-date=January 5, 2021 |access-date=February 27, 2013 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa jiragen ruwa 2,500 ne ke wucewa ta tashar jiragen ruwa a kowace shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti ramps up efforts to get seafarers stranded by coronavirus off ships {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ramps-up-efforts-to-get-seafarers-stranded-by-coronavirus-off-ships/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tattalin arzikin Djibouti ya dogara sosai kan matsayin tashar jiragen ruwanta mai mahimmanci tunda kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun a duniya yana ratsa yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Afirka]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar jiragen ruwan ta kasance tsakiyar takaddamar shari'a tsakanin kamfanin DP World da gwamnatin Djibouti tun daga shekarar 2018, lokacin da aka soke yarjejeniyar tashar jiragen ruwan DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa da Yankuna Masu 'Yanci ta Djibouti (DPFZA) ita ce hukumar gwamnati da ke kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a ƙasar. Ƙungiyar kuma tana kula da yankunan 'yanci na ƙasa, tana aiki a matsayin hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanonin da ke aiki a ciki da sauran hukumomin gwamnati. Hukumar DPFZA tana ƙarƙashin Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa kuma a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin shugabancin Aboubaker Omar Hadi. &lt;ref name=&quot;DPFZA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DPFZA |url=http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130929153011/http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=29 September 2013 |publisher=Djibouti Ports &amp; Free Zones Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Message from the Chairman {{!}} DPFZA |url=http://www.dpfza.gov.dj/message-chairman |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.dpfza.gov.dj}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pilling |first=David |date=1 June 2021 |title=Two Ethiopian projects show 'railpolitik' in action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cc1dc93d-d3d0-4728-8521-14734199c58d |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasuwancin Habasha ===
Kashi 70 cikin 100 na kayan da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ana jigilar su ne zuwa ko daga Habasha, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 95% na kasuwancin waje na Habasha mara ruwa.   Tashar tasha ta rasa hanyar jirgin kasa kai tsaye zuwa Habasha lokacin da aka yi watsi da titin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti . Titin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda aka buɗe a cikin 2018, yana tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Doraleh da ke kusa. &lt;ref name=&quot;toprank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ivudria |first=Godfrey |date=2021-05-11 |title=Djibouti Port Ranked Top in Africa |url=https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034155/https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=East African Business Week |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pilling |first=David |date=1 June 2021 |title=Two Ethiopian projects show 'railpolitik' in action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cc1dc93d-d3d0-4728-8521-14734199c58d |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPilling2021&quot;&gt;Pilling, David (1 June 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, saboda Habasha ta dage cewa za a samar da wutar lantarki, tana fuskantar matsalolin wutar lantarki kuma ta haka ta ci gaba da kasancewa a bayan tsammanin isar da kayayyaki, tare da yawancin kayan da ke isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Habasha ta hanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Sojojin ruwan ƙasashen waje ===
Matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa a [[Tekun Aden]] mai mahimmanci ya sanya ta zama muhimmiyar sansanin soja ga sansanonin soja guda biyar na Manyan Daular, inda take samun dala miliyan 125 a kowace shekara a cikin hayar daga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Sin|China]], [[Faransa]], [[Japan]] da [[Italiya]] idan aka haɗa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa |url=https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Inside Arabia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSchipani2021&quot;&gt;Schipani, Andres (11 May 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka tana nan a tashar jiragen ruwa, bayan ta mayar da sansanin Lemonnier sansaninta na Afirka guda ɗaya tilo a ƙoƙarinta na yaƙi da Ta'addanci a Duniya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=US Military Bases in Djibouti |url=https://militarybases.com/overseas/djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Military Bases |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don magance barazanar ta'addanci da al-Shabaab, wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Somaliya mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda, ke haifarwa, da kuma yaƙi da 'yan fashin teku a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Degang |last2=Zoubir |first2=Yahia H. |date=2016 |title=The Eagle's Nest in the Horn of Africa: US Military Strategic Deployment in Djibouti |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=111–124 |doi=10.1177/000203971605100107 |issn=0002-0397 |jstor=43941307 |s2cid=156649121 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa tana da sojoji 5,000 a Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama babbar sansanin sojojin Faransa a ƙasashen waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa |url=https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Inside Arabia |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ &quot;Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Faransa kuma tana karɓar bakuncin Jamus da Spain yayin da Italiya ke da nata sansanin a ƙasar. Sansanin soja na ƙasashen waje ɗaya tilo da Japan ke da shi shi ma yana Djibouti kuma yanzu ana sa ran faɗaɗa shi a matsayin wani abu da zai mayar da martani ga ƙaruwar tasirin China. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=18 August 2017 |title=How a tiny African country became the world's key military base |url=https://qz.com/africa/1056257/how-a-tiny-african-country-became-the-worlds-key-military-base/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Sin|China]] ta bude sansanin tallafawa sojojin ruwanta kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke Djibouti a shekarar 2017, sansanin sojinta na farko a kasashen waje.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-20 |title=AFRICOM: Chinese Naval Base in Africa Set to Support Aircraft Carriers |url=https://news.usni.org/2021/04/20/africom-chinese-naval-base-in-africa-set-to-support-aircraft-carriers |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Jetty_of_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Katin Wasikar Faransa daga farkon ƙarni na 20: Jetty na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]] .]]
[[Fayil:Portdedjibouti.jpg|thumb|Jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]]
[[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] a matsayin babbar hanyar shiga teku kuma babbar hanyar ciniki tsakanin Gabas da Yamma ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru 3,500, lokacin binciken teku na [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port de Djibouti – PMAESA |url=https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tekun Ja wuri ne mai mahimmanci tsakanin Arewa maso Gabashin Afirka da [[Yankin Larabawa]], wuri ne na haɗuwa da wucewa da Masarawa, [[Phoenicia|Phoeniyanci]], Ptolemaists, [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]], Girkawa, [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantines]], Larabawa, sannan Turawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen neman hanyar kayan ƙanshi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI |url=https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amincewa da ita ta zo ne da buɗewar [[Suez canal|Madatsar Ruwa ta Suez]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Suez canal {{!}} Patrimoines Partagés تراث مشترك |url=https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/the-suez-canal-art |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=heritage.bnf.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tashar jiragen ruwan ta samo asali ne daga binciken da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ke yi na tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma gabar tekun Djibouti ta samar da hanyoyin shiga cikin sauƙi da kuma wuraren da za a iya ajiye jiragen ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A safe harbor in Djibouti - OPEC Fund for International Development |url=https://opecfund.org/news/a-safe-harbor-in-djibouti |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=OPEC Fund |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara aikin layin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti na Faransa-Ethiopia a shekarar 1897 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1917, inda ya haɗa babban birnin [[Addis Ababa]] na Habasha da tashar jiragen ruwan Djibouti. Kammala layin dogo ya ƙara yawan kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url-status=Volterra|access-date=Zaccaria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ci gaban tashar jiragen ruwa ya ƙaru tsakanin 1948 da 1957 ta hanyar gina magudanar ruwa guda huɗu masu zurfi da kuma haƙa hanyoyin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa. A kan ƙasa, an gina sabbin rumbunan ajiya da wuraren adana mai, an samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa da kuma shimfida layukan jirgin ƙasa.

A shekarar 1952, kamfanin mai na Faransa ''Pétroles de Somalie'' (wanda yanzu ake kira [[Total|Total SA]] ) ya gina jirgin ruwansa na farko, kuma a shekarar 1956, an kafa Mobil Oil a Djibouti.

Tsakanin 1960 da 1970, an haɓaka ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar sadarwa ta musayar jiragen ruwa ta duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port de Djibouti – PMAESA |url=https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ &quot;Port de Djibouti – PMAESA&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tekun Bahar Maliya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, kuma Djibouti ta sami kanta a matsayin tashar sabis. Yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ya ninka sau huɗu a cikin shekaru goma daga 1954, inda ya kai kololuwar tan miliyan 1.8 a 1965. 

Matsayin da Djibouti take da shi na musamman ya ba wa hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa damar mayar da tashar jiragen ruwa cibiyar yankin Tekun Ja da Tekun Indiya, da kuma Turai, Afirka da Asiya. Tsarin kwantena shi ne babban abin da ke bayan wannan sabon lokacin ci gaba kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta zamani ta farko ta Djibouti ta fara aiki a watan Fabrairun 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI |url=https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ &quot;Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994, Djibouti ta fuskanci yakin basasa wanda ya gurgunta tattalin arzikin kasar. A farkon shekarun 2000, layin dogo na Habasha da Djibouti ya lalace saboda rashin kulawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;modernisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.railway-technology.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan ==
Ta hanyar shirinta na Belt and Road, China ta zama muhimmiyar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga Djibouti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China Consolidates Its Commercial Foothold in Djibouti |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/china-consolidates-its-commercial-foothold-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 2011 da 2016, Sinawa sun gina layin dogo mai karfin ma'auni mai karfin gaske don maye gurbin layin dogo na Faransa na zamanin mulkin mallaka. Layin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti ya tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke kusa kuma ya dawo da hanyar jirgin kasa ta Habasha zuwa teku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China and Ethiopia, Part 2: The Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/china-and-ethiopia-part-2-the-addis-ababa-djibouti-railway/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-12 |title=On board the Chinese-built Ethiopia to Djibouti train |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2177559/board-chinese-built-ethiopia-djibouti-train-lesson |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne layin dogo na zamani na farko mai amfani da wutar lantarki a Gabashin Afirka. &lt;ref name=&quot;modernisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.railway-technology.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ &quot;Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Satumba na 2013, an fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Damerjog, wacce China Merchants Group da gwamnatin Djibouti suka dauki nauyin ginawa, kuma kamfanin gine-ginen farar hula na [[CCECC|China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation]] (CCECC) ne ya gina ta. Yanzu ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don dabbobi, layin jigilar kaya, wurin gyara jiragen ruwa, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Port SA - Damerjog Livestock Port - Details on ZAWYA MENA Edition |url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/project/180918040142/djibouti-port-sa-damerjog-livestock-port/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-09-13 |title=Djibouti Starts Construction of Two Major Ports |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-starts-construction-of-two-major-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wannan shekarar, an fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh yanzu ta rage cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali ta Djibouti, inda ta ƙara tan miliyan 29 na ƙarfin aiki a kowace shekara. 

A watan Janairun 2021, Bankin Duniya da kuma IHS Markit's Global Container Port Performance Index sun sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti a matsayin mafi kyawun tashar jiragen ruwa ta kwantena a Afirka kuma ta 61 a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Ranked Top Port In Africa In World Bank And Ihs Markit Report On Container Ports {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ranked-top-port-in-africa-in-world-bank-and-ihs-markit-report-on-container-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar rahoton, &quot;jiragen ruwa suna yin matsakaicin lokaci na ƙasa da kwana ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci a duniya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;toprank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ivudria |first=Godfrey |date=2021-05-11 |title=Djibouti Port Ranked Top in Africa |url=https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034155/https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=East African Business Week |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIvudria2021&quot;&gt;Ivudria, Godfrey (2021-05-11). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya ɗaga bege a cikin kula da tashar jiragen ruwa cewa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti za ta iya &quot;zama Singapore ta gaba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=1 June 2021 |title=Djibouti's port dream to become the 'Singapore of Africa' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/15aefce3-2e6b-4e1a-b480-bfc066f7d8dd |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2021, Kenya ta fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lamu wadda aka tsara don ƙirƙirar hanyar sufuri tsakanin tsibiran Lamu, Sudan ta Kudu da Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=New Kenyan Port Aims to Be East Africa's Biggest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-05-24/supply-chains-latest-new-kenyan-port-in-lamu-aims-to-be-east-africa-s-biggest |website=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Abishek |title=A Chinese-built port in the Indian Ocean: The story of Kenya's Lamu port |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/a-chinese-built-port-in-the-indian-ocean-the-story-of-kenyas-lamu-port/ |website=Observer Research Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin Gine-gine na China Communications ne ke gina tashar. Ganin cewa tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki, ana sa ran za ta jawo hankalin manyan layukan jigilar kaya kuma za ta iya fara gogayya da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kilaka |first=Benard Musembi |last2=Bachmann |first2=Jan |title=Kenya launches Lamu port. But its value remains an open question |url=http://theconversation.com/kenya-launches-lamu-port-but-its-value-remains-an-open-question-161301 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Takaddama ===
An yi suka ga tasirin da China ke yi a Djibouti, musamman ta hanyar sansanin sojinta, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a matsayin wanda ya fi amfanar da kwanciyar hankalin tsarin siyasa na yanzu fiye da na kasar kanta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=How Djibouti became a microcosm of China's growing foothold in Africa |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa/article/3044010/china-has-grand-strategic-plan-we-dont-how-djibouti-became |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Tiny but mighty: Djibouti's role in geopolitics {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.04.2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/tiny-but-mighty-djiboutis-role-in-geopolitics/a-57136069 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganin cewa jimillar jarin da China ta zuba a kasar ya kai dala miliyan 853 tsakanin 2005 da 2019 da kuma bashin kudi da China ke bin ta wanda ya yi daidai da kashi 30% &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSchipani2021&quot;&gt;Schipani, Andres (11 May 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na jimillar bashin Djibouti, China ta zama babbar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga kasar Afirka. Masu sharhi kan harkokin siyasa sun bayyana cewa wannan dogaro ba wai kawai yana damun kudin kasar ba ne, har ma da karuwar kasancewar sojojin China a kasar barazana ce ga zaman lafiyar yankin da ke da dabarun kasa.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Amy |title=Will Djibouti Become Latest Country to Fall Into China's Debt Trap? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/07/31/will-djibouti-become-latest-country-to-fall-into-chinas-debt-trap/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Yun |date=2018-10-02 |title=Djibouti: What Europe should understand of China's approach to military expansion |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/opinion/djibouti-what-europe-should-understand-of-chinas-approach-to-military-expansion/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.euractiv.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, yanayin saka hannun jari a ƙasashen waje na Djibouti ya shiga cikin shakku lokacin da gwamnatin Djibouti ta sayar da yarjejeniyar Doraleh Container Terminal, wacce a lokacin DP World ce ke kula da ita a Dubai, ga wani mai fafatawa da ita a China Merchants Ports Holdings. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=28 February 2019 |title=A legal tussle over a strategic African port sets up a challenge for China's Belt and Road plan |url=https://qz.com/africa/1560998/djibouti-dp-world-port-case-challenges-chinas-belt-and-road/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Fabrairun 2018, an soke yarjejeniyar DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa kuma an mayar da kadarorin DP World ga kamfanin gwamnati na China bayan wata sabuwar doka da ta ba da damar &quot;sake yin shawarwari da kuma dakatar da kwangilolin da aka kammala da suka shafi 'sarrafa ko gudanar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani'&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal |url=https://www.ft.com/content/de2d4d88-1867-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=DP World wins ruling against Djibouti over seized port |url=https://apnews.com/article/djibouti-middle-east-united-arab-emirates-ethiopia-dubai-8d3e1302a9e5f604c117653a70f67e78 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020, Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan DP World, inda ta bayyana cewa kwace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da Djibouti ta yi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma za a dawo da haƙƙoƙin mallaka na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally &quot;Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun ta riga ta umarci ƙasar da ta biya DP World diyyar dala miliyan 533. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jimilla, an yanke hukunci shida a tsawon shekaru don goyon bayan DP World, duk waɗanda gwamnatin Djibouti ta yi watsi da su, a cewar kamfanin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gibbon |first=Gavin |date=14 January 2020 |title=DP World wins sixth legal ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/transport/437554-dp-world-wins-sixth-legal-ruling-in-1bn-djibouti-port-dispute |website=Arabian Business}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kin amincewa da hukuncin a watan Janairun 2020, Djibouti ta miƙa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar ga China Merchants Ports Holdings. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="24839" sha1="t5zksy8d42kvy84agpuk55plt6jaw9m" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} the 
'''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti''' tashar jiragen ruwa ce da ke [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]], babban birnin [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] . Tana da matukar muhimmanci a mahadar daya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, wacce ta hada [[Turai]], Gabas Mai Nisa, Gabashin Afirka da Tekun Farisa . Tashar jiragen ruwa tana aiki a matsayin babbar cibiyar jigilar mai da jigilar kaya da kuma hanyoyin sufuri, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar shiga teku don shigo da kaya daga makwabciyar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ciafbdj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CIA World Factbook - Djibouti |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105205035/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/djibouti/ |archive-date=January 5, 2021 |access-date=February 27, 2013 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa jiragen ruwa 2,500 ne ke wucewa ta tashar jiragen ruwa a kowace shekara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti ramps up efforts to get seafarers stranded by coronavirus off ships {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ramps-up-efforts-to-get-seafarers-stranded-by-coronavirus-off-ships/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tattalin arzikin Djibouti ya dogara sosai kan matsayin tashar jiragen ruwanta mai mahimmanci tunda kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun a duniya yana ratsa yankin arewa maso gabashin [[Afirka]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar jiragen ruwan ta kasance tsakiyar takaddamar shari'a tsakanin kamfanin DP World da gwamnatin Djibouti tun daga shekarar 2018, lokacin da aka soke yarjejeniyar tashar jiragen ruwan DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa da Yankuna Masu 'Yanci ta Djibouti (DPFZA) ita ce hukumar gwamnati da ke kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a ƙasar. Ƙungiyar kuma tana kula da yankunan 'yanci na ƙasa, tana aiki a matsayin hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanonin da ke aiki a ciki da sauran hukumomin gwamnati. Hukumar DPFZA tana ƙarƙashin Ofishin Shugaban Ƙasa kuma a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin shugabancin Aboubaker Omar Hadi. &lt;ref name=&quot;DPFZA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DPFZA |url=http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130929153011/http://www.djiboutifz.com/en/about-us/partners/dpfza.html |archive-date=29 September 2013 |access-date=29 September 2013 |publisher=Djibouti Ports &amp; Free Zones Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Message from the Chairman {{!}} DPFZA |url=http://www.dpfza.gov.dj/message-chairman |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.dpfza.gov.dj}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pilling |first=David |date=1 June 2021 |title=Two Ethiopian projects show 'railpolitik' in action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cc1dc93d-d3d0-4728-8521-14734199c58d |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasuwancin Habasha ===
Kashi 70 cikin 100 na kayan da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ana jigilar su ne zuwa ko daga Habasha, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 95% na kasuwancin waje na Habasha mara ruwa.   Tashar tasha ta rasa hanyar jirgin kasa kai tsaye zuwa Habasha lokacin da aka yi watsi da titin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti . Titin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda aka buɗe a cikin 2018, yana tafiya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Doraleh da ke kusa. &lt;ref name=&quot;toprank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ivudria |first=Godfrey |date=2021-05-11 |title=Djibouti Port Ranked Top in Africa |url=https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034155/https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=East African Business Week |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pilling |first=David |date=1 June 2021 |title=Two Ethiopian projects show 'railpolitik' in action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cc1dc93d-d3d0-4728-8521-14734199c58d |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPilling2021&quot;&gt;Pilling, David (1 June 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, saboda Habasha ta dage cewa za a samar da wutar lantarki, tana fuskantar matsalolin wutar lantarki kuma ta haka ta ci gaba da kasancewa a bayan tsammanin isar da kayayyaki, tare da yawancin kayan da ke isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Habasha ta hanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Sojojin ruwan ƙasashen waje ===
Matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa a [[Tekun Aden]] mai mahimmanci ya sanya ta zama muhimmiyar sansanin soja ga sansanonin soja guda biyar na Manyan Daular, inda take samun dala miliyan 125 a kowace shekara a cikin hayar daga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Sin|China]], [[Faransa]], [[Japan]] da [[Italiya]] idan aka haɗa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa |url=https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Inside Arabia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSchipani2021&quot;&gt;Schipani, Andres (11 May 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka tana nan a tashar jiragen ruwa, bayan ta mayar da sansanin Lemonnier sansaninta na Afirka guda ɗaya tilo a ƙoƙarinta na yaƙi da Ta'addanci a Duniya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=US Military Bases in Djibouti |url=https://militarybases.com/overseas/djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Military Bases |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don magance barazanar ta'addanci da al-Shabaab, wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda ta Somaliya mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda, ke haifarwa, da kuma yaƙi da 'yan fashin teku a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Degang |last2=Zoubir |first2=Yahia H. |date=2016 |title=The Eagle's Nest in the Horn of Africa: US Military Strategic Deployment in Djibouti |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=111–124 |doi=10.1177/000203971605100107 |issn=0002-0397 |jstor=43941307 |s2cid=156649121 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa tana da sojoji 5,000 a Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama babbar sansanin sojojin Faransa a ƙasashen waje. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa |url=https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Inside Arabia |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://insidearabia.com/djibouti-a-busy-hub-of-foreign-military-bases-on-the-horn-of-africa/ &quot;Djibouti: A Busy Hub of Foreign Military Bases on the Horn of Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Faransa kuma tana karɓar bakuncin Jamus da Spain yayin da Italiya ke da nata sansanin a ƙasar. Sansanin soja na ƙasashen waje ɗaya tilo da Japan ke da shi shi ma yana Djibouti kuma yanzu ana sa ran faɗaɗa shi a matsayin wani abu da zai mayar da martani ga ƙaruwar tasirin China. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=18 August 2017 |title=How a tiny African country became the world's key military base |url=https://qz.com/africa/1056257/how-a-tiny-african-country-became-the-worlds-key-military-base/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Sin|China]] ta bude sansanin tallafawa sojojin ruwanta kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke Djibouti a shekarar 2017, sansanin sojinta na farko a kasashen waje.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-20 |title=AFRICOM: Chinese Naval Base in Africa Set to Support Aircraft Carriers |url=https://news.usni.org/2021/04/20/africom-chinese-naval-base-in-africa-set-to-support-aircraft-carriers |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Jetty_of_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Katin Wasikar Faransa daga farkon ƙarni na 20: Jetty na Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta [[Jibuti (birni)|Djibouti]] .]]
[[Fayil:Portdedjibouti.jpg|thumb|Jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]]
[[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]] a matsayin babbar hanyar shiga teku kuma babbar hanyar ciniki tsakanin Gabas da Yamma ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru 3,500, lokacin binciken teku na [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port de Djibouti – PMAESA |url=https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tekun Ja wuri ne mai mahimmanci tsakanin Arewa maso Gabashin Afirka da [[Yankin Larabawa]], wuri ne na haɗuwa da wucewa da Masarawa, [[Phoenicia|Phoeniyanci]], Ptolemaists, [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]], Girkawa, [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantines]], Larabawa, sannan Turawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen neman hanyar kayan ƙanshi . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI |url=https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amincewa da ita ta zo ne da buɗewar [[Suez canal|Madatsar Ruwa ta Suez]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Suez canal {{!}} Patrimoines Partagés تراث مشترك |url=https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/the-suez-canal-art |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=heritage.bnf.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tashar jiragen ruwan ta samo asali ne daga binciken da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ke yi na tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma gabar tekun Djibouti ta samar da hanyoyin shiga cikin sauƙi da kuma wuraren da za a iya ajiye jiragen ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A safe harbor in Djibouti - OPEC Fund for International Development |url=https://opecfund.org/news/a-safe-harbor-in-djibouti |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=OPEC Fund |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fara aikin layin dogo na Ethio-Djibouti na Faransa-Ethiopia a shekarar 1897 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1917, inda ya haɗa babban birnin [[Addis Ababa]] na Habasha da tashar jiragen ruwan Djibouti. Kammala layin dogo ya ƙara yawan kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url-status=Volterra|access-date=Zaccaria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ci gaban tashar jiragen ruwa ya ƙaru tsakanin 1948 da 1957 ta hanyar gina magudanar ruwa guda huɗu masu zurfi da kuma haƙa hanyoyin shiga tashar jiragen ruwa. A kan ƙasa, an gina sabbin rumbunan ajiya da wuraren adana mai, an samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa da kuma shimfida layukan jirgin ƙasa.

A shekarar 1952, kamfanin mai na Faransa ''Pétroles de Somalie'' (wanda yanzu ake kira [[Total|Total SA]] ) ya gina jirgin ruwansa na farko, kuma a shekarar 1956, an kafa Mobil Oil a Djibouti.

Tsakanin 1960 da 1970, an haɓaka ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar sadarwa ta musayar jiragen ruwa ta duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port de Djibouti – PMAESA |url=https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.pmaesa.org/member/port-de-djibouti/ &quot;Port de Djibouti – PMAESA&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tekun Bahar Maliya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin jigilar kaya mafi cunkoso a duniya, kuma Djibouti ta sami kanta a matsayin tashar sabis. Yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ya ninka sau huɗu a cikin shekaru goma daga 1954, inda ya kai kololuwar tan miliyan 1.8 a 1965. 

Matsayin da Djibouti take da shi na musamman ya ba wa hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa damar mayar da tashar jiragen ruwa cibiyar yankin Tekun Ja da Tekun Indiya, da kuma Turai, Afirka da Asiya. Tsarin kwantena shi ne babban abin da ke bayan wannan sabon lokacin ci gaba kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta zamani ta farko ta Djibouti ta fara aiki a watan Fabrairun 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI |url=https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.portdedjibouti.com/port-history/ &quot;Port History – PORT DE DJIBOUTI&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994, Djibouti ta fuskanci yakin basasa wanda ya gurgunta tattalin arzikin kasar. A farkon shekarun 2000, layin dogo na Habasha da Djibouti ya lalace saboda rashin kulawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;modernisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.railway-technology.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan ==
Ta hanyar shirinta na Belt and Road, China ta zama muhimmiyar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga Djibouti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China Consolidates Its Commercial Foothold in Djibouti |url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/china-consolidates-its-commercial-foothold-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 2011 da 2016, Sinawa sun gina layin dogo mai karfin ma'auni mai karfin gaske don maye gurbin layin dogo na Faransa na zamanin mulkin mallaka. Layin dogo na Addis Ababa-Djibouti ya tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da ke kusa kuma ya dawo da hanyar jirgin kasa ta Habasha zuwa teku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China and Ethiopia, Part 2: The Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/china-and-ethiopia-part-2-the-addis-ababa-djibouti-railway/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-12-12 |title=On board the Chinese-built Ethiopia to Djibouti train |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2177559/board-chinese-built-ethiopia-djibouti-train-lesson |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne layin dogo na zamani na farko mai amfani da wutar lantarki a Gabashin Afirka. &lt;ref name=&quot;modernisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.railway-technology.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/ethiopia-djibouti-railway-line-modernisation/ &quot;Ethiopia-Djibouti Railway Line Modernisation - Railway Technology&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Satumba na 2013, an fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Damerjog, wacce China Merchants Group da gwamnatin Djibouti suka dauki nauyin ginawa, kuma kamfanin gine-ginen farar hula na [[CCECC|China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation]] (CCECC) ne ya gina ta. Yanzu ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa don dabbobi, layin jigilar kaya, wurin gyara jiragen ruwa, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Port SA - Damerjog Livestock Port - Details on ZAWYA MENA Edition |url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/project/180918040142/djibouti-port-sa-damerjog-livestock-port/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.zawya.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-09-13 |title=Djibouti Starts Construction of Two Major Ports |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-starts-construction-of-two-major-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wannan shekarar, an fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh yanzu ta rage cunkoso a tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali ta Djibouti, inda ta ƙara tan miliyan 29 na ƙarfin aiki a kowace shekara. 

A watan Janairun 2021, Bankin Duniya da kuma IHS Markit's Global Container Port Performance Index sun sanya tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti a matsayin mafi kyawun tashar jiragen ruwa ta kwantena a Afirka kuma ta 61 a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Djibouti Ranked Top Port In Africa In World Bank And Ihs Markit Report On Container Ports {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/djibouti-ranked-top-port-in-africa-in-world-bank-and-ihs-markit-report-on-container-ports/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar rahoton, &quot;jiragen ruwa suna yin matsakaicin lokaci na ƙasa da kwana ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci a duniya&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;toprank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ivudria |first=Godfrey |date=2021-05-11 |title=Djibouti Port Ranked Top in Africa |url=https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615034155/https://www.busiweek.com/djibouti-port-ranked-top-in-africa/ |archive-date=June 15, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=East African Business Week |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIvudria2021&quot;&gt;Ivudria, Godfrey (2021-05-11). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya ɗaga bege a cikin kula da tashar jiragen ruwa cewa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti za ta iya &quot;zama Singapore ta gaba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=1 June 2021 |title=Djibouti's port dream to become the 'Singapore of Africa' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/15aefce3-2e6b-4e1a-b480-bfc066f7d8dd |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayun 2021, Kenya ta fara aikin gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lamu wadda aka tsara don ƙirƙirar hanyar sufuri tsakanin tsibiran Lamu, Sudan ta Kudu da Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=New Kenyan Port Aims to Be East Africa's Biggest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-05-24/supply-chains-latest-new-kenyan-port-in-lamu-aims-to-be-east-africa-s-biggest |website=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Abishek |title=A Chinese-built port in the Indian Ocean: The story of Kenya's Lamu port |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/a-chinese-built-port-in-the-indian-ocean-the-story-of-kenyas-lamu-port/ |website=Observer Research Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin Gine-gine na China Communications ne ke gina tashar. Ganin cewa tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki, ana sa ran za ta jawo hankalin manyan layukan jigilar kaya kuma za ta iya fara gogayya da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kilaka |first=Benard Musembi |last2=Bachmann |first2=Jan |title=Kenya launches Lamu port. But its value remains an open question |url=http://theconversation.com/kenya-launches-lamu-port-but-its-value-remains-an-open-question-161301 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Takaddama ===
An yi suka ga tasirin da China ke yi a Djibouti, musamman ta hanyar sansanin sojinta, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a matsayin wanda ya fi amfanar da kwanciyar hankalin tsarin siyasa na yanzu fiye da na kasar kanta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-12-31 |title=How Djibouti became a microcosm of China's growing foothold in Africa |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa/article/3044010/china-has-grand-strategic-plan-we-dont-how-djibouti-became |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Tiny but mighty: Djibouti's role in geopolitics {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.04.2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/tiny-but-mighty-djiboutis-role-in-geopolitics/a-57136069 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganin cewa jimillar jarin da China ta zuba a kasar ya kai dala miliyan 853 tsakanin 2005 da 2019 da kuma bashin kudi da China ke bin ta wanda ya yi daidai da kashi 30% &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schipani |first=Andres |date=11 May 2021 |title=Spying and stability: Djibouti thrives in 'return to cold war' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/418b5250-f7fa-4ad3-837f-871dd259ec87 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSchipani2021&quot;&gt;Schipani, Andres (11 May 2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na jimillar bashin Djibouti, China ta zama babbar abokiyar ciniki da soja ga kasar Afirka. Masu sharhi kan harkokin siyasa sun bayyana cewa wannan dogaro ba wai kawai yana damun kudin kasar ba ne, har ma da karuwar kasancewar sojojin China a kasar barazana ce ga zaman lafiyar yankin da ke da dabarun kasa.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Amy |title=Will Djibouti Become Latest Country to Fall Into China's Debt Trap? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/07/31/will-djibouti-become-latest-country-to-fall-into-chinas-debt-trap/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Yun |date=2018-10-02 |title=Djibouti: What Europe should understand of China's approach to military expansion |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/opinion/djibouti-what-europe-should-understand-of-chinas-approach-to-military-expansion/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.euractiv.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, yanayin saka hannun jari a ƙasashen waje na Djibouti ya shiga cikin shakku lokacin da gwamnatin Djibouti ta sayar da yarjejeniyar Doraleh Container Terminal, wacce a lokacin DP World ce ke kula da ita a Dubai, ga wani mai fafatawa da ita a China Merchants Ports Holdings. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=28 February 2019 |title=A legal tussle over a strategic African port sets up a challenge for China's Belt and Road plan |url=https://qz.com/africa/1560998/djibouti-dp-world-port-case-challenges-chinas-belt-and-road/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Quartz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Fabrairun 2018, an soke yarjejeniyar DP World ta hanyar umarnin shugaban ƙasa kuma an mayar da kadarorin DP World ga kamfanin gwamnati na China bayan wata sabuwar doka da ta ba da damar &quot;sake yin shawarwari da kuma dakatar da kwangilolin da aka kammala da suka shafi 'sarrafa ko gudanar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani'&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=DP World accuses Djibouti of illegally seizing container terminal |url=https://www.ft.com/content/de2d4d88-1867-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 |website=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=DP World wins ruling against Djibouti over seized port |url=https://apnews.com/article/djibouti-middle-east-united-arab-emirates-ethiopia-dubai-8d3e1302a9e5f604c117653a70f67e78 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=AP NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020, Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan DP World, inda ta bayyana cewa kwace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh da Djibouti ta yi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma za a dawo da haƙƙoƙin mallaka na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ruling-by-london-tribunal-says-djibouti-acted-illegally &quot;Ruling by London Tribunal Says Djibouti Acted Illegally&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kotun ta riga ta umarci ƙasar da ta biya DP World diyyar dala miliyan 533. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jimilla, an yanke hukunci shida a tsawon shekaru don goyon bayan DP World, duk waɗanda gwamnatin Djibouti ta yi watsi da su, a cewar kamfanin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gibbon |first=Gavin |date=14 January 2020 |title=DP World wins sixth legal ruling in $1bn Djibouti port dispute |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/transport/437554-dp-world-wins-sixth-legal-ruling-in-1bn-djibouti-port-dispute |website=Arabian Business}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kin amincewa da hukuncin a watan Janairun 2020, Djibouti ta miƙa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar ga China Merchants Ports Holdings. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Dam din Moukoulou</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1241392441|Moukoukoulou Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6410" sha1="beqjrh4ofksukqqewoocj7172i7bfeb" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Moukoukoulou''' madatsar ruwa ce ta samar da wutar lantarki a kogin Bouenza da ke [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]], wacce kwararrun kasar Sin suka gina kuma aka ba ta izinin samar da wutar lantarki ga [[Pointe-Noire]] a shekarar 1979. Ita ce babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki a kudancin kasar. Saboda rashin daidaiton ruwa da kuma rashin kula da tashar da hanyoyin sadarwa, sau da yawa tana samar da kasa da megawatts 74 da aka saba bayarwa.

== Fasaha ==
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Moukoukoulou ta ƙunshi madatsar ruwa ta siminti mai hanyar zubar ruwa kyauta, wurin shan ruwa mai kyau da aka sanya wa layukan wutar lantarki, bawuloli na kai, bututun samar da ruwa da bututun penstock, wurin aiki da kuma tashar waje. Tsawon digo na musamman shine {{Convert|68|m}} . {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}} Cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki tana da saitin injin turbine/janerata guda huɗu masu ƙarfin megawatt 18.5, wanda ke ba da jimlar ƙarfin megawatt 74. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Akwai na'urori masu canza wutar lantarki guda biyu masu ƙarfin megavolt-ampere guda biyu, tare da saiti biyu a kowace na'ura mai canza wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa shine kilovolt 11 kuma ƙarfin fitarwa shine kilovolt 110. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Ana shigar da wutar lantarki cikin hanyar sadarwa ta watsa wutar lantarki wacce ta haɗa da tashoshin masu canza wutar lantarki 110 kV a Bouenza Il, Nkayi da Loudima, da tashoshin masu canza wutar lantarki 35 kV a Loutété, Madingou da Dolisie . {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}}

A shekarar 1985, masana'antar ta sami matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 400.&amp;nbsp;GWh/shekara, amma rabin hakan ne kawai hanyar sadarwa ta mamaye saboda rashin haɗin kai da [[Brazzaville]] . {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Kimanin 240&amp;nbsp;An samar da GWh a lokacin damina, kuma 160&amp;nbsp;GWh a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} A lokacin ƙarancin ruwa na Yuni, Yuli da Agusta, wutar lantarki da aka tabbatar ba za ta wuce 30 ba&amp;nbsp;MW. Wani rahoto na 2004 ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar tsarin riƙe ruwa don tabbatar da cikakken fitarwa na wutar lantarki a duk shekara. {{Sfn|Projet PRC 98 / G31}}

== Tarihi ==
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Moukoukoulou ita ce mafi muhimmanci a ƙasar. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} An fara ginawa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Marien Ngouabi a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Sin da Kongo . {{Sfn|Bissila|2016}} Ma'aikatan China ne suka gina madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1974. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} An ƙaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki a shekarar 1979. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Bayan kammala aikin, ta zama babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Jamhuriyar Kongo.  : 53 

Wani rahoto na UNDP / Bankin Duniya na 1988 ya lura cewa tashar wutar lantarki ta Moukoukoulou tana cikin mawuyacin hali. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Layin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya mai ƙarfin 225 kW/110 kV ya haɗa Moukoukoulou da [[Pointe-Noire]], don haka wannan birnin yana fuskantar matsalar gazawar wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Société Nationale d'Electricité (SNE) tana da hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyu masu zaman kansu, ɗaya a Brazzaville ɗayan kuma a Pointe-Noire. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} A 225&amp;nbsp;Ana sa ran layin kV da ke haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa zai fara aiki a ƙarshen 1988. Wannan zai ba da damar a tura ƙarin ƙarfin Moukoukoulou zuwa Brazzaville da kuma rage buƙatar shigo da kayayyaki daga Zaire. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} An buƙaci aiki mai yawa a Moukoukoulou kan kayan aiki na taimako kuma dole ne a warware wasu matsaloli don inganta fitarwa da aminci. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}}

A watan Afrilun 1998, 'yan tawayen Cocoye suka kwace madatsar ruwa ta Moukoukoulou Hydroelectric, inda suka kashe ma'aikata da dama tare da katse wutar lantarki zuwa Pointe-Noire na tsawon makonni da dama. {{Sfn|Republic of Congo Civil War}} Masana'antar ta lalace, kuma tun daga lokacin ta samar da 25 kawai.&amp;nbsp;MW. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} A watan Afrilun 2002, wani bore da sojojin gwamnati 21 suka yi suna neman a biya su albashinsu ya haifar da yanke wutar lantarki daga madatsar ruwan Moukoukoulou. Wannan ya haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki a kudancin kasar. A ranar 2 ga Mayun 2002, an kori sojojin daga aikin soja. {{Sfn|The Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) 2003}}

Wani rahoto na OECD na shekarar 2005 ya lura cewa a lokacin yakin basasar, an lalata tasoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa sosai, kuma akwai karancin ruwa da wutar lantarki mai tsanani. Kayan aikin SNE sun ragu kuma suna aiki da kashi 1/3 kawai na karfinsu. {{Sfn|Congo Republic OECD 2005}} Ana sa ran za a fara gyaran layin wutar lantarki mai karfin lantarki tsakanin Moukoukoulou da Brazzaville nan ba da jimawa ba. {{Sfn|Congo Republic OECD 2005}}

A watan Mayun 2007, Shugaba Denis Sassou Nguesso ya ziyarci Moukoukoukoulou, inda aka gyara dukkan janareto huɗu na turbine akan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 12, kodayake aikin transfoma bai kammala ba tukuna. Lalacewar da aka samu a hanyar sadarwa ta watsa wutar lantarki ta hana wutar lantarki isa Brazzaville, wacce ke dogaro da wutar lantarki daga masana'antun Inga a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} Masu fasaha na China ne suka gudanar da aikin gyaran tare da tallafin kuɗi na CFA biliyan 6 daga gwamnatin Kongo. {{Sfn|Bissila|2016}}

A shekarar 2017, shugaban SNE, Eugène Ondzambe Ngoyi, ya nemi gwamnati da ta ba da kuɗin yin gyaran gaba ɗaya ga kayan aikin a Moukoukoulou. Tun daga shekarar 1979, an yi gyare-gyare sau uku kacal a cikin shekaru 34, kodayake ana ba da shawarar a yi duk bayan shekaru huɗu. {{Sfn|Kissinger|2017}} A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2018, an rushe SNE kuma aka mayar da kadarorinta da ma'aikatanta zuwa sabon kamfanin Energie Electrique du Congo (E2C). {{Sfn|Historique E2C}} A watan Oktoba na 2018, Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Hydraulics ta gayyaci kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da su gyara, sabunta da kuma gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Moukoukoulou. {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6422" sha1="8q8z4gnxfhismzwvbmg8oggn4p5m46u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Moukoukoulou''' madatsar ruwa ce ta samar da wutar lantarki a kogin Bouenza da ke [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]], wacce kwararrun kasar Sin suka gina kuma aka ba ta izinin samar da wutar lantarki ga [[Pointe-Noire]] a shekarar 1979. Ita ce babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki a kudancin kasar. Saboda rashin daidaiton ruwa da kuma rashin kula da tashar da hanyoyin sadarwa, sau da yawa tana samar da kasa da megawatts 74 da aka saba bayarwa.

== Fasaha ==
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Moukoukoulou ta ƙunshi madatsar ruwa ta siminti mai hanyar zubar ruwa kyauta, wurin shan ruwa mai kyau da aka sanya wa layukan wutar lantarki, bawuloli na kai, bututun samar da ruwa da bututun penstock, wurin aiki da kuma tashar waje. Tsawon digo na musamman shine {{Convert|68|m}} . {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}} Cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki tana da saitin injin turbine/janerata guda huɗu masu ƙarfin megawatt 18.5, wanda ke ba da jimlar ƙarfin megawatt 74. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Akwai na'urori masu canza wutar lantarki guda biyu masu ƙarfin megavolt-ampere guda biyu, tare da saiti biyu a kowace na'ura mai canza wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na fitarwa shine kilovolt 11 kuma ƙarfin fitarwa shine kilovolt 110. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Ana shigar da wutar lantarki cikin hanyar sadarwa ta watsa wutar lantarki wacce ta haɗa da tashoshin masu canza wutar lantarki 110 kV a Bouenza Il, Nkayi da Loudima, da tashoshin masu canza wutar lantarki 35 kV a Loutété, Madingou da Dolisie . {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}}

A shekarar 1985, masana'antar ta sami matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 400.&amp;nbsp;GWh/shekara, amma rabin hakan ne kawai hanyar sadarwa ta mamaye saboda rashin haɗin kai da [[Brazzaville]] . {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Kimanin 240&amp;nbsp;An samar da GWh a lokacin damina, kuma 160&amp;nbsp;GWh a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} A lokacin ƙarancin ruwa na Yuni, Yuli da Agusta, wutar lantarki da aka tabbatar ba za ta wuce 30 ba&amp;nbsp;MW. Wani rahoto na 2004 ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar tsarin riƙe ruwa don tabbatar da cikakken fitarwa na wutar lantarki a duk shekara. {{Sfn|Projet PRC 98 / G31}}

== Tarihi ==
Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Moukoukoulou ita ce mafi muhimmanci a ƙasar. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} An fara ginawa a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Marien Ngouabi a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Sin da Kongo . {{Sfn|Bissila|2016}} Ma'aikatan China ne suka gina madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1974. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} An ƙaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki a shekarar 1979. {{Sfn|Moukoukoulou E2C}} Bayan kammala aikin, ta zama babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a Jamhuriyar Kongo.  : 53 

Wani rahoto na UNDP / Bankin Duniya na 1988 ya lura cewa tashar wutar lantarki ta Moukoukoulou tana cikin mawuyacin hali. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Layin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya mai ƙarfin 225 kW/110 kV ya haɗa Moukoukoulou da [[Pointe-Noire]], don haka wannan birnin yana fuskantar matsalar gazawar wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} Société Nationale d'Electricité (SNE) tana da hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyu masu zaman kansu, ɗaya a Brazzaville ɗayan kuma a Pointe-Noire. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} A 225&amp;nbsp;Ana sa ran layin kV da ke haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa zai fara aiki a ƙarshen 1988. Wannan zai ba da damar a tura ƙarin ƙarfin Moukoukoulou zuwa Brazzaville da kuma rage buƙatar shigo da kayayyaki daga Zaire. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}} An buƙaci aiki mai yawa a Moukoukoulou kan kayan aiki na taimako kuma dole ne a warware wasu matsaloli don inganta fitarwa da aminci. {{Sfn|Congo: Issues and Options in the Energy Sector}}

A watan Afrilun 1998, 'yan tawayen Cocoye suka kwace madatsar ruwa ta Moukoukoulou Hydroelectric, inda suka kashe ma'aikata da dama tare da katse wutar lantarki zuwa Pointe-Noire na tsawon makonni da dama. {{Sfn|Republic of Congo Civil War}} Masana'antar ta lalace, kuma tun daga lokacin ta samar da 25 kawai.&amp;nbsp;MW. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} A watan Afrilun 2002, wani bore da sojojin gwamnati 21 suka yi suna neman a biya su albashinsu ya haifar da yanke wutar lantarki daga madatsar ruwan Moukoukoulou. Wannan ya haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki a kudancin kasar. A ranar 2 ga Mayun 2002, an kori sojojin daga aikin soja. {{Sfn|The Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) 2003}}

Wani rahoto na OECD na shekarar 2005 ya lura cewa a lokacin yakin basasar, an lalata tasoshin wutar lantarki na ruwa sosai, kuma akwai karancin ruwa da wutar lantarki mai tsanani. Kayan aikin SNE sun ragu kuma suna aiki da kashi 1/3 kawai na karfinsu. {{Sfn|Congo Republic OECD 2005}} Ana sa ran za a fara gyaran layin wutar lantarki mai karfin lantarki tsakanin Moukoukoulou da Brazzaville nan ba da jimawa ba. {{Sfn|Congo Republic OECD 2005}}

A watan Mayun 2007, Shugaba Denis Sassou Nguesso ya ziyarci Moukoukoukoulou, inda aka gyara dukkan janareto huɗu na turbine akan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 12, kodayake aikin transfoma bai kammala ba tukuna. Lalacewar da aka samu a hanyar sadarwa ta watsa wutar lantarki ta hana wutar lantarki isa Brazzaville, wacce ke dogaro da wutar lantarki daga masana'antun Inga a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. {{Sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} Masu fasaha na China ne suka gudanar da aikin gyaran tare da tallafin kuɗi na CFA biliyan 6 daga gwamnatin Kongo. {{Sfn|Bissila|2016}}

A shekarar 2017, shugaban SNE, Eugène Ondzambe Ngoyi, ya nemi gwamnati da ta ba da kuɗin yin gyaran gaba ɗaya ga kayan aikin a Moukoukoulou. Tun daga shekarar 1979, an yi gyare-gyare sau uku kacal a cikin shekaru 34, kodayake ana ba da shawarar a yi duk bayan shekaru huɗu. {{Sfn|Kissinger|2017}} A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2018, an rushe SNE kuma aka mayar da kadarorinta da ma'aikatanta zuwa sabon kamfanin Energie Electrique du Congo (E2C). {{Sfn|Historique E2C}} A watan Oktoba na 2018, Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Hydraulics ta gayyaci kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da su gyara, sabunta da kuma gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Moukoukoulou. {{Sfn|Réhabilitation, la modernisation et l'exploitation...}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Oanob</title>
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    <id>153907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844667</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:40:40Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256755471|Oanob Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Oanob_Lake_Resort.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Wurin shakatawa na Tafkin Oanob]]
[[Fayil:Lake_Oanob_Bird´s_eye_view.jpg|thumb|Kallon sama na Tafkin Oanob (2017)]]
'''Madatsar ruwa ta Oanob''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ke wajen Rehoboth, Yankin Hardap, [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Tana da {{Convert|7|km}} a wajen Rehoboth, tana matse [[Oanob River|kogin Oanob]] kuma tana wadatar da garin da mafi yawan ruwansa. Tana da karfin {{Convert|34505000|m3}}    kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1990, shekarar 'yancin kai ta Namibia. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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[[Fayil:Oanob_Lake_Resort.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Wurin shakatawa na Tafkin Oanob]]
[[Fayil:Lake_Oanob_Bird´s_eye_view.jpg|thumb|Kallon sama na Tafkin Oanob (2017)]]
'''Madatsar ruwa ta Oanob''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ke wajen Rehoboth, Yankin Hardap, [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Tana da {{Convert|7|km}} a wajen Rehoboth, tana matse [[Oanob River|kogin Oanob]] kuma tana wadatar da garin da mafi yawan ruwansa. Tana da karfin {{Convert|34505000|m3}}    kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1990, shekarar 'yancin kai ta Namibia. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Garafiri</title>
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    <id>153908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844669</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:47:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1264195347|Garafiri Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Garafiri''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Kogin Konkouré|kogin Konkoure]] wadda ke iyaka tsakanin yankunan Kindia da Mamou na [[Gini|Guinea]] . Salini Impregilo ne ya gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 1995 da 1999 domin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da kuma samar da ruwa. Tashar wutar lantarki ta lalace a shekarar 2002 amma an gyara ta jim kaɗan bayan haka. Tashar wutar lantarki tana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin {{Convert|75|MW}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Garafiri dam |url=http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029103355/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html |archive-date=29 October 2016 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=Salini Impregilo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-africa-w.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http%3A//www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=IndustCards}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dams in Africa |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=UN FAO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
 

* Makamashi a Guinea
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Guinea

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Garafiri''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan [[Kogin Konkouré|kogin Konkoure]] wadda ke iyaka tsakanin yankunan Kindia da Mamou na [[Gini|Guinea]] . Salini Impregilo ne ya gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 1995 da 1999 domin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da kuma samar da ruwa. Tashar wutar lantarki ta lalace a shekarar 2002 amma an gyara ta jim kaɗan bayan haka. Tashar wutar lantarki tana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin {{Convert|75|MW}} . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Garafiri dam |url=http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029103355/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html |archive-date=29 October 2016 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=Salini Impregilo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-africa-w.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http%3A//www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=IndustCards}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dams in Africa |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=UN FAO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
 

* Makamashi a Guinea
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Guinea

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mereb</title>
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    <id>153909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844671</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T15:49:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323637087|Mereb River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Mereb''' ( Italian   ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''Kogin Gash''' ( Arabic   ), kogi ne da ke kwarara daga tsakiyar [[Eritrea]] . Babban mahimmancinsa shine ayyana wani ɓangare na iyakar da ke tsakanin Eritrea da [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tsakanin wurin da Mai Ambassa ya shiga kogin a

== Kwas ɗin ==
A cewar ''kididdigar kididdiga ta Habasha ta shekarar 1967/68'', Kogin Mereb yana da {{Convert|440|km}} tsayi. [[Ministry of Water Resources (Ethiopia)|Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa]] ta Habasha ta ba da rahoton cewa yankin ruwanta na Habasha ya kai {{Convert|5700|km²}}, tare da kwararar ruwa ta shekara-shekara ta mita cubic biliyan 0.26.  Wasu majiyoyi suna magana game da magudanar ruwa ta {{Convert|21000|km²}} zuwa {{Convert|44000|km²}} a ko'ina, da kuma fitar da ruwa na {{Convert|21.6|m³/s}} a matsakaici a cikin shekara, kuma {{Convert|870|m³/s}} a cikin kololuwa.  Ruwanta yana tashi kudu maso yammacin Asmara a tsakiyar Eritrea. Tana kwarara kudu, tana iyaka da Habasha, sannan yamma ta ratsa yammacin Eritrea don isa filayen [[Sudan]] kusa da Kassala . Ba kamar kogunan [[Kogin Tekezé|Setit]] ko [[Kogin Tekezé|Takazze]] ba, waɗanda ke kwarara daga Habasha kuma suna samar da iyaka ta halitta da Eritrea, ruwan Mereb yawanci ba sa isa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]  amma suna watsewa a cikin yashi na filayen gabashin Sudan, suna samar da [[Delta|delta na ciki]] .

Yankin Mereb yana bushewa tsawon yawancin shekara, amma kamar Takazze yana fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa kwatsam a lokacin damina; gefen hagu na saman Mereb ne kawai yake a yankin Habasha. Manyan magudanan ruwansa sune [[Kogin Obel]] da ke gefen dama (a Eritrea) da kuma kogunan Sarana, Balasa, Mai Shawesh, da 'Engweya a gefen hagu (a Habasha).

== Tarihi ==
Mereb yana da muhimmanci a tarihi a matsayin iyaka tsakanin yankuna biyu da ke da iko daban-daban a yankin: ƙasar ''Bahr Negash'' ( [[Harshen Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] &quot;mulkin teku&quot;, wanda kuma aka sani da Medri Bahri ko &quot;ƙasar/ta teku&quot;) a arewacin kogin, da kuma Tigray a kudu. Yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ''Bahr Negash'' sun haɗu har zuwa arewa har zuwa gabar [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]], da kuma kudu (da yamma) har zuwa Shire  kuma babban birnin yana Debarwa a Eritrea ta zamani, kimanin {{Convert|20|mi|-1}} kudu da [[Asmara]] .

== Namun daji ==
Ambaliyar ruwan kogin Eritrea ita ce wurin da aka ga wani babban garken [[Giwa|giwaye]] a shekarar 2001, wanda shine karo na farko da aka ga irin wannan a Eritrea tun shekarar 1955. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Eritrea
* Jerin kogunan Habasha
* Jerin kogunan Sudan

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2573" sha1="bisyg2u6vule9kbd12bnrn9av2fysh5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Mereb''' ( Italian   ), wanda kuma aka sani da '''Kogin Gash''' ( Arabic   ), kogi ne da ke kwarara daga tsakiyar [[Eritrea]] . Babban mahimmancinsa shine ayyana wani ɓangare na iyakar da ke tsakanin Eritrea da [[Itofiya|Habasha]], tsakanin wurin da Mai Ambassa ya shiga kogin a

== Kwas ɗin ==
A cewar ''kididdigar kididdiga ta Habasha ta shekarar 1967/68'', Kogin Mereb yana da {{Convert|440|km}} tsayi. [[Ministry of Water Resources (Ethiopia)|Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa]] ta Habasha ta ba da rahoton cewa yankin ruwanta na Habasha ya kai {{Convert|5700|km²}}, tare da kwararar ruwa ta shekara-shekara ta mita cubic biliyan 0.26.  Wasu majiyoyi suna magana game da magudanar ruwa ta {{Convert|21000|km²}} zuwa {{Convert|44000|km²}} a ko'ina, da kuma fitar da ruwa na {{Convert|21.6|m³/s}} a matsakaici a cikin shekara, kuma {{Convert|870|m³/s}} a cikin kololuwa.  Ruwanta yana tashi kudu maso yammacin Asmara a tsakiyar Eritrea. Tana kwarara kudu, tana iyaka da Habasha, sannan yamma ta ratsa yammacin Eritrea don isa filayen [[Sudan]] kusa da Kassala . Ba kamar kogunan [[Kogin Tekezé|Setit]] ko [[Kogin Tekezé|Takazze]] ba, waɗanda ke kwarara daga Habasha kuma suna samar da iyaka ta halitta da Eritrea, ruwan Mereb yawanci ba sa isa [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]]  amma suna watsewa a cikin yashi na filayen gabashin Sudan, suna samar da [[Delta|delta na ciki]] .

Yankin Mereb yana bushewa tsawon yawancin shekara, amma kamar Takazze yana fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa kwatsam a lokacin damina; gefen hagu na saman Mereb ne kawai yake a yankin Habasha. Manyan magudanan ruwansa sune [[Kogin Obel]] da ke gefen dama (a Eritrea) da kuma kogunan Sarana, Balasa, Mai Shawesh, da 'Engweya a gefen hagu (a Habasha).

== Tarihi ==
Mereb yana da muhimmanci a tarihi a matsayin iyaka tsakanin yankuna biyu da ke da iko daban-daban a yankin: ƙasar ''Bahr Negash'' ( [[Harshen Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] &quot;mulkin teku&quot;, wanda kuma aka sani da Medri Bahri ko &quot;ƙasar/ta teku&quot;) a arewacin kogin, da kuma Tigray a kudu. Yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ''Bahr Negash'' sun haɗu har zuwa arewa har zuwa gabar [[Red Sea|Tekun Ja]], da kuma kudu (da yamma) har zuwa Shire  kuma babban birnin yana Debarwa a Eritrea ta zamani, kimanin {{Convert|20|mi|-1}} kudu da [[Asmara]] .

== Namun daji ==
Ambaliyar ruwan kogin Eritrea ita ce wurin da aka ga wani babban garken [[Giwa|giwaye]] a shekarar 2001, wanda shine karo na farko da aka ga irin wannan a Eritrea tun shekarar 1955. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin kogunan Eritrea
* Jerin kogunan Habasha
* Jerin kogunan Sudan

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Tichy-Haf</title>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350797872|Tichy-Haf Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Dam din Tichy-Haf''' madatsar ruwa ce ta Arch-gravity a kan Oued Bousellam a Mahfouda, Bouhamza Commune, Bejaia, [[Aljeriya]].

== Tarihi ==
Ginin  ruwan ya fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta kamfanin Yugoslav Hydrotchnika, kuma daga baya kamfanin Aljeriya Cosider Group ya kammala shi. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 2008, kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2009. Dam din yana samar da  mita miliyan 47 a kowace shekara na ruwan sha don hanyar Akbou-Béjaïa, da kuma cubic mita milio 4 a kowace shekara don ban ruwa. Kusa da madatsar ruwan shine Tichy-Haf Treatment Plant, wanda ke da damar 120,000 cubic mita a kowace rana, bututun mai mai tsawon kilomita 70 da tankunan ajiya tare da damar {{Cvt|42,000|m3}} m3  cu .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nieuwe Trends Voor Heren &amp; Dames |url=http://www.soudoud-dzair.com/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 |website=Soudoud Dzair}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=EN RAISON DE LA VALEUR “TRÈS ÉLEVÉE” DE LA TURBIDITÉ : L’ADE de Béjaïa suspend la distribution d’eau du barrage de Tichy Haf - L’Actualité : Liberté |url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/l-ade-de-bejaia-suspend-la-distribution-d-eau-du-barrage-de-tichy-haf-367254 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.liberte-algerie.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Youcef |first=BELHANI |date=1980-01-31 |title=ESMA, Développement des applications full web, Webmapping |url=http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=197.112.0.211 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boudjadi |first=Kamel |date=2024-07-18 |title=De l’eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza |url=https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=L'Expression}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tichy haf |url=https://www.anbt.dz/en/tichy-haf-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rédaction |date=2025-01-16 |title=Bejaïa : Le barrage de Tichy Haff reçoit un million de mètres cubes en 48 heures |url=https://lavoiedalgerie.dz/bejaia-le-barrage-de-tichy-haff-recoit-un-million-de-metres-cubes-en-48-heures/2025/16/13/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=La voie dAlgérie |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ginin madatsar ruwa da tafkin ya kasance a kan tsohuwar gonar, wanda mazauna yankin suka nuna rashin amincewa da ginin a cikin 2000s da kuma a cikin 2011. A cikin 2023 madatsar ruwan ta kasance a cikin 6% kawai, wannan ya haifar da haƙa ramuka a cikin kwarin kuma tafkin ya bushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFsamir2017&quot;&gt;samir (2017-07-10). [https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie &quot;TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie -&quot;] (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-03-13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2011-09-19 |title=Béjaïa en proie à la protestation - |url=https://leflaye.net/bejaia-en-proie-a-la-protestation |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mazauna yankin galibi suna amfani da madatsar ruwa da tafkin don yin iyo, nutsewa, jirgin ruwa, kuma akwai itatuwan zaitun da ke gefen kogin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rabah |first=Irbah |date=2015-08-03 |title=Barrage de Tichy Haf (Béjaïa) : Des baigneurs bravent le danger |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/500863 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Commune de Darguina : Un programme pour désenclaver les villages |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/106446 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kifi kuma yana faruwa a kan tafkin, don Common carp da Common bream.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pêche continentale sur le barrage de Tichy Haf |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230623001853/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-date=2023-06-23 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.djazairess.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, yana da haɗari a yi iyo ko nutsewa kusa da madatsar ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amghar |first=Kamel |date=2009-08-05 |title=Dangers omniprésents dans de nombreuses localités à Béjaïa |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/20731 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>844674</id>
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      <text bytes="4842" sha1="35qouxs1hmfn89ikdikf3s9r3kh0kuk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Tichy-Haf''' madatsar ruwa ce ta Arch-gravity a kan Oued Bousellam a Mahfouda, Bouhamza Commune, Bejaia, [[Aljeriya]].

== Tarihi ==
Ginin  ruwan ya fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta kamfanin Yugoslav Hydrotchnika, kuma daga baya kamfanin Aljeriya Cosider Group ya kammala shi. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 2008, kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2009. Dam din yana samar da  mita miliyan 47 a kowace shekara na ruwan sha don hanyar Akbou-Béjaïa, da kuma cubic mita milio 4 a kowace shekara don ban ruwa. Kusa da madatsar ruwan shine Tichy-Haf Treatment Plant, wanda ke da damar 120,000 cubic mita a kowace rana, bututun mai mai tsawon kilomita 70 da tankunan ajiya tare da damar {{Cvt|42,000|m3}} m3  cu .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nieuwe Trends Voor Heren &amp; Dames |url=http://www.soudoud-dzair.com/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 |website=Soudoud Dzair}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=EN RAISON DE LA VALEUR “TRÈS ÉLEVÉE” DE LA TURBIDITÉ : L’ADE de Béjaïa suspend la distribution d’eau du barrage de Tichy Haf - L’Actualité : Liberté |url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/l-ade-de-bejaia-suspend-la-distribution-d-eau-du-barrage-de-tichy-haf-367254 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.liberte-algerie.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Youcef |first=BELHANI |date=1980-01-31 |title=ESMA, Développement des applications full web, Webmapping |url=http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=197.112.0.211 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boudjadi |first=Kamel |date=2024-07-18 |title=De l’eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza |url=https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=L'Expression}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tichy haf |url=https://www.anbt.dz/en/tichy-haf-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rédaction |date=2025-01-16 |title=Bejaïa : Le barrage de Tichy Haff reçoit un million de mètres cubes en 48 heures |url=https://lavoiedalgerie.dz/bejaia-le-barrage-de-tichy-haff-recoit-un-million-de-metres-cubes-en-48-heures/2025/16/13/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=La voie dAlgérie |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ginin madatsar ruwa da tafkin ya kasance a kan tsohuwar gonar, wanda mazauna yankin suka nuna rashin amincewa da ginin a cikin 2000s da kuma a cikin 2011. A cikin 2023 madatsar ruwan ta kasance a cikin 6% kawai, wannan ya haifar da haƙa ramuka a cikin kwarin kuma tafkin ya bushe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFsamir2017&quot;&gt;samir (2017-07-10). [https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie &quot;TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie -&quot;] (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-03-13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2011-09-19 |title=Béjaïa en proie à la protestation - |url=https://leflaye.net/bejaia-en-proie-a-la-protestation |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mazauna yankin galibi suna amfani da madatsar ruwa da tafkin don yin iyo, nutsewa, jirgin ruwa, kuma akwai itatuwan zaitun da ke gefen kogin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rabah |first=Irbah |date=2015-08-03 |title=Barrage de Tichy Haf (Béjaïa) : Des baigneurs bravent le danger |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/500863 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Commune de Darguina : Un programme pour désenclaver les villages |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/106446 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kifi kuma yana faruwa a kan tafkin, don Common carp da Common bream.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pêche continentale sur le barrage de Tichy Haf |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230623001853/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-date=2023-06-23 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.djazairess.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, yana da haɗari a yi iyo ko nutsewa kusa da madatsar ruwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amghar |first=Kamel |date=2009-08-05 |title=Dangers omniprésents dans de nombreuses localités à Béjaïa |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/20731 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>35qouxs1hmfn89ikdikf3s9r3kh0kuk</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Phugwane</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844675</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337880843|Phugwane River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1956" sha1="ap52h1mtrp2fivlnfue5f51uhjfx131" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Phugwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogin Shingwedzi ne na hagu da kuma kogin arewa mafi nisa na yankin da yake kama ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a tsakiyar kwarinsa. Phugwane kogi ne na yanayi wanda kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci. 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Phugwane yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area |url=http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227125240/http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2020-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou. A yankin Mulamulele yana gudana gabas ta cikin ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana ratsa ƙauyuka uku (Madonsi, Phugwani, da Magona) kafin ya shiga yankin Kruger National Park.  

== Duba kuma ==

* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.limpopo-tp.net/ Shirin Canjin Iyaka na Limpopo]</text>
      <sha1>ap52h1mtrp2fivlnfue5f51uhjfx131</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844680</id>
      <parentid>844675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:10:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <text bytes="2156" sha1="nrqzcg731w7du1bwl5kowoqlgez28kr" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Phugwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogin Shingwedzi ne na hagu da kuma kogin arewa mafi nisa na yankin da yake kama ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a tsakiyar kwarinsa. Phugwane kogi ne na yanayi wanda kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Phugwane yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area |url=http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227125240/http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2020-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou. A yankin Mulamulele yana gudana gabas ta cikin ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana ratsa ƙauyuka uku (Madonsi, Phugwani, da Magona) kafin ya shiga yankin Kruger National Park.  

== Duba kuma ==

* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.limpopo-tp.net/ Shirin Canjin Iyaka na Limpopo]</text>
      <sha1>nrqzcg731w7du1bwl5kowoqlgez28kr</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844683</id>
      <parentid>844680</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:12:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kwarara */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2588" sha1="cp7eku2oee0k0bt9luuss3qsol812k0" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Phugwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogin Shingwedzi ne na hagu da kuma kogin arewa mafi nisa na yankin da yake kama ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a tsakiyar kwarinsa. Phugwane kogi ne na yanayi wanda kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Phugwane yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area |url=http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227125240/http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2020-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]&lt;/ref&gt; A yankin Mulamulele yana gudana gabas ta cikin ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana ratsa ƙauyuka uku (Madonsi, Phugwani, da Magona) kafin ya shiga yankin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref&gt;pneOne of its tributary is Shiwamseve which drains its waters from the left side in the Phugwani area[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213124208/http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm |date=2012-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.limpopo-tp.net/ Shirin Canjin Iyaka na Limpopo]</text>
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      <id>844687</id>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2601" sha1="606onj00zccnenpe326ituste4banl7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Phugwane''' kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogin Shingwedzi ne na hagu da kuma kogin arewa mafi nisa na yankin da yake kama ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a tsakiyar kwarinsa. Phugwane kogi ne na yanayi wanda kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Phugwane yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area |url=http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227125240/http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-27 |access-date=2020-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]&lt;/ref&gt; A yankin Mulamulele yana gudana gabas ta cikin ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana ratsa ƙauyuka uku (Madonsi, Phugwani, da Magona) kafin ya shiga yankin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref&gt;pneOne of its tributary is Shiwamseve which drains its waters from the left side in the Phugwani area[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213124208/http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm |date=2012-12-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.limpopo-tp.net/ Shirin Canjin Iyaka na Limpopo]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruwan ruwa na Mukurumudzi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844676</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:08:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/983639781|Mukurumudzi Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2829" sha1="i4uuap6fug6psx3ep2kbg4qove18ni8" xml:space="preserve">4°23′04′′S 39°27′00′′E / 4.3844°S 39.45°E / -4.3844; 39.45 Dam din Mukurumudzi shine tushen ruwa na farko don Kwale Mineral Sands Project wanda ke hakar ma'adanai na [[titanium]] da [[zircon]] daga dunes a yankin kudancin [[Mombasa]], Kenya. Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Australiya, Base Resources, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Base Resources Ltd : Mukurumudzi Dam Permit Renewed |url=http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20110608/pdf/41z3898w1x420f.pdf |access-date=2 September 2013 |publisher=Asx.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne ke gudanar da aikin Kwale, kuma yana da nisan kilomita 10 daga bakin tekun Kenya da nisan kilometres 50 a kudancin Mombasa, babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kenya.

Wave International Pty Ltd ce ta gudanar da zane da kuma gudanar da gine-gine don madatsar ruwan tare da ARQ. Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a watan Janairun 2012 tare da kammalawa a watan Agustan 2013, kuma wani dan kwangila na Kenya, Hayer Bishan Singh &amp; Sons Ltd ne ya gudanar da shi.

== Tsarin ==
Dam din Mukurumudzi madatsar ruwa ce mai tsawo 24m, tare da ƙananan tsakiya na tsakiya da maɓallin yankewa da labule, don iyakance nutsewa a ƙarƙashin madatsar ruwan. Ayyukan fitarwa sun haɗa da hasumiyar cin abinci mai ƙarfi da kuma karfafawa mai ɗorewa da aikin bututu mai alaƙa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Mukurumudzi Dam – Mining News |url=http://www.miningweekly.com/topic/mukurumudzi-dam |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=MiningWeekly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gadar madatsar ruwa ta ƙunshi {{Convert|200000|m3}} na yashi mai laushi wanda ya samo asali daga yankin. Saboda rashin kayan yumbu masu dacewa a yankin, an gina wani membrane na tsakiya mai hana ruwa shiga cikin bentonite-siminti da ƙasa mai hana ruwa shiga jere tare da magudanar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Projects : Mukurumudzi Dam |url=http://www.arq.co.za/projects/Mukurumudzi%20Dam.html |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=ARQ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyar [[Hanyar Zube|magudanar ruwa]] tana kwarara zuwa [[Mukurumudzi River|Kogin Mukurumudzi]] . Tana gefen hagu tare da {{Convert|65|m}} faɗin simintin da ba a sarrafa shi ba, wurin zubar da siminti na Ogee da kuma hanyar zubar da simintin da aka yi wa ado da simintin da aka ƙarfafa don farkon {{Convert|40|m}} . Madatsar ruwan ta mamaye kusan mita 8.4 x 106 a matakin samar da abinci mai kyau kuma tana da yankin magudanar ruwa na 133&amp;nbsp;km².

Matsakaicin matakin ruwa an saita shi a mita 58 (190  sama da matakin teku kuma saman bangon madatsar ruwa yana da mita 61.2 (201  sama le matakin teku wanda ke ba da tsawo na bangon madada ruwa na {{Convert|22|m}}  , tsawon bango na mita 347 (1,138  da kuma matsakaicin ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun {{Convert|8.8|Gl}}  . Ana ƙara wadatar madatsar ruwan daga filin Gongoni lokacin da matakan ruwa suka sauka ƙasa da mita 6,000,000 (210,000,000.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844677</id>
      <parentid>844676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="2773" sha1="a3sr42fagtzcctswaoil2ofcazs6xp8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Mukurumudzi''' shine tushen ruwa na farko don Kwale Mineral Sands Project wanda ke hakar ma'adanai na [[titanium]] da [[zircon]] daga dunes a yankin kudancin [[Mombasa]], Kenya. Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Australiya, Base Resources, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Base Resources Ltd : Mukurumudzi Dam Permit Renewed |url=http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20110608/pdf/41z3898w1x420f.pdf |access-date=2 September 2013 |publisher=Asx.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; ne ke gudanar da aikin Kwale, kuma yana da nisan kilomita 10 daga bakin tekun Kenya da nisan kilometres 50 a kudancin Mombasa, babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kenya.

Wave International Pty Ltd ce ta gudanar da zane da kuma gudanar da gine-gine don madatsar ruwan tare da ARQ. Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a watan Janairun 2012 tare da kammalawa a watan Agustan 2013, kuma wani dan kwangila na Kenya, Hayer Bishan Singh &amp; Sons Ltd ne ya gudanar da shi.

== Tsarin ==
Dam din Mukurumudzi madatsar ruwa ce mai tsawo 24m, tare da ƙananan tsakiya na tsakiya da maɓallin yankewa da labule, don iyakance nutsewa a ƙarƙashin madatsar ruwan. Ayyukan fitarwa sun haɗa da hasumiyar cin abinci mai ƙarfi da kuma karfafawa mai ɗorewa da aikin bututu mai alaƙa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Mukurumudzi Dam – Mining News |url=http://www.miningweekly.com/topic/mukurumudzi-dam |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=MiningWeekly.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gadar madatsar ruwa ta ƙunshi {{Convert|200000|m3}} na yashi mai laushi wanda ya samo asali daga yankin. Saboda rashin kayan yumbu masu dacewa a yankin, an gina wani membrane na tsakiya mai hana ruwa shiga cikin bentonite-siminti da ƙasa mai hana ruwa shiga jere tare da magudanar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Projects : Mukurumudzi Dam |url=http://www.arq.co.za/projects/Mukurumudzi%20Dam.html |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=ARQ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hanyar [[Hanyar Zube|magudanar ruwa]] tana kwarara zuwa [[Mukurumudzi River|Kogin Mukurumudzi]] . Tana gefen hagu tare da {{Convert|65|m}} faɗin simintin da ba a sarrafa shi ba, wurin zubar da siminti na Ogee da kuma hanyar zubar da simintin da aka yi wa ado da simintin da aka ƙarfafa don farkon {{Convert|40|m}} . Madatsar ruwan ta mamaye kusan mita 8.4 x 106 a matakin samar da abinci mai kyau kuma tana da yankin magudanar ruwa na 133&amp;nbsp;km².

Matsakaicin matakin ruwa an saita shi a mita 58 (190  sama da matakin teku kuma saman bangon madatsar ruwa yana da mita 61.2 (201  sama le matakin teku wanda ke ba da tsawo na bangon madada ruwa na {{Convert|22|m}}  , tsawon bango na mita 347 (1,138  da kuma matsakaicin ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun {{Convert|8.8|Gl}}  . Ana ƙara wadatar madatsar ruwan daga filin Gongoni lokacin da matakan ruwa suka sauka ƙasa da mita 6,000,000 (210,000,000.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Keddara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844678</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:09:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1195078847|Keddara Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844678</origin>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Keddara''', ko '''Barrage Keddara''', madatsar ruwa ce ta {{Convert|6|km|mi|0}} arewa maso yammacin Keddara a kan Kogin Boudouaou a Lardin Boumerdès, Algeria. Kamfanin Yugoslavia Hidrotehnika ne ya gina shi tsakanin 1982 da 1987, babban manufar gina madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da ruwa don ban ruwa da amfanin birni a [[Aljir|Algiers]] wanda ke da lamba {{Convert|35|km|mi|0}} zuwa yamma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara {{!}} Algerie - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d. |url=http://www.hidroenergetika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ |access-date=2021-07-15 |website=www.hidroenergetika.rs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan madatsar ruwan tana da ƙarfin ɗaukar {{Convert|146500000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   wanda aka tattara daga magudanar ruwa da kuma [[Hamiz Dam|madatsar ruwa ta Hamiz]] mai tsawon {{Convert|7.6|km|mi|0}} zuwa yamma da kuma [[Beni Amrane Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Beni Amrane]] {{Convert|17|km|mi|0}} zuwa gabas. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara |url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara embankment dam |url=http://www.serbiaconstruction.com/projects/keddara-embankment-dam/ |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=Serbia Construction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>odne2nuvh4g72vfauo093yxymddbyic</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844679</id>
      <parentid>844678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <origin>844679</origin>
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      <text bytes="1295" sha1="otrpaw70gqxtmszpw2tzkvuo2l73nqp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madatsar ruwan Keddara''', ko '''Barrage Keddara''', madatsar ruwa ce ta {{Convert|6|km|mi|0}} arewa maso yammacin Keddara a kan Kogin Boudouaou a Lardin Boumerdès, Algeria. Kamfanin Yugoslavia Hidrotehnika ne ya gina shi tsakanin 1982 da 1987, babban manufar gina madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da ruwa don ban ruwa da amfanin birni a [[Aljir|Algiers]] wanda ke da lamba {{Convert|35|km|mi|0}} zuwa yamma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara {{!}} Algerie - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d. |url=http://www.hidroenergetika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ |access-date=2021-07-15 |website=www.hidroenergetika.rs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan madatsar ruwan tana da ƙarfin ɗaukar {{Convert|146500000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   wanda aka tattara daga magudanar ruwa da kuma [[Hamiz Dam|madatsar ruwa ta Hamiz]] mai tsawon {{Convert|7.6|km|mi|0}} zuwa yamma da kuma [[Beni Amrane Dam|Madatsar Ruwa ta Beni Amrane]] {{Convert|17|km|mi|0}} zuwa gabas. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara |url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Keddara embankment dam |url=http://www.serbiaconstruction.com/projects/keddara-embankment-dam/ |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=Serbia Construction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>otrpaw70gqxtmszpw2tzkvuo2l73nqp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Koudiat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844681</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:11:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1195086564|Koudiat Acerdoune Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844681</origin>
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{{Reflist}}'''Madatsar ruwan Koudiat Acerdoune''' madatsar ruwan tana da girman {{Convert|9.5|km|mi|0}} kudu maso yammacin Kadiria a kan Kogin Isser a Lardin Bouïra, Algeria. An gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 2002 da 2008 da dabarar siminti mai naɗi . Yana aiki ne don samar da ruwa ga masana'antu, ban ruwa da kuma amfanin birni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koudiat Acerdoune Dam, Algeria |url=http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930153516/http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=PERI}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana riƙe da {{Convert|640000000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   ma'ajiyar ruwa mai iya samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na {{Convert|20000|ha|acre|0}} na fili tare da bai wa yankin [[Aljir|Algiers]] {{Convert|178000000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   na ruwan sha a kowace shekara.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844682</id>
      <parentid>844681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:12:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844682</origin>
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      <text bytes="1031" sha1="13l2osksau7ox0zzu7tgxljvx2d8rva" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madatsar ruwan Koudiat Acerdoune''' madatsar ruwan tana da girman {{Convert|9.5|km|mi|0}} kudu maso yammacin Kadiria a kan Kogin Isser a Lardin Bouïra, Algeria. An gina madatsar ruwan tsakanin 2002 da 2008 da dabarar siminti mai naɗi . Yana aiki ne don samar da ruwa ga masana'antu, ban ruwa da kuma amfanin birni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Koudiat Acerdoune Dam, Algeria |url=http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930153516/http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=22 August 2011 |publisher=PERI}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana riƙe da {{Convert|640000000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   ma'ajiyar ruwa mai iya samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na {{Convert|20000|ha|acre|0}} na fili tare da bai wa yankin [[Aljir|Algiers]] {{Convert|178000000|m3|acre.ft|0}}   na ruwan sha a kowace shekara.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gove Dam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153915</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844686</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:14:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320172710|Gove Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844686</origin>
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'''Gove Dam''' wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] kimanin kilomita {{Convert|75|km|mi}} (47  kudu da [[Huambo]] a [[Gundumar Huambo|Lardin Huambo]], [[Angola]] . Manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki. Yana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na {{Convert|60|MW}}  kowannensu) (turbines uku na {{Convert|20|MW}}  kowansensu), ya isa ya ba da wutar lantarki sama da gidaje 30,000.

== Tarihi ==
Gove Dam ya kai Kaala miliyan 279 kuma ƙungiyar gine-ginen Brazil Odebrecht ce ta gina shi. Shugaban Angola ne ya kaddamar da shi a watan Agustan 2012. Dam din yana samar da wutar lantarki ga biranen Caála, [[Huambo]], da [[Kuito]].

Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a shekarar 1969 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1975. An dakatar da gina tashar wutar lantarki sau biyu, daga 1975 zuwa 1983 saboda yakin basasa, sannan kuma daga 1986 zuwa 2001 kuma saboda fada. An lalata madatsar ruwan ta hanyar dinamite a cikin 1990. Tare da tashar wutar lantarki, an kaddamar da ƙananan tashoshin a Caála, Dango, da Benfica (a Huambo) a lokacin kammala. Tashoshin da cibiyar rarraba sun kai dala miliyan 80.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gove Hydroelectric dam inaugurated in Angola |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2012/08/23/gove-hydroelectric-dam-inaugurated-in-angola/ |access-date=25 April 2014 |publisher=Macaupub}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ruacana - a cikin ruwa a Namibia, an gina ta tare da madatsar ruwan Gove

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844688</id>
      <parentid>844686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:14:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="1516" sha1="ana9xymdbjzwsczt5femxdidwkm1lhf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Gove Dam''' wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] kimanin kilomita {{Convert|75|km|mi}} (47  kudu da [[Huambo]] a [[Gundumar Huambo|Lardin Huambo]], [[Angola]] . Manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki. Yana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na {{Convert|60|MW}}  kowannensu) (turbines uku na {{Convert|20|MW}}  kowansensu), ya isa ya ba da wutar lantarki sama da gidaje 30,000.

== Tarihi ==
Gove Dam ya kai Kaala miliyan 279 kuma ƙungiyar gine-ginen Brazil Odebrecht ce ta gina shi. Shugaban Angola ne ya kaddamar da shi a watan Agustan 2012. Dam din yana samar da wutar lantarki ga biranen Caála, [[Huambo]], da [[Kuito]].

Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a shekarar 1969 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1975. An dakatar da gina tashar wutar lantarki sau biyu, daga 1975 zuwa 1983 saboda yakin basasa, sannan kuma daga 1986 zuwa 2001 kuma saboda fada. An lalata madatsar ruwan ta hanyar dinamite a cikin 1990. Tare da tashar wutar lantarki, an kaddamar da ƙananan tashoshin a Caála, Dango, da Benfica (a Huambo) a lokacin kammala. Tashoshin da cibiyar rarraba sun kai dala miliyan 80.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gove Hydroelectric dam inaugurated in Angola |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2012/08/23/gove-hydroelectric-dam-inaugurated-in-angola/ |access-date=25 April 2014 |publisher=Macaupub}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ruacana - a cikin ruwa a Namibia, an gina ta tare da madatsar ruwan Gove

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luachimo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844690</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:17:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1288626342|Luachimo Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844690</origin>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luachimo''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a kusa da Luachimo a arewa maso gabashin [[Angola]], kusa da iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hans Wolfhard |date=March 2017 |title=Luachimo, Angola: New Compact Turbines For More Power - Small &amp; Mini Hydro |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/luachimo-angola |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Andritz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Luachimo, a cikin Garin Luachimo. Luachimo shine wurin birnin Dundo, kimanin kilomita 1,123 (698 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki ta Luachimo sune:07°21'47.0&quot;S, 20°50'36.0&quot;E (Latitude:-7.363056; Longitude:20.843333). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ginin tashar wutar lantarki ta asali a wannan shafin, ya fara ne a shekara ta 1953. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=29 May 2008 |title=Refurbishment planned for Angola's 9-MW Luachimo, 1.6-MW Kunje |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2008/05/29/refurbishment-planned-for-angolas-9-mw-luachimo-16-mw-kunje/#gref |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1957 tashar wutar lantarki ta fara aiki tare da turbines huɗu kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 2.1 megawatts don jimlar ƙarfin ƙarni na {{Convert|8.4|MW|0}} . Kamfanin Empresa Nacional de Diamantes de Angola ne ke mallakar tashar wutar lantarki kuma ke sarrafa ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Industry About |date=15 July 2017 |title=Luachimo Hydro Power Plant |url=https://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716193626/http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Industryabout.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gyarawa da fadadawa ==
Shirye-shiryen gyarawa da fadada wannan tashar wutar lantarki sun kasance a cikin ayyukan tun daga shekara ta 2009, wen Emanuela Vieira Lopes, ministan makamashi na kasar, ya sanya waɗannan tsare-tsaren ga jama'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 May 2009 |title=Luachimo's hydroelectric power plant to be rehabilitated |url=http://m.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/sociedade/2009/4/22/Luachimo-hydroelectric-power-plant-rehabilitated,c653d8b9-b302-4ecf-8209-077e7aa2fb12.html |access-date=13 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2016 an fara aiki a tashar wutar lantarki, don kara ƙarfin ƙarni daga 8.4 megawatts zuwa 34 megawatts. Kowane sabon turbine zai sami ƙarfin ƙarni na 8.5 megawatts. Wutar da aka samar za ta samar da mutane 186,000 da ke zaune a Dundo City da kewayen unguwanni. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki sun kai dala miliyan 212 .&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=10 June 2020 |title=State Secretary for Energy oversees Luachimo dam works |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2020/5/24/State-Secretary-for-Energy-oversees-Luachimo-dam-works,dfa2b91a-0074-4889-a0e9-78ab3329003e.html |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sabunta, fadada tashar wutar lantarki tare da ƙarfin samarwa na 34 MW, an ba da izinin kasuwanci a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2024. Injiniya, sayarwa da kuma kwangila na gini shine China Gezhouba Group Corporation (CGGC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=30 May 2024 |title=Energy China relaunches the Luachimo hydroelectric power station in Angola |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/energy-china-relaunches-the-luachimo-hydroelectric-power-station-in-angola/ |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Luachimo''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a kusa da Luachimo a arewa maso gabashin [[Angola]], kusa da iyaka da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hans Wolfhard |date=March 2017 |title=Luachimo, Angola: New Compact Turbines For More Power - Small &amp; Mini Hydro |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/luachimo-angola |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Andritz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Luachimo, a cikin Garin Luachimo. Luachimo shine wurin birnin Dundo, kimanin kilomita 1,123 (698 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki ta Luachimo sune:07°21'47.0&quot;S, 20°50'36.0&quot;E (Latitude:-7.363056; Longitude:20.843333). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ginin tashar wutar lantarki ta asali a wannan shafin, ya fara ne a shekara ta 1953. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=29 May 2008 |title=Refurbishment planned for Angola's 9-MW Luachimo, 1.6-MW Kunje |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2008/05/29/refurbishment-planned-for-angolas-9-mw-luachimo-16-mw-kunje/#gref |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1957 tashar wutar lantarki ta fara aiki tare da turbines huɗu kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 2.1 megawatts don jimlar ƙarfin ƙarni na {{Convert|8.4|MW|0}} . Kamfanin Empresa Nacional de Diamantes de Angola ne ke mallakar tashar wutar lantarki kuma ke sarrafa ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Industry About |date=15 July 2017 |title=Luachimo Hydro Power Plant |url=https://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716193626/http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=Industryabout.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gyarawa da fadadawa ==
Shirye-shiryen gyarawa da fadada wannan tashar wutar lantarki sun kasance a cikin ayyukan tun daga shekara ta 2009, wen Emanuela Vieira Lopes, ministan makamashi na kasar, ya sanya waɗannan tsare-tsaren ga jama'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=30 May 2009 |title=Luachimo's hydroelectric power plant to be rehabilitated |url=http://m.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/sociedade/2009/4/22/Luachimo-hydroelectric-power-plant-rehabilitated,c653d8b9-b302-4ecf-8209-077e7aa2fb12.html |access-date=13 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2016 an fara aiki a tashar wutar lantarki, don kara ƙarfin ƙarni daga 8.4 megawatts zuwa 34 megawatts. Kowane sabon turbine zai sami ƙarfin ƙarni na 8.5 megawatts. Wutar da aka samar za ta samar da mutane 186,000 da ke zaune a Dundo City da kewayen unguwanni. Sabuntawa da haɓakawa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki sun kai dala miliyan 212 .&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=10 June 2020 |title=State Secretary for Energy oversees Luachimo dam works |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2020/5/24/State-Secretary-for-Energy-oversees-Luachimo-dam-works,dfa2b91a-0074-4889-a0e9-78ab3329003e.html |access-date=12 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sabunta, fadada tashar wutar lantarki tare da ƙarfin samarwa na 34 MW, an ba da izinin kasuwanci a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2024. Injiniya, sayarwa da kuma kwangila na gini shine China Gezhouba Group Corporation (CGGC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=30 May 2024 |title=Energy China relaunches the Luachimo hydroelectric power station in Angola |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/energy-china-relaunches-the-luachimo-hydroelectric-power-station-in-angola/ |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>2dqg9t978gphqy6d6xuvtx98h0wxyzi</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ruacana</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312574607|Ruacana Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Ruacana.jpg|right|thumb|Ruwan Ruacana a cikin kogin Kunene, wanda aka gani daga gefen Namibiya.]]
'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ruacana''' ita ce tashar wutar lantarki a fadin [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] kusa da Ruacana a arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]], kusa da iyakar [[Angola|Angolan]]. An ba da izini a shekara ta 1978, ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a Namibia. Mai sarrafa shi shine NamPower, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasar Namibia.&lt;ref name=&quot;LPwR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=11 October 2016 |title=Namibia: NamPower boosts Ruacana Power Station |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=ESI-Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarkin tana kusa da garin Ruacana, a yankin Omusati na Namibia, kusa da kan iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa da Angola. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Ruacana Power Station, Namibia |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar wutar lantarkin tana da nisan {{Convert|757|km|0}}, ta hanya, arewa maso yammacin [[Windhoek]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a Namibia.  NamPower ne ke gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=29 August 2020 |title=Namibia: Country Commercial Guide: Energy |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/namibia-energy |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=[[International Trade Administration]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ya zuwa Mayu 2020, Ruacana Hydroelectric Power Station ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki a Namibia. Ya kai kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na ƙarfin ƙarni na ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;LPwR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=11 October 2016 |title=Namibia: NamPower boosts Ruacana Power Station |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=ESI-Africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFESI-Africa2016&quot;&gt;ESI-Africa (11 October 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An ba da izinin turbine-generators na Francis na farko na 80 MW a cikin 1978. A cikin shekara ta 2012, an gyara turbines na asali guda uku don samar da matsakaicin megawatts 85 kowannensu. An kuma shigar da turbine na huɗu tare da ƙarfin megawatts 92 a wannan shekarar, wanda ya kawo ƙarfin ƙarni na tashar zuwa megawatts 347 (465,335 . Alstom, Andritz Hydro da Concor ne suka gina janareta na Francis na huɗu kuma suka ba da umurni a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Catherine Sasman |date=6 April 2012 |title=Ruacana fourth turbine commissioned |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=95824&amp;page=archive-read |access-date=6 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki tana karkashin kasa kusa da kasan faduwar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Ruacana Power Station, Namibia |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNamPower2020&quot;&gt;NamPower (6 May 2020). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maɓuɓɓugar Ruwa ==
Ana adana ruwa don tashar wutar lantarki a cikin madatsar ruwan [[Calueque]] kimanin kilomita 24 (15  daga saman Ruacana Falls tare da [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] a Calueque, Angola. Yawancin madatsun ruwa suna taimakawa wajen tsara Kogin Kunene don taimakawa tashar wutar lantarki ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Ƙarin sama shine madatsar ruwan Gove Dam yammacin tsakiyar Angola, yayin da madatsar ruwa ta Olushandja - a kan wani kogi na Kogin Kunene, ''Kogin Etaka -'' yana cikin Namibia.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Namibia

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ao6vvrq51slxdj95hwf72iqk47tpx96</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844693</id>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="3851" sha1="3vnrq1kicjioyy49fyskmnos738d7i8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Ruacana.jpg|right|thumb|Ruwan Ruacana a cikin kogin Kunene, wanda aka gani daga gefen Namibiya.]]
'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ruacana''' ita ce tashar wutar lantarki a fadin [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] kusa da Ruacana a arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]], kusa da iyakar [[Angola|Angolan]]. An ba da izini a shekara ta 1978, ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a Namibia. Mai sarrafa shi shine NamPower, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasar Namibia.&lt;ref name=&quot;LPwR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=11 October 2016 |title=Namibia: NamPower boosts Ruacana Power Station |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=ESI-Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarkin tana kusa da garin Ruacana, a yankin Omusati na Namibia, kusa da kan iyakar ƙasa da ƙasa da Angola. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Ruacana Power Station, Namibia |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar wutar lantarkin tana da nisan {{Convert|757|km|0}}, ta hanya, arewa maso yammacin [[Windhoek]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a Namibia.  NamPower ne ke gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=29 August 2020 |title=Namibia: Country Commercial Guide: Energy |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/namibia-energy |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=[[International Trade Administration]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ya zuwa Mayu 2020, Ruacana Hydroelectric Power Station ita ce babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki a Namibia. Ya kai kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na ƙarfin ƙarni na ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;LPwR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=11 October 2016 |title=Namibia: NamPower boosts Ruacana Power Station |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=ESI-Africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFESI-Africa2016&quot;&gt;ESI-Africa (11 October 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An ba da izinin turbine-generators na Francis na farko na 80 MW a cikin 1978. A cikin shekara ta 2012, an gyara turbines na asali guda uku don samar da matsakaicin megawatts 85 kowannensu. An kuma shigar da turbine na huɗu tare da ƙarfin megawatts 92 a wannan shekarar, wanda ya kawo ƙarfin ƙarni na tashar zuwa megawatts 347 (465,335 . Alstom, Andritz Hydro da Concor ne suka gina janareta na Francis na huɗu kuma suka ba da umurni a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Catherine Sasman |date=6 April 2012 |title=Ruacana fourth turbine commissioned |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=95824&amp;page=archive-read |access-date=6 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki tana karkashin kasa kusa da kasan faduwar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NamPower |date=6 May 2020 |title=Profile of Ruacana Power Station, Namibia |url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 |access-date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNamPower2020&quot;&gt;NamPower (6 May 2020). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maɓuɓɓugar Ruwa ==
Ana adana ruwa don tashar wutar lantarki a cikin madatsar ruwan [[Calueque]] kimanin kilomita 24 (15  daga saman Ruacana Falls tare da [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]] a Calueque, Angola. Yawancin madatsun ruwa suna taimakawa wajen tsara Kogin Kunene don taimakawa tashar wutar lantarki ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Ƙarin sama shine madatsar ruwan Gove Dam yammacin tsakiyar Angola, yayin da madatsar ruwa ta Olushandja - a kan wani kogi na Kogin Kunene, ''Kogin Etaka -'' yana cikin Namibia.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Namibia

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>3vnrq1kicjioyy49fyskmnos738d7i8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Caculo Cabaça Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153918</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844694</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T16:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316719352|Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric Power Station tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 2,172 MW da ake ginawa a [[Angola]]. Lokacin da aka kammala, zai fi 2,070 MW Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station, mafi girman tashar wutar lantarki a kasar, tun daga watan Yulin 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin ƙauyen São Pedro da Quilemba, kusa da birnin Dondo, a Lardin Cuanza Norte . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniela Del Bene |date=24 September 2017 |title=Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan wurin yana da kimanin kilomita 195 (121 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric Power Station sune: 09°46'50.0&quot;S, 14°32'58.0&quot;E (Latitude:-9.780556; Longitude:14.549444). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
A watan Agustan 2017, an fara gini a wannan tashar wutar lantarki, ta hanyar dan kwangila da aka zaba, China Gezhouba Group Company Limited, tare da wani bangare na kudade daga Bankin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci na kasar Sin (ICBC). Tsarin tsara da aka tsara a Caculo Cabaça shine 2,172 megawatts, don amfani da shi a Angola da kuma fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniela Del Bene |date=24 September 2017 |title=Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDaniela_Del_Bene2017&quot;&gt;Daniela Del Bene (24 September 2017). [https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola &quot;Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola&quot;]. [[Environmental Justice Atlas]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana sa ran ginin zai dauki akalla watanni 80.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (8 July 2017). [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca &quot;Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca&quot;]. United States of America: renewableenergyworld.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Oktoba na 2019, Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Angola ya ba da rahoton cewa ana sa ran fara aiki da wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=16 October 2019 |title=Caculo Cabaça dam starts producing power by 2024 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2019/9/42/Caculo-Cabaca-dam-starts-producing-power-2024,31ee869c-7bd5-4d53-8485-d7644b9c84f2.html |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babban madatsar ruwan zai kasance mita 103 (338  a tsawo, tare da faɗin mita 553 (1,814 , samar da tafkin tafki wanda ke auna kilomita 16.3 (10  a tsawon, tare da yanki na  kilomita 16.6 (6 sq . 

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
Jimlar kudin aikin an tsara shi a dala biliyan 4.5, kashi 85 cikin dari daga ICBC. Kamfanin gine-gine, Gezhouba Group, zai mallaki, aiki da kuma kula da tashar wutar lantarki aƙalla shekaru huɗu bayan ƙaddamar da kasuwanci. A cikin waɗannan shekaru huɗu, China Gezhouba za ta horar da injiniyoyi da masu fasaha na Angola kan yadda za a gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki. Ana sa ran za a hayar ma'aikata 10,000 a lokacin ginin.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (8 July 2017). [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca &quot;Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca&quot;]. United States of America: renewableenergyworld.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023 an sake fasalin kasafin kudin gini zuwa dala biliyan 5.2, tare da dala biliyan 3.8 da aka ware ga madatsar ruwan da dala biliyo 1.4 da aka ware don samar da wutar lantarki da kayan watsawa. Gwamnatin [[Jamus]] ta amince da ba da rancen dala biliyan 1.16 ga gwamnatin Angola don tallafawa sayarwa da shigar da turbines da kayan aikin lantarki masu alaƙa da kamfanin Voith Hydro na Jamus.&lt;ref name=&quot;WorkR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=29 May 2023 |title=Angola: China's CGGC launches work on the Caculo Cabaça dam (2 GW) |url=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/angola-chinas-cggc-launches-work-caculo-cabaca-dam-2-gw |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |website=e-mc2.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2024, an tuntubi Voith Hydro don samar da turbines na Francis guda huɗu tare da fitarwa na 530MW kowannensu da ƙarin turbine na Francis guda ɗaya tare da fitar da 52MW, tare da kayan aiki masu alaƙa. Lokacin da aka ba da izinin tashar wutar lantarki ta Kasuwanci, kashi 67 cikin 100 na ƙarfin ƙarni na ƙasar Angola za a samo shi daga hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. An gano tushen kudaden Turai a matsayin Commerzbank da UniCredit, tare da tabbacin gwamnati ga gwamnati da Tarayyar Jamus ta bayar. Umurnin samarwa ga Voith ya wuce dala biliyan 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;SoR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ARBT |date=1 January 2024 |title=Voith To Equip Large-Scale Hydropower Plant In Angola |url=https://africanreview.com/energy/voith-to-equip-large-scale-hydropower-plant-in-angola |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=African Review of Business &amp; Technology (ARBT)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric Power Station''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 2,172 MW da ake ginawa a [[Angola]]. Lokacin da aka kammala, zai fi 2,070 MW Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station, mafi girman tashar wutar lantarki a kasar, tun daga watan Yulin 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin ƙauyen São Pedro da Quilemba, kusa da birnin Dondo, a Lardin Cuanza Norte . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniela Del Bene |date=24 September 2017 |title=Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan wurin yana da kimanin kilomita 195 (121 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Luanda]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na Angola. Yanayin ƙasa na Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric Power Station sune: 09°46'50.0&quot;S, 14°32'58.0&quot;E (Latitude:-9.780556; Longitude:14.549444). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
A watan Agustan 2017, an fara gini a wannan tashar wutar lantarki, ta hanyar dan kwangila da aka zaba, China Gezhouba Group Company Limited, tare da wani bangare na kudade daga Bankin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci na kasar Sin (ICBC). Tsarin tsara da aka tsara a Caculo Cabaça shine 2,172 megawatts, don amfani da shi a Angola da kuma fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe a Kudancin Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniela Del Bene |date=24 September 2017 |title=Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDaniela_Del_Bene2017&quot;&gt;Daniela Del Bene (24 September 2017). [https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola &quot;Hydroelectric Project Caculo Cabaça, Angola&quot;]. [[Environmental Justice Atlas]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana sa ran ginin zai dauki akalla watanni 80.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (8 July 2017). [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca &quot;Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca&quot;]. United States of America: renewableenergyworld.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Oktoba na 2019, Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Angola ya ba da rahoton cewa ana sa ran fara aiki da wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Angola Press News Agency |date=16 October 2019 |title=Caculo Cabaça dam starts producing power by 2024 |url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2019/9/42/Caculo-Cabaca-dam-starts-producing-power-2024,31ee869c-7bd5-4d53-8485-d7644b9c84f2.html |access-date=21 June 2020 |publisher=[[Angola Press News Agency]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Babban madatsar ruwan zai kasance mita 103 (338  a tsawo, tare da faɗin mita 553 (1,814 , samar da tafkin tafki wanda ke auna kilomita 16.3 (10  a tsawon, tare da yanki na  kilomita 16.6 (6 sq . 

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
Jimlar kudin aikin an tsara shi a dala biliyan 4.5, kashi 85 cikin dari daga ICBC. Kamfanin gine-gine, Gezhouba Group, zai mallaki, aiki da kuma kula da tashar wutar lantarki aƙalla shekaru huɗu bayan ƙaddamar da kasuwanci. A cikin waɗannan shekaru huɗu, China Gezhouba za ta horar da injiniyoyi da masu fasaha na Angola kan yadda za a gudanar da tashar wutar lantarki. Ana sa ran za a hayar ma'aikata 10,000 a lokacin ginin.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=8 July 2017 |title=Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (8 July 2017). [https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca &quot;Angolan officials break ground on 2,170-MW Caculo Cabaca hydropower plant, generation begins at 2,070-MW Lauca&quot;]. United States of America: renewableenergyworld.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 October&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023 an sake fasalin kasafin kudin gini zuwa dala biliyan 5.2, tare da dala biliyan 3.8 da aka ware ga madatsar ruwan da dala biliyo 1.4 da aka ware don samar da wutar lantarki da kayan watsawa. Gwamnatin [[Jamus]] ta amince da ba da rancen dala biliyan 1.16 ga gwamnatin Angola don tallafawa sayarwa da shigar da turbines da kayan aikin lantarki masu alaƙa da kamfanin Voith Hydro na Jamus.&lt;ref name=&quot;WorkR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=29 May 2023 |title=Angola: China's CGGC launches work on the Caculo Cabaça dam (2 GW) |url=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/angola-chinas-cggc-launches-work-caculo-cabaca-dam-2-gw |access-date=14 Oct 2025 |website=e-mc2.gr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2024, an tuntubi Voith Hydro don samar da turbines na Francis guda huɗu tare da fitarwa na 530MW kowannensu da ƙarin turbine na Francis guda ɗaya tare da fitar da 52MW, tare da kayan aiki masu alaƙa. Lokacin da aka ba da izinin tashar wutar lantarki ta Kasuwanci, kashi 67 cikin 100 na ƙarfin ƙarni na ƙasar Angola za a samo shi daga hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. An gano tushen kudaden Turai a matsayin Commerzbank da UniCredit, tare da tabbacin gwamnati ga gwamnati da Tarayyar Jamus ta bayar. Umurnin samarwa ga Voith ya wuce dala biliyan 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;SoR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ARBT |date=1 January 2024 |title=Voith To Equip Large-Scale Hydropower Plant In Angola |url=https://africanreview.com/energy/voith-to-equip-large-scale-hydropower-plant-in-angola |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=African Review of Business &amp; Technology (ARBT)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Shingwedzi</title>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1254909987|Shingwedzi River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3021" sha1="0u050ah7cwidk86z12zfu3zko13odru" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Shingwedzi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Kogi ne na hagu na Kogin Olifants ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' da kuma kogin arewacin yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙasan kwarinsa. Shingwedzi kogi ne na yanayi wanda bakin kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci. 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Shingwedzi yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg.  Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou da kuma kusan 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin Malamulele, a yankin Mulamula. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas ta cikin ƙananan ƙofofi kuma yana shiga yankin Kruger National Park. 

Manyan kogunan kogin Shingwedzi sune [[Mandzoro River|kogin Mandzoro]], [[Mphongolo River|kogin Mphongolo]], [[Kogin Phugwane|kogin Pughwane]], [[Gole River|kogin Gole]], [[Shisha River|kogin Shisha]], [[Tshamidzi River|kogin Tshamidzi]], [[Bububu River|kogin Bububu]] da [[Dzombo River|kogin Dzombo]]. 

Akwai madatsu biyu a kogin a cikin wurin shakatawa na Kruger kusa da sansanin hutawa na Shingwedzi; Madatsar Kanniedood da Madatsar Sirheni. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Makuleke Dam yana cikin Kogin Mphongolo. Bayan ya tsallaka zuwa Mozambique, kogin ya lanƙwasa ya kwarara zuwa kudu maso gabas. Daga nan kuma ya gangara ƙasan Shingwedzi yana kwarara kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin [[Dam din Massingir|ma'ajiyar]] ...&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga kogin daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

Wannan kogin wuri ne mai kyau don lura da manyan garken [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwayen Afirka]], garken mutane 50 zuwa 60 ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwarin. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Babban Limpopo Transfrontier Park
* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Shingwedzi RiverShingwedzi RiverShingwedzi RiverShingwedzi RiverPhugwane RiverShingwedzi RiverPhugwane River
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]
[[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="2913" sha1="7hd77ox74evx653ygul9f4yedrljt72" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Shingwedzi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]. Kogi ne na hagu na Kogin Olifants ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' da kuma kogin arewacin yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙasan kwarinsa. Shingwedzi kogi ne na yanayi wanda bakin kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci. 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Shingwedzi yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg.  Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou da kuma kusan 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin Malamulele, a yankin Mulamula. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas ta cikin ƙananan ƙofofi kuma yana shiga yankin Kruger National Park. 

Manyan kogunan kogin Shingwedzi sune [[Mandzoro River|kogin Mandzoro]], [[Mphongolo River|kogin Mphongolo]], [[Kogin Phugwane|kogin Pughwane]], [[Gole River|kogin Gole]], [[Shisha River|kogin Shisha]], [[Tshamidzi River|kogin Tshamidzi]], [[Bububu River|kogin Bububu]] da [[Dzombo River|kogin Dzombo]]. 

Akwai madatsu biyu a kogin a cikin wurin shakatawa na Kruger kusa da sansanin hutawa na Shingwedzi; Madatsar Kanniedood da Madatsar Sirheni. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Makuleke Dam yana cikin Kogin Mphongolo. Bayan ya tsallaka zuwa Mozambique, kogin ya lanƙwasa ya kwarara zuwa kudu maso gabas. Daga nan kuma ya gangara ƙasan Shingwedzi yana kwarara kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin [[Dam din Massingir|ma'ajiyar]] ...&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga kogin daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

Wannan kogin wuri ne mai kyau don lura da manyan garken [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwayen Afirka]], garken mutane 50 zuwa 60 ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwarin. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Babban Limpopo Transfrontier Park
* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]
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      <text bytes="3598" sha1="lbxuhpszjb85hdgtegcv67vjhbbc3gv" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Shingwedzi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kogi ne na hagu na Kogin Olifants ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' da kuma kogin arewacin yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙasan kwarinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; Shingwedzi kogi ne na yanayi wanda bakin kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Shingwedzi yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg.  Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou da kuma kusan 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin Malamulele, a yankin Mulamula. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas ta cikin ƙananan ƙofofi kuma yana shiga yankin Kruger National Park. 

Manyan kogunan kogin Shingwedzi sune [[Mandzoro River|kogin Mandzoro]], [[Mphongolo River|kogin Mphongolo]], [[Kogin Phugwane|kogin Pughwane]], [[Gole River|kogin Gole]], [[Shisha River|kogin Shisha]], [[Tshamidzi River|kogin Tshamidzi]], [[Bububu River|kogin Bububu]] da [[Dzombo River|kogin Dzombo]]. 

Akwai madatsu biyu a kogin a cikin wurin shakatawa na Kruger kusa da sansanin hutawa na Shingwedzi; Madatsar Kanniedood da Madatsar Sirheni. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Makuleke Dam yana cikin Kogin Mphongolo. Bayan ya tsallaka zuwa Mozambique, kogin ya lanƙwasa ya kwarara zuwa kudu maso gabas. Daga nan kuma ya gangara ƙasan Shingwedzi yana kwarara kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin [[Dam din Massingir|ma'ajiyar]] ...&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga kogin daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

Wannan kogin wuri ne mai kyau don lura da manyan garken [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwayen Afirka]], garken mutane 50 zuwa 60 ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwarin. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Babban Limpopo Transfrontier Park
* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]
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      <text bytes="4152" sha1="qaqrf0dzijrr4k1wkhqk5howzszj7gl" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Shingwedzi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kogi ne na hagu na Kogin Olifants ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' da kuma kogin arewacin yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙasan kwarinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; Shingwedzi kogi ne na yanayi wanda bakin kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Shingwedzi yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area]&lt;/ref&gt;  Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou da kuma kusan 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin Malamulele, a yankin Mulamula. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas ta cikin ƙananan ƙofofi kuma yana shiga yankin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Manyan kogunan kogin Shingwedzi sune [[Mandzoro River|kogin Mandzoro]], [[Mphongolo River|kogin Mphongolo]], [[Kogin Phugwane|kogin Pughwane]], [[Gole River|kogin Gole]], [[Shisha River|kogin Shisha]], [[Tshamidzi River|kogin Tshamidzi]], [[Bububu River|kogin Bububu]] da [[Dzombo River|kogin Dzombo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai madatsu biyu a kogin a cikin wurin shakatawa na Kruger kusa da sansanin hutawa na Shingwedzi; Madatsar Kanniedood da Madatsar Sirheni. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Makuleke Dam yana cikin Kogin Mphongolo. Bayan ya tsallaka zuwa Mozambique, kogin ya lanƙwasa ya kwarara zuwa kudu maso gabas. Daga nan kuma ya gangara ƙasan Shingwedzi yana kwarara kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin [[Dam din Massingir|ma'ajiyar]] ...&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga kogin daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

Wannan kogin wuri ne mai kyau don lura da manyan garken [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwayen Afirka]], garken mutane 50 zuwa 60 ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwarin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Lodging_&amp;_Camping_Guide-travel/shingwedzi-camp.html Shingwedzi Rest Camp - Kruger National Park - SANParks]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Babban Limpopo Transfrontier Park
* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]
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      <text bytes="4165" sha1="mq6y9mtfhamyi513rdcgk7b0day52cz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Shingwedzi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Lardin Gaza, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kogi ne na hagu na Kogin Olifants ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' da kuma kogin arewacin yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |archive-date=2007-07-03 |access-date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙasan kwarinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; Shingwedzi kogi ne na yanayi wanda bakin kogin ya bushe na tsawon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
Kogin Shingwedzi yana malalar ruwan kudu maso gabashin Soutpansberg.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area]&lt;/ref&gt;  Majiyoyinsa sun kai kimanin 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa ESE na Thohoyandou da kuma kusan 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin Malamulele, a yankin Mulamula. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas ta cikin ƙananan ƙofofi kuma yana shiga yankin Kruger National Park.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Manyan kogunan kogin Shingwedzi sune [[Mandzoro River|kogin Mandzoro]], [[Mphongolo River|kogin Mphongolo]], [[Kogin Phugwane|kogin Pughwane]], [[Gole River|kogin Gole]], [[Shisha River|kogin Shisha]], [[Tshamidzi River|kogin Tshamidzi]], [[Bububu River|kogin Bububu]] da [[Dzombo River|kogin Dzombo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai madatsu biyu a kogin a cikin wurin shakatawa na Kruger kusa da sansanin hutawa na Shingwedzi; Madatsar Kanniedood da Madatsar Sirheni. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Makuleke Dam yana cikin Kogin Mphongolo. Bayan ya tsallaka zuwa Mozambique, kogin ya lanƙwasa ya kwarara zuwa kudu maso gabas. Daga nan kuma ya gangara ƙasan Shingwedzi yana kwarara kusa da gefen arewa maso gabashin [[Dam din Massingir|ma'ajiyar]] ...&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga kogin daga bangon madatsar ruwa. 

Wannan kogin wuri ne mai kyau don lura da manyan garken [[Giwan daji na Afirka|giwayen Afirka]], garken mutane 50 zuwa 60 ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwarin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Lodging_&amp;_Camping_Guide-travel/shingwedzi-camp.html Shingwedzi Rest Camp - Kruger National Park - SANParks]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Babban Limpopo Transfrontier Park
* Kruger National Park
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Steelpoort</title>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1272895048|Steelpoort River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2653" sha1="3774s7bq3mjquld6hoein0hgu8yqbsj" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Steelpoort, iNdubazi''' ko '''Tubatse'''  kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana gudana zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma mahaɗar dama ce ta Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙarshen kwarinsa. Tushensa yana nan a Kwaggaskop, gona tsakanin Dullstroom, [[Stoffberg]] da Belfast.

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Steelpoort sune Kogin Klip, Kogin Dwars, [[Waterval River|Kogin Waterval]] da [[Kogin Spekboom]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steelpoort River: Hydrology and geohydrology |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052032/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |archive-date=2014-08-08 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dam ɗin De Hoop (Limpopo)|Madatsar ruwan De Hoop]] da ke kan Kogin Steelpoort ta fara aiki tun daga ƙarshen 2014.  

Wasu sassan wannan kogin sun shahara wajen yin kayak. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Steelpoort River |url=http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707010612/http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |archive-date=2012-07-07 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekhukhuneland, yankin tarihi na mutanen Pedi, yana tsakanin Kogin Steelpoort da Kogin Olifants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ba Pedi |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314132451/http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |archive-date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [http://www.nra.co.za/content/Tubatse1.pdf Karamar hukumar Greater Tubatse]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/topic/steelpoort-river Kogin Steelpoort - Labarai - Labaran Injiniya]
* [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17.pdf Taswirar Cibiyoyin Ruwa a Kogin Steelpoort, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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      <text bytes="3367" sha1="8bu45y8qasymqscs68ntsrlq6s7pxge" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Steelpoort, iNdubazi''' ko '''Tubatse'''  kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana gudana zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma mahaɗar dama ce ta Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙarshen kwarinsa. Tushensa yana nan a Kwaggaskop, gona tsakanin Dullstroom, [[Stoffberg]] da Belfast.&lt;ref name=beeld&gt;{{cite news |last1=Celliers |first1=Heléne |title=De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi |url=http://www.beeld.com/sake/2014-02-16-de-hoop-dam-eers-later-voltooi |access-date=18 June 2014|agency=Beeld|date=16 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt;

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Steelpoort sune Kogin Klip, Kogin Dwars, [[Waterval River|Kogin Waterval]] da [[Kogin Spekboom]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steelpoort River: Hydrology and geohydrology |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052032/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |archive-date=2014-08-08 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dam ɗin De Hoop (Limpopo)|Madatsar ruwan De Hoop]] da ke kan Kogin Steelpoort ta fara aiki tun daga ƙarshen 2014.&lt;ref name=beeld&gt;{{cite news |last1=Celliers |first1=Heléne |title=De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi |url=http://www.beeld.com/sake/2014-02-16-de-hoop-dam-eers-later-voltooi |access-date=18 June 2014|agency=Beeld|date=16 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt;  

Wasu sassan wannan kogin sun shahara wajen yin kayak. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Steelpoort River |url=http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707010612/http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |archive-date=2012-07-07 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekhukhuneland, yankin tarihi na mutanen Pedi, yana tsakanin Kogin Steelpoort da Kogin Olifants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ba Pedi |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314132451/http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |archive-date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [http://www.nra.co.za/content/Tubatse1.pdf Karamar hukumar Greater Tubatse]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/topic/steelpoort-river Kogin Steelpoort - Labarai - Labaran Injiniya]
* [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17.pdf Taswirar Cibiyoyin Ruwa a Kogin Steelpoort, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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'''Kogin Steelpoort, iNdubazi''' ko '''Tubatse'''  kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana gudana zuwa arewa maso gabas kuma mahaɗar dama ce ta Kogin Olifants, yana haɗuwa da shi a ƙarshen kwarinsa. Tushensa yana nan a Kwaggaskop, gona tsakanin Dullstroom, [[Stoffberg]] da Belfast.&lt;ref name=&quot;beeld&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Celliers |first1=Heléne |title=De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi |url=http://www.beeld.com/sake/2014-02-16-de-hoop-dam-eers-later-voltooi |access-date=18 June 2014|agency=Beeld|date=16 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt;

Manyan magudanan ruwa na Kogin Steelpoort sune Kogin Klip, Kogin Dwars, [[Waterval River|Kogin Waterval]] da [[Kogin Spekboom]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steelpoort River: Hydrology and geohydrology |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052032/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverMPUSteelpoort/STEELPOORTRiver_Hydrology%20.htm |archive-date=2014-08-08 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dam ɗin De Hoop (Limpopo)|Madatsar ruwan De Hoop]] da ke kan Kogin Steelpoort ta fara aiki tun daga ƙarshen 2014.&lt;ref name=beeld&gt;{{cite news |last1=Celliers |first1=Heléne |title=De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi |url=http://www.beeld.com/sake/2014-02-16-de-hoop-dam-eers-later-voltooi |access-date=18 June 2014|agency=Beeld|date=16 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt;  

Wasu sassan wannan kogin sun shahara wajen yin kayak. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Steelpoort River |url=http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707010612/http://adrian.playak.com/index.php/sa-mpumalanga-mainmenu-13/21-the-steelpoort-river# |archive-date=2012-07-07 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekhukhuneland, yankin tarihi na mutanen Pedi, yana tsakanin Kogin Steelpoort da Kogin Olifants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ba Pedi |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314132451/http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm# |archive-date=2012-03-14 |access-date=2012-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Kogin Olifants, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [http://www.nra.co.za/content/Tubatse1.pdf Karamar hukumar Greater Tubatse]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Tsarin Kogin Olifants]
* [http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/topic/steelpoort-river Kogin Steelpoort - Labarai - Labaran Injiniya]
* [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Working_Papers/working/WOR17.pdf Taswirar Cibiyoyin Ruwa a Kogin Steelpoort, Afirka ta Kudu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf Kogin Olifants]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Coiba spinetail</title>
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        <id>31123</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314314283|Coiba spinetail]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Coiba spinetail''' ( '''''Cranioleuca dissita''''' ) memba ne na gidan Furnariidae (ovenbirds) wanda ke da iyaka zuwa tsibirin Coiba da Ranchería, [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsarin Taxonomy da Tsarin ==
An fara bayyana wutsiyar baya ta Coiba a matsayin wani nau'in wutsiyar baya mai tsatsa ( ''C. vulpina'' ), kodayake marubucin ya lura cewa kusan yana da tabbacin matsayin nau'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wetmore&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wetmore |first=A. |date=1957 |title=The birds of Isla Coiba, Panama |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |volume=134 |pages=1–105}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ridgely da Gwynne a bayyane suke su ne farkon waɗanda suka yi maganinta a matsayin nau'in halitta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Robert Ridgely}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, Kwamitin Rarrabawa na Arewacin Amurka (NACC) na Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka (wanda yanzu shine American Ornithological Society ) ya amince da nau'in a matsayin daban bisa ga bambancin siffofi, ji, hali, da kuma kwayoyin halitta.  Kwamitin Ƙwayoyin Halitta na Duniya (IOC), Clements taxonomy, da BirdLife International 's ''Handbook of the Tsuntsayen Duniya'' sun biyo baya. Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba iri ɗaya ce . &lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Bayani ==
Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba tana {{Convert|15|to|16|cm|in}} tsayi. Sassan saman sa, ciki har da wutsiyar sa, launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, kodayake bayan sa ya ɗan yi fari. Yawancin fuskar sa mai laushi ne mai ɗan launin toka da kuma launin ruwan hoda mai kama da ruwan hoda . Makogwaronsa fari ne, ƙirjinsa da cikinsa fari ne da aka wanke da ruwa, kuma gefunsa suna da launin ruwan kasa. 

== Rarrabawa da wurin zama ==
Ana samun wutsiyar baya ta Coiba ne kawai a Tsibirin Coiba da kuma ƙaramin Tsibirin Ranchería da ke kusa da gabar tekun Pacific na yammacin Panama. Tana zaune a gefen daji na wurare masu zafi da na gefen hanya, amma tana guje wa yankunan daji, wuraren ciyawa, da wuraren da ke kewaye da gidaje. A tsayinta, tana tashi daga matakin teku zuwa kusa da saman kololuwar tsaunin Coiba mafi girma, Cerro Torre ( {{Convert|416|m|ft}} ). ). &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halayya ==

=== Ciyarwa ===
Jerin bishiyoyin baya na Coiba wani nau'in abincin dabbobi ne mai kama da na dabbobi: Yana hawa gangar bishiyoyi, yana tsalle tsakanin inabi da ƙananan rassan, yana rataye daga rassan, kuma yana yin ɗan gajeren tafiya tsakanin ƙasa. Yawanci yana duba ƙasa, kamar bawon gangar jikin bishiyoyi da gaɓoɓi, gansakuka, inabi, da tarin ganye, amma kuma yana gano ƙasa da ganye daga gare su. An lura da yawancin abincin dabbobi tsakanin {{Convert|7|and|10|m|ft}} a sama da ƙasa amma kuma ya faru kusa da ƙasa kuma har zuwa tsayin {{Convert|25|m|ft}} a sama da shi. Ba a yi cikakken bayani game da abincinsa ba amma ana ɗauka a matsayin [[Arthropod|arthropods]] kamar na sauran wutsiyoyin baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Kiwo ===</text>
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        <id>31123</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314314283|Coiba spinetail]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Coiba spinetail''' memba ne na gidan Furnariidae (ovenbirds) wanda ke da iyaka zuwa tsibirin Coiba da Ranchería, [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsarin Taxonomy da Tsarin ==
An fara bayyana wutsiyar baya ta Coiba a matsayin wani nau'in wutsiyar baya mai tsatsa ( ''C. vulpina'' ), kodayake marubucin ya lura cewa kusan yana da tabbacin matsayin nau'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wetmore&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wetmore |first=A. |date=1957 |title=The birds of Isla Coiba, Panama |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |volume=134 |pages=1–105}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ridgely da Gwynne a bayyane suke su ne farkon waɗanda suka yi maganinta a matsayin nau'in halitta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Robert Ridgely}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, Kwamitin Rarrabawa na Arewacin Amurka (NACC) na Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka (wanda yanzu shine American Ornithological Society ) ya amince da nau'in a matsayin daban bisa ga bambancin siffofi, ji, hali, da kuma kwayoyin halitta.  Kwamitin Ƙwayoyin Halitta na Duniya (IOC), Clements taxonomy, da BirdLife International 's ''Handbook of the Tsuntsayen Duniya'' sun biyo baya. Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba iri ɗaya ce . &lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Bayani ==
Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba tana {{Convert|15|to|16|cm|in}} tsayi. Sassan saman sa, ciki har da wutsiyar sa, launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, kodayake bayan sa ya ɗan yi fari. Yawancin fuskar sa mai laushi ne mai ɗan launin toka da kuma launin ruwan hoda mai kama da ruwan hoda . Makogwaronsa fari ne, ƙirjinsa da cikinsa fari ne da aka wanke da ruwa, kuma gefunsa suna da launin ruwan kasa. 

== Rarrabawa da wurin zama ==
Ana samun wutsiyar baya ta Coiba ne kawai a Tsibirin Coiba da kuma ƙaramin Tsibirin Ranchería da ke kusa da gabar tekun Pacific na yammacin Panama. Tana zaune a gefen daji na wurare masu zafi da na gefen hanya, amma tana guje wa yankunan daji, wuraren ciyawa, da wuraren da ke kewaye da gidaje. A tsayinta, tana tashi daga matakin teku zuwa kusa da saman kololuwar tsaunin Coiba mafi girma, Cerro Torre ( {{Convert|416|m|ft}} ). ). &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halayya ==

=== Ciyarwa ===
Jerin bishiyoyin baya na Coiba wani nau'in abincin dabbobi ne mai kama da na dabbobi: Yana hawa gangar bishiyoyi, yana tsalle tsakanin inabi da ƙananan rassan, yana rataye daga rassan, kuma yana yin ɗan gajeren tafiya tsakanin ƙasa. Yawanci yana duba ƙasa, kamar bawon gangar jikin bishiyoyi da gaɓoɓi, gansakuka, inabi, da tarin ganye, amma kuma yana gano ƙasa da ganye daga gare su. An lura da yawancin abincin dabbobi tsakanin {{Convert|7|and|10|m|ft}} a sama da ƙasa amma kuma ya faru kusa da ƙasa kuma har zuwa tsayin {{Convert|25|m|ft}} a sama da shi. Ba a yi cikakken bayani game da abincinsa ba amma ana ɗauka a matsayin [[Arthropod|arthropods]] kamar na sauran wutsiyoyin baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Kiwo ===
Lokacin kiwo na Coiba spinetail yana farawa ne daga Disamba zuwa Yuli, bisa ga kwanakin da aka lura da gina gida. Dukansu ma'aurata suna gina gida, wani tsari mai siffar duniya wanda aka yi shi da bawon itace da zare na dabino kuma an yi masa layi da iri da sauran kayan laushi. An haɗa shi da wani sirara a tsaye ko akwati ko tarin inabi kuma yana da ramin shiga ƙasa a gefe. Ba a san girman kama ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauti ===
Waƙar Coiba spinetail ita ce &quot;gajerun bayanai 2-4 na gabatarwa, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 4-6 da aka bayar da sauri a sautin guda, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 7 waɗanda ke raguwa da faɗuwa a sautin guda.&quot; Duk jinsi suna rera waƙa, amma da alama waƙar jinsi ɗaya ta fi ta ɗayan ƙarfi da haske. An san kira biyu, &quot; ''chidididit'' &quot; da &quot; ''deet-deet-dee-dididit'' &quot;. Na farko ya bayyana a matsayin kiran tuntuɓar juna, wanda galibi ana bayarwa yayin neman abinci ko lokacin tattara kayan gida. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi ==
Da farko, IUCN ta kimanta belin baya na Coiba a matsayin Near Threatened, amma tun daga shekarar 2020 an dauke shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da damuwa sosai. Duk da cewa yana da iyaka sosai (kimanin {{Convert|50,500|ha|sqmi}} ), &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; an kiyasta cewa yawan jama'arta ya kai akalla mutane 9000 da suka manyanta kuma suna ƙaruwa. Ba a gano wata barazana mai tsanani nan take ba. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Coiba spinetail''' memba ne na gidan Furnariidae (ovenbirds) wanda ke da iyaka zuwa tsibirin Coiba da Ranchería, [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsarin Taxonomy da Tsarin ==
An fara bayyana wutsiyar baya ta Coiba a matsayin wani nau'in wutsiyar baya mai tsatsa ( ''C. vulpina'' ), kodayake marubucin ya lura cewa kusan yana da tabbacin matsayin nau'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wetmore&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wetmore |first=A. |date=1957 |title=The birds of Isla Coiba, Panama |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |volume=134 |pages=1–105}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ridgely da Gwynne a bayyane suke su ne farkon waɗanda suka yi maganinta a matsayin nau'in halitta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Robert Ridgely}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, Kwamitin Rarrabawa na Arewacin Amurka (NACC) na Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka (wanda yanzu shine American Ornithological Society ) ya amince da nau'in a matsayin daban bisa ga bambancin siffofi, ji, hali, da kuma kwayoyin halitta.  Kwamitin Ƙwayoyin Halitta na Duniya (IOC), Clements taxonomy, da BirdLife International 's ''Handbook of the Tsuntsayen Duniya'' sun biyo baya. Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba iri ɗaya ce . &lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Bayani ==
Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba tana {{Convert|15|to|16|cm|in}} tsayi. Sassan saman sa, ciki har da wutsiyar sa, launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, kodayake bayan sa ya ɗan yi fari. Yawancin fuskar sa mai laushi ne mai ɗan launin toka da kuma launin ruwan hoda mai kama da ruwan hoda . Makogwaronsa fari ne, ƙirjinsa da cikinsa fari ne da aka wanke da ruwa, kuma gefunsa suna da launin ruwan kasa. 

== Rarrabawa da wurin zama ==
Ana samun wutsiyar baya ta Coiba ne kawai a Tsibirin Coiba da kuma ƙaramin Tsibirin Ranchería da ke kusa da gabar tekun Pacific na yammacin Panama. Tana zaune a gefen daji na wurare masu zafi da na gefen hanya, amma tana guje wa yankunan daji, wuraren ciyawa, da wuraren da ke kewaye da gidaje. A tsayinta, tana tashi daga matakin teku zuwa kusa da saman kololuwar tsaunin Coiba mafi girma, Cerro Torre ( {{Convert|416|m|ft}} ). ). &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halayya ==

=== Ciyarwa ===
Jerin bishiyoyin baya na Coiba wani nau'in abincin dabbobi ne mai kama da na dabbobi: Yana hawa gangar bishiyoyi, yana tsalle tsakanin inabi da ƙananan rassan, yana rataye daga rassan, kuma yana yin ɗan gajeren tafiya tsakanin ƙasa. Yawanci yana duba ƙasa, kamar bawon gangar jikin bishiyoyi da gaɓoɓi, gansakuka, inabi, da tarin ganye, amma kuma yana gano ƙasa da ganye daga gare su. An lura da yawancin abincin dabbobi tsakanin {{Convert|7|and|10|m|ft}} a sama da ƙasa amma kuma ya faru kusa da ƙasa kuma har zuwa tsayin {{Convert|25|m|ft}} a sama da shi. Ba a yi cikakken bayani game da abincinsa ba amma ana ɗauka a matsayin [[Arthropod|arthropods]] kamar na sauran wutsiyoyin baya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Kiwo ===
Lokacin kiwo na Coiba spinetail yana farawa ne daga Disamba zuwa Yuli, bisa ga kwanakin da aka lura da gina gida. Dukansu ma'aurata suna gina gida, wani tsari mai siffar duniya wanda aka yi shi da bawon itace da zare na dabino kuma an yi masa layi da iri da sauran kayan laushi. An haɗa shi da wani sirara a tsaye ko akwati ko tarin inabi kuma yana da ramin shiga ƙasa a gefe. Ba a san girman kama ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauti ===
Waƙar Coiba spinetail ita ce &quot;gajerun bayanai 2-4 na gabatarwa, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 4-6 da aka bayar da sauri a sautin guda, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 7 waɗanda ke raguwa da faɗuwa a sautin guda.&quot; Duk jinsi suna rera waƙa, amma da alama waƙar jinsi ɗaya ta fi ta ɗayan ƙarfi da haske. An san kira biyu, &quot; ''chidididit'' &quot; da &quot; ''deet-deet-dee-dididit'' &quot;. Na farko ya bayyana a matsayin kiran tuntuɓar juna, wanda galibi ana bayarwa yayin neman abinci ko lokacin tattara kayan gida. &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi ==
Da farko, IUCN ta kimanta belin baya na Coiba a matsayin Near Threatened, amma tun daga shekarar 2020 an dauke shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da damuwa sosai. Duk da cewa yana da iyaka sosai (kimanin {{Convert|50,500|ha|sqmi}} ), &lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; an kiyasta cewa yawan jama'arta ya kai akalla mutane 9000 da suka manyanta kuma suna ƙaruwa. Ba a gano wata barazana mai tsanani nan take ba. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Coiba spinetail''' memba ne na gidan Furnariidae (ovenbirds) wanda ke da iyaka zuwa tsibirin Coiba da Ranchería, [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tsarin Taxonomy da Tsarin ==
An fara bayyana wutsiyar baya ta Coiba a matsayin wani nau'in wutsiyar baya mai tsatsa ( ''C. vulpina'' ), kodayake marubucin ya lura cewa kusan yana da tabbacin matsayin nau'in.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wetmore&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wetmore |first=A. |date=1957 |title=The birds of Isla Coiba, Panama |journal=Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections |volume=134 |pages=1–105}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ridgely da Gwynne a bayyane suke su ne farkon waɗanda suka yi maganinta a matsayin nau'in halitta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Robert Ridgely}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, Kwamitin Rarrabawa na Arewacin Amurka (NACC) na Ƙungiyar Masana Ƙwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka (wanda yanzu shine American Ornithological Society ) ya amince da nau'in a matsayin daban bisa ga bambancin siffofi, ji, hali, da kuma kwayoyin halitta.  Kwamitin Ƙwayoyin Halitta na Duniya (IOC), Clements taxonomy, da BirdLife International 's ''Handbook of the Tsuntsayen Duniya'' sun biyo baya. Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba iri ɗaya ce.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOC11.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |access-date=July 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Bayani ==
Wutsiyar baya ta Coiba tana {{Convert|15|to|16|cm|in}} tsayi. Sassan saman sa, ciki har da wutsiyar sa, launin ruwan kasa ne mai launin ja, kodayake bayan sa ya ɗan yi fari. Yawancin fuskar sa mai laushi ne mai ɗan launin toka da kuma launin ruwan hoda mai kama da ruwan hoda. Makogwaronsa fari ne, ƙirjinsa da cikinsa fari ne da aka wanke da ruwa, kuma gefunsa suna da launin ruwan kasa. 

== Rarrabawa da wurin zama ==
Ana samun wutsiyar baya ta Coiba ne kawai a Tsibirin Coiba da kuma ƙaramin Tsibirin Ranchería da ke kusa da gabar tekun Pacific na yammacin Panama. Tana zaune a gefen daji na wurare masu zafi da na gefen hanya, amma tana guje wa yankunan daji, wuraren ciyawa, da wuraren da ke kewaye da gidaje. A tsayinta, tana tashi daga matakin teku zuwa kusa da saman kololuwar tsaunin Coiba mafi girma, Cerro Torre ( {{Convert|416|m|ft}} ). ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Halayya ==

=== Ciyarwa ===
Jerin bishiyoyin baya na Coiba wani nau'in abincin dabbobi ne mai kama da na dabbobi: Yana hawa gangar bishiyoyi, yana tsalle tsakanin inabi da ƙananan rassan, yana rataye daga rassan, kuma yana yin ɗan gajeren tafiya tsakanin ƙasa. Yawanci yana duba ƙasa, kamar bawon gangar jikin bishiyoyi da gaɓoɓi, gansakuka, inabi, da tarin ganye, amma kuma yana gano ƙasa da ganye daga gare su. An lura da yawancin abincin dabbobi tsakanin {{Convert|7|and|10|m|ft}} a sama da ƙasa amma kuma ya faru kusa da ƙasa kuma har zuwa tsayin {{Convert|25|m|ft}} a sama da shi. Ba a yi cikakken bayani game da abincinsa ba amma ana ɗauka a matsayin [[Arthropod|arthropods]] kamar na sauran wutsiyoyin baya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Kiwo ===
Lokacin kiwo na Coiba spinetail yana farawa ne daga Disamba zuwa Yuli, bisa ga kwanakin da aka lura da gina gida. Dukansu ma'aurata suna gina gida, wani tsari mai siffar duniya wanda aka yi shi da bawon itace da zare na dabino kuma an yi masa layi da iri da sauran kayan laushi. An haɗa shi da wani sirara a tsaye ko akwati ko tarin inabi kuma yana da ramin shiga ƙasa a gefe. Ba a san girman kama ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sauti ===
Waƙar Coiba spinetail ita ce &quot;gajerun bayanai 2-4 na gabatarwa, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 4-6 da aka bayar da sauri a sautin guda, sai kuma waƙoƙin da suka fi tsayi 7 waɗanda ke raguwa da faɗuwa a sautin guda.&quot; Duk jinsi suna rera waƙa, amma da alama waƙar jinsi ɗaya ta fi ta ɗayan ƙarfi da haske. An san kira biyu, &quot; ''chidididit'' &quot; da &quot; ''deet-deet-dee-dididit'' &quot;. Na farko ya bayyana a matsayin kiran tuntuɓar juna, wanda galibi ana bayarwa yayin neman abinci ko lokacin tattara kayan gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayi ==
Da farko, IUCN ta kimanta belin baya na Coiba a matsayin Near Threatened, amma tun daga shekarar 2020 an dauke shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da damuwa sosai. Duk da cewa yana da iyaka sosai (kimanin {{Convert|50,500|ha|sqmi}} ),&lt;ref name=&quot;Blewett&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Blewett |first=Christina M. |last2=Angehr |first2=George R. |last3=Ochoa de Pérez |first3=Isis |date=2021 |title=Ecology, behavior, and vocalizations of the Coiba Spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita''), a Panama endemic |journal=[[The Wilson Journal of Ornithology]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=11–21}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlewettAngehrOchoa_de_Pérez2021&quot;&gt;Blewett, Christina M.; Angehr, George R.; Ochoa de Pérez, Isis (2021). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; an kiyasta cewa yawan jama'arta ya kai akalla mutane 9000 da suka manyanta kuma suna ƙaruwa. Ba a gano wata barazana mai tsanani nan take ba. 

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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353047531|James Nwoye Adichie]]&quot;</comment>
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Cif '''James Nwoye Adichie''' Listenⓘ (1 Maris 1932 - 10 Yuni 2020)  masanin kimiyya ne na Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa na farko na kididdiga a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] [[Nsukka]] . Shi ne mahaifin marubuciyar nan [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] .

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Adichie a ranar 1 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1932 a Abba, wanda ke [[Njikoka]], [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] .  Bayan haihuwarsa ba da dadewaba, ya koma Awkuzu daga baya kuma zuwa [[Nimo, Najeriya|Nimo]], inda ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Nimo don karatun farko.

A shekarar 1957, ya shiga [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan]], don ya karanci nazarin lissafi, ya kammala a shekara ta 1960. Daga nan sai ya jona sashen bincike a [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN).  Bayan barin CBN, Adichie ya koma bangaren  ilimi a matsayin malamin lissafi a [[Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Najeriya]] a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] kuma daga baya ya zama mataimakin lakcara a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Nsukka . A watan Satumbar 1963, ya bar Najeriya don neman digirin (PHD) a fannin kididdiga a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin Erich Leo Lehmann . Ya sami digirin (PHD) din sa a shekarar 1966, ya zama dan Najeriya na farko da ya sami digirin PhD a cikin kididdiga daga UC Berkeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=James Nwoye Adichie |url=https://statistics.berkeley.edu/people/james-nwoye-adichie |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312120259/https://statistics.berkeley.edu/people/james-nwoye-adichie |archive-date=12 March 2025 |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Department of Statistics |publisher=University of California, Berkeley}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1976, ya zama farfesa na farko na kididdiga a Jami'ar Najeriya kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban jami,a daga 1980 zuwa 1984, ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1997. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

A tsawon lokacin da yake aiki, Adichie ya wallafa labarai a cikin mujallu da mujallu na ilimi. Ayyukansa na ilimi sun haɗa da zumunci a Jami'ar Sheffield a Ingila da kuma wani lokaci a matsayin farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'an Jihar San Diego a California, tare da aiki a matsayin editan farko na Journal of Statistical Association of Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; A ranar 2 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015, yayin da yake komawa Abba daga [[Nsukka]], a kayi karkuwa da Adichie. A cewar rahotanni daga Pulse Nigeria, 'yarsa, [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], ta bayyana a cikin The New York Times cewa ta kasance wani dalili ne da ya haifar da sacewar.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adichie |first=Chimamanda Ngozi |date=30 May 2015 |title=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: My Father's Kidnapping |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/opinion/sunday/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-my-fathers-kidnapping.html?smid=tw-nytopinion&amp;_r=1 |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake shi bayan kwana uku bayan biyan kudin fansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot; /&gt;

== Kyauta ==
Adichie shine &quot;Odelora Abba&quot;, taken shugaban Najeriya. Memba ne na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Kasar Najeriya kan Kididdiga, yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka sake tsara Ofishin Kididdiga na Tarayya wanda daga baya aka sake gyara shi zuwa Ofishin Kidida na Kasa.
[[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mojisola Meranda</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348203265|Mojisola Meranda]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Mojisola Lasbat Meranda''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1980) 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Legas tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025. Ta taba aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar kakakin daga watan Yunin shekarar 2023 zuwa watan Janairu 2025, kuma a matsayin kakakin daga watan Janairu zuwa Maris na shekarar 2025, biyo bayan tsigewar  [[Mudashiru Obasa]] kan zargin mummunar hali da cin zarafin mukamin a watan Janairu, da kuma dawo da shi a watan Maris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |title=Obasa impeached: Lagos House of Assembly impeach Mudashiru Obasa, appoint Mojisola Meranda as new Speaker |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cew52274ly5o |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance 'yar majalisa da ke wakiltar mazabar [[Apapa]] I tun watan Yunin 2015. 

A ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, makonni shida da kasan cewarta Kakaki, Meranda ta yi murabus daga ofishinta kuma an sake zabar ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Legas, yayin da aka sake dawo da Obasa a matsayin Kakakin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oyero |first=Kayode |date=2025-03-03 |title=Meranda Resigns As Lagos Speaker, Re-Elected Deputy Speaker |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/03/03/breaking-mojisola-meranda-resigns-as-lagos-speaker/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]]
[[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mohlapitse</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1119358055|Mohlapitse River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" sha1="gup1u9xesywjpm2lirqkztq48yzucaw" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Mohlapitse'''  ƙaramin kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma babban rafin Kogin Olifants ne, yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a kusurwar 90°.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]</text>
      <sha1>gup1u9xesywjpm2lirqkztq48yzucaw</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844712</id>
      <parentid>844711</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <text bytes="842" sha1="tnmm80lc7o8jsdjmk1qvxuc0aqkpc9p" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Mohlapitse'''  ƙaramin kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma babban rafin Kogin Olifants ne,&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a kusurwar 90°.&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="855" sha1="3p1ssx53y3zomq9k6w0qofvnf0ozm7c" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Mohlapitse'''  ƙaramin kogi ne a lardin Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt; Yana kwarara zuwa kudu kuma babban rafin Kogin Olifants ne,&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt; yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a kusurwar 90°.&lt;ref name = &quot;gn974910&quot;&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/974910/mohlapitse.html Map of the Mhlapitse at Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2011-04-19; database downloaded 2017-02-28&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Wilge</title>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316301546|Wilge River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Wilge''' (Afrikaans: Wilgerivier, ma'ana &quot;kogin willow&quot;) wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a tsakiyar [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Wannan kogin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Canja wurin Ruwa na Tugela-Vaal inda ake canja wurin ruwa daga [[kogin Tugela]] zuwa kwarin [[Kogin Vaal]]. 

Kifin rawaya mai girma yana nan a cikin ruwan Kogin Wilge, yana kai girman da ya yi yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=9.5kg Giant Largemouth Yellowfish caught in the Wilge River with a 5wt fly rod |url=http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224209/http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2012-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Majiyoyinsa sun kai kusan 50&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso gabashin Harrismith, a kan iyaka da KwaZulu-Natal. A saman hanyarsa kogin yana kwarara kusan kudu maso yamma daga tushensa, sannan ya nufi yamma yayin da yake lanƙwasa arewa zuwa Harrismith, yana ratsa ƙarshen kudu na [[Platberg]] inda akwai mahaɗin [[Nuwejaarspruit]] daga hagu.

Gaba da arewa Kogin Elands ya haɗu da gefen hagu. Sai [[Meul River|Kogin Meul]] da [[Cornelis River|Kogin Cornelis]] suka haɗu da gefen dama. Yana ci gaba da gudana a cikin alkiblar NNW, tare da Kogin Liebenbergsvlei daga hagu, yayin da yake wucewa kusa da Frankfort kuma yana gudana arewa maso yamma har sai ya haɗu da Vaal a [[Rashin ruwa na Vaal|madatsar ruwa ta Vaal]] da ke ƙasa. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Dam ɗin Sterkfontein|Madatsar ruwan Sterkfontein]] da madatsar ruwan Driekloof, a cikin Nuwejaarspruit - Sterkfontein ita ce madatsar ruwa ta uku mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Kusan dukkan ruwan da ke cikinta ana fitar da shi ne daga kwaZulu-Natal. An gina shi kafin a samar da [[Shirin Ruwa na Highlands|aikin ruwa na Lesotho Highlands]], wannan muhimmin tushen ruwa ne ga Gauteng.
* [[Dam ɗin Fika-Patso|Dam Fika-Patso]], in the Namahadi River (Elands)

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;165&quot;&gt;
Fayil:11_of_'History_of_the_Boers_in_South_Africa_..._with_three_maps'_(11191958004),_crop2.jpg|alt=The Wilge River and its tributaries on a map of 1887| Kogin Wilge da magudanar ruwa a taswirar 1887
Fayil:The_Second_Boer_War,_1899-1902_Q72297.jpg|alt=A horse train fording the river during the Second Boer War| Jirgin doki da ke bin kogin a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Tsarin Ajiya na Drakensberg
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Wilge RiverWilgerivierWilge RiverWilgerivierWilge RiverWilgerivierWilge RiverWilgerivierWilge RiverWilgerivier
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Tsarin ruwa na jihar Tugela-Vaal a matsayin hadarin bilharzia]</text>
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'''Kogin Wilge''' (Afrikaans: Wilgerivier, ma'ana &quot;kogin willow&quot;) wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a tsakiyar [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Wannan kogin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Canja wurin Ruwa na Tugela-Vaal inda ake canja wurin ruwa daga [[kogin Tugela]] zuwa kwarin [[Kogin Vaal]]. 

Kifin rawaya mai girma yana nan a cikin ruwan Kogin Wilge, yana kai girman da ya yi yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=9.5kg Giant Largemouth Yellowfish caught in the Wilge River with a 5wt fly rod |url=http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224209/http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2012-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Majiyoyinsa sun kai kusan 50&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso gabashin Harrismith, a kan iyaka da KwaZulu-Natal. A saman hanyarsa kogin yana kwarara kusan kudu maso yamma daga tushensa, sannan ya nufi yamma yayin da yake lanƙwasa arewa zuwa Harrismith, yana ratsa ƙarshen kudu na [[Platberg]] inda akwai mahaɗin [[Nuwejaarspruit]] daga hagu.

Gaba da arewa Kogin Elands ya haɗu da gefen hagu. Sai [[Meul River|Kogin Meul]] da [[Cornelis River|Kogin Cornelis]] suka haɗu da gefen dama. Yana ci gaba da gudana a cikin alkiblar NNW, tare da Kogin Liebenbergsvlei daga hagu, yayin da yake wucewa kusa da Frankfort kuma yana gudana arewa maso yamma har sai ya haɗu da Vaal a [[Rashin ruwa na Vaal|madatsar ruwa ta Vaal]] da ke ƙasa. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Dam ɗin Sterkfontein|Madatsar ruwan Sterkfontein]] da madatsar ruwan Driekloof, a cikin Nuwejaarspruit - Sterkfontein ita ce madatsar ruwa ta uku mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Kusan dukkan ruwan da ke cikinta ana fitar da shi ne daga kwaZulu-Natal. An gina shi kafin a samar da [[Shirin Ruwa na Highlands|aikin ruwa na Lesotho Highlands]], wannan muhimmin tushen ruwa ne ga Gauteng.
* [[Dam ɗin Fika-Patso|Dam Fika-Patso]], in the Namahadi River (Elands)

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;165&quot;&gt;
Fayil:11_of_'History_of_the_Boers_in_South_Africa_..._with_three_maps'_(11191958004),_crop2.jpg|alt=The Wilge River and its tributaries on a map of 1887| Kogin Wilge da magudanar ruwa a taswirar 1887
Fayil:The_Second_Boer_War,_1899-1902_Q72297.jpg|alt=A horse train fording the river during the Second Boer War| Jirgin doki da ke bin kogin a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Tsarin Ajiya na Drakensberg
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Tsarin ruwa na jihar Tugela-Vaal a matsayin hadarin bilharzia]</text>
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'''Kogin Wilge''' (Afrikaans: Wilgerivier, ma'ana &quot;kogin willow&quot;) wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a tsakiyar [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kogin yana da mahimmanci a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Canja wurin Ruwa na Tugela-Vaal inda ake canja wurin ruwa daga [[kogin Tugela]] zuwa kwarin [[Kogin Vaal]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/thukela/Background.htm Tugela-Vaal Water Project]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Kifin rawaya mai girma yana nan a cikin ruwan Kogin Wilge, yana kai girman da ya yi yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=9.5kg Giant Largemouth Yellowfish caught in the Wilge River with a 5wt fly rod |url=http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224209/http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2012-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Majiyoyinsa sun kai kusan 50&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso gabashin Harrismith, a kan iyaka da KwaZulu-Natal. A saman hanyarsa kogin yana kwarara kusan kudu maso yamma daga tushensa, sannan ya nufi yamma yayin da yake lanƙwasa arewa zuwa Harrismith, yana ratsa ƙarshen kudu na [[Platberg]] inda akwai mahaɗin [[Nuwejaarspruit]] daga hagu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal WMA 8]&lt;/ref&gt;

Gaba da arewa Kogin Elands ya haɗu da gefen hagu. Sai [[Meul River|Kogin Meul]] da [[Cornelis River|Kogin Cornelis]] suka haɗu da gefen dama. Yana ci gaba da gudana a cikin alkiblar NNW, tare da Kogin Liebenbergsvlei daga hagu, yayin da yake wucewa kusa da Frankfort kuma yana gudana arewa maso yamma har sai ya haɗu da Vaal a [[Rashin ruwa na Vaal|madatsar ruwa ta Vaal]] da ke ƙasa. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Dam ɗin Sterkfontein|Madatsar ruwan Sterkfontein]] da madatsar ruwan Driekloof, a cikin Nuwejaarspruit - Sterkfontein ita ce madatsar ruwa ta uku mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu. Kusan dukkan ruwan da ke cikinta ana fitar da shi ne daga kwaZulu-Natal. An gina shi kafin a samar da [[Shirin Ruwa na Highlands|aikin ruwa na Lesotho Highlands]], wannan muhimmin tushen ruwa ne ga Gauteng.
* [[Dam ɗin Fika-Patso|Dam Fika-Patso]], in the Namahadi River (Elands)

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;165&quot;&gt;
Fayil:11_of_'History_of_the_Boers_in_South_Africa_..._with_three_maps'_(11191958004),_crop2.jpg|alt=The Wilge River and its tributaries on a map of 1887| Kogin Wilge da magudanar ruwa a taswirar 1887
Fayil:The_Second_Boer_War,_1899-1902_Q72297.jpg|alt=A horse train fording the river during the Second Boer War| Jirgin doki da ke bin kogin a lokacin Yaƙin Boer na Biyu
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Tsarin Ajiya na Drakensberg
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Tsarin ruwa na jihar Tugela-Vaal a matsayin hadarin bilharzia]</text>
      <sha1>80xjrejemtv0tui1dcbxpidh19cv0vf</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kabiru Ado Lakwaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844718</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:10:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348010667|Kabiru Ado Lakwaya]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2529" sha1="sc1vw6eefuwl4ujum7ryy0fjkcev28z" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa Kabiru Ado Lakwaya''' Listeniis ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda memba ne na [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]], kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2019 |title=Screened and confirmed the appointment of 20 commissioners nominees |url=https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105214206/https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/ |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=January 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Kabiru Ado ne a Lakwaya Ward na karamar hukumar [[Gwarzo]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] .

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
Lakwaya ya kasance shugaban dalibai, ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] (NAKSS) yayin da yake karatun digiri a [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami'ar Usman Danfodio]] ta [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] . Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Kwamishina, Lakwaya ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Matasa ta Kasa ta Jihar Kano ta Najeriya.  Lakwaya takarar kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano a cikin Babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 a karkashin tsarin All Progressive Congress APC inda ya sauka don memba mai ci gaba wanda ke wakiltar [[Gwarzo]] a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Kano.

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta Gwamna [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Time |first=Prime |date=November 9, 2020 |title=KABIRU ADO LAKWAYA: The Most Active Commissioner In Kano State |url=https://primetimenews.com.ng/2020/11/09/kabiru-ado-lakwaya-the-most-active-commissioner-in-kano-state/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2019 |title=Governor Ganduje sends 20 Commissioner-nominees to Kano assembly |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/governor-ganduje-sends-20-commissioner-nominees-kano-assembly-261422 |website=TODAY}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga matasa da wasanni ga Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Sen. Barau I. Jibrin

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844719</id>
      <parentid>844718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:12:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2479" sha1="3lwvrsmtw6uvtn50m0rkk2f7p8fbks5" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Kabiru Ado Lakwaya''' Listeniis ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda memba ne na [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]], kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2019 |title=Screened and confirmed the appointment of 20 commissioners nominees |url=https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105214206/https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/ |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=January 7, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Kabiru Ado ne a Lakwaya Ward na karamar hukumar [[Gwarzo]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] .

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
Lakwaya ya kasance shugaban dalibai, ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] (NAKSS) yayin da yake karatun digiri a [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami'ar Usman Danfodio]] ta [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] . Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Kwamishina, Lakwaya ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Matasa ta Kasa ta Jihar Kano ta Najeriya.  Lakwaya takarar kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano a cikin Babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 a karkashin tsarin All Progressive Congress APC inda ya sauka don memba mai ci gaba wanda ke wakiltar [[Gwarzo]] a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Kano.

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta Gwamna [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Time |first=Prime |date=November 9, 2020 |title=KABIRU ADO LAKWAYA: The Most Active Commissioner In Kano State |url=https://primetimenews.com.ng/2020/11/09/kabiru-ado-lakwaya-the-most-active-commissioner-in-kano-state/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2019 |title=Governor Ganduje sends 20 Commissioner-nominees to Kano assembly |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/governor-ganduje-sends-20-commissioner-nominees-kano-assembly-261422 |website=TODAY}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga matasa da wasanni ga Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Sen. Barau I. Jibrin

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>3lwvrsmtw6uvtn50m0rkk2f7p8fbks5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844724</id>
      <parentid>844719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:18:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844724</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2818" sha1="iqx4r077up1yvyp7i5q5tdawxsoap0s" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Kabiru Ado Lakwaya''' Listeniis ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda memba ne na [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]], kuma tsohon Kwamishinan Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/|title=Screened and confirmed the appointment of 20 commissioners nominees|date=November 10, 2019|access-date=January 7, 2021|archive-date=November 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105214206/https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/2019/11/10/the-house-has-screened-and-confirmed-the-appointment-of-20-commissioners-nominated-by-governor-abdullahi-ganduje/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=editing|date=2020-11-13|title=Kano Governor, Ganduje's Aide Distributes Donkeys To Empower Youth In State|url=http://saharareporters.com/2020/11/13/kano-governor-ganduje%E2%80%99s-aide-distributes-donkeys-empower-youth-state|location=New York City, United States|access-date=2022-02-23|newspaper=[[Sahara Reporters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Kabiru Ado ne a Lakwaya Ward na karamar hukumar [[Gwarzo]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] .

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
Lakwaya ya kasance shugaban dalibai, ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] (NAKSS) yayin da yake karatun digiri a [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami'ar Usman Danfodio]] ta [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]] . Kafin nadin sa a matsayin Kwamishina, Lakwaya ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Matasa ta Kasa ta Jihar Kano ta Najeriya.  Lakwaya takarar kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano a cikin Babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 a karkashin tsarin All Progressive Congress APC inda ya sauka don memba mai ci gaba wanda ke wakiltar [[Gwarzo]] a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Kano.

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Matasa da Ci gaban Wasanni ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta Gwamna [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Time |first=Prime |date=November 9, 2020 |title=KABIRU ADO LAKWAYA: The Most Active Commissioner In Kano State |url=https://primetimenews.com.ng/2020/11/09/kabiru-ado-lakwaya-the-most-active-commissioner-in-kano-state/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2019 |title=Governor Ganduje sends 20 Commissioner-nominees to Kano assembly |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/governor-ganduje-sends-20-commissioner-nominees-kano-assembly-261422 |website=TODAY}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Lakwaya a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga matasa da wasanni ga Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai Sen. Barau I. Jibrin

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Kano|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Kano]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
      <sha1>iqx4r077up1yvyp7i5q5tdawxsoap0s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Matala</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153927</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844720</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:13:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335497408|Matala Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844720</origin>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Matala''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a fadin [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]], a [[Angola]], wacce ta shigar da ƙarfin ƙarni na {{Convert|40|MW}} MW (54,000 . Tashar wutar lantarki ta zo kan layi a shekara ta 1954.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajan Gupta |date=15 February 2010 |title=Matala Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/4201 |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan bakin kogin Kunene, a garin Matala, a Lardin Huíla, a kudu maso yammacin Angola. Matala tana da nisan kilomita 175 (109 , ta hanyar hanya, gabashin birnin [[Lubango]], babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 985 ne (612 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Luanda]], babban birnin Angola.

== Tarihi ==
A shekara ta 1954, an ba da madatsar ruwan Matala tare da manufa biyu na samar da ruwa don ban ruwa ga yankin da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ga kudu maso yammacin Angola.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Martiniello |date=1 April 2016 |title=Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba a taɓa samun ƙarfin shigarwa na asali na megawatts 39 ba, amma gyare-gyare na gaba a cikin 2001, 2011 da 2016 sun yi ƙoƙari su cimma ƙarfin ƙarni na akalla megawatts 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=15 April 2021 |title=Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na musamman ==
Dam din Matala yana da ma'auni mai ma'aunin sama da mita 700 (2,2 , a tsawon. Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin hadaddun sun haɗa da ƙofar shiga, hanyar fita, ƙofofin motsi, kayan aikin injiniya na lantarki, layin wutar lantarki da kayan sauyawa. Dam din ya haifar da tafki tare da matsakaicin yanki na murabba'in kilomita 41 (,000 acres), tare da damar ajiya na 60,000,000  mita (2.118880003 cu ft). &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot; /&gt;

== Gyara da gyare-gyare ==
An kafa shi a shekara ta 1954, an gyara madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 2001 da 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=15 April 2021 |title=Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2021&quot;&gt;Kunene River Awareness Kit (15 April 2021). [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM &quot;Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola&quot;]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2011, Empresa Publica de Producao de Electricidade (PRODEL), mai mallakar tashar wutar lantarki ya hayar ''SNC Lavalin Inc.'', wani kamfani na Kanada don &quot; inganta lafiyar wurin da ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa&quot; a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 249.6. An gudanar da gyare-gyare a matakai.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Martiniello |date=1 April 2016 |title=Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Martiniello2016&quot;&gt;Anthony Martiniello (1 April 2016). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ &quot;Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam&quot;]. Hydroreview.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=25 March 2013 |title=Angola's Matala Hydroelectric Project Progresses |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/top-stories/angola-s-matala-hydroelectric-project-progresses/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Clarion Events (Pty) Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=20 July 2016 |title=Phase two of rehabilitation and upgrade beginning at 40-MW Matala hydropower project in Angola |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/storage/phase-two-of-rehabilitation-and-upgrade-beginning-at-40-mw-matala-hydropower-project-in-angola/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Renewable Energy World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844721</id>
      <parentid>844720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:14:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="4948" sha1="obod5yb03ip9v39qw124lkkor1jm01z" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Matala''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a fadin [[Kogin Cunene|Kogin Kunene]], a [[Angola]], wacce ta shigar da ƙarfin ƙarni na {{Convert|40|MW}} MW (54,000 . Tashar wutar lantarki ta zo kan layi a shekara ta 1954.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajan Gupta |date=15 February 2010 |title=Matala Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/4201 |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan bakin kogin Kunene, a garin Matala, a Lardin Huíla, a kudu maso yammacin Angola. Matala tana da nisan kilomita 175 (109 , ta hanyar hanya, gabashin birnin [[Lubango]], babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 985 ne (612 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin birnin [[Luanda]], babban birnin Angola.

== Tarihi ==
A shekara ta 1954, an ba da madatsar ruwan Matala tare da manufa biyu na samar da ruwa don ban ruwa ga yankin da kuma samar da wutar lantarki ga kudu maso yammacin Angola.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Martiniello |date=1 April 2016 |title=Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba a taɓa samun ƙarfin shigarwa na asali na megawatts 39 ba, amma gyare-gyare na gaba a cikin 2001, 2011 da 2016 sun yi ƙoƙari su cimma ƙarfin ƙarni na akalla megawatts 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=15 April 2021 |title=Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na musamman ==
Dam din Matala yana da ma'auni mai ma'aunin sama da mita 700 (2,2 , a tsawon. Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin hadaddun sun haɗa da ƙofar shiga, hanyar fita, ƙofofin motsi, kayan aikin injiniya na lantarki, layin wutar lantarki da kayan sauyawa. Dam din ya haifar da tafki tare da matsakaicin yanki na murabba'in kilomita 41 (,000 acres), tare da damar ajiya na 60,000,000  mita (2.118880003 cu ft). &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot; /&gt;

== Gyara da gyare-gyare ==
An kafa shi a shekara ta 1954, an gyara madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 2001 da 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kunene River Awareness Kit |date=15 April 2021 |title=Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola |url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKunene_River_Awareness_Kit2021&quot;&gt;Kunene River Awareness Kit (15 April 2021). [http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM &quot;Kunene River Awareness Kit: Infrastructure for Hydropower in Angola&quot;]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2011, Empresa Publica de Producao de Electricidade (PRODEL), mai mallakar tashar wutar lantarki ya hayar ''SNC Lavalin Inc.'', wani kamfani na Kanada don &quot; inganta lafiyar wurin da ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa&quot; a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 249.6. An gudanar da gyare-gyare a matakai.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Martiniello |date=1 April 2016 |title=Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Martiniello2016&quot;&gt;Anthony Martiniello (1 April 2016). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ &quot;Multi-faceted Challenges at Matala Dam&quot;]. Hydroreview.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=ESI-Africa |date=25 March 2013 |title=Angola's Matala Hydroelectric Project Progresses |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/top-stories/angola-s-matala-hydroelectric-project-progresses/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Clarion Events (Pty) Limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=20 July 2016 |title=Phase two of rehabilitation and upgrade beginning at 40-MW Matala hydropower project in Angola |url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/storage/phase-two-of-rehabilitation-and-upgrade-beginning-at-40-mw-matala-hydropower-project-in-angola/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |publisher=Renewable Energy World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Angola

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>obod5yb03ip9v39qw124lkkor1jm01z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Botswana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844722</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1258384221|List of dams and reservoirs in Botswana]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844722</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3519" sha1="0k4r02lvt2mzjttpy6h4hvepu06ln7x" xml:space="preserve">Wadannan sune '''jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Botswana'''.

== Jerin madatsun ruwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
!Sunan madatsar ruwa
!Birni mafi kusa
!Gundumar
!Abubuwan da ake zargi da su
!Shekarar da aka kirkira
!Capacity (megalitre) 
!Wurin da yake
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|[[Dam din Bokaa]]
|Bokaa
|Gundumar Kgatleng
|Kogin Metsimotlhabe
|1990
|18,500
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.452154|S|25.997764|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Majelantle |first=A. |date=October 2009 |title=BOTSWANA WATER STATISTICS |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-07 |access-date=2010-07-07 |publisher=Central Statistics Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;birding&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Dikgatlhong]]
|Robela
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Shashe
|2011
|400,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.549008|S|27.981034|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|Dam din Gaborone
|[[Gaborone]]
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|Kogin Notwane
|1963
|141,100
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.718299|S|25.907478|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Letsibogo]]
|Mmadinare
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Motloutse
|2000
|100,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.828357|S|27.713013|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Lotsane]]
|Maunatlala
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Lotsane
|2012
|40,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22.591976|S|27.61443|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|Dam din Mogobane
|Mogobane
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|[[Mogobane River|Kogin Mogobane]]
|1937
|
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.974388|S|25.696635|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;birding&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hester |first=Andrew |last2=Tyler |first2=Stephanie J. |last3=Simic |first3=Dragan |title=Birding Gaborone (Botswana) |url=http://www.camacdonald.com/birding/africabotswanaBirdingGaborone.htm |access-date=2010-07-07 |publisher=BirdLife Botswana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Rashin ruwa na Nnywane
|Lobatse
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|[[Nnywane River|Kogin Nnywane]]
|1970
|2,300
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|25.11467|S|25.68237|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Dam din Ntimbale
|[[Tantebane]]
|Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas
|[[Kogin Tati]]
|2004
|26,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|20.868115|S|27.469254|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Rashin ruwa na Shashe
|[[Shashe Mooke]]
|Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas
|Kogin Shashe
|1970
|85,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.345501|S|27.409978|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Dakin Thune
|Bobonong
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|[[Thune (Motloutse)|Kogin Thune]]
|2012
|90,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22.271098|S|28.800686|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin koguna na Botswana
* [[Lakes of Botswana|Tafkunan Botswana]]
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>0k4r02lvt2mzjttpy6h4hvepu06ln7x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844723</id>
      <parentid>844722</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:15:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844723</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3532" sha1="n3l9h38vavr7zesmnc7jrq47xpmv8jm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Wadannan sune '''jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna a Botswana'''.

== Jerin madatsun ruwa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
!Sunan madatsar ruwa
!Birni mafi kusa
!Gundumar
!Abubuwan da ake zargi da su
!Shekarar da aka kirkira
!Capacity (megalitre) 
!Wurin da yake
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|[[Dam din Bokaa]]
|Bokaa
|Gundumar Kgatleng
|Kogin Metsimotlhabe
|1990
|18,500
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.452154|S|25.997764|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Majelantle |first=A. |date=October 2009 |title=BOTSWANA WATER STATISTICS |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-07 |access-date=2010-07-07 |publisher=Central Statistics Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;birding&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Dikgatlhong]]
|Robela
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Shashe
|2011
|400,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.549008|S|27.981034|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|Dam din Gaborone
|[[Gaborone]]
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|Kogin Notwane
|1963
|141,100
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.718299|S|25.907478|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Letsibogo]]
|Mmadinare
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Motloutse
|2000
|100,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.828357|S|27.713013|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|[[Dam din Lotsane]]
|Maunatlala
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|Kogin Lotsane
|2012
|40,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22.591976|S|27.61443|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|Dam din Mogobane
|Mogobane
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|[[Mogobane River|Kogin Mogobane]]
|1937
|
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|24.974388|S|25.696635|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;birding&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hester |first=Andrew |last2=Tyler |first2=Stephanie J. |last3=Simic |first3=Dragan |title=Birding Gaborone (Botswana) |url=http://www.camacdonald.com/birding/africabotswanaBirdingGaborone.htm |access-date=2010-07-07 |publisher=BirdLife Botswana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Rashin ruwa na Nnywane
|Lobatse
|Gundumar Kudu maso Gabas
|[[Nnywane River|Kogin Nnywane]]
|1970
|2,300
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|25.11467|S|25.68237|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Dam din Ntimbale
|[[Tantebane]]
|Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas
|[[Kogin Tati]]
|2004
|26,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|20.868115|S|27.469254|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Rashin ruwa na Shashe
|[[Shashe Mooke]]
|Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas
|Kogin Shashe
|1970
|85,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|21.345501|S|27.409978|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;water&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Dakin Thune
|Bobonong
|Gundumar Tsakiya
|[[Thune (Motloutse)|Kogin Thune]]
|2012
|90,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coord|22.271098|S|28.800686|E|region:BW_type:landmark}}
|
|-
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin koguna na Botswana
* [[Lakes of Botswana|Tafkunan Botswana]]
* Jerin madatsun ruwa da tafkuna

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>n3l9h38vavr7zesmnc7jrq47xpmv8jm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Vals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844725</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:20:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299275957|Vals River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2119" sha1="tt35ud44k0cxhatvazyr95nxk4nlmz3" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Vals''' wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a cikin Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogi ne mai ƙarfi na yanayi.

Wannan kogin na Tsarin Tsakiyar Vaal wuri ne mai kyau don kamun kifi, musamman ma Largemouth Yellowfish na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mafarin kogin yana da kimanin mita 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Paul Roux da kuma kusan 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bethlehem. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin hanyar N5 jim kaɗan bayan tushenta. A saman hanyarsa Kogin Vals yana gudana kusan arewa, yana karkata arewa maso yamma zuwa kan babban tsaunin zuwa Lindley kuma yana yawo a faɗin fili.

A tsakiyar hanyarsa akwai wasu ramuka da yawa yayin da yake kwarara galibi ta cikin yankunan amfanin gona na busassun ƙasa kuma ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa. Vals yana karɓar ƙananan magudanar ruwa da yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune [[Blomspruit]] da [[Liebenbergstroom]]. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da Vaal bayan ya ketare birnin Kroonstad. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Serfontein Dam]], kusa da Kroonstad
* [[Barend Wessel Dam]], na Kroonstad
* [[Dam din Bloemhoek|Bloemhoek Dam]], a cikin [[Jordaan Spruit]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Vals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals RiverVals River
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Mazauna Jihar Free State sun damu da yadda najasa ke kwarara zuwa Kogin Vals]</text>
      <sha1>tt35ud44k0cxhatvazyr95nxk4nlmz3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844728</id>
      <parentid>844725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:22:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>844728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2029" sha1="r6yfx2dkdpzem1iulwwm6y5rou47fyq" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Vals''' wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a cikin Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogi ne mai ƙarfi na yanayi.

Wannan kogin na Tsarin Tsakiyar Vaal wuri ne mai kyau don kamun kifi, musamman ma Largemouth Yellowfish na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mafarin kogin yana da kimanin mita 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Paul Roux da kuma kusan 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bethlehem. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin hanyar N5 jim kaɗan bayan tushenta. A saman hanyarsa Kogin Vals yana gudana kusan arewa, yana karkata arewa maso yamma zuwa kan babban tsaunin zuwa Lindley kuma yana yawo a faɗin fili.

A tsakiyar hanyarsa akwai wasu ramuka da yawa yayin da yake kwarara galibi ta cikin yankunan amfanin gona na busassun ƙasa kuma ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa. Vals yana karɓar ƙananan magudanar ruwa da yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune [[Blomspruit]] da [[Liebenbergstroom]]. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da Vaal bayan ya ketare birnin Kroonstad. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Serfontein Dam]], kusa da Kroonstad
* [[Barend Wessel Dam]], na Kroonstad
* [[Dam din Bloemhoek|Bloemhoek Dam]], a cikin [[Jordaan Spruit]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Mazauna Jihar Free State sun damu da yadda najasa ke kwarara zuwa Kogin Vals]</text>
      <sha1>r6yfx2dkdpzem1iulwwm6y5rou47fyq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844731</id>
      <parentid>844728</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:23:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2171" sha1="k3msyt1dykgfy1mjutrms6hd024meja" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Vals''' wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a cikin Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogi ne mai ƙarfi na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan kogin na Tsarin Tsakiyar Vaal wuri ne mai kyau don kamun kifi, musamman ma Largemouth Yellowfish na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mafarin kogin yana da kimanin mita 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Paul Roux da kuma kusan 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bethlehem. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin hanyar N5 jim kaɗan bayan tushenta. A saman hanyarsa Kogin Vals yana gudana kusan arewa, yana karkata arewa maso yamma zuwa kan babban tsaunin zuwa Lindley kuma yana yawo a faɗin fili.

A tsakiyar hanyarsa akwai wasu ramuka da yawa yayin da yake kwarara galibi ta cikin yankunan amfanin gona na busassun ƙasa kuma ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa. Vals yana karɓar ƙananan magudanar ruwa da yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune [[Blomspruit]] da [[Liebenbergstroom]]. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da Vaal bayan ya ketare birnin Kroonstad. 

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Serfontein Dam]], kusa da Kroonstad
* [[Barend Wessel Dam]], na Kroonstad
* [[Dam din Bloemhoek|Bloemhoek Dam]], a cikin [[Jordaan Spruit]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Mazauna Jihar Free State sun damu da yadda najasa ke kwarara zuwa Kogin Vals]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844732</id>
      <parentid>844731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:24:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kwarara */</comment>
      <origin>844732</origin>
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      <text bytes="2350" sha1="lv4821hwfnn3iz9i0nkvs4cq8dn5t17" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Vals''' wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a cikin Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogi ne mai ƙarfi na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan kogin na Tsarin Tsakiyar Vaal wuri ne mai kyau don kamun kifi, musamman ma Largemouth Yellowfish na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mafarin kogin yana da kimanin mita 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Paul Roux da kuma kusan 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bethlehem. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin hanyar N5 jim kaɗan bayan tushenta. A saman hanyarsa Kogin Vals yana gudana kusan arewa, yana karkata arewa maso yamma zuwa kan babban tsaunin zuwa Lindley kuma yana yawo a faɗin fili.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar hanyarsa akwai wasu ramuka da yawa yayin da yake kwarara galibi ta cikin yankunan amfanin gona na busassun ƙasa kuma ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa. Vals yana karɓar ƙananan magudanar ruwa da yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune [[Blomspruit]] da [[Liebenbergstroom]]. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da Vaal bayan ya ketare birnin Kroonstad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Serfontein Dam]], kusa da Kroonstad
* [[Barend Wessel Dam]], na Kroonstad
* [[Dam din Bloemhoek|Bloemhoek Dam]], a cikin [[Jordaan Spruit]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Mazauna Jihar Free State sun damu da yadda najasa ke kwarara zuwa Kogin Vals]</text>
      <sha1>lv4821hwfnn3iz9i0nkvs4cq8dn5t17</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844733</id>
      <parentid>844732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:24:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2363" sha1="baun13ap101ulrmhmnxad0rl1iw7h3f" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Vals''' wani yanki ne na [[kogin Vaal]] a cikin Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Kogi ne mai ƙarfi na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan kogin na Tsarin Tsakiyar Vaal wuri ne mai kyau don kamun kifi, musamman ma Largemouth Yellowfish na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mafarin kogin yana da kimanin mita 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Paul Roux da kuma kusan 25&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bethlehem. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin hanyar N5 jim kaɗan bayan tushenta. A saman hanyarsa Kogin Vals yana gudana kusan arewa, yana karkata arewa maso yamma zuwa kan babban tsaunin zuwa Lindley kuma yana yawo a faɗin fili.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsakiyar hanyarsa akwai wasu ramuka da yawa yayin da yake kwarara galibi ta cikin yankunan amfanin gona na busassun ƙasa kuma ana amfani da ruwansa don ban ruwa. Vals yana karɓar ƙananan magudanar ruwa da yawa, mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu sune [[Blomspruit]] da [[Liebenbergstroom]]. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da Vaal bayan ya ketare birnin Kroonstad.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kwarinsa ==

* [[Serfontein Dam]], kusa da Kroonstad
* [[Barend Wessel Dam]], na Kroonstad
* [[Dam din Bloemhoek|Bloemhoek Dam]], a cikin [[Jordaan Spruit]]

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Tsarin Kogin Yankin Jiha Kyauta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Mazauna Jihar Free State sun damu da yadda najasa ke kwarara zuwa Kogin Vals]</text>
      <sha1>baun13ap101ulrmhmnxad0rl1iw7h3f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Gaborone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153930</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844726</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:21:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337078272|Gaborone Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Gaborone]] Dam wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan  a [[Botswana]] tare da damar 141,,000  mita (4.98 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Kamfanin Ruwa ne ke sarrafa madatsar ruwan, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga babban birnin Gaborone.{{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}}

== Wurin da yake ==
Dam din {{Convert|10|°C}} yana kudu da Gaborone tare da hanyar Gaborone-Lobatse, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga Gaborone da Lobatse.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Yankin da ya dace ya rufe kimanin  kilomita 225 (87 sq , wanda [[Nywane rivers|Kogin Nywane]] da ƙananan kogin Taung, [[Metsemaswaane]] da Nywane suka kwashe.{{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Tsakanin 1971 da 2000, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance tsakanin 450 millimeters (18 in) da 550 millimeters (22 in). Yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 10 ° C (50 ° F)  hunturu zuwa {{Convert|37|°C}} ° C (99 ° F) A lokacin rani. Matsakaicin yiwuwar evapotranspiration shine kimanin millimeters 1,400 (55 in) a kowace shekara.{{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} {{Efn|In a dry environment where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, the soil and even the river beds will often be dry except in the rainy season.}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a 1963, yana kama ruwa daga Kogin Notwane, a lokacin da sabon babban birnin Gaborone ke cikin matakan shiryawa.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} An kammala madatsar ruwan ta asali a shekarar 1964.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Dam din tsari ne na cike da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} A lokacin ruwan sama na 1965-66 tafkin ya cika kuma ya cika.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}}

Tsakanin 1983 da 1985 an ɗaga madatsar ruwan da mita 7 (23  don ƙara ƙarfin, ya kai matsakaicin tsawo na mita 25 (82  da tsawon kilomita 3.6 (2.2 . Dole ne a ɗaga madatsar ruwan a hankali sosai don tabbatar da cewa yankin da ba shi da ruwa na madatsar ruwa ya kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma an faɗaɗa shi zuwa bankin da aka ɗaga.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Yawancin tafkin bai kai {{Convert|10|ft}}  zurfi ba.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} Yankin saman tafkin lokacin da ya cika yana da  kilomita 15 (5.8 sq.{{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}}

Har zuwa kammala madatsar ruwan Dikgatlhong a cikin 2011, madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone ita ce mafi girma a Botswana.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Tambayoyi ==
Bayan an buɗe madatsar ruwan kuma an cika ta, matsakaicin matakan ruwa ya fara sauka. A wani bangare, wannan ya faru ne saboda canjin cyclical a cikin ruwan sama, rage yawan ruwan da aka ciyar a cikin tafkin da kuma kara tasirin evaporation a cikin zafi, yanayin b. A wani bangare ya kasance saboda ci gaban birni da karuwar bukatar ruwa ga kowane mutum yayin da yawan jama'a suka zama masu wadata, ta amfani da ruwa don dalilai kamar cika tafkin wanka da wanke motoci. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2002 tafkin ya cika da kashi 79%, kuma a farkon shekara ta 2004 ya cika da 54%.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} A ƙarshen shekara ta 2004 tafkin ya cika da kashi 27% kawai kuma an tilasta wa gwamnati ta sanya takunkumi mai tsanani kan amfani da ruwa.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} A watan Satumbar 2005 tafkin ya sauka zuwa 17% cikakke, ko lita 34 (7.5   US  ga kowane ɗan ƙasa na Gaborone.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}}

A cikin ƙasar da ke fama da fari, samar da ruwa damuwa ce ta koyaushe. Alamar neon a cikin birni tana sanar da mazauna yadda tafkin ya cika.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} Rashin tafkin da yankin kore da ke kewaye da shi sune mafi girma kuma mafi rauni a yankin Gaborone.{{Sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004}} Wani littafi da aka buga a shekara ta 2004 ya lura cewa ruwan guguwa ba shi da kyau a Gaborone, yana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kan tituna, kuma cewa latrines da tafkunan ruwa masu yawa suna barazana ga ruwa a cikin tafkin.{{Sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004}}

== Amfani da tafkin ==
An fara tallata tafkin a matsayin wurin shakatawa. An shirya ƙarshen arewacin tafkin don zama wurin nishaɗi da ake kira The Waterfront .{{Sfn|All about Gaborone}} Akwai kulob din jirgin ruwa, wanda ake kira Gaborone Yacht Club, a gefen arewacin tafkin.{{Sfn|Gaborone Yacht Club}} Ƙarshen kudancin yana da Kalahari Fishing Club da sabon wurin jama'a da ake kira City Scapes . City Scapes ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa, wuraren wasa, da wuraren jirgin ruwa.{{Sfn|All about Gaborone}} Dam din ya shahara ne tare da Masu kallon tsuntsaye, Masu hawan iska, da masu kamun kifi.{{Sfn|HardyFirestone|2007}} Koyaya, babu yin iyo saboda crocodiles da parasitic Bilharzias, wanda zai iya watsa mummunar cutar [[Masasaku|schistosomiasis]].{{Sfn|African cities- Gaborone Culture}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844727</id>
      <parentid>844726</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:21:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844727</origin>
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      <text bytes="4619" sha1="htn5wtglv58uuuts1mr5sw39u2traar" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

[[Gaborone]] Dam wani madatsar ruwa ne a kan  a [[Botswana]] tare da damar 141,,000  mita (4.98 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Kamfanin Ruwa ne ke sarrafa madatsar ruwan, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga babban birnin Gaborone.{{Sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}}

== Wurin da yake ==
Dam din {{Convert|10|°C}} yana kudu da Gaborone tare da hanyar Gaborone-Lobatse, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga Gaborone da Lobatse.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Yankin da ya dace ya rufe kimanin  kilomita 225 (87 sq , wanda [[Nywane rivers|Kogin Nywane]] da ƙananan kogin Taung, [[Metsemaswaane]] da Nywane suka kwashe.{{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Tsakanin 1971 da 2000, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance tsakanin 450 millimeters (18 in) da 550 millimeters (22 in). Yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 10 ° C (50 ° F)  hunturu zuwa {{Convert|37|°C}} ° C (99 ° F) A lokacin rani. Matsakaicin yiwuwar evapotranspiration shine kimanin millimeters 1,400 (55 in) a kowace shekara.{{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} {{Efn|In a dry environment where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, the soil and even the river beds will often be dry except in the rainy season.}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Ginin madatsar ruwan ya fara ne a 1963, yana kama ruwa daga Kogin Notwane, a lokacin da sabon babban birnin Gaborone ke cikin matakan shiryawa.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} An kammala madatsar ruwan ta asali a shekarar 1964.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Dam din tsari ne na cike da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} A lokacin ruwan sama na 1965-66 tafkin ya cika kuma ya cika.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}}

Tsakanin 1983 da 1985 an ɗaga madatsar ruwan da mita 7 (23  don ƙara ƙarfin, ya kai matsakaicin tsawo na mita 25 (82  da tsawon kilomita 3.6 (2.2 . Dole ne a ɗaga madatsar ruwan a hankali sosai don tabbatar da cewa yankin da ba shi da ruwa na madatsar ruwa ya kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba kuma an faɗaɗa shi zuwa bankin da aka ɗaga.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Yawancin tafkin bai kai {{Convert|10|ft}}  zurfi ba.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} Yankin saman tafkin lokacin da ya cika yana da  kilomita 15 (5.8 sq.{{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}}

Har zuwa kammala madatsar ruwan Dikgatlhong a cikin 2011, madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone ita ce mafi girma a Botswana.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Tambayoyi ==
Bayan an buɗe madatsar ruwan kuma an cika ta, matsakaicin matakan ruwa ya fara sauka. A wani bangare, wannan ya faru ne saboda canjin cyclical a cikin ruwan sama, rage yawan ruwan da aka ciyar a cikin tafkin da kuma kara tasirin evaporation a cikin zafi, yanayin b. A wani bangare ya kasance saboda ci gaban birni da karuwar bukatar ruwa ga kowane mutum yayin da yawan jama'a suka zama masu wadata, ta amfani da ruwa don dalilai kamar cika tafkin wanka da wanke motoci. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2002 tafkin ya cika da kashi 79%, kuma a farkon shekara ta 2004 ya cika da 54%.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} A ƙarshen shekara ta 2004 tafkin ya cika da kashi 27% kawai kuma an tilasta wa gwamnati ta sanya takunkumi mai tsanani kan amfani da ruwa.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}} A watan Satumbar 2005 tafkin ya sauka zuwa 17% cikakke, ko lita 34 (7.5   US  ga kowane ɗan ƙasa na Gaborone.{{Sfn|Workman|2009}}

A cikin ƙasar da ke fama da fari, samar da ruwa damuwa ce ta koyaushe. Alamar neon a cikin birni tana sanar da mazauna yadda tafkin ya cika.{{Sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} Rashin tafkin da yankin kore da ke kewaye da shi sune mafi girma kuma mafi rauni a yankin Gaborone.{{Sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004}} Wani littafi da aka buga a shekara ta 2004 ya lura cewa ruwan guguwa ba shi da kyau a Gaborone, yana haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kan tituna, kuma cewa latrines da tafkunan ruwa masu yawa suna barazana ga ruwa a cikin tafkin.{{Sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004}}

== Amfani da tafkin ==
An fara tallata tafkin a matsayin wurin shakatawa. An shirya ƙarshen arewacin tafkin don zama wurin nishaɗi da ake kira The Waterfront .{{Sfn|All about Gaborone}} Akwai kulob din jirgin ruwa, wanda ake kira Gaborone Yacht Club, a gefen arewacin tafkin.{{Sfn|Gaborone Yacht Club}} Ƙarshen kudancin yana da Kalahari Fishing Club da sabon wurin jama'a da ake kira City Scapes . City Scapes ya ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa, wuraren wasa, da wuraren jirgin ruwa.{{Sfn|All about Gaborone}} Dam din ya shahara ne tare da Masu kallon tsuntsaye, Masu hawan iska, da masu kamun kifi.{{Sfn|HardyFirestone|2007}} Koyaya, babu yin iyo saboda crocodiles da parasitic Bilharzias, wanda zai iya watsa mummunar cutar [[Masasaku|schistosomiasis]].{{Sfn|African cities- Gaborone Culture}}

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>htn5wtglv58uuuts1mr5sw39u2traar</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Nnywane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153931</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844729</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:22:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336530552|Nnywane Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1843" sha1="bg2zgdwoa96mnju00m3i7o7w2rzvvfg" xml:space="preserve">Dam din Nnywane madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Nnywane River|Kogin Nnywane]] a [[Botswana]] . Wannan tafkin yana samar da ruwa ga Lobatse, wani gari mai nisan kilomita 70 (43  kudu da [[Gaborone]].{{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}} Ana iya canja wurin ruwa daga tafkin zuwa Gaborone idan an buƙata.{{Sfn|Prommer|2001}}

== Gine-gine ==
Dam din Nnywane shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin tafkunan da Kamfanin Ruwa ke sarrafawa.{{Sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006}} An gina madatsar ruwan a cikin 1970 tare da tsarin cika ƙasa. Yana da yanki na  kilomita 238 (92 sq . Yankin tafkin yana da  kilomita 1.65 (0.64 sq . {{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Wannan tafkin yana da damar  mita 2,300,000 (81,000,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Kogin Nnywane ne ke ciyar da shi, wanda ke gudana ne kawai a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990}} A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan Nnywane yana gudana cikin Kogin Ngotwane, wanda ke gudana cikin madatsar ruwa ta Ngotwane a Afirka ta Kudu. Kogin Ngotwane ya zama iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu kafin ya shiga cikin madatsar ruwan Gaborone.{{Sfn|Ngwanaamotho|2011}}

== Canjin samarwa ==
Saboda zafi, yanayin bushe, kusan kashi 2.3% na ruwan da aka adana a madatsar ruwan Nnywane ya ɓace ta hanyar evaporation a cikin shekara guda.{{Sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006}} Ruwan sama ba abin dogaro ba ne. Lokacin ruwan sama na 1978-79 shine farkon lokacin bushewa. An gama tafkin a 1982 kuma an tilasta samar da ruwa ga jama'a don canzawa zuwa famfo ruwa mai zurfi.{{Sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990}} Tsakanin 1998 da 2008 kashi na ƙarfin tafkin da aka cika ya kasance daga 39.1% a 2003 zuwa 100% a 2006. {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} A watan Yunin 2012, a lokacin hunturu mai bushewa, madatsar ruwan ta fadi zuwa 52% iya cikawa.{{Sfn|Morewagae|2012}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="1862" sha1="8h9mbvt8dw2qkb88af2xkql6rjgavxf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Nnywane''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Nnywane River|Kogin Nnywane]] a [[Botswana]] . Wannan tafkin yana samar da ruwa ga Lobatse, wani gari mai nisan kilomita 70 (43  kudu da [[Gaborone]].{{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}} Ana iya canja wurin ruwa daga tafkin zuwa Gaborone idan an buƙata.{{Sfn|Prommer|2001}}

== Gine-gine ==
Dam din Nnywane shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin tafkunan da Kamfanin Ruwa ke sarrafawa.{{Sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006}} An gina madatsar ruwan a cikin 1970 tare da tsarin cika ƙasa. Yana da yanki na  kilomita 238 (92 sq . Yankin tafkin yana da  kilomita 1.65 (0.64 sq . {{Sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Wannan tafkin yana da damar  mita 2,300,000 (81,000,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Kogin Nnywane ne ke ciyar da shi, wanda ke gudana ne kawai a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990}} A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan Nnywane yana gudana cikin Kogin Ngotwane, wanda ke gudana cikin madatsar ruwa ta Ngotwane a Afirka ta Kudu. Kogin Ngotwane ya zama iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu kafin ya shiga cikin madatsar ruwan Gaborone.{{Sfn|Ngwanaamotho|2011}}

== Canjin samarwa ==
Saboda zafi, yanayin bushe, kusan kashi 2.3% na ruwan da aka adana a madatsar ruwan Nnywane ya ɓace ta hanyar evaporation a cikin shekara guda.{{Sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006}} Ruwan sama ba abin dogaro ba ne. Lokacin ruwan sama na 1978-79 shine farkon lokacin bushewa. An gama tafkin a 1982 kuma an tilasta samar da ruwa ga jama'a don canzawa zuwa famfo ruwa mai zurfi.{{Sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990}} Tsakanin 1998 da 2008 kashi na ƙarfin tafkin da aka cika ya kasance daga 39.1% a 2003 zuwa 100% a 2006. {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} A watan Yunin 2012, a lokacin hunturu mai bushewa, madatsar ruwan ta fadi zuwa 52% iya cikawa.{{Sfn|Morewagae|2012}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal''' lauya ne kuma babban mai kare shari'a daga Najeriya. Ya shahara wajen gudanar da manyan shari'o'i na kasuwanci, rikice-rikicen doka, da kuma kare manyan mutane a kotunan Najeriya. Shi ne babban abokin hulɗa (Lead Partner) na kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Labi-Lawal &amp; Co'''. An san shi da ƙwarewa a harkokin shari'a, sasanci, da kuma ayyukan sakatariyar kamfanoni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/?p=10849 |title=Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal |publish...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5242" sha1="dgw9owii4h70kznjuhxr7bhprxyp18v" xml:space="preserve">'''Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal''' lauya ne kuma babban mai kare shari'a daga Najeriya. Ya shahara wajen gudanar da manyan shari'o'i na kasuwanci, rikice-rikicen doka, da kuma kare manyan mutane a kotunan Najeriya. Shi ne babban abokin hulɗa (Lead Partner) na kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Labi-Lawal &amp; Co'''. An san shi da ƙwarewa a harkokin shari'a, sasanci, da kuma ayyukan sakatariyar kamfanoni. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/?p=10849 |title=Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal |publisher=Labi-Lawal &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
Labi-Lawal ya yi karatun digirin farko na shari'a (LL.B) a Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), kafin ya halarci Makarantar Koyar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School), inda aka kira shi zuwa aikin lauya. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Tayo Oyetibo &amp; Co''', wanda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Senior Advocate of Nigeria). A shekarar 2013 ya koma Jami'ar Legas domin yin digirin digirgir na biyu (Master's Degree) a fannin Dokokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa da Diflomasiyya (International Law and Diplomacy). Haka kuma memba ne na Chartered Institute of Administration. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/?p=10849 |title=Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal |publisher=Labi-Lawal &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Jami'ar Legas, ya samu lambar yabo ta '''Federal Government Scholar''' saboda bajintarsa a fannin ilimi. Wannan nasarar ta taimaka wajen kafa tubalin aikinsa a harkar shari'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/?p=10849 |title=Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal |publisher=Labi-Lawal &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
Bayan ya shiga aikin lauya, Labi-Lawal ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na shari'a da suka haɗa da shari'o'in kasuwanci, rikice-rikicen kasuwanci, da shari'o'in kotu. A cewar kamfaninsa, ya wakilci kamfanoni na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje a muhimman shari'o'i da mu'amaloli daban-daban. Haka kuma ya kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi da suka kare wasu 'yan takarar gwamna a kotunan sauraron ƙararrakin zaɓe a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/?p=10849 |title=Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal |publisher=Labi-Lawal &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayin shugaban kamfanin '''Labi-Lawal &amp; Co''', ya jagoranci ayyukan lauyoyi da dama tare da ba da shawarar doka ga kamfanoni da daidaikun mutane. Kamfanin ya bayyana shi a matsayin lauya mai ƙwarewa da mutunci a fannin kare haƙƙin abokan hulɗarsa a kotu. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://labilawalandco.com/our-team/ |title=Our Team |publisher=Labi-Lawal &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahararrun shari'o'i ==
Labi-Lawal ya samu karɓuwa sosai a kafafen yaɗa labarai sakamakon kasancewarsa cikin lauyoyin da suka kare tsohon gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN), '''Godwin Emefiele''', a wasu shari'o'in da Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa (EFCC) ta shigar. A shekarar 2024, ya nemi kotu ta ba Emefiele beli tare da jaddada cewa ba zai tsere daga shari'a ba saboda matsayinsa a ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/04/court-remands-emefiele-in-efcc-custody/ |title=Court remands Emefiele in EFCC custody |work=Vanguard |date=9 April 2024 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/alleged-4-8b-n2-8b-fraud-emefiele-pleads-not-guilty/ |title=Alleged $4.8b, N2.8b fraud: Emefiele pleads not guilty |work=The Nation |date=2024 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani lokaci kuma, ya wakilci wasu kamfanoni da suka ƙalubalanci umarnin ƙwace wasu kadarori da kuɗaɗe da ake dangantawa da tsohon shugaban Hukumar NIMASA, Patrick Akpobolokemi. Kotu daga baya ta soke wasu daga cikin umarnin ƙwacen bayan sauraron hujjojin da Labi-Lawal ya gabatar. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://leadership.ng/court-vacates-order-on-property-n725m-linked-to-ex-nimasa-boss/ |title=Court Vacates Order On Property, N725m Linked To Ex-NIMASA Boss |work=Leadership |date=2024 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2024/06/13/ex-nimasa-boss-to-recover-property-as-court-lifts-forfeiture-order/ |title=Ex-NIMASA Boss To Recover Property As Court Lifts Forfeiture Order |work=Channels Television |date=13 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa ==
A shekarar 2025, an naɗa Abdulakeem Labi-Lawal cikin lauyoyin da aka ba muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai mafi girma da lauya zai iya samu a Najeriya. Wannan karramawa tana nuna irin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban harkar shari'a da kuma ƙwarewarsa a aikin lauya. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_Advocate_of_Nigeria |title=Senior Advocate of Nigeria |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_senior_advocates_of_Nigeria |title=List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
* [[Godwin Emefiele]]
* [[University of Lagos]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

Bayanan da ke sama an gina su ne daga sahihan kafafen labarai da bayanan kamfanin lauyoyinsa.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Mogobane</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307181580|Mogobane Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2213" sha1="cqhg0xxq697ev25d4sghln9m4zdu9pp" xml:space="preserve">'''Dam din Mogobane''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Mogobane River|Kogin Mogobane]] a Botswana . {{Sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} Ana amfani da madatsar ruwan don ban ruwa kuma tana tallafawa wurin tsarkake tsuntsaye.

== Asalin ==
An haɓaka Shirin Ruwa na Mogobane a zamanin mulkin mallaka ta amfani da ma'aikatan Balete don gina wuraren zama, ɗakin ajiya da ɗakunan ajiya, madatsar ruwa, tashar ruwa da hekta 50 (120 acres) na filayen da za a iya ban ruwa. Majalisar gundumar ta karbe ta a shekarar 1966. {{Sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} An canja shi zuwa Malete Land Board lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1972, sannan aka ba da hayar ga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Botswana (BDC). {{Sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} A shekara ta 2001, ana sayar da gonar ban ruwa.{{Sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} A wani taro a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003, Balete suna kira ga morafe don dawo da Shirin Ruwa na Mogobane, wanda kakanninsu suka gina a ƙasarsu.{{Sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}}

== Amfani da shi ==
Dam din yana samar da ruwa ga dabbobi da mazaunan ƙauyen Mogobane.{{Sfn|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 1982, madatsar ruwan ta cika da kwari na [[Masasaku|Bilharzia]] sabili da haka ba za a iya amfani da shi don yin iyo ba. Dole ne a tafasa ruwa kafin a sha shi.{{Sfn|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}} A lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa, madatsar ruwan na iya cikawa, ambaliyar da ke kusa da ƙauyen Mogobane.{{Sfn|Mgwanaamotho|2011}}

== Tsuntsaye na ruwa ==
Akwai wurin tsarkake tsuntsaye da ke kan iyaka da madatsar ruwan zuwa yamma, tare da burin kare tsuntsayen da ba a rarraba su a matsayin tsuntsaye ba.{{Sfn|Du Saussay|1984}} Gidan tafkin yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, tare da nau'in nau'in saba'in da aka rubuta a lokuta daban-daban na shekara ciki har da nau'o'in 11 na herons da egrets, nau'o-nau'in 14 na ducks da geese da nau'i 24 na waders. A lokacin rani waders suna amfani da ƙananan, kuma Black-headed da Grey Herons, Cattle Egret, Reed Cormorant da African Spoonbill suna haifuwa a cikin gadaje a tsakiyar ƙananan lokacin da ruwa ke kewaye da su. Ana samun Waxbill mai ƙirji da Cisticola mai wutsiya a cikin kara da ciyawa a kusa da tafkin.{{Sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="2226" sha1="330n4s1iydee2cbuo1yffirynu9wff1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Mogobane''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Mogobane River|Kogin Mogobane]] a Botswana . {{Sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} Ana amfani da madatsar ruwan don ban ruwa kuma tana tallafawa wurin tsarkake tsuntsaye.

== Asalin ==
An haɓaka Shirin Ruwa na Mogobane a zamanin mulkin mallaka ta amfani da ma'aikatan Balete don gina wuraren zama, ɗakin ajiya da ɗakunan ajiya, madatsar ruwa, tashar ruwa da hekta 50 (120 acres) na filayen da za a iya ban ruwa. Majalisar gundumar ta karbe ta a shekarar 1966. {{Sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} An canja shi zuwa Malete Land Board lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1972, sannan aka ba da hayar ga Kamfanin Ci Gaban Botswana (BDC). {{Sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} A shekara ta 2001, ana sayar da gonar ban ruwa.{{Sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} A wani taro a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003, Balete suna kira ga morafe don dawo da Shirin Ruwa na Mogobane, wanda kakanninsu suka gina a ƙasarsu.{{Sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}}

== Amfani da shi ==
Dam din yana samar da ruwa ga dabbobi da mazaunan ƙauyen Mogobane.{{Sfn|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} Ya zuwa shekara ta 1982, madatsar ruwan ta cika da kwari na [[Masasaku|Bilharzia]] sabili da haka ba za a iya amfani da shi don yin iyo ba. Dole ne a tafasa ruwa kafin a sha shi.{{Sfn|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}} A lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa, madatsar ruwan na iya cikawa, ambaliyar da ke kusa da ƙauyen Mogobane.{{Sfn|Mgwanaamotho|2011}}

== Tsuntsaye na ruwa ==
Akwai wurin tsarkake tsuntsaye da ke kan iyaka da madatsar ruwan zuwa yamma, tare da burin kare tsuntsayen da ba a rarraba su a matsayin tsuntsaye ba.{{Sfn|Du Saussay|1984}} Gidan tafkin yana da nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, tare da nau'in nau'in saba'in da aka rubuta a lokuta daban-daban na shekara ciki har da nau'o'in 11 na herons da egrets, nau'o-nau'in 14 na ducks da geese da nau'i 24 na waders. A lokacin rani waders suna amfani da ƙananan, kuma Black-headed da Grey Herons, Cattle Egret, Reed Cormorant da African Spoonbill suna haifuwa a cikin gadaje a tsakiyar ƙananan lokacin da ruwa ke kewaye da su. Ana samun Waxbill mai ƙirji da Cisticola mai wutsiya a cikin kara da ciyawa a kusa da tafkin.{{Sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Senior Advocate of Nigeria</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria''' ('''SAN''') wata babbar lambar yabo ce ta ƙwarewa da ake bai wa fitattun lauyoyi a Najeriya waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewa, nagarta da gudummawa ta musamman a harkar shari'a. Ana ɗaukar wannan matsayi a matsayin mafi girman matsayi da lauya zai iya samu a fannin lauya a Najeriya, kuma yana daidai da matsayin ''King's Counsel (KC)'' ko ''Queen's Counsel (QC)'' a ƙasar Birtaniya. Masu wannan matsayi ana kiransu membobin '''Inner Bar''', wato manya...</comment>
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      <text bytes="6511" sha1="tkxh2o2ybbq3nzbqgdu42yhpbaxp7q2" xml:space="preserve">'''Senior Advocate of Nigeria''' ('''SAN''') wata babbar lambar yabo ce ta ƙwarewa da ake bai wa fitattun lauyoyi a Najeriya waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewa, nagarta da gudummawa ta musamman a harkar shari'a. Ana ɗaukar wannan matsayi a matsayin mafi girman matsayi da lauya zai iya samu a fannin lauya a Najeriya, kuma yana daidai da matsayin ''King's Counsel (KC)'' ko ''Queen's Counsel (QC)'' a ƙasar Birtaniya. Masu wannan matsayi ana kiransu membobin '''Inner Bar''', wato manyan lauyoyi masu daraja ta musamman a tsarin shari'ar ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/explainer-how-to-become-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/|title=How to become a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=ICIR Nigeria|date=2024-04-01|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lawglobalhub.com/section-5-legal-practitioners-act-1975-lfn-2004/|title=Section 5 Legal Practitioners Act 1975 LFN 2004|publisher=LawGlobal Hub|date=2025-06-19|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An fara bayar da matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria''' a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1975. Mutanen farko da suka samu wannan matsayi su ne '''Chief Frederick Rotimi Alade Williams (F.R.A. Williams)''' da '''Dr. Nabo Graham-Douglas'''. Tun daga lokacin ne ake ci gaba da ba wa fitattun lauyoyi wannan matsayi a duk shekara, sai dai wasu shekarun da ba a gudanar da nadin ba kamar 1976, 1977 da 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kikio.ng/complete-san-list-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/|title=Complete List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=Kikio.ng|date=2025|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.businessday.ng/professional-services/article/new-silks-unveiled/|title=New Silks Unveiled|publisher=BusinessDay|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hukumar da ke bayar da SAN ==
Ana bayar da matsayi na SAN ne ta hannun '''Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee''' (LPPC), wata hukuma da Dokar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya ta kafa. Shugaban Alkalan Najeriya (Chief Justice of Nigeria) ne ke jagorantar kwamitin, tare da Attorney General na Tarayya, shugaban Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara, shugaban Kotun Tarayya, wasu manyan alkalai da kuma wasu SAN da aka zaɓa domin gudanar da aikin tantance masu neman wannan matsayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lawglobalhub.com/section-5-legal-practitioners-act-1975-lfn-2004/|title=Section 5 Legal Practitioners Act 1975 LFN 2004|publisher=LawGlobal Hub|date=2025-06-19|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/explainer-how-to-become-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/|title=How to become a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=ICIR Nigeria|date=2024-04-01|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sharuɗɗan samun SAN ==
Domin lauya ya samu matsayin SAN dole ne ya kasance yana aikin lauya a Najeriya na tsawon akalla shekaru goma. Haka kuma ana la'akari da ƙwarewarsa a kotuna, kyakkyawan ɗabi'arsa, gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban fannin shari'a, da kuma mutuncinsa a cikin al'ummar lauyoyi. Ana buƙatar masu neman wannan matsayi su gabatar da takardunsu, sannan jama'a ko abokan sana'a na iya gabatar da ƙorafe-ƙorafe idan suna da hujjojin da za su hana a ba wani ɗan takara matsayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/explainer-how-to-become-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/|title=How to become a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=ICIR Nigeria|date=2024-04-01|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.lawglobalhub.com/section-5-legal-practitioners-act-1975-lfn-2004/|title=Section 5 Legal Practitioners Act 1975 LFN 2004|publisher=LawGlobal Hub|date=2025-06-19|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmancin Matsayin SAN ==
Matsayin SAN yana nuna cewa lauya ya kai wani matsayi na musamman a sana'arsa. Masu wannan matsayi suna da gata a kotuna kuma suna da tasiri sosai a harkokin shari'a. Har ila yau, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen horar da matasa lauyoyi da kuma taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin shari'a a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/explainer-how-to-become-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/|title=How to become a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=ICIR Nigeria|date=2024-04-01|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mace ta farko da ta samu SAN ==
'''Chief Mrs. Folake Solanke''' ita ce mace ta farko da aka ba matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria. Ta samu wannan matsayi a shekarar 1981, shekaru shida bayan kafa tsarin SAN a Najeriya. Wannan nasara ta buɗe ƙofa ga mata da dama a harkar shari'a domin neman kaiwa wannan matsayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://kikio.ng/complete-san-list-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/|title=Complete List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN)|publisher=Kikio.ng|date=2025|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabbin Nadin SAN ==
A shekarar 2025, LPPC ta amince da nadin sabbin lauyoyi 57 zuwa matsayin SAN, ciki har da lauyoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma wani farfesa daga fannin ilimin shari'a. Hukumar ta bayyana cewa an zaɓe su ne bisa cancanta, ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga ci gaban harkar shari'a a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nannews.ng/legal-practitioners-privileges-committee-releases-names-of-57-new-sans/|title=LPPC releases names of 57 new SANs|publisher=News Agency of Nigeria|date=2025-07-24|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.arise.tv/lppc-approves-elevation-of-57-lawyers-to-rank-of-senior-advocate-of-nigeria/|title=LPPC Approves Elevation of 57 Lawyers to Rank of SAN|publisher=Arise News|date=2025-07-25|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin SAN a yau ==
A yau, SAN na ci gaba da kasancewa mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi a Najeriya. A shekarar 2026, LPPC ta sake jaddada cewa babu wani matsayi makamancin SAN da take amincewa da shi, bayan ta yi watsi da wani sabon suna mai taken ''Blue Silk''. Hukumar ta bayyana cewa SAN ne kaɗai matsayi na doka da aka tanada domin manyan lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/856281-lppc-disclaims-blue-silk-rank-vows-to-protect-sanctity-of-san-designation.html/|title=LPPC disclaims 'Blue Silk' rank|publisher=Premium Times|date=2026-02-12|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://punchng.com/lppc-rejects-blue-silk-title-reaffirms-san-as-highest-rank/|title=LPPC rejects Blue Silk title|publisher=Punch Newspapers|date=2026-02-12|access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Nigerian Bar Association]]
* [[Supreme Court of Nigeria]]
* [[Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>tkxh2o2ybbq3nzbqgdu42yhpbaxp7q2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buenavista, Michoacán</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844738</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:31:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352209750|Buenavista, Michoacán]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844738</origin>
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      <text bytes="4799" sha1="po3mfdtdr7mhfqujjt8jeu3lqv0ez02" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba Buenavista''' wata [[Michoacán]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;karamar hukuma ce a jihar Michoacán ta Mexico .

== Ƙungiyar siyasa ==
Garin yana cikin jihar Michoacán na Ocampo, a yammacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kilomita  (145  daga babban bir jihar Morelia . Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 922.15 (356.04 mi2), yana kan iyaka da kananan hukumomin Peribán, Tancítaro, Apatzingán, Aguililla da Tepalcatepec, tare da jihar Jalisco zuwa yamma. 

A cikin 2020, karamar hukumar tana da jimlar mazauna 45,538. Daga cikin wadannan, 23,007 maza ne (50.5%) kuma 22,531 mata ne (49.5%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buenavista: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |url=https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/geo/buenavista |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Data México |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan  [[Buenavista Tomatlán]], tare da yawan mutane kusan 8,500. Wannan wurin zama yana aiki a matsayin karamar hukuma ga dukan yankin, tare da shugaban birni, syndic, da wakilai 7 da ake kira regidores. Sauran manyan al'ummomi sun hada da Carillo Puerto, {{Interlanguage link|Santa Ana Amatlán|es}}, Pizándaro da 18 de Marzo.[es] Babban ayyukan tattalin arziki na kananan hukumomi shine noma da kiwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 450 (1,480  sama da matakin teku, yana kan tuddai na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt da kwarin da Kogin Tepalcatepec ya kafa. Shahararrun tsaunuka sun haɗa da tuddai da ake kira Zirapatiro, Del Azucar, Felipe Catlan, Los Osotes da Polon. Wannan kogi yana da mafi yawan ruwan da ke cikin gari, tare da sauran da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da rafi suka bayar.

=== Yanayi ===
Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi wanda ke tsakanin digiri 18 zuwa 36 C. Yana da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 745.2mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
Tsarin halittu ya mamaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'o'in kamar pine da itacen oak a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma tare da kapok, ''parota'', te Mintje, mango da ''Zapote'' (''Diospyros digyna'' da ''Casimiroa edulis''). Har ila yau, akwai yankunan da ke da ƙaya mai zafi. Kayan dabbobi na al'ada sun haɗa da nau'o'in kamar cacomistle, skunks, squirrels, coyotes, foxes, Eurasian sparrowhawk, doves da sauran tsuntsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Sunan yana nufin &quot;ra'ayi mai kyau&quot; a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sunan asali shine Tomatlán Buenavista, tare da sunan farko daga Nahuatl wanda ke nufin &quot;wurin tumatir&quot;. Yankin ya fara zama a hukumance ta hanyar Mexicas a lokacin pre-Hispanic, amma yawan jama'arta sun haɗu da na Purhepecha da [[Pirinda]]. Wannan al'umma ta kasance a arewacin wurin zama na gari na yanzu, wanda yanzu shine wurin binciken tarihi a wani ranch da ake kira Pueblo Viejo . Bayan nasarar Mutanen Espanya, wurin garin Buenavista na yanzu ya fara ne a matsayin hacienda. Bayan samun 'Yancin kai, ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon karamar hukumar Apatzingán. An kafa karamar hukumar ta yanzu a 1927, ta karɓi ƙasa daga garuruwan Apatzingán da Tancítaro, tare da wurin zama mai suna Buenavista Tomatlán . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>po3mfdtdr7mhfqujjt8jeu3lqv0ez02</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844739</id>
      <parentid>844738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:32:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tarihi */</comment>
      <origin>844739</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4646" sha1="7xkgtaz04fmgvi05iw3onvl0c0jbwx3" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba Buenavista''' wata [[Michoacán]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;karamar hukuma ce a jihar Michoacán ta Mexico .

== Ƙungiyar siyasa ==
Garin yana cikin jihar Michoacán na Ocampo, a yammacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kilomita  (145  daga babban bir jihar Morelia . Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 922.15 (356.04 mi2), yana kan iyaka da kananan hukumomin Peribán, Tancítaro, Apatzingán, Aguililla da Tepalcatepec, tare da jihar Jalisco zuwa yamma. 

A cikin 2020, karamar hukumar tana da jimlar mazauna 45,538. Daga cikin wadannan, 23,007 maza ne (50.5%) kuma 22,531 mata ne (49.5%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buenavista: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |url=https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/geo/buenavista |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Data México |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan  [[Buenavista Tomatlán]], tare da yawan mutane kusan 8,500. Wannan wurin zama yana aiki a matsayin karamar hukuma ga dukan yankin, tare da shugaban birni, syndic, da wakilai 7 da ake kira regidores. Sauran manyan al'ummomi sun hada da Carillo Puerto, {{Interlanguage link|Santa Ana Amatlán|es}}, Pizándaro da 18 de Marzo.[es] Babban ayyukan tattalin arziki na kananan hukumomi shine noma da kiwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 450 (1,480  sama da matakin teku, yana kan tuddai na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt da kwarin da Kogin Tepalcatepec ya kafa. Shahararrun tsaunuka sun haɗa da tuddai da ake kira Zirapatiro, Del Azucar, Felipe Catlan, Los Osotes da Polon. Wannan kogi yana da mafi yawan ruwan da ke cikin gari, tare da sauran da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da rafi suka bayar.

=== Yanayi ===
Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi wanda ke tsakanin digiri 18 zuwa 36 C. Yana da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 745.2mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
Tsarin halittu ya mamaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'o'in kamar pine da itacen oak a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma tare da kapok, ''parota'', te Mintje, mango da ''Zapote'' (''Diospyros digyna'' da ''Casimiroa edulis''). Har ila yau, akwai yankunan da ke da ƙaya mai zafi. Kayan dabbobi na al'ada sun haɗa da nau'o'in kamar cacomistle, skunks, squirrels, coyotes, foxes, Eurasian sparrowhawk, doves da sauran tsuntsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Sunan yana nufin &quot;ra'ayi mai kyau&quot; a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sunan asali shine Tomatlán Buenavista, tare da sunan farko daga Nahuatl wanda ke nufin &quot;wurin tumatir&quot;. Yankin ya fara zama a hukumance ta hanyar Mexicas a lokacin pre-Hispanic, amma yawan jama'arta sun haɗu da na Purhepecha da [[Pirinda]]. Wannan al'umma ta kasance a arewacin wurin zama na gari na yanzu, wanda yanzu shine wurin binciken tarihi a wani ranch da ake kira Pueblo Viejo . Bayan nasarar Mutanen Espanya, wurin garin Buenavista na yanzu ya fara ne a matsayin hacienda. Bayan samun 'Yancin kai, ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon karamar hukumar Apatzingán. An kafa karamar hukumar ta yanzu a 1927, ta karɓi ƙasa daga garuruwan Apatzingán da Tancítaro, tare da wurin zama mai suna Buenavista Tomatlán . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>7xkgtaz04fmgvi05iw3onvl0c0jbwx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844740</id>
      <parentid>844739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:32:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844740</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4485" sha1="2me5pr248m5l0mw3lyyh71pahlcnu3l" xml:space="preserve">'''Buenavista''' wata [[Michoacán]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;karamar hukuma ce a jihar Michoacán ta Mexico .

== Ƙungiyar siyasa ==
Garin yana cikin jihar Michoacán na Ocampo, a yammacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kilomita  (145  daga babban bir jihar Morelia . Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 922.15 (356.04 mi2), yana kan iyaka da kananan hukumomin Peribán, Tancítaro, Apatzingán, Aguililla da Tepalcatepec, tare da jihar Jalisco zuwa yamma. 

A cikin 2020, karamar hukumar tana da jimlar mazauna 45,538. Daga cikin wadannan, 23,007 maza ne (50.5%) kuma 22,531 mata ne (49.5%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buenavista: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |url=https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/geo/buenavista |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Data México |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan  [[Buenavista Tomatlán]], tare da yawan mutane kusan 8,500. Wannan wurin zama yana aiki a matsayin karamar hukuma ga dukan yankin, tare da shugaban birni, syndic, da wakilai 7 da ake kira regidores. Sauran manyan al'ummomi sun hada da Carillo Puerto, {{Interlanguage link|Santa Ana Amatlán|es}}, Pizándaro da 18 de Marzo.[es] Babban ayyukan tattalin arziki na kananan hukumomi shine noma da kiwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 450 (1,480  sama da matakin teku, yana kan tuddai na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt da kwarin da Kogin Tepalcatepec ya kafa. Shahararrun tsaunuka sun haɗa da tuddai da ake kira Zirapatiro, Del Azucar, Felipe Catlan, Los Osotes da Polon. Wannan kogi yana da mafi yawan ruwan da ke cikin gari, tare da sauran da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da rafi suka bayar.

=== Yanayi ===
Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi wanda ke tsakanin digiri 18 zuwa 36 C. Yana da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 745.2mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
Tsarin halittu ya mamaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'o'in kamar pine da itacen oak a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma tare da kapok, ''parota'', te Mintje, mango da ''Zapote'' (''Diospyros digyna'' da ''Casimiroa edulis''). Har ila yau, akwai yankunan da ke da ƙaya mai zafi. Kayan dabbobi na al'ada sun haɗa da nau'o'in kamar cacomistle, skunks, squirrels, coyotes, foxes, Eurasian sparrowhawk, doves da sauran tsuntsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html &quot;Buenavista&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Sunan yana nufin &quot;ra'ayi mai kyau&quot; a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sunan asali shine Tomatlán Buenavista, tare da sunan farko daga Nahuatl wanda ke nufin &quot;wurin tumatir&quot;. Yankin ya fara zama a hukumance ta hanyar Mexicas a lokacin pre-Hispanic, amma yawan jama'arta sun haɗu da na Purhepecha da [[Pirinda]]. Wannan al'umma ta kasance a arewacin wurin zama na gari na yanzu, wanda yanzu shine wurin binciken tarihi a wani ranch da ake kira Pueblo Viejo . Bayan nasarar Mutanen Espanya, wurin garin Buenavista na yanzu ya fara ne a matsayin hacienda. Bayan samun 'Yancin kai, ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon karamar hukumar Apatzingán. An kafa karamar hukumar ta yanzu a 1927, ta karɓi ƙasa daga garuruwan Apatzingán da Tancítaro, tare da wurin zama mai suna Buenavista Tomatlán . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2me5pr248m5l0mw3lyyh71pahlcnu3l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844741</id>
      <parentid>844740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:34:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844741</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4179" sha1="2envr6xqlc50giwhllkz192nf6jdrks" xml:space="preserve">'''Buenavista''' wata [[Michoacán]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;karamar hukuma ce a jihar Michoacán ta Mexico .

== Ƙungiyar siyasa ==
Garin yana cikin jihar Michoacán na Ocampo, a yammacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kilomita  (145  daga babban bir jihar Morelia . Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 922.15 (356.04 mi2), yana kan iyaka da kananan hukumomin Peribán, Tancítaro, Apatzingán, Aguililla da Tepalcatepec, tare da jihar Jalisco zuwa yamma. 

A cikin 2020, karamar hukumar tana da jimlar mazauna 45,538. Daga cikin wadannan, 23,007 maza ne (50.5%) kuma 22,531 mata ne (49.5%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buenavista: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |url=https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/geo/buenavista |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Data México |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan  [[Buenavista Tomatlán]], tare da yawan mutane kusan 8,500. Wannan wurin zama yana aiki a matsayin karamar hukuma ga dukan yankin, tare da shugaban birni, syndic, da wakilai 7 da ake kira regidores. Sauran manyan al'ummomi sun hada da Carillo Puerto, {{Interlanguage link|Santa Ana Amatlán|es}}, Pizándaro da 18 de Marzo.[es] Babban ayyukan tattalin arziki na kananan hukumomi shine noma da kiwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 450 (1,480  sama da matakin teku, yana kan tuddai na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt da kwarin da Kogin Tepalcatepec ya kafa. Shahararrun tsaunuka sun haɗa da tuddai da ake kira Zirapatiro, Del Azucar, Felipe Catlan, Los Osotes da Polon. Wannan kogi yana da mafi yawan ruwan da ke cikin gari, tare da sauran da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da rafi suka bayar.

=== Yanayi ===
Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi wanda ke tsakanin digiri 18 zuwa 36 C. Yana da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 745.2mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
Tsarin halittu ya mamaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'o'in kamar pine da itacen oak a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma tare da kapok, ''parota'', te Mintje, mango da ''Zapote'' (''Diospyros digyna'' da ''Casimiroa edulis''). Har ila yau, akwai yankunan da ke da ƙaya mai zafi. Kayan dabbobi na al'ada sun haɗa da nau'o'in kamar cacomistle, skunks, squirrels, coyotes, foxes, Eurasian sparrowhawk, doves da sauran tsuntsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Sunan yana nufin &quot;ra'ayi mai kyau&quot; a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sunan asali shine Tomatlán Buenavista, tare da sunan farko daga Nahuatl wanda ke nufin &quot;wurin tumatir&quot;. Yankin ya fara zama a hukumance ta hanyar Mexicas a lokacin pre-Hispanic, amma yawan jama'arta sun haɗu da na Purhepecha da [[Pirinda]]. Wannan al'umma ta kasance a arewacin wurin zama na gari na yanzu, wanda yanzu shine wurin binciken tarihi a wani ranch da ake kira Pueblo Viejo . Bayan nasarar Mutanen Espanya, wurin garin Buenavista na yanzu ya fara ne a matsayin hacienda. Bayan samun 'Yancin kai, ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon karamar hukumar Apatzingán. An kafa karamar hukumar ta yanzu a 1927, ta karɓi ƙasa daga garuruwan Apatzingán da Tancítaro, tare da wurin zama mai suna Buenavista Tomatlán . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>2envr6xqlc50giwhllkz192nf6jdrks</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844743</id>
      <parentid>844741</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:34:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844743</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4191" sha1="dmg10or35gpzgssgugjgdieotdqkhys" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Buenavista''' wata [[Michoacán]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;karamar hukuma ce a jihar Michoacán ta Mexico .

== Ƙungiyar siyasa ==
Garin yana cikin jihar Michoacán na Ocampo, a yammacin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], kilomita  (145  daga babban bir jihar Morelia . Yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 922.15 (356.04 mi2), yana kan iyaka da kananan hukumomin Peribán, Tancítaro, Apatzingán, Aguililla da Tepalcatepec, tare da jihar Jalisco zuwa yamma. 

A cikin 2020, karamar hukumar tana da jimlar mazauna 45,538. Daga cikin wadannan, 23,007 maza ne (50.5%) kuma 22,531 mata ne (49.5%). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Buenavista: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |url=https://www.economia.gob.mx/datamexico/en/profile/geo/buenavista |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Data México |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan  [[Buenavista Tomatlán]], tare da yawan mutane kusan 8,500. Wannan wurin zama yana aiki a matsayin karamar hukuma ga dukan yankin, tare da shugaban birni, syndic, da wakilai 7 da ake kira regidores. Sauran manyan al'ummomi sun hada da Carillo Puerto, {{Interlanguage link|Santa Ana Amatlán|es}}, Pizándaro da 18 de Marzo.[es] Babban ayyukan tattalin arziki na kananan hukumomi shine noma da kiwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
Yana da matsakaicin tsawo na mita 450 (1,480  sama da matakin teku, yana kan tuddai na Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt da kwarin da Kogin Tepalcatepec ya kafa. Shahararrun tsaunuka sun haɗa da tuddai da ake kira Zirapatiro, Del Azucar, Felipe Catlan, Los Osotes da Polon. Wannan kogi yana da mafi yawan ruwan da ke cikin gari, tare da sauran da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da rafi suka bayar.

=== Yanayi ===
Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi wanda ke tsakanin digiri 18 zuwa 36 C. Yana da bushewa, tare da ruwan sama a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 745.2mm.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsire-tsire da dabbobi ===
Tsarin halittu ya mamaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tare da nau'o'in kamar pine da itacen oak a cikin tsaunuka mafi girma tare da kapok, ''parota'', te Mintje, mango da ''Zapote'' (''Diospyros digyna'' da ''Casimiroa edulis''). Har ila yau, akwai yankunan da ke da ƙaya mai zafi. Kayan dabbobi na al'ada sun haɗa da nau'o'in kamar cacomistle, skunks, squirrels, coyotes, foxes, Eurasian sparrowhawk, doves da sauran tsuntsaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Sunan yana nufin &quot;ra'ayi mai kyau&quot; a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Sunan asali shine Tomatlán Buenavista, tare da sunan farko daga Nahuatl wanda ke nufin &quot;wurin tumatir&quot;. Yankin ya fara zama a hukumance ta hanyar Mexicas a lokacin pre-Hispanic, amma yawan jama'arta sun haɗu da na Purhepecha da [[Pirinda]]. Wannan al'umma ta kasance a arewacin wurin zama na gari na yanzu, wanda yanzu shine wurin binciken tarihi a wani ranch da ake kira Pueblo Viejo . Bayan nasarar Mutanen Espanya, wurin garin Buenavista na yanzu ya fara ne a matsayin hacienda. Bayan samun 'Yancin kai, ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon karamar hukumar Apatzingán. An kafa karamar hukumar ta yanzu a 1927, ta karɓi ƙasa daga garuruwan Apatzingán da Tancítaro, tare da wurin zama mai suna Buenavista Tomatlán . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Buenavista |url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM16michoacan/municipios/16012a.html |access-date=October 14, 2015 |website=Enciclopedia de los Municipios y delegaciones de México |publisher=INAFED}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>dmg10or35gpzgssgugjgdieotdqkhys</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Supreme Court of Nigeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844742</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:34:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox court | court_name = Supreme Court of Nigeria | native_name = Kotun Koli ta Najeriya | image = Supreme Court of Nigeria | established = 1963 | location = Abuja, Najeriya | jurisdiction = Najeriya | authority = Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Najeriya na 1999 | chiefjudgetitle = Babbar Alƙaliya ta Najeriya | chiefjudgename = Kudirat Kekere-Ekun | website = supremecourt.gov.ng }}  '''Supreme Court of Nigeria''' (wato '''Kotun Koli ta Najeriya''') ita ce kotu mafi girma a...</comment>
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      <text bytes="7874" sha1="7l2zcpu4km05ss6croku6meqbtvcvsr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox court
| court_name = Supreme Court of Nigeria
| native_name = Kotun Koli ta Najeriya
| image = Supreme Court of Nigeria
| established = 1963
| location = Abuja, Najeriya
| jurisdiction = Najeriya
| authority = Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Najeriya na 1999
| chiefjudgetitle = Babbar Alƙaliya ta Najeriya
| chiefjudgename = Kudirat Kekere-Ekun
| website = supremecourt.gov.ng
}}

'''Supreme Court of Nigeria''' (wato '''Kotun Koli ta Najeriya''') ita ce kotu mafi girma a tsarin shari'ar Najeriya. Ita ce ke da ikon ƙarshe wajen yanke hukunci a kan dukkan ƙararrakin da suka fito daga sauran kotuna a ƙasar. Hedikwatar kotun tana cikin yankin Three Arms Zone a birnin Abuja, inda kuma ake gudanar da muhimman ayyukan gwamnatin tarayya. Kotun tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fassara kundin tsarin mulki da tabbatar da bin doka a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.website.supremecourt.gov.ng/about-us|title=History of The Court|publisher=Supreme Court of Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

Asalin tsarin Kotun Koli ta Najeriya ya samo tushe ne tun lokacin mulkin mallakar Birtaniya, lokacin da ake gudanar da shari'u ƙarƙashin tsarin kotunan mallaka. Bayan samun 'yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960, Najeriya ta fara gina cikakken tsarin shari'arta mai cin gashin kanta. A shekarar 1963, bayan da Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya, an soke damar daukaka ƙara zuwa Judicial Committee of the Privy Council a Birtaniya, lamarin da ya mayar da Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a matsayin kotu mafi girma a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.website.supremecourt.gov.ng/about-us|title=History of The Court|publisher=Supreme Court of Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1976 an kafa Court of Appeal domin rage nauyin karar da ke zuwa Kotun Koli kai tsaye. Wannan gyara ya tabbatar da matsayin Kotun Koli a matsayin kotun ƙarshe ta daukaka ƙara a Najeriya. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1999 ya sake ƙarfafa ikon kotun tare da ba ta hurumin sauraron rikice-rikice tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da jihohi ko tsakanin jihohi daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.website.supremecourt.gov.ng/about-us|title=History of The Court|publisher=Supreme Court of Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsari da Kafa ==

Kotun Koli ta Najeriya tana ƙunshe da Babbar Alƙaliya ta Najeriya (Chief Justice of Nigeria) da sauran alƙalai waɗanda adadinsu ba zai wuce 21 ba kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada. Shugaban ƙasa ne ke naɗa su bisa shawarar National Judicial Council (NJC), sannan Majalisar Dattawa ta tabbatar da naɗin nasu. Duk wanda za a naɗa dole ne ya kasance lauya mai lasisi a Najeriya na tsawon aƙalla shekaru goma sha biyar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria|title=Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria|publisher=Wikipedia (citing NJC and legal sources)|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alƙalan Kotun Koli suna ritaya ne idan sun kai shekara 70 da haihuwa. Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da sabbin alƙalai suna shiga kotun yayin da ake kiyaye ƙwarewa da gogewa a harkokin shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria|title=Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria|publisher=Wikipedia (citing NJC and legal sources)|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka da Iko ==

Kotun Koli tana da ikon sauraron ƙararraki daga Court of Appeal kuma hukuncinta shi ne na ƙarshe wanda babu wata kotu da za a iya ɗaukaka ƙara a kanta. Haka kuma tana da ikon sauraron wasu muhimman shari'u kai tsaye musamman waɗanda suka shafi rikice-rikice tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da jihohi ko tsakanin jihohi daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.medianigeria.com/functions-of-nigeria-supreme-court/|title=Functions Of Nigeria Supreme Court|publisher=Media Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin manyan ayyukan kotun akwai fassara kundin tsarin mulki, kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tabbatar da bin doka, da kuma warware muhimman rikice-rikicen siyasa da zaɓe. Hukunce-hukuncen da kotun ke yankewa suna zama abin koyi ga sauran kotuna a duk faɗin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.website.supremecourt.gov.ng/about-us|title=History of The Court|publisher=Supreme Court of Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manyan Alƙalai ==

Babbar Alƙaliya ta Najeriya ita ce shugaban Kotun Koli kuma shugaban bangaren shari'a na gwamnatin tarayya. Daga cikin fitattun manyan alƙalan da suka jagoranci kotun akwai Sir Adetokunbo Ademola, Muhammadu Lawal Uwais, Aloma Mariam Mukhtar (mace ta farko da ta zama Babbar Alƙaliya), Olukayode Ariwoola da kuma Kudirat Kekere-Ekun wadda ta karɓi muƙamin a shekarar 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Nigeria|title=Chief Justice of Nigeria|publisher=Wikipedia (citing official records)|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://fjsc.gov.ng/the-nigerian-supreme-court/|title=The Nigerian Supreme Court|publisher=Federal Judicial Service Commission|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimman Hukunce-Hukunce ==

Kotun Koli ta Najeriya ta yanke wasu manyan hukunci da suka yi tasiri a tarihin ƙasar. Daya daga cikin fitattun shari'un ita ce hukuncin da ya tabbatar da cewa 'ya'ya mata na da haƙƙin gadon dukiyar iyayensu kamar maza, inda kotun ta bayyana cewa al'adun da ke hana mata gado sun saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki da ya tanadi daidaito tsakanin 'yan ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Nigeria/comments/ihimin|title=Supreme Court decision on female inheritance divides Igbo|publisher=Reddit summary of reported judgment|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma kotun ta kasance mai muhimmiyar rawa wajen warware takaddamar zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa, gwamnoni da sauran muƙaman siyasa, inda hukunce-hukuncenta ke tasiri kai tsaye ga tsarin dimokuraɗiyyar Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.website.supremecourt.gov.ng/about-us|title=History of The Court|publisher=Supreme Court of Nigeria|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alƙalan Kotun Koli na Yanzu ==

Ya zuwa shekarar 2026, Kotun Koli tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babbar Alƙaliya Kudirat Kekere-Ekun tare da sauran manyan alƙalai kamar John Inyang Okoro, Uwani Musa Abba Aji, Helen Ogunwumiju, Adamu Jauro, Emmanuel Agim, Haruna Tsammani, Habeeb Abiru da sauransu, inda adadin alƙalan ya kai cikakken adadin da kundin tsarin mulki ya amince da shi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Nigeria|title=Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria|publisher=Wikipedia (citing official judicial records)|access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Judiciary of Nigeria]]
* [[Court of Appeal (Nigeria)]]
* [[National Judicial Council]]
* [[Chief Justice of Nigeria]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Dam din Ntimbale</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1209749181|Ntimbale Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1424" sha1="o09d1hpdr1af35ka5be6qhx9dm8ukxh" xml:space="preserve">'''Dam din Ntimbale''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Kogin Tati]] a [[Botswana]] . Yana da damar 26,000,000  mita (920,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta Botswana ta ba da aikin madatsar ruwa ga [[Knight Piésold]]. Piésold ya gudanar da binciken yiwuwar a cikin 1996-97, ya taimaka a cikin tsari mai laushi, ya shirya cikakken ƙira da kuma kula da aikin tsakanin 2004 da 2009. Dam din madatsar ruwa ce mai tsayi mai tsayi 34 mita (112 , tare da tsakiya mai tsayi.{{Sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}} [[PPC Cement]] na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da masana'antar hadawa da kunshe-kunshe a Gaborone, ya samar da siminti don aikin.{{Sfn|Madlala|2006}} Gidan madatsar ruwan ya haɗa da tashoshin famfo da masana'antar tsabtace ruwa, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga ƙauyuka a cikin Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas da sassan makwabta na Gundumar Tsakiya.{{Sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}}

Dam din ya kai kimanin P205 miliyan. Yayinda ake gina shi, an gudanar da shirin canja wurin ruwa mai tsada P280 miliyan don haɗa dukkan ƙauyuka 51 a cikin Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas. Shugaba Ian Khama ya ba da izinin madatsar ruwan a wani bikin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, yana nuna fatan cewa zai cika bukatun samar da ruwa na cikin gida na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa. Ya yi gargadi cewa ya kamata mutane su ci gaba da amfani da ruwa a hankali kuma su guji sharar gida.{{Sfn|Kologwe|2008}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1437" sha1="3ta36n0sugxrz4mlb18zb8u6xzoxv87" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Ntimbale''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Kogin Tati]] a [[Botswana]] . Yana da damar 26,000,000  mita (920,000 cu . {{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta Botswana ta ba da aikin madatsar ruwa ga [[Knight Piésold]]. Piésold ya gudanar da binciken yiwuwar a cikin 1996-97, ya taimaka a cikin tsari mai laushi, ya shirya cikakken ƙira da kuma kula da aikin tsakanin 2004 da 2009. Dam din madatsar ruwa ce mai tsayi mai tsayi 34 mita (112 , tare da tsakiya mai tsayi.{{Sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}} [[PPC Cement]] na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke da masana'antar hadawa da kunshe-kunshe a Gaborone, ya samar da siminti don aikin.{{Sfn|Madlala|2006}} Gidan madatsar ruwan ya haɗa da tashoshin famfo da masana'antar tsabtace ruwa, kuma yana ba da ruwa ga ƙauyuka a cikin Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas da sassan makwabta na Gundumar Tsakiya.{{Sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}}

Dam din ya kai kimanin P205 miliyan. Yayinda ake gina shi, an gudanar da shirin canja wurin ruwa mai tsada P280 miliyan don haɗa dukkan ƙauyuka 51 a cikin Gundumar Arewa maso Gabas. Shugaba Ian Khama ya ba da izinin madatsar ruwan a wani bikin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, yana nuna fatan cewa zai cika bukatun samar da ruwa na cikin gida na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa. Ya yi gargadi cewa ya kamata mutane su ci gaba da amfani da ruwa a hankali kuma su guji sharar gida.{{Sfn|Kologwe|2008}}

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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Shashe</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1179993114|Shashe Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2368" sha1="q85xv5ewj6y9h9m21pf6s2drjwg7mjw" xml:space="preserve">Dam din Shashe madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Shashe a [[Botswana]] wanda aka gina don samar da ruwa ga birnin masana'antu na Selebi-Phikwe . {{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Babban ƙauyen Tonota yana kudu da madatsar ruwan.

== Wurin da damar ==
The dam impounds the Shashe River and is about {{Convert|25|km}} southwest of Francistown{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} and about {{Convert|80|km}} northwest of Selebi-Phikwe.{{Sfn|Sillery|1974}} The Mairoro, Lunyi and Swiki tributaries of the Shashe also enter the reservoir.{{Sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}}The artificial lake is {{Convert|15|km}} long and up to {{Convert|4.2|km}} wide. When full, the open-water surface covers almost {{Convert|3200|ha}}{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992}} and has a capacity of {{Convert|85000000|m3}}.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
An gina madatsar ruwan a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban saka hannun jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa da ake buƙata don amfani da ajiyar jan ƙarfe-nickel a Selebi da Pikwe, wanda aka kiyasta a watan Oktoba 1969 zuwa jimlar tan miliyan 45.7. An kammala tsawo mai nisan kilomita 3.5 (2.2 , mita 27 (89  a cikin shekara ta 1973.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Ana kawo ruwa daga madatsar ruwan zuwa Selebi-Phikwe ta hanyar bututun karkashin kasa.{{Sfn|Sillery|1974}}

A shekara ta 1982 an gano cewa ruwan kasa daga rijiyoyin gida a Francistown yana da matakan nitrate masu yawa, kuma bai isa ba don biyan bukatun jama'a, don haka an canza samar da ruwa ga wannan birni zuwa amfani da ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Shashe.{{Sfn|Schmoll|2006}} Ruwa na Shashe Dam yana aiki, daga hanyar Francistown zuwa arewacin Tonota Development Plan Area, kuma yana samar da ruwan sha ga Tonota.{{Sfn|Tonota-Shashe development plan|2001}}

== Amfani da tafkin ==
Jimlar yiwuwar amfanin kifi daga tafkin an kiyasta shi sama da tan 50 a kowace shekara.{{Sfn|vanden Bossche|Bernacsek|1990}} Ana amfani da tafkin don rayuwa, kamun kifi na kasuwanci da wasanni, da kuma kulob din jirgin ruwa. Turtles, kifi, otters, masu sa ido na Nilu da tsuntsaye daban-daban suna zaune a tafkin.

Dam din yana nuna alamun gurɓataccen mutum kamar datti a kusa da ruwa.{{Sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}} A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009 an tilasta kamfanin ruwa ya dakatar da duk ayyukan jama'a a madatsar ruwan bayan an gano barkewar kwalara a cikin ruwansa.{{Sfn|WUC Suspends Activities...}}

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      <text bytes="2387" sha1="9gxqvl725rkvyn9hrlyzk7o3upqtlbq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dam din Shashe''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Shashe a [[Botswana]] wanda aka gina don samar da ruwa ga birnin masana'antu na Selebi-Phikwe . {{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Babban ƙauyen Tonota yana kudu da madatsar ruwan.

== Wurin da damar ==
The dam impounds the Shashe River and is about {{Convert|25|km}} southwest of Francistown{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} and about {{Convert|80|km}} northwest of Selebi-Phikwe.{{Sfn|Sillery|1974}} The Mairoro, Lunyi and Swiki tributaries of the Shashe also enter the reservoir.{{Sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}}The artificial lake is {{Convert|15|km}} long and up to {{Convert|4.2|km}} wide. When full, the open-water surface covers almost {{Convert|3200|ha}}{{Sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992}} and has a capacity of {{Convert|85000000|m3}}.{{Sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
An gina madatsar ruwan a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban saka hannun jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa da ake buƙata don amfani da ajiyar jan ƙarfe-nickel a Selebi da Pikwe, wanda aka kiyasta a watan Oktoba 1969 zuwa jimlar tan miliyan 45.7. An kammala tsawo mai nisan kilomita 3.5 (2.2 , mita 27 (89  a cikin shekara ta 1973.{{Sfn|Knight|1990}} Ana kawo ruwa daga madatsar ruwan zuwa Selebi-Phikwe ta hanyar bututun karkashin kasa.{{Sfn|Sillery|1974}}

A shekara ta 1982 an gano cewa ruwan kasa daga rijiyoyin gida a Francistown yana da matakan nitrate masu yawa, kuma bai isa ba don biyan bukatun jama'a, don haka an canza samar da ruwa ga wannan birni zuwa amfani da ruwa daga madatsar ruwan Shashe.{{Sfn|Schmoll|2006}} Ruwa na Shashe Dam yana aiki, daga hanyar Francistown zuwa arewacin Tonota Development Plan Area, kuma yana samar da ruwan sha ga Tonota.{{Sfn|Tonota-Shashe development plan|2001}}

== Amfani da tafkin ==
Jimlar yiwuwar amfanin kifi daga tafkin an kiyasta shi sama da tan 50 a kowace shekara.{{Sfn|vanden Bossche|Bernacsek|1990}} Ana amfani da tafkin don rayuwa, kamun kifi na kasuwanci da wasanni, da kuma kulob din jirgin ruwa. Turtles, kifi, otters, masu sa ido na Nilu da tsuntsaye daban-daban suna zaune a tafkin.

Dam din yana nuna alamun gurɓataccen mutum kamar datti a kusa da ruwa.{{Sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}} A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009 an tilasta kamfanin ruwa ya dakatar da duk ayyukan jama'a a madatsar ruwan bayan an gano barkewar kwalara a cikin ruwansa.{{Sfn|WUC Suspends Activities...}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Judiciary of Nigeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844748</id>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: == Ƙungiyoyin Lauyoyi da Hukumomin Shari’a a Najeriya ==  '''Judiciary of Nigeria''' (Tsarin Shari’ar Najeriya) ya ƙunshi kotuna, hukumomin kula da harkokin shari’a, da kuma ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi waɗanda ke da alhakin tabbatar da adalci, kiyaye doka, da kuma kula da ɗabi’ar masu aikin lauya a ƙasar. Daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi da hukumomin da ke da alaƙa da bangaren shari’a akwai '''Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)''', '''National Judicial Council (NJC)''', da kuma...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5879" sha1="suddh0ely4a0salwipg2q1u3ec26cm6" xml:space="preserve">== Ƙungiyoyin Lauyoyi da Hukumomin Shari’a a Najeriya ==

'''Judiciary of Nigeria''' (Tsarin Shari’ar Najeriya) ya ƙunshi kotuna, hukumomin kula da harkokin shari’a, da kuma ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi waɗanda ke da alhakin tabbatar da adalci, kiyaye doka, da kuma kula da ɗabi’ar masu aikin lauya a ƙasar. Daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi da hukumomin da ke da alaƙa da bangaren shari’a akwai '''Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)''', '''National Judicial Council (NJC)''', da kuma '''Body of Benchers'''. Waɗannan cibiyoyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da harkokin shari’a da tabbatar da ‘yancin kai na bangaren shari’a a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council (NJC), &quot;Profile of NJC&quot;, https://www.njc.gov.ng/index.php/profile-of-NJC&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Bar Association, &quot;About NBA&quot;, https://www.nigerianbar.org.ng&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) ===

'''Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)''' ita ce babbar ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta ƙasa a Najeriya. An kafa ta domin haɗa dukkan lauyoyin da aka amince da su su yi aiki a Najeriya, tare da kare martabar sana’ar lauya, kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, da inganta bin doka da oda. NBA tana da rassa sama da ɗari a jihohin Najeriya, kuma tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi na duniya da na Afirka wajen inganta tsarin mulki da shugabanci nagari.&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Bar Association, &quot;About NBA&quot;, https://www.nigerianbar.org.ng&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Bar Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Bar_Association&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da tarukan shekara-shekara, horaswa ga lauyoyi, da kuma bayar da shawarwari kan manyan batutuwan siyasa da shari’a a ƙasa. Shugaban NBA yana daga cikin manyan mambobin da ke shiga harkokin nada manyan alƙalai da kuma tattauna gyare-gyaren tsarin shari’a a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Bar Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Bar_Association&lt;/ref&gt;

=== National Judicial Council (NJC) ===

'''National Judicial Council (NJC)''' hukuma ce da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya na shekarar 1999 ya kafa domin kare ‘yancin kai na bangaren shari’a daga tsoma bakin bangaren zartarwa da na majalisa. Babban Alƙalin Najeriya (Chief Justice of Nigeria) ne ke jagorantar majalisar, yayin da sauran mambobinta suka haɗa da manyan alƙalai, tsofaffin alkalai, da wakilan NBA.&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council, &quot;Composition of NJC&quot;, https://www.njc.gov.ng/index.php/composition-of-NJC&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council (Nigeria), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Judicial_Council_(Nigeria)&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan NJC sun haɗa da bayar da shawara wajen naɗa alkalai, ɗaukaka matsayi, ladabtar da alkalan da suka karya ƙa’idojin aiki, da kuma tabbatar da ingancin aikin shari’a a ƙasar. Haka kuma, majalisar tana kula da martabar kotuna da kare sahihancin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council, &quot;Profile of NJC&quot;, https://www.njc.gov.ng/index.php/profile-of-NJC&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council (Nigeria), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Judicial_Council_(Nigeria)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Body of Benchers ===

'''Body of Benchers''' wata muhimmiyar hukuma ce da Dokar Legal Practitioners Act ta kafa domin kula da shiga aikin lauya a Najeriya. Ita ce ke da alhakin shirya bukukuwan '''Call to Bar''' da kuma tabbatar da cewa ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu a Nigerian Law School sun cancanci shiga aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;Body of Benchers Regulations 2024, https://lawandsocietymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/BODY-OF-BENCHERS-REGULATIONS-2024-APPROVED-21ST-MARCH-2024.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Democratic Report, &quot;Intrigues, Undercurrents and the Call to Bar Ceremonies&quot;, https://www.ndr.org.ng/intrigues-undercurrents-and-the-call-to-bar-ceremonies/&lt;/ref&gt;

Mambobin Body of Benchers sun haɗa da Babban Alƙalin Najeriya, alkalan Kotun Ƙoli, Shugaban Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara, manyan lauyoyi masu mukamin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), da sauran fitattun lauyoyi. Haka kuma, tana da ikon kula da ɗabi’a da martabar sana’ar lauya tare da yanke hukunci kan wasu batutuwan ladabtarwa da suka shafi masu aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;Body of Benchers Regulations 2024, https://lawandsocietymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/BODY-OF-BENCHERS-REGULATIONS-2024-APPROVED-21ST-MARCH-2024.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Body of Benchers, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Body_of_Benchers&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Judiciary Advisory Committee ===

'''Judiciary Advisory Committee''' kwamiti ne da ke ƙarƙashin Body of Benchers wanda ke bayar da shawarwari kan harkokin shari’a da gyaran tsarin gudanar da adalci. Kwamitin yana haɗa manyan alkalai masu ritaya, manyan lauyoyi masu mukamin SAN, da shugabannin hukumomin shari’a domin ba da gudummawa wajen ƙarfafa tsarin doka da adalci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Body of Benchers, &quot;Judiciary Advisory Committee&quot;, https://new.bob.gov.ng/judiciary-advisory-committee/&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwamitin yana taka rawa wajen nazarin matsalolin shari’a, bayar da shawarwari kan manufofin gyaran kotuna, da kuma taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa tsarin shari’a yana aiki cikin gaskiya da inganci.&lt;ref&gt;Body of Benchers, &quot;Judiciary Advisory Committee&quot;, https://new.bob.gov.ng/judiciary-advisory-committee/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimmanci ==

Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da hukumomi suna daga cikin ginshiƙan tsarin shari’ar Najeriya. NBA tana wakiltar lauyoyi da kare sana’ar lauya, NJC tana kula da alkalai da ‘yancin kai na bangaren shari’a, yayin da Body of Benchers ke kula da shiga aikin lauya da ɗabi’ar masu aikin lauya. Haɗin gwiwar waɗannan cibiyoyi yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da adalci, bin doka, da kuma ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;National Judicial Council, &quot;Profile of NJC&quot;, https://www.njc.gov.ng/index.php/profile-of-NJC&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Bar Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Bar_Association&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nigerian Body of Benchers, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Body_of_Benchers&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Eyimofe Doyle Atake.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person | name = Eyimofe Atake | birth_name = Eyimofe Doyle Atake | birth_date = 20 Fabrairu 1958 | birth_place = Sapele, Jihar Delta, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Dokar kasuwanci, dokar jiragen ruwa, sasanci da shari'o'in man fetur | alma_mater = London School of Economics&lt;br&gt;Darwin College, University of Cambridge | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) | spouse = Dorothy Atake }}...</comment>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Eyimofe Atake
| birth_name = Eyimofe Doyle Atake
| birth_date = 20 Fabrairu 1958
| birth_place = Sapele, Jihar Delta, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Dokar kasuwanci, dokar jiragen ruwa, sasanci da shari'o'in man fetur
| alma_mater = London School of Economics&lt;br&gt;Darwin College, University of Cambridge
| title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)
| spouse = Dorothy Atake
}}

'''Eyimofe Doyle Atake''' SAN (an haife shi a ranar 20 Fabrairu 1958) fitaccen lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannonin dokar kasuwanci, dokar jiragen ruwa (Maritime Law), dokar man fetur da iskar gas, sasanci (Arbitration) da kuma shari'o'in kasuwanci. Ya samu matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 1999, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa a harkar lauya a Najeriya. Haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1988.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/team/dr-eyimofe-atake-san/ |title=Dr. Eyimofe Atake SAN |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://independent.ng/the-epic-rise-of-a-nigerian-legal-icon-eyimofe-atake/ |title=The Epic Rise of a Nigerian Legal Icon, Eyimofe Atake |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2020-07-14 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Eyimofe Atake a garin Sapele da ke yanzu cikin Jihar Delta, Najeriya. Mahaifinsa shi ne Mai Shari'a Franklin Oritse-Mueyiwa Atake, wanda ya taba zama alkalin Babbar Kotun Jihar Mid-Western Nigeria sannan daga baya ya zama Sanata a Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta Biyu. Ya yi karatu a makarantu daban-daban a Najeriya ciki har da St. Saviour's School da ke Ikoyi a Lagos, Emotan Preparatory School da Our Lady's Preparatory School kafin ya tafi Birtaniya domin ci gaba da karatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/a-peep-into-the-life-of-a-stylish-and-corporate-lawyer-eyimofe-atake/ |title=A peep into the life of a stylish and corporate lawyer, Eyimofe Atake |work=Vanguard |date=2019-10-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyimofe_Atake |title=Eyimofe Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Atake ya yi karatun lauya a London School of Economics and Political Science sannan ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin shari'a daga Darwin College na Jami'ar Cambridge a shekarar 1987. Bincikensa ya mayar da hankali ne kan dokar raina kotu (Contempt of Court) da hanyoyin hukunta masu karya mutuncin kotu a ƙasashe daban-daban. Har ila yau ya halarci Hague Academy of International Law inda ya yi nazari a kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyimofe_Atake |title=Eyimofe Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/a-peep-into-the-life-of-a-stylish-and-corporate-lawyer-eyimofe-atake/ |title=A peep into the life of a stylish and corporate lawyer, Eyimofe Atake |work=Vanguard |date=2019-10-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'ar lauya ==
An kira Atake zuwa mashayar lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Bar) a watan Yulin 1983. Bayan ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin fitaccen lauya Chief G.O.K. Ajayi, ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyinsa mai suna ''Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1988. Kamfanin ya mayar da hankali ne kan dokokin jiragen ruwa, man fetur da iskar gas, sasanci da shari'o'in kasuwanci. Bayan kusan shekaru goma sha biyu yana aiki a fagen lauya, ya samu matsayin SAN a shekarar 1999 yana da shekaru 41 kacal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/team/dr-eyimofe-atake-san/ |title=Dr. Eyimofe Atake SAN |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://independent.ng/the-epic-rise-of-a-nigerian-legal-icon-eyimofe-atake/ |title=The Epic Rise of a Nigerian Legal Icon, Eyimofe Atake |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2020-07-14 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tsawon aikinsa, Atake ya wakilci manyan kamfanonin ƙasa da ƙasa, kamfanonin man fetur, masu jiragen ruwa da ƙungiyoyin kariya da diyya na jiragen ruwa (Protection and Indemnity Clubs). Ya yi fice wajen gudanar da manyan shari'o'in kasuwanci da na dokokin jiragen ruwa a kotunan Najeriya, ciki har da Kotun Ƙoli. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen sasanta rikice-rikice da kuma kare muradun manyan kamfanoni a shari'o'in da suka shafi biliyoyin kuɗaɗe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/team/dr-eyimofe-atake-san/ |title=Dr. Eyimofe Atake SAN |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/about-us/ |title=About Us |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daya daga cikin shari'o'in da suka jawo hankalin jama'a ita ce lokacin da ya samu izinin wata kotu a Najeriya ta saurari wasu shaidu a birnin New York na Amurka saboda rashin lafiyar shaidun da ba za su iya tafiya Najeriya ba. Wannan mataki ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka nuna kwarewarsa wajen tafiyar da manyan shari'o'i masu rikitarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/team/dr-eyimofe-atake-san/ |title=Dr. Eyimofe Atake SAN |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/ |title=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce da gudummawa ==
Atake ya rubuta littattafai da makaloli da dama a fannin shari'a. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukansa akwai littafin ''Contempt in the Face of the Court'' wanda ya samo asali daga binciken digirgir dinsa. Ya kuma rubuta makaloli da dama kan batutuwan mallakar kadarorin gwamnati (Privatisation), kasuwanci da kundin tsarin mulki, waɗanda suka taimaka wajen tattaunawar gyaran tattalin arzikin Najeriya a shekarun 1980 da 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyimofe_Atake |title=Eyimofe Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://eyimofeatake.com/team/dr-eyimofe-atake-san/ |title=Dr. Eyimofe Atake SAN |publisher=Eyimofe Atake &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasanni da rayuwa ta musamman ==
Yayin da yake karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge, Atake ya wakilci jami'ar a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle da ake yi tsakanin Cambridge da Oxford. Daga baya ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Oxford and Cambridge Club of Nigeria tsakanin shekarun 2002 zuwa 2006. Haka kuma an san shi a Najeriya saboda salon shigarsa da kuma kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da suka yi fice a harkokin zamantakewa da al'adu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyimofe_Atake |title=Eyimofe Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/a-peep-into-the-life-of-a-stylish-and-corporate-lawyer-eyimofe-atake/ |title=A peep into the life of a stylish and corporate lawyer, Eyimofe Atake |work=Vanguard |date=2019-10-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
A watan Agustan 2023, Olu na Warri, Ogiame Atuwatse III, ya ba Eyimofe Atake sarautar gargajiya ta '''Tolugbogwa of Warri Kingdom''', domin girmama gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkokin shari'a da ci gaban al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyimofe_Atake |title=Eyimofe Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348311893|Sada Soli]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na Sada Soli''' (an haife [[Jerin mambobin Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya, 2023-2027|Na 10]] ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962), 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta wakilci mazabar Tarayyar Jibia / Kaita ta [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] . Soli ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 6, 9 da 10.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Soli a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1962, a [[Jibia]], Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jibia ta tsakiya, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko (1969-1975). Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Katsina daga 1975 zuwa 1980, don Takardar shaidar Malamai na II. A shekara ta 1982, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kafanchan, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta Najeriya a Ilimi (NCE) a shekarar 1985. Daga baya, ya sami shiga babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilimi (B.Ed.) a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a a 1996 daga [[Jami'ar Abuja]] .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1992, an tura Soli zuwa [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]] a matsayin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Dokoki a Majalisar Wakilai, wani matsayi wanda zai canza duk hanyar rayuwarsa. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu masu zuwa,  ya ratsa duka ɗakunan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, yana aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.  A wannan lokacin, ya nutse kansa a cikin kasuwancin majalisa, yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsara lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje da Kwamitin Majalisar Kan Shirye-shiryen Kasa (1992-1994). A shekara ta 1994, an sake shi a kan ayyukan gudanarwa ga Hukumar Taron Tsarin Mulki ta Kasa, inda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa aikin Majalisar Agusta.

Ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 1999, daidai da sauyawar Najeriya zuwa mulkin dimokuradiyya. An nada shi magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje sannan kuma ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Lantarki na Kasa. Soli ya sami ɗaya daga cikin damar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin aikin gwamnati lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya amince da aikinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman da Minista Mai ba da shawara ga Jakadan [[Jibril Aminu|Farfesa Jibril Aminu]] daga 1999 zuwa 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Sada ya kammala aikinsa kuma an sake dawo da shi cikin Majalisar Dokoki don ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in majalisa. Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dattijai kuma aka nada shi magatakarda a Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijan kan Harkokin Waje.

== Siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2006, Soli ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa tare da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Wakilai, ya fito da nasara a shekara ta 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdulmumuni |first=Dangana |date=March 16, 2023 |title=NASS Speakership: GGTI Roots for Sada Soli |url=https://prnigeria.com/2023/03/16/nass-speakership-ggti-roots/ |access-date=May 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da diflomasiyyar majalisa na Majalisar Wakilai (2009-2011).   Kwarewarsa ta baya a matsayin magatakarda na kwamitin da aikinsa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ya taimaka wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar majalisa tsakanin Najeriya da sauran majalisun yanki da na duniya. Daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin wakilin yanki na Yammacin Afirka a cikin Kungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa.

A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi [[Shugaban ma’aikata na kakakin majalisar wakilai|Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Kakakin]] Majalisar, Rt. Hon. [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] (2011-2015). An sake zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 9 [[Jerin Sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2019–2023|Na 10]] a dandalin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress (APC)]] .  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan albarkatun ruwa kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da takardun kudi da shawarwari don hadin kai, zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Tarayyar Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
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'''Sada Soli''' (an haife [[Jerin mambobin Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya, 2023-2027|Na 10]] ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962), 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta wakilci mazabar Tarayyar Jibia / Kaita ta [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] . Soli ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 6, 9 da 10.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Soli a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1962, a [[Jibia]], Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jibia ta tsakiya, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko (1969-1975). Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Katsina daga 1975 zuwa 1980, don Takardar shaidar Malamai na II. A shekara ta 1982, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kafanchan, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta Najeriya a Ilimi (NCE) a shekarar 1985. Daga baya, ya sami shiga babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilimi (B.Ed.) a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a a 1996 daga [[Jami'ar Abuja]] .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1992, an tura Soli zuwa [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]] a matsayin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Dokoki a Majalisar Wakilai, wani matsayi wanda zai canza duk hanyar rayuwarsa. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu masu zuwa,  ya ratsa duka ɗakunan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, yana aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.  A wannan lokacin, ya nutse kansa a cikin kasuwancin majalisa, yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsara lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje da Kwamitin Majalisar Kan Shirye-shiryen Kasa (1992-1994). A shekara ta 1994, an sake shi a kan ayyukan gudanarwa ga Hukumar Taron Tsarin Mulki ta Kasa, inda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa aikin Majalisar Agusta.

Ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 1999, daidai da sauyawar Najeriya zuwa mulkin dimokuradiyya. An nada shi magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje sannan kuma ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Lantarki na Kasa. Soli ya sami ɗaya daga cikin damar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin aikin gwamnati lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya amince da aikinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman da Minista Mai ba da shawara ga Jakadan [[Jibril Aminu|Farfesa Jibril Aminu]] daga 1999 zuwa 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Sada ya kammala aikinsa kuma an sake dawo da shi cikin Majalisar Dokoki don ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in majalisa. Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dattijai kuma aka nada shi magatakarda a Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijan kan Harkokin Waje.

== Siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2006, Soli ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa tare da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Wakilai, ya fito da nasara a shekara ta 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdulmumuni |first=Dangana |date=March 16, 2023 |title=NASS Speakership: GGTI Roots for Sada Soli |url=https://prnigeria.com/2023/03/16/nass-speakership-ggti-roots/ |access-date=May 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da diflomasiyyar majalisa na Majalisar Wakilai (2009-2011).   Kwarewarsa ta baya a matsayin magatakarda na kwamitin da aikinsa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ya taimaka wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar majalisa tsakanin Najeriya da sauran majalisun yanki da na duniya. Daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin wakilin yanki na Yammacin Afirka a cikin Kungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa.

A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi [[Shugaban ma’aikata na kakakin majalisar wakilai|Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Kakakin]] Majalisar, Rt. Hon. [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] (2011-2015). An sake zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 9 [[Jerin Sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2019–2023|Na 10]] a dandalin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress (APC)]] .  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan albarkatun ruwa kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da takardun kudi da shawarwari don hadin kai, zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Tarayyar Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
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        <id>13085</id>
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'''Sada Soli''' (an haife [[Jerin mambobin Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya, 2023-2027|Na 10]] ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962), 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta wakilci mazabar Tarayyar Jibia / Kaita ta [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] . Soli ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 6, 9 da 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Usman |first=Abdulrahman |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Speakership: Why Sada Soli desires to lead the green chamber |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/speakership-why-sada-soli-desires-to-lead-the-green-chamber/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Clem |first=Oluwole |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Hon. Sada Soli: The right man to lead HoR |url=https://blueprint.ng/hon-sada-soli-the-right-man-to-lead-hor/ |location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Soli a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1962, a [[Jibia]], Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jibia ta tsakiya, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko (1969-1975). Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Katsina daga 1975 zuwa 1980, don Takardar shaidar Malamai na II. A shekara ta 1982, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kafanchan, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta Najeriya a Ilimi (NCE) a shekarar 1985. Daga baya, ya sami shiga babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilimi (B.Ed.) a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a a 1996 daga [[Jami'ar Abuja]] .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1992, an tura Soli zuwa [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]] a matsayin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Dokoki a Majalisar Wakilai, wani matsayi wanda zai canza duk hanyar rayuwarsa. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu masu zuwa,  ya ratsa duka ɗakunan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, yana aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.  A wannan lokacin, ya nutse kansa a cikin kasuwancin majalisa, yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsara lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje da Kwamitin Majalisar Kan Shirye-shiryen Kasa (1992-1994). A shekara ta 1994, an sake shi a kan ayyukan gudanarwa ga Hukumar Taron Tsarin Mulki ta Kasa, inda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa aikin Majalisar Agusta.

Ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 1999, daidai da sauyawar Najeriya zuwa mulkin dimokuradiyya. An nada shi magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje sannan kuma ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Lantarki na Kasa. Soli ya sami ɗaya daga cikin damar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin aikin gwamnati lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya amince da aikinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman da Minista Mai ba da shawara ga Jakadan [[Jibril Aminu|Farfesa Jibril Aminu]] daga 1999 zuwa 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Sada ya kammala aikinsa kuma an sake dawo da shi cikin Majalisar Dokoki don ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in majalisa. Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dattijai kuma aka nada shi magatakarda a Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijan kan Harkokin Waje.

== Siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2006, Soli ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa tare da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Wakilai, ya fito da nasara a shekara ta 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdulmumuni |first=Dangana |date=March 16, 2023 |title=NASS Speakership: GGTI Roots for Sada Soli |url=https://prnigeria.com/2023/03/16/nass-speakership-ggti-roots/ |access-date=May 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da diflomasiyyar majalisa na Majalisar Wakilai (2009-2011).   Kwarewarsa ta baya a matsayin magatakarda na kwamitin da aikinsa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ya taimaka wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar majalisa tsakanin Najeriya da sauran majalisun yanki da na duniya. Daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin wakilin yanki na Yammacin Afirka a cikin Kungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa.

A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi [[Shugaban ma’aikata na kakakin majalisar wakilai|Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Kakakin]] Majalisar, Rt. Hon. [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] (2011-2015). An sake zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 9 [[Jerin Sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2019–2023|Na 10]] a dandalin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress (APC)]] .  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan albarkatun ruwa kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da takardun kudi da shawarwari don hadin kai, zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Tarayyar Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844757</id>
      <parentid>844754</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5153" sha1="n3ftiawvulpi55iy01j4x4o47986ahz" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sada Soli''' (an haife [[Jerin mambobin Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya, 2023-2027|Na 10]] ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962), 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta wakilci mazabar Tarayyar Jibia / Kaita ta [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] . Soli ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 6, 9 da 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Usman |first=Abdulrahman |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Speakership: Why Sada Soli desires to lead the green chamber |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/speakership-why-sada-soli-desires-to-lead-the-green-chamber/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Clem |first=Oluwole |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Hon. Sada Soli: The right man to lead HoR |url=https://blueprint.ng/hon-sada-soli-the-right-man-to-lead-hor/ |location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Soli a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1962, a [[Jibia]], Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jibia ta tsakiya, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko (1969-1975). Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Katsina daga 1975 zuwa 1980, don Takardar shaidar Malamai na II. A shekara ta 1982, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kafanchan, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta Najeriya a Ilimi (NCE) a shekarar 1985. Daga baya, ya sami shiga babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilimi (B.Ed.) a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a a 1996 daga [[Jami'ar Abuja]] .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1992, an tura Soli zuwa [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]] a matsayin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Dokoki a Majalisar Wakilai, wani matsayi wanda zai canza duk hanyar rayuwarsa. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu masu zuwa,  ya ratsa duka ɗakunan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, yana aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.  A wannan lokacin, ya nutse kansa a cikin kasuwancin majalisa, yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsara lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje da Kwamitin Majalisar Kan Shirye-shiryen Kasa (1992-1994). A shekara ta 1994, an sake shi a kan ayyukan gudanarwa ga Hukumar Taron Tsarin Mulki ta Kasa, inda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa aikin Majalisar Agusta.

Ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 1999, daidai da sauyawar Najeriya zuwa mulkin dimokuradiyya. An nada shi magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje sannan kuma ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Lantarki na Kasa. Soli ya sami ɗaya daga cikin damar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin aikin gwamnati lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya amince da aikinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman da Minista Mai ba da shawara ga Jakadan [[Jibril Aminu|Farfesa Jibril Aminu]] daga 1999 zuwa 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Sada ya kammala aikinsa kuma an sake dawo da shi cikin Majalisar Dokoki don ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in majalisa. Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dattijai kuma aka nada shi magatakarda a Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijan kan Harkokin Waje.

== Siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2006, Soli ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa tare da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Wakilai, ya fito da nasara a shekara ta 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdulmumuni |first=Dangana |date=March 16, 2023 |title=NASS Speakership: GGTI Roots for Sada Soli |url=https://prnigeria.com/2023/03/16/nass-speakership-ggti-roots/ |access-date=May 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da diflomasiyyar majalisa na Majalisar Wakilai (2009-2011).   Kwarewarsa ta baya a matsayin magatakarda na kwamitin da aikinsa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ya taimaka wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar majalisa tsakanin Najeriya da sauran majalisun yanki da na duniya. Daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin wakilin yanki na Yammacin Afirka a cikin Kungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa.

A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi [[Shugaban ma’aikata na kakakin majalisar wakilai|Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Kakakin]] Majalisar, Rt. Hon. [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] (2011-2015). An sake zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 9 [[Jerin Sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2019–2023|Na 10]] a dandalin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress (APC)]] .  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan albarkatun ruwa kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da takardun kudi da shawarwari don hadin kai, zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Tarayyar Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
      <sha1>n3ftiawvulpi55iy01j4x4o47986ahz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844758</id>
      <parentid>844757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:48:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyuka */</comment>
      <origin>844758</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5789" sha1="n19iw3k31agqzomvho4pq7453h6nvr0" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sada Soli''' (an haife [[Jerin mambobin Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya, 2023-2027|Na 10]] ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962), 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce wacce ta wakilci mazabar Tarayyar Jibia / Kaita ta [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] . Soli ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 6, 9 da 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Usman |first=Abdulrahman |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Speakership: Why Sada Soli desires to lead the green chamber |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/speakership-why-sada-soli-desires-to-lead-the-green-chamber/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Clem |first=Oluwole |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Hon. Sada Soli: The right man to lead HoR |url=https://blueprint.ng/hon-sada-soli-the-right-man-to-lead-hor/ |location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Soli a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1962, a [[Jibia]], Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Jibia ta tsakiya, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko (1969-1975). Daga nan sai ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Katsina daga 1975 zuwa 1980, don Takardar shaidar Malamai na II. A shekara ta 1982, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kafanchan, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta Najeriya a Ilimi (NCE) a shekarar 1985. Daga baya, ya sami shiga babbar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria]], inda ya sami digiri na farko a ilimi (B.Ed.) a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a a 1996 daga [[Jami'ar Abuja]] .

== Ayyuka ==
A shekara ta 1992, an tura Soli zuwa [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]] a matsayin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Dokoki a Majalisar Wakilai, wani matsayi wanda zai canza duk hanyar rayuwarsa. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu masu zuwa,  ya ratsa duka ɗakunan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, yana aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.  A wannan lokacin, ya nutse kansa a cikin kasuwancin majalisa, yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsara lissafi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje da Kwamitin Majalisar Kan Shirye-shiryen Kasa (1992-1994). A shekara ta 1994, an sake shi a kan ayyukan gudanarwa ga Hukumar Taron Tsarin Mulki ta Kasa, inda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa aikin Majalisar Agusta.

Ya koma Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 1999, daidai da sauyawar Najeriya zuwa mulkin dimokuradiyya. An nada shi magatakarda ga Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Waje sannan kuma ga Kwamitin Tsaro da Lantarki na Kasa. Soli ya sami ɗaya daga cikin damar da ba a saba gani ba a cikin aikin gwamnati lokacin da Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya amince da aikinsa a Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a matsayin Mataimakin Musamman da Minista Mai ba da shawara ga Jakadan [[Jibril Aminu|Farfesa Jibril Aminu]] daga 1999 zuwa 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Sada ya kammala aikinsa kuma an sake dawo da shi cikin Majalisar Dokoki don ci gaba da aikinsa a matsayin jami'in majalisa. Daga nan aka tura shi zuwa Majalisar Dattijai kuma aka nada shi magatakarda a Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijan kan Harkokin Waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Yahaya |first= Ibrahim |date=February 4, 2023 |title=10th Assembly: Why Northwest Deserves Speakership Of The Green |url=https://nationaleconomy.com/10th-assembly-why-northwest-deserves-speakership-of-the-green/ |access-date=May 12, 2024 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Narrowing down the search for next speaker of Nigeria, By Olu Jacobs |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/589471-narrowing-down-the-search-for-next-speaker-of-nigeria-by-olu-jacobs.html?tztc=1 |access-date=May 12, 2024 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A shekara ta 2006, Soli ya shiga cikin siyasar Najeriya. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa tare da Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Wakilai, ya fito da nasara a shekara ta 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Abdulmumuni |first=Dangana |date=March 16, 2023 |title=NASS Speakership: GGTI Roots for Sada Soli |url=https://prnigeria.com/2023/03/16/nass-speakership-ggti-roots/ |access-date=May 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Harkokin Majalisar Dokoki, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da diflomasiyyar majalisa na Majalisar Wakilai (2009-2011).   Kwarewarsa ta baya a matsayin magatakarda na kwamitin da aikinsa tare da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ya taimaka wajen zurfafa hadin gwiwar majalisa tsakanin Najeriya da sauran majalisun yanki da na duniya. Daga baya aka zabe shi a matsayin wakilin yanki na Yammacin Afirka a cikin Kungiyar Majalisar Dokokin Commonwealth (CPA) kuma ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa.

A shekara ta 2011, an nada shi [[Shugaban ma’aikata na kakakin majalisar wakilai|Shugaban Ma'aikata ga Kakakin]] Majalisar, Rt. Hon. [[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal]] (2011-2015). An sake zabarsa a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don wakiltar Majalisa ta Tarayya ta Jibia / Kaita a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 9 [[Jerin Sunayen 'yan majalisar wakilan Najeriya, 2019–2023|Na 10]] a dandalin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress (APC)]] .  A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar kan albarkatun ruwa kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da takardun kudi da shawarwari don hadin kai, zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Tarayyar Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]</text>
      <sha1>n19iw3k31agqzomvho4pq7453h6nvr0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mooi (Vaal)</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1272778388|Mooi River (Vaal)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Mooi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin rafin [[Kogin Vaal]] kuma yana cikin [[Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal|Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Upper Vaal]].

== Kwarara ==
Mooi tana tashi kusa da Koster kuma tana kwarara zuwa kudu. A lokacin tafiyarta tana kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|madatsar ruwan Klerkskraal]], madatsar ruwan Boskop da madatsar ruwan Potchefstroom. Bayan ta tsallaka garin Potchefstroom, sai ta karkata zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta karkata zuwa yamma kafin ta kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]] kusa da kan iyaka da Free State, kimanin kilomita 15.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da Stilfontein. 

Babban yankunanta sune Wonderfonteinspruit (Mooirivierloop) da Loop Spruit.

Ruwan Kogin Mooi da ma'adanan ruwansa sun gurɓata da ƙarfe masu nauyi  a tsakiyarsa da ƙasansa saboda manyan ayyukan haƙar [[zinare]] da uranium a cikin kwarin. 

== Tarihi ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1838, shugaban Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter da mabiyansa suka kafa matsugunin Turai na dindindin na farko a arewacin Vaal kusa da bakin Kogin Mooi, inda suka kafa garin Potchefstroom. An sanya wa birnin suna don girmama Potgieter kuma shi ne babban birnin tsohuwar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, lokacin da babban birnin ya koma [[Pretoria]]. 

Mazauna yankin farko sun sanya wa kogin suna da kuma babban magudanar ruwa ta Wonderfonteinspruit, kuma sunayensu sun samo asali ne daga yawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na karst da aka samu a gefensu. Mafi shahararru sun haɗa da idon Klerkskraal (har yanzu yana aiki), Bovenste Oog (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Gerhard Minnebron (har yanzu yana aiki), idon Boskop (har yanzu ba a san matsayinsa ba), idon Turffontein (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Wonderfonteinspruit (bushe), Oberholzer Oog (bushe), idon Bank (bushe) da idon Venterspos (bushe).

Daga cikin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ido na Klerkskraal ne kawai (wanda ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda ɗaya ta dindindin da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na dindindin), Bovenste Oog da Oog van Gerhard Minnebron har yanzu suna kwarara. Ba a san matsayin Boskop eye ba saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yankin lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Boskop wanda hakan ya sa ya yi matuƙar wahala a gano da kuma lura da shi.

Busassun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun faru ne sakamakon cire ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da suka ciyar da idanu don samar da hanyar haƙar zinare a yankin Yammacin Yamma.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Akwai manyan rafuka guda uku da duk suka haɗu daga gabas, su ne Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit da Rooikraaalspruit. Akwai rafuka da dama da suka daɗe suna magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin.

Fitattun koguna da koguna a cikin ruwan kogin Mooi sun haɗa da Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit, Rooikraalspruit, Enselspruit, Taaiboschspruit, Leeuspruit, Tweeloopiespruit, Mooirivierloop da Spekspruit.

== Fauna ==

=== Kifi ===
Nau'in kifi da aka samu a cikin kogin sun haɗa da Ƙananan bakin Yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus''), Orange River Mudfish (''Labeo capensis''), Moggel (''Labeo umbratus''), Sharptooth Catfish (''Clarias gariepinus''), Banded Tilapia (''Tilapia sparrmanii''), Kudancin Mouthbrooder (''Pseudophinlabrus''), Enterous Barmacrenilabrus, Enterous Barrmani, ''Enterous Barrman , Uku.'', Chubbyhead Barb ''(Enteromius anoplus)'', Madaidaicin-fin Barb ''(Enteromius paludinosus)'', Yammacin Saurofish ''(Gambusia affinia)'', Carp Common ''(Cyprinus carpio)'', Smallmouth Bass (''Micropterus dolomieu)'', Swordtail ''(Xiphophorus helleri )'' Bassmo (Large Carp'')'' ''(Ctenopharyngodon idella'', Rock Catfish ''(Austroglanis sclateri)'', Canary Kurper ''Chetia flaviventris)''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;ma'anar zagaye&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ba a taɓa ganin wani nau'in kifi mai suna Largemouth Yellowfish ''(Labeobarbus kimberleyensis)'' a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a kogin Mooi na sama da na tsakiya ko kuma magudanar ruwansa ba, amma akwai yuwuwar cewa suna faruwa a kogin kusa da bakinsa a kogin Vaal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mozambique Tilapia (''Oreochromis mossambicus''), Redbreast Tilapia (''Coptodon rendalli''), Blue (Isra'ila) Tilapia (''Oreochromis aureus'') da Nile Tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') suna faruwa a cikin Wonderfonteinspruit har zuwa inda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa, amma babu samfurori da aka sani daga kogin Mooi kanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsuntsaye ===
Kogin da kewayensa yana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu yawa sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 250 da aka yi rikodin su, ciki har da Eagle Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Ostrich, Secretarybird, Greater da Lesser Flamingo, Grey Hornbill, Meyers Parrot, Kori Bustard, da kuma Giant Eagle Owl.

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==
Babban madatsun ruwa a cikin Kogin Mooi da magudanan ruwa sune [[Dam ɗin Donaldson|Donaldson Dam]], [[Klipdrift Dam]], [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|Klerkskraal Dam]], Dam Boskop da Dam Potchefstroom.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Kogin Vaal]]

== Manazarta ==
Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)Mooi River (Vaal)
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi%20documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Dandalin Kogin Mooi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, Afirka ta Kudu]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Mooi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin rafin [[Kogin Vaal]] kuma yana cikin [[Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal|Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Upper Vaal]].

== Kwarara ==
Mooi tana tashi kusa da Koster kuma tana kwarara zuwa kudu. A lokacin tafiyarta tana kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|madatsar ruwan Klerkskraal]], madatsar ruwan Boskop da madatsar ruwan Potchefstroom. Bayan ta tsallaka garin Potchefstroom, sai ta karkata zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta karkata zuwa yamma kafin ta kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]] kusa da kan iyaka da Free State, kimanin kilomita 15.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da Stilfontein. 

Babban yankunanta sune Wonderfonteinspruit (Mooirivierloop) da Loop Spruit.

Ruwan Kogin Mooi da ma'adanan ruwansa sun gurɓata da ƙarfe masu nauyi  a tsakiyarsa da ƙasansa saboda manyan ayyukan haƙar [[zinare]] da uranium a cikin kwarin. 

== Tarihi ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1838, shugaban Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter da mabiyansa suka kafa matsugunin Turai na dindindin na farko a arewacin Vaal kusa da bakin Kogin Mooi, inda suka kafa garin Potchefstroom. An sanya wa birnin suna don girmama Potgieter kuma shi ne babban birnin tsohuwar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, lokacin da babban birnin ya koma [[Pretoria]]. 

Mazauna yankin farko sun sanya wa kogin suna da kuma babban magudanar ruwa ta Wonderfonteinspruit, kuma sunayensu sun samo asali ne daga yawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na karst da aka samu a gefensu. Mafi shahararru sun haɗa da idon Klerkskraal (har yanzu yana aiki), Bovenste Oog (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Gerhard Minnebron (har yanzu yana aiki), idon Boskop (har yanzu ba a san matsayinsa ba), idon Turffontein (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Wonderfonteinspruit (bushe), Oberholzer Oog (bushe), idon Bank (bushe) da idon Venterspos (bushe).

Daga cikin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ido na Klerkskraal ne kawai (wanda ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda ɗaya ta dindindin da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na dindindin), Bovenste Oog da Oog van Gerhard Minnebron har yanzu suna kwarara. Ba a san matsayin Boskop eye ba saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yankin lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Boskop wanda hakan ya sa ya yi matuƙar wahala a gano da kuma lura da shi.

Busassun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun faru ne sakamakon cire ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da suka ciyar da idanu don samar da hanyar haƙar zinare a yankin Yammacin Yamma.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Akwai manyan rafuka guda uku da duk suka haɗu daga gabas, su ne Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit da Rooikraaalspruit. Akwai rafuka da dama da suka daɗe suna magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin.

Fitattun koguna da koguna a cikin ruwan kogin Mooi sun haɗa da Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit, Rooikraalspruit, Enselspruit, Taaiboschspruit, Leeuspruit, Tweeloopiespruit, Mooirivierloop da Spekspruit.

== Fauna ==

=== Kifi ===
Nau'in kifi da aka samu a cikin kogin sun haɗa da Ƙananan bakin Yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus''), Orange River Mudfish (''Labeo capensis''), Moggel (''Labeo umbratus''), Sharptooth Catfish (''Clarias gariepinus''), Banded Tilapia (''Tilapia sparrmanii''), Kudancin Mouthbrooder (''Pseudophinlabrus''), Enterous Barmacrenilabrus, Enterous Barrmani, ''Enterous Barrman , Uku.'', Chubbyhead Barb ''(Enteromius anoplus)'', Madaidaicin-fin Barb ''(Enteromius paludinosus)'', Yammacin Saurofish ''(Gambusia affinia)'', Carp Common ''(Cyprinus carpio)'', Smallmouth Bass (''Micropterus dolomieu)'', Swordtail ''(Xiphophorus helleri )'' Bassmo (Large Carp'')'' ''(Ctenopharyngodon idella'', Rock Catfish ''(Austroglanis sclateri)'', Canary Kurper ''Chetia flaviventris)''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;ma'anar zagaye&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ba a taɓa ganin wani nau'in kifi mai suna Largemouth Yellowfish ''(Labeobarbus kimberleyensis)'' a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a kogin Mooi na sama da na tsakiya ko kuma magudanar ruwansa ba, amma akwai yuwuwar cewa suna faruwa a kogin kusa da bakinsa a kogin Vaal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mozambique Tilapia (''Oreochromis mossambicus''), Redbreast Tilapia (''Coptodon rendalli''), Blue (Isra'ila) Tilapia (''Oreochromis aureus'') da Nile Tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') suna faruwa a cikin Wonderfonteinspruit har zuwa inda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa, amma babu samfurori da aka sani daga kogin Mooi kanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsuntsaye ===
Kogin da kewayensa yana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu yawa sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 250 da aka yi rikodin su, ciki har da Eagle Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Ostrich, Secretarybird, Greater da Lesser Flamingo, Grey Hornbill, Meyers Parrot, Kori Bustard, da kuma Giant Eagle Owl.

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==
Babban madatsun ruwa a cikin Kogin Mooi da magudanan ruwa sune [[Dam ɗin Donaldson|Donaldson Dam]], [[Klipdrift Dam]], [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|Klerkskraal Dam]], Dam Boskop da Dam Potchefstroom.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Kogin Vaal]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi%20documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Dandalin Kogin Mooi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, Afirka ta Kudu]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Mooi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin rafin [[Kogin Vaal]] kuma yana cikin [[Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal|Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Upper Vaal]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mooi tana tashi kusa da Koster kuma tana kwarara zuwa kudu. A lokacin tafiyarta tana kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|madatsar ruwan Klerkskraal]], madatsar ruwan Boskop da madatsar ruwan Potchefstroom. Bayan ta tsallaka garin Potchefstroom, sai ta karkata zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta karkata zuwa yamma kafin ta kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]] kusa da kan iyaka da Free State, kimanin kilomita 15.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da Stilfontein. 

Babban yankunanta sune Wonderfonteinspruit (Mooirivierloop) da Loop Spruit.

Ruwan Kogin Mooi da ma'adanan ruwansa sun gurɓata da ƙarfe masu nauyi  a tsakiyarsa da ƙasansa saboda manyan ayyukan haƙar [[zinare]] da uranium a cikin kwarin. 

== Tarihi ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1838, shugaban Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter da mabiyansa suka kafa matsugunin Turai na dindindin na farko a arewacin Vaal kusa da bakin Kogin Mooi, inda suka kafa garin Potchefstroom. An sanya wa birnin suna don girmama Potgieter kuma shi ne babban birnin tsohuwar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, lokacin da babban birnin ya koma [[Pretoria]]. 

Mazauna yankin farko sun sanya wa kogin suna da kuma babban magudanar ruwa ta Wonderfonteinspruit, kuma sunayensu sun samo asali ne daga yawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na karst da aka samu a gefensu. Mafi shahararru sun haɗa da idon Klerkskraal (har yanzu yana aiki), Bovenste Oog (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Gerhard Minnebron (har yanzu yana aiki), idon Boskop (har yanzu ba a san matsayinsa ba), idon Turffontein (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Wonderfonteinspruit (bushe), Oberholzer Oog (bushe), idon Bank (bushe) da idon Venterspos (bushe).

Daga cikin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ido na Klerkskraal ne kawai (wanda ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda ɗaya ta dindindin da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na dindindin), Bovenste Oog da Oog van Gerhard Minnebron har yanzu suna kwarara. Ba a san matsayin Boskop eye ba saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yankin lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Boskop wanda hakan ya sa ya yi matuƙar wahala a gano da kuma lura da shi.

Busassun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun faru ne sakamakon cire ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da suka ciyar da idanu don samar da hanyar haƙar zinare a yankin Yammacin Yamma.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Akwai manyan rafuka guda uku da duk suka haɗu daga gabas, su ne Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit da Rooikraaalspruit. Akwai rafuka da dama da suka daɗe suna magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin.

Fitattun koguna da koguna a cikin ruwan kogin Mooi sun haɗa da Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit, Rooikraalspruit, Enselspruit, Taaiboschspruit, Leeuspruit, Tweeloopiespruit, Mooirivierloop da Spekspruit.

== Fauna ==

=== Kifi ===
Nau'in kifi da aka samu a cikin kogin sun haɗa da Ƙananan bakin Yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus''), Orange River Mudfish (''Labeo capensis''), Moggel (''Labeo umbratus''), Sharptooth Catfish (''Clarias gariepinus''), Banded Tilapia (''Tilapia sparrmanii''), Kudancin Mouthbrooder (''Pseudophinlabrus''), Enterous Barmacrenilabrus, Enterous Barrmani, ''Enterous Barrman , Uku.'', Chubbyhead Barb ''(Enteromius anoplus)'', Madaidaicin-fin Barb ''(Enteromius paludinosus)'', Yammacin Saurofish ''(Gambusia affinia)'', Carp Common ''(Cyprinus carpio)'', Smallmouth Bass (''Micropterus dolomieu)'', Swordtail ''(Xiphophorus helleri )'' Bassmo (Large Carp'')'' ''(Ctenopharyngodon idella'', Rock Catfish ''(Austroglanis sclateri)'', Canary Kurper ''Chetia flaviventris)''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;ma'anar zagaye&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ba a taɓa ganin wani nau'in kifi mai suna Largemouth Yellowfish ''(Labeobarbus kimberleyensis)'' a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a kogin Mooi na sama da na tsakiya ko kuma magudanar ruwansa ba, amma akwai yuwuwar cewa suna faruwa a kogin kusa da bakinsa a kogin Vaal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mozambique Tilapia (''Oreochromis mossambicus''), Redbreast Tilapia (''Coptodon rendalli''), Blue (Isra'ila) Tilapia (''Oreochromis aureus'') da Nile Tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') suna faruwa a cikin Wonderfonteinspruit har zuwa inda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa, amma babu samfurori da aka sani daga kogin Mooi kanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsuntsaye ===
Kogin da kewayensa yana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu yawa sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 250 da aka yi rikodin su, ciki har da Eagle Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Ostrich, Secretarybird, Greater da Lesser Flamingo, Grey Hornbill, Meyers Parrot, Kori Bustard, da kuma Giant Eagle Owl.

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==
Babban madatsun ruwa a cikin Kogin Mooi da magudanan ruwa sune [[Dam ɗin Donaldson|Donaldson Dam]], [[Klipdrift Dam]], [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|Klerkskraal Dam]], Dam Boskop da Dam Potchefstroom.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Kogin Vaal]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi%20documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Dandalin Kogin Mooi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, Afirka ta Kudu]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Mooi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin rafin [[Kogin Vaal]] kuma yana cikin [[Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal|Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Upper Vaal]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mooi tana tashi kusa da Koster kuma tana kwarara zuwa kudu. A lokacin tafiyarta tana kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|madatsar ruwan Klerkskraal]], madatsar ruwan Boskop da madatsar ruwan Potchefstroom. Bayan ta tsallaka garin Potchefstroom, sai ta karkata zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta karkata zuwa yamma kafin ta kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]] kusa da kan iyaka da Free State, kimanin kilomita 15.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da Stilfontein.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal WMA 8]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Babban yankunanta sune Wonderfonteinspruit (Mooirivierloop) da Loop Spruit.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/4672/2004_Apr-04_9_ABSTRACT.pdf Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in mudfish and sediments from three hard-water dams in the Mooi River catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwan Kogin Mooi da ma'adanan ruwansa sun gurɓata da ƙarfe masu nauyi  a tsakiyarsa da ƙasansa saboda manyan ayyukan haƙar [[zinare]] da uranium a cikin kwarin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/radioact/mooi/summary_2.htm Radioactivity Monitoring Programme - Mooi River catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1838, shugaban Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter da mabiyansa suka kafa matsugunin Turai na dindindin na farko a arewacin Vaal kusa da bakin Kogin Mooi, inda suka kafa garin Potchefstroom. An sanya wa birnin suna don girmama Potgieter kuma shi ne babban birnin tsohuwar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, lokacin da babban birnin ya koma [[Pretoria]]. 

Mazauna yankin farko sun sanya wa kogin suna da kuma babban magudanar ruwa ta Wonderfonteinspruit, kuma sunayensu sun samo asali ne daga yawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na karst da aka samu a gefensu. Mafi shahararru sun haɗa da idon Klerkskraal (har yanzu yana aiki), Bovenste Oog (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Gerhard Minnebron (har yanzu yana aiki), idon Boskop (har yanzu ba a san matsayinsa ba), idon Turffontein (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Wonderfonteinspruit (bushe), Oberholzer Oog (bushe), idon Bank (bushe) da idon Venterspos (bushe).

Daga cikin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ido na Klerkskraal ne kawai (wanda ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda ɗaya ta dindindin da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na dindindin), Bovenste Oog da Oog van Gerhard Minnebron har yanzu suna kwarara. Ba a san matsayin Boskop eye ba saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yankin lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Boskop wanda hakan ya sa ya yi matuƙar wahala a gano da kuma lura da shi.

Busassun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun faru ne sakamakon cire ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da suka ciyar da idanu don samar da hanyar haƙar zinare a yankin Yammacin Yamma.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Akwai manyan rafuka guda uku da duk suka haɗu daga gabas, su ne Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit da Rooikraaalspruit. Akwai rafuka da dama da suka daɗe suna magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin.

Fitattun koguna da koguna a cikin ruwan kogin Mooi sun haɗa da Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit, Rooikraalspruit, Enselspruit, Taaiboschspruit, Leeuspruit, Tweeloopiespruit, Mooirivierloop da Spekspruit.

== Fauna ==

=== Kifi ===
Nau'in kifi da aka samu a cikin kogin sun haɗa da Ƙananan bakin Yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus''), Orange River Mudfish (''Labeo capensis''), Moggel (''Labeo umbratus''), Sharptooth Catfish (''Clarias gariepinus''), Banded Tilapia (''Tilapia sparrmanii''), Kudancin Mouthbrooder (''Pseudophinlabrus''), Enterous Barmacrenilabrus, Enterous Barrmani, ''Enterous Barrman , Uku.'', Chubbyhead Barb ''(Enteromius anoplus)'', Madaidaicin-fin Barb ''(Enteromius paludinosus)'', Yammacin Saurofish ''(Gambusia affinia)'', Carp Common ''(Cyprinus carpio)'', Smallmouth Bass (''Micropterus dolomieu)'', Swordtail ''(Xiphophorus helleri )'' Bassmo (Large Carp'')'' ''(Ctenopharyngodon idella'', Rock Catfish ''(Austroglanis sclateri)'', Canary Kurper ''Chetia flaviventris)''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;ma'anar zagaye&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ba a taɓa ganin wani nau'in kifi mai suna Largemouth Yellowfish ''(Labeobarbus kimberleyensis)'' a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a kogin Mooi na sama da na tsakiya ko kuma magudanar ruwansa ba, amma akwai yuwuwar cewa suna faruwa a kogin kusa da bakinsa a kogin Vaal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mozambique Tilapia (''Oreochromis mossambicus''), Redbreast Tilapia (''Coptodon rendalli''), Blue (Isra'ila) Tilapia (''Oreochromis aureus'') da Nile Tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') suna faruwa a cikin Wonderfonteinspruit har zuwa inda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa, amma babu samfurori da aka sani daga kogin Mooi kanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsuntsaye ===
Kogin da kewayensa yana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu yawa sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 250 da aka yi rikodin su, ciki har da Eagle Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Ostrich, Secretarybird, Greater da Lesser Flamingo, Grey Hornbill, Meyers Parrot, Kori Bustard, da kuma Giant Eagle Owl.

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==
Babban madatsun ruwa a cikin Kogin Mooi da magudanan ruwa sune [[Dam ɗin Donaldson|Donaldson Dam]], [[Klipdrift Dam]], [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|Klerkskraal Dam]], Dam Boskop da Dam Potchefstroom.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Kogin Vaal]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi%20documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Dandalin Kogin Mooi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, Afirka ta Kudu]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Mooi'''  kogi ne a Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin rafin [[Kogin Vaal]] kuma yana cikin [[Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Upper Vaal|Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Upper Vaal]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
Mooi tana tashi kusa da Koster kuma tana kwarara zuwa kudu. A lokacin tafiyarta tana kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|madatsar ruwan Klerkskraal]], madatsar ruwan Boskop da madatsar ruwan Potchefstroom. Bayan ta tsallaka garin Potchefstroom, sai ta karkata zuwa kudu maso yamma, ta karkata zuwa yamma kafin ta kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]] kusa da kan iyaka da Free State, kimanin kilomita 15.&amp;nbsp;kilomita gabas da Stilfontein.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal WMA 8]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Babban yankunanta sune Wonderfonteinspruit (Mooirivierloop) da Loop Spruit.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/4672/2004_Apr-04_9_ABSTRACT.pdf Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in mudfish and sediments from three hard-water dams in the Mooi River catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruwan Kogin Mooi da ma'adanan ruwansa sun gurɓata da ƙarfe masu nauyi  a tsakiyarsa da ƙasansa saboda manyan ayyukan haƙar [[zinare]] da uranium a cikin kwarin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/radioact/mooi/summary_2.htm Radioactivity Monitoring Programme - Mooi River catchment]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1838, shugaban Voortrekker Andries Hendrik Potgieter da mabiyansa suka kafa matsugunin Turai na dindindin na farko a arewacin Vaal kusa da bakin Kogin Mooi, inda suka kafa garin Potchefstroom. An sanya wa birnin suna don girmama Potgieter kuma shi ne babban birnin tsohuwar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu har zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 1860, lokacin da babban birnin ya koma [[Pretoria]]. 

Mazauna yankin farko sun sanya wa kogin suna da kuma babban magudanar ruwa ta Wonderfonteinspruit, kuma sunayensu sun samo asali ne daga yawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na karst da aka samu a gefensu. Mafi shahararru sun haɗa da idon Klerkskraal (har yanzu yana aiki), Bovenste Oog (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Gerhard Minnebron (har yanzu yana aiki), idon Boskop (har yanzu ba a san matsayinsa ba), idon Turffontein (har yanzu yana aiki), Oog van Wonderfonteinspruit (bushe), Oberholzer Oog (bushe), idon Bank (bushe) da idon Venterspos (bushe).

Daga cikin waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan ruwan ido na Klerkskraal ne kawai (wanda ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa guda ɗaya ta dindindin da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa na dindindin), Bovenste Oog da Oog van Gerhard Minnebron har yanzu suna kwarara. Ba a san matsayin Boskop eye ba saboda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yankin lokacin da aka gina madatsar ruwan Boskop wanda hakan ya sa ya yi matuƙar wahala a gano da kuma lura da shi.

Busassun maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun faru ne sakamakon cire ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan da suka ciyar da idanu don samar da hanyar haƙar zinare a yankin Yammacin Yamma.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Akwai manyan rafuka guda uku da duk suka haɗu daga gabas, su ne Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit da Rooikraaalspruit. Akwai rafuka da dama da suka daɗe suna magudanar ruwa a gefen kogin.

Fitattun koguna da koguna a cikin ruwan kogin Mooi sun haɗa da Wonderfonteinspruit, Loopspruit, Rooikraalspruit, Enselspruit, Taaiboschspruit, Leeuspruit, Tweeloopiespruit, Mooirivierloop da Spekspruit.

== Fauna ==

=== Kifi ===
Nau'in kifi da aka samu a cikin kogin sun haɗa da Ƙananan bakin Yellowfish (''Labeobarbus aeneus''), Orange River Mudfish (''Labeo capensis''), Moggel (''Labeo umbratus''), Sharptooth Catfish (''Clarias gariepinus''), Banded Tilapia (''Tilapia sparrmanii''), Kudancin Mouthbrooder (''Pseudophinlabrus''), Enterous Barmacrenilabrus, Enterous Barrmani, ''Enterous Barrman , Uku.'', Chubbyhead Barb ''(Enteromius anoplus)'', Madaidaicin-fin Barb ''(Enteromius paludinosus)'', Yammacin Saurofish ''(Gambusia affinia)'', Carp Common ''(Cyprinus carpio)'', Smallmouth Bass (''Micropterus dolomieu)'', Swordtail ''(Xiphophorus helleri )'' Bassmo (Large Carp'')'' ''(Ctenopharyngodon idella'', Rock Catfish ''(Austroglanis sclateri)'', Canary Kurper ''Chetia flaviventris)''. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (October 2020)&quot;&gt;ma'anar zagaye&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ba a taɓa ganin wani nau'in kifi mai suna Largemouth Yellowfish ''(Labeobarbus kimberleyensis)'' a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a kogin Mooi na sama da na tsakiya ko kuma magudanar ruwansa ba, amma akwai yuwuwar cewa suna faruwa a kogin kusa da bakinsa a kogin Vaal. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mozambique Tilapia (''Oreochromis mossambicus''), Redbreast Tilapia (''Coptodon rendalli''), Blue (Isra'ila) Tilapia (''Oreochromis aureus'') da Nile Tilapia (''Oreochromis niloticus'') suna faruwa a cikin Wonderfonteinspruit har zuwa inda ya ɓace a cikin ƙasa, amma babu samfurori da aka sani daga kogin Mooi kanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=boskopwiki |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskop_Dam |access-date= |website=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[[:en:Boskop_Dam|&quot;boskopwiki&quot;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsuntsaye ===
Kogin da kewayensa yana ɗauke da tsuntsaye masu yawa sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 250 da aka yi rikodin su, ciki har da Eagle Fish Eagle, Martial Eagle, Ostrich, Secretarybird, Greater da Lesser Flamingo, Grey Hornbill, Meyers Parrot, Kori Bustard, da kuma Giant Eagle Owl.

== Dams a cikin kwarin ==
Babban madatsun ruwa a cikin Kogin Mooi da magudanan ruwa sune [[Dam ɗin Donaldson|Donaldson Dam]], [[Klipdrift Dam]], [[Dam ɗin Klerkkraal|Klerkskraal Dam]], Dam Boskop da Dam Potchefstroom.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Kogin Vaal]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi%20documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Dandalin Kogin Mooi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, Afirka ta Kudu]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Solomon Adun Asemota</title>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Solomon Adun Asemota | honorific_suffix = SAN | birth_date = 8 Disamba 1938 | birth_place = Benin City, Jihar Edo, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | alma_mater = Jami'ar Legas | known_for = Lauyan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN) }}  '''Solomon Adun Asemota''' SAN lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun manyan lauyoyin ƙasar. An haife shi a ranar 8 ga...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4941" sha1="km1mkzo5vr2q99ie0nz0kjk7d3onnqz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Solomon Adun Asemota
| honorific_suffix = SAN
| birth_date = 8 Disamba 1938
| birth_place = Benin City, Jihar Edo, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| alma_mater = Jami'ar Legas
| known_for = Lauyan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN)
}}

'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' SAN lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun manyan lauyoyin ƙasar. An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1938 a Benin City, Jihar Edo. Ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.''' a shekarar 1970, wanda ke da ofisoshi a Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja da kuma London. A shekarar 1986 aka ba shi muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai a harkar lauya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation (BLERF), &quot;ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun&quot;, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;InlandTown, &quot;A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2&quot;, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
Asemota ya fara karatunsa ne a makarantar St. Luke's School da ke Jos a shekarar 1945. Daga baya ya halarci Immaculate Conception College da ke Benin City inda ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1958. Bayan haka ya samu horo a Southern Police College da ke Ikeja, sannan ya halarci ƙarin horo a Wakefield Police College a Ingila da kuma Scottish Police College a Scotland. Tsakanin shekarun 1964 zuwa 1969 ya karanci fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Legas inda ya samu digirin LL.B. Bayan kammala karatu a Nigerian Law School a shekarar 1970, aka kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Solomon Adun Asemota profile.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;BLERF Biography.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin ɗan sanda ==
Kafin ya zama lauya, Asemota ya yi aiki a rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya. Ya shiga aikin a matsayin Cadet Sub-Inspector a shekarar 1959. A lokacin aikinsa ya riƙe mukamai daban-daban ciki har da Assistant Superintendent of Police da Superintendent of Police. Ya kuma kasance cikin tawagar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a ƙasar Congo a shekarar 1963. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a ofisoshin binciken manyan laifuka da Interpol a Najeriya kafin ya yi murabus daga rundunar 'yan sanda a shekarar 1970 domin mayar da hankali ga harkar lauya.&lt;ref&gt;Solomon Adun Asemota Career Profile.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Sun Nigeria, &quot;Solomon Asemota: Wishing you many more years of national service&quot;, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
Bayan an kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a shekarar 1970, Asemota ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'''. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren reshen Benin na Nigerian Bar Association daga 1974 zuwa 1978 sannan ya zama Ma'ajin ƙungiyar ta ƙasa daga 1978 zuwa 1980. Ya kuma kasance memba a General Council of the Bar da Council of Legal Education. A shekarar 1985 ya yi aikin malami mai ziyara a Institute of Advanced Legal Studies inda ya koyar da Civil Procedure. A shekarar 1986 aka naɗa shi a matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN).&lt;ref&gt;InlandTown, &quot;A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Solomon Adun Asemota Career Profile.&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin aikinsa na lauya, ya wakilci manyan kamfanoni da hukumomi kamar Elf Petroleum Nigeria Ltd., Najeriya Police Force, State Security Service (SSS), Jami'ar Benin da kuma Oil Mineral Producing Area Development Commission (OMPADEC). An san shi da ƙwarewa a harkokin shari'ar kasuwanci, kundin tsarin mulki da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam.&lt;ref&gt;Solomon Adun Asemota Career Profile.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fafutukar jama'a da ra'ayoyi ==
Asemota ya kasance mai bayyana ra'ayoyinsa kan batutuwan mulki, dimokuraɗiyya da zaman lafiya a Najeriya. Ya yi rubuce-rubuce da jawabai da dama kan matsalolin siyasa, addini da zamantakewa a ƙasar. Ya kasance shugaban National Christian Elders Forum (NCEF) kuma ya yi kira ga shugabanni da lauyoyi su kare doka da adalci domin ci gaban Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;InlandTown, &quot;A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Christian Social Movement of Nigeria, &quot;Lawyers Must Not Fail Nigeria&quot;, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
A shekarar 1986, an ba Solomon Asemota muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda ake bai wa lauyoyin da suka yi fice a harkar shari'a a Najeriya. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin ƙasar da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar shari'a da kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam.&lt;ref&gt;Complete List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
A shekarar 2017, gwamnatin Jihar Edo tare da fitattun alƙalai, lauyoyi da manyan jami'an gwamnati sun yi bikin cikar Solomon Asemota shekaru 80 da haihuwa, inda aka yaba masa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ɓangaren shari'a da ci gaban Najeriya tsawon shekaru da dama.&lt;ref&gt;THISDAY, &quot;Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Independent Newspaper Nigeria, &quot;Gov. Obaseki Rejoices With Asemota At 80&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;
```8</text>
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      <text bytes="7020" sha1="oyb6es4j4jk77kklq3m87aut1ydj7nr" xml:space="preserve">'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' (SAN) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, kuma babban masani a harkar shari’a. Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin lauya, aikin 'yan sanda, da kuma muhawarar kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' kuma an ba shi lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Solomon Adun Asemota a ranar 8 ga Disamba a Benin City, jihar Edo. Ya fara karatunsa a St. Luke's School da ke Jos kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Immaculate Conception College da ke Benin City. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya shiga horon 'yan sanda a Southern Police College da ke Ikeja sannan ya samu ƙarin horaswa a Wakefield Police College a Ingila da kuma Scottish Police College a Scotland. Daga bisani ya karanci shari’a a Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), inda ya samu digirin LL.B., sannan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) kafin a kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a shekarar 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin 'yan sanda == Kafin ya zama lauya, Asemota ya yi aiki a rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya. Ya shiga aikin ne a matsayin Cadet Sub-Inspector a shekarar 1959 kuma ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, gudanarwa da horaswa. Haka kuma ya wakilci Najeriya a wasu ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa ciki har da aikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Kongo (ONUC). Ya kai matsayin Superintendent of Police kafin ya yi murabus daga aikin 'yan sanda a shekarar 1970 domin fara aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya == Bayan ya shiga aikin lauya, Asemota ya kafa kamfanin ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1970. Kamfanin ya bunƙasa tare da buɗe ofisoshi a Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja da kuma London. A tsawon aikinsa ya wakilci hukumomi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da dama, ciki har da jami’an tsaro, jami’o’i da kamfanonin mai. A shekarar 1986 aka ba shi matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya == Asemota ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a cikin Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). Ya kasance sakataren reshen NBA na Benin daga 1974 zuwa 1978, sannan ya zama ma’aji na ƙasa daga 1978 zuwa 1980. Haka kuma ya kasance memba na General Council of the Bar da kuma Council of Legal Education. Ya koyar a matsayin Visiting Lecturer a Institute of Advanced Legal Studies kuma ya kasance cikin kwamitocin da ke kula da ladabtar da lauyoyi da kuma ba da matsayin SAN ga fitattun lauyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan jama'a da siyasa == Asemota ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan tsarin mulkin Najeriya, dimokuraɗiyya da kuma gyaran siyasa. Ya kasance cikin masu kira da a gudanar da taron ƙasa domin sake fasalin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Ya shiga kwamitin da Sanata Femi Okurounmu ya jagoranta wajen shirya Taron Tsarin Mulki na 2014, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar tabbatar da adalci da daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da yankunan ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/only-citizens-can-produce-genuine-constitution/amp/ |title=Only citizens can produce genuine Constitution |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://reubenabati.com.ng/opinion/opinion-the-future-of-nigeria-and-africa-are-in-your-generation-s-hands-solomon-adun-asemota-san |title=The Future Of Nigeria And Africa Are In Your Generation’s Hands |website=Reuben Abati |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam == A matsayinsa na lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Asemota ya yi magana kan batutuwan tsaro, addini, mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da zaman lafiya a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin National Christian Elders Forum (NCEF) kuma ya rubuta muƙalu da dama da ke tattauna matsalolin siyasa da zamantakewa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/p/207009/it-is-wrong-to-equate-cattle-to-human-beings-asemota.html |title=It is wrong to equate cattle to human beings – Asemota |website=Tribune Online |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa == Asemota ya samu yabo daga manyan mutane da cibiyoyi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkar shari’a da ci gaban Najeriya. A lokacin bikin cikarsa shekaru 80, gwamnan jihar Edo, Godwin Obaseki, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana shari’a da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar adalci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' (SAN) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, kuma babban masani a harkar shari’a. Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin lauya, aikin 'yan sanda, da kuma muhawarar kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' kuma an ba shi lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Solomon Adun Asemota a ranar 8 ga Disamba a Benin City, jihar Edo. Ya fara karatunsa a St. Luke's School da ke Jos kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Immaculate Conception College da ke Benin City. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya shiga horon 'yan sanda a Southern Police College da ke Ikeja sannan ya samu ƙarin horaswa a Wakefield Police College a Ingila da kuma Scottish Police College a Scotland. Daga bisani ya karanci shari’a a Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), inda ya samu digirin LL.B., sannan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) kafin a kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a shekarar 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin 'yan sanda == Kafin ya zama lauya, Asemota ya yi aiki a rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya. Ya shiga aikin ne a matsayin Cadet Sub-Inspector a shekarar 1959 kuma ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, gudanarwa da horaswa. Haka kuma ya wakilci Najeriya a wasu ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa ciki har da aikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Kongo (ONUC). Ya kai matsayin Superintendent of Police kafin ya yi murabus daga aikin 'yan sanda a shekarar 1970 domin fara aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya == Bayan ya shiga aikin lauya, Asemota ya kafa kamfanin ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1970. Kamfanin ya bunƙasa tare da buɗe ofisoshi a Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja da kuma London. A tsawon aikinsa ya wakilci hukumomi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da dama, ciki har da jami’an tsaro, jami’o’i da kamfanonin mai. A shekarar 1986 aka ba shi matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya == Asemota ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a cikin Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). Ya kasance sakataren reshen NBA na Benin daga 1974 zuwa 1978, sannan ya zama ma’aji na ƙasa daga 1978 zuwa 1980. Haka kuma ya kasance memba na General Council of the Bar da kuma Council of Legal Education. Ya koyar a matsayin Visiting Lecturer a Institute of Advanced Legal Studies kuma ya kasance cikin kwamitocin da ke kula da ladabtar da lauyoyi da kuma ba da matsayin SAN ga fitattun lauyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan jama'a da siyasa == Asemota ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan tsarin mulkin Najeriya, dimokuraɗiyya da kuma gyaran siyasa. Ya kasance cikin masu kira da a gudanar da taron ƙasa domin sake fasalin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Ya shiga kwamitin da Sanata Femi Okurounmu ya jagoranta wajen shirya Taron Tsarin Mulki na 2014, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar tabbatar da adalci da daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da yankunan ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/only-citizens-can-produce-genuine-constitution/amp/ |title=Only citizens can produce genuine Constitution |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://reubenabati.com.ng/opinion/opinion-the-future-of-nigeria-and-africa-are-in-your-generation-s-hands-solomon-adun-asemota-san |title=The Future Of Nigeria And Africa Are In Your Generation’s Hands |website=Reuben Abati |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam == A matsayinsa na lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Asemota ya yi magana kan batutuwan tsaro, addini, mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da zaman lafiya a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin National Christian Elders Forum (NCEF) kuma ya rubuta muƙalu da dama da ke tattauna matsalolin siyasa da zamantakewa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/p/207009/it-is-wrong-to-equate-cattle-to-human-beings-asemota.html |title=It is wrong to equate cattle to human beings – Asemota |website=Tribune Online |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa == Asemota ya samu yabo daga manyan mutane da cibiyoyi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkar shari’a da ci gaban Najeriya. A lokacin bikin cikarsa shekaru 80, gwamnan jihar Edo, Godwin Obaseki, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana shari’a da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar adalci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' (SAN) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, kuma babban masani a harkar shari’a. Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin lauya, aikin 'yan sanda, da kuma muhawarar kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' kuma an ba shi lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu  ==
An haifi Solomon Adun Asemota a ranar 8 ga Disamba a Benin City, jihar Edo. Ya fara karatunsa a St. Luke's School da ke Jos kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Immaculate Conception College da ke Benin City. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya shiga horon 'yan sanda a Southern Police College da ke Ikeja sannan ya samu ƙarin horaswa a Wakefield Police College a Ingila da kuma Scottish Police College a Scotland. Daga bisani ya karanci shari’a a Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), inda ya samu digirin LL.B., sannan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) kafin a kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a shekarar 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin 'yan sanda == Kafin ya zama lauya, Asemota ya yi aiki a rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya. Ya shiga aikin ne a matsayin Cadet Sub-Inspector a shekarar 1959 kuma ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, gudanarwa da horaswa. Haka kuma ya wakilci Najeriya a wasu ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa ciki har da aikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Kongo (ONUC). Ya kai matsayin Superintendent of Police kafin ya yi murabus daga aikin 'yan sanda a shekarar 1970 domin fara aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya == Bayan ya shiga aikin lauya, Asemota ya kafa kamfanin ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1970. Kamfanin ya bunƙasa tare da buɗe ofisoshi a Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja da kuma London. A tsawon aikinsa ya wakilci hukumomi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da dama, ciki har da jami’an tsaro, jami’o’i da kamfanonin mai. A shekarar 1986 aka ba shi matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya == Asemota ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a cikin Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). Ya kasance sakataren reshen NBA na Benin daga 1974 zuwa 1978, sannan ya zama ma’aji na ƙasa daga 1978 zuwa 1980. Haka kuma ya kasance memba na General Council of the Bar da kuma Council of Legal Education. Ya koyar a matsayin Visiting Lecturer a Institute of Advanced Legal Studies kuma ya kasance cikin kwamitocin da ke kula da ladabtar da lauyoyi da kuma ba da matsayin SAN ga fitattun lauyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan jama'a da siyasa == Asemota ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan tsarin mulkin Najeriya, dimokuraɗiyya da kuma gyaran siyasa. Ya kasance cikin masu kira da a gudanar da taron ƙasa domin sake fasalin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Ya shiga kwamitin da Sanata Femi Okurounmu ya jagoranta wajen shirya Taron Tsarin Mulki na 2014, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar tabbatar da adalci da daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da yankunan ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/only-citizens-can-produce-genuine-constitution/amp/ |title=Only citizens can produce genuine Constitution |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://reubenabati.com.ng/opinion/opinion-the-future-of-nigeria-and-africa-are-in-your-generation-s-hands-solomon-adun-asemota-san |title=The Future Of Nigeria And Africa Are In Your Generation’s Hands |website=Reuben Abati |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam == A matsayinsa na lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Asemota ya yi magana kan batutuwan tsaro, addini, mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da zaman lafiya a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin National Christian Elders Forum (NCEF) kuma ya rubuta muƙalu da dama da ke tattauna matsalolin siyasa da zamantakewa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/p/207009/it-is-wrong-to-equate-cattle-to-human-beings-asemota.html |title=It is wrong to equate cattle to human beings – Asemota |website=Tribune Online |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa == Asemota ya samu yabo daga manyan mutane da cibiyoyi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkar shari’a da ci gaban Najeriya. A lokacin bikin cikarsa shekaru 80, gwamnan jihar Edo, Godwin Obaseki, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana shari’a da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar adalci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>/* Rayuwar farko da karatu */</comment>
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'''Solomon Adun Asemota''' (SAN) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, kuma babban masani a harkar shari’a. Ya shahara saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin lauya, aikin 'yan sanda, da kuma muhawarar kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' kuma an ba shi lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu  ==
An haifi Solomon Adun Asemota a ranar 8 ga Disamba a Benin City, jihar Edo. Ya fara karatunsa a St. Luke's School da ke Jos kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Immaculate Conception College da ke Benin City. Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, ya shiga horon 'yan sanda a Southern Police College da ke Ikeja sannan ya samu ƙarin horaswa a Wakefield Police College a Ingila da kuma Scottish Police College a Scotland. Daga bisani ya karanci shari’a a Jami'ar Legas (University of Lagos), inda ya samu digirin LL.B., sannan ya halarci Makarantar Horar da Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) kafin a kira shi zuwa aikin lauya a shekarar 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin 'yan sanda ==
Kafin ya zama lauya, Asemota ya yi aiki a rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya. Ya shiga aikin ne a matsayin Cadet Sub-Inspector a shekarar 1959 kuma ya yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, gudanarwa da horaswa. Haka kuma ya wakilci Najeriya a wasu ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa ciki har da aikin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Kongo (ONUC). Ya kai matsayin Superintendent of Police kafin ya yi murabus daga aikin 'yan sanda a shekarar 1970 domin fara aikin lauya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Adun_Asemota |title=Solomon Adun Asemota |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
Bayan ya shiga aikin lauya, Asemota ya kafa kamfanin ''Solomon Asemota &amp; Co.'' a shekarar 1970. Kamfanin ya bunƙasa tare da buɗe ofisoshi a Benin City, Lagos, Port Harcourt, Abuja da kuma London. A tsawon aikinsa ya wakilci hukumomi da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da dama, ciki har da jami’an tsaro, jami’o’i da kamfanonin mai. A shekarar 1986 aka ba shi matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN), wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga Kungiyar Lauyoyi ta Najeriya ==
Asemota ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a cikin Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). Ya kasance sakataren reshen NBA na Benin daga 1974 zuwa 1978, sannan ya zama ma’aji na ƙasa daga 1978 zuwa 1980. Haka kuma ya kasance memba na General Council of the Bar da kuma Council of Legal Education. Ya koyar a matsayin Visiting Lecturer a Institute of Advanced Legal Studies kuma ya kasance cikin kwamitocin da ke kula da ladabtar da lauyoyi da kuma ba da matsayin SAN ga fitattun lauyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/asemota-chief-solomon-adun/ |title=ASEMOTA, Chief Solomon Adun |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan jama'a da siyasa ==
Asemota ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan tsarin mulkin Najeriya, dimokuraɗiyya da kuma gyaran siyasa. Ya kasance cikin masu kira da a gudanar da taron ƙasa domin sake fasalin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. Ya shiga kwamitin da Sanata Femi Okurounmu ya jagoranta wajen shirya Taron Tsarin Mulki na 2014, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutukar tabbatar da adalci da daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da yankunan ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/only-citizens-can-produce-genuine-constitution/amp/ |title=Only citizens can produce genuine Constitution |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://reubenabati.com.ng/opinion/opinion-the-future-of-nigeria-and-africa-are-in-your-generation-s-hands-solomon-adun-asemota-san |title=The Future Of Nigeria And Africa Are In Your Generation’s Hands |website=Reuben Abati |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ==
A matsayinsa na lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, Asemota ya yi magana kan batutuwan tsaro, addini, mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da zaman lafiya a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin shugabannin National Christian Elders Forum (NCEF) kuma ya rubuta muƙalu da dama da ke tattauna matsalolin siyasa da zamantakewa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.inlandtown.com/a-list-of-notable-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-part-2/ |title=A List of Notable Senior Advocates of Nigeria: Part 2 |website=InlandTown |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/p/207009/it-is-wrong-to-equate-cattle-to-human-beings-asemota.html |title=It is wrong to equate cattle to human beings – Asemota |website=Tribune Online |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
Asemota ya samu yabo daga manyan mutane da cibiyoyi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkar shari’a da ci gaban Najeriya. A lokacin bikin cikarsa shekaru 80, gwamnan jihar Edo, Godwin Obaseki, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana shari’a da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar adalci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2017/12/30/obaseki-celebrates-asemota-at-80/ |title=Obaseki celebrates Asemota at 80 |website=THISDAYLIVE |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Thune</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1313628742|Thune Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2517" sha1="gn70ofl1amccbqoebejmd5ljcidgh4m" xml:space="preserve">Dam '''Dakin Thune''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Thune (Motloutse)|Kogin Thune]] a  wanda ake ginawa a shekarar 2012 kuma an buɗe shi a shekarar 2013. Yana da damar da aka tsara na 90,000,000  mita (3.2 cu . {{Sfn|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Dam din yana kan kogin Thune daga inda ya haɗu da Motloutse. Dam din yana cikin ƙasa mai laushi, kuma zai sami matsakaicin zurfin kimanin mita 15 (4 . Idan aka ba da zafi, yanayin bushe, asarar evaporation babbar damuwa ce. An yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban don rage irin wannan asarar amma an ƙi su. Dam din zai zama tsarin yumbu mai cike da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Uys|2011}} Zai kasance mita 33.6 (1  tsawo, tare da bango mai tsawon kilomita 1.7 (1.1  da kuma 90,000,000  mita (3.2 cu ft).{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

== Manufar ==
Dam din zai samar da ruwan sha ga ƙauyuka da yawa a yankin Bobirwa, da ruwan ban ruwa ga aikin noma kusa da Mathathane . {{Sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Da zarar an kammala, za a kawo ruwa zuwa ƙauyukan Bobonong, Motlhabaneng, Mathathane, Tsetsebjwe, Mabolwe, [[Semolale]], Gobojango, Lepokole da Molalatau.{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
An gudanar da bita na masu ruwa da tsaki a watan Satumbar 2009 a Gidan Makarantar Sakandare na Molalatau, inda Ministan ya ba da bayanai kuma ya amsa tambayoyi. Ya yi gargadin cewa, kodayake madatsar ruwan za ta kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, za a sami matsaloli yayin aikin gini kamar kwararar baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba, aikata laifuka da matsalolin jima'i kamar HIV / AIDS da ciki na matasa.{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

An ba da shafin madatsar ruwan ga dan kwangila, Zhon Gan Engineering and Construction, a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2010. {{Sfn|Kolantsho|2010}} Za a kammala aikin ne a watan Afrilun 2013. Za a iya jinkirta masana'antar tsabtace ruwa da bututun mai har zuwa 2014 saboda matsalolin kudi. A watan Yulin 2010 an ruwaito cewa aikin a wurin madatsar ruwan ya tsaya tun lokacin da aka kashe ma'aikaci wata daya da suka gabata. An fara share bishiyoyi a shafin don a gudanar da bincike, amma aikin ya kasance a bayan jadawalin.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2010}} An gudanar da bikin kaddamar da kasa a watan Satumbar 2010, wanda Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Ministan Ma'adanai, Makamashi da albarkatun ruwa ya halarta.{{Sfn|Tshukudu|2010}}

Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, madatsar ruwan Thune ta cika kashi 38% kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ce ta haifar da jinkiri, kuma akwai matsaloli tare da gina masauki da lasisi.{{Sfn|Pheage|2011}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Dam '''Dakin Thune''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Thune (Motloutse)|Kogin Thune]] a  wanda ake ginawa a shekarar 2012 kuma an buɗe shi a shekarar 2013. Yana da damar da aka tsara na 90,000,000  mita (3.2 cu . {{Sfn|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}}

== Bayyanawa ==
Dam din yana kan kogin Thune daga inda ya haɗu da Motloutse. Dam din yana cikin ƙasa mai laushi, kuma zai sami matsakaicin zurfin kimanin mita 15 (4 . Idan aka ba da zafi, yanayin bushe, asarar evaporation babbar damuwa ce. An yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban don rage irin wannan asarar amma an ƙi su. Dam din zai zama tsarin yumbu mai cike da ƙasa.{{Sfn|Uys|2011}} Zai kasance mita 33.6 (1  tsawo, tare da bango mai tsawon kilomita 1.7 (1.1  da kuma 90,000,000  mita (3.2 cu ft).{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

== Manufar ==
Dam din zai samar da ruwan sha ga ƙauyuka da yawa a yankin Bobirwa, da ruwan ban ruwa ga aikin noma kusa da Mathathane . {{Sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Da zarar an kammala, za a kawo ruwa zuwa ƙauyukan Bobonong, Motlhabaneng, Mathathane, Tsetsebjwe, Mabolwe, [[Semolale]], Gobojango, Lepokole da Molalatau.{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

== Gine-gine ==
An gudanar da bita na masu ruwa da tsaki a watan Satumbar 2009 a Gidan Makarantar Sakandare na Molalatau, inda Ministan ya ba da bayanai kuma ya amsa tambayoyi. Ya yi gargadin cewa, kodayake madatsar ruwan za ta kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, za a sami matsaloli yayin aikin gini kamar kwararar baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba, aikata laifuka da matsalolin jima'i kamar HIV / AIDS da ciki na matasa.{{Sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}}

An ba da shafin madatsar ruwan ga dan kwangila, Zhon Gan Engineering and Construction, a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2010. {{Sfn|Kolantsho|2010}} Za a kammala aikin ne a watan Afrilun 2013. Za a iya jinkirta masana'antar tsabtace ruwa da bututun mai har zuwa 2014 saboda matsalolin kudi. A watan Yulin 2010 an ruwaito cewa aikin a wurin madatsar ruwan ya tsaya tun lokacin da aka kashe ma'aikaci wata daya da suka gabata. An fara share bishiyoyi a shafin don a gudanar da bincike, amma aikin ya kasance a bayan jadawalin.{{Sfn|Modikwa|2010}} An gudanar da bikin kaddamar da kasa a watan Satumbar 2010, wanda Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Ministan Ma'adanai, Makamashi da albarkatun ruwa ya halarta.{{Sfn|Tshukudu|2010}}

Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, madatsar ruwan Thune ta cika kashi 38% kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ce ta haifar da jinkiri, kuma akwai matsaloli tare da gina masauki da lasisi.{{Sfn|Pheage|2011}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356566684|Port of Doraleh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh''' wani fadada ce ta [[tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti]], wacce take da lamba 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa mai amfani da yawa tana da tashoshi don sarrafa mai, manyan kaya, kwantena da dabbobi. Kamfanin DP World da China Merchants Holdings ne suka mallaki ta kuma suka sarrafa ta, har sai da gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace matatar kwantena a watan Fabrairun 2018.  &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Sansanin soja na farko na China a ƙasashen waje yana kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa ===
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh Multipurpose (DMP) tana da jimillar tashoshin jiragen ruwa 15 a kan manyan hanyoyi 4.&amp;nbsp;Tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon kilomita . Ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa an keɓe shi ne don amfani da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta China, wacce ke da sansani a gefen yamma na tashar jiragen ruwa.   Duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da hanyar shiga kai tsaye zuwa Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda ke ba wa Habasha hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa zuwa teku. 

Ana kiran tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar manyan ayyukan jigilar kaya a yankin, ciki har da: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* OCEAN Alliance Red Sea Express 2
* Layin Maersk na Kahon Afirka
* Layin Maersk MECL
* MSC Ostiraliya Express
* CMA CGM da Hapag-Lloyd EPIC1/IPAK
* CMA CGM Mona Express
* CMA CGM da kuma Emirates Swahili Express
* CMA CGM da COSCO India Gabas ta Tsakiyar Tekun Mediterranean Express
* Sabis na PIL na Tekun Ja
* Jirgin Ruwa na COSCO da Yang Ming Red Sea Express

==== tashar dabbobi ====
An ƙaddamar da tashar dabbobi ta Doraleh Multipurpose Port a watan Janairun 2021 tare da haɗin gwiwar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Horn Diplomat |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cibiyar za ta iya kula da dabbobi miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara, ko kuma raƙuma 1,000, shanu 500 da kuma akuya ko tumaki 4,270 a kowace rana. Tashar ta kuma haɗa da wuraren hutawa da ayyukan keɓewa ga dabbobin kafin a jigilar su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port |url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar kwantena ===
[[Fayil:The_container_terminal_at_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Tashar kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]]
Kamfanin jigilar kaya na Dubai DP World ne ya gina ''Kamfanin De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; wanda a da ake kira Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' a shekarar 2009 bayan da Djibouti ta amince da kwangilar shekaru 30 a shekarar 2006.    &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwantiragin yana ɗaya daga cikin wasu da DP World ta lashe a yankin, ciki har da wanda aka yi a Berbera, Somaliland. &lt;ref name=&quot;afpdhaka2&quot; /&gt;

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta SGTD tana da tsawon mita 1050 tare da zurfin mita 18 kuma tana iya ɗaukar TEU miliyan 1.25. Cibiyar kuma tana da cranes guda takwas na kwantena na Super-post-Panamax .  Tashar mai ta ENOC tana kusa da SGTD. &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStyan2016&quot;&gt;Styan, David (2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar ita ce mafi girman ma'aikaci a Djibouti kuma babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga. 

A watan Maris na 2011, Hukumar Tsaron Makamashin Nukiliya ta Amurka (NNSA) ta sanya kayan aikin gano hasken rana a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti, ciki har da tashar kwantena, wanda ke ba da damar duba kwantena na kaya don gano abubuwan nukiliya masu haɗari da sauran kayan rediyoaktif. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm |url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.legistorm.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan aikin wani ɓangare ne na aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin NNSA da Ma'aikatar Kayan Aiki da Sufuri ta Djibouti wanda aka fara a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, an bayyana SGTD a matsayin tashar kwantena mafi ci gaba a nahiyar Afirka. 

A shekarar 2016, kwantena 914,300 sun ratsa ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Djibouti Prepares for Mega Project Opening |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/djibouti_finishing_590_million_project |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=Porttechnology.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Rikicin Djibouti da DP World ====
A shekarar 2014, gwamnatin Djibouti ta zargi DP World da bayar da cin hanci ga shugaban hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, Abdourahman Boreh, kuma ta bayyana cewa kwangilar aiki ba ta dace ba.  Wata kotun kasuwanci ta Landan ta wanke Boreh daga aikata ba daidai ba a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na 2017, Djibouti ta zartar da doka da ta ba ta damar sake yin shawarwari kan kwangiloli da suka shafi kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani.  A watan Fabrairun 2018, bisa umarnin shugaban kasa Ismaïl Omar Guelleh,  gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace ginin ta kuma sanya shi karkashin ikon kamfanin Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company mallakar gwamnati, tana mai jayayya cewa kwangilar DP World ta keta ikon mallakar Djibouti.  A martanin da ta mayar, DP world ta fara wata sabuwar shari'a ta sulhu a Landan kan dakatar da kwangilar shekaru 30 ta kula da tashar jiragen ruwa, don samun &quot;diyya ga karya ko kwace musu kaya.&quot;  Gwamnatin Djibouti ta ce za ta shiga &quot;tsarin diyya na yau da kullun&quot; don biyan kudin kasa. 

An kafa wannan ƙasa ne yayin da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] ta faɗaɗa tasirinta a kewayen Tekun Ja da Gabashin Afirka.  A mahadar Tekun Ja da [[Tekun Aden]], kuma tana kusa da mashigar Bab el-Mandeb, Djibouti ta mamaye wani matsayi mai mahimmanci kuma tana karɓar sansanonin sojojin Amurka, Sin, Faransa da Italiya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;  A cewar Al-Jazeera, dangantaka tsakanin kamfanin da ke UAE da Djibouti ta yi tsami bayan da Djibouti ta hana UAE izinin gina sansanin soja a yankinta.  Bayan kwace tashar daga DP World, gwamnatin Djibouti ta bai wa China Merchants Ports Holdings (ta hanyar reshenta na China Merchants Group ) kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar, a cikin abin da wasu masu sharhi suka nuna &quot;zai iya wakiltar biyan bashin da ake bin China da kamfanonin gwamnati masu alaƙa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=China's Engagement in Djibouti |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf |website=Congressional Research Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, wata kotun da ke Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan ikirarin gwamnatin Djibouti na cewa yarjejeniyar DP World ba ta dace ba, kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta biya diyya ga DP World. 

A shekarar 2018, Babbar Kotun London ta haramta wa kamfanin tashar jiragen ruwa na gwamnatin Djibouti yin katsalandan ga harkokin gudanarwa na DCT. Kamar yadda hukuncin ya tanada, gwamnatin Djibouti &quot;ba za ta yi kamar an dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da DP World ba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture |url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/ |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, kotunan London guda bakwai ne suka yi nasara a shari'o'in shari'a, inda a watan Yulin wannan shekarar aka yanke hukunci &quot;wanda ya tabbatar da haramcin matakin Djibouti na dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da kuma mayar da hannun jarinta ga jihar.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani hukunci da aka yanke a baya a watan Janairun 2020 ya bukaci Djibouti ta biya diyya dala miliyan 533 ga DP World. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani bincike mai zaman kansa ya kiyasta asarar DP World ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1. A cewar DP World, Djibouti ta yi watsi da duk hukunce-hukuncen duk da cewa kwangilar farko ta rangwamen tana karkashin dokokin Ingila .  

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2022, DP World ta sake samun wani hukunci a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Hong Kong, wadda ta yi watsi da sabuwar bukatar da China Merchants Port Holdings ta gabatar. DP World da kamfanin hadin gwiwa na Doraleh Container Terminal suna gabatar da karar biliyoyin daloli kan China Merchants, suna zargin cewa hakan ya sa gwamnatin Djibouti ta kori DP World daga kasar ta kuma mika tashar Doraleh ga China Merchants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar mai ===
An tsara wannan matattarar mai ne don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa masu tsawon mita &lt;sup&gt;20.&lt;/sup&gt; Tana da ƙarfin adanawa na mita 370,000. Kamfanin Horizon Djibouti Terminal Limited (HDTL) ne ke kula da ita, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin babban mai taimakawa tattalin arziki a Djibouti. Tana son ƙirƙirar cibiyar samar da iskar gas ta gida don samar da hydrocarbons na yanki da na duniya. Djibouti, a gefen kudu na [[Red Sea|Tekun Bahar Maliya]], tana kan layin jigilar mai mai faɗi, kuma saboda haka tana ba da damar shiga kasuwannin wasu ƙasashe a yankin Afirka . &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙera tashar jiragen ruwa da farko don yin jigilar mai sau 12 a shekara, yanzu haka tashar jiragen ruwan ta cika da lodin mai sau 28 saboda yawan buƙatar mai daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda hakan ke tilasta wa jiragen ruwa su jira lokacin da za su isa teku. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Ethiopia's oil supply constrained by Djibouti logistics battle |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/23719/ethiopias-oil-supply-constrained-by-djibouti-logistics-battle/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ci gaba da aikin faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwan don ƙara ƙarin mita 100,000 na cubic mita zuwa mita 370,000 na yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356566684|Port of Doraleh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh''' wani fadada ce ta [[tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti]], wacce take da lamba 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa mai amfani da yawa tana da tashoshi don sarrafa mai, manyan kaya, kwantena da dabbobi. Kamfanin DP World da China Merchants Holdings ne suka mallaki ta kuma suka sarrafa ta, har sai da gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace matatar kwantena a watan Fabrairun 2018.  &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Sansanin soja na farko na China a ƙasashen waje yana kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa ===
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh Multipurpose (DMP) tana da jimillar tashoshin jiragen ruwa 15 a kan manyan hanyoyi 4.&amp;nbsp;Tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon kilomita . Ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa an keɓe shi ne don amfani da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta China, wacce ke da sansani a gefen yamma na tashar jiragen ruwa.   Duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da hanyar shiga kai tsaye zuwa Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda ke ba wa Habasha hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa zuwa teku. 

Ana kiran tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar manyan ayyukan jigilar kaya a yankin, ciki har da: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* OCEAN Alliance Red Sea Express 2
* Layin Maersk na Kahon Afirka
* Layin Maersk MECL
* MSC Ostiraliya Express
* CMA CGM da Hapag-Lloyd EPIC1/IPAK
* CMA CGM Mona Express
* CMA CGM da kuma Emirates Swahili Express
* CMA CGM da COSCO India Gabas ta Tsakiyar Tekun Mediterranean Express
* Sabis na PIL na Tekun Ja
* Jirgin Ruwa na COSCO da Yang Ming Red Sea Express

==== tashar dabbobi ====
An ƙaddamar da tashar dabbobi ta Doraleh Multipurpose Port a watan Janairun 2021 tare da haɗin gwiwar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Horn Diplomat |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cibiyar za ta iya kula da dabbobi miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara, ko kuma raƙuma 1,000, shanu 500 da kuma akuya ko tumaki 4,270 a kowace rana. Tashar ta kuma haɗa da wuraren hutawa da ayyukan keɓewa ga dabbobin kafin a jigilar su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port |url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar kwantena ===
[[Fayil:The_container_terminal_at_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Tashar kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]]
Kamfanin jigilar kaya na Dubai DP World ne ya gina ''Kamfanin De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; wanda a da ake kira Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' a shekarar 2009 bayan da Djibouti ta amince da kwangilar shekaru 30 a shekarar 2006.    &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwantiragin yana ɗaya daga cikin wasu da DP World ta lashe a yankin, ciki har da wanda aka yi a Berbera, Somaliland. &lt;ref name=&quot;afpdhaka2&quot; /&gt;

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta SGTD tana da tsawon mita 1050 tare da zurfin mita 18 kuma tana iya ɗaukar TEU miliyan 1.25. Cibiyar kuma tana da cranes guda takwas na kwantena na Super-post-Panamax .  Tashar mai ta ENOC tana kusa da SGTD. &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStyan2016&quot;&gt;Styan, David (2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar ita ce mafi girman ma'aikaci a Djibouti kuma babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga. 

A watan Maris na 2011, Hukumar Tsaron Makamashin Nukiliya ta Amurka (NNSA) ta sanya kayan aikin gano hasken rana a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti, ciki har da tashar kwantena, wanda ke ba da damar duba kwantena na kaya don gano abubuwan nukiliya masu haɗari da sauran kayan rediyoaktif. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm |url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.legistorm.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan aikin wani ɓangare ne na aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin NNSA da Ma'aikatar Kayan Aiki da Sufuri ta Djibouti wanda aka fara a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, an bayyana SGTD a matsayin tashar kwantena mafi ci gaba a nahiyar Afirka. 

A shekarar 2016, kwantena 914,300 sun ratsa ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Djibouti Prepares for Mega Project Opening |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/djibouti_finishing_590_million_project |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=Porttechnology.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Rikicin Djibouti da DP World ====
A shekarar 2014, gwamnatin Djibouti ta zargi DP World da bayar da cin hanci ga shugaban hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, Abdourahman Boreh, kuma ta bayyana cewa kwangilar aiki ba ta dace ba.  Wata kotun kasuwanci ta Landan ta wanke Boreh daga aikata ba daidai ba a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na 2017, Djibouti ta zartar da doka da ta ba ta damar sake yin shawarwari kan kwangiloli da suka shafi kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani.  A watan Fabrairun 2018, bisa umarnin shugaban kasa Ismaïl Omar Guelleh,  gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace ginin ta kuma sanya shi karkashin ikon kamfanin Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company mallakar gwamnati, tana mai jayayya cewa kwangilar DP World ta keta ikon mallakar Djibouti.  A martanin da ta mayar, DP world ta fara wata sabuwar shari'a ta sulhu a Landan kan dakatar da kwangilar shekaru 30 ta kula da tashar jiragen ruwa, don samun &quot;diyya ga karya ko kwace musu kaya.&quot;  Gwamnatin Djibouti ta ce za ta shiga &quot;tsarin diyya na yau da kullun&quot; don biyan kudin kasa. 

An kafa wannan ƙasa ne yayin da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] ta faɗaɗa tasirinta a kewayen Tekun Ja da Gabashin Afirka.  A mahadar Tekun Ja da [[Tekun Aden]], kuma tana kusa da mashigar Bab el-Mandeb, Djibouti ta mamaye wani matsayi mai mahimmanci kuma tana karɓar sansanonin sojojin Amurka, Sin, Faransa da Italiya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;  A cewar Al-Jazeera, dangantaka tsakanin kamfanin da ke UAE da Djibouti ta yi tsami bayan da Djibouti ta hana UAE izinin gina sansanin soja a yankinta.  Bayan kwace tashar daga DP World, gwamnatin Djibouti ta bai wa China Merchants Ports Holdings (ta hanyar reshenta na China Merchants Group ) kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar, a cikin abin da wasu masu sharhi suka nuna &quot;zai iya wakiltar biyan bashin da ake bin China da kamfanonin gwamnati masu alaƙa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=China's Engagement in Djibouti |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf |website=Congressional Research Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, wata kotun da ke Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan ikirarin gwamnatin Djibouti na cewa yarjejeniyar DP World ba ta dace ba, kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta biya diyya ga DP World. 

A shekarar 2018, Babbar Kotun London ta haramta wa kamfanin tashar jiragen ruwa na gwamnatin Djibouti yin katsalandan ga harkokin gudanarwa na DCT. Kamar yadda hukuncin ya tanada, gwamnatin Djibouti &quot;ba za ta yi kamar an dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da DP World ba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture |url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/ |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, kotunan London guda bakwai ne suka yi nasara a shari'o'in shari'a, inda a watan Yulin wannan shekarar aka yanke hukunci &quot;wanda ya tabbatar da haramcin matakin Djibouti na dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da kuma mayar da hannun jarinta ga jihar.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani hukunci da aka yanke a baya a watan Janairun 2020 ya bukaci Djibouti ta biya diyya dala miliyan 533 ga DP World. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani bincike mai zaman kansa ya kiyasta asarar DP World ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1. A cewar DP World, Djibouti ta yi watsi da duk hukunce-hukuncen duk da cewa kwangilar farko ta rangwamen tana karkashin dokokin Ingila .  

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2022, DP World ta sake samun wani hukunci a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Hong Kong, wadda ta yi watsi da sabuwar bukatar da China Merchants Port Holdings ta gabatar. DP World da kamfanin hadin gwiwa na Doraleh Container Terminal suna gabatar da karar biliyoyin daloli kan China Merchants, suna zargin cewa hakan ya sa gwamnatin Djibouti ta kori DP World daga kasar ta kuma mika tashar Doraleh ga China Merchants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar mai ===
An tsara wannan matattarar mai ne don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa masu tsawon mita &lt;sup&gt;20.&lt;/sup&gt; Tana da ƙarfin adanawa na mita 370,000. Kamfanin Horizon Djibouti Terminal Limited (HDTL) ne ke kula da ita, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin babban mai taimakawa tattalin arziki a Djibouti. Tana son ƙirƙirar cibiyar samar da iskar gas ta gida don samar da hydrocarbons na yanki da na duniya. Djibouti, a gefen kudu na [[Red Sea|Tekun Bahar Maliya]], tana kan layin jigilar mai mai faɗi, kuma saboda haka tana ba da damar shiga kasuwannin wasu ƙasashe a yankin Afirka . &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙera tashar jiragen ruwa da farko don yin jigilar mai sau 12 a shekara, yanzu haka tashar jiragen ruwan ta cika da lodin mai sau 28 saboda yawan buƙatar mai daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda hakan ke tilasta wa jiragen ruwa su jira lokacin da za su isa teku. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Ethiopia's oil supply constrained by Djibouti logistics battle |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/23719/ethiopias-oil-supply-constrained-by-djibouti-logistics-battle/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ci gaba da aikin faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwan don ƙara ƙarin mita 100,000 na cubic mita zuwa mita 370,000 na yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>844766</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:53:03Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844766</origin>
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      <text bytes="12985" sha1="0mpoy6796i58zxr68f9321mzrz03loa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh''' wani fadada ce ta [[tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti]], wacce take da lamba 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da [[Jibuti (birni)|birnin Djibouti]] . Tashar jiragen ruwa mai amfani da yawa tana da tashoshi don sarrafa mai, manyan kaya, kwantena da dabbobi. Kamfanin DP World da China Merchants Holdings ne suka mallaki ta kuma suka sarrafa ta, har sai da gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace matatar kwantena a watan Fabrairun 2018.  &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Sansanin soja na farko na China a ƙasashen waje yana kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=China's Strategy in Djibouti: Mixing Commercial and Military Interests |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/chinas-strategy-djibouti-mixing-commercial-and-military-interests |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

=== Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh mai amfani da yawa ===
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh Multipurpose (DMP) tana da jimillar tashoshin jiragen ruwa 15 a kan manyan hanyoyi 4.&amp;nbsp;Tashar jiragen ruwa mai tsawon kilomita . Ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa an keɓe shi ne don amfani da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta China, wacce ke da sansani a gefen yamma na tashar jiragen ruwa.   Duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da hanyar shiga kai tsaye zuwa Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Addis Ababa-Djibouti, wanda ke ba wa Habasha hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa zuwa teku. 

Ana kiran tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar manyan ayyukan jigilar kaya a yankin, ciki har da: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Djibouti government seizes container terminal |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/djibouti-government-seizes-container-terminal |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* OCEAN Alliance Red Sea Express 2
* Layin Maersk na Kahon Afirka
* Layin Maersk MECL
* MSC Ostiraliya Express
* CMA CGM da Hapag-Lloyd EPIC1/IPAK
* CMA CGM Mona Express
* CMA CGM da kuma Emirates Swahili Express
* CMA CGM da COSCO India Gabas ta Tsakiyar Tekun Mediterranean Express
* Sabis na PIL na Tekun Ja
* Jirgin Ruwa na COSCO da Yang Ming Red Sea Express

==== tashar dabbobi ====
An ƙaddamar da tashar dabbobi ta Doraleh Multipurpose Port a watan Janairun 2021 tare da haɗin gwiwar Habasha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Ethiopia, Djibouti inaugurate Doraleh-Multipurpose Port livestock terminal |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2021/01/17/ethiopia-djibouti-inaugurate-doraleh-multipurpose-port-livestock-terminal/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Horn Diplomat |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cibiyar za ta iya kula da dabbobi miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara, ko kuma raƙuma 1,000, shanu 500 da kuma akuya ko tumaki 4,270 a kowace rana. Tashar ta kuma haɗa da wuraren hutawa da ayyukan keɓewa ga dabbobin kafin a jigilar su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Djibouti partners with Ethiopia in opening livestock exclusive terminal at Doraleh Multipurpose Port |url=https://www.foodbusinessafrica.com/djibouti-partners-with-ethiopia-in-opening-livestock-exclusive-terminal-at-doraleh-multipurpose-port/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.foodbusinessafrica.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar kwantena ===
[[Fayil:The_container_terminal_at_the_Port_of_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Tashar kwantena a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Djibouti.]]
Kamfanin jigilar kaya na Dubai DP World ne ya gina ''Kamfanin De Gestion Du Terminal A Conteneur De Doraleh (SGTD; wanda a da ake kira Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT))'' a shekarar 2009 bayan da Djibouti ta amince da kwangilar shekaru 30 a shekarar 2006.    &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwantiragin yana ɗaya daga cikin wasu da DP World ta lashe a yankin, ciki har da wanda aka yi a Berbera, Somaliland. &lt;ref name=&quot;afpdhaka2&quot; /&gt;

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta SGTD tana da tsawon mita 1050 tare da zurfin mita 18 kuma tana iya ɗaukar TEU miliyan 1.25. Cibiyar kuma tana da cranes guda takwas na kwantena na Super-post-Panamax .  Tashar mai ta ENOC tana kusa da SGTD. &lt;ref name=&quot;styan&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Styan |first=David |date=2016 |title=Djibouti: small state strategy at a crossroads |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/14979/1/Djibouti-TWT-BirOn-ver%20of%20090216.pdf |journal=Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=79–91 |doi=10.1080/23802014.2016.1175316 |s2cid=133045969}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStyan2016&quot;&gt;Styan, David (2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar ita ce mafi girman ma'aikaci a Djibouti kuma babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga. 

A watan Maris na 2011, Hukumar Tsaron Makamashin Nukiliya ta Amurka (NNSA) ta sanya kayan aikin gano hasken rana a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Djibouti, ciki har da tashar kwantena, wanda ke ba da damar duba kwantena na kaya don gano abubuwan nukiliya masu haɗari da sauran kayan rediyoaktif. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=U.S., Djibouti Commission Radiation Detection Equipment at the Port of Djibouti - National Nuclear Security Administration Press release {{!}} LegiStorm |url=https://www.legistorm.com/stormfeed/view_rss/964778/organization/91705/title/us-djibouti-commission-radiation-detection-equipment-at-the-port-of-djibouti-national-nuclear-security-administration-press-release-legistorm.html |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.legistorm.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan aikin wani ɓangare ne na aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin NNSA da Ma'aikatar Kayan Aiki da Sufuri ta Djibouti wanda aka fara a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, an bayyana SGTD a matsayin tashar kwantena mafi ci gaba a nahiyar Afirka. 

A shekarar 2016, kwantena 914,300 sun ratsa ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Doraleh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Djibouti Prepares for Mega Project Opening |url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/djibouti_finishing_590_million_project |access-date=6 December 2018 |website=Porttechnology.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Rikicin Djibouti da DP World ====
A shekarar 2014, gwamnatin Djibouti ta zargi DP World da bayar da cin hanci ga shugaban hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, Abdourahman Boreh, kuma ta bayyana cewa kwangilar aiki ba ta dace ba.  Wata kotun kasuwanci ta Landan ta wanke Boreh daga aikata ba daidai ba a shekarar 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na 2017, Djibouti ta zartar da doka da ta ba ta damar sake yin shawarwari kan kwangiloli da suka shafi kayayyakin more rayuwa na zamani.  A watan Fabrairun 2018, bisa umarnin shugaban kasa Ismaïl Omar Guelleh,  gwamnatin Djibouti ta kwace ginin ta kuma sanya shi karkashin ikon kamfanin Doraleh Container Terminal Management Company mallakar gwamnati, tana mai jayayya cewa kwangilar DP World ta keta ikon mallakar Djibouti.  A martanin da ta mayar, DP world ta fara wata sabuwar shari'a ta sulhu a Landan kan dakatar da kwangilar shekaru 30 ta kula da tashar jiragen ruwa, don samun &quot;diyya ga karya ko kwace musu kaya.&quot;  Gwamnatin Djibouti ta ce za ta shiga &quot;tsarin diyya na yau da kullun&quot; don biyan kudin kasa. 

An kafa wannan ƙasa ne yayin da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] ta faɗaɗa tasirinta a kewayen Tekun Ja da Gabashin Afirka.  A mahadar Tekun Ja da [[Tekun Aden]], kuma tana kusa da mashigar Bab el-Mandeb, Djibouti ta mamaye wani matsayi mai mahimmanci kuma tana karɓar sansanonin sojojin Amurka, Sin, Faransa da Italiya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;apgambrell2&quot; /&gt;  A cewar Al-Jazeera, dangantaka tsakanin kamfanin da ke UAE da Djibouti ta yi tsami bayan da Djibouti ta hana UAE izinin gina sansanin soja a yankinta.  Bayan kwace tashar daga DP World, gwamnatin Djibouti ta bai wa China Merchants Ports Holdings (ta hanyar reshenta na China Merchants Group ) kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hannun jarin tashar, a cikin abin da wasu masu sharhi suka nuna &quot;zai iya wakiltar biyan bashin da ake bin China da kamfanonin gwamnati masu alaƙa.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=China's Engagement in Djibouti |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF11304.pdf |website=Congressional Research Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017, wata kotun da ke Kotun Sasantawa ta Duniya ta Landan ta yanke hukunci kan ikirarin gwamnatin Djibouti na cewa yarjejeniyar DP World ba ta dace ba, kuma ta umarci gwamnati da ta biya diyya ga DP World. 

A shekarar 2018, Babbar Kotun London ta haramta wa kamfanin tashar jiragen ruwa na gwamnatin Djibouti yin katsalandan ga harkokin gudanarwa na DCT. Kamar yadda hukuncin ya tanada, gwamnatin Djibouti &quot;ba za ta yi kamar an dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da DP World ba&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=English High Court continues restraint against Djibouti Port Company over shares in Joint Venture |url=http://venturesafrica.com/apostories/english-high-court-continues-restraint-against-djibouti-port-company-over-shares-in-joint-venture/ |access-date= |website=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, kotunan London guda bakwai ne suka yi nasara a shari'o'in shari'a, inda a watan Yulin wannan shekarar aka yanke hukunci &quot;wanda ya tabbatar da haramcin matakin Djibouti na dakatar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da kuma mayar da hannun jarinta ga jihar.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Djibouti terminal dispute: Court rules in favor of DP World |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/djibouti-terminal-dispute-court-rules-in-favor-of-dp-world/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani hukunci da aka yanke a baya a watan Janairun 2020 ya bukaci Djibouti ta biya diyya dala miliyan 533 ga DP World. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dudley |first=Dominic |title=Djibouti Ordered To Pay $533M In Compensation In Container Terminal Dispute With Dubai |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2019/04/04/djibouti-ordered-to-pay-533m-in-compensation-in-container-terminal-dispute-with-dubai/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani bincike mai zaman kansa ya kiyasta asarar DP World ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1. A cewar DP World, Djibouti ta yi watsi da duk hukunce-hukuncen duk da cewa kwangilar farko ta rangwamen tana karkashin dokokin Ingila .  

A watan Satumba na shekarar 2022, DP World ta sake samun wani hukunci a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Hong Kong, wadda ta yi watsi da sabuwar bukatar da China Merchants Port Holdings ta gabatar. DP World da kamfanin hadin gwiwa na Doraleh Container Terminal suna gabatar da karar biliyoyin daloli kan China Merchants, suna zargin cewa hakan ya sa gwamnatin Djibouti ta kori DP World daga kasar ta kuma mika tashar Doraleh ga China Merchants. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=DP World wins latest judgement in Hong Kong Court over Djibouti concession |url=https://www.dpworld.com/news/releases/dp-world-wins-latest-judgement-over-djibouti-concession/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=DP World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tashar mai ===
An tsara wannan matattarar mai ne don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa masu tsawon mita &lt;sup&gt;20.&lt;/sup&gt; Tana da ƙarfin adanawa na mita 370,000. Kamfanin Horizon Djibouti Terminal Limited (HDTL) ne ke kula da ita, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin babban mai taimakawa tattalin arziki a Djibouti. Tana son ƙirƙirar cibiyar samar da iskar gas ta gida don samar da hydrocarbons na yanki da na duniya. Djibouti, a gefen kudu na [[Red Sea|Tekun Bahar Maliya]], tana kan layin jigilar mai mai faɗi, kuma saboda haka tana ba da damar shiga kasuwannin wasu ƙasashe a yankin Afirka . &lt;ref name=&quot;DP-World&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DP World – Doraleh |title=DP World – Doraleh |url=http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512023625/http://www.dpworld-doraleh.com/ |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |publisher=DP World – Doraleh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙera tashar jiragen ruwa da farko don yin jigilar mai sau 12 a shekara, yanzu haka tashar jiragen ruwan ta cika da lodin mai sau 28 saboda yawan buƙatar mai daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]], wanda hakan ke tilasta wa jiragen ruwa su jira lokacin da za su isa teku. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Ethiopia's oil supply constrained by Djibouti logistics battle |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/23719/ethiopias-oil-supply-constrained-by-djibouti-logistics-battle/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana ci gaba da aikin faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwan don ƙara ƙarin mita 100,000 na cubic mita zuwa mita 370,000 na yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Modder</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308750055|Modder River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Modder''' kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana da wani ɓangare na kogin Riet  wanda ke cikin iyakar da ke tsakanin lardunan Arewacin Cape da Free State. Gaɓar kogin sun kasance wuraren da aka yi faɗa mai tsanani a farkon Yaƙin Boer na Biyu a Yaƙin Kogin Modder.

Akwai wani wurin noma da ake zaune a ciki mai suna &quot;Modder River&quot; a arewacin mahaɗar da ke tsakanin wannan kogin da Riet.  &lt;ref&gt;''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-77007-751-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana amfani da Kogin Modder sosai wajen ban ruwa, ciki har da madatsar ruwa ta Krugersdrift kusa da [[Bloemfontein]].

== Duba kuma ==

* Yaƙin Kogin Modder
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_modder_river.html Yaƙin Modder River, 28 Nuwamba 1899]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:57:28Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Modder''' kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da wani ɓangare na kogin Riet  wanda ke cikin iyakar da ke tsakanin lardunan Arewacin Cape da Free State. Gaɓar kogin sun kasance wuraren da aka yi faɗa mai tsanani a farkon Yaƙin Boer na Biyu a Yaƙin Kogin Modder.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai wani wurin noma da ake zaune a ciki mai suna &quot;Modder River&quot; a arewacin mahaɗar da ke tsakanin wannan kogin da Riet.&lt;ref&gt;''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-77007-751-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana amfani da Kogin Modder sosai wajen ban ruwa, ciki har da madatsar ruwa ta Krugersdrift kusa da [[Bloemfontein]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://plak.co.za/moreinfo.php?id=19564 Modder River - Description]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-77007-751-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Yaƙin Kogin Modder
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_modder_river.html Yaƙin Modder River, 28 Nuwamba 1899]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:57:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Modder''' kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da wani ɓangare na kogin Riet  wanda ke cikin iyakar da ke tsakanin lardunan Arewacin Cape da Free State. Gaɓar kogin sun kasance wuraren da aka yi faɗa mai tsanani a farkon Yaƙin Boer na Biyu a Yaƙin Kogin Modder.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai wani wurin noma da ake zaune a ciki mai suna &quot;Modder River&quot; a arewacin mahaɗar da ke tsakanin wannan kogin da Riet.&lt;ref&gt;''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-77007-751-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ana amfani da Kogin Modder sosai wajen ban ruwa, ciki har da madatsar ruwa ta Krugersdrift kusa da [[Bloemfontein]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://plak.co.za/moreinfo.php?id=19564 Modder River - Description]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-77007-751-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Yaƙin Kogin Modder
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_modder_river.html Yaƙin Modder River, 28 Nuwamba 1899]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2024 Kenya da Tanzania</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T18:55:07Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342859200|2024 Kenya–Tanzania floods]]&quot;</comment>
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Daga ranar 18 ga Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu 2024, ambaliyar ruwa ta afkawa [[Kenya]], inda ta shafi mutane a gundumomi 33 daga cikin 47,  yayin da kuma ta yi barna a arewacin Tanzania.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a Gabashin Afirka shine Dipole na Tekun Indiya (IOD). A lokacin da yake da kyau, ruwan da ke yammacin Tekun Indiya yana da ɗumi fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda zai iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa ba tare da la'akari da El Niño ba. Duk da haka, idan duka IOD mai kyau da El Niño suka faru a lokaci guda, ruwan sama a Gabashin Afirka na iya zama mai tsanani.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=El Niño floods worsen humanitarian needs in Kenya - Kenya {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/el-nino-floods-worsen-humanitarian-needs-kenya |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
[[Fayil:ECDM_20240507_Eastern_Africa.pdf|thumb|Wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa a Gabashin Afirka a watan Afrilun 2024, Cibiyar Daidaito Gaggawa ta EU (ERCC)]]

=== Kenya ===
[[Fayil:Sea_Marshland.jpg|thumb|Bishiya da ta faɗi bayan ambaliyar ruwa a Kenya]]
Babban birnin [[Nairobi]] da yankunan da ke kewaye sun fi shan wahala.  [[Kogin Nairobi]] da [[Kogin Athi (birni)|Kogin Athi]] duk sun fashe a gabar tekunsu, inda suka kori mutane 40,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devastating flooding in east Africa claims dozens of lives and displaces thousands |url=https://news.sky.com/story/devastating-flooding-in-east-africa-claims-dozens-of-lives-and-displaces-thousands-13122189 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Sky News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ruwaito akalla mutane 300 sun mutu, 188 sun jikkata, 75 sun bace, sannan an ceto mutane 300,000 da suka rasa matsugunansu.    [    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madowo |first=Larry |date=2024-04-26 |title=Kenya floods leave 70 dead as truck is swept away in deluge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/26/africa/kenya-flooding-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing across much of the country as of April 24 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/04/kenya-disruptions-due-to-flooding-ongoing-across-much-of-the-country-as-of-april-24 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Crisis24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Daidaito kan Agajin Jin Kai ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa akalla dabbobi 960 da gonaki 24,000 sun ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Kenya: Heavy Rains and Flooding Update - Flash Update #2 (19 April 2024) - Kenya |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/kenya-heavy-rains-and-flooding-update-flash-update-2-19-april-2024 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Da safiyar ranar 29 ga Afrilu, wani shingen layin dogo ya lalace kusa da Mai Mahiu, inda ambaliyar ruwa ta kashe ƙarin mutane 61  yayin da wasu 84 suka ɓace.

An kuma hana sake buɗe makarantu a Kenya a zango na biyu har sai an sake sanar da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruto postpones school reopening indefinitely due to flooding |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/ruto-postpones-school-reopening-indefinitely-due-to-flooding-4611828 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.nation.africa |publisher=NATION}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tanzaniya ===
[[Fayil:2024_Tanzania_Flood.jpg|thumb|
{{Center|[[Rufiji River]] and Satellite imagery of flooding along its deltaic shores&lt;br&gt;
29 April 2024&lt;small&gt;（top）&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5 May 2023&lt;small&gt;（bottom）&lt;/small&gt;}}]]
Ambaliyar ruwa a arewacin [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ta kashe mutane 161, ta raunata wasu 250, ta lalata gidaje sama da 10,000, sannan ta shafi mutane 210,000 a cikin gidaje 51,000.  

== Bayan haka ==

=== Kenya ===
An nemi mazauna yankin su koma wurare masu tsayi domin kare lafiyarsu. Za a mayar da mutanen da ke zaune a wurare masu haɗari a faɗin ƙasar zuwa filayen da Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Ƙasa ta samar. An tattara sojoji da gwamnatin ƙasa don yin aiki tare da gundumomi don tallafawa waɗanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali. Gundumar Kiambu ta sanar da matakan rage matsalar, gami da duba gine-gine. 

A farkon watan Mayu, gwamnatin Kenya ta umarci mutanen da ke zaune kusa da madatsun ruwa 178 da su ƙaura. Ma'aikatar ta kafa matsugunan wucin gadi, abinci da abubuwan more rayuwa ga waɗanda aka kora. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya floods: Mass evacuations ordered ahead of cyclone |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c72plp66g5no |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba [[William Ruto]] ya ayyana ranar hutu a ranar 10 ga Mayu domin nuna alhinin waɗanda ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya declares public holiday to mourn flood victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Daga ranar 18 ga Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu 2024, ambaliyar ruwa ta afkawa [[Kenya]], inda ta shafi mutane a gundumomi 33 daga cikin 47,  yayin da kuma ta yi barna a arewacin Tanzania.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a Gabashin Afirka shine Dipole na Tekun Indiya (IOD). A lokacin da yake da kyau, ruwan da ke yammacin Tekun Indiya yana da ɗumi fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda zai iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa ba tare da la'akari da El Niño ba. Duk da haka, idan duka IOD mai kyau da El Niño suka faru a lokaci guda, ruwan sama a Gabashin Afirka na iya zama mai tsanani.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=El Niño floods worsen humanitarian needs in Kenya - Kenya {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/el-nino-floods-worsen-humanitarian-needs-kenya |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
[[Fayil:ECDM_20240507_Eastern_Africa.pdf|thumb|Wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa a Gabashin Afirka a watan Afrilun 2024, Cibiyar Daidaito Gaggawa ta EU (ERCC)]]

=== Kenya ===
[[Fayil:Sea_Marshland.jpg|thumb|Bishiya da ta faɗi bayan ambaliyar ruwa a Kenya]]
Babban birnin [[Nairobi]] da yankunan da ke kewaye sun fi shan wahala.  [[Kogin Nairobi]] da [[Kogin Athi (birni)|Kogin Athi]] duk sun fashe a gabar tekunsu, inda suka kori mutane 40,000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devastating flooding in east Africa claims dozens of lives and displaces thousands |url=https://news.sky.com/story/devastating-flooding-in-east-africa-claims-dozens-of-lives-and-displaces-thousands-13122189 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Sky News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ruwaito akalla mutane 300 sun mutu, 188 sun jikkata, 75 sun bace, sannan an ceto mutane 300,000 da suka rasa matsugunansu.    [    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madowo |first=Larry |date=2024-04-26 |title=Kenya floods leave 70 dead as truck is swept away in deluge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/26/africa/kenya-flooding-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing across much of the country as of April 24 |url=https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2024/04/kenya-disruptions-due-to-flooding-ongoing-across-much-of-the-country-as-of-april-24 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Crisis24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Daidaito kan Agajin Jin Kai ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa akalla dabbobi 960 da gonaki 24,000 sun ambaliyar ruwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Kenya: Heavy Rains and Flooding Update - Flash Update #2 (19 April 2024) - Kenya |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/kenya-heavy-rains-and-flooding-update-flash-update-2-19-april-2024 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Da safiyar ranar 29 ga Afrilu, wani shingen layin dogo ya lalace kusa da Mai Mahiu, inda ambaliyar ruwa ta kashe ƙarin mutane 61  yayin da wasu 84 suka ɓace.

An kuma hana sake buɗe makarantu a Kenya a zango na biyu har sai an sake sanar da su. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ruto postpones school reopening indefinitely due to flooding |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/ruto-postpones-school-reopening-indefinitely-due-to-flooding-4611828 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.nation.africa |publisher=NATION}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tanzaniya ===
[[Fayil:2024_Tanzania_Flood.jpg|thumb|
{{Center|[[Rufiji River]] and Satellite imagery of flooding along its deltaic shores&lt;br&gt;
29 April 2024&lt;small&gt;（top）&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
5 May 2023&lt;small&gt;（bottom）&lt;/small&gt;}}]]
Ambaliyar ruwa a arewacin [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ta kashe mutane 161, ta raunata wasu 250, ta lalata gidaje sama da 10,000, sannan ta shafi mutane 210,000 a cikin gidaje 51,000.  

== Bayan haka ==

=== Kenya ===
An nemi mazauna yankin su koma wurare masu tsayi domin kare lafiyarsu. Za a mayar da mutanen da ke zaune a wurare masu haɗari a faɗin ƙasar zuwa filayen da Hukumar Kula da Matasa ta Ƙasa ta samar. An tattara sojoji da gwamnatin ƙasa don yin aiki tare da gundumomi don tallafawa waɗanda ke cikin mawuyacin hali. Gundumar Kiambu ta sanar da matakan rage matsalar, gami da duba gine-gine. 

A farkon watan Mayu, gwamnatin Kenya ta umarci mutanen da ke zaune kusa da madatsun ruwa 178 da su ƙaura. Ma'aikatar ta kafa matsugunan wucin gadi, abinci da abubuwan more rayuwa ga waɗanda aka kora. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya floods: Mass evacuations ordered ahead of cyclone |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c72plp66g5no |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaba [[William Ruto]] ya ayyana ranar hutu a ranar 10 ga Mayu domin nuna alhinin waɗanda ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kenya declares public holiday to mourn flood victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Francis Edo-Osagie</title>
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        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Francis Edo-Osagie | birth_date = 1914 | death_date = 1993 | birth_place = Benin City, Edo State, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa | known_for = Kasuwancin itace da fitar da kayayyakin gandun daji zuwa ƙasashen waje }}  '''Francis Edo-Osagie''' (1914–1993) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne daga Najeriya wanda ya fito daga Benin City a jihar Edo. Ya kasance cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwar Najeriya na ƙarni na ashirin, musamman a h...</comment>
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| name = Francis Edo-Osagie
| birth_date = 1914
| death_date = 1993
| birth_place = Benin City, Edo State, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa
| known_for = Kasuwancin itace da fitar da kayayyakin gandun daji zuwa ƙasashen waje
}}

'''Francis Edo-Osagie''' (1914–1993) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne daga Najeriya wanda ya fito daga Benin City a jihar Edo. Ya kasance cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwar Najeriya na ƙarni na ashirin, musamman a harkar kasuwancin itace da kayayyakin gandun daji. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa kasuwancin 'yan Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun 'yancin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Forrest |first=Tom |title=The Advance of African Capital: The Growth of Nigerian Private Enterprise |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Francis Edo-Osagie a shekara ta 1914 a Benin City. Ya fito daga sanannen gidan Osagie-Oloke, iyali da suka kasance masu tasiri a tarihin masarautar Benin. Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a sashen gandun daji na gwamnatin mulkin mallaka kafin daga baya ya koma aikin noma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://dokumen.pub/the-advance-of-african-capital-the-growth-of-nigerian-private-enterprise-9781474496889.html |title=The Advance of African Capital: The Growth of Nigerian Private Enterprise |publisher=Dokumen Publishing Archive |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Edo-Osagie ya fara karatunsa a Baptist Primary School da ke Benin City. Daga baya ya halarci makarantu a Ifon da Sapele kafin ya shiga Baptist High School, Ibadan. A lokacin karatunsa ya kuma yi nazarin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kasuwanci ta hanyar kwasa-kwasan wasiƙa daga wata cibiyar ilimi ta Birtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://dokumen.pub/the-advance-of-african-capital-the-growth-of-nigerian-private-enterprise-9781474496889.html |title=The Advance of African Capital: The Growth of Nigerian Private Enterprise |publisher=Dokumen Publishing Archive |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kasuwanci ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Francis Edo-Osagie ya yi ayyuka daban-daban kamar magatakardan sufuri, wakilin tallace-tallace, da kuma mai kula da lissafin kuɗi. A lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin akanta ne ya fahimci irin damar da ke cikin kasuwancin itace, musamman a yankunan kudancin Najeriya masu yalwar gandun daji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.biographies.net/people/en/francis_edo_osagie |title=Francis Edo-Osagie Biography |publisher=Biographies.net |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya shiga haɗin gwiwa da wasu abokan kasuwanci domin gudanar da harkar sare da fitar da itace, amma wannan yunƙurin bai yi nasara sosai ba saboda faɗuwar farashin itace a kasuwannin duniya. Bayan rushewar haɗin gwiwar, ya kafa kamfaninsa mai suna '''Osagie &amp; Sons'''. Kamfanin ya mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin itace da fitar da shi zuwa Turai da Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Edo-Osagie |title=Francis Edo-Osagie |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ruwaito cewa ya samu gagarumar nasara bayan gano hanyar amfani da wasu bishiyoyi da kwari suka lalata ɓangarensu na waje, amma ainihin itacen na ciki yana nan cikin inganci. Wannan ya ba shi damar fadada harkar fitar da itace zuwa kasuwannin ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Edo-Osagie |title=Francis Edo-Osagie |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayinsa a al'umma ==
Baya ga harkokin kasuwanci, Francis Edo-Osagie ya kasance jagoran al'umma a yankin Edo. An san shi da shiga tsakani a rikice-rikicen da suka shafi kamfanonin mai, ma'aikatansu da kuma al'ummomin da suke gudanar da ayyukansu. Wannan ya sa ya zama mutum mai tasiri wajen warware matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a yankinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Edo-Osagie |title=Francis Edo-Osagie |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gadon tarihi ==
Masana tarihi da tattalin arziki suna ɗaukar Francis Edo-Osagie a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa mallakar kamfanoni da jarin cikin gida a ƙasar. An ambace shi cikin bincike da littattafai da dama da suka tattauna ci gaban kasuwancin 'yan Afirka a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Forrest |first=Tom |title=The Advance of African Capital: The Growth of Nigerian Private Enterprise |publisher=University Press of Virginia |year=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Benin City]]
* [[Tarihin tattalin arzikin Najeriya]]
* [[List of Nigerian entrepreneurs]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Benin City]]
[[Category:Edo people]]
[[Category:20th-century Nigerian businesspeople]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thomas Etuh</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Thomas Akoh Etuh | image =  | birth_date =  | birth_place = Zaria, Kaduna State, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai zuba jari, shugaban kamfanoni | known_for = TAK Group, TAK Agro, harkokin taki, banki da sadarwa }}  '''Thomas Akoh Etuh''' fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai zuba jari daga Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da harkokin noma, samar da taki, banki, sadarwa, sufurin jiragen sama...</comment>
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| name = Thomas Akoh Etuh
| image = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Zaria, Kaduna State, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai zuba jari, shugaban kamfanoni
| known_for = TAK Group, TAK Agro, harkokin taki, banki da sadarwa
}}

'''Thomas Akoh Etuh''' fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai zuba jari daga Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da harkokin noma, samar da taki, banki, sadarwa, sufurin jiragen sama da sarrafa kadarori. Shi ne wanda ya kafa '''TAK Group''' da kuma '''TAK Agro''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin taki a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/from-fertiliser-to-telecoms-via-pepper-10-things-to-know-about-thomas-etuh/ |title=From fertiliser to telecoms via pepper: 10 things to know about Thomas Etuh |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/business-person-of-the-year-2025-thomas-etuh-building-prosperity-from-the-soil-up/ |title=Business Person Of The Year 2025: Thomas Etuh: Building Prosperity From The Soil Up |website=Leadership Newspaper |date=2025-05-26 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Thomas Etuh a garin Zaria da ke jihar Kaduna a Najeriya. Ya yi karatun Diploma a fannin Banki a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zaria. Daga baya ya samu Advanced Diploma a Public Administration daga Jami'ar Jos da kuma Postgraduate Diploma in Management daga Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da ke Bauchi. Haka kuma ya kammala karatun MBA daga Business School Netherlands tare da halartar manyan shirye-shiryen horaswa a Lagos Business School da London Business School.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://notore.com/about-notore/board-of-directors/mr-thomas-etuh/ |title=Mr. Thomas Etuh |publisher=Notore Chemical Industries Plc |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon harkokin kasuwanci ==
Etuh ya fara harkokin kasuwanci ne a shekarun 1980 ta hanyar saye da sayar da amfanin gona a arewacin Najeriya. Ya yi cinikin kayan noma irin su barkono, hatsi, man-ja da sauran kayayyaki. A wani lokaci ya yi yunƙurin fitar da barkono zuwa Birtaniya, inda ya fuskanci asara da dama kafin daga bisani ya samu nasara a kasuwancin fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/from-fertiliser-to-telecoms-via-pepper-10-things-to-know-about-thomas-etuh/ |title=From fertiliser to telecoms via pepper: 10 things to know about Thomas Etuh |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== TAK Group da harkokin taki ==
A shekarar 1988, Etuh ya shiga harkar taki bayan ya sayi kaso a wani kamfanin samar da taki. Daga baya ya mallaki kamfanin gaba ɗaya tare da faɗaɗa kasuwancin zuwa manyan masana'antun taki da dama. Kamfaninsa na '''TAK Agro''' ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu haɗawa da rarraba taki a Najeriya da Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/from-fertiliser-to-telecoms-via-pepper-10-things-to-know-about-thomas-etuh/ |title=From fertiliser to telecoms via pepper: 10 things to know about Thomas Etuh |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da '''Presidential Fertilizer Initiative (PFI)''' a lokacin gwamnatin Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari, wani shiri da ya taimaka wajen rage farashin taki da ƙara yawan masana'antun haɗa taki a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/business-person-of-the-year-2025-thomas-etuh-building-prosperity-from-the-soil-up/ |title=Business Person Of The Year 2025: Thomas Etuh: Building Prosperity From The Soil Up |website=Leadership Newspaper |date=2025-05-26 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinsa na shugaban kungiyar '''Fertilizer Producers and Suppliers Association of Nigeria (FEPSAN)''', ya jagoranci ƙoƙarin bunƙasa samar da taki a cikin gida da rage dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/business-person-of-the-year-2025-thomas-etuh-building-prosperity-from-the-soil-up/ |title=Business Person Of The Year 2025: Thomas Etuh: Building Prosperity From The Soil Up |website=Leadership Newspaper |date=2025-05-26 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin banki ==
Etuh ya shiga harkar banki bayan an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Daraktocin '''Unity Bank Plc''' a shekarar 2014. Daga baya ya zama Shugaban Hukumar Daraktocin bankin a shekarar 2015, inda ya jagoranci wasu sauye-sauye da aka yi domin inganta ayyukan bankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://westafricaweekly.com/unity-bank-fraud-an-unfolding-story-of-nigerian-corporate-malfeasance/ |title=Unity Bank Fraud: An Unfolding Story Of Nigerian Corporate Malfeasance |website=West Africa Weekly |date=2023-12-02 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin sadarwa ==
A shekarar 2021, Etuh ya shiga harkar sadarwa ta zamani ta hanyar tallafawa kamfanin '''Mafab Communications''' wajen samun lasisin fasahar 5G a Najeriya. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki a kamfanin '''9mobile''', inda aka naɗa shi Shugaban Hukumar Daraktocin kamfanin bayan sauyin mallaka da aka yi a shekarar 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/from-fertiliser-to-telecoms-via-pepper-10-things-to-know-about-thomas-etuh/ |title=From fertiliser to telecoms via pepper: 10 things to know about Thomas Etuh |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/business-person-of-the-year-2025-thomas-etuh-building-prosperity-from-the-soil-up/ |title=Business Person Of The Year 2025: Thomas Etuh: Building Prosperity From The Soil Up |website=Leadership Newspaper |date=2025-05-26 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sayen Notore Chemical Industries ==
A shekarar 2024, Thomas Etuh tare da kamfanin '''TY Holdings''' na Janar Theophilus Danjuma sun sayi kamfanin '''Notore Chemical Industries Plc''' kan kuɗi kimanin dala miliyan 150. Wannan ciniki ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan yarjejeniyoyin masana'antar taki a Najeriya a lokacin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/etuh-danjuma-acquire-notore-chemical-for-150m/ |title=Etuh, Danjuma acquire Notore Chemical for $150m |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/business-economy/money/1611001-nigerian-billionaire-dangjuma-etuh-acquire-notore-chemical-150-million/ |title=Nigerian Billionaire Danjuma, Etuh Acquire Notore Chemical for $150 Million |website=Legit.ng |date=2024-08-29 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya aka naɗa shi Shugaban Hukumar Daraktocin Notore Chemical Industries Plc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://notore.com/about-notore/board-of-directors/mr-thomas-etuh/ |title=Mr. Thomas Etuh |publisher=Notore Chemical Industries Plc |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan jin ƙai ==
Etuh shi ne shugaban '''Jennifer Etuh Foundation''', wata gidauniya da aka kafa domin tallafawa lafiya, ilimi da bunƙasa rayuwar al'umma. A shekarar 2023 ya bayar da gudummawar gina asibiti da cibiyar koyon sana'o'i da aka sanya wa suna '''Jennifer Etuh Medical Center''' domin tunawa da marigayiyar matarsa Jennifer Etuh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.billionaires.africa/2023/04/28/nigerian-fertilizer-mogul-thomas-etuh-donates-500000-hospital-to-rural-community/ |title=Nigerian fertilizer mogul Thomas Etuh donates $500,000 hospital to rural community |website=Billionaires Africa |date=2023-04-28 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Thomas Etuh ya auri Jennifer Ramatu Etuh wadda ta rasu a shekarar 2020 bayan fama da rashin lafiya. Sun haifi yara huɗu maza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/from-fertiliser-to-telecoms-via-pepper-10-things-to-know-about-thomas-etuh/ |title=From fertiliser to telecoms via pepper: 10 things to know about Thomas Etuh |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kogi State]]
[[Category:Nigerian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Nigerian company founders]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in agriculture]]
```0</text>
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    <title>Morenike molehinuh</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Morenike Molehin | image =  | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|5}} | birth_place = Ijebu-Ode, Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, mai zane-zanen cikin gida, mai magana a taruka | known_for = Wanda ta kafa Oak and Teak Interiors | spouse = Abayomi Oluwaseun Molehin | children = 2 | alma_mater = Covenant University, University of Leicester }}  '''Morenike Molehin''' (an haife ta 5 ga Mayu, 1989) fitacciy...</comment>
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| name = Morenike Molehin
| image = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|5}}
| birth_place = Ijebu-Ode, Jihar Ogun, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, mai zane-zanen cikin gida, mai magana a taruka
| known_for = Wanda ta kafa Oak and Teak Interiors
| spouse = Abayomi Oluwaseun Molehin
| children = 2
| alma_mater = Covenant University, University of Leicester
}}

'''Morenike Molehin''' (an haife ta 5 ga Mayu, 1989) fitacciyar 'yar kasuwa ce daga Najeriya, mai zane-zanen cikin gida (interior designer), kuma shugabar kamfanin '''Oak and Teak Interiors'''. Ta yi suna wajen bunkasa harkar tsara gine-ginen zamani da kayan daki a Najeriya, tare da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mata masu tasiri a harkokin kasuwanci da jagoranci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morenike Molehin |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/morenike-molehin/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2017-12-23 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Morenike Molehin a garin Ijebu-Ode da ke Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya uku na iyayenta, Bolajoko Abiodun da Olubunmi Ganiat Odutola.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://moiawards.com/morenike-molehin-nominated-for-business-and-impact-of-the-year-at-the-moi-awards/ |title=Morenike Molehin – Nominated for Business and Impact of the Year at the MOI Awards |publisher=MOI Awards |date=2025-10-16 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta fara karatunta a St. Anthony Nursery and Primary School sannan ta halarci Dansol High School. Daga baya ta samu digirin farko a fannin '''Industrial Mathematics''' daga Covenant University da ke Ota, Jihar Ogun. Bayan haka ta tafi Burtaniya inda ta samu digirin digirgir na biyu (MSc) a fannin '''Financial Mathematics and Computation''' daga University of Leicester.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morenike Molehin |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/morenike-molehin/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2017-12-23 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Building professional relationships help women navigate challenges in career |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/building-professional-relationships-help-women-navigate-challenges-in-career/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2024-05-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin sana'a ==
Molehin ta fara aikinta a kamfanin '''ExxonMobil''' tsakanin shekarar 2009 da 2010. Bayan haka ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na gudanarwa da harkokin kasuwanci kafin ta zama Manajan Darakta na kamfanin '''Newer Heights Limited''' a shekarar 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://refinedng.com/morenike-molehin/ |title=Morenike Molehin |publisher=RefinedNG |date=2022-05-11 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2013 ta kafa '''Oak and Teak''', wani kamfani da ke ba da sabis na tsara cikin gida da ƙera kayan daki. Da farko kamfanin ya mayar da hankali ne wajen tsara dakunan jarirai da gidajen iyalai, amma daga baya ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa zuwa gidaje, otal-otal, makarantu da manyan wuraren kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://refinedng.com/morenike-molehin/ |title=Morenike Molehin |publisher=RefinedNG |date=2022-05-11 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2017 ta bar aikin gudanarwa domin mayar da hankali gaba ɗaya ga kamfaninta. A karkashin jagorancinta, Oak and Teak ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin tsara cikin gida masu tasowa cikin sauri a Najeriya da nahiyar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Building professional relationships help women navigate challenges in career |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/building-professional-relationships-help-women-navigate-challenges-in-career/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2024-05-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jagoranci da tallafawa mata ==
Baya ga harkokin kasuwanci, Morenike Molehin tana shirya tarurruka da shirye-shiryen horaswa domin taimaka wa mata da matasa masu sha'awar kasuwanci. Ita ce mai shirya taron '''Grow With Renny (GWR) Conference''', wanda ke mayar da hankali kan ci gaban mata a harkokin kasuwanci, rayuwa da addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://moiawards.com/morenike-molehin-nominated-for-business-and-impact-of-the-year-at-the-moi-awards/ |title=Morenike Molehin – Nominated for Business and Impact of the Year at the MOI Awards |publisher=MOI Awards |date=2025-10-16 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kuma gudanar da horaswa kyauta ga masu sha'awar shiga harkar interior design, inda ta taimaka wa matasa da dama wajen kafa sana'o'insu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Morenike Molehin |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/morenike-molehin/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2017-12-23 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
Molehin ta samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da take bayarwa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban mata.

Daga cikin karramawar da ta samu akwai:

* '''ELOY Awards Entrepreneur of the Year''' (2023)
* Jerin '''Top 100 Most Inspiring Women in Nigeria''' na Leading Ladies Africa (2023)
* Jerin '''Top 100 Career Women in Africa''' na Gabi Magazine (2024)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Meet women who clinched the 2023 ELOY Awards |url=https://businessday.ng/arts-and-life/article/meet-women-who-clinched-the-202</text>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Chin Okeke | birth_name = Chinedu Okeke | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|2|27}} | birth_place = London, Birtaniya | nationality = Najeriya da Birtaniya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, shugaban harkokin nishaɗi, mai shirya bukukuwa | alma_mater = Jami'ar Bristol | known_for = Gidi Culture Festival, Eclipse Group, Universal Music Group West Africa }}  '''Chin Okeke''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1986), wanda cikakken sunansa '''Chinedu Oke...</comment>
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| name = Chin Okeke
| birth_name = Chinedu Okeke
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|2|27}}
| birth_place = London, Birtaniya
| nationality = Najeriya da Birtaniya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, shugaban harkokin nishaɗi, mai shirya bukukuwa
| alma_mater = Jami'ar Bristol
| known_for = Gidi Culture Festival, Eclipse Group, Universal Music Group West Africa
}}

'''Chin Okeke''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1986), wanda cikakken sunansa '''Chinedu Okeke''', ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya da Birtaniya, kuma jagora a harkokin nishaɗi da masana'antar kiɗa a Afirka. Ya shahara ne a matsayin wanda ya kafa '''Eclipse Group''' tare da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''Gidi Culture Festival''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan kiɗa na Afrobeats a Yammacin Afirka. Ya kuma taɓa zama Babban Manajan Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka mai amfani da Turanci na kamfanin '''Universal Music Group'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/chin-okeke-appointed-new-boss-of-universal-music-nigeria-2024081711583771339 |title=Chin Okeke appointed new boss of Universal Music Nigeria |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2021-01-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Chin Okeke a birnin London na ƙasar Birtaniya. Ya yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Bristol. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya samu horo a manyan kamfanonin duniya ciki har da '''Credit Suisse''' a New York da kuma '''A.P. Moller–Maersk Group''' a Shanghai da Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin kasuwanci ==
A shekarar 2010, Okeke ya kafa '''Eclipse Brand Agency''', wani kamfani da ke ba da sabis na sadarwa da talla. Daga baya, a shekarar 2013, ya ƙaddamar da '''Eclipse Live''', wani kamfani da ke shirya bukukuwa, kide-kide da sauran manyan tarukan nishaɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/chin-okeke-appointed-new-boss-of-universal-music-nigeria-2024081711583771339 |title=Chin Okeke appointed new boss of Universal Music Nigeria |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2021-01-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ƙarƙashin Eclipse Live, ya taimaka wajen shirya wasu daga cikin manyan bukukuwa da tarukan nishaɗi a Najeriya, ciki har da:

* ''Gidi Culture Festival''
* ''Lagos Music Week''
* ''ECHO Music Conference''
* ''Arise Fashion Week''
* ''Sneaker Exchange''

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/chin-okeke-appointed-new-boss-of-universal-music-nigeria-2024081711583771339 |title=Chin Okeke appointed new boss of Universal Music Nigeria |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2021-01-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gidi Culture Festival ==
Chin Okeke tare da Oriteme Banigo sun kafa '''Gidi Culture Festival''', wani babban bikin kiɗa da al'adu wanda ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa kiɗan Afrobeats da kuma haɗa matasa daga sassa daban-daban na Afirka. Bikin ya samu karɓuwa sosai a Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun bukukuwan kiɗa a yankin Yammacin Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Universal Music Group ==
A watan Janairun shekarar 2021, kamfanin '''Universal Music Group''' ya naɗa Chin Okeke a matsayin Babban Manajan Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka mai amfani da Turanci. Wannan muƙami ya sanya shi cikin manyan shugabannin masana'antar kiɗa a nahiyar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/chin-okeke-appointed-new-boss-of-universal-music-nigeria-2024081711583771339 |title=Chin Okeke appointed new boss of Universal Music Nigeria |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2021-01-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2021 kuma, an ƙara masa girma zuwa matsayin '''Managing Director, West Africa''' na Universal Music Group kafin daga baya ya koma cikin shugabancin Eclipse Group.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga masana'antar kiɗa ==
Okeke ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ayyukan mawaka da masu nishaɗi da dama a Najeriya da Afirka. An danganta shi da tallafawa da bunƙasa ayyukan wasu fitattun masu fasaha kamar:

* Tiwa Savage
* Lynxxx
* Show Dem Camp
* Poe
* DJ Obi
* Efya
* Vanessa Mdee

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/chin-okeke-appointed-new-boss-of-universal-music-nigeria-2024081711583771339 |title=Chin Okeke appointed new boss of Universal Music Nigeria |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2021-01-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa ==
A shekarar 2018, an saka Chin Okeke cikin jerin mutane goma mafi tasiri a harkokin nishaɗi na Najeriya daga mujallar '''YNaija'''. Haka kuma, mujallar '''Billboard''' ta ambace shi cikin jerin manyan masu tasiri a harkokin kiɗa na duniya a shekarar 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Chin Okeke ya auri '''Nenesi Ibru''', 'yar fitaccen attajirin ɗan kasuwan Najeriya Oskar Ibru. An gudanar da aurensu a shekarar 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_Okeke |title=Chin Okeke |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Nigerian music executives]]
[[Category:People in the Nigerian entertainment industry]]
[[Category:University of Bristol alumni]]
[[Category:Yoruba businesspeople]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Orondaam Otto</title>
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    <id>153952</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844780</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Orondaam Otto | image =  | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|8|8}} | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, ɗan gwagwarmayar ci gaban al'umma, mai rajin ilimi | known_for = Wanda ya kafa Slum2School Africa | education = Jami'ar Port Harcourt, Harvard Kennedy School }}  '''Orondaam Otto''' (an haife shi ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1987) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, mai rajin ci gaban al'umma, kuma wanda ya kafa ƙ...</comment>
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      <text bytes="8166" sha1="lpauj6qldmt7szfai44gds9uu4gknuf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Orondaam Otto
| image = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|8|8}}
| birth_place = Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, ɗan gwagwarmayar ci gaban al'umma, mai rajin ilimi
| known_for = Wanda ya kafa Slum2School Africa
| education = Jami'ar Port Harcourt, Harvard Kennedy School
}}

'''Orondaam Otto''' (an haife shi ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1987) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, mai rajin ci gaban al'umma, kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar '''Slum2School Africa''', wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke taimakawa yara marasa galihu samun ilimi a ƙasashen Afirka. Ya yi suna a duniya saboda ƙoƙarinsa wajen rage yawan yaran da ba sa zuwa makaranta da kuma amfani da fasaha wajen samar da ilimi ga yara masu ƙarancin gata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/meet-orondaam-otto-named-2025-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum/ |title=Meet Orondaam Otto, named 2025 Young Global Leader by World Economic Forum |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Orondaam Otto a Najeriya a shekarar 1987. Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin '''Human Anatomy''' a Jami'ar Port Harcourt. Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatu a cibiyoyi daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da Harvard Kennedy School inda ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a (Master of Public Administration).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/mcm-meet-our-man-crush-orondaam-otto-founder-of-slum-2-school-africa/87b89b5 |title=Meet our Man Crush, Orondaam Otto, founder of Slum2School Africa |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2018-09-10 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Otto ya fara shiga ayyukan sa-kai tun yana ɗan shekara 16, inda yake aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu domin taimakawa yara da matasa a yankuna marasa galihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/mcm-meet-our-man-crush-orondaam-otto-founder-of-slum-2-school-africa/87b89b5 |title=Meet our Man Crush, Orondaam Otto, founder of Slum2School Africa |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2018-09-10 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2012, yayin hidimar '''National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)''', ya kai ziyara yankin '''Makoko''' a jihar Legas, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan unguwannin talakawa a Afirka. Bayan ganin matsalolin ilimi da yara ke fuskanta a yankin, ya kafa ƙungiyar '''Slum2School Africa''' domin taimaka wa yara marasa galihu samun ilimi da tallafin rayuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://slum2school.org/meet-the-founder/ |title=Meet the Founder |website=Slum2School Africa |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/education/slum2school-africa-founder-shares-experience-with-cnn/ |title=Slum2School Africa Founder Shares Experience With CNN |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2020-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar Slum2School Africa ta samar da tallafin karatu, kayan makaranta, cibiyoyin koyon yara, horar da malamai da kuma shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ga dubban yara a Najeriya da wasu yankunan Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kirkire-kirkire a fannin ilimi ==
A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a shekarar 2020, Otto ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin azuzuwan koyarwa na zamani na farko a Afirka domin taimaka wa yara daga yankuna masu rauni su ci gaba da karatu yayin rufe makarantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/education/slum2school-africa-founder-shares-experience-with-cnn/ |title=Slum2School Africa Founder Shares Experience With CNN |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2020-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wannan tsari ya bai wa ɗaruruwan yara damar ci gaba da samun ilimi ta hanyar amfani da kwamfutoci, na'urorin dijital da makamashin hasken rana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://slum2school.org/meet-the-founder/ |title=Meet the Founder |website=Slum2School Africa |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin shugabanci ==
Otto ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin matasa da suka samu lambar yabo ta '''Mandela Washington Fellowship''' a shekarar 2016. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a wasu manyan kwamitoci da cibiyoyi masu alaƙa da ilimi, shugabanci da ci gaban matasa a Afirka da duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2016/08/slum2school-founder-otto-orondaa.html |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Orondaam Receives Mandela Washington Fellowship Certificate For Young African Leaders |website=Kanyi Daily News |date=2016-08-05 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma kasance memba a kwamitin tsofaffin ɗaliban Harvard Kennedy School da wasu cibiyoyin duniya masu tallafawa ci gaban ilimi da shugabanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan ilimi ==
Orondaam Otto ya kasance mai kira da a sake fasalin tsarin ilimin Najeriya domin ya fi mayar da hankali kan koyar da ƙwarewa da fasahohin zamani maimakon dogaro da jarabawa kawai. Ya yi gargadin cewa rashin dacewar tsarin ilimi da kasuwar aiki na ƙara matsalar rashin aikin yi a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/10/01/slum2school-founder-laments-high-rate-of-uneducated-teachers/ |title=Slum2School Founder Laments High Rate Of Uneducated Teachers |website=Channels Television |date=2018-10-01 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/education/article/otto-calls-for-nigerias-educational-reforms/ |title=Otto calls for Nigeria's educational reforms |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2026-01-20 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2026 ya gabatar da babban laccar taron yaye dalibai na jami'ar Legas, inda ya bayyana muhimmancin sauya tsarin ilimi domin dacewa da bukatun ƙarni na 21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://unilagsun.com.ng/slum2school-founder-otto-calls-for-restructuring-of-education-around-skill-development/ |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Calls for Restructuring of Education Around Skill Development |website=UNILAG Sun |date=2026-01-22 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da karramawa ==
* Wanda ya lashe '''The Future Awards Africa''' sau biyu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi da kirkire-kirkire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Wanda ya samu '''Mandela Washington Fellowship''' a shekarar 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2016/08/slum2school-founder-otto-orondaa.html |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Orondaam Receives Mandela Washington Fellowship Certificate For Young African Leaders |website=Kanyi Daily News |date=2016-08-05 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An zaɓe shi cikin '''World Economic Forum Young Global Leaders Class of 2025'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/meet-orondaam-otto-named-2025-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum/ |title=Meet Orondaam Otto, named 2025 Young Global Leader by World Economic Forum |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ya samu lambobin yabo na shugabanci daga Harvard Kennedy School.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Slum2School Africa]]
* [[Education in Nigeria]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Nigerian educators]]
[[Category:University of Port Harcourt alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]]
[[Category:People from Rivers State]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samuel Fawehinmi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844781</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:09:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Samuel Fawehinmi | birth_date = 1912 | death_date = 1998 | birth_place = Ondo City, Ondo State, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Dan kasuwa, masana'antar kayan ɗaki | known_for = Daya daga cikin farkon attajiran Najeriya a harkar masana'antar kayan ɗaki }}  '''Samuel Ibitayo Fawehinmi''' (1912–1998) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farko-farkon attajiran ƙasar da suka kafa many...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5982" sha1="gsa22c534kj45e0oa3ldx6jdsr34vwy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Samuel Fawehinmi
| birth_date = 1912
| death_date = 1998
| birth_place = Ondo City, Ondo State, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Dan kasuwa, masana'antar kayan ɗaki
| known_for = Daya daga cikin farkon attajiran Najeriya a harkar masana'antar kayan ɗaki
}}

'''Samuel Ibitayo Fawehinmi''' (1912–1998) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farko-farkon attajiran ƙasar da suka kafa manyan masana'antun kayan ɗaki na zamani. An san shi da kawo sababbin hanyoyin sarrafa itace da ƙera kayan ɗaki a Najeriya, lamarin da ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa masana'antar cikin gida a shekarun bayan mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16474/samuel-fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi Biography |website=Manpower Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Samuel Fawehinmi a shekarar 1912 a garin Ondo da ke jihar Ondo, Najeriya. Ya fito daga gidan kasuwanci, domin mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne sananne a yankin. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha'awa ga ilimi da sana'o'in hannu musamman ayyukan itace da ƙarfe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://prabook.com/web/samuel.fawehinmi/1907549 |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Prabook |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi karatunsa a '''Ondo Boys High School''' sannan daga baya ya halarci '''Yaba Higher College''' a Legas, wacce ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16474/samuel-fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi Biography |website=Manpower Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon aiki ==
Da farko Samuel Fawehinmi ya yi niyyar shiga fannin likitanci. Sai dai jinkirin samun damar shiga karatun likita ya sa ya karkata hankalinsa zuwa aikin injiniya da sana'ar sarrafa itace. Daga baya ya kware a aikin injiniyan gine-gine kuma ya yi aiki a '''King's College Lagos'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1946 ya tafi ƙasar Birtaniya domin samun ƙarin horo a fannin ƙera kayan ɗaki. Ya yi karatu a '''Shoreditch Technical College''' inda ya koyi dabarun zamani na ƙera kayan ɗaki da sarrafa itace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://prabook.com/web/samuel.fawehinmi/1907549 |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Prabook |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya, ya samu tallafin kuɗi daga mahaifinsa tare da rance daga '''Colony Development Board''', wanda ya ba shi damar kafa masana'antun kayan ɗaki a Legas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16474/samuel-fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi Biography |website=Manpower Nigeria |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masana tarihi na tattalin arziki sun bayyana Samuel Fawehinmi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kasuwar Najeriya na farko da suka mayar da hankali kan masana'anta guda ɗaya maimakon gudanar da fannoni daban-daban na kasuwanci. Wannan ya taimaka wajen kafa ingantacciyar masana'antar kayan ɗaki a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fawehinmi |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi fice wajen amfani da sabbin fasahohi na ƙera kayan ɗaki, wanda ya sa kayayyakinsa suka samu karɓuwa a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://prabook.com/web/samuel.fawehinmi/1907549 |title=Samuel Fawehinmi |website=Prabook |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan alheri ==
Bayan nasarar da ya samu a harkokin kasuwanci, Samuel Fawehinmi ya kasance mai taimakon jama'a. An kafa '''Ibitayo Fawehinmi Foundation''' domin ci gaba da ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon marasa galihu. Gidauniyar ta mayar da hankali wajen kula da tsofaffi da yara masu buƙata ta musamman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/akeredolu-others-seek-support-for-young-old-people/ |title=Akeredolu, others seek support for young, old people |website=The Nation Newspaper |date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani bikin tunawa da shi da aka gudanar a Legas, manyan mutane ciki har da gwamnatin jihar Ondo sun yabawa gudummawar da ya bayar wajen taimakon marasa galihu da ci gaban al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/akeredolu-others-seek-support-for-young-old-people/ |title=Akeredolu, others seek support for young, old people |website=The Nation Newspaper |date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Samuel Fawehinmi ya fito daga shahararren gidan Fawehinmi na Ondo. Ya kasance mahaifin fitaccen lauya kuma mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam '''Chief Gani Fawehinmi''', wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyi a tarihin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://gani.ng/about/ |title=About Gani Fawehinmi |website=Gani Fawehinmi Library &amp; Gallery |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/the-man-gani-by-olu-onagoruwa/ |title=The man Gani, by Olu Onagoruwa |website=Vanguard News |date=2009-09-05 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gado ==
Ana kallon Samuel Fawehinmi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka taimaka wajen gina masana'antun cikin gida a Najeriya. Nasararsa a harkar kayan ɗaki ta zama abin koyi ga matasa 'yan kasuwa, yayin da ayyukansa na jin ƙai suka ci gaba da tasiri har bayan rasuwarsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/akeredolu-others-seek-support-for-young-old-people/ |title=Akeredolu, others seek support for young, old people |website=The Nation Newspaper |date=2019-09-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian industrialists]]
[[Category:Yoruba business</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amari Omaka Chukwu</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Amari Omaka Chukwu | birth_place = Amasiri, Afikpo North, Jihar Ebonyi, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya, Farfesan Shari'a, Malami, Jami'in Gwamnati | known_for = Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN), Farfesan Dokar Muhalli | alma_mater = Jami'ar Najeriya (UNN), Jami'ar Legas | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) }}  '''Amari Omaka Chukwu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, farfesan shari'a kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Senior Advocate of...</comment>
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| name = Amari Omaka Chukwu
| birth_place = Amasiri, Afikpo North, Jihar Ebonyi, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya, Farfesan Shari'a, Malami, Jami'in Gwamnati
| known_for = Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN), Farfesan Dokar Muhalli
| alma_mater = Jami'ar Najeriya (UNN), Jami'ar Legas
| title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)
}}

'''Amari Omaka Chukwu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, farfesan shari'a kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara a fannin dokokin muhalli, albarkatun ruwa da dokokin albarkatun ƙasa. Haka kuma ya taɓa zama shugaban ƙungiyar malaman shari'a ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban sashen koyar da doka a Jami'ar Jihar Ebonyi. A shekarar 2016 ya zama mutum na farko daga Jihar Ebonyi da ya samu muƙamin SAN.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amari_Omaka_Chukwu |title=Amari Omaka Chukwu |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/belonging-to-cult-group-not-prerequisite-to-achieving-san-prof-omaks/ |title=Belonging to cult group not prerequisite to achieving SAN — Prof Omaka |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=8 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Farko da Karatu ==
An haifi Amari Omaka Chukwu a garin Amasiri da ke ƙaramar hukumar Afikpo North a Jihar Ebonyi, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a fannin shari'a (LL.B) a Jami'ar Najeriya (University of Nigeria). Daga bisani ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (LL.M) daga Jami'ar Legas sannan ya kammala digirin digirgir (Ph.D) a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amari_Omaka_Chukwu |title=Amari Omaka Chukwu |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Amari Omaka Chukwu ya yi suna a matsayin masani kuma malami a fannin dokokin muhalli, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Jihar Ebonyi (Ebonyi State University), inda ya kai matsayin Farfesa sannan ya zama shugaban tsangayar shari'a. Haka kuma ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu (ESUT).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://resources.gaje.org/amari-omaka-2/ |title=Amari Omaka |publisher=Global Alliance for Justice Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://resources.gaje.org/amari-omaka-chukwu/ |title=Amari Omaka Chukwu |publisher=Global Alliance for Justice Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kafa '''Ebonyi State University Law Clinic''', wata cibiyar da ke taimakawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙoƙinsu na shari'a tare da bayar da tallafin doka ga marasa galihu. Har ila yau ya kasance shugaban '''National Association of Law Teachers (NALT)''' a Najeriya, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyoyin ilimin shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://resources.gaje.org/amari-omaka-2/ |title=Amari Omaka |publisher=Global Alliance for Justice Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muƙamin SAN ==
A shekarar 2016, an ba shi muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi da lauya zai iya samu a Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ya zama mutum na farko daga Jihar Ebonyi da ya samu wannan karramawa. A hirarraki daban-daban da ya yi, ya bayyana cewa samun muƙamin SAN yana buƙatar ƙwarewa, gaskiya da kuma jajircewa a aikin shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://weekendersmagazine.com/part-one-to-become-a-san-is-an-achievable-task-prof-amari-omaka/ |title=To become a SAN is an achievable task – Prof Amari Omaka |work=Weekenders Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/belonging-to-cult-group-not-prerequisite-to-achieving-san-prof-omaks/ |title=Belonging to cult group not prerequisite to achieving SAN — Prof Omaka |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=8 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Gwamnati ==
Baya ga aikin koyarwa da shari'a, Amari Omaka Chukwu ya shiga harkokin gwamnati. Ya riƙe muƙamin Kwamishinan Ilimin Manyan Makarantu na Jihar Ebonyi (Commissioner for Tertiary Education), inda ya jagoranci manufofi da shirye-shiryen bunƙasa ilimin manyan makarantu a jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/belonging-to-cult-group-not-prerequisite-to-achieving-san-prof-omaks/ |title=Belonging to cult group not prerequisite to achieving SAN — Prof Omaka |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=8 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/omari-omaka |title=Omari Omaka |publisher=LeaderBox Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan Shari'a ==
Amari Omaka Chukwu ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra'ayoyinsa kan 'yancin shari'a da tsarin mulki. A shekarar 2016 ya soki yadda Hukumar Tsaro ta DSS ta kama wasu alkalai, yana mai cewa akwai hanyoyin doka da ya kamata a bi wajen hukunta alkalai maimakon kai tsaye kama su. Ya bayyana cewa kare martabar tsarin shari'a yana da muhimmanci ga dimokuraɗiyya da mulkin doka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://guardian.ng/news/dss-has-no-right-to-arrest-judges-says-law-professor/ |title=DSS has no right to arrest judges, says law professor |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/10/11/dss-no-right-arrest-judge-prof-omaka/ |title=DSS has no right to arrest any judge – Prof Omaka |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=11 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wallafe-wallafe da Bincike ==
A matsayin masani, Amari Omaka Chukwu ya wallafa littattafai da muƙalu masu yawa a fannin dokokin muhalli, dokokin ruwa da haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a tarukan ilimi na duniya a Afirka, Turai, Asiya da Amurka, kuma ana ambaton ayyukansa a binciken shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://resources.gaje.org/amari-omaka-chukwu/ |title=Amari Omaka Chukwu |publisher=Global Alliance for Justice Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://independent.academia.edu/AmariOmaka |title=Amari Omaka |publisher=Academia.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abiodun Layonu</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abiodun Layonu | image =  | birth_name = Abiodun Ishola Layonu | birth_date = 24 Disamba 1960 | birth_place = Jihar Osun, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | education = Jami'ar Ife; London School of Economics | occupation = Lauya, mai shiga tsakani (arbitrator) | known_for = Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN) | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria }}  '''Abiodun Ishola Layonu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma mai riƙe da muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nige...</comment>
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| name = Abiodun Layonu
| image = 
| birth_name = Abiodun Ishola Layonu
| birth_date = 24 Disamba 1960
| birth_place = Jihar Osun, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| education = Jami'ar Ife; London School of Economics
| occupation = Lauya, mai shiga tsakani (arbitrator)
| known_for = Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN)
| title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria
}}

'''Abiodun Ishola Layonu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma mai riƙe da muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya shahara a fannonin dokokin kasuwanci, shari'o'in gine-gine, dokokin kadarori, sulhu da sasanci (arbitration), da kuma harkokin dawo da basussuka da gyaran kasuwanci. Ya kasance babban abokin hulɗa (Principal Partner) na kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Abiodun Layonu (SAN) &amp; Co'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://layonuandco.com/principal.html |title=Meet Our Principal – Dr. Abiodun Layonu SAN |publisher=Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Abiodun Ishola Layonu a ranar 24 ga Disamba 1960 a Jihar Osun, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun sakandare a '''Olivet Baptist High School, Oyo''' tsakanin shekarun 1972 zuwa 1976. Bayan haka ya samu digirin LL.B (Hons) daga '''Jami'ar Ife''' (yanzu '''Obafemi Awolowo University''') a shekarar 1981. Daga bisani ya samu digirin LL.M daga '''London School of Economics and Political Science''' a shekarar 1984, sannan ya kammala digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1989. An kira shi zuwa Bar na Najeriya a shekarar 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-abiodun-ishola-layonu-san/ |title=Biography Of Abiodun Ishola Layonu, SAN |publisher=Media Nigeria |date=2018-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://layonuandco.com/principal.html |title=Meet Our Principal – Dr. Abiodun Layonu SAN |publisher=Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Layonu ya yi aiki tare da kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Kusamotu, Olojo &amp; Co.''' a Legas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin jami'in shari'a a '''London Borough of Southwark''' a Birtaniya, tare da koyar da darussan shari'a a matsayin malami na ɗan lokaci a '''Willesden College of Technology''' da ke Landan. Daga baya ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Abiodun Layonu (SAN) &amp; Co.''', wanda ke ba da hidimomi a fannoni daban-daban na shari'a ciki har da dokokin kamfanoni, harkokin banki, kadarori, da kuma dokokin teku (admiralty law).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://layonuandco.com/principal.html |title=Meet Our Principal – Dr. Abiodun Layonu SAN |publisher=Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://layonuandco.com/about.html |title=About Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |publisher=Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muƙamai da ƙwarewa ==
Layonu ya yi aiki a hukumomi da kwamitoci daban-daban na gwamnati a Jihohin Oyo da Osun, ciki har da '''Land Use and Allocation Committee''' da kuma '''Local Government Service Commission'''. Haka kuma ya kasance memba kuma ɗan ƙwararre a '''Chartered Institute of Arbitrators'''. Ya kasance shugaban '''Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN)''', ƙungiyar da ke kula da harkokin dawo da kamfanoni da warware matsalolin rashin biyan bashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-abiodun-ishola-layonu-san/ |title=Biography Of Abiodun Ishola Layonu, SAN |publisher=Media Nigeria |date=2018-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kamfanoni da shugabanci ==
Baya ga aikin lauya, Layonu ya kasance darekta a kamfanoni da dama a Najeriya. Daga cikin kamfanonin da aka ambace shi a matsayin darekta akwai '''Stabilini Visinoni Ltd''' da kuma '''Bi-Courtney Ltd''', kamfanin da ke da alhakin gudanar da Terminal 2 na filin jirgin saman Murtala Muhammed da ke Legas. Wannan ya nuna rawar da yake takawa wajen haɗa ilimin shari'a da gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://layonuandco.com/principal.html |title=Meet Our Principal – Dr. Abiodun Layonu SAN |publisher=Abiodun Layonu &amp; Co. |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahararrun shari'o'i ==
A shekarar 2025, Layonu ya samu karɓuwa a kafafen yaɗa labarai bayan ya wakilci '''General Hydrocarbons Limited (GHL)''' a wata shari'a da ta shafi '''Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON)'''. Kotun Tarayya da ke Legas ta tabbatar da shi a matsayin halastaccen lauya mai wakiltar kamfanin bayan wata takaddama da ta taso kan wanda ke da ikon wakiltar GHL a kotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://guardian.ng/news/court-bars-amcon-lawyer-from-representing-ghl-for-violating-order/ |title=Court bars AMCON lawyer from representing GHL for violating order |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-12-09 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://punchng.com/court-to-rule-on-counsel-dispute-in-general-hydrocarbons-case/ |title=Court to rule on counsel dispute in general hydrocarbons case |work=Punch Newspapers |date=2025-12-04 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har ila yau, ya bayyana a wasu manyan shari'o'i na kasuwanci da kadarori a Najeriya, inda ya wakilci mutane da kamfanoni a gaban manyan kotuna. A shekarar 2025, ya wakilci ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ake tuhuma a wata shari'ar da gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar kan zargin jabun takardun fili da rushe kadarori a yankin Lekki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.legalnigeria.com/two-lawyers-estate-developer-arraigned-for-forgery-demolition/ |title=Two lawyers, estate developer arraigned for forgery, demolition |work=Legal Nigeria |date=2025-06-17 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==
An ba Layonu muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 2009, wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkar shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-abiodun-ishola-layonu-san/ |title=Biography Of Abiodun Ishola Layonu, SAN |publisher=Media Nigeria |date=2018-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Joseph James Nantomah</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Joseph James Nantomah | image =  | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|12|31}} | birth_place = Borokiri, Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | other_names = Black Mentor | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai saka hannun jari, mai koyar da dabarun rayuwa | known_for = Harkokin saka hannun jari a gidaje (real estate), horarwa da kasuwanci | website = {{URL|https://josephnantomah.com}} }}  '''Joseph James Nantomah''' (an haife...</comment>
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| name = Joseph James Nantomah
| image = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|12|31}}
| birth_place = Borokiri, Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| other_names = Black Mentor
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai saka hannun jari, mai koyar da dabarun rayuwa
| known_for = Harkokin saka hannun jari a gidaje (real estate), horarwa da kasuwanci
| website = {{URL|https://josephnantomah.com}}
}}

'''Joseph James Nantomah''' (an haife shi ranar 31 Disamba 1976) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, mai saka hannun jari a harkokin gidaje, mai koyar da dabarun rayuwa (life coach), kuma ɗan kasuwa mai gudanar da kamfanoni da dama. An fi saninsa da laƙabin '''Black Mentor'''. Ya yi suna ne ta hanyar horar da mutane a fannin gudanar da ayyuka (project management), saka hannun jari a gidaje da kuma jagorantar shirye-shiryen ci gaban kasuwanci a Amurka da Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/why-i-invest-in-real-estate-joseph-james-nantomah-nigerian-american-life-coach/ |title=Why I Invest In Real Estate– Joseph James Nantomah, Nigerian-American Life Coach |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2019-10-16 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/my-american-success-story-nantomah-joseph-james/ |title=My American success story – Nantomah Joseph James |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2019-07-29 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Nantomah a unguwar Borokiri da ke Port Harcourt a Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Ya taso ne cikin yanayi mai cike da ƙalubale bayan mahaifiyarsa ta bar gida tun yana ƙarami. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta biyu ke gudanar da ƙananan sana</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adewale Eyitemi Atake</title>
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        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Adewale Eyitemi Atake''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Adewale Atake, SAN''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, masanin warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci, kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya (''Senior Advocate of Nigeria'' – SAN). Ya yi suna wajen gudanar da manyan shari’o’i da sulhu na kasuwanci musamman a fannonin makamashi, mai da iskar gas, zuba jari, da rikice-rikicen kasuwanci na ƙasa da ƙasa. Yana jagorantar sashen warware rikice-rikice na kamfanin lauyoyi na Templars, ɗaya daga cik...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4431" sha1="rn2w2becv5lhpy6xkmy4u3xwd2ckfh3" xml:space="preserve">'''Adewale Eyitemi Atake''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Adewale Atake, SAN''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, masanin warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci, kuma Babban Lauyan Najeriya (''Senior Advocate of Nigeria'' – SAN). Ya yi suna wajen gudanar da manyan shari’o’i da sulhu na kasuwanci musamman a fannonin makamashi, mai da iskar gas, zuba jari, da rikice-rikicen kasuwanci na ƙasa da ƙasa. Yana jagorantar sashen warware rikice-rikice na kamfanin lauyoyi na Templars, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake, SAN |url=https://www.templars-law.com/our-people/adewale-atake-san/ |website=Templars |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake |url=https://globalarbitrationreview.com/authors/adewale-atake |website=Global Arbitration Review |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da iyali ==
Adewale Atake ya fito ne daga sanannen gidan masu shari’a a Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, '''Justice Franklin Oritse-Muyiwa Atake''', ya kasance alkali kuma daga baya Sanata a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya. Iyalan Atake sun shahara a harkokin shari’a, kuma ɗan’uwansa '''Eyimofe Atake, SAN''' ma babban lauya ne da ya yi fice a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=F.O.M. Atake |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.O.M._Atake |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=A peep into the life of a stylish and corporate lawyer, Eyimofe Atake |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/a-peep-into-the-life-of-a-stylish-and-corporate-lawyer-eyimofe-atake/ |work=Vanguard |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
A cikin fiye da shekaru talatin da ya shafe yana aiki a fannin shari’a, Adewale Atake ya jagoranci wasu daga cikin manyan shari’o’i da sulhu na kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ya ƙware a shari’o’in kasuwanci, sulhu na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma rikice-rikicen da suka shafi kamfanonin makamashi da hukumomin gwamnati. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙwararru a fannin warware rikice-rikicen zuba jari da makamashi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake, SAN |url=https://www.templars-law.com/our-people/adewale-atake-san/ |website=Templars |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake |url=https://globalarbitrationreview.com/authors/adewale-atake |website=Global Arbitration Review |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya wakilci manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya (''International Oil Companies''), bankuna, da sauran manyan kamfanoni a cikin manyan rikice-rikicen kasuwanci masu darajar biliyoyin daloli. Daga cikin manyan nasarorinsa akwai jagorantar shari’o’in sulhu da suka shafi kamfanonin ExxonMobil, Shell, Total da sauran manyan masu ruwa da tsaki a masana’antar makamashi ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake, SAN |url=https://www.templars-law.com/our-people/adewale-atake-san/ |website=Templars |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin SAN ==
A shekarar 2018 ne Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Girma ga Lauyoyi (''Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee'') ya zaɓi Adewale Atake cikin sabbin waɗanda aka ba lambar '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wacce ita ce mafi girman karramawa ga lauyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya. An rantsar da shi a Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya da ke Abuja tare da sauran sabbin masu wannan matsayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Templars Partner, Adewale Atake, sworn in as a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) |url=https://www.templars-law.com/news/templars-partner-adewale-atake-sworn-in-as-a-senior-advocate-of-nigeria-san/ |website=Templars |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa da martaba ==
Adewale Atake ya samu yabo daga cibiyoyin ƙwararrun lauyoyi na duniya irin su ''Legal 500'' da ''Chambers Global'', waɗanda suka bayyana shi a matsayin lauya mai ƙwarewa sosai a fannin warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci da sulhu na ƙasa da ƙasa. Haka kuma yana cikin fitattun lauyoyin Najeriya da ake yawan ambata a manyan kundin ƙwararrun lauyoyi na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake, SAN |url=https://www.templars-law.com/our-people/adewale-atake-san/ |website=Templars |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adewale Atake |url=https://globalarbitrationreview.com/authors/adewale-atake |website=Global Arbitration Review |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Eyimofe Atake]]
* [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
* [[Templars (Law Firm)]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>George Chiedu Igbokwe</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = George Chiedu Igbokwe | image =  | caption = George Chiedu Igbokwe | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Lauyan kasuwanci, sasanci da warware rikice-rikicen shari'a | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) | alma_mater =  }}  '''George Chiedu Igbokwe''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya shahara a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, sasanci (arbitration), da kuma harkokin dokokin ruwa (maritime law). Ya samu matsayi na '''Senior Advo...</comment>
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      <text bytes="6110" sha1="8wvulawzd50p9yevxjg79s0uxl4hekf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = George Chiedu Igbokwe
| image = 
| caption = George Chiedu Igbokwe
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Lauyan kasuwanci, sasanci da warware rikice-rikicen shari'a
| title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)
| alma_mater = 
}}

'''George Chiedu Igbokwe''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya shahara a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, sasanci (arbitration), da kuma harkokin dokokin ruwa (maritime law). Ya samu matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 2018, wanda yake daga cikin manyan karramawa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BREAKING: 31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria, SAN |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-260688/ |work=Daily Trust |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Full List of New Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) In 2018 |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/full-list-of-new-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-in-2018/ |publisher=Media Nigeria |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da sana'a ==
George Chiedu Igbokwe ya yi suna a matsayin lauya mai gogewa wajen gudanar da shari'o'in farar hula, na kasuwanci da kuma sasanci tsakanin ɓangarori masu rikici. Ya kasance cikin fitattun lauyoyin Najeriya da suka yi aiki a kotunan ƙasa da na ɗaukaka ƙara, tare da bayar da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa harkokin shari'a da warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Igbokwe Stands Tall Among Peers |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2019/12/12/igbokwe-stands-tall-among-peers/ |work=THISDAY |date=12 December 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Team – Mike Igbokwe SAN &amp; Co |url=https://mikeigbokwe.com/our-team/ |publisher=Mike Igbokwe SAN &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria ==
A watan Yulin shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Girmamawa ga Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya sanar da George Chiedu Igbokwe a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sababbin waɗanda aka ɗaga zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa da lauya zai iya samu a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkokin shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BREAKING: 31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria, SAN |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-260688/ |work=Daily Trust |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Breaking: 31 Lawyers Elevated to the rank of SAN |url=https://barristerng.com/breaking-31-lawyers-elevated-to-the-rank-of-sansee-full-list/ |publisher=BarristerNG |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa a fannin dokokin ruwa ==
Igbokwe ya yi fice musamman a harkokin dokokin ruwa da jigilar kayayyaki ta teku. Ya shiga tattaunawa da bayar da shawarwari kan manufofi da dokokin da suka shafi harkokin ruwa a Najeriya. Haka kuma ya yi kira ga ƙarin horaswa ga 'yan majalisa domin su fahimci dokokin ruwa yadda ya kamata tare da sauƙaƙa amincewa da sabbin dokoki masu amfani ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lawyer advocates training for legislators for quick passage of maritime laws |url=https://shipsandports.com.ng/lawyer-advocates-training-legislators-quick-passage-maritime-laws/ |work=Ships &amp; Ports |date=7 March 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indigenous Shipping Development: Our Trade Terms Needs Review – Barr. Igbokwe |url=https://mmsplusng.com/indigenous-shipping-development-our-trade-terms-needs-review-barr-igbokwe/ |work=MMS Plus |date=30 July 2016 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sasanci da warware rikice-rikice ==
George Chiedu Igbokwe ya kasance cikin lauyoyin Najeriya masu ƙwarewa a fannin sasanci (arbitration). Ya shiga kwamitocin sasanci da dama a matsayin shugaba ko mamba, inda yake taimakawa wajen warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Haka kuma ya gabatar da muƙalu da jawabai a tarukan ƙwararru kan batutuwan sasanci da harkokin makamashi da kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Igbokwe Stands Tall Among Peers |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2019/12/12/igbokwe-stands-tall-among-peers/ |work=THISDAY |date=12 December 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Team – Mike Igbokwe SAN &amp; Co |url=https://mikeigbokwe.com/our-team/ |publisher=Mike Igbokwe SAN &amp; Co |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan tsarin shari'a ==
A shekarar 2022, Igbokwe ya bayyana cewa rashin bin doka da mutunta ikon bangaren shari'a yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suke hana Najeriya samun cikakken ci gaba. Ya jaddada muhimmancin tabbatar da cikakken 'yancin kai ga bangaren shari'a domin kare haƙƙin talakawa da tabbatar da adalci a ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Disregard for Rule of Law Bane of Nigeria’s Progress, Says Lawyer |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/04/04/disregard-for-rule-of-law-bane-of-nigerias-progress-says-lawyer/ |work=THISDAY |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Satar sa da aka yi ==
A watan Nuwamban shekarar 2017, wasu masu garkuwa da mutane sun sace George Igbokwe a jihar Edo yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Enugu. Lamarin ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyin lauyoyi da dama, inda suka yi kira ga jami'an tsaro su tabbatar da ceto shi cikin gaggawa tare da sakin sa ba tare da wani sharadi ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gunmen Storm Edo Community Whisk Lawyer Away |url=https://www.informationng.com/2017/11/gunmen-storm-edo-community-whisk-lawyer-away.html |work=Information Nigeria |date=7 November 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Lawyers’ League calls for release of kidnapped colleague, Igbokwe |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/11/lawyers-league-calls-release-kidnapped-colleague-igbokwe/ |work=Vanguard |date=7 November 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
* [[Nigerian Bar Association]]
* [[Maritime law]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ambaliyar ruwa ta 2026 a Kenya</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354017759|2026 Kenya floods]]&quot;</comment>
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A farkon watan Maris na 2026, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya haifar ta shafi sassan [[Kenya]], musamman babban birnin [[Nairobi]], inda ta kashe aƙalla mutane 66. &lt;ref name=&quot;KTN YouTube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2026 |title=Kenya Flood Disaster: 66 dead as heavy rains wreak havoc in Nairobi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sT_6EbqFhMA |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=KTN News |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan ya mamaye hanyoyi a faɗin birnin bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da daddare ya sa koguna suka cika, ya share motoci da kuma masu ababen hawa da suka makale. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu ne sakamakon [[nutsewa]] ko kuma gobarar lantarki .

Ambaliyar ruwan ta haifar da cikas ga sufuri da kayayyakin more rayuwa a Nairobi, ciki har da rufe manyan hanyoyi da katsewar wutar lantarki a unguwanni da dama. Haka kuma an samu tsaiko a zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Filin jirgin saman Nairobi|filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta]], inda aka karkatar da wasu jiragen sama zuwa birnin [[Mombasa]] da ke bakin teku. An tura masu ba da agajin gaggawa, ciki har da sojoji da hukumomin agaji, don taimakawa ayyukan ceto da kuma samar da agaji ga mazauna da abin ya shafa. 

== Bayani ==
Kenya na fuskantar manyan yanayi guda biyu na ruwan sama a kowace shekara: ruwan sama mai tsawo daga Maris zuwa Mayu da kuma ɗan gajeren ruwan sama daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, waɗanda duka suna iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwa a sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: Kenya |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/climate-science/climate-observations-projections-and-impacts/kenya.pdf |url-status=live |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615023716/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/climate-science/climate-observations-projections-and-impacts/kenya.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=9 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ruwan Kenya tana da alaƙa da matsalolin gine-gine ciki har da saurin birane, ci gaba a kan filayen ambaliyar ruwa da filayen ruwa, da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na magudanar ruwa waɗanda ba su yi daidai da ci gaban birane kamar [[Nairobi|Nairobi ba]] . Masu bincike sun yi jayayya cewa waɗannan abubuwan, tare da raunin aiwatar da ƙa'idodin tsara amfani da ƙasa da lalata yankunan magudanar ruwa, sun ƙara tsananin tasirin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheConversationPoorUrban&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Sean |date=2 May 2024 |title=Kenya's devastating floods expose decades of poor urban planning and bad land management |url=https://theconversation.com/kenyas-devastating-floods-expose-decades-of-poor-urban-planning-and-bad-land-management-229015 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Simiyu |first=Mercy |date=7 March 2026 |title=Ignored warnings: How poor planning left Nairobi exposed to deadly floods |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/ignored-warnings-how-poor-planning-left-nairobi-exposed-to-deadly-floods-5383518#story |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Daily Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi Kenya a watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu na 2024, lokacin da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na makonni ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a manyan sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musambi |first=Evelyne |date=8 May 2024 |title=Kenya declares public holiday to mourn flood victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511230135/https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar ɗaruruwan mutane da kuma raba dubban ɗaruruwan mutane da gidajensu, yayin da ta lalata gidaje, gonaki da kayayyakin more rayuwa a ƙananan hukumomi da dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Death toll from Kenya floods rises to 228 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-kenya-floods-rises-228-2024-05-05/ |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin ambaliyar ruwa ta shekarar 2026, [[Kenya Meteorological Department|Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Kenya]] ta fitar da gargadin a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2026, inda ta yi hasashen ruwan sama mai yawa a yankuna da dama na kasar. Shawarar ta nuna cewa ana sa ran ruwan sama da ya wuce milimita 20 cikin awanni 24 zai faru a wasu yankuna, ciki har da tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar da kuma yankin tafkin Victoria. Hukumomi sun yi gargadin cewa hasashen yanayi na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, rashin kyawun gani da sauran hadurra da suka shafi yanayi a yankunan da abin ya shafa. 
[[Fayil:ECDM_20260317_Ethiopia_Kenya.pdf|thumb|Taswirar Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta nuna tarin ruwan sama na 5-16 ga Maris da kuma girman ambaliyar ruwa]]
Ambaliyar ruwa ta fara ne a daren 6-7 ga Maris, 2026 bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a ranar 6 ga Maris ya sa Kogin Nairobi ya fashe a gefensa kuma ya mamaye hanyoyin birnin.  An tafi da motoci kuma an ceto masu ababen hawa da suka makale daga hanyoyin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yayin da yawan ruwa ya karu da sauri a sassa da dama na birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt; Manyan hanyoyin sufuri da suka haɗa da titin Mombasa da [[Uhuru Highway|babbar hanyar Uhuru]] sun fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ya haifar da katsewar zirga-zirga.  Ambaliyar ruwa ta kuma kawo cikas ga ayyukan [[Filin jirgin saman Nairobi|filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta na kasa da kasa]], wanda hakan ya tilasta wa wasu jirage su karkata zuwa [[Mombasa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt;

An kuma bayar da rahoton ambaliyar ruwa a wasu gundumomi da dama, ciki har da Bungoma, Kajiado, Kiambu, Kirinyaga, Kisumu, Kwale, Makueni, Migori, Murang'a, Nakuru, da Tharaka-Nithi .  An tallafawa ayyukan ceto ta hanyar wani martani na hukumomi da dama, wanda ya hada da tura rundunar ceto ta sojoji daga Rundunar Tsaron Kenya don taimakawa ayyukan gaggawa,  yayin da kungiyoyin agaji ciki har da Kungiyar Red Cross ta Kenya suka gudanar da ayyukan bincike da ceto tare da taimakawa mazauna da suka makale yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta toshe hanyoyi da kuma katse zirga-zirga a fadin birnin. 

'Yan sanda sun bayar da rahoton cewa mutane 23 sun mutu a Nairobi sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da ta afku a daren jiya, inda wadanda abin ya shafa suka nutse ko kuma suka ji wa wutar lantarki rauni sakamakon lalacewar layukan wutar lantarki.  A ƙarshen 7 ga Maris, jami'an gwamnati sun ce adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 25 a duk fadin kasar, ciki har da yara biyu da suka mutu a gundumar Kitui. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mwenda |first=Kenneth |date=7 March 2026 |title=Death toll in Kenya floods rises to 25 as heavy rains continue |url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/death-toll-in-kenya-floods-rises-to-25-as-heavy-rains-continue |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=People Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadanda abin ya shafa galibi sun mutu ne sakamakon nutsewa ko kuma gobarar wutar lantarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt; Dubban mazauna birnin sun rasa matsugunansu sakamakon ambaliyar. A Nairobi kadai, kimanin gidaje 3,500 ne abin ya shafa, yayin da a gundumar Kisumu gidaje 381 suka jikkata bayan da [[Kogin Sondu Miriu|kogin Sondu-Miriu]] ya fashe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kizito |first=Phidel |date=7 March 2026 |title=381 Households Affected by Floods after Sondu Miriu bursts its banks |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2026/03/381-households-affected-by-floods-after-sondu-miriu-bursts-its-banks/ |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Capital News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, ayyukan ceto sun ci gaba yayin da ƙungiyoyin agajin gaggawa ke binciken unguwanni da ababen hawa da suka mamaye sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa don neman ƙarin waɗanda abin ya shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cheruiyot |first=Kevin |date=8 March 2026 |title=CS Ruku: 50,000 displaced by flood, 172 vehicles swept away |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/cs-ruku-50-000-displaced-by-flood-5384274 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Daily Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumomi sun yi gargaɗin cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu zai iya ƙaruwa yayin da ayyukan murmurewa ke ci gaba a yankunan da abin ya shafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheStar08Mar2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ombati |first=Cyrus |date=8 March 2026 |title=Death toll rises to 28 as foods ravage Nairobi, many still missing, police reveal |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-08-death-toll-rises-to-28-as-foods-ravage-nairobi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260308080447/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-08-death-toll-rises-to-28-as-foods-ravage-nairobi |archive-date=8 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen wannan rana, adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya kai 43, inda mutane 4,845 suka rasa matsugunansu, gidaje 10,000 kuma abin ya shafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;CitizenDigital08March2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kirui |first=Ben |date=8 March 2026 |title=Flood death toll rises to 43 as heavy rains wreak havoc across 16 counties |url=https://www.citizen.digital/article/flood-death-toll-rises-to-43-as-heavy-rains-wreak-havoc-across-16-counties-n378704 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Citizen Digital}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Maris, hukumomi sun sanar da cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 62, ciki har da maza 46, mata takwas, da yara takwas. 33 daga cikinsu suna Nairobi, 17 a yankin Gabas, da kuma bakwai a yankin Rift Valley . &lt;ref name=&quot;the-star&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2026 |title=Flood deaths rise to 62 as Nairobi bears the brunt |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-13-floods-disaster-death-toll-hits-62 |access-date=14 March 2026 |website=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 15 ga Maris, 'yan sanda sun bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane hudu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwan, wanda ya kara adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa 66. &lt;ref name=&quot;KTN YouTube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2026 |title=Kenya Flood Disaster: 66 dead as heavy rains wreak havoc in Nairobi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sT_6EbqFhMA |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=KTN News |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Joseph |last2=Kagoe |first2=Richard |date=2026-03-15 |title=Kenya floods leave 66 dead, as heavy rains continue in Nairobi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz6e5eng03yo |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Maris, hukumomi sun sanar da mutuwar mutane 71, 36 a yankin Nairobi, 19 a yankin Gabas, 8 a kwarin Rift, 4 a yankin Nyanza, 3 a bakin teku, da kuma daya a yankin Tsakiya.

A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, Hukumar 'Yan Sanda ta Kasa ta sabunta adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa mutane 112. 

Kwanaki uku a jere na ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a ƙananan hukumomin Mombasa, irin su Changamwe, Jomvu, Kisauni, Likoni, Mvita da Nyali, sun haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kwanakin da suka gabaci 24 ga Afrilu. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaura daga mutane 300 da kuma asarar dukiya. Kayayyakin more rayuwa da suka lalace sun haɗa da Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Inuka, Masallacin Al-Mandhry, ofishin Kwamishinan Yankin, matsugunin Tudor-Mworoto da sandunan wutar lantarki a Mtongwe.  An ceto 'yan ƙasar Tanzaniya biyu waɗanda ke cikin teku tun daga ranar 14 ga Afrilu a Bamburi Beach bayan da teku mai ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi ta tilasta wa jirgin ruwansu ya zame daga Tsibirin Pemba. &lt;ref name=&quot;300 people displaced&quot; /&gt;  Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta ba da rahoton ambaliyar ruwa a gundumar Kwale a daren 23 ga Afrilu, wanda ya shafi gidaje 5, tare da ɗauke da wani mai aikin boda boda da ke ƙoƙarin ketare gadar da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi wa barna. 

== Hasashen ==
Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Kenya ta yi hasashen cewa za a samu ruwan sama mai ƙarfi daga 20 ga Maris zuwa 23 ga Maris wanda zai ragu a ranar 24 ga Maris. 

Hasashen Yanayi na Sashen Yanayi na Afrilu 2026 ya yi hasashen cewa Afrilu zai fuskanci kololuwar ruwan sama. &lt;ref name=&quot;forecasts mixed April weather&quot; /&gt; Duk da haka, wasu sassan ƙasar za su sami lokacin bushewa, wasu kuma za su sami ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lastname, Firstname |date=31 March 2026 |title=Outlook For April, Review Of March And Outlook For The Next Three Months (April-May-June) 2026 |url=https://meteo.go.ke/documents/3140/April_2026_Forecast.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403110926/https://meteo.go.ke/documents/3140/April_2026_Forecast.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2026 |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=www.meteo.go.ke |publisher=Ministry Of Environment, Climate Change And Forestry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Zuwa ranar 7 ga Maris, ambaliyar ruwa ta yi awon gaba da motoci 71 a birnin Nairobi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2026 |title=Nairobi floods: 10 dead, 71 vehicles swept away |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xVxL_129PPE |access-date=30 April 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=NTV Kenya |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zuwa ƙarshen Maris, an tabbatar da mutuwar akalla mutane 110 a cikin gundumomi 30, gidaje 6,953 da abin ya shafa sun kuma rasa matsuguni aƙalla mutane 34,765. 

A gundumar Mombasa, ambaliyar ruwa a kwanakin da suka gabata kafin 24 ga Afrilu ta haifar da matsuguni ga mutane 300, ciki har da iyalai 9, ta lalata akalla gidaje 103, ta kuma sa Asibitin Jomvu Model da kuma cibiyar lafiya ta yankin Tudor ba za a iya isa gare su ba.  

== Martani ==
Jami'an gwamnatin Kenya sun ce ana gudanar da ayyukan gaggawa tsakanin hukumomin ƙasa da na gundumomi yayin da ayyukan ceto da dawo da mutane ke ci gaba da gudana a yankunan da ambaliyar ta shafa.  A cikin wata sanarwa, Shugaba [[William Ruto]] ya ce gwamnatinsa &quot;tana goyon bayan duk wani ɗan ƙasa da abin ya shafa&quot; kuma tana &quot;aiwatar da hanzari don rage ƙarin wahala da kuma kare rayuka&quot;. Ruto ya yi alƙawarin biyan kuɗin kula da lafiya ga 'yan Kenya da ambaliyar ruwan ta shafa kuma ya amince cewa ƙasar tana buƙatar inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa don rage haɗarin irin waɗannan abubuwan a nan gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Omondi |first=Ian |date=7 March 2026 |title=Ruto orders multi-agency response, release of relief food after deadly Nairobi floods |url=https://www.citizen.digital/article/ruto-orders-multi-agency-response-release-of-relief-food-after-deadly-nairobi-floods-n378649 |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Citizen Digital}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumomin lafiya sun kuma yi gargaɗi game da ƙaruwar haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa, ciki har da kwalara da zazzabin cizon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|sauro]] bayan ambaliyar, suna masu ambaton damuwa game da gurɓataccen ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa ta tsaya cak. 

== Manazarta ==

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A farkon watan Maris na 2026, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya haifar ta shafi sassan [[Kenya]], musamman babban birnin [[Nairobi]], inda ta kashe aƙalla mutane 66. &lt;ref name=&quot;KTN YouTube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2026 |title=Kenya Flood Disaster: 66 dead as heavy rains wreak havoc in Nairobi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sT_6EbqFhMA |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=KTN News |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan ya mamaye hanyoyi a faɗin birnin bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da daddare ya sa koguna suka cika, ya share motoci da kuma masu ababen hawa da suka makale. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu ne sakamakon [[nutsewa]] ko kuma gobarar lantarki .

Ambaliyar ruwan ta haifar da cikas ga sufuri da kayayyakin more rayuwa a Nairobi, ciki har da rufe manyan hanyoyi da katsewar wutar lantarki a unguwanni da dama. Haka kuma an samu tsaiko a zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Filin jirgin saman Nairobi|filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta]], inda aka karkatar da wasu jiragen sama zuwa birnin [[Mombasa]] da ke bakin teku. An tura masu ba da agajin gaggawa, ciki har da sojoji da hukumomin agaji, don taimakawa ayyukan ceto da kuma samar da agaji ga mazauna da abin ya shafa. 

== Bayani ==
Kenya na fuskantar manyan yanayi guda biyu na ruwan sama a kowace shekara: ruwan sama mai tsawo daga Maris zuwa Mayu da kuma ɗan gajeren ruwan sama daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, waɗanda duka suna iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwa a sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: Kenya |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/climate-science/climate-observations-projections-and-impacts/kenya.pdf |url-status=live |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615023716/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research/climate-science/climate-observations-projections-and-impacts/kenya.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=9 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ruwan Kenya tana da alaƙa da matsalolin gine-gine ciki har da saurin birane, ci gaba a kan filayen ambaliyar ruwa da filayen ruwa, da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na magudanar ruwa waɗanda ba su yi daidai da ci gaban birane kamar [[Nairobi|Nairobi ba]] . Masu bincike sun yi jayayya cewa waɗannan abubuwan, tare da raunin aiwatar da ƙa'idodin tsara amfani da ƙasa da lalata yankunan magudanar ruwa, sun ƙara tsananin tasirin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheConversationPoorUrban&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Sean |date=2 May 2024 |title=Kenya's devastating floods expose decades of poor urban planning and bad land management |url=https://theconversation.com/kenyas-devastating-floods-expose-decades-of-poor-urban-planning-and-bad-land-management-229015 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Simiyu |first=Mercy |date=7 March 2026 |title=Ignored warnings: How poor planning left Nairobi exposed to deadly floods |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/ignored-warnings-how-poor-planning-left-nairobi-exposed-to-deadly-floods-5383518#story |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Daily Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi Kenya a watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu na 2024, lokacin da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na makonni ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa a manyan sassan ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Musambi |first=Evelyne |date=8 May 2024 |title=Kenya declares public holiday to mourn flood victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511230135/https://apnews.com/article/kenya-flooding-ruto-nairobi-b9e4d4258e635f64cacb55b9e11a346b |archive-date=11 May 2024 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar ɗaruruwan mutane da kuma raba dubban ɗaruruwan mutane da gidajensu, yayin da ta lalata gidaje, gonaki da kayayyakin more rayuwa a ƙananan hukumomi da dama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2024 |title=Death toll from Kenya floods rises to 228 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-kenya-floods-rises-228-2024-05-05/ |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Reuters]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin ambaliyar ruwa ta shekarar 2026, [[Kenya Meteorological Department|Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Kenya]] ta fitar da gargadin a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2026, inda ta yi hasashen ruwan sama mai yawa a yankuna da dama na kasar. Shawarar ta nuna cewa ana sa ran ruwan sama da ya wuce milimita 20 cikin awanni 24 zai faru a wasu yankuna, ciki har da tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar da kuma yankin tafkin Victoria. Hukumomi sun yi gargadin cewa hasashen yanayi na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, rashin kyawun gani da sauran hadurra da suka shafi yanayi a yankunan da abin ya shafa. 
[[Fayil:ECDM_20260317_Ethiopia_Kenya.pdf|thumb|Taswirar Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta nuna tarin ruwan sama na 5-16 ga Maris da kuma girman ambaliyar ruwa]]
Ambaliyar ruwa ta fara ne a daren 6-7 ga Maris, 2026 bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a ranar 6 ga Maris ya sa Kogin Nairobi ya fashe a gefensa kuma ya mamaye hanyoyin birnin.  An tafi da motoci kuma an ceto masu ababen hawa da suka makale daga hanyoyin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye yayin da yawan ruwa ya karu da sauri a sassa da dama na birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt; Manyan hanyoyin sufuri da suka haɗa da titin Mombasa da [[Uhuru Highway|babbar hanyar Uhuru]] sun fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa, wanda ya haifar da katsewar zirga-zirga.  Ambaliyar ruwa ta kuma kawo cikas ga ayyukan [[Filin jirgin saman Nairobi|filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta na kasa da kasa]], wanda hakan ya tilasta wa wasu jirage su karkata zuwa [[Mombasa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt;

An kuma bayar da rahoton ambaliyar ruwa a wasu gundumomi da dama, ciki har da Bungoma, Kajiado, Kiambu, Kirinyaga, Kisumu, Kwale, Makueni, Migori, Murang'a, Nakuru, da Tharaka-Nithi .  An tallafawa ayyukan ceto ta hanyar wani martani na hukumomi da dama, wanda ya hada da tura rundunar ceto ta sojoji daga Rundunar Tsaron Kenya don taimakawa ayyukan gaggawa,  yayin da kungiyoyin agaji ciki har da Kungiyar Red Cross ta Kenya suka gudanar da ayyukan bincike da ceto tare da taimakawa mazauna da suka makale yayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta toshe hanyoyi da kuma katse zirga-zirga a fadin birnin. 

'Yan sanda sun bayar da rahoton cewa mutane 23 sun mutu a Nairobi sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da ta afku a daren jiya, inda wadanda abin ya shafa suka nutse ko kuma suka ji wa wutar lantarki rauni sakamakon lalacewar layukan wutar lantarki.  A ƙarshen 7 ga Maris, jami'an gwamnati sun ce adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 25 a duk fadin kasar, ciki har da yara biyu da suka mutu a gundumar Kitui. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mwenda |first=Kenneth |date=7 March 2026 |title=Death toll in Kenya floods rises to 25 as heavy rains continue |url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/death-toll-in-kenya-floods-rises-to-25-as-heavy-rains-continue |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=People Daily}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadanda abin ya shafa galibi sun mutu ne sakamakon nutsewa ko kuma gobarar wutar lantarki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters07March2026&quot; /&gt; Dubban mazauna birnin sun rasa matsugunansu sakamakon ambaliyar. A Nairobi kadai, kimanin gidaje 3,500 ne abin ya shafa, yayin da a gundumar Kisumu gidaje 381 suka jikkata bayan da [[Kogin Sondu Miriu|kogin Sondu-Miriu]] ya fashe.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kizito |first=Phidel |date=7 March 2026 |title=381 Households Affected by Floods after Sondu Miriu bursts its banks |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2026/03/381-households-affected-by-floods-after-sondu-miriu-bursts-its-banks/ |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Capital News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Maris, ayyukan ceto sun ci gaba yayin da ƙungiyoyin agajin gaggawa ke binciken unguwanni da ababen hawa da suka mamaye sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa don neman ƙarin waɗanda abin ya shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cheruiyot |first=Kevin |date=8 March 2026 |title=CS Ruku: 50,000 displaced by flood, 172 vehicles swept away |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/cs-ruku-50-000-displaced-by-flood-5384274 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Daily Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumomi sun yi gargaɗin cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu zai iya ƙaruwa yayin da ayyukan murmurewa ke ci gaba a yankunan da abin ya shafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheStar08Mar2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ombati |first=Cyrus |date=8 March 2026 |title=Death toll rises to 28 as foods ravage Nairobi, many still missing, police reveal |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-08-death-toll-rises-to-28-as-foods-ravage-nairobi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260308080447/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-08-death-toll-rises-to-28-as-foods-ravage-nairobi |archive-date=8 March 2026 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshen wannan rana, adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya kai 43, inda mutane 4,845 suka rasa matsugunansu, gidaje 10,000 kuma abin ya shafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;CitizenDigital08March2026&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kirui |first=Ben |date=8 March 2026 |title=Flood death toll rises to 43 as heavy rains wreak havoc across 16 counties |url=https://www.citizen.digital/article/flood-death-toll-rises-to-43-as-heavy-rains-wreak-havoc-across-16-counties-n378704 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Citizen Digital}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Maris, hukumomi sun sanar da cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 62, ciki har da maza 46, mata takwas, da yara takwas. 33 daga cikinsu suna Nairobi, 17 a yankin Gabas, da kuma bakwai a yankin Rift Valley . &lt;ref name=&quot;the-star&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2026 |title=Flood deaths rise to 62 as Nairobi bears the brunt |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2026-03-13-floods-disaster-death-toll-hits-62 |access-date=14 March 2026 |website=The Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 15 ga Maris, 'yan sanda sun bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane hudu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwan, wanda ya kara adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa 66. &lt;ref name=&quot;KTN YouTube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2026 |title=Kenya Flood Disaster: 66 dead as heavy rains wreak havoc in Nairobi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sT_6EbqFhMA |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=KTN News |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Joseph |last2=Kagoe |first2=Richard |date=2026-03-15 |title=Kenya floods leave 66 dead, as heavy rains continue in Nairobi |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz6e5eng03yo |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 18 ga Maris, hukumomi sun sanar da mutuwar mutane 71, 36 a yankin Nairobi, 19 a yankin Gabas, 8 a kwarin Rift, 4 a yankin Nyanza, 3 a bakin teku, da kuma daya a yankin Tsakiya.

A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, Hukumar 'Yan Sanda ta Kasa ta sabunta adadin wadanda suka mutu zuwa mutane 112. 

Kwanaki uku a jere na ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a ƙananan hukumomin Mombasa, irin su Changamwe, Jomvu, Kisauni, Likoni, Mvita da Nyali, sun haifar da ambaliyar ruwa a kwanakin da suka gabaci 24 ga Afrilu. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaura daga mutane 300 da kuma asarar dukiya. Kayayyakin more rayuwa da suka lalace sun haɗa da Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Inuka, Masallacin Al-Mandhry, ofishin Kwamishinan Yankin, matsugunin Tudor-Mworoto da sandunan wutar lantarki a Mtongwe.  An ceto 'yan ƙasar Tanzaniya biyu waɗanda ke cikin teku tun daga ranar 14 ga Afrilu a Bamburi Beach bayan da teku mai ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi ta tilasta wa jirgin ruwansu ya zame daga Tsibirin Pemba. &lt;ref name=&quot;300 people displaced&quot; /&gt;  Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta ba da rahoton ambaliyar ruwa a gundumar Kwale a daren 23 ga Afrilu, wanda ya shafi gidaje 5, tare da ɗauke da wani mai aikin boda boda da ke ƙoƙarin ketare gadar da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi wa barna. 

== Hasashen ==
Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Kenya ta yi hasashen cewa za a samu ruwan sama mai ƙarfi daga 20 ga Maris zuwa 23 ga Maris wanda zai ragu a ranar 24 ga Maris. 

Hasashen Yanayi na Sashen Yanayi na Afrilu 2026 ya yi hasashen cewa Afrilu zai fuskanci kololuwar ruwan sama. &lt;ref name=&quot;forecasts mixed April weather&quot; /&gt; Duk da haka, wasu sassan ƙasar za su sami lokacin bushewa, wasu kuma za su sami ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lastname, Firstname |date=31 March 2026 |title=Outlook For April, Review Of March And Outlook For The Next Three Months (April-May-June) 2026 |url=https://meteo.go.ke/documents/3140/April_2026_Forecast.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260403110926/https://meteo.go.ke/documents/3140/April_2026_Forecast.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2026 |access-date=3 April 2026 |website=www.meteo.go.ke |publisher=Ministry Of Environment, Climate Change And Forestry}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Zuwa ranar 7 ga Maris, ambaliyar ruwa ta yi awon gaba da motoci 71 a birnin Nairobi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2026 |title=Nairobi floods: 10 dead, 71 vehicles swept away |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xVxL_129PPE |access-date=30 April 2026 |website=YouTube |publisher=NTV Kenya |type=video}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zuwa ƙarshen Maris, an tabbatar da mutuwar akalla mutane 110 a cikin gundumomi 30, gidaje 6,953 da abin ya shafa sun kuma rasa matsuguni aƙalla mutane 34,765. 

A gundumar Mombasa, ambaliyar ruwa a kwanakin da suka gabata kafin 24 ga Afrilu ta haifar da matsuguni ga mutane 300, ciki har da iyalai 9, ta lalata akalla gidaje 103, ta kuma sa Asibitin Jomvu Model da kuma cibiyar lafiya ta yankin Tudor ba za a iya isa gare su ba.  

== Martani ==
Jami'an gwamnatin Kenya sun ce ana gudanar da ayyukan gaggawa tsakanin hukumomin ƙasa da na gundumomi yayin da ayyukan ceto da dawo da mutane ke ci gaba da gudana a yankunan da ambaliyar ta shafa.  A cikin wata sanarwa, Shugaba [[William Ruto]] ya ce gwamnatinsa &quot;tana goyon bayan duk wani ɗan ƙasa da abin ya shafa&quot; kuma tana &quot;aiwatar da hanzari don rage ƙarin wahala da kuma kare rayuka&quot;. Ruto ya yi alƙawarin biyan kuɗin kula da lafiya ga 'yan Kenya da ambaliyar ruwan ta shafa kuma ya amince cewa ƙasar tana buƙatar inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa don rage haɗarin irin waɗannan abubuwan a nan gaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Omondi |first=Ian |date=7 March 2026 |title=Ruto orders multi-agency response, release of relief food after deadly Nairobi floods |url=https://www.citizen.digital/article/ruto-orders-multi-agency-response-release-of-relief-food-after-deadly-nairobi-floods-n378649 |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=Citizen Digital}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumomin lafiya sun kuma yi gargaɗi game da ƙaruwar haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa, ciki har da kwalara da zazzabin cizon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|sauro]] bayan ambaliyar, suna masu ambaton damuwa game da gurɓataccen ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa ta tsaya cak. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olubowale Taiwo</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844788</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:20:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Olubowale Taiwo''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkar shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 J...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2057" sha1="25e1u26yt8yywc6p8541mv0wqbxrgl9" xml:space="preserve">'''Olubowale Taiwo''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkar shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Olubowale Taiwo ya shahara a fagen aikin lauya a Najeriya. A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Karrama Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya zaɓe shi cikin jerin lauyoyi 31 da aka ɗaga zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa a harkar lauya a ƙasar, kuma ana ba da shi ne ga waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewa da nagarta a aikin shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers elevated to SAN |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/31-lawyers-elevated-to-san/ |work=The Nation |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sanar da sunansa a hukumance tare da sauran sabbin SANs bayan zaman LPPC da aka gudanar a Abuja, inda aka bayyana cewa an zaɓe shi ne bisa cancanta da gudummawar da ya bayar ga aikin lauya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Breaking: 31 Lawyers Elevated to the rank of SAN (See Full List) |url=https://barristerng.com/breaking-31-lawyers-elevated-to-the-rank-of-sansee-full-list/ |work=BarristerNG |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
* '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' – 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria (full list) |url=https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html |work=Legit.ng |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taiwo, Olubowale}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen da ke raye]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chidi Nwaogu</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:24:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Chidi Nwaogu | image =  | birth_name = Dominic Chidiebere Nwaogu | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|20}} | birth_place = Lagos State, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | education = Jami'ar Lagos | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, ɗan fasahar kere-kere, injiniyan manhaja | known_for = Kafa Publiseer, Savvy da Efiwe }}  '''Chidi Nwaogu''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1990) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, ƙwararren injiniyan manhaja kuma ɗaya...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5069" sha1="dbfex2pqg5ean4hmk7rz2sziv2fevek" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Chidi Nwaogu
| image = 
| birth_name = Dominic Chidiebere Nwaogu
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|20}}
| birth_place = Lagos State, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| education = Jami'ar Lagos
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, ɗan fasahar kere-kere, injiniyan manhaja
| known_for = Kafa Publiseer, Savvy da Efiwe
}}

'''Chidi Nwaogu''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1990) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, ƙwararren injiniyan manhaja kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu kafa kamfanonin fasaha a Afirka. Ya shahara ne saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya kafa kamfanonin '''Publiseer''', '''Savvy''' da '''Efiwe''', waɗanda suka mayar da hankali wajen tallafawa masu fasaha, marubuta da matasa 'yan kasuwa a nahiyar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://chidi.xyz/ |title=Chidi Nwaogu |website=Chidi.xyz |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Chidi Nwaogu a jihar Lagos, Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa a Jami'ar Lagos inda ya samu ilimi a fannin da ya shafi fasahar sadarwa da ci gaban kasuwancin zamani. Tun yana matashi ya fara koyon shirye-shiryen kwamfuta (programming), kuma yana da shekaru 16 ya fara harkokin kasuwancin fasaha ta hanyar kirkirar wasannin bidiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://productschool.com/product-leaders/chidi-nwaogu |title=Chidi Nwaogu – Co-founder and CEO, Publiseer |website=Product School |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
=== LAGbook ===
A shekarar 2010, Chidi Nwaogu tare da ɗan'uwansa Chika Nwaogu suka kafa '''LAGbook''', wata kafar sada zumunta da aka kirkira a Najeriya. Dandalin ya samu masu amfani sama da miliyan ɗaya cikin shekaru uku kacal, kafin wani kamfanin fasaha daga ƙasar Kanada ya saye shi a shekarar 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://startupafricas.com/publiseer/ |title=Meet Chidi Nwaogu, Co-Founder and CEO at Publiseer |website=African Startup News |date=2021-10-15 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Publiseer ===
A shekarar 2017 ya kafa '''Publiseer''', kamfanin rarraba waƙoƙi, littattafai, fina-finai da sauran ayyukan fasaha na masu kirkire-kirkire daga Afirka. Kamfanin ya taimaka wa dubban marubuta, mawaka da masu shirya fina-finai wajen samun kuɗaɗen shiga daga ayyukansu. An bayyana Publiseer a wasu rahotanni a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan dandamalin wallafa abun ciki na dijital a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/technology/2021-foya-awards-nomination-thrills-chidi-nwaogu/ |title=2021 FOYA Awards Nomination Thrills Chidi Nwaogu |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har ila yau, International Finance Corporation (IFC) ta lissafta Publiseer cikin kamfanonin da za su iya saurin bunƙasa kirkire-kirkire a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://investorsking.com/2021/06/15/chidi-nwaogu-nominated-as-techpreneur-of-the-year-at-2021-foya-awards/ |title=Chidi Nwaogu Nominated As Techpreneur Of The Year At 2021 FOYA Awards |website=Investors King |date=2021-06-15 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Savvy ===
A shekarar 2020, Nwaogu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa '''Savvy''', wani shiri na duniya da ke koyarwa, tallafawa da kuma ba matasa masu son kafa kasuwanci damar samun horo da jagoranci. Shirin ya samu masu halarta daga ƙasashe sama da 150, kuma an gudanar da shi cikin harsuna fiye da 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/business-economy/technology/1499493-technigerian-tech-entrepreneur-chidi-nwaogu-receives-global-award-education-innovation/ |title=Nigerian Tech Entrepreneur Chidi Nwaogu Receives Global Award for Education Innovation |website=Legit.ng |date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2022, ƙungiyar '''HundrED''' ta zaɓi Savvy cikin sabbin shirye-shiryen ilimi guda 100 mafi tasiri a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/business-economy/technology/1499493-technigerian-tech-entrepreneur-chidi-nwaogu-receives-global-award-education-innovation/ |title=Nigerian Tech Entrepreneur Chidi Nwaogu Receives Global Award for Education Innovation |website=Legit.ng |date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Efiwe ===
A shekarar 2025, Nwaogu ya taimaka wajen kafa '''Efiwe''', wata manhaja da ke amfani da fasahar basirar na'ura (AI) wajen koyar da shirye-shiryen kwamfuta ta hanyar wayoyin hannu, musamman ga mutanen da ke yankunan da ke da ƙarancin damar samun kayan koyon fasaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://chidi.xyz/ |title=Chidi Nwaogu |website=Chidi.xyz |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobi da yabo ==
Nwaogu ya samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a harkar fasaha da kasuwanci. Daga cikinsu akwai:

* '''Migration Entrepreneurship Prize''' na gwamnatin Switzerland (2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/technology/nwaogu-wins-2020-itu-global-innovation-challenge/ |title=Nwaogu Wins 2020 ITU Global Innovation Challenge |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2020-11-03 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Africa's Business Heroes Prize''' wanda gidauniyar Jack Ma ta bayar (2021).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://startup</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Johnel Nnamani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844791</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:26:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Johnel Nnamani | image = | birth_name = Nnamani Chimaobi John | other_names = Johnel NG | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai shirya waƙoƙi, shugaban kamfani | years_active = 2020–yanzu | known_for = Kafa da jagorantar Nnamani Music Group }}  '''Johnel Nnamani''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Johnel NG''') ɗan kasuwa ne na Najeriya, mai shirya waƙoƙi kuma shugaban kamfani. Ya shahara ne a matsayin wanda ya haɗa hannu wajen...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4503" sha1="scn6cpxw733v8pd3cwuxp4bma0m69q6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Johnel Nnamani
| image =
| birth_name = Nnamani Chimaobi John
| other_names = Johnel NG
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai shirya waƙoƙi, shugaban kamfani
| years_active = 2020–yanzu
| known_for = Kafa da jagorantar Nnamani Music Group
}}

'''Johnel Nnamani''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Johnel NG''') ɗan kasuwa ne na Najeriya, mai shirya waƙoƙi kuma shugaban kamfani. Ya shahara ne a matsayin wanda ya haɗa hannu wajen kafa kuma Babban Daraktan Gudanarwa (CEO) na ''Nnamani Music Group'' (NMG), kamfanin da ke gudanar da harkokin rarraba waƙoƙi, wallafa haƙƙin mallakar waƙoƙi da tallata masu fasaha a Afirka da sauran sassan duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nnamani Music Group: A Look at Label's Innovative Approach |work=THISDAY |date=2024-04-13 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/13/nnamani-music-group-a-look-at-labels-innovative}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johnel Nnamani |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnel_Nnamani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Ba a samu cikakkun bayanai na jama'a game da ranar haihuwa da farkon rayuwar Johnel Nnamani ba. Kafin ya shiga harkokin gudanar da kasuwancin kiɗa, ya fara ne a matsayin mawaki mai zaman kansa da sunan '''Johnel NG''', inda ya rika fitar da waƙoƙi da ayyukan nishaɗi a farkon shekarun 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johnel Nnamani |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnel_Nnamani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
A shekarar 2023, Johnel Nnamani tare da 'yar uwarsa, '''Nnamani Grace Odi''', suka kafa '''Nnamani Music Group (NMG)'''. Kamfanin ya fara ne a matsayin cibiyar tallafawa masu waƙa masu zaman kansu wajen rarraba waƙoƙinsu da kula da haƙƙin mallaka, kafin daga baya ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa zuwa wallafa waƙoƙi, ba da lasisi, talla da gudanar da harkokin fasaha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nnamani Music Group: A Look at Label's Innovative Approach |work=THISDAY |date=2024-04-13 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/13/nnamani-music-group-a-look-at-labels-innovative}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wata hira da aka wallafa a jaridar ''THISDAY'', Nnamani ya bayyana cewa manufar kamfanin ita ce taimakawa matasa masu fasaha su dace da sabbin sauye-sauyen da masana'antar kiɗa ke fuskanta a zamanin dijital.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nnamani Music Group: A Look at Label's Innovative Approach |work=THISDAY |date=2024-04-13 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/13/nnamani-music-group-a-look-at-labels-innovative}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnamani Music Group ==
Nnamani Music Group ya zama ɗaya daga cikin sabbin kamfanonin kiɗa na Najeriya da ke mayar da hankali kan tallafawa masu fasaha masu zaman kansu. Kamfanin yana ba da ayyuka kamar:

* Rarraba waƙoƙi ta dandamalin dijital.
* Gudanar da haƙƙin mallakar waƙoƙi.
* Tallata waƙoƙi da masu fasaha.
* Samar da damar lasisin amfani da waƙoƙi a kasuwannin duniya.

A cewar rahotanni, kamfanin ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban da suka haɗa da Najeriya, Kanada da wasu yankunan Caribbean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How NMG is Building Model for African Independent Music |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2026-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nnamani Music Group |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnamani_Music_Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jagoranci ==
A matsayinsa na shugaban kamfanin, Johnel Nnamani ya jagoranci canjin NMG daga ƙaramin kamfanin rikodin waƙoƙi zuwa cikakken kamfanin fasahar kiɗa. A shekarar 2025, kamfanin ya ɗauki Trinisha Browne a matsayin shugabar sashen Artist and Repertoire (A&amp;R), matakin da aka bayyana a matsayin wani ɓangare na faɗaɗa ayyukan kamfanin a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johnel Nnamani |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnel_Nnamani}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Ana kallon Johnel Nnamani a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sabbin matasan 'yan kasuwar Najeriya da ke amfani da fasaha wajen bunƙasa masana'antar kiɗa ta Afirka. Ayyukansa sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan samar da damar kasuwanci ga masu waƙa masu zaman kansu da kuma taimaka musu wajen samun kuɗaɗen haƙƙin mallakar ayyukansu daga kasuwannin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How NMG is Building Model for African Independent Music |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2026-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Masana'antar Kiɗa ta Najeriya]]
* [[Masu kasuwanci na Najeriya]]
* [[Nnamani Music Group]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:'Yan kasuwan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu shirya waƙoƙi na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Shugabannin kamfanoni na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Kogin Klip (Gauteng)</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341584379|Klip River (Gauteng)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Klip'''  shine babban kogin da ke zubar da yankin [[Johannesburg]] a kudancin Witwatersrand, kuma yankin ruwansa ya haɗa da Johannesburg CBD da Soweto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Klip Basin map |url=http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505170929/http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |archive-date=2005-05-05 |access-date=2014-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bakin kogin yana Vereeniging inda yake kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]],  wanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ga [[Kogin Orange]]. Bayan Vereeniging, sauran garuruwan da ke gefen kogin sun haɗa da Henley a kan Klip, Lenasia da Meyerton.

== Gidan Kidson ==
'''Kidson Weir''' wani yanki ne da ke ƙauyen Henley a kan Klip a kan kogin Klip a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan Fenning Kidson, jikan wani mazaunin ƙasar a shekarar 1820. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip - Water Dams on Waymarking.com |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9GNT_Kidson_Weir_Henley_on_Klip |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Groundspeak, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Kidson_Wier_in_Henley_on_Klip.jpg|thumb|Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir_-_January_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Janairu 2010]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir,_Dec_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Disamba 2010]]

=== Tarihi ===
Fenning ya yi karatu a Ingila, amma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu yana matashi kuma ya zama mai hawa mota, wanda ya yi zamani da Sir Percy FitzPatrick. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ɓarkewar Yaƙin Anglo Boer, labari ya zo wa Kidson cewa wani kwamandan sojoji yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gonarsa don kama shi. A ƙarƙashin hancin Boers, ya tsere, yana hawa siket ɗin gefe, ginshiƙinsa ya cika da halin hawa motar matarsa. Daga ƙarshe ya nufi Natal, amma ya koma Transvaal bayan yaƙin, ya zauna a Henley a kan Klip tare da matarsa, Edith. Gidan dangin an sanya masa suna Tilham, wanda shine gidan sarauta a kan kogin da ke kusurwar Regatta da Titin Shillingford. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Henley on Klip |url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=The South Entertainment, September 2004, Issue No.59}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A yau ===
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2010, ƙauyen Henley da ke kan Klip ya fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa, bayan haka aka yanke shawarar yin wasu ayyuka don inganta rufin. A watan Janairun 2012 an fara aikin gyaran bututun da ke gefen yamma na rufin. A watan Maris na shekarar 2012 an tsara tsare-tsare don gina sabuwar gada a kan rufin.  

== Damuwar muhalli ==
An gano cewa yanayin dausayin kogin Klip da ke Lenasia, Soweto da kewaye yana da yawan sinadarin hydrocarbons masu kama da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) waɗanda [[kwararar ruwa]] daga gonaki da masana'antu da sharar birane ke haifarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mabuza |first=Ernest |title=University researchers uncover toxic legacy in Klip River |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-03-25-university-researchers-uncover-toxic-legacy-in-klip-river/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahotanni a shekarar 2016 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2016-06-01 |title=Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic ecosystems of Soweto/Lenasia |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2242-1-16.pdf |journal=Water Research Commission |volume=2242 |issue=16 |isbn=978-1-4312-0801-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma a shekarar 2025 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Makobe |first=Samuel |last2=Seopela |first2=Mathapelo P. |last3=Ambushe |first3=Abayneh A. |date=2025-02-08 |title=Seasonal variations, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Klip River, Johannesburg, South Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=en |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=257 |doi=10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |issn=1573-2959 |pmc=11807025 |pmid=39921783}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun nuna yawan PAHs a cikin kifaye, halittu masu ƙashi, tsirrai, da kuma a cikin laka na ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; : 99, 78 Tsoffin kifayen Zebrafish sun fuskanci mummunan lahani, jinkirin kyankyaso da kuma mace-mace kashi 80%. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* Kogin Jukskei

== Manazarta ==
Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)Klip River (Gauteng)
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.henley-on-klip.co.za HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111111114651/http://www.communitypages.co.za/index.php?option=com_sobi2&amp;catid=71&amp;Itemid=56 Shafukan al'umma] - Henley akan Klip
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'''Kogin Klip'''  shine babban kogin da ke zubar da yankin [[Johannesburg]] a kudancin Witwatersrand, kuma yankin ruwansa ya haɗa da Johannesburg CBD da Soweto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Klip Basin map |url=http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505170929/http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |archive-date=2005-05-05 |access-date=2014-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bakin kogin yana Vereeniging inda yake kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]],  wanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ga [[Kogin Orange]]. Bayan Vereeniging, sauran garuruwan da ke gefen kogin sun haɗa da Henley a kan Klip, Lenasia da Meyerton.

== Gidan Kidson ==
'''Kidson Weir''' wani yanki ne da ke ƙauyen Henley a kan Klip a kan kogin Klip a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan Fenning Kidson, jikan wani mazaunin ƙasar a shekarar 1820. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip - Water Dams on Waymarking.com |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9GNT_Kidson_Weir_Henley_on_Klip |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Groundspeak, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Kidson_Wier_in_Henley_on_Klip.jpg|thumb|Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir_-_January_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Janairu 2010]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir,_Dec_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Disamba 2010]]

=== Tarihi ===
Fenning ya yi karatu a Ingila, amma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu yana matashi kuma ya zama mai hawa mota, wanda ya yi zamani da Sir Percy FitzPatrick. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ɓarkewar Yaƙin Anglo Boer, labari ya zo wa Kidson cewa wani kwamandan sojoji yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gonarsa don kama shi. A ƙarƙashin hancin Boers, ya tsere, yana hawa siket ɗin gefe, ginshiƙinsa ya cika da halin hawa motar matarsa. Daga ƙarshe ya nufi Natal, amma ya koma Transvaal bayan yaƙin, ya zauna a Henley a kan Klip tare da matarsa, Edith. Gidan dangin an sanya masa suna Tilham, wanda shine gidan sarauta a kan kogin da ke kusurwar Regatta da Titin Shillingford. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Henley on Klip |url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=The South Entertainment, September 2004, Issue No.59}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A yau ===
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2010, ƙauyen Henley da ke kan Klip ya fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa, bayan haka aka yanke shawarar yin wasu ayyuka don inganta rufin. A watan Janairun 2012 an fara aikin gyaran bututun da ke gefen yamma na rufin. A watan Maris na shekarar 2012 an tsara tsare-tsare don gina sabuwar gada a kan rufin.  

== Damuwar muhalli ==
An gano cewa yanayin dausayin kogin Klip da ke Lenasia, Soweto da kewaye yana da yawan sinadarin hydrocarbons masu kama da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) waɗanda [[kwararar ruwa]] daga gonaki da masana'antu da sharar birane ke haifarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mabuza |first=Ernest |title=University researchers uncover toxic legacy in Klip River |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-03-25-university-researchers-uncover-toxic-legacy-in-klip-river/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahotanni a shekarar 2016 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2016-06-01 |title=Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic ecosystems of Soweto/Lenasia |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2242-1-16.pdf |journal=Water Research Commission |volume=2242 |issue=16 |isbn=978-1-4312-0801-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma a shekarar 2025 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Makobe |first=Samuel |last2=Seopela |first2=Mathapelo P. |last3=Ambushe |first3=Abayneh A. |date=2025-02-08 |title=Seasonal variations, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Klip River, Johannesburg, South Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=en |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=257 |doi=10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |issn=1573-2959 |pmc=11807025 |pmid=39921783}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun nuna yawan PAHs a cikin kifaye, halittu masu ƙashi, tsirrai, da kuma a cikin laka na ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; : 99, 78 Tsoffin kifayen Zebrafish sun fuskanci mummunan lahani, jinkirin kyankyaso da kuma mace-mace kashi 80%. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* Kogin Jukskei

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.henley-on-klip.co.za HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111111114651/http://www.communitypages.co.za/index.php?option=com_sobi2&amp;catid=71&amp;Itemid=56 Shafukan al'umma] - Henley akan Klip
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
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'''Kogin Klip'''  shine babban kogin da ke zubar da yankin [[Johannesburg]] a kudancin Witwatersrand, kuma yankin ruwansa ya haɗa da Johannesburg CBD da Soweto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Klip Basin map |url=http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505170929/http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF |archive-date=2005-05-05 |access-date=2014-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bakin kogin yana Vereeniging inda yake kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Vaal]],  wanda ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ga [[Kogin Orange]]. Bayan Vereeniging, sauran garuruwan da ke gefen kogin sun haɗa da Henley a kan Klip, Lenasia da Meyerton.

== Gidan Kidson ==
'''Kidson Weir''' wani yanki ne da ke ƙauyen Henley a kan Klip a kan kogin Klip a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan Fenning Kidson, jikan wani mazaunin ƙasar a shekarar 1820. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip - Water Dams on Waymarking.com |url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9GNT_Kidson_Weir_Henley_on_Klip |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Groundspeak, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Kidson_Wier_in_Henley_on_Klip.jpg|thumb|Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir_-_January_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Janairu 2010]]
[[Fayil:Flooding_at_the_Kidson_Weir,_Dec_2010.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar Ruwa a Kidson Weir - Disamba 2010]]

=== Tarihi ===
Fenning ya yi karatu a Ingila, amma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu yana matashi kuma ya zama mai hawa mota, wanda ya yi zamani da Sir Percy FitzPatrick. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ɓarkewar Yaƙin Anglo Boer, labari ya zo wa Kidson cewa wani kwamandan sojoji yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gonarsa don kama shi. A ƙarƙashin hancin Boers, ya tsere, yana hawa siket ɗin gefe, ginshiƙinsa ya cika da halin hawa motar matarsa. Daga ƙarshe ya nufi Natal, amma ya koma Transvaal bayan yaƙin, ya zauna a Henley a kan Klip tare da matarsa, Edith. Gidan dangin an sanya masa suna Tilham, wanda shine gidan sarauta a kan kogin da ke kusurwar Regatta da Titin Shillingford. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Henley on Klip |url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=The South Entertainment, September 2004, Issue No.59}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== A yau ===
A watan Disamba na shekarar 2010, ƙauyen Henley da ke kan Klip ya fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa, bayan haka aka yanke shawarar yin wasu ayyuka don inganta rufin. A watan Janairun 2012 an fara aikin gyaran bututun da ke gefen yamma na rufin. A watan Maris na shekarar 2012 an tsara tsare-tsare don gina sabuwar gada a kan rufin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Damuwar muhalli ==
An gano cewa yanayin dausayin kogin Klip da ke Lenasia, Soweto da kewaye yana da yawan sinadarin hydrocarbons masu kama da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) waɗanda [[kwararar ruwa]] daga gonaki da masana'antu da sharar birane ke haifarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mabuza |first=Ernest |title=University researchers uncover toxic legacy in Klip River |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-03-25-university-researchers-uncover-toxic-legacy-in-klip-river/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahotanni a shekarar 2016 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2016-06-01 |title=Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic ecosystems of Soweto/Lenasia |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2242-1-16.pdf |journal=Water Research Commission |volume=2242 |issue=16 |isbn=978-1-4312-0801-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma a shekarar 2025 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Makobe |first=Samuel |last2=Seopela |first2=Mathapelo P. |last3=Ambushe |first3=Abayneh A. |date=2025-02-08 |title=Seasonal variations, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Klip River, Johannesburg, South Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=en |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=257 |doi=10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 |issn=1573-2959 |pmc=11807025 |pmid=39921783}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun nuna yawan PAHs a cikin kifaye, halittu masu ƙashi, tsirrai, da kuma a cikin laka na ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; : 99, 78 Tsoffin kifayen Zebrafish sun fuskanci mummunan lahani, jinkirin kyankyaso da kuma mace-mace kashi 80%. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* Kogin Jukskei

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.henley-on-klip.co.za HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 HENLEY-ON-KLIP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111111114651/http://www.communitypages.co.za/index.php?option=com_sobi2&amp;catid=71&amp;Itemid=56 Shafukan al'umma] - Henley akan Klip
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  <page>
    <title>Grace Odi Nnamani</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:28:54Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Grace Odi Nnamani | image = | birth_name = Nnamani Grace Odinakachukwu | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|5|9}} | birth_place = Lagos, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, marubuciya, shugabar harkokin nishaɗi | years_active = 2020–yanzu | known_for = Kafa Grandihub da haɗa-kafa Nnamani Music Group }}  '''Grace Odi Nnamani''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2001), wadda aka fi sani da '''Grace Grandi''', 'yar kas...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4940" sha1="85b5iin93c3jeyh8p9hqrvdkeuzp25k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Grace Odi Nnamani
| image =
| birth_name = Nnamani Grace Odinakachukwu
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|5|9}}
| birth_place = Lagos, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, marubuciya, shugabar harkokin nishaɗi
| years_active = 2020–yanzu
| known_for = Kafa Grandihub da haɗa-kafa Nnamani Music Group
}}

'''Grace Odi Nnamani''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2001), wadda aka fi sani da '''Grace Grandi''', 'yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya, marubuciya kuma shugabar harkokin nishaɗi. Ta shahara ne saboda kafa kamfanin watsa labarai da ƙirƙirar abun ciki na '''Grandihub''' da kuma kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''Nnamani Music Group (NMG)''', kamfanin da ke gudanar da rarraba waƙoƙi, wallafa haƙƙin kiɗa da gudanar da harkokin masu fasaha a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How Nnamani Grace Odi is rewriting the creative blueprint |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/how-nnamani-grace-odi-is-rewriting-the-creative-blueprint/ |work=The Lagos Review |date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Grace Odi Nnamani a Lagos, Najeriya, a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2001. Ta taso tana da sha'awar rubuce-rubuce da harkokin ƙirƙira tun tana matashiya. Ta yi karatu a '''National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN)''', inda ta haɗa karatun jami'a da ayyukanta na rubuce-rubuce da shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The Story of Grandihub |work=ThisDay |date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnamani_Grace_Odi |title=Nnamani Grace Odi |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon sana'a ==
Nnamani ta fara shiga harkar ƙirƙirar labarai da rubuta fina-finai a farkon shekarun 2020. Ta yi aiki wajen rubuta labarai da miƙa su ga masu shirya fina-finai da daraktoci a masana'antar Nollywood. A wannan lokaci ne ta fara gina suna a matsayin marubuciya mai amfani da sunan ''Grandi''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How Nnamani Grace Odi is rewriting the creative blueprint |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/how-nnamani-grace-odi-is-rewriting-the-creative-blueprint/ |work=The Lagos Review |date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Grandihub ==
A shekarar 2020, ta kafa '''Grandihub''', wani kamfani da ke taimaka wa marubuta, masu shirya fina-finai da sauran masu fasaha wajen samarwa da rarraba ayyukan kirkira. Kamfanin ya mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce, shirye-shiryen fina-finai da wallafa abun ciki na dijital.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=The Story of Grandihub |work=ThisDay |date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnamani Music Group ==
A shekarar 2023, Grace Odi Nnamani tare da ɗan'uwanta '''Johnel Nnamani''' suka kafa '''Nnamani Music Group (NMG)'''. Kamfanin yana aiki a fannin rarraba waƙoƙi, gudanar da haƙƙin mallakar kiɗa, tattara kuɗaɗen lasisi da kuma tallafawa masu fasaha masu zaman kansu a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nnamani Music Group launches platform to support independent rights holders |work=BusinessDay |date=2024-07-28 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahoton ''The Guardian'', kamfanin ya yi fice wajen samar da hanyoyin da ke taimakawa mawaka da masu shirya kiɗa wajen samun kuɗaɗen haƙƙinsu daga dandamalin dijital da sauran hanyoyin amfani da kiɗa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How NMG is building model for African independent music |work=The Guardian (Nigeria) |date=2026-01-03 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Baya ga harkokin kasuwanci, Nnamani marubuciya ce ta adabi. A shekarar 2025 ta wallafa littafin '''''The Beast of Green Manor''''', wani labarin almara da ya mayar da hankali kan al'amuran iyali, gado da gano tarihin zuri'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=10 Writers Remaking African Literature in 2026 |date=2026-02-25 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
A shekarar 2025, '''Recording Academy''' (Grammy Awards) ta haɗa sunan Grace Odi Nnamani cikin jerin mata masu tasiri da ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa harkokin kiɗa a Afirka. Rahoton ya yaba da gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen tallafawa mawaka masu zaman kansu da kuma faɗaɗa damar kiɗan Afirka a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=13 Women Shaping African Music At The Recording Academy &amp; Beyond |work=Grammy Awards |date=2025-09-08 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Grace Odi Nnamani 'yar'uwar ɗan kasuwa kuma mai shirya kiɗa '''Johnel Nnamani''' ce. Su biyun ne suka kafa Nnamani Music Group a shekarar 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Music Executive Johnel Launches Record Label, Publishing Company |work=The Will |date=2024-06-01 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Nigerian writers]]
[[Category:People from Lagos]]
[[Category:Women in business]]
[[Category:Nigerian women writers]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu | birth_date =  | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), Solicitor General na Jihar Edo, Attorney General na Jihar Edo | alma_mater =  }}  '''Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin '''Solicitor General''' da kuma '''Permanent Secretary''' a Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo. Daga baya ya zama '''Attorney G...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5521" sha1="kdvw5bru9c7p7o7jkokcta1e5gwd4t1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), Solicitor General na Jihar Edo, Attorney General na Jihar Edo
| alma_mater = 
}}

'''Oluwole Osamudianie Iyamu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin '''Solicitor General''' da kuma '''Permanent Secretary''' a Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo. Daga baya ya zama '''Attorney General''' kuma Kwamishinan Shari’a na Jihar Edo. An san shi a harkar shari’a a Najeriya bayan samun matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda yana daga cikin manyan mukamai da ake bai wa lauyoyi a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Oluwole Osamudiamen Iyamu, Solicitor General of Edo State has just been made SAN |url=https://tlivemedia.com/2018/07/12/oluwole-osamudiamen-iyamu-solicitor-general-of-edo-state-has-just-be-made-san/ |work=TLive Media |date=12 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar aiki ==

Iyamu ya yi aiki a Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo inda ya riƙe muƙamin '''Solicitor General''' da kuma '''Permanent Secretary'''. A wata sanarwa da ya fitar yayin zaɓen shugabancin Kungiyar Lauyoyin Najeriya (NBA) a shekarar 2020, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria kuma Solicitor General da Permanent Secretary na Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta Jihar Edo. Haka kuma ya bayyana cewa kafin shiga aikin gwamnati ya kasance cikin harkar lauya mai zaman kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Olumide Akpata Personifies Excellence In Service Delivery - Oluwole Iyamu SAN Endorses Akpata |url=https://barristerng.com/olumide-akpata-personifies-excellence-in-service-delivery-oluwole-iyamu-san-endorses-akpata-for-nba-president/ |website=BarristerNG |date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Olumide Akpata Is Tried And Tested&quot; - Oluwole Iyamu SAN Backs Olu For NBA President |url=https://www.lawyard.org/opinions/olumide-akpata-is-tried-and-tested-oluwole-iyamu-san-backs-olu-for-nba-president/ |website=Lawyard |date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin '''Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee (LPPC)''' ya sanya sunansa cikin jerin lauyoyi 31 da aka ba matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda gudummawarsu ga ci gaban aikin shari’a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full List of New Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) In 2018 |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/full-list-of-new-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-in-2018/ |website=Media Nigeria |date=6 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iyamu ya kuma taka rawa a harkokin gyaran dokoki a Jihar Edo. A wata shari’a da aka gudanar a Babbar Kotun Jihar Edo, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin lauya kuma shugaban '''Edo State Law Review Committee''', kwamitin da ke nazari da sake duba dokokin jihar domin inganta tsarin shari’a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Suit No. B/769/2011: Dr. Pius Odubu Vs Roobbs Communication Network Ltd &amp; Others |url=https://edojudiciary.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Suit-No-B-769-2011-Dr-Pius-Odubu-Vs-Roobbs-Communication-Network-Ltd-3-Others.pdf |website=Edo State Judiciary}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Attorney General na Jihar Edo ==

Bayan aikinsa a matsayin Solicitor General, an naɗa Iyamu a matsayin '''Attorney General''' kuma Kwamishinan Shari’a na Jihar Edo. A wannan matsayi yana kula da harkokin shari’a na gwamnatin jihar tare da bayar da shawara kan batutuwan doka da kundin tsarin mulki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Buhari approves appointment of Edo Justice Commissioner, Iyamu, to Governing Board of Legal Aid Council |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |work=The Conclave |date=21 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naɗin Hukumar Legal Aid Council ==

A shekarar 2023, Shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya amince da naɗin Oluwole Iyamu a matsayin mamba a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta '''Legal Aid Council of Nigeria'''. Naɗin ya kasance na tsawon shekaru uku, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin wani mataki na ƙara amfani da ƙwarewarsa wajen bunƙasa ayyukan shari’a da taimakon doka ga al’umma a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Buhari approves appointment of Edo Justice Commissioner, Iyamu, to Governing Board of Legal Aid Council |url=https://www.theconclaveng.com/buhari-approves-appointment-of-edo-justice-commissioner-iyamu-to-governing-board-of-legal-aid-council/ |work=The Conclave |date=21 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Buhari Appoints Edo Attorney-General, Iyamu Member, Legal Aid Council Of Nigeria Governing Board |url=https://www.alltimepost.com/buhari-appoints-edo-attorney-general-iyamu-member-legal-aid-council-of-nigeria-governing-board/ |work=Alltimepost |date=21 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
* [[Nigerian Bar Association]]
* [[Edo State Ministry of Justice]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iyamu, Oluwole Osamudianie}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Edo State]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>. Lawrence Omole</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844796</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:30:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Lawrence Omole | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|10|11}} | birth_place = Ilesha, yankin Yammacin Najeriya (yanzu a Jihar Osun) | death_date = {{death date and age|2008|11|14|1915|10|11}} | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana'antu, mai taimakon al'umma | known_for = Kasuwancin koko, harkokin sufuri, da kafa masana'antu a Ijeshaland }}  '''Lawrence Omole''' (11 Oktoba 1915 – 14 Nuwamba 2008) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ma...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5903" sha1="r80cpxkavpci0bzwqn888rbywdzs5zt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Lawrence Omole
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|10|11}}
| birth_place = Ilesha, yankin Yammacin Najeriya (yanzu a Jihar Osun)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|11|14|1915|10|11}}
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana'antu, mai taimakon al'umma
| known_for = Kasuwancin koko, harkokin sufuri, da kafa masana'antu a Ijeshaland
}}

'''Lawrence Omole''' (11 Oktoba 1915 – 14 Nuwamba 2008) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana'antu daga Najeriya wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa masana'antu da kasuwanci a yankin Ijesha da kuma Najeriya baki ɗaya. Ya yi fice a harkokin cinikin koko, sufuri, gidaje da kuma zuba jari a masana'antu. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwar Yarbawa da suka taimaka wajen haɓaka kamfanonin 'yan asalin Najeriya a lokacin bayan mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Lawrence Omole a garin Ilesha, a yankin da yanzu yake cikin Jihar Osun. Mahaifinsa, Abdul-Raheem Omole, ma'aikacin layin dogo ne wanda ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan kula da layin jirgin ƙasa. Saboda matsalolin kuɗi a gida, Omole bai samu damar kammala karatun firamare ba, inda daga shekarar 1928 zuwa 1935 ya yi aiki a gonar mahaifinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Farkon kasuwanci ==
Bayan barin aikin noma, ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardan sayen kayan amfanin gona ga wasu attajiran 'yan kasuwa. Daga baya ya shiga harkar saye da sayar da koko, inda ya samu ƙwarewa sosai. A shekarar 1945 ya fara aiki da kamfanin United Africa Company (UAC) a matsayin mai sayen amfanin gona.

A shekarar 1947 ya samu riba mai yawa bayan ya adana koko lokacin da farashinsa ya yi ƙasa sannan ya sayar bayan ya yi tashin gwauron zabi. Da kuɗin da ya samu ne ya sayi motarsa ta farko ta kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kamfanin sufuri da kasuwanci ==
A shekarar 1951, Omole ya kafa '''Omole Transport Service''', wani kamfanin sufuri da ke haɗa Ilesha da manyan biranen Yammacin Najeriya kamar Ibadan, Lagos da Onitsha. Kamfanin ya bunƙasa cikin sauri kuma ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa zirga-zirgar kasuwanci a yankin.

A shekarar 1957 ya haɗa harkokin sufuri da kasuwancin amfanin gona ya kafa '''Lawrence Omole and Sons Limited'''. Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin 'yan asalin Najeriya a lokacin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin masana'antu ==
Lawrence Omole ya kasance mai hangen nesa wajen bunƙasa masana'antu a yankin Ijesha. A shekarun 1960 ya taimaka wajen kafa '''Ijesa Planning Council''', wata ƙungiya da manufarta ita ce jawo ci gaban masana'antu zuwa yankin.

A shekarar 1978, tare da wasu manyan 'yan kasuwa da masu ruwa da tsaki, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa '''International Breweries Limited''' a Ilesha. Wannan kamfani ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun giya a Najeriya kuma ya samar da dubban ayyukan yi kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma zuba jari a:
* Harkokin gidaje
* Noma
* Sarrafa hatsi
* Kamfanonin filastik
* Hannayen jari a kamfanoni da bankuna daban-daban

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan al'umma ==
Omole ya kasance mai taimakon jama'a sosai. A shekarar 1985 iyalinsa suka ƙaddamar da '''Dr. Lawrence Omole Foundation''', wata gidauniya da ta tallafa wa ilimi da lafiya ta hanyar bayar da tallafin karatu da gina ɗakunan karatu da cibiyoyin lafiya.

An kuma san shi da tallafa wa ƙungiyoyin addinin Musulunci da Kiristanci ba tare da nuna bambanci ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/lawrence-omole-the-industrialist-who-loved-both-christians-and-muslims/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Lawrence Omole ya rasu a ranar 14 Nuwamba 2008 yana da shekaru 93. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ya rasu bayan ya kammala ibadarsa ta safiya. Mutuwarsa ta kasance babban rashi ga al'ummar Ijesha da Najeriya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lawrence Omole |website=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Omole}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gadonsa ==
Ana tuna Lawrence Omole a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen gina tattalin arzikin ƙasar ta hanyar cinikayya, sufuri da masana'antu. Nasarorinsa sun zama abin koyi ga ƙarni na gaba na 'yan kasuwa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=LAWRENCE OMOLE: The Industrialist Who Loved Both Christians And Muslims |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=21 Maris 2015 |</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adekola Adeyeye Olawoye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844798</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Adekola Adeyeye Olawoye''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya yi suna a harkar shari'a a Najeriya, musamman a matsayin Babban Lauyan Jihar Ondo kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a na jihar kafin sauya masa aiki a shekarar 2020. An kuma san shi da kasancewa cikin jerin lauyoyin da aka ba lambar girma ta SAN a shekarar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Law School DG, Ondo AG, LASU VC, others named SANs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/law-school-dg-ondo-a...</comment>
      <origin>844798</origin>
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      <text bytes="5024" sha1="j0goczk9hx7ek0jx75odewdyim7m8cf" xml:space="preserve">'''Adekola Adeyeye Olawoye''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya yi suna a harkar shari'a a Najeriya, musamman a matsayin Babban Lauyan Jihar Ondo kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a na jihar kafin sauya masa aiki a shekarar 2020. An kuma san shi da kasancewa cikin jerin lauyoyin da aka ba lambar girma ta SAN a shekarar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Law School DG, Ondo AG, LASU VC, others named SANs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/law-school-dg-ondo-ag-lasu-vc-others-named-sans/ |work=The Nation |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=LPPC promotes 31 lawyers to the rank of SAN |url=https://dailytimesng.com/lppc-promotes-31-lawyers-rank-san/ |work=Daily Times Nigeria |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Adekola Adeyeye Olawoye a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 1954 a garin Owo da ke Jihar Ondo, Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a St. Francis Catholic Primary School da St. Stephen’s Catholic Primary School da ke Owo. Daga baya ya halarci St. Louis Modern School da Owo High School. Ya ci gaba da karatu a Advanced Teacher’s College da ke Ijanikin a Legas kafin ya shiga Jami'ar Ife (wadda yanzu ake kira Obafemi Awolowo University) da kuma Nigerian Law School da ke Legas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Striking Story On Ondo New Cabinet Members’ Profiles |url=https://citymirrornews.com/news/2017/04/striking-story-on-ondo-new-cabinet-members-profiles/ |work=CityMirrorNews |date=4 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Kafin ya zama lauya, Olawoye ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rubuce-rubuce a Babbar Kotun Jihar Legas da ke Tafawa Balewa Square. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin Oceanic and Marine Services Ltd da ke Apapa, Legas. Bayan haka ya yi aikin koyarwa a Owo High School da ke Owo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Striking Story On Ondo New Cabinet Members’ Profiles |url=https://citymirrornews.com/news/2017/04/striking-story-on-ondo-new-cabinet-members-profiles/ |work=CityMirrorNews |date=4 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan kammala karatun lauya, ya yi aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Afe Babalola &amp; Co. Legal Practitioners kafin ya kafa ofishinsa mai zaman kansa mai suna '''Kola Olawoye &amp; Co.'''. Ya kasance memba na Nigerian Bar Association (NBA) kuma ya taka rawa a harkokin shari'a da gudanarwa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Striking Story On Ondo New Cabinet Members’ Profiles |url=https://citymirrornews.com/news/2017/04/striking-story-on-ondo-new-cabinet-members-profiles/ |work=CityMirrorNews |date=4 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin gwamnati ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Gwamna Oluwarotimi Akeredolu a Jihar Ondo, Olawoye ya kasance Babban Lauyan Jihar Ondo (Attorney-General) kuma Kwamishinan Shari'a. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'an gwamnatin jihar masu kula da harkokin doka da shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Law School DG, Ondo AG, LASU VC, others named SANs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/law-school-dg-ondo-ag-lasu-vc-others-named-sans/ |work=The Nation |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Gwamna Akeredolu ya cire shi daga mukaminsa na Babban Lauyan Jihar Ondo da Kwamishinan Shari'a. Bayan cire shi, an nada Charles Titiloye a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi. Sanarwar gwamnatin jihar ba ta bayyana takamaiman dalilin sauyin ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Akeredolu Removes Ondo Attorney-General, Olawoye |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/11/23/akeredolu-removes-ondo-attorney-general-olawoye/ |work=Channels Television |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Akeredolu Sacks Kinsman, Olawoye, Appoints New Attorney General |url=https://thesourceng.com/akeredolu-sacks-kinsman-olawoye-appoints-new-attorney-general-the-source/ |work=The Source |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambar girma ta SAN ==
A shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Legal Practitioners’ Privileges Committee (LPPC) ya zaɓi Adekola Adeyeye Olawoye cikin lauyoyi 31 da aka ɗaukaka zuwa matsayi mafi girma a aikin lauya na Najeriya, wato '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan karramawa na daga cikin mafi girman lambobin yabo da lauya zai iya samu a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=LPPC promotes 31 lawyers to the rank of SAN |url=https://dailytimesng.com/lppc-promotes-31-lawyers-rank-san/ |work=Daily Times Nigeria |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=30 Newly Appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) [Names] |url=https://www.okay.ng/30-newly-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-see-names/ |work=Okay.ng |date=25 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Olawoye, Adekola Adeyeye}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:'Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Ondo]]
[[Category:Masu karɓar lambar Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Haihuwar 1954]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stephen O. J. Omeko</title>
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      <id>844799</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Short description|Lauyan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (SAN)}}  '''Stephen O. J. Omeko''' (wanda ake kuma rubuta sunansa a matsayin '''Stephen OJ Omeko Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wacce ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukaman ƙwarewa a harkar aikin lauya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3574" sha1="4pwkhhf7ictxpxepdniclumsgczv5rt" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Lauyan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (SAN)}}

'''Stephen O. J. Omeko''' (wanda ake kuma rubuta sunansa a matsayin '''Stephen OJ Omeko Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wacce ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukaman ƙwarewa a harkar aikin lauya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=LPPC Elevates 31 Lawyers To Rank Of Senior Advocates Of Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/lppc-elevates-31-lawyers-to-rank-of-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2018 ne Kwamitin '''Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee (LPPC)''' ya sanar da sunan Stephen O. J. Omeko a cikin jerin sabbin lauyoyi 31 da aka ɗaga zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. An bayyana sunansa tare da wasu manyan lauyoyi da malaman shari'a da suka samu wannan matsayi a shekarar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BREAKING: 31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria, SAN |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-260688/ |work=Daily Trust |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' ana ba shi ne ga lauyoyin da suka nuna ƙwarewa da bajinta a fagen shari'a bayan sun shafe shekaru masu yawa suna aiki. Wannan matsayi yana daidai da matsayin ''King’s Counsel'' ko ''Queen’s Counsel'' a wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman karramawa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=LPPC Elevates 31 Lawyers To Rank Of Senior Advocates Of Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/lppc-elevates-31-lawyers-to-rank-of-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Complete List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) – 1975 to 2026 |url=https://kikio.ng/complete-san-list-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |website=Kikio |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sunan Stephen O. J. Omeko yana cikin cikakken tarihin jerin '''Senior Advocates of Nigeria''' da aka wallafa daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 2026, inda aka nuna cewa ya kasance cikin waɗanda aka karrama da mukamin SAN a shekarar 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Complete List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) – 1975 to 2026 |url=https://kikio.ng/complete-san-list-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |website=Kikio |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Full List of New Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN) In 2018 |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/full-list-of-new-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-in-2018/ |work=Media Nigeria |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]]
* [[Nigerian Bar Association]]
* [[Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Omeko, Stephen O. J.}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>C. T. Onyekwelu</title>
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    <id>153969</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:35:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | name = Jonathan C. Onyekwelu | image = | image_size = | caption = Farfesa Jonathan C. Onyekwelu | birth_name = Jonathan Chukwuemeka Onyekwelu | nationality = Dan Najeriya | fields = Kimiyyar dazuzzuka, kula da muhalli, kare halittu | workplaces = Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) | education = Federal University of Technology Akure; Technical University of Munich | known_for = Bincike kan dazuzzukan Afirka, kare bambancin halittu da adana carbon...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5288" sha1="7kv091sg2e5s8e9cde2d8te22qb4kjh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| name = Jonathan C. Onyekwelu
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Farfesa Jonathan C. Onyekwelu
| birth_name = Jonathan Chukwuemeka Onyekwelu
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| fields = Kimiyyar dazuzzuka, kula da muhalli, kare halittu
| workplaces = Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA)
| education = Federal University of Technology Akure; Technical University of Munich
| known_for = Bincike kan dazuzzukan Afirka, kare bambancin halittu da adana carbon
}}

'''Farfesa Jonathan C. Onyekwelu''' ɗan Najeriya ne kuma masani a fannin kimiyyar dazuzzuka (Forestry), kare muhalli da bambancin halittu. Malami ne a Sashen Forestry and Wood Technology na [[Federal University of Technology Akure]] (FUTA). Ya yi fice wajen gudanar da bincike kan dazuzzukan Najeriya, adana carbon, farfaɗo da muhalli da kuma rawar da gandun daji ke takawa wajen rage sauyin yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Jonathan Onyekwelu |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/connect/explore-the-humboldt-network/singleview/1116214/prof-dr-jonathan-onyekwelu |publisher=Alexander von Humboldt Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
Onyekwelu ya kammala digirin farko a fannin Forestry and Wood Technology a Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) a shekarar 1991 inda ya kasance mafi ƙwazon ɗalibi a sashensa. Daga baya ya samu digirin M.Sc. a kula da gandun daji daga FUTA kafin ya tafi Jamus inda ya kammala digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a fannin Forest Science and Management a Technical University of Munich.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Jonathan Onyekwelu |url=https://www.lss.ls.tum.de/fafsys/team/prof-dr-onyekwelu-jonathan/ |publisher=Technical University of Munich |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin koyarwa ==
Onyekwelu ya fara aiki a FUTA a shekarar 1992. Ya kai matsayin Farfesa a shekarar 2012, inda ya ci gaba da koyarwa da gudanar da bincike a fannonin kula da gandun daji, dawo da muhallin da ya lalace da kuma kiyaye nau'ikan halittu. Haka kuma ya kasance malamin baƙo (Visiting Professor) a Technical University of Munich a lokuta daban-daban ta tallafin DAAD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Jonathan Onyekwelu |url=https://www.lss.ls.tum.de/fafsys/team/prof-dr-onyekwelu-jonathan/ |publisher=Technical University of Munich |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike ==
Binciken Onyekwelu ya fi mayar da hankali kan:
* Kare bambancin halittu a dazuzzuka.
* Dazuzzukan al'ada (Sacred Groves) da rawarsu wajen kare muhalli.
* Adana carbon da rage tasirin sauyin yanayi.
* Farfaɗo da gandun daji da suka lalace.
* Gudanar da dazuzzuka cikin dorewa.

Ya wallafa bincike da dama kan dazuzzukan kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ciki har da nazarin bambancin nau'ikan itatuwa, yanayin ƙasa da kuma rawar da dazuzzukan gargajiya ke takawa wajen kare muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Onyekwelu |first=Jonathan C. |title=Role of sacred groves in southwestern Nigeria in biodiversity conservation, biomass and carbon storage |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |year=2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Onyekwelu |first=J.C. |title=Tree Species Diversity and Soil Status of Primary and Degraded Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems in South-Western Nigeria |journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science |year=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan kare dazuzzuka ==
A wata lacca ta musamman da ya gabatar a FUTA, Onyekwelu ya yi gargaɗin cewa Najeriya na iya rasa mafi yawan dazuzzukanta cikin shekaru masu zuwa idan ba a ɗauki matakan kariya ba. Ya jaddada muhimmancin tsarin ''agroforestry'', sa hannun al'umma wajen kula da gandun daji da kuma ƙarfafa aiwatar da dokokin kare muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nigeria'll be without forest in 30 years—FUTA Don |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/nigeria-ll-without-forest-30-years-futa-don/ |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=27 June 2017 |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da karramawa ==
Onyekwelu ya samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin bincike da ilimi. Daga cikinsu akwai:
* DAAD Visiting Professorship zuwa Technical University of Munich.
* Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship.
* Fellow na Forestry Association of Nigeria.
* TUM Ambassador Award (2025).
* Distinguished Alumnus Award na FUTA Alumni Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Jonathan Onyekwelu |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/connect/explore-the-humboldt-network/singleview/1116214/prof-dr-jonathan-onyekwelu |publisher=Alexander von Humboldt Foundation |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe ==
* ''Role of Sacred Groves in Southwestern Nigeria in Biodiversity Conservation, Biomass and Carbon Storage'' (2024).
* ''Can Forest Plantations Harbour Biodiversity Similar to Natural Forest Ecosystems Over Time?'' (2016).
* ''Tree Species Diversity and Soil Status of Primary and Degraded Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems in South-Western Nigeria'' (2008).
* ''Understory Species Diversity, Regeneration and Recruitment Potential of Sacred Groves in South West Nigeria'' (2021).

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman jami'a na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masana muhalli na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masana kimiyyar dazuzzuka]]
[[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]]
[[Category:Federal University of Technology Akure]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zakari Adehi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844801</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:36:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Zakari Adehi | birth_name = Steve Zakari Adehi | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), jagoran ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria | organization = Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM) }}  '''Zakari Adehi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Steve Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara a fannin shari'a da kuma hidimar addinin...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4269" sha1="mo8m22c0egd6wp2ltmve11mfn7ako08" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Zakari Adehi
| birth_name = Steve Zakari Adehi
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), jagoran ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria
| organization = Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM)
}}

'''Zakari Adehi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Steve Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara a fannin shari'a da kuma hidimar addinin Katolika a Najeriya. A shekarar 2026 an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar '''Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin Katolika a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da sana'a ==
Zakari Adehi ya yi suna a matsayin gogaggen lauya a Najeriya, inda ya samu matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda yake daga cikin manyan mukamai da ake bai wa lauyoyi a ƙasar saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkokin shari'a. Baya ga aikinsa na lauya, ya kasance mai ruwa da tsaki a harkokin zamantakewa da na addini, musamman a cikin al'ummar Katolika ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabancin Knights of Saint Mulumba ==
A shekarar 2026, an zaɓi Sir Steve Zakari Adehi a matsayin '''Supreme Knight''' na ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM). Wannan ƙungiya ta Katolika tana da mambobi a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya kuma tana mai da hankali kan ayyukan jin ƙai, kare bangaskiyar Katolika da kuma tallafa wa al'umma. Zaɓensa ya nuna amincewa da jagorancinsa da kuma irin gudummawar da ya bayar a cikin ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan matsalolin Najeriya ==
A watan Fabrairun 2026, Adehi ya bayyana cewa rashin adalci, rashin tsaro da talauci na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suke addabar Najeriya. A matsayinsa na shugaban KSM, ya yi kira ga gwamnati da masu ruwa da tsaki da su ɗauki matakan gaggawa domin magance matsalolin sace mutane, kashe-kashe da kuma tabarbarewar rayuwar jama'a. Ya kuma jaddada muhimmancin samar da adalci da inganta tsarin shari'a domin dawo da amincewar jama'a ga hukumomin ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=KSM identifies injustice, insecurity, poverty as Nigeria’s greatest challenges |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ |work=Vanguard News |date=6 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga al'umma ==
A karkashin jagorancinsa, KSM ta nuna aniyar fadada ayyukanta wajen taimaka wa marasa ƙarfi, tallafa wa masu neman adalci da kuma inganta tsarin gyaran hali a gidajen yari. Adehi ya yi kira da a mayar da hankali wajen gyara tushen matsalolin zamantakewa maimakon dogaro da hukunci kawai, yana mai cewa gyaran hali da samar da damar rayuwa mai kyau ga jama'a zai taimaka wajen rage aikata laifuka a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=KSM identifies injustice, insecurity, poverty as Nigeria’s greatest challenges |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ |work=Vanguard News |date=6 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ Catholic Herald Nigeria]
* [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ Vanguard News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adehi, Zakari}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:'Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu rajin addini a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Oluseun Takintayo Akinbiyi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:38:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Zakari Adehi | birth_name = Steve Zakari Adehi | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), jagoran ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria | organization = Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM) }}  '''Zakari Adehi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Steve Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara a fannin shari'a da kuma hidimar addinin...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4269" sha1="mo8m22c0egd6wp2ltmve11mfn7ako08" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Zakari Adehi
| birth_name = Steve Zakari Adehi
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Babban Lauya na Najeriya (SAN), jagoran ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria
| organization = Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM)
}}

'''Zakari Adehi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Steve Zakari Adehi''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN). Ya shahara a fannin shari'a da kuma hidimar addinin Katolika a Najeriya. A shekarar 2026 an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar '''Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM)''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin Katolika a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da sana'a ==
Zakari Adehi ya yi suna a matsayin gogaggen lauya a Najeriya, inda ya samu matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda yake daga cikin manyan mukamai da ake bai wa lauyoyi a ƙasar saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkokin shari'a. Baya ga aikinsa na lauya, ya kasance mai ruwa da tsaki a harkokin zamantakewa da na addini, musamman a cikin al'ummar Katolika ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabancin Knights of Saint Mulumba ==
A shekarar 2026, an zaɓi Sir Steve Zakari Adehi a matsayin '''Supreme Knight''' na ƙungiyar Knights of Saint Mulumba Nigeria (KSM). Wannan ƙungiya ta Katolika tana da mambobi a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya kuma tana mai da hankali kan ayyukan jin ƙai, kare bangaskiyar Katolika da kuma tallafa wa al'umma. Zaɓensa ya nuna amincewa da jagorancinsa da kuma irin gudummawar da ya bayar a cikin ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Sir Steve Zakari Adehi: The new KSM Supreme Knight |url=https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ |work=Catholic Herald Nigeria |date=3 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan matsalolin Najeriya ==
A watan Fabrairun 2026, Adehi ya bayyana cewa rashin adalci, rashin tsaro da talauci na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suke addabar Najeriya. A matsayinsa na shugaban KSM, ya yi kira ga gwamnati da masu ruwa da tsaki da su ɗauki matakan gaggawa domin magance matsalolin sace mutane, kashe-kashe da kuma tabarbarewar rayuwar jama'a. Ya kuma jaddada muhimmancin samar da adalci da inganta tsarin shari'a domin dawo da amincewar jama'a ga hukumomin ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=KSM identifies injustice, insecurity, poverty as Nigeria’s greatest challenges |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ |work=Vanguard News |date=6 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga al'umma ==
A karkashin jagorancinsa, KSM ta nuna aniyar fadada ayyukanta wajen taimaka wa marasa ƙarfi, tallafa wa masu neman adalci da kuma inganta tsarin gyaran hali a gidajen yari. Adehi ya yi kira da a mayar da hankali wajen gyara tushen matsalolin zamantakewa maimakon dogaro da hukunci kawai, yana mai cewa gyaran hali da samar da damar rayuwa mai kyau ga jama'a zai taimaka wajen rage aikata laifuka a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=KSM identifies injustice, insecurity, poverty as Nigeria’s greatest challenges |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ |work=Vanguard News |date=6 Fabrairu 2026 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://catholicherald.org.ng/sir-steve-zakari-adehi-the-new-ksm-supreme-knight/ Catholic Herald Nigeria]
* [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/02/ksm-identifies-injustice-insecurity-poverty-as-nigerias-greatest-challenges/ Vanguard News]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adehi, Zakari}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:'Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu rajin addini a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>. Ade Tuyo</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844803</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:39:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Joshua Ade Tuyo | image = | birth_date = 1902 | birth_place = Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Najeriya | occupation = Dan kasuwa, mai masana'antar burodi | known_for = Kafa kamfanin Defacto Works Ltd da bunkasa harkar yin burodi a Najeriya }}  '''Joshua Ade Tuyo''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1902) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi suna a harkar yin burodi da samar da kayayyakin abinci. A shekarun 1960, an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3845" sha1="6t74zxbnlk0k9i2ce5ygzp6709xxhsq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Joshua Ade Tuyo
| image =
| birth_date = 1902
| birth_place = Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Najeriya
| occupation = Dan kasuwa, mai masana'antar burodi
| known_for = Kafa kamfanin Defacto Works Ltd da bunkasa harkar yin burodi a Najeriya
}}

'''Joshua Ade Tuyo''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1902) ɗan kasuwan Najeriya ne wanda ya yi suna a harkar yin burodi da samar da kayayyakin abinci. A shekarun 1960, an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwar Najeriya kuma mafi shahararren mai masana'antar burodi a ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ade Tuyo a Ijebu-Ode, a yankin da yanzu yake cikin Jihar Ogun ta Najeriya. Mahaifinsa manomi ne kuma mai sana'ar dinki, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ke harkar kasuwancin rini (indigo). Ya fara karatun horas da malamai amma matsalolin lafiya suka sa ya daina wannan fanni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin gwamnati ==
Bayan ya bar horon koyarwa, Ade Tuyo ya shiga aikin ofis. Ya yi aiki a Hukumar Jiragen Ƙasa ta Najeriya (Nigerian Railway Department), sannan ya yi aiki a Bankin West Africa (Bank of West Africa), wanda daga baya ya zama First Bank. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu. Ya yi kusan shekaru 24 yana aiki a waɗannan hukumomi kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1953.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkar kasuwanci ==
Asalin shigarsa harkar yin burodi ya samo asali ne daga matarsa, Alice Tuyo, wadda ta fara koyon sana'ar yin burodi bayan ta yi asara a wata sana'ar kasuwanci da take yi. Bayan ritayarsa, Ade Tuyo ya shiga harkar gaba ɗaya kuma ya kafa kamfanin '''Defacto Works Ltd''' a shekarar 1955.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya samu tallafin rance daga Federal Loans Board, wanda ya taimaka masa wajen faɗaɗa masana'antar. Kamfanin Defacto Works ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin burodi a Najeriya bayan samun 'yancin kai. Kamfanin ya samar da nau'o'in kayayyakin burodi sama da 100 kuma ya yi suna wajen samar da ingantaccen burodi da sauran kayan abinci ga masu matsakaicin hali da masu hannu da shuni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Defacto Works na ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 300, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin mafi girman masana'antar burodi mallakar ɗan Najeriya a lokacin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/did-you-know-ade-tuyo-nigerias-first-big-bakery-ceo/ |title=Did You Know? Ade Tuyo, Nigeria’s First Big Bakery CEO |publisher=Connect Nigeria |date=23 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shahara ==
A shekarar 1965, mujallar ''Time'' ta ambace shi cikin attajiran Najeriya na lokacin. An bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kasuwa da suka yi</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu</title>
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    <id>153973</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844804</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:39:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya | known_for = Harkokin shari'a da aikin lauya a Najeriya | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) }}  '''Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a harkokin shari'a, musamman a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, sasanta rikice-rikice, da kuma wakilcin abokan hulɗa a kotunan Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin manyan lauyoyin da aka bai wa lambar girma ta '''Se...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4532" sha1="j4m1e93154jbiihlk438ktmfj1whhmj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Lauya
| known_for = Harkokin shari'a da aikin lauya a Najeriya
| title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)
}}

'''Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice a harkokin shari'a, musamman a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, sasanta rikice-rikice, da kuma wakilcin abokan hulɗa a kotunan Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin manyan lauyoyin da aka bai wa lambar girma ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 2018, wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan mukamai da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=BREAKING: 31 Lawyers Appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria, SAN |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-260688/ |work=Daily Trust |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da sana'a ==
Achukwu ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya mai zaman kansa tare da kwarewa a fannoni daban-daban na dokokin kasuwanci da shari'o'in farar hula. A cewar bayanan ƙwararru da aka wallafa a shafin The Lawyer Network, ya shiga kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Strachan Partners''' a shekarar 2009, sannan ya taimaka wajen kafa ofishin kamfanin a Abuja a shekarar 2011. Daga baya ya kasance cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''Fred-Young &amp; Evans LP''', wani kamfanin lauyoyi da ke ba da ayyuka a fannoni daban-daban na doka da kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lawyer Referral, Corporate Commercial Law, Find a Lawyer, Legal Network |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/memberprofile.aspx?m=12455 |website=The Lawyer Network |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan shari'a ==
Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu ya yi aiki a manyan shari'o'in kasuwanci da suka haɗa da rikice-rikicen bashi, shari'o'in kasuwanci na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, da kuma sasanta rikice-rikice ta hanyar sulhu (arbitration). Haka kuma ya wakilci abokan hulɗa a kotunan koli da kotunan ɗaukaka ƙara a Najeriya. Ya kuma rubuta muƙalu da bincike a kan dokokin kasuwanci, dawo da bashi, aiwatar da hukuncin kotunan ƙasashen waje, da kuma harkokin kadarori.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Lawyer Referral, Corporate Commercial Law, Find a Lawyer, Legal Network |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/memberprofile.aspx?m=12455 |website=The Lawyer Network |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria ==
A watan Yulin shekarar 2018, Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Yabo ga Lauyoyi na Najeriya (Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee) ya sanar da naɗa Emmanuel Ozoemenam Achukwu cikin jerin sabbin '''Senior Advocates of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Wannan matsayi yana daga cikin mafi girman lambobin yabo ga lauyoyi a ƙasar, kuma ana ba da shi ne ga waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewa da gudummawa ta musamman a harkokin shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See full list] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Breaking: 31 Lawyers Elevated to the rank of SAN (See Full List) |url=https://barristerng.com/breaking-31-lawyers-elevated-to-the-rank-of-sansee-full-list/ |work=BarristerNG |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'ar zargin damfara ==
A shekarun 2009 zuwa 2011, gwamnatin tarayya ta gurfanar da Achukwu a gaban kotu bisa wasu tuhume-tuhumen damfara, jabun takardu da canja bayanai da suka shafi kuɗi sama da naira miliyan 314. Sai dai a shekarar 2011, Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta soke tuhume-tuhumen bayan ta yanke hukuncin cewa karar ba ta cika sharuddan doka ba, kuma ta sallame shi daga zarge-zargen da ake masa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Court quashes N314m fraud suit against lawyer |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/court-quashes-n314m-fraud-suit-against-lawyer/ |work=Vanguard News |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FG challenges Achukwu over N314 fraud |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/02/fg-challenges-achukwu-over-n314-fraud/ |work=Vanguard News |date=19 February 2010 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844805</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:41:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: '''Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Ken Ahia''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, kuma mai riƙe da muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya shahara a fannin shari'ar kasuwanci, harkokin zaɓe, haƙƙin doka da kuma shari'o'in kotuna a Najeriya. Haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma yake jagorantar kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Ken Ahia &amp; Associates'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-netw...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5106" sha1="q6c82cajwnsriz6noab9ayei3nr9uvt" xml:space="preserve">'''Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Ken Ahia''') lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, kuma mai riƙe da muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. Ya shahara a fannin shari'ar kasuwanci, harkokin zaɓe, haƙƙin doka da kuma shari'o'in kotuna a Najeriya. Haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma yake jagorantar kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Ken Ahia &amp; Associates'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia ya yi karatun lauya a Najeriya kuma an kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya (Nigerian Bar) a shekarar 1988. Daga baya ya samu digirin '''Master of Laws (LL.M.)''' daga Jami'ar Legas, inda ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni irin su dokokin kamfanoni, dokokin laifuka da kuma harkokin lamuni da bashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin lauya ==
Bayan kammala bautar ƙasa (NYSC), Ahia ya yi aiki a kamfanonin lauyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da Alenkhe &amp; Alenkhe &amp; Co. da kuma Zik Chuka Obi &amp; Co. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen shari'a na Thomas Kingsley Securities Ltd. A shekarar 1994 ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyinsa mai suna '''Ken Ahia &amp; Associates''', wanda ya zama sananne a fannonin shari'ar kasuwanci, haƙƙin mallakar fasaha, zaɓe da kuma rigingimun kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ahia ya kasance memba a ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙwararrun lauyoyi ciki har da '''Nigerian Bar Association (NBA)''', '''International Bar Association (IBA)''', '''International Trademark Association (INTA)''' da kuma '''Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN)'''. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai jarrabawar waje ga Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya (Nigerian Law School) kuma ya kasance memba na '''Legal Practitioners Disciplinary Committee'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muƙamai da ayyukan gwamnati ==
Kenneth Ahia ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na '''Abia State Law Review and Reform Commission''', inda ya taka rawa wajen sake duba da buga dokokin Jihar Abia. Haka kuma ya kasance memba na Kotun Sauraron Ƙorafe-ƙorafen Zaɓen Ƙananan Hukumomi a Jihar Abia tsakanin shekarun 2003 zuwa 2005. A shekarar 2017, Babban Alƙalin Najeriya ya naɗa shi a matsayin '''Accessor''' na Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan harkokin shari'a ==
Ahia ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin Najeriya da suka yi tsokaci kan batutuwan tsarin mulki da 'yancin shari'a. A shekarar 2019, ya bayyana cewa dakatar da Babban Alƙalin Najeriya, Walter Onnoghen, da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi ya tayar da muhawara mai girma kan bin doka da tsarin mulki. Ya yi kira da a maido da Onnoghen kan muƙaminsa, yana mai cewa ya kamata a mutunta tsarin doka da 'yancin bangaren shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia (SAN): ‘The Chief Justice should be reinstated immediately’ |url=https://guardian.ng/features/kenneth-chukwuemeka-ahia-san-the-chief-justice-should-be-reinstated-immediately/ |work=The Guardian (Nigeria) |date=29 January 2019 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
An ba Kenneth Chukwuemeka Ahia muƙamin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin shari'a. Ya kuma kasance cikin jerin manyan lauyoyin da suka yi fice wajen gabatar da muhimman shari'o'i a kotunan Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Announcement - New member of The Lawyer Network in Nigeria |url=https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 |work=The Lawyer Network |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://www.thelawyer-network.com/news.aspx?n=11892&amp;npage=1 The Lawyer Network Profile]
* [https://guardian.ng/features/kenneth-chukwuemeka-ahia-san-the-chief-justice-should-be-reinstated-immediately/ Interview with The Guardian Nigeria]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahia, Kenneth Chukwuemeka}}
[[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya masu rai]]
[[Category:Masu digiri daga Jami'ar Legas]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shirin Ruwa na Matabeleland Zambezi</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844806</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:42:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345473582|Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2575" sha1="7ls0mqmfozw7lxumykbvayp2k64eqha" xml:space="preserve">'''Aikin Ruwa na Matabeleland Zambezi (MZWP)''' wani babban aiki ne da ake gudanarwa a lardin Matabeleland ta Arewa na [[Zimbabwe]] . Aikin yana neman kawo karshen karancin ruwa da ya mamaye birni na biyu na Zimbabwe, [[Bulawayo|Bulawayo,]] ta hanyar kawo ruwa daga babban kogin [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] zuwa birnin

== Aikin ==
Ana iya rarraba aikin a matsayin babban aiki. Ana sa ran zai ci dala miliyan 600 na Amurka wanda babban jari ne a ma'aunin Afirka . Aikin zai kunshi matakai uku kamar haka:

* Mataki na ɗaya: Madatsar Ruwa ta Gwayi-Shangani
* Mataki na biyu: Dam din Gwayi-Shangani zuwa bututun Bulawayo
* Mataki na uku: Dam ɗin Gwayi-Shangani zuwa Pipelne na Kogin Zambezi

== Mataki na ɗaya: Madatsar Ruwa ta Gwayi-Shangani ==
Madatsar ruwan Gwayi-Shangani ita ce mataki na farko na MZWP kuma ita ce ginshiƙin aikin. An fara shi a watan Satumba na 2004, ana sa ran zai samar da wurin adana ruwa don wannan aikin. [[Madatsar ruwa|Madatsar ruwan]] za ta kasance a kusa da 6.&amp;nbsp;kilomita a ƙasan mahadar [[Kogin Gwayi]] da [[Kogin Shangani]] .

Ya zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, ana shakku kan kammala wannan madatsar ruwa a cikin shekarar da aka yi hasashen kammala ta a shekarar 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mandivengerei |first=Paidashe |date=2025-05-12 |title=Gwayi- Shangani Dam completion target in doubt, again |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/gwayi-shangani-dam-completion-target-in-doubt-again/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nau'in madatsar ruwa da bayaninsa ===

* Nau'i: [[Madatsar ruwa|Madatsar ruwa ce mai nauyin]] siminti mai naɗi, wanda ke nufin [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ta dogara da nauyinta don samun kwanciyar hankali.
* Girma
** Tsawonsa: mita 305 daga dutse ɗaya zuwa wani.
** Faɗi: mita 60 a ƙasa.
** Tsawo: Matsakaicin mita 70.
** Gada: Madatsar ruwa za ta sami gada a saman faɗin mita 8.
* Zurfi da iya aiki
** Matsakaicin zurfin ruwa: mita 59, mita 11 a kan jirgin ruwa kyauta .
** Ƙarfin aiki: 634 miliyan &lt;sup&gt;m3&lt;/sup&gt;
** Yawan amfanin ƙasa: miliyan 210 &lt;sup&gt;m3&lt;/sup&gt;
* Kayan da aka yi amfani da su da adadi
** Siminti : mita &lt;sup&gt;300,000&lt;/sup&gt;
** Ma'ajiyar ƙasa : mita &lt;sup&gt;400,000&lt;/sup&gt;
** Rabon [[siminti]] / ruwa : 0.55
** Rabon tokar kwari /siminti: 7:3
** Ma'aunin siminti: hakori 20, sauran 25.

== Mataki na biyu: Dam din Gwayi-Shangani zuwa bututun Bulawayo ==
Tsarin bututun da aka tsara zai kai 260{{Spaces}}km. An shirya kammala ginin bututun mai a shekarar 2022. A watan Afrilun 2021, gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta bayar da kwangilar gina bututun mai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2587" sha1="pfz49cyihc5915w1jtcyqv9pfpme0nn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aikin Ruwa na Matabeleland Zambezi (MZWP)''' wani babban aiki ne da ake gudanarwa a lardin Matabeleland ta Arewa na [[Zimbabwe]] . Aikin yana neman kawo karshen karancin ruwa da ya mamaye birni na biyu na Zimbabwe, [[Bulawayo|Bulawayo,]] ta hanyar kawo ruwa daga babban kogin [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] zuwa birnin

== Aikin ==
Ana iya rarraba aikin a matsayin babban aiki. Ana sa ran zai ci dala miliyan 600 na Amurka wanda babban jari ne a ma'aunin Afirka . Aikin zai kunshi matakai uku kamar haka:

* Mataki na ɗaya: Madatsar Ruwa ta Gwayi-Shangani
* Mataki na biyu: Dam din Gwayi-Shangani zuwa bututun Bulawayo
* Mataki na uku: Dam ɗin Gwayi-Shangani zuwa Pipelne na Kogin Zambezi

== Mataki na ɗaya: Madatsar Ruwa ta Gwayi-Shangani ==
Madatsar ruwan Gwayi-Shangani ita ce mataki na farko na MZWP kuma ita ce ginshiƙin aikin. An fara shi a watan Satumba na 2004, ana sa ran zai samar da wurin adana ruwa don wannan aikin. [[Madatsar ruwa|Madatsar ruwan]] za ta kasance a kusa da 6.&amp;nbsp;kilomita a ƙasan mahadar [[Kogin Gwayi]] da [[Kogin Shangani]] .

Ya zuwa watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, ana shakku kan kammala wannan madatsar ruwa a cikin shekarar da aka yi hasashen kammala ta a shekarar 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mandivengerei |first=Paidashe |date=2025-05-12 |title=Gwayi- Shangani Dam completion target in doubt, again |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/gwayi-shangani-dam-completion-target-in-doubt-again/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nau'in madatsar ruwa da bayaninsa ===

* Nau'i: [[Madatsar ruwa|Madatsar ruwa ce mai nauyin]] siminti mai naɗi, wanda ke nufin [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ta dogara da nauyinta don samun kwanciyar hankali.
* Girma
** Tsawonsa: mita 305 daga dutse ɗaya zuwa wani.
** Faɗi: mita 60 a ƙasa.
** Tsawo: Matsakaicin mita 70.
** Gada: Madatsar ruwa za ta sami gada a saman faɗin mita 8.
* Zurfi da iya aiki
** Matsakaicin zurfin ruwa: mita 59, mita 11 a kan jirgin ruwa kyauta .
** Ƙarfin aiki: 634 miliyan &lt;sup&gt;m3&lt;/sup&gt;
** Yawan amfanin ƙasa: miliyan 210 &lt;sup&gt;m3&lt;/sup&gt;
* Kayan da aka yi amfani da su da adadi
** Siminti : mita &lt;sup&gt;300,000&lt;/sup&gt;
** Ma'ajiyar ƙasa : mita &lt;sup&gt;400,000&lt;/sup&gt;
** Rabon [[siminti]] / ruwa : 0.55
** Rabon tokar kwari /siminti: 7:3
** Ma'aunin siminti: hakori 20, sauran 25.

== Mataki na biyu: Dam din Gwayi-Shangani zuwa bututun Bulawayo ==
Tsarin bututun da aka tsara zai kai 260{{Spaces}}km. An shirya kammala ginin bututun mai a shekarar 2022. A watan Afrilun 2021, gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta bayar da kwangilar gina bututun mai.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:45:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1221788423|Mtshabezi Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mtsabezi|kogin Mtshabezi]], [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ke da karfin mita cubic miliyan 11.4. Bayan kammala da kuma kaddamar da bututun da ke haɗa shi da madatsar ruwan Mzingwane a shekarar 2013, Mtshabezi ya zama madatsar ruwa ta shida da ke samar da ruwa ga birnin [[Bulawayo]] . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844811</id>
      <parentid>844808</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:48:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844811</origin>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mtsabezi|kogin Mtshabezi]], [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ke da karfin mita cubic miliyan 11.4. Bayan kammala da kuma kaddamar da bututun da ke haɗa shi da madatsar ruwan Mzingwane a shekarar 2013, Mtshabezi ya zama madatsar ruwa ta shida da ke samar da ruwa ga birnin [[waannan mukalar gajerace da bukatar akara yin nazari kanta]]  

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>88kvo1vjmvhclavi49ir8fglubo0gy7</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844854</id>
      <parentid>844811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:27:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Rashin ruwa na Mtshabezi]] to [[Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mtsabezi|kogin Mtshabezi]], [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ke da karfin mita cubic miliyan 11.4. Bayan kammala da kuma kaddamar da bututun da ke haɗa shi da madatsar ruwan Mzingwane a shekarar 2013, Mtshabezi ya zama madatsar ruwa ta shida da ke samar da ruwa ga birnin [[waannan mukalar gajerace da bukatar akara yin nazari kanta]]  

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844856</id>
      <parentid>844854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:27:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mtsabezi|kogin Mtshabezi]], [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ke da karfin mita cubic miliyan 11.4. Bayan kammala da kuma kaddamar da bututun da ke haɗa shi da madatsar ruwan Mzingwane a shekarar 2013, Mtshabezi ya zama madatsar ruwa ta shida da ke samar da ruwa ga birnin [[waannan mukalar gajerace da bukatar akara yin nazari kanta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Zimbabwe Chronicle |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/mtshabezi-pipeline-a-major-govt-intervention/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Harts</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256773492|Harts River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844809</origin>
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      <text bytes="9769" sha1="8ywjvo6c3pikfciwe7zwkftxnarihny" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung. 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange. 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong. 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts River&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts River
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8019" sha1="pq5bdmol0qhlxf67c7bura2003j10xc" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung. 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange. 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong. 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung. 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange. 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong. 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <id>9891</id>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA10LowerVaal.jpg Lower Vaal WMA 10]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange. 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong. 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA10LowerVaal.jpg Lower Vaal WMA 10]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWHarts/HartsRiver_Overview%20.htm Harts River - Overview]&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong. 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <id>9891</id>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA10LowerVaal.jpg Lower Vaal WMA 10]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWHarts/HartsRiver_Overview%20.htm Harts River - Overview]&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong.&lt;ref&gt;Van Vreeden, B.F. 1961. Noordkaapland plekname. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya. 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA10LowerVaal.jpg Lower Vaal WMA 10]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWHarts/HartsRiver_Overview%20.htm Harts River - Overview]&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong.&lt;ref&gt;Van Vreeden, B.F. 1961. Noordkaapland plekname. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/boer/battlehartsriver_e.html Canadian War Museum - Battle of Harts River]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Harts'''  wani magudanar ruwa ne na arewacin [[Kogin Vaal]], wanda kuma shine babban magudanar ruwa na [[Kogin Orange]] (wanda kuma aka sani da [[Kogin Orange|Kogin Gariep]], babban kogi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]). Mafarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, amma mafi yawan yankin kwarinsa yana cikin Lardin Arewacin Cape, wanda ke shiga kilomita kaɗan daga madatsar ruwa ta Taung.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA10LowerVaal.jpg Lower Vaal WMA 10]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Harts sun samar da iyaka ta halitta ga [[Ghaap Plateau|Plateau ta Ghaap]], wacce ke tsakanin Kogin Harts da [[Kuruman Hills|Tuddan Kuruman]].

== Kwarara ==
Tana tashi kusa da Lichtenburg a kan gangaren kudu maso yammacin Witwatersrand kuma tana gudana tsawon mil 320.&amp;nbsp;kilomita (kimanin mil 200) a kudu maso yamma, galibi ta cikin yankuna masu faɗi na Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma da Arewacin Cape kafin ta kwarara zuwa Kogin Vaal kimanin 100&amp;nbsp;kilomita sama da mahaɗin wannan kogin da Kogin Orange.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWHarts/HartsRiver_Overview%20.htm Harts River - Overview]&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[Little Harts River|Kogin Little Harts]] wanda ke tashi kusa da Coligny ya haɗu da [[Great Harts River|Kogin Great Harts]], wanda ke tashi kusa da Lichtenburg, don samar da babban kogin. Kusa da Taung, [[Dry Harts River|Kogin Dry Harts]], wani kogi na yanayi wanda ruwansa ke gangarowa a yankin Vryburg, shi ma ya haɗu da shi. Kogin yana da yanayin kwararar ruwa mai yawan wucewa, amma an tsara shi don inganta amfani da ruwa. A Taung, Tswana ta kira Kogin Harts da Noka (ma'ana Kogin) Kolong.&lt;ref&gt;Van Vreeden, B.F. 1961. Noordkaapland plekname. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bugu da ƙari, garin Schweizer-Reneke (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba 1888) yana gefen kogin. [[Wenzel Dam|Madatsar ruwa ta Wenzel]], a arewacin garin da ke kan kogin, an gina ta a matsayin wurin shakatawa na hutu.

A kusan shekarar 1850, an gina madatsar ruwa a kogin kusa da [[Dikgatlong]], amma ruwan ya tafi da shi a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1856.

Kusa da mahaɗar Kogunan Harts da Vaal a Delportshoop, wani babban tsarin ban ruwa, an kafa Tsarin Vaal-Harts a shekarar 1933 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin sake gina ƙasa bayan [[Great Depression|koma bayan tattalin arziki]]. A nan, ruwan da aka ɗauko daga kogunan Vaal da Harts yana samar da ruwa don shayar da ƙananan gidaje da yawa ta hanyar tsarin magudanar ruwa a wani yanki da ba shi da busasshiyar ƙasa, yana tallafawa garuruwa kamar Jan Kempdorp da Hartswater. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme, South Africa |url=http://www.vaalharts.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134730/http://www.vaalharts.net/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kusa da arewacin Tsarin akwai ƙauyukan Pampierstad, [[Motsweding]], [[Mokgareng]], [[Manthestad]] da Taung, waɗanda galibi mazauna yankin [[Harshen Tswana|Tswana ne]]. Taung ya shahara bayan an gano ƙoƙon kan abin da ake kira Taung Child a cikin wani wurin hakar lemun tsami 14&amp;nbsp;kilomita yamma da garin. Ba a amfani da wurin hakar ma'adinai yanzu kuma yanzu shine [[Taung Heritage Site|Wurin Tarihi na Taung]] kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a. A yammacin garin, an gina Madatsar Ruwa ta Taung a Kogin Harts. Ana iya ganin wasu sassaka duwatsu a sama da madatsar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Finger paintings in the Harts River Valley, Northern Cape Province, South Africa |url=http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812230234/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/annals/Southern%20African%20Field%20Archaeology.htm |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2012-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 31 ga watan Maris 1902, a cikin watannin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Boer na Biyu, an yi [[Battle of Harts River|Yaƙin Kogin Harts]], wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Yaƙin Boschbult&quot;, tsakanin sojojin Boers da na Burtaniya kusa da mahaɗar Kogin Harts da [[Brak Spruit]], ɗaya daga cikin ma'ajiyar ruwa mai bushewa. Yaƙin ya kasance shan kashi ga Birtaniya kuma shi ne rana ta biyu mafi zubar da jini a wannan yaƙin ga sojojin Kanada, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi a ɓangaren Birtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/boer/battlehartsriver_e.html Canadian War Museum - Battle of Harts River]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Haƙar ma'adinai ==
Ana ci gaba da haƙar lu'u-lu'u a tsoffin yankunan koguna a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Harts. Ma'adinan Newlands yana da kimanin murabba'in kilomita 60.&amp;nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yammacin Kimberley a kan kogin. Kamfanin [[Dwyka Diamonds]] Limited ne ke haƙo shi a yanzu haka a kan tan 3000 a kowane wata. Kamfanin [[Noble Minerals]], tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙabilar [[Ba-Ga-Maidi]] na yankin, sun kafa wani aiki don amfani da lu'u-lu'u masu ƙarfi a cikin murabba'in kilomita 20 na tsakuwa masu siffar lu'u-lu'u na tsarin kogin, kusa da Taung. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dwyka Diamonds - Newlands Kimberlite Mine |url=http://www.dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406225534/http://dwykadiamonds.com/Pages/african.html#Newlands |archive-date=2007-04-06 |access-date=2007-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yankunan da aka kare ==
Yawancin kifayen da ake samu a Kogin Harts nau'ikan kifaye ne da aka gabatar, sai dai a yankin [[Barberspan]], inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu na asali. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=North West Province Tourism - Barbers Pan Bird Sanctuary |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072940/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/barberspan/overview.html |archive-date=2005-11-11 |access-date=2005-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ayyana shi a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi a shekarar 1949.

Kusa da garuruwan Sannieshof da Delareyville, kogin yana da alaƙa da Barberspan (26°35' S 25°35' E) 26°35′S 25°35′E / 26.583°S 25.583°E / -26.583; 25.583, wanda ke cikin ɓangaren Barberspan Nature Reserve kuma wuri ne na Ramsar. Pan yana da tsawon kilomita 11 da faɗin kilomita 3.5, kuma an sanya masa suna ne bayan [[Frederick Hugh Barber]] FRGS, wanda ya farauta a Kogin Harts a 1875, ko kuma bayan barbel (baber a cikin harshen [[Afrikaans]]), nau'in kifi da aka samo a kogunan Afirka ta Kudu.&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

A cikin 1913, Jan Christiaan Smuts, wanda ke da gonar kusa da ƙarshen kudancin pan, ya ba da aiki kuma shugabansa, Mista MS Basson, ya kula da tono tashar da ta karkatar da ruwa daga Kogin Harts zuwa pan, wanda ke kusa da 9 m ƙasa da kogi. Yankin yana da faɗi sosai har Kogin Harts yanzu yana tura isasshen ruwa zuwa Barberspan a lokacin ruwan sama don ya kasance a cikin watanni masu bushewa na hunturu, inda a baya an yi amfani da kwanon rufi don bushewa a lokacin fari. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga muhalli, tun da pan yanzu ya zama babban ruwa mai ɗorewa a wani yanki na pans da vleis na yanayi. Ya zama oasis ga [[Tsuntsu|tsuntsaye]] (musamman tsuntsayen ruwa) waɗanda ke amfani da shi don ciyarwa, sha, shayarwa, ƙwanƙwasawa da kiwo. Har zuwa tsuntsaye 20,000 na fiye da nau'in 320 ana iya gani a Barberspan Bird Sanctuary, yana mai da shi sanannen wurin tsuntsaye, mai yiwuwa mafi kyau a Afirka ta Kudu. Nau'in tsuntsaye bakwai da ke cikin haɗari da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda biyu suna faruwa a nan. Barberspan kuma yana tallafawa al'umma mai arziki.  (Ramsar, 1994).&amp;nbsp;

Barberspan kuma wuri ne da ake gudanar da taron ababen hawa a waje da hanya, kamar [[Barberspan 500|Barberspan 500.]] Akwai otal, masauki da wuraren shakatawa a wurin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa (Afirka ta Kudu)]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041210044703/http://www.ho.org.za/PhotoAlbum/2004/Barberspan/barberspan.htm Kundin Hotuna na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa da Yawon Bude Ido ta Arewa maso Yamma]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050805075501/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/070101.asp Tsuntsayen Afirka ta Kudu - Wuraren Tsuntsaye - Aski da kewaye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051027115925/http://www.nwpg.gov.za/soer/FullReport/water.html Gwamnatin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma - Albarkatun Ruwa]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{short description|Nigerian leadership strategist, author and public speaker}} {{Infobox person | name = Olakunle Soriyan | birth_name = Olakunle Adedapo Soriyan | birth_date = 9 Fabrairu 1971 | birth_place = Ikenne, Ogun State, Najeriya | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci, marubuci, mai magana (public speaker), mai horar da shugabanni | known_for = Gudanar da horo kan shugabanci da ci gaban ƙungiyoyi | spouse = Tiwa Soriyan | children = 1...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3572" sha1="9y36a9pj7s42cz1xltrgj23q2npm49u" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Nigerian leadership strategist, author and public speaker}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Olakunle Soriyan
| birth_name = Olakunle Adedapo Soriyan
| birth_date = 9 Fabrairu 1971
| birth_place = Ikenne, Ogun State, Najeriya
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci, marubuci, mai magana (public speaker), mai horar da shugabanni
| known_for = Gudanar da horo kan shugabanci da ci gaban ƙungiyoyi
| spouse = Tiwa Soriyan
| children = 1
}}

'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.  0  

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994. 1  

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 2  

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba. 3  

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya. 7  

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa. 8  

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
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      <text bytes="3085" sha1="nvb2b16l52f6kusriy8h22iaib33ip7" xml:space="preserve">'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.  0  

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994. 1  

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 2  

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba. 3  

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya. 7  

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa. 8  

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
      <sha1>nvb2b16l52f6kusriy8h22iaib33ip7</sha1>
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      <id>845058</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:22:55Z</timestamp>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.  0  

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994. 1  

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 2  

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba. 3  

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya. 7  

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa. 8  

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
      <sha1>9wqb8opwbguo11newep72j0fae8pkwo</sha1>
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      <id>845059</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:23:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sumy IB</username>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994. 1  

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 2  

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba. 3  

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya. 7  

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa. 8  

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
      <sha1>o2sopfjawdawq6wvo5vtficrzd95f00</sha1>
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        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994. 1  

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba.

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa.

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
      <sha1>2ujvufa6a0zikw66vjf0zw6tgbme430</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:24:16Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwar farko da ilimi */</comment>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994.

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba.

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).” 5  

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa.

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
      <sha1>dp356nak1111zgtpzhqc8bvrvlpylgt</sha1>
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        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma */</comment>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994.

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba.

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).”

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga. 6  

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa.

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
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        <id>32481</id>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994.

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba.

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 4  

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).”

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga.

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa.

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
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'''Olakunle Soriyan''' (an haife shi 9 Fabrairu 1971) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shugabanci (leadership strategist), marubuci, kuma mai magana a tarurruka (public speaker). Shi ne Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar bincike da horar da shugabanci da ke Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Opanuga |first=Jimisayo |date=2023-09-24 |title=Youths urged to be catalysts for positive change |url=https://guardian.ng/news/youths-urged-to-be-catalysts-for-positive-change/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-12-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Olakunle Soriyan an haife shi a Ikenne, Jihar Ogun a Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Lagos (Lagos State University), inda ya samu digiri a fannin ilimin tattalin arziki (Economics Education) a shekarar 1994.

== Aiki da ci gaban sana’a ==
Bayan kammala karatu, Soriyan ya fara aiki a fannin koyarwa, jagoranci da horar da matasa, musamman a cibiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyin matasa a Najeriya. 

Daga baya ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban shugabanci da tsarin ƙungiyoyi, inda ya yi aiki da kamfanoni daban-daban na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

== Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC ==
Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Ilimi (Chief Knowledge Officer) na Kenneth Soriyan Research and Ideas LLC, wata ƙungiyar da ke Dallas, Texas, wadda ke mayar da hankali kan:
* ci gaban shugabanci  
* binciken tsarin ƙungiya  
* da horar da shugabanni  

Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da hukumomi daban-daban a duniya wajen horar da shugabanni da tsara dabarun ci gaba.

== Gudunmawa a harkokin kasuwanci da ci gaban al’umma ==
Soriyan ya shahara wajen gudanar da taruka da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa da ’yan kasuwa, ciki har da NEXT365 leadership forum, wanda ke tattauna makomar shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma. 

Ya kuma yi jawabi a taruka daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kan:
* shugabanci  
* kasuwanci  
* ci gaban ƙasa  
* da kirkire-kirkire  

A wani taro a Lagos, ya bayyana cewa kasuwanci na zamani dole ne ya dogara da “bayyanuwa da sauƙin wucewa ga kasuwa (visibility and transferability).”

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Soriyan ya shiga cikin rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi shugabanci da ci gaban al’umma, ciki har da littafin:
* ''A Love Affair with Failure'' (tare da Dr. Akintoye Akindele) wanda Forbes Books ta buga.

== Ra’ayi da tasiri ==
An bayyana Soriyan a matsayin:
* mai horar da shugabanni (mentor)  
* mai tsara dabarun kasuwanci (strategist)  
* mai magana a duniya (global speaker)  

Ya yi aiki da kamfanoni masu girma da kuma cibiyoyin gwamnati, yana mai da hankali kan canjin tunani da inganta shugabanci a Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Soriyan yana da aure da Tiwa Soriyan, kuma suna da ɗa guda. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Texas, Amurka tare da iyalinsa.

== Nassoshi ==
{{reflist}}
* BusinessDay Nigeria – “How SMEs can grow”  
* Forbes Books – Author profile of Olakunle Soriyan  
* BusinessDay – NEXT365 leadership forum report  
* Forbes Partner Releases – A Love Affair with Failure  
* The Guardian / Vanguard reports on leadership engagements</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dams din Inga</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309248743|Inga dams]]&quot;</comment>
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Dams na Inga (Faransa: Barrages d'Inga; Dutch: ''Ingadam'') madatsar ruwa ce ta ruwa guda biyu da aka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a duniya, Inga Falls. Suna cikin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da mil 140 kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]].&amp;nbsp;

Inga Falls a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] rukuni ne na rapids (ko cataracts) a cikin ruwa na [[Livingstone Falls]] da [[Pool Malebo]] . Kogin Kongo ya fadi ~ mita 96 (315  a cikin wannan saitin cataracts. Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Kogin Kongo a Inga Falls shine ~ 42,000  mita a kowace dakika (1,500,000 cu ft / s). Idan aka ba da wannan gudana da faduwar mita 96, Inga Falls kadai yana da damar samar da ~ {{Convert|39.6|GW}}  na makamashi na inji da kusan makamashi mai yawa.

Inga Falls a halin yanzu shafin yanar gizon manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu ne kuma ana la'akari da shi don tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ake kira Grand Inga. Aikin Grand Inga, idan an kammala shi, zai zama mafi girman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Yankin aikin na yanzu yana kira ga amfani da ƙimar gudana ~ 26,400 cubic mita a kowace dakika a kan gaba na ~ 150 mita; wannan daidai yake da ƙarfin samarwa na ~ 38.9 GW. Wannan janareta na hydro-electric zai zama fiye da ninki biyu na mai rikodin duniya na yanzu, wanda [[Sin|China]] madatsar ruwa guda uku a kan Kogin Yangtze a kasar Sin.

Grand Inga wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne na &quot;run-of-the-river&quot; wanda za'a halicci karamin tafki ne kawai don tallafawa ikon kwararar kogin. Wannan zai kasance don haka shugaban net na turbines na hydroelectric zai iya kusantar mita 150.

== Tarihi ==
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Belgium tana la'akari da fara abin da ta kira &quot;The Inga Scheme&quot; a ranar da za a sake mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1959.  An kammala Inga I a 1972, kuma Inga II a 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanyanga |first=Rudo |title=Will Congo Benefit from Grand Inga Dam? |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404043624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |archive-date=4 April 2014 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=International Policy Digest}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nazarin farko ===
[[Fayil:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar shekarun 1890 na Inga Falls]]
An fahimci damar wutar lantarki ta [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] tun da wuri, a lokacin da ikon mulkin mallaka ke [[Kasa Afrika|fadada a Afirka]] kuma ana amfani da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki. Wani rahoto na farko game da wannan yiwuwar ya zo ne ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka a cikin 1921; binciken da suka yi ya kammala cewa kwarin Kongo gabaɗaya yana da &quot;fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙarfin ruwa na duniya&quot;. Game da wurin Inga Falls musamman, wannan ya nuna bayan shekaru hudu daga soja na Belgium, masanin lissafi, da kuma ɗan kasuwa Colonel [[Van Deuren]]. Zai ci gaba da aikin bincike a kusa da Inga Falls, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930 akwai wasu motsi don ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar yankin ta ƙungiyar Syneba (1929-1939), duk da haka barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da rushewar Syneba ya kawo ƙarshen ɗan lokaci ga ci gaba a shafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Showers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Showers |first=Kate B. |year=2009 |title=Congo River's Grand Inga hydroelectricity scheme: linking environmental history, policy and impact |journal=Water History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–58 |doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8 |s2cid=161089543}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Atlantropa]], wani makirci don haɗa Turai da Afirka wanda Herman Soergel ya ɗauka a cikin shekarun 1920, ya haɗa da shawarar dam Kogin Kongo. A cikin wannan shirin, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a hamada na Arewacin Afirka, da kuma samar da 22.5 zuwa 45 gigawatts na wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehmann |first=Philipp Nicolas |date=2016-02-01 |title=Infinite Power to Change the World: Hydroelectricity and Engineered Climate Change in the Atlantropa Project |journal=The American Historical Review |language=en |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=70–100 |doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirin Belgium ===
Duk da rashin ci gaba a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yiwuwar da Inga Falls ta bayar ta kasance sananne a cikin tunanin injiniyoyi. Littafin Injiniya na 1954 ya lissafa manyan ayyukan da za a iya cim ma (cikin su Channel Tunnel na gaba), mafi girma shine madatsar ruwa ta Inga wacce za ta haifar da tafkin da ke cikin hamadar Sahara.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kongo, 'yan Belgium har yanzu suna da begen gina babban aikin ci gaban Inga don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antu masu nauyi. Daga cikin waɗannan masana'antun da aka tattauna sun kasance &quot;aluminum, ferro-alloys, maganin ma'adinai, takarda, da shuka don rabuwa da isotopes. &quot;  Ra'ayinsu, aƙalla a fili, ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da iko ɗaya yana kwatanta yiwuwar ci gaban masana'antu a Kongo zuwa Ruhr na Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holz, Peter |date=March 1958 |title=More Power Lights &quot;Darkest Africa&quot; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=109 |issue=3 |page=232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai muhimmiyar alaƙa ta Amurka ga aikin a cikin hanyar [[Clarence E. Blee]], ɗaya daga cikin baƙi biyar a kan binciken mutum 10 na shafin Inga a cikin 1957 kuma babban injiniya na shiga Amurka cikin ci gaban lantarki da masana'antu na tarayya, Hukumar Tennessee Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot; /&gt; Wannan binciken zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan hukumomin Belgium don sa madatsar ruwan Inga a cikin motsi.</text>
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'''Dams na Inga''' (Faransa: Barrages d'Inga; Dutch: ''Ingadam'') madatsar ruwa ce ta ruwa guda biyu da aka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a duniya, Inga Falls. Suna cikin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da mil 140 kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]].&amp;nbsp;

Inga Falls a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] rukuni ne na rapids (ko cataracts) a cikin ruwa na [[Livingstone Falls]] da [[Pool Malebo]] . Kogin Kongo ya fadi ~ mita 96 (315  a cikin wannan saitin cataracts. Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Kogin Kongo a Inga Falls shine ~ 42,000  mita a kowace dakika (1,500,000 cu ft / s). Idan aka ba da wannan gudana da faduwar mita 96, Inga Falls kadai yana da damar samar da ~ {{Convert|39.6|GW}}  na makamashi na inji da kusan makamashi mai yawa.

Inga Falls a halin yanzu shafin yanar gizon manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu ne kuma ana la'akari da shi don tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ake kira Grand Inga. Aikin Grand Inga, idan an kammala shi, zai zama mafi girman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Yankin aikin na yanzu yana kira ga amfani da ƙimar gudana ~ 26,400 cubic mita a kowace dakika a kan gaba na ~ 150 mita; wannan daidai yake da ƙarfin samarwa na ~ 38.9 GW. Wannan janareta na hydro-electric zai zama fiye da ninki biyu na mai rikodin duniya na yanzu, wanda [[Sin|China]] madatsar ruwa guda uku a kan Kogin Yangtze a kasar Sin.

Grand Inga wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne na &quot;run-of-the-river&quot; wanda za'a halicci karamin tafki ne kawai don tallafawa ikon kwararar kogin. Wannan zai kasance don haka shugaban net na turbines na hydroelectric zai iya kusantar mita 150.

== Tarihi ==
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Belgium tana la'akari da fara abin da ta kira &quot;The Inga Scheme&quot; a ranar da za a sake mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1959.  An kammala Inga I a 1972, kuma Inga II a 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanyanga |first=Rudo |title=Will Congo Benefit from Grand Inga Dam? |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404043624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |archive-date=4 April 2014 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=International Policy Digest}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nazarin farko ===
[[Fayil:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar shekarun 1890 na Inga Falls]]
An fahimci damar wutar lantarki ta [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] tun da wuri, a lokacin da ikon mulkin mallaka ke [[Kasa Afrika|fadada a Afirka]] kuma ana amfani da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki. Wani rahoto na farko game da wannan yiwuwar ya zo ne ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka a cikin 1921; binciken da suka yi ya kammala cewa kwarin Kongo gabaɗaya yana da &quot;fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙarfin ruwa na duniya&quot;. Game da wurin Inga Falls musamman, wannan ya nuna bayan shekaru hudu daga soja na Belgium, masanin lissafi, da kuma ɗan kasuwa Colonel [[Van Deuren]]. Zai ci gaba da aikin bincike a kusa da Inga Falls, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930 akwai wasu motsi don ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar yankin ta ƙungiyar Syneba (1929-1939), duk da haka barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da rushewar Syneba ya kawo ƙarshen ɗan lokaci ga ci gaba a shafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Showers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Showers |first=Kate B. |year=2009 |title=Congo River's Grand Inga hydroelectricity scheme: linking environmental history, policy and impact |journal=Water History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–58 |doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8 |s2cid=161089543}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Atlantropa]], wani makirci don haɗa Turai da Afirka wanda Herman Soergel ya ɗauka a cikin shekarun 1920, ya haɗa da shawarar dam Kogin Kongo. A cikin wannan shirin, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a hamada na Arewacin Afirka, da kuma samar da 22.5 zuwa 45 gigawatts na wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehmann |first=Philipp Nicolas |date=2016-02-01 |title=Infinite Power to Change the World: Hydroelectricity and Engineered Climate Change in the Atlantropa Project |journal=The American Historical Review |language=en |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=70–100 |doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirin Belgium ===
Duk da rashin ci gaba a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yiwuwar da Inga Falls ta bayar ta kasance sananne a cikin tunanin injiniyoyi. Littafin Injiniya na 1954 ya lissafa manyan ayyukan da za a iya cim ma (cikin su Channel Tunnel na gaba), mafi girma shine madatsar ruwa ta Inga wacce za ta haifar da tafkin da ke cikin hamadar Sahara.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kongo, 'yan Belgium har yanzu suna da begen gina babban aikin ci gaban Inga don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antu masu nauyi. Daga cikin waɗannan masana'antun da aka tattauna sun kasance &quot;aluminum, ferro-alloys, maganin ma'adinai, takarda, da shuka don rabuwa da isotopes. &quot;  Ra'ayinsu, aƙalla a fili, ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da iko ɗaya yana kwatanta yiwuwar ci gaban masana'antu a Kongo zuwa Ruhr na Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holz, Peter |date=March 1958 |title=More Power Lights &quot;Darkest Africa&quot; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=109 |issue=3 |page=232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai muhimmiyar alaƙa ta Amurka ga aikin a cikin hanyar [[Clarence E. Blee]], ɗaya daga cikin baƙi biyar a kan binciken mutum 10 na shafin Inga a cikin 1957 kuma babban injiniya na shiga Amurka cikin ci gaban lantarki da masana'antu na tarayya, Hukumar Tennessee Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot; /&gt; Wannan binciken zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan hukumomin Belgium don sa madatsar ruwan Inga a cikin motsi.</text>
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'''Dams na Inga''' (Faransa: Barrages d'Inga; Dutch: ''Ingadam'') madatsar ruwa ce ta ruwa guda biyu da aka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a duniya, Inga Falls. Suna nan a yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da mil 140 kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]].&amp;nbsp;

Inga Falls a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] rukuni ne na rapids (ko cataracts) a cikin ruwa na [[Livingstone Falls]] da [[Pool Malebo]] . Kogin Kongo ya fadi ~ mita 96 (315  a cikin wannan saitin cataracts. Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Kogin Kongo a Inga Falls shine ~ 42,000  mita a kowace dakika (1,500,000 cu ft / s). Idan aka ba da wannan gudana da faduwar mita 96, Inga Falls kadai yana da damar samar da ~ {{Convert|39.6|GW}}  na makamashi na inji da kusan makamashi mai yawa.

Inga Falls a halin yanzu shafin yanar gizon manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu ne kuma ana la'akari da shi don tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ake kira Grand Inga. Aikin Grand Inga, idan an kammala shi, zai zama mafi girman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Yankin aikin na yanzu yana kira ga amfani da ƙimar gudana ~ 26,400 cubic mita a kowace dakika a kan gaba na ~ 150 mita; wannan daidai yake da ƙarfin samarwa na ~ 38.9 GW. Wannan janareta na hydro-electric zai zama fiye da ninki biyu na mai rikodin duniya na yanzu, wanda [[Sin|China]] madatsar ruwa guda uku a kan Kogin Yangtze a kasar Sin.

Grand Inga wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne na &quot;run-of-the-river&quot; wanda za'a halicci karamin tafki ne kawai don tallafawa ikon kwararar kogin. Wannan zai kasance don haka shugaban net na turbines na hydroelectric zai iya kusantar mita 150.

== Tarihi ==
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Belgium tana la'akari da fara abin da ta kira &quot;The Inga Scheme&quot; a ranar da za a sake mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1959.  An kammala Inga I a 1972, kuma Inga II a 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanyanga |first=Rudo |title=Will Congo Benefit from Grand Inga Dam? |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404043624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |archive-date=4 April 2014 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=International Policy Digest}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nazarin farko ===
[[Fayil:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar shekarun 1890 na Inga Falls]]
An fahimci damar wutar lantarki ta [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] tun da wuri, a lokacin da ikon mulkin mallaka ke [[Kasa Afrika|fadada a Afirka]] kuma ana amfani da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki. Wani rahoto na farko game da wannan yiwuwar ya zo ne ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka a cikin 1921; binciken da suka yi ya kammala cewa kwarin Kongo gabaɗaya yana da &quot;fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙarfin ruwa na duniya&quot;. Game da wurin Inga Falls musamman, wannan ya nuna bayan shekaru hudu daga soja na Belgium, masanin lissafi, da kuma ɗan kasuwa Colonel [[Van Deuren]]. Zai ci gaba da aikin bincike a kusa da Inga Falls, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930 akwai wasu motsi don ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar yankin ta ƙungiyar Syneba (1929-1939), duk da haka barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da rushewar Syneba ya kawo ƙarshen ɗan lokaci ga ci gaba a shafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Showers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Showers |first=Kate B. |year=2009 |title=Congo River's Grand Inga hydroelectricity scheme: linking environmental history, policy and impact |journal=Water History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–58 |doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8 |s2cid=161089543}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Atlantropa]], wani makirci don haɗa Turai da Afirka wanda Herman Soergel ya ɗauka a cikin shekarun 1920, ya haɗa da shawarar dam Kogin Kongo. A cikin wannan shirin, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a hamada na Arewacin Afirka, da kuma samar da 22.5 zuwa 45 gigawatts na wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehmann |first=Philipp Nicolas |date=2016-02-01 |title=Infinite Power to Change the World: Hydroelectricity and Engineered Climate Change in the Atlantropa Project |journal=The American Historical Review |language=en |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=70–100 |doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirin Belgium ===
Duk da rashin ci gaba a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yiwuwar da Inga Falls ta bayar ta kasance sananne a cikin tunanin injiniyoyi. Littafin Injiniya na 1954 ya lissafa manyan ayyukan da za a iya cim ma (cikin su Channel Tunnel na gaba), mafi girma shine madatsar ruwa ta Inga wacce za ta haifar da tafkin da ke cikin hamadar Sahara.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kongo, 'yan Belgium har yanzu suna da begen gina babban aikin ci gaban Inga don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antu masu nauyi. Daga cikin waɗannan masana'antun da aka tattauna sun kasance &quot;aluminum, ferro-alloys, maganin ma'adinai, takarda, da shuka don rabuwa da isotopes. &quot;  Ra'ayinsu, aƙalla a fili, ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da iko ɗaya yana kwatanta yiwuwar ci gaban masana'antu a Kongo zuwa Ruhr na Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holz, Peter |date=March 1958 |title=More Power Lights &quot;Darkest Africa&quot; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=109 |issue=3 |page=232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai muhimmiyar alaƙa ta Amurka ga aikin a cikin hanyar [[Clarence E. Blee]], ɗaya daga cikin baƙi biyar a kan binciken mutum 10 na shafin Inga a cikin 1957 kuma babban injiniya na shiga Amurka cikin ci gaban lantarki da masana'antu na tarayya, Hukumar Tennessee Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot; /&gt; Wannan binciken zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan hukumomin Belgium don sa madatsar ruwan Inga a cikin motsi.</text>
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      <id>844851</id>
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'''Dams na Inga''' (Faransa: Barrages d'Inga; Dutch: ''Ingadam'') madatsar ruwa ce ta ruwa guda biyu da aka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a duniya, Inga Falls. Suna nan a yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da mil 140 kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]].&amp;nbsp;

Inga Falls a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] rukuni ne na rapids (ko cataracts) a cikin ruwa na [[Livingstone Falls]] da [[Pool Malebo]] . Kogin Kongo ya fadi ~ mita 96 (315  a cikin wannan saitin cataracts. Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Kogin Kongo a Inga Falls shine ~ 42,000  mita a kowace dakika (1,500,000 cu ft / s). Idan aka ba da wannan gudana da faduwar mita 96, Inga Falls kadai yana da damar samar da ~ {{Convert|39.6|GW}}  na makamashi na inji da kusan makamashi mai yawa.

Inga Falls a halin yanzu shafin yanar gizon manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu ne kuma ana la'akari da shi don tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ake kira Grand Inga. Aikin Grand Inga, idan an kammala shi, zai zama mafi girman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Yankin aikin na yanzu yana kira ga amfani da ƙimar gudana ~ 26,400 cubic mita a kowace dakika a kan gaba na ~ 150 mita; wannan daidai yake da ƙarfin samarwa na ~ 38.9 GW. Wannan janareta na hydro-electric zai zama fiye da ninki biyu na mai rikodin duniya na yanzu, wanda [[Sin|China]] madatsar ruwa guda uku a kan Kogin Yangtze a kasar Sin.

Grand Inga wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne na &quot;run-of-the-river&quot; wanda za'a halicci karamin tafki ne kawai don tallafawa ikon kwararar kogin. Wannan zai kasance don haka shugaban net na turbines na hydroelectric zai iya kusantar mita 150.

== Tarihi ==
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Belgium tana la'akari da fara abin da ta kira &quot;The Inga Scheme&quot; a ranar da za a sake mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ameye |first=Louis |date=4 June 1959 |title=Economic Problems of the Congo |publisher=Royal African Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An kammala Inga I a 1972, kuma Inga II a 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanyanga |first=Rudo |title=Will Congo Benefit from Grand Inga Dam? |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404043624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |archive-date=4 April 2014 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=International Policy Digest}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nazarin farko ===
[[Fayil:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar shekarun 1890 na Inga Falls]]
An fahimci damar wutar lantarki ta [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] tun da wuri, a lokacin da ikon mulkin mallaka ke [[Kasa Afrika|fadada a Afirka]] kuma ana amfani da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki. Wani rahoto na farko game da wannan yiwuwar ya zo ne ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka a cikin 1921; binciken da suka yi ya kammala cewa kwarin Kongo gabaɗaya yana da &quot;fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙarfin ruwa na duniya&quot;. Game da wurin Inga Falls musamman, wannan ya nuna bayan shekaru hudu daga soja na Belgium, masanin lissafi, da kuma ɗan kasuwa Colonel [[Van Deuren]]. Zai ci gaba da aikin bincike a kusa da Inga Falls, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930 akwai wasu motsi don ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar yankin ta ƙungiyar Syneba (1929-1939), duk da haka barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da rushewar Syneba ya kawo ƙarshen ɗan lokaci ga ci gaba a shafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Showers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Showers |first=Kate B. |year=2009 |title=Congo River's Grand Inga hydroelectricity scheme: linking environmental history, policy and impact |journal=Water History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–58 |doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8 |s2cid=161089543}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Atlantropa]], wani makirci don haɗa Turai da Afirka wanda Herman Soergel ya ɗauka a cikin shekarun 1920, ya haɗa da shawarar dam Kogin Kongo. A cikin wannan shirin, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a hamada na Arewacin Afirka, da kuma samar da 22.5 zuwa 45 gigawatts na wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehmann |first=Philipp Nicolas |date=2016-02-01 |title=Infinite Power to Change the World: Hydroelectricity and Engineered Climate Change in the Atlantropa Project |journal=The American Historical Review |language=en |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=70–100 |doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirin Belgium ===
Duk da rashin ci gaba a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yiwuwar da Inga Falls ta bayar ta kasance sananne a cikin tunanin injiniyoyi. Littafin Injiniya na 1954 ya lissafa manyan ayyukan da za a iya cim ma (cikin su Channel Tunnel na gaba), mafi girma shine madatsar ruwa ta Inga wacce za ta haifar da tafkin da ke cikin hamadar Sahara.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kongo, 'yan Belgium har yanzu suna da begen gina babban aikin ci gaban Inga don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antu masu nauyi. Daga cikin waɗannan masana'antun da aka tattauna sun kasance &quot;aluminum, ferro-alloys, maganin ma'adinai, takarda, da shuka don rabuwa da isotopes. &quot;  Ra'ayinsu, aƙalla a fili, ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da iko ɗaya yana kwatanta yiwuwar ci gaban masana'antu a Kongo zuwa Ruhr na Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holz, Peter |date=March 1958 |title=More Power Lights &quot;Darkest Africa&quot; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=109 |issue=3 |page=232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai muhimmiyar alaƙa ta Amurka ga aikin a cikin hanyar [[Clarence E. Blee]], ɗaya daga cikin baƙi biyar a kan binciken mutum 10 na shafin Inga a cikin 1957 kuma babban injiniya na shiga Amurka cikin ci gaban lantarki da masana'antu na tarayya, Hukumar Tennessee Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot; /&gt; Wannan binciken zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan hukumomin Belgium don sa madatsar ruwan Inga a cikin motsi.</text>
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'''Dams na Inga''' (Faransa: Barrages d'Inga; Dutch: ''Ingadam'') madatsar ruwa ce ta ruwa guda biyu da aka haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a duniya, Inga Falls. Suna nan a yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] da mil 140 kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]].&amp;nbsp;

Inga Falls a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] rukuni ne na rapids (ko cataracts) a cikin ruwa na [[Livingstone Falls]] da [[Pool Malebo]] . Kogin Kongo ya fadi ~ mita 96 (315  a cikin wannan saitin cataracts. Matsakaicin shekara-shekara na Kogin Kongo a Inga Falls shine ~ 42,000  mita a kowace dakika (1,500,000 cu ft / s). Idan aka ba da wannan gudana da faduwar mita 96, Inga Falls kadai yana da damar samar da ~ {{Convert|39.6|GW}}  na makamashi na inji da kusan makamashi mai yawa.

Inga Falls a halin yanzu shafin yanar gizon manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu ne kuma ana la'akari da shi don tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ake kira Grand Inga. Aikin Grand Inga, idan an kammala shi, zai zama mafi girman kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Yankin aikin na yanzu yana kira ga amfani da ƙimar gudana ~ 26,400 cubic mita a kowace dakika a kan gaba na ~ 150 mita; wannan daidai yake da ƙarfin samarwa na ~ 38.9 GW. Wannan janareta na hydro-electric zai zama fiye da ninki biyu na mai rikodin duniya na yanzu, wanda [[Sin|China]] madatsar ruwa guda uku a kan Kogin Yangtze a kasar Sin.

Grand Inga wani aikin samar da wutar lantarki ne na &quot;run-of-the-river&quot; wanda za'a halicci karamin tafki ne kawai don tallafawa ikon kwararar kogin. Wannan zai kasance don haka shugaban net na turbines na hydroelectric zai iya kusantar mita 150.

== Tarihi ==
Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Belgium tana la'akari da fara abin da ta kira &quot;The Inga Scheme&quot; a ranar da za a sake mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Ameye |first=Louis |date=4 June 1959 |title=Economic Problems of the Congo |publisher=Royal African Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An kammala Inga I a 1972, kuma Inga II a 1982.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanyanga |first=Rudo |title=Will Congo Benefit from Grand Inga Dam? |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404043624/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |archive-date=4 April 2014 |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=International Policy Digest}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nazarin farko ===
[[Fayil:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Taswirar shekarun 1890 na Inga Falls]]
An fahimci damar wutar lantarki ta [[Kongo Basin|Kogin Kongo]] tun da wuri, a lokacin da ikon mulkin mallaka ke [[Kasa Afrika|fadada a Afirka]] kuma ana amfani da koguna don samar da wutar lantarki. Wani rahoto na farko game da wannan yiwuwar ya zo ne ta hanyar binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka a cikin 1921; binciken da suka yi ya kammala cewa kwarin Kongo gabaɗaya yana da &quot;fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙarfin ruwa na duniya&quot;. Game da wurin Inga Falls musamman, wannan ya nuna bayan shekaru hudu daga soja na Belgium, masanin lissafi, da kuma ɗan kasuwa Colonel [[Van Deuren]]. Zai ci gaba da aikin bincike a kusa da Inga Falls, kuma a cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930 akwai wasu motsi don ci gaba da nazarin yiwuwar yankin ta ƙungiyar Syneba (1929-1939), duk da haka barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da rushewar Syneba ya kawo ƙarshen ɗan lokaci ga ci gaba a shafin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Showers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Showers |first=Kate B. |year=2009 |title=Congo River's Grand Inga hydroelectricity scheme: linking environmental history, policy and impact |journal=Water History |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–58 |doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8 |s2cid=161089543}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Atlantropa]], wani makirci don haɗa Turai da Afirka wanda Herman Soergel ya ɗauka a cikin shekarun 1920, ya haɗa da shawarar dam Kogin Kongo. A cikin wannan shirin, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a hamada na Arewacin Afirka, da kuma samar da 22.5 zuwa 45 gigawatts na wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lehmann |first=Philipp Nicolas |date=2016-02-01 |title=Infinite Power to Change the World: Hydroelectricity and Engineered Climate Change in the Atlantropa Project |journal=The American Historical Review |language=en |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=70–100 |doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70 |issn=0002-8762 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shirin Belgium ===
Duk da rashin ci gaba a lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yiwuwar da Inga Falls ta bayar ta kasance sananne a cikin tunanin injiniyoyi. Littafin Injiniya na 1954 ya lissafa manyan ayyukan da za a iya cim ma (cikin su Channel Tunnel na gaba), mafi girma shine madatsar ruwa ta Inga wacce za ta haifar da tafkin da ke cikin hamadar Sahara.

Kafin samun 'yancin kai na Kongo, 'yan Belgium har yanzu suna da begen gina babban aikin ci gaban Inga don samar da wutar lantarki ga masana'antu masu nauyi. Daga cikin waɗannan masana'antun da aka tattauna sun kasance &quot;aluminum, ferro-alloys, maganin ma'adinai, takarda, da shuka don rabuwa da isotopes. &quot;  Ra'ayinsu, aƙalla a fili, ya kasance mai ƙarfin zuciya, tare da iko ɗaya yana kwatanta yiwuwar ci gaban masana'antu a Kongo zuwa Ruhr na Jamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Holz, Peter |date=March 1958 |title=More Power Lights &quot;Darkest Africa&quot; |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=109 |issue=3 |page=232}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwai muhimmiyar alaƙa ta Amurka ga aikin a cikin hanyar [[Clarence E. Blee]], ɗaya daga cikin baƙi biyar a kan binciken mutum 10 na shafin Inga a cikin 1957 kuma babban injiniya na shiga Amurka cikin ci gaban lantarki da masana'antu na tarayya, Hukumar Tennessee Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pop&quot; /&gt; Wannan binciken zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan hukumomin Belgium don sa madatsar ruwan Inga a cikin motsi.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Bangala</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1194925619|Bangala Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Bangala''' tana kudu maso gabashin [[Zimbabwe]], kudu da [[Masvingo]] . Concor ne ya gina ta don samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga gonakin noma da ke kan low veld a kudu maso yamma, a kusa da garin Triangle, inda babban amfanin gona shine rake. &lt;ref name=&quot;ZINWA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangala Dam |url=http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421225041/http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |archive-date=2013-04-21 |access-date=2010-01-13 |publisher=[[Zimbabwe National Water Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kare tafkin da kewayensa a matsayin [[Bangala Dam Recreational Park|wurin shakatawa na Bangala Dam]] .

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>ciwp83z10zn24odzz98h1d9snwia2qr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844817</id>
      <parentid>844816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:51:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="695" sha1="bnmttdkf02da49s6e57vhasdswt53df" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Bangala''' tana kudu maso gabashin [[Zimbabwe]], kudu da [[Masvingo]] . Concor ne ya gina ta don samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga gonakin noma da ke kan low veld a kudu maso yamma, a kusa da garin Triangle, inda babban amfanin gona shine rake. &lt;ref name=&quot;ZINWA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangala Dam |url=http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421225041/http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |archive-date=2013-04-21 |access-date=2010-01-13 |publisher=[[Zimbabwe National Water Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kare tafkin da kewayensa a matsayin [[Bangala Dam Recreational Park|wurin shakatawa na Bangala Dam]] .

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>bnmttdkf02da49s6e57vhasdswt53df</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844848</id>
      <parentid>844817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:24:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>844848</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="694" sha1="crvvfg1elsfd3012cgabs22xztt4juh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Bangala''' tana kudu maso gabashin [[Zimbabwe]], kudu da [[Masvingo]] . Concor ne ya gina ta don samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga gonakin noma da ke kan low veld a kudu maso yamma, a kusa da garin Triangle, inda babban amfanin gona shine rake. &lt;ref name=&quot;ZINWA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bangala Dam |url=http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421225041/http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/bangala.htm |archive-date=2013-04-21 |access-date=2010-01-13 |publisher=[[Zimbabwe National Water Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kare tafkin da kewayensa a matsayin [[Bangala Dam Recreational Park|wurin shakatawa na Bangala Dam]].

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>crvvfg1elsfd3012cgabs22xztt4juh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Preity Mukhundhan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844818</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:52:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibraheemly</username>
        <id>45392</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357097674|Preity Mukhundhan]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844818</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5086" sha1="o7qch53rxlf06vkogdul283nximxcpa" xml:space="preserve">
'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>o7qch53rxlf06vkogdul283nximxcpa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844820</id>
      <parentid>844818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:54:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibraheemly</username>
        <id>45392</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5098" sha1="e1aop99r5ydh43ph6k33zywbrxqhnns" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>e1aop99r5ydh43ph6k33zywbrxqhnns</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844839</id>
      <parentid>844820</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:18:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Hotunan fina-finai */</comment>
      <origin>844839</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5437" sha1="emel8ifuuxi0fp06g15vdr4m2f7e38w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>emel8ifuuxi0fp06g15vdr4m2f7e38w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844840</id>
      <parentid>844839</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:19:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyuka */</comment>
      <origin>844840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5777" sha1="r10t2442vcdfltrkvkntienlot5k0zc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>r10t2442vcdfltrkvkntienlot5k0zc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844841</id>
      <parentid>844840</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:19:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hotunan fina-finai */</comment>
      <origin>844841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6228" sha1="izwmpfq54em1tatd4et97u16cquxhjn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta bi B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-03-05 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to make her Bollywood debut in Naagzilla; only 7 days of shooting left for Kartik Aaryan's fantasy comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Hindi/movies/news/Naagzilla-kartik-aryan-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-karan-johar-supernatural-thriller-romantic-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>izwmpfq54em1tatd4et97u16cquxhjn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844842</id>
      <parentid>844841</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:21:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fim din */</comment>
      <origin>844842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6236" sha1="tpb7tmd3v3jvpezab8wu3rtmx4h19ic" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]].

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta na da digiri a B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' .  Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam &quot;Muttu Mu2&quot; a cikin 2022 tare da Yogi B &amp; Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar &quot;Aasa Kooda&quot; a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Fim din ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Harshe
!Bayani
!Tabbacin.
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|''Om Bheem Bush''
|Jalaja
|[[Talgu|Telugu]]
|Farko na Telugu
|
|-
|''Taurari''
|Meera Malarkodi
|[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]]
|Farkon Tamil
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Kannappa''
|Nemali
|Telugu
|
|
|-
|''Maine Pyar Kiya''
|Nidhi
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Malayalam]]
|Farkon Malayalam
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Sarvam Maya''
|Saadhya
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2026
|''Fashewa''
|Nila
|Tamil
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Bayan samarwa
|
|-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} 
|Apuwar
|Telugu
|Fim
|
|-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} 
|TBA
|Tamil
|Fim
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|TBA
|[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]
|Farko na Hindi
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2026-03-05 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to make her Bollywood debut in Naagzilla; only 7 days of shooting left for Kartik Aaryan's fantasy comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Hindi/movies/news/Naagzilla-kartik-aryan-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-karan-johar-supernatural-thriller-romantic-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

=== Bidiyo na kiɗa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Waƙar
!Masu zane-zane
!Harshe
!Alamar
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2022
|&quot;Muttu Mu2&quot;
|Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tamil
|Waƙoƙin Divo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
|&quot;Aasa Kooda&quot;
|Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti
|Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 &quot;After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch&quot;]. ''mirchi.in''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&quot;Morni&quot;
|Badshah, Sharvi Yadav
|Hindi
|Kiɗa na Saregama
|
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Osborne</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844819</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T19:53:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324230119|Osborne Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4671" sha1="ef9hpwhd04cs45rpu7clq6ix27r5fra" xml:space="preserve">An gano wurin da '''madatsar ruwa ta Osborne''' ke kan [[Kogin Odzi]], [[Zimbabwe]] a shekarun 1950 ta hannun injiniyoyin tsare-tsare na Ma'aikatar Ruwa. An kammala binciken haƙa rijiyoyin mai na Cored kan yiwuwar layuka biyu a shekarun 1960. Bayan kammala madatsar ruwa ta Mazvikadei [1985–'88] tare da taimakon kuɗi na Italiya, an sami ƙarin kuɗaɗen aikin kuma lokacin da aka gano hekta 10,000 na ƙasar da za a iya ban ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin, kwamitin ban ruwa na ma'aikatu da yawa na Gwamnatin Zimbabwe ya amince da aikin a shekarar 1989.

== Bayanan fasaha ==
Madatsar ruwan Osborne madatsar ruwa ce ta ƙasa, tana ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwa mai faɗin hekta 2,600, tana adana megalita 400,000 a [[Kogin Odzi]], wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Save, a Zimbabwe. Yankin magudanar ruwa shine 1,392.&amp;nbsp;Km², magudanar ruwa tana da tsayin mita 66, tsawon magudanar ruwa mita 1,007, kuma girman ƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa mita miliyan 5.1. [[Hanyar Zube|Magudanar ruwa]] nau'in &quot;magudanar ruwa&quot; ce mai fadin radius na mita 15.7, wani magudanar ruwa mai fadin mita 6 da kuma bututun ruwa yana isar da ruwan zuwa bokitin juyawa. Yankin magudanar ruwa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 2,400 ya miƙe har zuwa tushen kogin Odzi a yankin da ake yawan ruwan sama a kudu da Juliasdale . An ba da kuɗin ginin ne ta hanyar taimakon da Gwamnatin Italiya ta bayar, babban mai kwangilar shine Salini Costuttori SpA, tare da ƙananan 'yan kwangila na gida KWLasting suna yin rami da haƙa mai ƙarfi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Symphorian, G.R., Madamombe, E., van der Zaag, P. |date=2003 |title=Dam operation for environmental water releases; the case of Osborne dam, Save catchment, Zimbabwe |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=985–993 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gudanar da shi don samar da ruwa ga shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a gundumomin Chimanimani da Chipinge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Love, F., Madamombe, E., Marshall, B., Kaseke, E. |date=2006 |title=Preliminary estimate of environmental flow requirements of the Rusape River, Zimbabwe |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=31 |issue=15–16 |pages=864–869 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin shakatawa ==
Tafkin ya kai tsawon kilomita 16 har zuwa Kogin Odzi da kuma kilomita 15 tare da magudanar ruwa ta Nyatande. Tafkin yana da faɗin sama da kilomita 6 da zurfin mita 66. Yankin yana da matsakaicin yanayi tare da matsakaicin zafin digiri 24 na Celsius.

Kayayyakin da ake da su a Osborne Dam sun haɗa da sansanin hutawa da wurin zango. Sansanin hutawa mai masaukin abinci mai zaman kansa yana nan a wani wuri mai kallon tafkin. Babban wurin zangon zai iya ɗaukar masu zango 300, yana da wuraren shakatawa na braai da wuraren wutar lantarki da aka rarraba a kowane wuri, kuma wuri ne mai kyau don gasannin kamun kifi da kwale-kwale.

* Kamun kifi - ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi shahara. Ƙungiyoyin Bass Masters suna ɗaukar wannan madatsar ruwa a matsayin yankin kama kifi mai tarihi. Masu kamun kifi tabbas za su ji daɗin wannan kwarewa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
* Jirgin ruwa - babban wurin ruwa yana ba wa masu sha'awar jirgin ruwa wani yanki mai faɗi don yin tsere ko kawai su yi yawo a kusa.
* Tsuntsaye - wannan wani aiki ne da ke ƙara shahara yayin da wurin shakatawa ya zama gida ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da na ƙasa iri-iri.
* Tafiye-tafiyen tafiya - hanyoyin tafiya a gefen bangon madatsar ruwa da kuma kusa da bakin teku, ƙasa da Kogin Odzi da kuma a tsaunukan da ke kusa (Mt Jenya) suna ba da kyawawan wurare ga masu sha'awar hanyar.
* Wasan tuƙi - akwai tuƙi mai nisan kilomita 102 a kusa da tafkin wanda ya haɗa da damar shiga yankunan karkara da dama da ke kusa.
* Hawan doki - ana iya shirya hawa doki a kusa da bakin tafkin tare da ofishin yawon bude ido
* Windsurfing - Yanayi mai kyau tare da iska mai ƙarfi ta yamma
* Yin kwale-kwale - Kyawawan hanyoyin shiga da hanyoyin ruwa ga masu sha'awar kwale-kwale.

== Hotunan hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Osborne20.jpg|alt=Downstream face| Fuskar ƙasa
Fayil:Osborne_017.jpg|alt=Before first filling| Kafin a fara cikawa
Fayil:Osbo_Aug_2010_5.jpg|alt=Spillway and outlet bridge 2010| Gadar Spillway da gadar fita ta 2010
Fayil:Osborne7.jpg|alt=Spillway discharging| Fitar da ruwa daga bututun ruwa
Fayil:Osborne1_93.jpg|alt=Final stages of construction| Matakan ƙarshe na gini
Fayil:Osborne7_92.jpg|alt=After first year of construction| Bayan shekarar farko ta gini
Fayil:Osborne_aerial.jpg|alt=Aerial view after construction. 35% full| Kallon sama bayan gini. Kashi 35% cike
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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      <text bytes="4683" sha1="ck828a5pmma2cw52f2qb3qkbi071x36" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
An gano wurin da '''madatsar ruwa ta Osborne''' ke kan [[Kogin Odzi]], [[Zimbabwe]] a shekarun 1950 ta hannun injiniyoyin tsare-tsare na Ma'aikatar Ruwa. An kammala binciken haƙa rijiyoyin mai na Cored kan yiwuwar layuka biyu a shekarun 1960. Bayan kammala madatsar ruwa ta Mazvikadei [1985–'88] tare da taimakon kuɗi na Italiya, an sami ƙarin kuɗaɗen aikin kuma lokacin da aka gano hekta 10,000 na ƙasar da za a iya ban ruwa a ƙarƙashin aikin, kwamitin ban ruwa na ma'aikatu da yawa na Gwamnatin Zimbabwe ya amince da aikin a shekarar 1989.

== Bayanan fasaha ==
Madatsar ruwan Osborne madatsar ruwa ce ta ƙasa, tana ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwa mai faɗin hekta 2,600, tana adana megalita 400,000 a [[Kogin Odzi]], wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Save, a Zimbabwe. Yankin magudanar ruwa shine 1,392.&amp;nbsp;Km², magudanar ruwa tana da tsayin mita 66, tsawon magudanar ruwa mita 1,007, kuma girman ƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa mita miliyan 5.1. [[Hanyar Zube|Magudanar ruwa]] nau'in &quot;magudanar ruwa&quot; ce mai fadin radius na mita 15.7, wani magudanar ruwa mai fadin mita 6 da kuma bututun ruwa yana isar da ruwan zuwa bokitin juyawa. Yankin magudanar ruwa mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 2,400 ya miƙe har zuwa tushen kogin Odzi a yankin da ake yawan ruwan sama a kudu da Juliasdale . An ba da kuɗin ginin ne ta hanyar taimakon da Gwamnatin Italiya ta bayar, babban mai kwangilar shine Salini Costuttori SpA, tare da ƙananan 'yan kwangila na gida KWLasting suna yin rami da haƙa mai ƙarfi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Symphorian, G.R., Madamombe, E., van der Zaag, P. |date=2003 |title=Dam operation for environmental water releases; the case of Osborne dam, Save catchment, Zimbabwe |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=985–993 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana gudanar da shi don samar da ruwa ga shirye-shiryen ban ruwa a gundumomin Chimanimani da Chipinge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Love, F., Madamombe, E., Marshall, B., Kaseke, E. |date=2006 |title=Preliminary estimate of environmental flow requirements of the Rusape River, Zimbabwe |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth |volume=31 |issue=15–16 |pages=864–869 |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin shakatawa ==
Tafkin ya kai tsawon kilomita 16 har zuwa Kogin Odzi da kuma kilomita 15 tare da magudanar ruwa ta Nyatande. Tafkin yana da faɗin sama da kilomita 6 da zurfin mita 66. Yankin yana da matsakaicin yanayi tare da matsakaicin zafin digiri 24 na Celsius.

Kayayyakin da ake da su a Osborne Dam sun haɗa da sansanin hutawa da wurin zango. Sansanin hutawa mai masaukin abinci mai zaman kansa yana nan a wani wuri mai kallon tafkin. Babban wurin zangon zai iya ɗaukar masu zango 300, yana da wuraren shakatawa na braai da wuraren wutar lantarki da aka rarraba a kowane wuri, kuma wuri ne mai kyau don gasannin kamun kifi da kwale-kwale.

* Kamun kifi - ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi shahara. Ƙungiyoyin Bass Masters suna ɗaukar wannan madatsar ruwa a matsayin yankin kama kifi mai tarihi. Masu kamun kifi tabbas za su ji daɗin wannan kwarewa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
* Jirgin ruwa - babban wurin ruwa yana ba wa masu sha'awar jirgin ruwa wani yanki mai faɗi don yin tsere ko kawai su yi yawo a kusa.
* Tsuntsaye - wannan wani aiki ne da ke ƙara shahara yayin da wurin shakatawa ya zama gida ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da na ƙasa iri-iri.
* Tafiye-tafiyen tafiya - hanyoyin tafiya a gefen bangon madatsar ruwa da kuma kusa da bakin teku, ƙasa da Kogin Odzi da kuma a tsaunukan da ke kusa (Mt Jenya) suna ba da kyawawan wurare ga masu sha'awar hanyar.
* Wasan tuƙi - akwai tuƙi mai nisan kilomita 102 a kusa da tafkin wanda ya haɗa da damar shiga yankunan karkara da dama da ke kusa.
* Hawan doki - ana iya shirya hawa doki a kusa da bakin tafkin tare da ofishin yawon bude ido
* Windsurfing - Yanayi mai kyau tare da iska mai ƙarfi ta yamma
* Yin kwale-kwale - Kyawawan hanyoyin shiga da hanyoyin ruwa ga masu sha'awar kwale-kwale.

== Hotunan hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Osborne20.jpg|alt=Downstream face| Fuskar ƙasa
Fayil:Osborne_017.jpg|alt=Before first filling| Kafin a fara cikawa
Fayil:Osbo_Aug_2010_5.jpg|alt=Spillway and outlet bridge 2010| Gadar Spillway da gadar fita ta 2010
Fayil:Osborne7.jpg|alt=Spillway discharging| Fitar da ruwa daga bututun ruwa
Fayil:Osborne1_93.jpg|alt=Final stages of construction| Matakan ƙarshe na gini
Fayil:Osborne7_92.jpg|alt=After first year of construction| Bayan shekarar farko ta gini
Fayil:Osborne_aerial.jpg|alt=Aerial view after construction. 35% full| Kallon sama bayan gini. Kashi 35% cike
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Notwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844822</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354265696|Notwane River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10265" sha1="crv0xckb0dqe21e1cqdva9fdkfcia0f" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas. 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]]. 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=Thehttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts River&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts River&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts River&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Henley on Klip|url=http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The Henley Herald|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013|url=http://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf|publisher=Midvaal Local Municipality|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;Harts Riverhttp://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a|publisher=The
{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>crv0xckb0dqe21e1cqdva9fdkfcia0f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844823</id>
      <parentid>844822</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:00:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>844823</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5600" sha1="rgifpzwx0vkqg5d953o1sbhlt1dyaec" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas. 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]]. 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>rgifpzwx0vkqg5d953o1sbhlt1dyaec</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844838</id>
      <parentid>844823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:15:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844838</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5613" sha1="hvoqqv0oii8h1j6ewnt25elsu7kkzwr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas. 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]]. 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Magudanarsa ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas. 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]]. 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Magudanarsa ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]]. 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Kogin Notune''' (ko '''Kogin Ngotwane''' ) kogi ne a kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]]. Wasu sassan hanyarsa sun samar da iyaka ta duniya da [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Bakinsa yana kan [[kogin Limpopo]]. Yana da yankin da ke da ruwa mai {{Convert|18053|km2}}.

== Magudanarsa ==
[[Fayil:Blue_Train_in_Notwane_Bridge.jpg|left|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa yana ketare gadar jirgin ƙasa a kan Kogin Notuna]]
Notuwane ta yi tsayin {{Convert|11|km}} kudu da Ramotswa, kuma yana tafiya tare da kan iyaka a arewa maso gabas don shiga Limpopo a daidai tsayin daka da Mahalapye. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Notune yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]]. Yana gudana kusan arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a na Botswana, yana wucewa gabas da Lobatse, tsakanin birnin [[Gaborone]] da ƙauyen Tlokweng sannan kuma ya ratsa ƙauyen Mochudi. A ƙarshe ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu, 6 kawai.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan da haɗuwar Limpopo da Kogin Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Notwane da kansa da takwarorinsa Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane da Nywane ne ke zubar da ruwan Notwane. {{Sfn|Yadava|2003}} Manyan magudanan ruwa sune [[Taung River|Taung]], [[Peleng River|Peleng]], Metsimotlhabe da kogin [[Nywane River|Nywane]]. Duk kogunan da ke cikin kwarin Notwane ba su wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar mafi yawa gajeru, kwararar yanayi dangane da ruwan sama. Kogin Notwane da Taung sun bushe a lokacin rani kuma a cikin shekarun fari suna iya bushewa gaba ɗaya duk shekara. Duk waɗannan koguna na iya haifar da [[Ambaliyar ruwa|ambaliya]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/Global/MLG/South%20East.doc The South East District, Botswana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209144053/http://www.gov.bw/Global/MLG/South%20East.doc|date=2011-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Tarihi ==
An mamaye gabar kogin Notune tun zamanin Tsakiyar Dutse. Matsugunin zamani na farko shine Moshaweng, wanda Cif Gaborone na Tlokwa ya kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, kusa da wurin da babban birnin yake. {{Sfn|Firestone|Karlin|2010}} An gina [[Gaborone|birnin Gaborone]], wani faɗaɗa mazaunin da ya gabata, a kan Kogin Notune a shekarun 1960, wani ɓangare saboda kusanci da layin dogo, wani ɓangare saboda samuwar ruwan da kogin ke bayarwa. {{Sfn|Mwakikagile|2009}}

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:Gaborone_25.92305E_24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Notune tare da Madatsar Ruwa ta Gaborone]]
[[Dam din Gaborone|Madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], wadda ke samar da ruwa ga birnin Gaborone, tana da karfin ruwa mai girman {{Convert|144000000|m3}}. Daga baya, madatsar ruwan Ngotwane a Lehurutshe, Afirka ta Kudu tana da karfin {{Convert|18000000|m3}}. A yankin magudanar ruwa ta Gaborone akwai wasu madatsun ruwa da yawa, galibi ƙanana ne, inda ake amfani da [[Rashin ruwa na Nnywane|madatsar ruwa ta Nnywane]] kusa da Lobatse kawai don samar da ruwan cikin gida. Bayan wani bincike na 1992 kan tasirinsu ga albarkatun ruwa na ƙasa, an dakatar da gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a yankin magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Molaodi|2006}}

== Fauna da Flora ==
Duk da cewa kwararar Notune ba ta daɗe ba, bambancin halittu shine mafi girma nan da nan daga [[Dam din Gaborone|madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone]], arewacin mahaɗar kogin Taung. Gaɓar kogin a wannan yanki galibi tana riƙe da ƙananan tafkuna na ruwa, koda a lokacin bushewa na dogon lokaci.

Kifin kifin sharptooth na Afirka, wanda aka fi sani da barbel, shine nau'in kifi da aka fi sani a cikin waɗannan ruwan. Kogin kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan kifayen bream, tilapia da carp da aka samar.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna ƙaruwa yayin da mutum ke kusantar madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone, wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan heron da kingfisher da yawa. Ana ganin gaggafar kifi ta Afirka akai-akai, tare da [[Chaga|cormorant na reed]] da kuma African darter. Mujiya ta Verreaux tana faruwa a yankin kuma kite mai launin rawaya galibi baƙi ne a lokacin bazara. Ana yawan ganin hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern, hornbill mai launin rawaya na Southern da natal spurfowl a cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye.

Birai masu launin shuɗi suna da yawa a gefen kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Ana iya samun birai masu launin Chacma kuma ana samun nau'ikan barewa kamar kudu da impala, amma ba kasafai ake samun su ba. Ana jin ƙaramin gidan jarirai a wannan yanki da kuma jaki mai launin baƙi lokaci-lokaci da yamma. Ƙaramin yawan kada na [[Yankin Nilu|nil]] suna zaune a ƙananan kwaruruka na kogin kusa da madatsar ruwa ta Gaborone. Duk na'urar lura da nil da na'urar lura da duwatsu suna faruwa a yankin, ana ganin na farko akai-akai. Tsirrai masu rafuka da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su suma suna ba da wurin zama mai dacewa ga python na dutsen Afirka da kwarkwata mai yawo a mozambique.

Kogin yana da bishiyoyin syringa berrytree, [[Ficus verruculose|fig na ruwa]] da farin bauhinia. Itacen syringa berry wani nau'in halitta ne mai cin gashin kansa da aka kawo daga [[Indiya]]. Tsire-tsiren riparian daga ƙarshe sun bazu zuwa dajin [[Bagaruwa|acacia]]. [[Magaryar kura|Ƙaya]], ƙaya da knobthorn sun zama ruwan dare a wannan dajin. [[Danya|Marula]] da wattle masu kuka suma suna faruwa a yankin.

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Kogin Limpopo]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}} 

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071106233119/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/Limpopo/pdf/Limpopo1.pdf Kogin Limpopo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017050155/http://greatergaboronecity-region.info/graphics.html Babban Gaborone]
* [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41235999?uid=2129&amp;uid=2&amp;uid=70&amp;uid=4&amp;sid=55982851573 Tarihin Gabatarwa na Gaborone na Zamani]
* [http://www.bizguide.co.bw/index/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=34&amp;layout=blog&amp;Itemid=37 Game da Botswana]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>h2y7gvsgrpac92lzbfyn9adzuxfylj5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mathias Ugochukwu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844824</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:01:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mathias Ugochukwu | birth_name = Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu | birth_date = 1926 | birth_place = Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria | death_date = 1990 | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana’antu | known_for = Ci gaban masana’antu a Gabashin Najeriya }}  '''Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu''' (1926–1990) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana’antu daga Jihar Anambra a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar...</comment>
      <origin>844824</origin>
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      <text bytes="3350" sha1="h8mqh5b40f4ingw2r6nz1ifyvh6aaog" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Mathias Ugochukwu
| birth_name = Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu
| birth_date = 1926
| birth_place = Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria
| death_date = 1990
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana’antu
| known_for = Ci gaban masana’antu a Gabashin Najeriya
}}

'''Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu''' (1926–1990) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana’antu daga Jihar Anambra a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Igbo da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa manyan masana’antu da harkokin kasuwanci a yankin Gabashin Najeriya. An fi saninsa da laƙabin '''Ugobuzuo'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Ugochukwu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Ugochukwu a garin Umunze da ke yankin Orumba ta Kudu a Jihar Anambra. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a St. Augustine's Primary School da ke Umunze. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Jos a matsayin mai kula da gida kafin ya shiga rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu Biography |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16491/mathias-ugochukwu |website=Manpower Nigeria |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
Rayuwar kasuwancin Ugochukwu ta samu babban sauyi bayan ya lashe kusan fam dubu hamsin (£50,000) a gasar Irish Sweepstake. Bayan haka ya bar aikin gwamnati ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci gaba ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu |url=https://prabook.com/web/mathias.ugochukwu/2280427 |website=Prabook |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kafa kamfanoni da dama a fannonin sufuri, shigo da kayayyaki, gidaje da masana’antu. Haka kuma ya yi hulɗar kasuwanci da kamfanin John Holt Nigeria inda daga baya ya zama shugaban kamfanin. Ya kasance cikin ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka samu damar mallakar hannun jari a manyan kamfanonin ƙasa bayan manufofin indigenization na shekarun 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Ugochukwu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mukamai ==
Ugochukwu ya riƙe mukamai masu muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Najeriya. A shekarar 1964 an naɗa shi shugaban farko na Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB). Haka kuma ya shugabanci wasu manyan kamfanoni da hukumomi na kasuwanci da ci gaban masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu Biography |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16491/mathias-ugochukwu |website=Manpower Nigeria |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa da tasiri ==
Mathias Ugochukwu yana da kusanci da wasu manyan ‘yan siyasar Igbo kamar su {{ill|K. O. Mbadiwe}} da kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Alex Ekwueme. Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan dangantaka ta siyasa ta iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka tsare shi a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Muhammadu Buhari a shekarun 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mathias Ugochukwu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Ugochukwu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Mathias Ugochukwu ya rasu a shekarar 1990 bayan ya bar tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa masana’antu da tattalin arziki a yankin Gabashin ƙasar.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844834</id>
      <parentid>844824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:10:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed unreliable refs</comment>
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      <text bytes="2424" sha1="1vqlk8u7y08s0i3lo6vg4iu3ued4str" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Mathias Ugochukwu
| birth_name = Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu
| birth_date = 1926
| birth_place = Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria
| death_date = 1990
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana’antu
| known_for = Ci gaban masana’antu a Gabashin Najeriya
}}

'''Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu''' (1926–1990) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana’antu daga Jihar Anambra a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Igbo da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa manyan masana’antu da harkokin kasuwanci a yankin Gabashin Najeriya. An fi saninsa da laƙabin '''Ugobuzuo'''.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Ugochukwu a garin Umunze da ke yankin Orumba ta Kudu a Jihar Anambra. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a St. Augustine's Primary School da ke Umunze. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Jos a matsayin mai kula da gida kafin ya shiga rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya.

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
Rayuwar kasuwancin Ugochukwu ta samu babban sauyi bayan ya lashe kusan fam dubu hamsin (£50,000) a gasar Irish Sweepstake. Bayan haka ya bar aikin gwamnati ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci gaba ɗaya.

Ya kafa kamfanoni da dama a fannonin sufuri, shigo da kayayyaki, gidaje da masana’antu. Haka kuma ya yi hulɗar kasuwanci da kamfanin John Holt Nigeria inda daga baya ya zama shugaban kamfanin. Ya kasance cikin ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka samu damar mallakar hannun jari a manyan kamfanonin ƙasa bayan manufofin indigenization na shekarun 1970.

== Mukamai ==
Ugochukwu ya riƙe mukamai masu muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Najeriya. A shekarar 1964 an naɗa shi shugaban farko na Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB). Haka kuma ya shugabanci wasu manyan kamfanoni da hukumomi na kasuwanci da ci gaban masana’antu.

== Siyasa da tasiri ==
Mathias Ugochukwu yana da kusanci da wasu manyan ‘yan siyasar Igbo kamar su {{ill|K. O. Mbadiwe}} da kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Alex Ekwueme. Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan dangantaka ta siyasa ta iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka tsare shi a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Muhammadu Buhari a shekarun 1980.

== Mutuwa ==
Mathias Ugochukwu ya rasu a shekarar 1990 bayan ya bar tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa masana’antu da tattalin arziki a yankin Gabashin ƙasar.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1vqlk8u7y08s0i3lo6vg4iu3ued4str</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844835</id>
      <parentid>844834</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:10:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mukamai */</comment>
      <origin>844835</origin>
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      <text bytes="2682" sha1="11yadcj6l4ztaggs7m186r4e2u5q7c2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Mathias Ugochukwu
| birth_name = Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu
| birth_date = 1926
| birth_place = Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria
| death_date = 1990
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana’antu
| known_for = Ci gaban masana’antu a Gabashin Najeriya
}}

'''Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu''' (1926–1990) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana’antu daga Jihar Anambra a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Igbo da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa manyan masana’antu da harkokin kasuwanci a yankin Gabashin Najeriya. An fi saninsa da laƙabin '''Ugobuzuo'''.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Ugochukwu a garin Umunze da ke yankin Orumba ta Kudu a Jihar Anambra. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a St. Augustine's Primary School da ke Umunze. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Jos a matsayin mai kula da gida kafin ya shiga rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya.

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
Rayuwar kasuwancin Ugochukwu ta samu babban sauyi bayan ya lashe kusan fam dubu hamsin (£50,000) a gasar Irish Sweepstake. Bayan haka ya bar aikin gwamnati ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci gaba ɗaya.

Ya kafa kamfanoni da dama a fannonin sufuri, shigo da kayayyaki, gidaje da masana’antu. Haka kuma ya yi hulɗar kasuwanci da kamfanin John Holt Nigeria inda daga baya ya zama shugaban kamfanin. Ya kasance cikin ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka samu damar mallakar hannun jari a manyan kamfanonin ƙasa bayan manufofin indigenization na shekarun 1970.

== Mukamai ==
Ugochukwu ya riƙe mukamai masu muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Najeriya. A shekarar 1964 an naɗa shi shugaban farko na Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB). Haka kuma ya shugabanci wasu manyan kamfanoni da hukumomi na kasuwanci da ci gaban masana’antu.

== Siyasa da tasiri ==
Mathias Ugochukwu yana da kusanci da wasu manyan ‘yan siyasar Igbo kamar su {{ill|K. O. Mbadiwe}} da kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Alex Ekwueme. Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan dangantaka ta siyasa ta iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka tsare shi a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Muhammadu Buhari a shekarun 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's book of firsts : a handbook on pioneer Nigerian citizens, institutions, and events|last=Nik.|first=Onyechi, N.|date=1989|publisher=Nigeriana Publications|isbn=978283999X|location=Owerri, Nigeria|pages=89|oclc=22140422}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Mathias Ugochukwu ya rasu a shekarar 1990 bayan ya bar tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa masana’antu da tattalin arziki a yankin Gabashin ƙasar.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>11yadcj6l4ztaggs7m186r4e2u5q7c2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844836</id>
      <parentid>844835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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      <comment>/* Mutuwa */</comment>
      <origin>844836</origin>
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      <text bytes="2935" sha1="avfawlxxuvn0enc9gwz8yotpt1ugfaa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Mathias Ugochukwu
| birth_name = Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu
| birth_date = 1926
| birth_place = Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria
| death_date = 1990
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, mai masana’antu
| known_for = Ci gaban masana’antu a Gabashin Najeriya
}}

'''Mathias Nwafor Ugochukwu''' (1926–1990) fitaccen ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai masana’antu daga Jihar Anambra a Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Igbo da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa manyan masana’antu da harkokin kasuwanci a yankin Gabashin Najeriya. An fi saninsa da laƙabin '''Ugobuzuo'''.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Ugochukwu a garin Umunze da ke yankin Orumba ta Kudu a Jihar Anambra. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a St. Augustine's Primary School da ke Umunze. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Jos a matsayin mai kula da gida kafin ya shiga rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya.

== Harkokin kasuwanci ==
Rayuwar kasuwancin Ugochukwu ta samu babban sauyi bayan ya lashe kusan fam dubu hamsin (£50,000) a gasar Irish Sweepstake. Bayan haka ya bar aikin gwamnati ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci gaba ɗaya.

Ya kafa kamfanoni da dama a fannonin sufuri, shigo da kayayyaki, gidaje da masana’antu. Haka kuma ya yi hulɗar kasuwanci da kamfanin John Holt Nigeria inda daga baya ya zama shugaban kamfanin. Ya kasance cikin ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka samu damar mallakar hannun jari a manyan kamfanonin ƙasa bayan manufofin indigenization na shekarun 1970.

== Mukamai ==
Ugochukwu ya riƙe mukamai masu muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Najeriya. A shekarar 1964 an naɗa shi shugaban farko na Nigerian Industrial Development Bank (NIDB). Haka kuma ya shugabanci wasu manyan kamfanoni da hukumomi na kasuwanci da ci gaban masana’antu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-07-18 |title=The Igbo Man and His Entrepreneurial Spirit |url=https://thetop10magazine.com.ng/the-igbo-man-and-his-entrepreneurial-spirit/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=The Top10 Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa da tasiri ==
Mathias Ugochukwu yana da kusanci da wasu manyan ‘yan siyasar Igbo kamar su {{ill|K. O. Mbadiwe}} da kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Alex Ekwueme. Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan dangantaka ta siyasa ta iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka tsare shi a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Muhammadu Buhari a shekarun 1980.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's book of firsts : a handbook on pioneer Nigerian citizens, institutions, and events|last=Nik.|first=Onyechi, N.|date=1989|publisher=Nigeriana Publications|isbn=978283999X|location=Owerri, Nigeria|pages=89|oclc=22140422}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Mathias Ugochukwu ya rasu a shekarar 1990 bayan ya bar tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa masana’antu da tattalin arziki a yankin Gabashin ƙasar.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>avfawlxxuvn0enc9gwz8yotpt1ugfaa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kanna Ravi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844828</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:02:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibraheemly</username>
        <id>45392</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353900746|Kanna Ravi]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kanna Ravi''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Indiya wanda ya fito a fina-finai na yaren Tamil . Bayan ya fara fim dinsa a fim din Tamil ''Veera'' (2018), ya kasance a fina-finai kamar ''Kaithi'' (2019), ''Rathasaatchi'' (2022) da Lover (2024).

== Ayyuka ==
Kanna Ravi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2012, horo a karkashin jagorancin Balu Mahendra, kuma da farko ya yi aiki a kan gajerun fina-finai da yawa. Musamman, ya taka muhimmiyar ''Rayuwa'' a fim din Dheeraj Vaidy na asali mai suna ''Jil Jung Juk'', da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin yanar gizo na Livin . Ya fara fim dinsa ta hanyar ''Veera'' (2018), yana aiki tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Kreshna . Daga baya aka gan shi a fina-finai ciki har da ''Kaithi'' na Lokesh Kanagaraj (2019) da ''Kuruthi Aattam'' na Sri Ganesh (2022), inda ya yi aiki tare da Atharvaa . 

Ya taka rawar sa ta farko a matsayin babban mai gabatarwa a cikin Rafiq Ismail's ''Rathasaatchi'' (2022), wasan kwaikwayo na aiki wanda ya danganci gajeren labarin Jeyamohan ''Kaithigal'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=ஜெயமோகன் சாரின் இந்தக்கதை அட்டகாசமானது.. நடிகர் கண்ணா ரவி நெகிழ்ச்சி |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaThuligal/this-story-of-jayamohan-sir-is-amazing-actor-kanna-ravi-leschi-854481 |website=www.dailythanthi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2018
|''Veera''
|Sura Murugan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2019
|''Kaithi''
|Ajas Ahmed (Sampath) 
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2021
|''Mandela''
|Mathi
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Saani Kaayidham''
|Maari
|
|-
|''Kuruthi Aattam''
|Muthu
|
|-
|''Rathasaatchi''
|Ƙarfafawa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2024
|''Mai ƙauna''
|Madhan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Coolie''
|Arjun
|
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Dandalin
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|2017
|''Rayuwa''
|
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[YouTube]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2023-08-07 |title='Livin' the big league dream |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Aug/07/livin-the-big-league-dream-2602626.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Ina ƙin ka Ina son ka: Babi na 1: Alarm ''
|Rahul
|
|-
|2022
|''Ƙarshen yatsan hannu''
|
|Zee5
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Fingertip Season 2 review: How dangers lurk on the Internet and use of technology |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fingertip-season-2-review-how-dangers-lurk-on-the-internet-and-use-of-technology-10804851.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|''Sufeto Rishi''
|Ayyanar
|Bidiyo na farko na Amazon
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025
|''Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponnum''
|Subash
|Aha Tamil
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kanna Ravi's Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponum gets premiere date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/28/kanna-ravis-madurai-paiyanum-chennai-ponum-gets-premiere-date |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Veduvan''
|Sooraj
|ZEE5
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |date=2025-09-17 |title=Veduvan on OTT: When and where to watch Kanna Ravi’s upcoming Tamil thriller series |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/veduvan-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-kanna-ravi-s-upcoming-tamil-thriller-series-11758055614250.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>ftuctbe5vl5bq2dop06l9i3faq512qh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844832</id>
      <parentid>844828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:05:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibraheemly</username>
        <id>45392</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844832</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3679" sha1="jk7lhm9802sbg1rodw41owtp57do1cs" xml:space="preserve">
 

{{Databox}}

'''Kanna Ravi''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Indiya wanda ya fito a fina-finai na yaren Tamil . Bayan ya fara fim dinsa a fim din Tamil ''Veera'' (2018), ya kasance a fina-finai kamar ''Kaithi'' (2019), ''Rathasaatchi'' (2022) da Lover (2024).

== Ayyuka ==
Kanna Ravi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2012, horo a karkashin jagorancin Balu Mahendra, kuma da farko ya yi aiki a kan gajerun fina-finai da yawa. Musamman, ya taka muhimmiyar ''Rayuwa'' a fim din Dheeraj Vaidy na asali mai suna ''Jil Jung Juk'', da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin yanar gizo na Livin . Ya fara fim dinsa ta hanyar ''Veera'' (2018), yana aiki tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Kreshna . Daga baya aka gan shi a fina-finai ciki har da ''Kaithi'' na Lokesh Kanagaraj (2019) da ''Kuruthi Aattam'' na Sri Ganesh (2022), inda ya yi aiki tare da Atharvaa . 

Ya taka rawar sa ta farko a matsayin babban mai gabatarwa a cikin Rafiq Ismail's ''Rathasaatchi'' (2022), wasan kwaikwayo na aiki wanda ya danganci gajeren labarin Jeyamohan ''Kaithigal'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 December 2022 |title=ஜெயமோகன் சாரின் இந்தக்கதை அட்டகாசமானது.. நடிகர் கண்ணா ரவி நெகிழ்ச்சி |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaThuligal/this-story-of-jayamohan-sir-is-amazing-actor-kanna-ravi-leschi-854481 |website=www.dailythanthi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Fim din
!Matsayi
!Bayani
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2018
|''Veera''
|Sura Murugan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2019
|''Kaithi''
|Ajas Ahmed (Sampath) 
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2021
|''Mandela''
|Mathi
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2022
|''Saani Kaayidham''
|Maari
|
|-
|''Kuruthi Aattam''
|Muthu
|
|-
|''Rathasaatchi''
|Ƙarfafawa
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2024
|''Mai ƙauna''
|Madhan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025
|''Coolie''
|Arjun
|
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Shekara
!Taken
!Matsayi
!Dandalin
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Bayani
|-
|2017
|''Rayuwa''
|
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[YouTube]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2023-08-07 |title='Livin' the big league dream |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Aug/07/livin-the-big-league-dream-2602626.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Ina ƙin ka Ina son ka: Babi na 1: Alarm ''
|Rahul
|
|-
|2022
|''Ƙarshen yatsan hannu''
|
|Zee5
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Fingertip Season 2 review: How dangers lurk on the Internet and use of technology |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fingertip-season-2-review-how-dangers-lurk-on-the-internet-and-use-of-technology-10804851.html |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2024
|''Sufeto Rishi''
|Ayyanar
|Bidiyo na farko na Amazon
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025
|''Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponnum''
|Subash
|Aha Tamil
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-01-28 |title=Kanna Ravi's Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponum gets premiere date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jan/28/kanna-ravis-madurai-paiyanum-chennai-ponum-gets-premiere-date |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Veduvan''
|Sooraj
|ZEE5
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Trisha |date=2025-09-17 |title=Veduvan on OTT: When and where to watch Kanna Ravi’s upcoming Tamil thriller series |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/veduvan-on-ott-when-and-where-to-watch-kanna-ravi-s-upcoming-tamil-thriller-series-11758055614250.html |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>jk7lhm9802sbg1rodw41owtp57do1cs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mfon Ekpo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153986</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844831</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:03:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mfon Ekpo | image = | birth_date = 16 Nuwamba 1982 | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, marubuciya, mai horas da shugabanci, mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban ɗan Adam | known_for = The Discovery Centre, horas da shugabanci, ci gaban matasa da mata }}  '''Mfon Ekpo''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 Nuwamba 1982) 'yar kasuwa ce daga Najeriya, marubuciya, mai horas da shugabanci da kuma ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara...</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5287" sha1="tm6un8uy8clsg3f9yqi03i3hiccn6hz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Mfon Ekpo
| image =
| birth_date = 16 Nuwamba 1982
| birth_place = Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = 'Yar kasuwa, marubuciya, mai horas da shugabanci, mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban ɗan Adam
| known_for = The Discovery Centre, horas da shugabanci, ci gaban matasa da mata
}}

'''Mfon Ekpo''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 Nuwamba 1982) 'yar kasuwa ce daga Najeriya, marubuciya, mai horas da shugabanci da kuma ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban ɗan Adam. Ta shahara a matsayin shugabar kamfanin '''The Discovery Centre''', cibiyar da ke horas da mutane da ƙungiyoyi kan shugabanci, haɓaka basira da bunƙasa harkokin kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Women’s empowerment is complex – Mfon Ekpo, CEO of The Discovery Centre |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/mfon-ekpo-ceo-of-the-discovery-centre/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
Mfon Ekpo ta yi karatu a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da Dokar Kasuwanci, Dokar Ruwa (Maritime Law), aikin jarida, gudanar da ayyuka (Project Management), warware rikice-rikice da kuma dabarun sadarwa na Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). Ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin Maritime Law daga Jami'ar Southampton da ke Ingila.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Mfon Ekpo Honoured with University of Southampton’s Outstanding Contribution Alumni Award |url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/mfon-ekpo-honoured-with-university-of-southamptons-outstanding-contribution-alumni-award-a-legacy-of-leadership-on-the-global-stage/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=29 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Mfon Ekpo ta kafa '''The Discovery Centre''', wata cibiyar horaswa da ci gaba da ke taimakawa mutane da ƙungiyoyi wajen gano basirarsu da kuma mayar da ita zuwa ayyukan da ke da tasiri ga tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Women’s empowerment is complex – Mfon Ekpo, CEO of The Discovery Centre |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/mfon-ekpo-ceo-of-the-discovery-centre/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance daga cikin shugabannin '''The Future Project''', ƙungiyar da ke mayar da hankali kan haɓaka matasan Afirka da ƙarfafa su a fannoni daban-daban na shugabanci da kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mfon Ekpo |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfon_Ekpo |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma, Mfon Ekpo memba ce ta ƙungiyar '''Maxwell Leadership Team''' (wanda a baya ake kira John Maxwell Team), inda take koyar da dabarun shugabanci da ci gaban ɗan Adam ga shugabanni da masu sana'o'i a ƙasashe daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Expert emphasises alternative wealth systems for economic development |url=https://guardian.ng/news/expert-emphasises-alternative-wealth-systems-for-economic-development/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara da mai horaswa ga hukumomin gwamnati, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Wentors announces Mfon Ekpo as new board member |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/wentors-announces-mfon-ekpo-as-new-board-member-to-further-drive-diversity-and-inclusion-of-women-in-the-tech-industry-through-mentorship/ |work=Nigeria Galleria |date=15 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jagoranci da tasiri ==
A shekarar 2014, Mfon Ekpo ta kasance cikin rukunin farko na shirin '''Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) Mandela Washington Fellowship''' wanda tsohon shugaban Amurka Barack Obama ya ƙaddamar domin haɓaka shugabannin matasa a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mfonobong Ekpo |url=https://www.wikimzansi.com/mfonobong-ekpo/ |website=WikiMzansi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta yi jawabai da horaswa a cibiyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da Jami'ar Oxford, Harvard, Yale da sauran manyan jami'o'i na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Women’s empowerment is complex – Mfon Ekpo, CEO of The Discovery Centre |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/mfon-ekpo-ceo-of-the-discovery-centre/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo ==
* An zaɓe ta cikin mata 100 mafi tasiri da ƙarfafawa a Najeriya.
* Ta samu lambar yabo ta '''Outstanding Contribution Alumni Award''' daga Jami'ar Southampton a shekarar 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Mfon Ekpo Honoured with University of Southampton’s Outstanding Contribution Alumni Award |url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/mfon-ekpo-honoured-with-university-of-southamptons-outstanding-contribution-alumni-award-a-legacy-of-leadership-on-the-global-stage/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=29 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta '''Golden Quill Award''' sau biyu daga National Academy of Bestselling Authors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Women’s empowerment is complex – Mfon Ekpo, CEO of The Discovery Centre |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/mfon-ekpo-ceo-of-the-discovery-centre/ |work=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian women entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:Nigerian writers]]
[[Category:Leadership consultants]]
[[Category:University of Southampton alumni]]</text>
      <sha1>tm6un8uy8clsg3f9yqi03i3hiccn6hz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dekunle Okunrinboye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153987</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844833</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:06:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi:   '''Dekunle Remi Jr. Okunrinboye''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan masana’antu daga Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Kamfanin '''DK Industries Group''', kamfani mai harkoki a fannoni daban-daban kamar su sufuri, kayayyakin masarufi, gidaje, makamashi da saka hannun jari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Dekunle Okunrinboye shares entrepreneural journey to success |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/dekunle-okunrinboye-shares-e...</comment>
      <origin>844833</origin>
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      <text bytes="4497" sha1="ezjo2xd8vzxjql8zrsp9n00kd0zzglw" xml:space="preserve">

'''Dekunle Remi Jr. Okunrinboye''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan masana’antu daga Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban Kamfanin '''DK Industries Group''', kamfani mai harkoki a fannoni daban-daban kamar su sufuri, kayayyakin masarufi, gidaje, makamashi da saka hannun jari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Dekunle Okunrinboye shares entrepreneural journey to success |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/dekunle-okunrinboye-shares-entrepreneural-journey-to-success/ |work=BusinessDay |date=6 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Okunrinboye a birnin Akure da ke Jihar Ondo, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a makarantu daban-daban kafin ya wuce Jami’ar Babcock da ke Jihar Ogun, inda ya samu digiri a fannin '''Business Administration and Marketing'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nigerian entrepreneur improving passion for Business |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/06/26/nigerian-entrepreneur-improving-passion-for-business/ |work=P.M. News |date=26 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Unemployment: Young Entrepreneurs Should Be Encouraged, Supported |url=https://leadership.ng/unemployment-young-entrepreneurs-should-be-encouraged-supported/ |work=Leadership |date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Kafin kafa kamfaninsa, Okunrinboye ya yi aiki a kamfanin '''Team of Dedicated Achievers Ltd. (TODA)''', inda ya kai matsayin Babban Darakta (CEO). Bayan haka ya kafa '''DK Industries Group''' a shekarar 2015, wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kamfanin sufuri (haulage) kafin ya bunƙasa zuwa wasu fannoni na kasuwanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How I stay ahead of competition – Dekunle Okunrinboye, entrepreneur |url=https://guardian.ng/features/how-i-stay-ahead-of-competition-dekunle-okunrinboye-entrepreneur/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=7 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Dekunle Okunrinboye shares entrepreneural journey to success |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/dekunle-okunrinboye-shares-entrepreneural-journey-to-success/ |work=BusinessDay |date=6 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan kasuwar Najeriya da suka yi tasiri a harkar fitar da koko zuwa ƙasashen waje, inda rahotanni suka nuna cewa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a kasuwar koko ta Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nigerian entrepreneur improving passion for Business |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/06/26/nigerian-entrepreneur-improving-passion-for-business/ |work=P.M. News |date=26 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A hirarraki daban-daban da ya yi da kafafen yaɗa labarai, Okunrinboye ya jaddada muhimmancin juriya, tsari da binciken kasuwa wajen samun nasarar kasuwanci a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Doing business in Nigeria requires persistence, resilience – Entrepreneur, Okunrinboye |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/05/doing-business-in-nigeria-requires-persistence-resilience-entrepreneur-okunrinboye/ |work=Vanguard |date=4 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Many young entrepreneurs jump into business without roadmap – Dekunle Okunrinboye |url=https://dailytimesng.com/many-young-entrepreneurs-jump-into-business-without-roadmap-dekunle-okunrinboye/ |work=Daily Times Nigeria |date=7 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
* '''Young Entrepreneur of the Year''' – Ondo State Youth Coalition Awards (2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=DK Industries Group CEO, Dekunle Okunrinboye, Wins Ondo State Youth Coalition Awards |url=https://leadership.ng/dk-industries-group-ceo-dekunle-okunrinboye-wins-ondo-state-youth-coalition-awards/ |work=Leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Most Promising Entrepreneur''' – Jami’ar Babcock (2023).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Babcock University Honors Dekunle Okunrinboye as Most Promising Entrepreneur |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan kasuwanci ==
Okunrinboye ya bayyana cewa binciken masu gasa, fahimtar canjin farashi da sabbin hanyoyin gudanar da kasuwanci suna daga cikin dabarun da yake amfani da su wajen ci gaba da samun nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=How I stay ahead of competition – Dekunle Okunrinboye, entrepreneur |url=https://guardian.ng/features/how-i-stay-ahead-of-competition-dekunle-okunrinboye-entrepreneur/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=7 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:People from Ondo State]]
[[Category:Babcock University alumni]]n̩</text>
      <sha1>ezjo2xd8vzxjql8zrsp9n00kd0zzglw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844843</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:22:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306138176|Elands River (North West)]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3469" sha1="kq4m8lqle1c9ucdyaopoan0xou2dh41" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort. Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop. A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop. 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu. An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==
Elands River (North West)Notwane RiverElands River (North West)ElandsrivierKgetlengElands River (North West)Notwane RiverElandsrivierKgetleng
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844845</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:23:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3328" sha1="tgn7bxrd0vizmr57yasnslwytyu14wn" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort. Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop. A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop. 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu. An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
      <sha1>tgn7bxrd0vizmr57yasnslwytyu14wn</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>844849</id>
      <parentid>844845</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:25:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kwarara */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3840" sha1="bcvxsf03pksvrh6a5lqzda1agydfy88" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu. An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu. An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844858</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:36:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
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'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt;

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu. An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844860</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:36:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>/* Tarihi */</comment>
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      <text bytes="4038" sha1="fu3quccf0cyilczgw2l0ekmgl5w0ee5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Elands''' (Tswana: Kgetleng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afrikaans:   Elandsrivier) yana cikin Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana cikin kogin Kada, wani ɓangare na [[kogin Limpopo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt;

 
== Kwarara ==
Kogin Elands ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Koster, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma, yana kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Swartruggens zuwa cikin madatsar ruwan Lindleyspoort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga bangon madatsar ruwan, tana karkata zuwa gabas da Silwerkrans kuma tana juyawa a cikin hanyar ENE a faɗin yankin na tsawon kilomita da yawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Swartruggens - North West Province South Africa |url=http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230214/http://www.tourismnorthwest.co.za/bojanala/swartruggens.html |archive-date=2012-04-01 |access-date=2012-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabashin gabas yana kwarara kudu da Pilanesberg, kusan 1.5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga wajen kewayen tsohon tsauni.

Kogin Ellands ya ci gaba da kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa madatsar ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, kimanin 5&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasa, tana haɗuwa da gefen hagu na Kogin Crocodile.  Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Koster River|Kogin Koster]], [[Selons River|Kogin Selons]] da [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex]], na biyu kuma yana haɗuwa da gefen dama a Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaalkop.htm Vaalkop (reservoir)]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Akwai ma'adinan platinum da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da shi kamar palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium da osmium, a cikin kwarin Kogin Elands, da kuma [[Zinare|zinariya]], nickel da jan ƙarfe da ke cikin ma'adanai. Babban birni ɗaya tilo a yankin shine Rustenburg. Sun City tana tsakanin Kogin Elands da dutsen Pilanesberg.

== Tarihi ==
Wannan kogin ya shahara da Yaƙin Kogin Elands na Yaƙin Anglo-Boer na Biyu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; An yi yaƙin a shekarar 1900 tsakanin rundunar Boers 2,000 zuwa 3,000 waɗanda suka kai hari kan sansanin sojojin [[Asturaliya|Australiya]], [[Rhodesia|Rhodesian]], [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]] 500 waɗanda aka sanya su a wurin zubar da kayayyaki a Brakfontein Drift. Yaƙin ya faru ne kusa da kogin a kan hanyar samar da kayayyaki tsakanin Rustenburg da Zeerust. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wulfsohn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wulfsohn |first=Lionel |year=1984 |title=Elands River: A Siege Which Possibly Changed the Course of History in South Africa |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol063lw.html |journal=Military History Journal |publisher=South African Military History Society |volume=6 |issue=3 |issn=0026-4016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin ==

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Lindleyspoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Gudanar da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico]
* [http://www.alltravels.com/south-africa/north-west/zwartruggens/photos/current-photo-58664048 Lambun Tunawa da Kogin Elands]
* [http://www.marico.co.za/Elandsriver/ Kawancen Filin Wasannin Elandsriver 4 - 16 ga Agusta 1900]
* Battle of Elands River 0</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Justice Kudirat Kekere-Ekun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844852</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Seun Osewa | birth_name = Oluwaseun Temitope Osewa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|7|17}} | birth_place = Ogun State, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Dan kasuwa, mai shirya kwamfuta, ɗan kasuwar intanet | known_for = Kafa Nairaland | years_active = 2005–zuwa yanzu }}  '''Oluwaseun Temitope Osewa''' (an haife shi ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da '''Seun Osewa''', ɗan kasuwar intanet ne kuma mai shirya kwamf...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3405" sha1="h4sdun54obvqoh9a7pjolwrx42g4egr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Seun Osewa
| birth_name = Oluwaseun Temitope Osewa
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|7|17}}
| birth_place = Ogun State, Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Dan kasuwa, mai shirya kwamfuta, ɗan kasuwar intanet
| known_for = Kafa Nairaland
| years_active = 2005–zuwa yanzu
}}

'''Oluwaseun Temitope Osewa''' (an haife shi ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da '''Seun Osewa''', ɗan kasuwar intanet ne kuma mai shirya kwamfuta daga Najeriya. Ya shahara ne saboda kafa '''Nairaland''', ɗaya daga cikin manyan dandalin tattaunawa na yanar gizo a Afirka. An ƙaddamar da Nairaland a watan Maris na shekarar 2005 domin samar da wuri ga 'yan Najeriya su tattauna batutuwan siyasa, kasuwanci, ilimi, fasaha da zamantakewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Seun Osewa |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seun_Osewa |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Seun Osewa a jihar Ogun, Najeriya. Ya shiga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo domin karantar Injiniyan Lantarki, amma bai kammala karatunsa ba saboda ya karkata hankalinsa zuwa harkokin shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da kasuwancin intanet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Seun Osewa: Everything You Need To Know About The Founder Of Nairaland |publisher=Nairaland |date=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Osewa ya fara gwada harkokin yanar gizo a farkon shekarun 2000 ta hanyar kasuwancin web hosting. Bayan wannan yunƙuri bai yi nasara sosai ba, ya ƙirƙiri wasu dandalan tattaunawa na intanet kafin daga bisani ya kafa Nairaland a shekarar 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Seun Osewa: Everything You Need To Know About The Founder Of Nairaland |publisher=Nairaland |date=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nairaland ya girma cikin sauri har ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo mafi yawan masu ziyara a Najeriya. Dandalin ya samu karɓuwa saboda tattaunawa kan harkokin yau da kullum, siyasa, ilimi, kasuwanci da fasaha. Rahotanni daga mujallar ''Forbes'' sun bayyana Nairaland a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan dandalan intanet a Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=30 Under 30: Africa's Best Young Entrepreneurs |publisher=Forbes |author=Mfonobong Nsehe |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
An san Seun Osewa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu kafa kamfanonin fasaha na Najeriya. Mujallar ''YNaija'' ta saka shi cikin jerin mutanen Najeriya mafi ƙirƙira a fannin fasaha, yayin da ''T.I.N Magazine'' ta ambace shi cikin manyan 'yan kasuwar intanet masu tasiri a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nigeria's 100 Most Innovative Persons in Technology |publisher=YNaija |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ten Most Influential Online Entrepreneurs In Nigeria |publisher=T.I.N Magazine |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nairaland ==
'''Nairaland''' dandali ne na tattaunawa da Seun Osewa ya kafa a shekarar 2005. Shafin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren tattaunawa na yanar gizo a Najeriya, inda miliyoyin masu amfani ke musayar ra'ayoyi kan batutuwa daban-daban. Kasuwancin shafin ya fi dogaro da tallace-tallace na intanet maimakon jari daga masu saka hannun jari na waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=30 Under 30: Africa's Best Young Entrepreneurs |publisher=Forbes |author=Mfonobong Nsehe |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Nigerian programmers]]
[[Category:Internet entrepreneurs]]
[[Category:People from Ogun State]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Mtshabezi</title>
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    <id>153990</id>
    <redirect title="Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi" />
    <revision>
      <id>844855</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:27:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Rashin ruwa na Mtshabezi]] to [[Madatsar ruwan Mtshabezi]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>844855</origin>
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  <page>
    <title>Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844859</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:36:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Short description|Babban malamin addinin Musulunci a Najeriya}} {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi | image =  | caption = Sheikh Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi | birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|11|7}} | birth_place = Gummi, Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, Najeriya ta Birtaniya | death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|9|11|1924|11|7}} | death_place = London, Ingila | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin Musulunci, Alƙali, Marubuci | known_for = Babban Alƙalin Shar...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5326" sha1="nabc1wby01z5pmdwv79jqm70l839ct0" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Babban malamin addinin Musulunci a Najeriya}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi
| image = 
| caption = Sheikh Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|11|7}}
| birth_place = Gummi, Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, Najeriya ta Birtaniya
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|9|11|1924|11|7}}
| death_place = London, Ingila
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin Musulunci, Alƙali, Marubuci
| known_for = Babban Alƙalin Shari'a (Grand Khadi) na Arewacin Najeriya, fassarar Alƙur'ani zuwa Hausa
| religion = Musulunci
| movement = Izala
}}

'''Sheikh Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi''' (7 Nuwamba 1924 – 11 Satumba 1992) fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Musulunci mafi tasiri a Arewacin Najeriya a ƙarni na 20. Ya yi suna a matsayin Babban Alƙalin Shari'a (Grand Khadi) na tsohuwar Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, sannan ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, koyarwa da kuma fassarar Alƙur'ani zuwa harshen Hausa. Ya kasance kusa da gwamnatin Sir Ahmadu Bello a shekarun 1950 da 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/nigerians-in-history-abubakar-mahmoud-gumi/|title=Nigerians In History: Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi|website=Connect Nigeria|date=29 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi a garin Gummi, a yankin da yanzu yake cikin Jihar Zamfara, Najeriya. Tun yana ƙarami ya samu ilimin addinin Musulunci daga mahaifinsa da sauran malamai a Arewacin Najeriya. Daga baya ya zurfafa karatunsa a fannoni daban-daban na fikihu da tafsirin Alƙur'ani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/nigerians-in-history-abubakar-mahmoud-gumi/|title=Nigerians In History: Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi|website=Connect Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Gumi ya yi aiki a matsayin malami da alƙali a yankunan Arewacin Najeriya. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashawarta ga Firimiya Sir Ahmadu Bello. A shekarar 1962 an naɗa shi Babban Alƙalin Shari'a (Grand Khadi) na Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin da aka soke tsarin yankin a shekarar 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar_Gumi|title=Abubakar Gumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinsa na malami, ya yi amfani da gidajen rediyo da talabijin wajen yaɗa koyarwar Musulunci. Wa'azinsa da tafsirinsa a Masallacin Sultan Bello da ke Kaduna sun jawo dubban masu sauraro a faɗin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/nigerians-in-history-abubakar-mahmoud-gumi/|title=Nigerians In History: Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi|website=Connect Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga Musulunci ==
Sheikh Gumi ya yi suna sosai wajen fassara Alƙur'ani mai girma zuwa harshen Hausa, wanda ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa fahimtar Alƙur'ani ga miliyoyin Hausawa a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma. Haka kuma ya rubuta littattafai da dama kan tafsiri, fikihu da tauhidi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://articles.connectnigeria.com/nigerians-in-history-abubakar-mahmoud-gumi/|title=Nigerians In History: Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi|website=Connect Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman da suka yi kira ga komawa ga Alƙur'ani da Sunnah kai tsaye, tare da sukar wasu al'adu da yake ganin ba su da tushe a addini. Ra'ayoyinsa sun yi tasiri wajen samuwar daɗaɗɗen motsin gyaran addini a Arewacin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theinterviewsng.com/from-the-archive-tell-magazine-in-1992-described-gumis-father-as-nigerias-ayatollah/|title=From The Archive: TELL Magazine in 1992 Described Gumi's Father As Nigeria's 'Ayatollah'|website=The Interviews Nigeria|date=2 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==
A shekarar 1987, Sheikh Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi ya samu lambar yabo ta '''King Faisal International Prize''' daga Saudiyya saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen fassarar Alƙur'ani zuwa harshen Hausa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar_Gumi|title=Abubakar Gumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma gwamnatin Najeriya ta karrama shi da lambar yabo ta '''Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic (CFR)'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar_Gumi|title=Abubakar Gumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali ==
Daya daga cikin sanannun 'ya'yansa shi ne '''Sheikh Ahmad Abubakar Gumi''', malamin Musulunci kuma likita wanda ya ci gaba da gudanar da tafsiri da wa'azi a Masallacin Sultan Bello da ke Kaduna bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Abubakar_Gumi|title=Ahmad Abubakar Gumi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi ya rasu a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1992 a birnin London na ƙasar Ingila bayan fama da rashin lafiya. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a tsakanin al'ummar Musulmi a Najeriya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theinterviewsng.com/from-the-archive-tell-magazine-in-1992-described-gumis-father-as-nigerias-ayatollah/|title=From The Archive: TELL Magazine in 1992 Described Gumi's Father As Nigeria's 'Ayatollah'}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Duba kuma ==
* Ahmad Abubakar Gumi
* Ahmadu Bello
* Jama'atu Nasril Islam
* Izala

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gumi, Abubakar Mahmoud}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Zamfara]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:'Yan Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844861</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo | native_name = محمد ساني عمر ريجiyar ليمو | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|7|1}} | birth_place = Makka, Saudi Arabiya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Farfesa, Mai wa'azi | known_for = Tafsiri, Hadisi, Da'awa | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni | alma_mater = Islamic University of Madinah }}  '''Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo''' (an haife shi a...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5477" sha1="p09elbhe7kkqfras2ptc9ckk6j1rwne" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo
| native_name = محمد ساني عمر ريجiyar ليمو
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|7|1}}
| birth_place = Makka, Saudi Arabiya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Farfesa, Mai wa'azi
| known_for = Tafsiri, Hadisi, Da'awa
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
| alma_mater = Islamic University of Madinah
}}

'''Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1970 a Makka, Saudi Arabiya) fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya, masanin Hadisi da Tafsiri, kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano (BUK). Ya yi suna wajen koyar da ilimin Musulunci, gabatar da tafsirin Alƙur'ani, rubuce-rubucen ilimi, da kuma ayyukan da'awa a Najeriya da ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why I Translated Qur’an Exegesis in Hausa – Dr Rijiyar-Lemo |url=https://trustradio.com.ng/en/why-i-translated-quran-exegesis-in-hausa-cleric |work=Trust Radio |date=11 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da Karatu ==
An haifi Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo a birnin Makka na ƙasar Saudi Arabiya. Daga baya ya taso a Kano, Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a Khairul Bariyya Islamic Primary School Kano, sannan ya halarci Shahuci Junior Secondary School. Ya kammala karatun Islamic Studies a Government Arabic Teachers College da ke Gwale a shekarar 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tarihin Dr Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znUCF7FR1H0 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya sami gurbin karatu a Islamic University of Madinah inda ya karanci Hadisi da Islamic Studies. Ya kammala digirinsa na farko a shekarar 1994, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 2000. Daga baya ya ci gaba da bincike da karatun digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Hadisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tarihin Dr Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znUCF7FR1H0 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Koyarwa ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya dawo Najeriya inda ya shiga aikin koyarwa a Jami'ar Bayero Kano. Ya yi fice a matsayin masani a fannin Hadisi da Tafsiri, inda ya koyar da ɗalibai da dama tare da gudanar da bincike kan ilimin Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ramadaniyyat 1443: Ko da Mun Yi Saɓani |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1465070-ramadaniyyat-1443-ko-da-mun-yi-sabani-daga-dr-muhammad-sani-umar-rijiyar-lemo/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=9 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma ya kasance shugaban cibiyar bincike da fassara ta Imam Al-Bukhari da ke Kano, sannan shugaban Sheikh Ja'afar Islamic Documentation Centre (SJIDC).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tarihin Dr Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znUCF7FR1H0 |website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Da'awa da Tafsiri ==
Rijiyar Lemo ya yi fice wajen gabatar da tafsirin Alƙur'ani musamman a watan Ramadan a jihohin Kano, Bauchi da sauran wurare. Wa'azozinsa da darussansa suna isa ga dubban mutane ta kafafen rediyo, talabijin da intanet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bauchi Speaker Lauds Sheikh Rijiyar Lemo For Promoting Islamic Knowledge |url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2020/12/11/bauchi-speaker-lauds-sheikh-rijiyar-lemo-for-promoting-islamic-knowledge/ |work=Nigerian Tracker |date=11 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020 ya bayyana cewa ya fassara Tafsirin Alƙur'ani zuwa harshen Hausa domin sauƙaƙa fahimtar ma'anonin Alƙur'ani ga masu karatu da masu bincike.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why I Translated Qur’an Exegesis in Hausa – Dr Rijiyar-Lemo |url=https://trustradio.com.ng/en/why-i-translated-quran-exegesis-in-hausa-cleric |work=Trust Radio |date=11 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo ya rubuta littattafai da dama a harshen Larabci da Hausa kan ilimin Hadisi, Tafsiri da sauran fannoni na addinin Musulunci. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai wallafa tafsirin wasu surorin Alƙur'ani da kuma bincike kan masana Hadisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Scholar Authored 5 Chapters of the Qur’an in Tafseer Format |url=https://dailychronicle.org.ng/2022/04/15/renowned-islamic-scholar-authored-5-chapters-of-the-quran-in-tafseer-format/ |work=Daily Chronicle |date=15 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan Al'umma ==
A lokuta daban-daban, ya yi kira ga shugabanni da al'umma da su rungumi gaskiya, amana da tsoron Allah domin magance matsalolin tsaro da ci gaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sheikh Sani Rijiyar Lemo Proffers Measures in Tackling Insecurity, Economic Woes from Islamic Perspectives |url=https://dailychronicle.org.ng/2022/04/28/sheikh-sani-rijiyar-lemo-proffers-measures-in-tackling-insecurity-economic-woes-from-islamic-perspectives/ |work=Daily Chronicle |date=28 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Leaders, Followers Cautioned Against Breaking Pledges |url=https://dailytrust.com/leaders-followers-cautioned-against-breaking-pledges/ |work=Daily Trust |date=22 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
A shekarar 2022 gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba shi lambar girmamawa ta ƙasa ta '''Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON)''' saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a fannin ilimi da addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Gwamnatin Buhari Za ta Karrama Mashahurin Malamin Musulunci, Sani Rijiyar Lemu |url=https://hausa.legit.ng |work=Legit Hausa |date=2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kano]]
[[Category:Haihuwar 1970]]
[[Category:Masana Hadisi]]
[[Category:Farfesoshi na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe | image =  | caption = Sheikh Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe | birth_name = Muhammad Kabir Haruna | birth_place = Yamaltu/Deba, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni | occupation = Malamin addini, mai wa'azi, malami | known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, Jagorancin JIBWIS | organization = Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Ikamatis Sunnah (JIBWIS) }}  '''Muhammad Kabir Ha...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3258" sha1="njnpm3ddzdu2ndq6cin7acqippfzhco" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe
| image = 
| caption = Sheikh Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe
| birth_name = Muhammad Kabir Haruna
| birth_place = Yamaltu/Deba, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
| occupation = Malamin addini, mai wa'azi, malami
| known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, Jagorancin JIBWIS
| organization = Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Ikamatis Sunnah (JIBWIS)
}}

'''Muhammad Kabir Haruna Gombe''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Sheikh Kabiru Gombe''') fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya. Ya shahara wajen wa'azi, tafsirin Alƙur'ani da kuma ayyukan da'awa a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen Afirka. Yana daga cikin manyan shugabannin kungiyar '''Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Ikamatis Sunnah (JIBWIS)''', inda ya riƙe muƙamin Sakatare Janar na ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Izala links insecurity with killings of clerics |url=https://dailytrust.com/izala-links-insecurity-with-killings-of-clerics/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2014 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Muhammad Kabir Haruna a ƙaramar hukumar Yamaltu/Deba da ke Jihar Gombe a Najeriya. Ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci tun yana ƙarami, inda ya haddace Alƙur'ani tare da nazarin ilimomin tafsiri, hadisi da fikihu. Daga baya ya ci gaba da neman ilimi a wurare daban-daban ciki har da ƙasashen Larabawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kabiru Gombe |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabiru_Gombe |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki da Da'awa ==
Sheikh Kabiru Gombe ya fara ayyukansa a cikin kungiyar JIBWIS tun yana matashi, inda ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar agaji ta matasa da aka sani da ''Yan Agaji''. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a kungiyar, sannan aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Sakatare Janar na ƙasa a shekarar 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Izala links insecurity with killings of clerics |url=https://dailytrust.com/izala-links-insecurity-with-killings-of-clerics/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2014 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya yi fice wajen gabatar da tafsirin Ramadan da wa'azuzzuka a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. Haka kuma ya gudanar da ayyukan da'awa a ƙasashe kamar Nijar, Kamaru, Chadi da Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kabiru Gombe |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabiru_Gombe |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi da Tasiri ==
Kabiru Gombe yana daga cikin malaman da suka yi kira ga zaman lafiya da kaucewa rikice-rikice a Najeriya. A shekarar 2024 ya bukaci matasa su rungumi tattaunawa da lumana maimakon shiga zanga-zangar da za ta iya jawo tashin hankali.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Don't protest against govt, clerics urge youth |url=https://dailytrust.com/dont-protest-against-govt-clerics-urge-youth/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2024 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma ya yi magana kan matsalolin fyade da cin zarafin mata, inda ya bayyana cewa masu aikata fyade ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin masu ta'addanci saboda illar da laifinsu ke yi ga al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rapist are terrorists — Shaikh Gombe |url=https://dailytrust.com/rapist-are-terrorists-shaikh-gombe/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2020 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jagoranci a JIBWIS ==
A matsayinsa na</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ibrahim Khalil</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | honorific_prefix = Sheikɱ̍h | name = Ibrahim Khalil | native_name = إبراهيم خليل | birth_place = Kano, Najeriya | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci | known_for = Shugabancin Majalisar Malamai ta Jihar Kano (Council of Ulama) | religion = Musulunci }}  '''Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna musamman a Jihar Kano da ma Arewacin Najeriya baki ɗaya. Ya kasance shugaban '''M...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4489" sha1="3p0fhzomfg434um8up863ulavwtm2di" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| honorific_prefix = Sheikɱ̍h
| name = Ibrahim Khalil
| native_name = إبراهيم خليل
| birth_place = Kano, Najeriya
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci
| known_for = Shugabancin Majalisar Malamai ta Jihar Kano (Council of Ulama)
| religion = Musulunci
}}

'''Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna musamman a Jihar Kano da ma Arewacin Najeriya baki ɗaya. Ya kasance shugaban '''Majalisar Malamai ta Jihar Kano (Kano State Council of Ulama)''', kuma yana daga cikin fitattun malaman Musulunci da suka yi tasiri a harkokin wa'azi, ilimi da al'amuran zamantakewa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Kano cleric, Ibrahim Khalil, joins ADC |url=https://dailytrust.com/prominent-kano-cleric-ibrahim-khalil-joins-adc/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da Ayyuka ==

Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil ya shahara wajen gudanar da wa'azi da koyar da addinin Musulunci a Kano da sauran sassan Najeriya. Tsawon shekaru yana daga cikin manyan malamai masu tasiri a harkokin addini da al'umma, inda ya kasance yana gabatar da huɗubobi da darussa kan batutuwan Musulunci da zamantakewa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Scholar advises Imams on ethics of preaching |url=https://dailytimesng.com/scholar-advises-imams-on-ethics-of-preaching/ |work=Daily Times Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An san shi da salon wa'azi mai natsuwa da kuma ƙoƙarin haɗa kan mabambantan ƙungiyoyin Musulmi a Kano. Wasu masu bibiyar harkokin addini sun bayyana shi a matsayin malami wanda yake mu'amala da mabiyan mazhabobi daban-daban cikin adalci da girmamawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Intrigues Behind Kano Ulama Council’s Leadership Crisis |url=https://dailytrust.com/intrigues-behind-kano-ulama-councils-leadership-crisis/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shugabancin Majalisar Malamai ta Kano ==

Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil ya zama shugaban '''Kano State Council of Ulama''', wata ƙungiya da ke haɗa manyan malaman Musulunci daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a jihar Kano. A matsayinsa na shugaba, ya jagoranci shirye-shiryen addini da zamantakewa tare da bayar da shawarwari kan al'amuran da suka shafi Musulmi da gwamnati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Council of Ulama crisis: Sheikh Khalil finally breaks silence |url=https://dailytrust.com/council-of-ulama-crisis-sheikh-khalil-finally-breaks-silence/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020, an samu rikici a cikin majalisar malamai wanda ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce kan shugabancinsa. Wasu daga cikin mambobin majalisar sun sanar da dakatar da shi daga shugabanci, lamarin da ya haifar da martani daga wasu malamai da magoya bayansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kano Council of Ulama suspends Khalil as leader |url=https://dailytrust.com/kano-council-of-ulama-suspends-khalil-as-leader/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Council of Ulama crisis: Sheikh Khalil finally breaks silence |url=https://dailytrust.com/council-of-ulama-crisis-sheikh-khalil-finally-breaks-silence/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan rikicin, wasu daga cikin malaman da ke cikin majalisar sun ci gaba da nuna goyon baya gare shi tare da bayyana cewa shi ne halastaccen shugaban majalisar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Intrigues Behind Kano Ulama Council’s Leadership Crisis |url=https://dailytrust.com/intrigues-behind-kano-ulama-councils-leadership-crisis/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin Siyasa ==

Baya ga harkokin addini, Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil ya shiga harkokin siyasa a wasu lokuta. A shekarar 2021 ya shiga jam'iyyar '''African Democratic Congress (ADC)''' bayan ficewarsa daga jam'iyyar APC. Ya bayyana cewa matakin ya samo asali ne daga damuwarsa kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin siyasa da mulki a Kano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Kano cleric, Ibrahim Khalil, joins ADC |url=https://dailytrust.com/prominent-kano-cleric-ibrahim-khalil-joins-adc/ |work=Daily Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi ==

Sheikh Ibrahim Khalil ya yi kira ga limamai da masu wa'azi da su kiyaye ƙa'idojin wa'azi tare da guje wa kalaman da za su iya haifar da rikici ko rashin zaman lafiya a cikin al'umma. Ya jaddada muhimmancin amfani da huɗubobi wajen ilmantarwa da gyaran al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Scholar advises Imams on ethics of preaching |url=https://dailytimesng.com/scholar-advises-imams-on-ethics-of-preaching/ |work=Daily Times Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kano]]
[[Category:Masu wa'azi na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Musulmai na Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320343656|Crocodile River (Limpopo)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Crocodile'''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;  kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. A lokacin da ya haɗu da [[Kogin Marico]], an samar da [[Kogin Limpopo]]. 

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|285x285px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Kada a kudancin Thabazimbi]]
Kogin Kada yana da tushe a cikin tsaunin Witwatersrand, wanda ya samo asali daga Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, lardin Gauteng. Madatsar ruwa ta farko da ke kan kogin ita ce Madatsar Ruwa ta Tafkin Heritage da ke yammacin Filin Jirgin Sama na Lanseria. A arewacin wannan filin jirgin saman akwai mahaɗar sa da Kogin Jukskei. Bugu da ƙari, zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma akwai Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort  da Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Bayan Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort, rafin ya ratsa garin Brits. [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]] ya haɗu ƙasa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop, kimanin 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, Kogin Pienaars ya haɗu da gefen dama, jim kaɗan bayan ya fita daga [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|madatsar ruwa ta Klipvoor]].

A lardin Limpopo, kimanin mutane 35&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, kogin ya ratsa garin Thabazimbi kuma ya yi tafiyar kilomita da yawa ta cikin wani yanki da ba kowa a ciki kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Marico a yammacin Rooibokkraal a iyakar lardin Arewa maso Yamma don samar da farkon Kogin Limpopo. 

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Rarraba kogin Crocodile sun hada da Bloubankspruit, Kogin Hennops, Kogin Jukskei, Kogin Magalies, Kogin Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Kogin Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]], Kogin Bierspruit da Kogin Lahadi. 

== Gurɓatawa ==
[[Fayil:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb|Girman ruwa mai yawa na hyacinth yana lalata ingancin ruwan Hartbeespoort Dam]]
Kogin Kada yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin koguna mafi gurɓata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Illolin gurɓataccen yanayi daga manyan biranen Afirka ta Kudu guda biyu, [[Johannesburg]] da Tshwane, sun yi illa ga yanayin muhallin tsarin. Rashin kula da [[sharar masana'antu]], hakar ma'adinai, [[Sharar halittu|noma]] da [[Datti da sharar gida|gidaje]] ya lalata ingancin ruwa a mafi yawan lokutansa kuma ya haifar da manyan [[Algae bloom|furannin algae]] a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Hartbeespoort da madatsar ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu mamaye sun yi mummunan tasiri ga amincin tsarin. Ayyukan noma marasa dorewa sun haifar da yawan laka da zaizayar ƙasa da ke ƙara cutar da kogin.

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam05.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayin Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort]]
Kogin Kada wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico. Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin sune:

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies
* [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Dam]], a cikin Rietvlei River
* [[Dam ɗin Bon Accord|Bon Accord Dam]] da [[Leeukraal Dam]], a cikin Kogin Apies
* [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|Dam din Klipvoor]] da [[Dam ɗin Roodeplaat|Roodeplaat Dam]], a cikin Kogin Pienaars/ Moretele
* Vaalkop Dam, a cikin [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]]
* [[Dam ɗin Bospoort|Dam Bospoort]], a cikin [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex (Matshukubjana)]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

== Crocodile River (Limpopo)Crocodile River (Limpopo)Crocodile River (Limpopo)Crocodile River (Limpopo) ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico] Archived  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Tasirin halitta da na ɗan adam kan ingancin ruwa: misali daga koguna da ke zubar da Johannesburg Granite Dome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 Kogi yana ratsawa ta lardin Limpopo]
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&amp;script=sci_arttext Tasirin amfani da ƙasa kan ingancin ruwa da kuma tsarin al'umma na diatom a cikin kogunan birane da na noma da ke fama da matsin lamba]</text>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
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'''Kogin Crocodile'''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;  kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. A lokacin da ya haɗu da [[Kogin Marico]], an samar da [[Kogin Limpopo]]. 

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|285x285px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Kada a kudancin Thabazimbi]]
Kogin Kada yana da tushe a cikin tsaunin Witwatersrand, wanda ya samo asali daga Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, lardin Gauteng. Madatsar ruwa ta farko da ke kan kogin ita ce Madatsar Ruwa ta Tafkin Heritage da ke yammacin Filin Jirgin Sama na Lanseria. A arewacin wannan filin jirgin saman akwai mahaɗar sa da Kogin Jukskei. Bugu da ƙari, zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma akwai Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort  da Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Bayan Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort, rafin ya ratsa garin Brits. [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]] ya haɗu ƙasa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop, kimanin 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, Kogin Pienaars ya haɗu da gefen dama, jim kaɗan bayan ya fita daga [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|madatsar ruwa ta Klipvoor]].

A lardin Limpopo, kimanin mutane 35&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, kogin ya ratsa garin Thabazimbi kuma ya yi tafiyar kilomita da yawa ta cikin wani yanki da ba kowa a ciki kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Marico a yammacin Rooibokkraal a iyakar lardin Arewa maso Yamma don samar da farkon Kogin Limpopo. 

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Rarraba kogin Crocodile sun hada da Bloubankspruit, Kogin Hennops, Kogin Jukskei, Kogin Magalies, Kogin Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Kogin Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]], Kogin Bierspruit da Kogin Lahadi. 

== Gurɓatawa ==
[[Fayil:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb|Girman ruwa mai yawa na hyacinth yana lalata ingancin ruwan Hartbeespoort Dam]]
Kogin Kada yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin koguna mafi gurɓata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Illolin gurɓataccen yanayi daga manyan biranen Afirka ta Kudu guda biyu, [[Johannesburg]] da Tshwane, sun yi illa ga yanayin muhallin tsarin. Rashin kula da [[sharar masana'antu]], hakar ma'adinai, [[Sharar halittu|noma]] da [[Datti da sharar gida|gidaje]] ya lalata ingancin ruwa a mafi yawan lokutansa kuma ya haifar da manyan [[Algae bloom|furannin algae]] a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Hartbeespoort da madatsar ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu mamaye sun yi mummunan tasiri ga amincin tsarin. Ayyukan noma marasa dorewa sun haifar da yawan laka da zaizayar ƙasa da ke ƙara cutar da kogin.

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam05.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayin Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort]]
Kogin Kada wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico. Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin sune:

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies
* [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Dam]], a cikin Rietvlei River
* [[Dam ɗin Bon Accord|Bon Accord Dam]] da [[Leeukraal Dam]], a cikin Kogin Apies
* [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|Dam din Klipvoor]] da [[Dam ɗin Roodeplaat|Roodeplaat Dam]], a cikin Kogin Pienaars/ Moretele
* Vaalkop Dam, a cikin [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]]
* [[Dam ɗin Bospoort|Dam Bospoort]], a cikin [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex (Matshukubjana)]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico] Archived  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Tasirin halitta da na ɗan adam kan ingancin ruwa: misali daga koguna da ke zubar da Johannesburg Granite Dome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 Kogi yana ratsawa ta lardin Limpopo]
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&amp;script=sci_arttext Tasirin amfani da ƙasa kan ingancin ruwa da kuma tsarin al'umma na diatom a cikin kogunan birane da na noma da ke fama da matsin lamba]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844868</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Crocodile'''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;  kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. A lokacin da ya haɗu da [[Kogin Marico]], an samar da [[Kogin Limpopo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|285x285px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Kada a kudancin Thabazimbi]]
Kogin Kada yana da tushe a cikin tsaunin Witwatersrand, wanda ya samo asali daga Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, lardin Gauteng. Madatsar ruwa ta farko da ke kan kogin ita ce Madatsar Ruwa ta Tafkin Heritage da ke yammacin Filin Jirgin Sama na Lanseria. A arewacin wannan filin jirgin saman akwai mahaɗar sa da Kogin Jukskei. Bugu da ƙari, zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma akwai Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort  da Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Bayan Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort, rafin ya ratsa garin Brits. [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]] ya haɗu ƙasa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop, kimanin 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, Kogin Pienaars ya haɗu da gefen dama, jim kaɗan bayan ya fita daga [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|madatsar ruwa ta Klipvoor]].

A lardin Limpopo, kimanin mutane 35&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, kogin ya ratsa garin Thabazimbi kuma ya yi tafiyar kilomita da yawa ta cikin wani yanki da ba kowa a ciki kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Marico a yammacin Rooibokkraal a iyakar lardin Arewa maso Yamma don samar da farkon Kogin Limpopo. 

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Rarraba kogin Crocodile sun hada da Bloubankspruit, Kogin Hennops, Kogin Jukskei, Kogin Magalies, Kogin Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Kogin Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]], Kogin Bierspruit da Kogin Lahadi. 

== Gurɓatawa ==
[[Fayil:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb|Girman ruwa mai yawa na hyacinth yana lalata ingancin ruwan Hartbeespoort Dam]]
Kogin Kada yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin koguna mafi gurɓata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Illolin gurɓataccen yanayi daga manyan biranen Afirka ta Kudu guda biyu, [[Johannesburg]] da Tshwane, sun yi illa ga yanayin muhallin tsarin. Rashin kula da [[sharar masana'antu]], hakar ma'adinai, [[Sharar halittu|noma]] da [[Datti da sharar gida|gidaje]] ya lalata ingancin ruwa a mafi yawan lokutansa kuma ya haifar da manyan [[Algae bloom|furannin algae]] a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Hartbeespoort da madatsar ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu mamaye sun yi mummunan tasiri ga amincin tsarin. Ayyukan noma marasa dorewa sun haifar da yawan laka da zaizayar ƙasa da ke ƙara cutar da kogin.

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam05.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayin Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort]]
Kogin Kada wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico. Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin sune:

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies
* [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Dam]], a cikin Rietvlei River
* [[Dam ɗin Bon Accord|Bon Accord Dam]] da [[Leeukraal Dam]], a cikin Kogin Apies
* [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|Dam din Klipvoor]] da [[Dam ɗin Roodeplaat|Roodeplaat Dam]], a cikin Kogin Pienaars/ Moretele
* Vaalkop Dam, a cikin [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]]
* [[Dam ɗin Bospoort|Dam Bospoort]], a cikin [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex (Matshukubjana)]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico] Archived  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Tasirin halitta da na ɗan adam kan ingancin ruwa: misali daga koguna da ke zubar da Johannesburg Granite Dome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 Kogi yana ratsawa ta lardin Limpopo]
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&amp;script=sci_arttext Tasirin amfani da ƙasa kan ingancin ruwa da kuma tsarin al'umma na diatom a cikin kogunan birane da na noma da ke fama da matsin lamba]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844874</id>
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        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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'''Kogin Crocodile'''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;  kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. A lokacin da ya haɗu da [[Kogin Marico]], an samar da [[Kogin Limpopo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|285x285px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Kada a kudancin Thabazimbi]]
Kogin Kada yana da tushe a cikin tsaunin Witwatersrand, wanda ya samo asali daga Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, lardin Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx Hartbeespoort Dam History] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120707124108/http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx |date=2012-07-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwa ta farko da ke kan kogin ita ce Madatsar Ruwa ta Tafkin Heritage da ke yammacin Filin Jirgin Sama na Lanseria. A arewacin wannan filin jirgin saman akwai mahaɗar sa da Kogin Jukskei. Bugu da ƙari, zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma akwai Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort  da Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Bayan Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort, rafin ya ratsa garin Brits. [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]] ya haɗu ƙasa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop, kimanin 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, Kogin Pienaars ya haɗu da gefen dama, jim kaɗan bayan ya fita daga [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|madatsar ruwa ta Klipvoor]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Projects/MCWAP/documents/EIAphase1Appendices/Appendix%20H/Appendix%20H3/Mokolo%20Crocodile%20Water%20Augmentation%20Project%20-%20Report.pdf Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)]&lt;/ref&gt;

A lardin Limpopo, kimanin mutane 35&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, kogin ya ratsa garin Thabazimbi kuma ya yi tafiyar kilomita da yawa ta cikin wani yanki da ba kowa a ciki kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Marico a yammacin Rooibokkraal a iyakar lardin Arewa maso Yamma don samar da farkon Kogin Limpopo.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Rarraba kogin Crocodile sun hada da Bloubankspruit, Kogin Hennops, Kogin Jukskei, Kogin Magalies, Kogin Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Kogin Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]], Kogin Bierspruit da Kogin Lahadi. 

== Gurɓatawa ==
[[Fayil:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb|Girman ruwa mai yawa na hyacinth yana lalata ingancin ruwan Hartbeespoort Dam]]
Kogin Kada yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin koguna mafi gurɓata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Illolin gurɓataccen yanayi daga manyan biranen Afirka ta Kudu guda biyu, [[Johannesburg]] da Tshwane, sun yi illa ga yanayin muhallin tsarin. Rashin kula da [[sharar masana'antu]], hakar ma'adinai, [[Sharar halittu|noma]] da [[Datti da sharar gida|gidaje]] ya lalata ingancin ruwa a mafi yawan lokutansa kuma ya haifar da manyan [[Algae bloom|furannin algae]] a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Hartbeespoort da madatsar ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu mamaye sun yi mummunan tasiri ga amincin tsarin. Ayyukan noma marasa dorewa sun haifar da yawan laka da zaizayar ƙasa da ke ƙara cutar da kogin.

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam05.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayin Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort]]
Kogin Kada wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico. Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin sune:

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies
* [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Dam]], a cikin Rietvlei River
* [[Dam ɗin Bon Accord|Bon Accord Dam]] da [[Leeukraal Dam]], a cikin Kogin Apies
* [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|Dam din Klipvoor]] da [[Dam ɗin Roodeplaat|Roodeplaat Dam]], a cikin Kogin Pienaars/ Moretele
* Vaalkop Dam, a cikin [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]]
* [[Dam ɗin Bospoort|Dam Bospoort]], a cikin [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex (Matshukubjana)]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico] Archived  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Tasirin halitta da na ɗan adam kan ingancin ruwa: misali daga koguna da ke zubar da Johannesburg Granite Dome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 Kogi yana ratsawa ta lardin Limpopo]
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&amp;script=sci_arttext Tasirin amfani da ƙasa kan ingancin ruwa da kuma tsarin al'umma na diatom a cikin kogunan birane da na noma da ke fama da matsin lamba]</text>
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'''Kogin Crocodile'''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Fred |title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 |journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 |pages=21–46}}&lt;/ref&gt;  kogi ne a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. A lokacin da ya haɗu da [[Kogin Marico]], an samar da [[Kogin Limpopo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|left|thumb|285x285px|Hoton NASA na Kogin Kada a kudancin Thabazimbi]]
Kogin Kada yana da tushe a cikin tsaunin Witwatersrand, wanda ya samo asali daga Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, lardin Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx Hartbeespoort Dam History] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120707124108/http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx |date=2012-07-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwa ta farko da ke kan kogin ita ce Madatsar Ruwa ta Tafkin Heritage da ke yammacin Filin Jirgin Sama na Lanseria. A arewacin wannan filin jirgin saman akwai mahaɗar sa da Kogin Jukskei. Bugu da ƙari, zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma akwai Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort  da Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Bayan Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort, rafin ya ratsa garin Brits. [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]] ya haɗu ƙasa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Vaalkop, kimanin 20&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, Kogin Pienaars ya haɗu da gefen dama, jim kaɗan bayan ya fita daga [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|madatsar ruwa ta Klipvoor]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Projects/MCWAP/documents/EIAphase1Appendices/Appendix%20H/Appendix%20H3/Mokolo%20Crocodile%20Water%20Augmentation%20Project%20-%20Report.pdf Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)]&lt;/ref&gt;

A lardin Limpopo, kimanin mutane 35&amp;nbsp;kilomita kaɗan bayan haka, kogin ya ratsa garin Thabazimbi kuma ya yi tafiyar kilomita da yawa ta cikin wani yanki da ba kowa a ciki kafin ya haɗu da Kogin Marico a yammacin Rooibokkraal a iyakar lardin Arewa maso Yamma don samar da farkon Kogin Limpopo.

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Rarraba kogin Crocodile sun hada da Bloubankspruit, Kogin Hennops, Kogin Jukskei, Kogin Magalies, Kogin Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Kogin Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]], Kogin Bierspruit da Kogin Lahadi. 

== Gurɓatawa ==
[[Fayil:Hartbeespoort_Dam,_North_West_(South_Africa).jpg|thumb|Girman ruwa mai yawa na hyacinth yana lalata ingancin ruwan Hartbeespoort Dam]]
Kogin Kada yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin koguna mafi gurɓata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Illolin gurɓataccen yanayi daga manyan biranen Afirka ta Kudu guda biyu, [[Johannesburg]] da Tshwane, sun yi illa ga yanayin muhallin tsarin. Rashin kula da [[sharar masana'antu]], hakar ma'adinai, [[Sharar halittu|noma]] da [[Datti da sharar gida|gidaje]] ya lalata ingancin ruwa a mafi yawan lokutansa kuma ya haifar da manyan [[Algae bloom|furannin algae]] a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Hartbeespoort da madatsar ruwa ta Roodekoppies. Nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu mamaye sun yi mummunan tasiri ga amincin tsarin. Ayyukan noma marasa dorewa sun haifar da yawan laka da zaizayar ƙasa da ke ƙara cutar da kogin.

== Dams ==
[[Fayil:South_Africa-Hartbeespoot_dam05.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayin Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort]]
Kogin Kada wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico. Madatsun ruwa a cikin kogin sune:

* Madatsar Ruwa ta Hartbeespoort
* Madatsar Ruwa ta Roodekoppies
* [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Dam]], a cikin Rietvlei River
* [[Dam ɗin Bon Accord|Bon Accord Dam]] da [[Leeukraal Dam]], a cikin Kogin Apies
* [[Dam ɗin Klipvoor|Dam din Klipvoor]] da [[Dam ɗin Roodeplaat|Roodeplaat Dam]], a cikin Kogin Pienaars/ Moretele
* Vaalkop Dam, a cikin [[Kogin Elands (Arewancin Yamma)|Kogin Elands]]
* [[Dam ɗin Bospoort|Dam Bospoort]], a cikin [[Hex River (Elands River)|Kogin Hex (Matshukubjana)]]

== Duba kuma ==

* Magudanar ruwa A
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Bayani game da Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma)/Marico] Archived  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Tasirin halitta da na ɗan adam kan ingancin ruwa: misali daga koguna da ke zubar da Johannesburg Granite Dome]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 Kogi yana ratsawa ta lardin Limpopo]
* [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&amp;script=sci_arttext Tasirin amfani da ƙasa kan ingancin ruwa da kuma tsarin al'umma na diatom a cikin kogunan birane da na noma da ke fama da matsin lamba]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Bin Uthman Kano</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Bin Uthman | native_name = Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman Kano | birth_date = 1963 | birth_place = Keffi, Jihar Nasarawa, Najeriya | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Limami, Marubuci | known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, da koyarwar Musulunci | religion = Musulunci }}  '''Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman Kano''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Najeriya wanda ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, tafsirin Alƙur'ani da koyar da...</comment>
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| name = Muhammad Bin Uthman
| native_name = Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman Kano
| birth_date = 1963
| birth_place = Keffi, Jihar Nasarawa, Najeriya
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Limami, Marubuci
| known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, da koyarwar Musulunci
| religion = Musulunci
}}

'''Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman Kano''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Najeriya wanda ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, tafsirin Alƙur'ani da koyar da ilimin addinin Musulunci a Arewacin Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen duniya masu amfani da harshen Hausa. Ya kasance babban limamin Masallacin Sahaba da ke Kano kuma yana daga cikin malamai da suka yi tasiri a tsakanin matasa da al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNZ5IsTvBKI |title=TAMBAYA DA AMSOSHI- Sheik Bin Usman Kano |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman a garin Keffi da ke Jihar Nasarawa a farkon shekarar 1963. Ya taso ne a Jihar Kano inda ya fara karatun Alƙur'ani da sauran littattafan addinin Musulunci tun yana ƙarami. Daga baya ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Bayero Kano inda ya samu digiri da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Tarihi da Kimiyyar Siyasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNZ5IsTvBKI |title=TAMBAYA DA AMSOSHI- Sheik Bin Usman Kano |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan addini ==
Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman ya shahara wajen gudanar da tafsirin watan Ramadan da kuma wa'azuzzuka a Najeriya da ƙasashen ketare. Ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban domin gabatar da laccoci da kira zuwa ga addinin Musulunci. Haka kuma ya bayyana a gidajen rediyo da talabijin da dama a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjQwLZBx4m8 |title=ILLAR-WAYA - SHEIKH BIN USMAN KANO |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Shehin malamin ya rubuta da gabatar da takardu kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da:

* Matsalar yawaitar saki da hanyoyin magance ta
* Matsalar shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi
* Tsaron ƙasa
* Illolin cin hanci da rashawa
* Haƙƙin mata da yara a Musulunci
* Kalubalen matasan Musulmi a wannan zamani
* Jihadi da ta'addanci daga mahangar malaman fikihu

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNZ5IsTvBKI |title=TAMBAYA DA AMSOSHI- Sheik Bin Usman Kano |website=YouTube |access-date=2026-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masallacin Sahaba ==
Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman ya daɗe yana jagorantar Masallacin Sahaba da ke Kano. A shekarar 2025 an samu sabani kan shugabancin wani sabon masallaci da ya haifar da muhawara a tsakanin mabiyansa da wasu shugabannin masallacin. Daga baya Majalisar Malamai ta Kano ta shiga tsakani inda aka cimma matsaya cewa zai ci gaba da jagorantar tsohon Masallacin Sahaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://dailyrealityng.com/2025/02/19/imamship-dispute-bin-uthman-to-return-to-old-sahaba-mosque-council-of-ulama/ |title=Imamship dispute: Bin Uthman to return to old Sahaba mosque – Council of ulama |work=The Daily Reality |date=2025-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2025 kuma an ruwaito cewa shugabannin sabon masallacin sun dakatar da shi daga gudanar da limanci da huɗuba sakamakon wata huɗuba da ta jawo ce-ce-ku-ce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://kanotimes.com.ng/2025/01/31/sahaba-mosque-sheikh-bin-uthman-suspended-faces-inquiry-over-controversial-sermon/ |title=Sahaba Mosque: Sheikh Bin Uthman Suspended, Faces Inquiry Over Controversial Sermon |work=Kano Times |date=2025-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar iyali ==
Sheikh Muhammad Bin Uthman yana da iyali da yara. A shekarar 2020, jagoran siyasa Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya halarci ɗaurin auren ɗiyarsa a Kano, inda ya yaba da gudummawar malamin wajen yaɗa zaman lafiya da haɗin kan Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://independent.ng/tinubu-in-kano-harps-on-united-nigeria/ |title=Tinubu In Kano, Harps On United Nigeria |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2020-12-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Jihar Kano]]
* [[Musulunci a Najeriya]]
* [[Jami'ar Bayero Kano]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kano]]
[[Category:Haihuwar 1963]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ibrahim Modibbo Daware</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi:  '''Sheikh Ibrahim Modibbo Daware''' (wanda ake kira '''Sheikh Modibbo Ibrahim Daware''' ko '''Sheikh Ibrahim Abubakar Daware''') malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun malaman darikar Tijjaniyya a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, inda ya shahara wajen koyarwa, wa'azi, tarbiyya da jagorancin al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Islamic Scholar Sheikh Modibbo Ibrahim Daware |url=https://statehouse.g...</comment>
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'''Sheikh Ibrahim Modibbo Daware''' (wanda ake kira '''Sheikh Modibbo Ibrahim Daware''' ko '''Sheikh Ibrahim Abubakar Daware''') malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Jihar Adamawa, Najeriya. Ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun malaman darikar Tijjaniyya a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, inda ya shahara wajen koyarwa, wa'azi, tarbiyya da jagorancin al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Islamic Scholar Sheikh Modibbo Ibrahim Daware |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-mourns-islamic-scholar-sheikh-modibbo-ibrahim-daware/ |publisher=State House Abuja |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu mourns passing of Sheikh Daware |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tinubu-mourns-passing-of-sheikh-daware/ |work=The Nation |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da karatu ==
An haifi Sheikh Ibrahim Modibbo Daware a garin Daware da ke Jihar Adamawa. Ya samu ilimin addinin Musulunci tun yana karami, inda ya kware a fannoni daban-daban na ilimin Shari'a, Tafsiri, Hadisi da Tasawwufi. Daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin mashahuran malaman Tijjaniyya a yankin Adamawa da ma Najeriya baki daya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu, Atiku mourn Adamawa Islamic scholar Sheikh Daware |url=https://dateline.ng/tinubu-atiku-mourn-adamawa-islamic-scholar-sheikh-daware/ |publisher=Dateline Nigeria |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan addini ==
Sheikh Daware ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa yana koyar da addinin Musulunci da kuma jagorantar almajirai da mabiya. An san shi da kokarinsa wajen yada ilimin addini, karfafa zaman lafiya, hadin kai da kyawawan dabi'u a tsakanin al'umma. Haka kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan jagororin darikar Tijjaniyya a Adamawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu Mourns Renowned Islamic Scholar, Daware |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/tinubu-mourns-renowned-islamic-scholar-daware/ |work=New Telegraph |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu mourns Islamic scholar Sheikh Daware |url=https://gazettengr.com/blog/2025/02/10/tinubu-mourns-islamic-scholar-sheikh-daware/ |publisher=Peoples Gazette |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai, Sheikh Daware ya yi fice wajen tarbiyyar dalibai da kuma bayar da jagoranci ga al'ummar Musulmi. An bayyana shi a matsayin mutum mai tawali'u, tsoron Allah da sadaukarwa ga harkokin ilimi da addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu Mourns Late Islamic Scholar Sheikh Daware |url=https://leadership.ng/tinubu-mourns-late-islamic-scholar-sheikh-daware/ |work=Leadership |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Ibrahim Modibbo Daware ya rasu a watan Fabrairun 2025 bayan fama da rashin lafiya na wani lokaci, kamar yadda rahotanni suka bayyana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=HONOURABLE (BARRISTER) ALIYU WAKILI BOYA COMMISERATES WITH MUSLIM COMMUNITY OVER THE DEATH OF SHEIKH IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR DAWARE |url=https://www.ggnews.com.ng/2025/02/honourable-barrister-aliyu-wakili-boya.html |publisher=GG News |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tinubu Mourns Late Islamic Scholar Sheikh Daware |url=https://leadership.ng/tinubu-mourns-late-islamic-scholar-sheikh-daware/ |work=Leadership |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini daga manyan shugabanni da malamai a Najeriya. Shugaban Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, ya bayyana rasuwarsa a matsayin babban rashi ga iyalansa, al'ummarsa da kuma kasa baki daya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Islamic Scholar Sheikh Modibbo Ibrahim Daware |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-mourns-islamic-scholar-sheikh-modibbo-ibrahim-daware/ |publisher=State House Abuja |date=10 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gadonsa ==
An rika tuna Sheikh Ibrahim Modibbo Daware a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun malaman Musulunci da suka bayar da gudummawa wajen yada ilimi, kyawawan dabi'u da hadin kai a Najeriya</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saidu Hassan Jingir</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Sa'idu Hassan Jingir | native_name = Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir | birth_place = Najeriya | death_date = 6 Maris 2025 | death_place = Jos, Jihar Filato, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci | known_for = Wa'azi da koyar da addinin Musulunci | organization = Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Iqamatus Sunnah (JIBWIS) }}  '''Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya kuma ɗaya daga cikin...</comment>
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| name = Sa'idu Hassan Jingir
| native_name = Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir
| birth_place = Najeriya
| death_date = 6 Maris 2025
| death_place = Jos, Jihar Filato, Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci
| known_for = Wa'azi da koyar da addinin Musulunci
| organization = Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Iqamatus Sunnah (JIBWIS)
}}

'''Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman ƙungiyar '''Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Iqamatus Sunnah (JIBWIS)'''. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Malamai (Council of Ulama) ta ƙungiyar JIBWIS, inda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci da wa'azi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prominent Islamic Scholar, Sheikh Saeed Hassan Jingir, dies in Jos |url=https://dailytrust.com/prominent-islamic-scholar-sheikh-saeed-hassan-jingir-dies-in-jos/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir ya shahara a matsayin malamin addinin Musulunci wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen koyarwa, wa'azi da kuma jagorantar al'umma. Ya kasance daga cikin fitattun malaman JIBWIS, ƙungiyar da aka kafa domin yaƙi da bidi'a tare da tabbatar da koyarwar Sunnah a Najeriya da wasu sassan Afirka ta Yamma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Izala Society |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izala_Society |website=Wikipedia |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Malamai ta JIBWIS, ya yi fice wajen gabatar da hudubobi, wa'azuzzuka da tarukan ilmantarwa a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prominent Nigerian Islamic Scholar, Sheikh Sa’idu Hassan Jingir, Passes Away |url=https://dailyfacts.com.ng/2025/03/06/prominent-nigerian-islamic-scholar-sheikh-saidu-hassan-jingir-passes-away/ |work=Daily Fact |date=6 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ==
Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir ya kasance cikin malaman da suka yi ƙoƙari wajen bunƙasa ilimin addinin Musulunci da ƙarfafa haɗin kan al'ummar Musulmi. Ya yi kira a lokuta da dama ga zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna tsakanin al'ummomi, musamman a lokutan rikice-rikice da suka shafi Jihar Filato da sauran yankunan Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sheikh Jingir condemns Plateau attacks, calls for unity |url=https://dailytrust.com/sheikh-jingir-condemns-plateau-attacks-calls-for-unity/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma kasance cikin manyan jagororin addini da suka ba da gudummawa wajen yada koyarwar Musulunci da shiryar da matasa da almajirai a faɗin ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Northern Govs mourn Sheikh Sa’eed Jingir |url=https://dailytrust.com/northern-govs-mourn-sheikh-saeed-jingir/ |work=Daily Trust |date=7 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Sa'idu Hassan Jingir ya rasu a ranar 6 ga Maris, 2025 a gidansa da ke Anguwan Rimi, Jos, bayan fama da rashin lafiya na wani lokaci. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a tsakanin malaman addini, mabiyansa da al'ummar Musulmi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Islamic scholar, Sheikh Sa’eedu Hassan Jingir is dead |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/03/06/islamic-scholar-sheikh-saeedu-hassan-jingir-is-dead/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=6 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shugaban Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, da sauran manyan jami'an gwamnati da malaman addini sun miƙa ta'aziyyarsu kan rasuwarsa, inda suka bayyana shi a matsayin malami mai zurfin ilimi da tasiri a cikin al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=President Tinubu condoles with Muslims on passing of Sheikh Saidu Jingir |url=https://dailynigerian.com/president-tinubu-condoles-with-muslims-on-passing-of-sheikh-saidu-jingir/ |work=Daily Nigerian |date=7 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman addinin Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Filato]]
[[Category:Mutanen da suka rasu a 2025]]
[[Category:JIBWIS]]</text>
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    <title>Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami | image = | caption = Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami | birth_name = Isa Ali Ibrahim | birth_place = Jihar Gombe, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Farfesa, Dan siyasa | known_for = Tsohon Ministan Sadarwa da Tattalin Arzikin Zamani na Najeriya | alma_mater = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Robert Gordon University }}  '''Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne, masani a f...</comment>
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| name = Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami
| image =
| caption = Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami
| birth_name = Isa Ali Ibrahim
| birth_place = Jihar Gombe, Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Farfesa, Dan siyasa
| known_for = Tsohon Ministan Sadarwa da Tattalin Arzikin Zamani na Najeriya
| alma_mater = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Robert Gordon University
}}

'''Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne, masani a fannin fasahar sadarwa da kuma ɗan siyasar Najeriya. Ya kasance Ministan Sadarwa da Tattalin Arzikin Zamani na Tarayyar Najeriya daga shekarar 2019 zuwa 2023. Kafin wannan lokaci, ya riƙe muƙamin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Bunƙasa Fasahar Sadarwa ta Kasa (NITDA) daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pantami commissions 4,366 projects, programmes |url=https://guardian.ng/technology/pantami-commissions-4366-projects-programmes/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=31 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Congratulations to Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami |url=https://nira.org.ng/nira-media-news-update-495-congratulations-to-dr-isa-ali-ibrahim-pantami-the-minister-of-communications/ |publisher=NiRA |date=19 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami a garin Pantami da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun digiri na farko (B.Tech) a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (ATBU), Bauchi. Daga baya ya samu digirgir na biyu (MSc) da MBA a wannan jami'a, sannan ya kammala digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Computer Information Systems daga Robert Gordon University da ke Aberdeen, Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Profile • Prof. Isa Ali Pantami |url=https://isaalipantami.com/biography/ |publisher=Official Biography}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin koyarwa ==
Pantami ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kuma mai bincike a jami'o'i daban-daban. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa kafin ya shiga ayyukan gwamnati. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina a Saudiyya a bangaren Computing and Information Systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Isa Ali Pantami |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa_Ali_Pantami}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2021, an ɗaga matsayinsa zuwa Farfesa a fannin Tsaron Bayanai (Cybersecurity) a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri (FUTO). Wannan naɗi ya jawo muhawara a cikin harkokin ilimi, amma daga baya kwamitin ASUU ya bayyana cewa an bi matakan da suka dace wajen naɗin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pantami Becomes Professor of Cyber Security |url=https://www.nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/pantami-becomes-professor-of-cyber-security/ |work=Nigerian Communications Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ASUU panel clears FUTO's appointment of Pantami as professor |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/local/asuu-panel-clears-futos-appointment-of-pantami-as-professor-2024081902544168693 |work=Pulse Nigeria |date=8 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin gwamnati ==
A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2016, an naɗa Pantami a matsayin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Bunƙasa Fasahar Sadarwa ta Kasa (NITDA). A lokacin jagorancinsa, an ƙaddamar da manufofi da shirye-shirye da dama domin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin zamani da fasahar sadarwa a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Congratulations to Dr. Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami |url=https://nira.org.ng/nira-media-news-update-495-congratulations-to-dr-isa-ali-ibrahim-pantami-the-minister-of-communications/ |publisher=NiRA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2019, Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya naɗa shi Ministan Sadarwa, sannan daga baya aka faɗaɗa sunan ma'aikatar zuwa ''Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Tattalin Arzikin Zamani''. A lokacin mulkinsa, an aiwatar da dubban ayyuka da shirye-shiryen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin dijital a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pantami’s first 100-days critical to future of Communications sector |url=https://guardian.ng/technology/pantamis-first-100-days-critical-to-future-of-communications-sector/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=28 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pantami Commissions 4,366 Projects Implemented under His Supervision |url=https://techeconomy.ng/pantami-commissions-4366-projects-implemented-under-his-supervision/ |work=TechEconomy |date=26 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin zamani ==
Pantami ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa manufofin tattalin arzikin dijital a Najeriya. A lokacin da yake minista, an ƙaddamar da shirye-shirye masu alaƙa da inganta fasahar sadarwa, bunƙasa amfani da intanet, tsaron yanar gizo da kuma ƙarfafa amfani da fasahar zamani a hukumomin gwamnati.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Digital Economy: Biographer Unveils Book Chronicling Pantami’s Achievements |url=https://sciencenigeria.com/digital-economy-biographer-unveils-book-chronicling-pantamis-achievements/ |work=Science Nigeria |date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai da karramawa ==
An wallafa littafi mai suna ''Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami: Advancing Nigeria’s Drive Towards a Digital Economy'' wanda ya yi nazari kan gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin zamani a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Biographer unveils book on Pantami at Digital Nigeria Conference in Abuja |url=https://www.okay.ng/biographer-unveils-book-on-pantami-at-digital-nigeria-conference-in-abuja/ |work=Okay.ng |date=27 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)
* Tattalin Arzikin Zamani a Najeriya
* Ma'aikatar Sadarwa ta Tarayya

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pantami, Isa Ali Ibrahim}}
[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]]
[[Category:Masana fasahar sadarwa]]
[[Category:Farfesoshi na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Haihuwa a karni na 20]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tajuddeen Adigun</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi:   '''Sheikh Tajuddeen Adigun''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna wajen wa'azi, shugabancin limamai, da kuma bayar da shawarwari kan zaman lafiya da tsaro a ƙasar. Ya kasance shugaban '''Committee of FCT Imams Initiative (CFII)''', wata ƙungiya da ke haɗa limaman masallatai a Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT), Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Religious leaders seek inclusion in security architecture |url=https://von.gov.ng/religious-leaders-seek-inclusion-in-se...</comment>
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'''Sheikh Tajuddeen Adigun''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna wajen wa'azi, shugabancin limamai, da kuma bayar da shawarwari kan zaman lafiya da tsaro a ƙasar. Ya kasance shugaban '''Committee of FCT Imams Initiative (CFII)''', wata ƙungiya da ke haɗa limaman masallatai a Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT), Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Religious leaders seek inclusion in security architecture |url=https://von.gov.ng/religious-leaders-seek-inclusion-in-security-architecture/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=20 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Tajuddeen Adigun ya kasance cikin fitattun malaman Musulunci da ke aiki a Abuja. Ya jagoranci tarurruka da dama na limamai tare da kira ga haɗin kai tsakanin malamai domin inganta zaman lafiya da ci gaban al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=FCT Imams seek inclusion of religious leaders in security architecture |url=https://blueprint.ng/fct-imams-seek-inclusion-of-religious-leaders-in-security-architecture/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=21 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin Babban Limamin '''Fouad Lababidi Central Mosque''' da ke Wuse Zone 3, Abuja, inda yake gabatar da huɗubobi da karatuttuka kan tarbiyya da gyaran al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nigeria under the grip of devil — Cleric |url=https://dailytrust.com/nigeria-under-the-grip-of-devil-cleric/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2020 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan tsaro ==
A shekarar 2021, Adigun ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Najeriya da ta haɗa shugabannin addinai cikin tsarin tsaro na ƙasa. A cewarsa, jama'a suna sauraron malamansu sosai, don haka limamai na da muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage rikice-rikice da yaƙi da rashin tsaro.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Imams to FG: Don't underrate our influence in fighting insecurity |url=https://www.thecable.ng/imams-to-fg-dont-underrate-our-influence-in-fighting-insecurity-our-sermons-calm-tensions/ |work=TheCable |date=19 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa idan gwamnati ta samar da tallafi ko albashi ga shugabannin addinai domin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, hakan ba zai zama abin mamaki ba saboda tasirin da suke da shi a cikin al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nigerian govt should pay salary to religious leaders to tackle insecurity – Imams |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/06/20/nigerian-govt-should-pay-salary-to-religious-leaders-to-tackle-insecurity-imams/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=20 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kiran zaman lafiya ==
A ƙarshen wani taron limamai da aka gudanar a Abuja, Adigun ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar da ta gargaɗi limamai da kada su yi wa'azin da zai haddasa rikici, rarrabuwar kai ko tayar da fitina tsakanin al'umma. Ya jaddada muhimmancin amfani da mimbari wajen yaɗa zaman lafiya, gaskiya da haɗin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Insecurity: FCT Imams caution against provocative preaching |url=https://von.gov.ng/insecurity-fct-imams-caution-against-provocative-preaching/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jagoranci da bunƙasa limamai ==
A shekarar 2021, ya ƙarfafa limamai su kasance masu dogaro da kai ta hanyar neman hanyoyin halal na kasuwanci da sana'o'i, maimakon dogaro kacokan ga alawus-alawus na masallatai. Ya bayyana cewa yanayin tattalin arziki na buƙatar limamai su kasance masu tsayawa da ƙafafunsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Be self-reliant, lead by example - Imams urged |url=https://solacebase.com/be-self-reliant-lead-by-example-imams-urged/ |work=SolaceBase |date=5 September 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Musulunci a Najeriya]]
* [[Abuja]]
* [[Limami]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Suleiman Faruq Onikijipa</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi:  {{Infobox person | name = Suleiman Faruq Onikijipa | native_name = Al-Miskeen Billahi | birth_name = Suleiman Faruq | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|2|25}} | birth_place = Ilorin, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin Musulunci, Mufti | known_for = Babban Muftin Masarautar Ilorin | children = 6 }}  '''Suleiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1962), wanda aka fi sani da '''Al-Miskeen Billahi''', babban malamin...</comment>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Suleiman Faruq Onikijipa
| native_name = Al-Miskeen Billahi
| birth_name = Suleiman Faruq
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|2|25}}
| birth_place = Ilorin, Jihar Kwara, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin Musulunci, Mufti
| known_for = Babban Muftin Masarautar Ilorin
| children = 6
}}

'''Suleiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1962), wanda aka fi sani da '''Al-Miskeen Billahi''', babban malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga Najeriya. Shi ne Babban Muftin (Grand Mufti) Masarautar Ilorin a Jihar Kwara. An naɗa shi a wannan muƙami a shekarar 2021 bayan amincewar Sarkin Ilorin, Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why we appointed Faruq Onikijipa as Grand Mufti of Ilorin – Emir |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/why-we-appointed-faruq-onikijipa-as-grand-mufti-of-ilorin-emir/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da karatu ==
An haifi Onikijipa a garin Ilorin da ke Jihar Kwara. Ya fara karatun firamare a Makarantar Alore Primary School da ke Ilorin inda ya kammala a shekarar 1974. Bayan haka ya zurfafa karatun Alƙur’ani da ilimin Musulunci a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa da sauran malamai a Ilorin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=INTERVIEW: My emergence as the 4th Grant Mufti of Ilorin – Sheikh Onikijipa |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/interview-my-emergence-as-the-4th-grant-mufti-of-ilorin-sheikh-onikijipa/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya yi karatu a Darul-Ulum Arabic and Islamic School da ke Ilorin, sannan ya halarci Markaz Arabic and Islamic Training Centre a Agege, Lagos, wadda marigayi Sheikh Adam Abdullah Al-Ilory ya kafa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=INTERVIEW: My emergence as the 4th Grant Mufti of Ilorin – Sheikh Onikijipa |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/interview-my-emergence-as-the-4th-grant-mufti-of-ilorin-sheikh-onikijipa/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki da shugabanci ==
Onikijipa ya yi suna wajen wa’azi da koyar da ilimin Musulunci a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma yake jagorantar cibiyar Al-Amani Centre for Arabic and Islamic Studies da ke Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Grand Mufti Ilorin Sheikh Onikijipa earns praise for displaying humility in retracting controversial statements |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/02/25/grand-mufti-ilorin-sheikh-onikijipa-earns-praise-for-displaying-humility-in-retracting-controversial-statements/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=25 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 16 ga Disamba 2021, Sarkin Ilorin Alhaji Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Muftin Masarautar Ilorin. Fadar masarautar ta bayyana cewa an zaɓe shi ne saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa wajen yaɗa Musulunci, haɗin kai da ci gaban al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why we appointed Faruq Onikijipa as Grand Mufti of Ilorin – Emir |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/why-we-appointed-faruq-onikijipa-as-grand-mufti-of-ilorin-emir/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Muhimman abubuwan da suka faru ==
A shekarar 2025, wasu tsoffin bidiyoyin wa'azinsa sun sake yaduwa a kafafen sada zumunta tare da jawo muhawara. Daga baya Onikijipa ya fito fili ya janye kalaman da suka haddasa ce-ce-ku-ce tare da bayyana cewa wasu daga cikinsu kuskuren furuci ne kuma an fitar da su daga mahallinsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=“I take back my words”: Ilorin Mufty retracts controversial statements made in past public lectures |url=https://afrireporters.com/2025/02/25/i-take-back-my-words-ilorin-mufty-retracts-controversial-statements-made-in-past-public-lectures/ |work=AfriReporters |date=25 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Grand Mufti Ilorin Sheikh Onikijipa earns praise for displaying humility in retracting controversial statements |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/02/25/grand-mufti-ilorin-sheikh-onikijipa-earns-praise-for-displaying-humility-in-retracting-controversial-statements/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=25 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma a watan Maris 2025 an samu saɓani tsakanin Onikijipa da Sheikh Habeebullah Adam Al-Ilory wanda ya jawo muhawara a dandalin sada zumunta. Daga baya ƙungiyar Ilorin Emirate Descendants Progressive Union (IEDPU) ta shiga tsakani kuma bangarorin biyu sun amince da zaman lafiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=IEDPU Mediates Peace Between Feuding Ilorin Islamic Scholars |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=36343 |work=Ilorin Info |date=26 March 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karramawa ==
A shekarar 2022, gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta karrama shi da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai suna '''Order of the Niger (OON)'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Why we appointed Faruq Onikijipa as Grand Mufti of Ilorin – Emir |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/why-we-appointed-faruq-onikijipa-as-grand-mufti-of-ilorin-emir/ |work=Muslim News Nigeria |date=17 December 2021 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin waje ==
* [https://muslimnews.com.ng/2021/12/17/interview-my-emergence-as-the-4th-grant-mufti-of-ilorin-sheikh-onikijipa/ Tattaunawa da Sheikh Onikijipa a Muslim News Nigeria]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Onikijipa, Suleiman Faruq}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian Muslims]]
[[Category:Nigerian Islamic scholars]]
[[Category:People from Kwara State]]
[[Category:People from Ilorin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nuruddeen Lemu</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | image =  | caption = Sheikh Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | birth_name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu | nationality = Najeriya | citizenship = Najeriya | occupation = Malamin Musulunci, mai bincike, mai horaswa, marubuci | known_for = Wa'azi, tattaunawar addinai, horar da malamai, da aikin zaman lafiya tsakanin addinai | organization = Da’wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN), Islamic Education Trust (IET) | alma_mater = Ahmadu Bello Universi...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3880" sha1="guo7ocxgeq5337rb45utoi3ao7iom8u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu
| image = 
| caption = Sheikh Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu
| birth_name = Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu
| nationality = Najeriya
| citizenship = Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin Musulunci, mai bincike, mai horaswa, marubuci
| known_for = Wa'azi, tattaunawar addinai, horar da malamai, da aikin zaman lafiya tsakanin addinai
| organization = Da’wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN), Islamic Education Trust (IET)
| alma_mater = Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria; University of Edinburgh
}}

'''Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu''' malamin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya, mai bincike da kuma mai horaswa a fannin tattaunawar addinai, zaman lafiya, da inganta fahimtar Musulunci. Yana aiki a matsayin Daraktan Bincike da Horaswa na '''Da’wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN)''', reshen '''Islamic Education Trust (IET)''' da ke Minna, Jihar Neja, Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.kaiciid.org/who-we-are/fellows/muhammad-nuruddeen-lemu |website=KAICIID |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da karatu ==
An haifi Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu a Najeriya cikin gidan fitaccen malamin Musulunci Sheikh Ahmed Lemu da Hajiya Aisha Lemu, waɗanda suka kafa Islamic Education Trust (IET).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=AMIS Grand Patron Hajiya Aisha Bridget Lemu is dead |url=https://www.amisnigeria.org/news/amis-grand-patron-hajiya-aisha-bridget-lemu-is-dead/ |publisher=Association of Model Islamic Schools Nigeria |date=5 Janairu 2019 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya sami digirin farko a fannin '''Agriculture''' daga '''Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria''', sannan ya samu digirin '''MSc a Resource Management''' daga '''University of Edinburgh''' a Birtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurudeen Lemu – Non Executive Director |url=https://dev.lotusbank.com/team-details?a=Nurudeen-Lemu |website=LOTUS Bank |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Nuruddeen Lemu ya shahara wajen shirya da gudanar da kwasa-kwasai da horaswa kan:
* Tattaunawar addinai (Interfaith Dialogue)
* Haɗin kai tsakanin mabiya addinai
* Yaƙi da tsattsauran ra'ayi
* Gina zaman lafiya
* ''Shari’ah Intelligence'' ko fahimtar maqasudin Shari'a da tunani mai zurfi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shaykh Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.iidr.org/people/87-nuruddeen-lemu/ |website=International Institute of Islamic Thought and Reform |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yana matsayin Daraktan Bincike da Horaswa a Da’wah Institute of Nigeria, kuma Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na Islamic Education Trust da ke Minna.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Staff |url=https://dawahinstitute.org/our-staff/ |website=Dawah Institute |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ==
Lemu ya kasance cikin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna tsakanin addinai a Najeriya. Ya taimaka wajen kafa '''Inter-Faith Activity and Partnership for Peace (IFAPP)''', wata ƙungiya da ke inganta haɗin kai tsakanin Musulmi da Kiristoci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Muhammad Nuruddeen Lemu |url=https://www.kaiciid.org/who-we-are/fellows/muhammad-nuruddeen-lemu |website=KAICIID |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma ya gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin masu yawa kan tattaunawar addinai da zaman lafiya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://maqasid.org/who-we-are/ |website=Maqasid Institute |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran mukamai ==
Ya riƙe ko yake riƙe da mukamai a wasu ƙungiyoyi da kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da:
* Development Initiative of West Africa (DIWA)
* Lotus Capital Limited
* Lotus Bank
* Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) Minna
* Jama'atu Nasril Islam (JNI)
* Da'wah Coordination Council of Nigeria (DCCN).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nurudeen Lemu – Non Executive Director |url=https://dev.lotusbank.com/team-details?a=Nurudeen-Lemu |website=LOTUS Bank |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin ƙasa ==
A shekarar 2014, an za</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah</title>
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        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah | image =  | birth_name = Musa Yusuf | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Mai wa'azi | known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, Da'awah | religion = Musulunci }}  '''Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna wajen wa'azi, tafsirin Alƙur'ani da kuma kira zuwa ga bin Alƙur'ani da Sunnah. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Ahlus Sunn...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4438" sha1="7ekaiqz5dl2c7pzpgfw4kza99j6yc3b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah
| image = 
| birth_name = Musa Yusuf
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Mai wa'azi
| known_for = Wa'azi, Tafsirin Alƙur'ani, Da'awah
| religion = Musulunci
}}

'''Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi suna wajen wa'azi, tafsirin Alƙur'ani da kuma kira zuwa ga bin Alƙur'ani da Sunnah. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Ahlus Sunnah a Arewacin Najeriya, inda wa'azozinsa da karatuttukansa suka samu karɓuwa a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://people.masanawa.com/profile/musa-yusuf-asadus-sunnah/ |title=Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah |website=Masanawa Directory |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da karatu ==
An haifi Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah a Najeriya. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara karatun Alƙur'ani da ilimin addinin Musulunci. Daga baya ya ci gaba da zurfafa iliminsa a fannonin tafsiri, hadisi da fikihu, lamarin da ya taimaka masa wajen zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu wa'azi a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://sunnahsak.com/blog/a-brief-biography-of-sheikh-musa-yusuf-asadus-sunnah/ |title=A Brief Biography of Sheikh Musa Yusuf ASADUS-SUNNAH |website=Sunnah Sak |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan wa'azi ==
Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah ya shahara wajen gudanar da wa'azi da karatuttukan addini a masallatai, gidajen rediyo, talabijin da kuma shafukan sada zumunta. Wa'azozinsa sun fi mayar da hankali kan koyar da tauhidi, bin Sunnah da gyaran zamantakewar al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://people.masanawa.com/profile/musa-yusuf-asadus-sunnah/ |title=Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah |website=Masanawa Directory |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayinsa a al'amuran al'umma ==
A shekarar 2025, Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah ya ja hankalin jama'a bayan ya jagoranci tawagar malamai zuwa wani yanki na jihar Zamfara domin tattaunawa da ɗan bindiga Bello Turji a wani yunƙurin samar da zaman lafiya da sulhu. Wannan mataki ya jawo muhawara da martani daga malamai da jama'a daban-daban.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1669420-dalilin-da-ya-sa-malaman-addini-suke-caccakar-assadus-sunnah-kan-haduwa-da-turjj/ |title=Dalilin da Ya Sa Malaman Addini Suke Sukar Asadus Sunnah kan Haduwa da Turji |website=Legit.ng Hausa |date=16 August 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya bayyana cewa manufar tattaunawar ita ce samar da maslaha da zaman lafiya ga al'umma, yana mai musanta zarge-zargen cewa an yi hakan ne domin wata fa'ida ta kashin kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1669565-assadus-sunnah-ya-ure-masu-sukarsa-kan-zama-da-turji-ya-yi-rantsuwa-da-allah/ |title=Assadus Sunnah Ya Ƙure Masu Sukarsa kan Zama da Turji |website=Legit.ng Hausa |date=16 August 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi kan haɗin kan malamai ==
Sheikh Asadus Sunnah ya yi kira ga malaman Musulunci da kungiyoyin addini da su kauce wa rikice-rikice tare da mayar da hankali kan matsalolin da suka shafi al'umma. A wasu lokuta ya yi kira ga bangarorin kungiyar Izala da su sasanta sabanin da ke tsakaninsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1640115-asadussunah-ya-yi-nasiha-ga-malaman-izala-a-najeriya/ |title=Asadussunah Ya Bukaci Izalar Jos da Kaduna Su Mayar da Wukar Yaki da Juna |website=Legit.ng Hausa |date=11 February 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2025, Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus Sunnah ya rasa mahaifiyarsa, Hajiya Aisha Abubakar. Rasuwar ta samu ta'aziyya daga malamai, mabiyansa da kuma jami'an gwamnati ciki har da gwamnan jihar Kaduna, Uba Sani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1652277-mahaifiyar-fitaccen-malamin-izalah-sheikh-musa-asadussunnah-ta-rasu/ |title=An Yi Rashi: Mahaifiyar Fitaccen Malamin Izala, Sheikh Asadus Sunnah Ta Rasu |website=Legit.ng Hausa |date=28 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://progressivenews.ng/governor-sani-pays-condolence-visit-to-sheikh-musa-yusuf-asadus-sunnah-in-tudun-wada/ |title=Governor Sani Pays Condolence Visit to Sheikh Musa Yusuf Asadus-Sunnah |website=Progressive News |date=5 May 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kaduna]]
[[Category:Masu wa'azin Musulunci]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Auwal Adam Albani Zaria</title>
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    <id>154004</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T20:59:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Auwal Adam Albani Zaria | image =  | birth_date = 27 Satumba 1960 | birth_place = Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya | death_date = 1 Fabrairu 2014 | death_place = Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni | occupation = Malamin addini, mai wa'azi, masani a Hadisi | known_for = Yaɗa koyarwar Alƙur'ani da Sunnah, jagorancin Salafiyya a Najeriya }}  '''Sheikh Muhammad Auwal Adam Alba...</comment>
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      <text bytes="5767" sha1="niv9ro0f2red04zgen4prfcted2krsx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad Auwal Adam Albani Zaria
| image = 
| birth_date = 27 Satumba 1960
| birth_place = Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya
| death_date = 1 Fabrairu 2014
| death_place = Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
| occupation = Malamin addini, mai wa'azi, masani a Hadisi
| known_for = Yaɗa koyarwar Alƙur'ani da Sunnah, jagorancin Salafiyya a Najeriya
}}

'''Sheikh Muhammad Auwal Adam Albani Zaria''' (27 Satumba 1960 – 1 Fabrairu 2014) malamin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi fice wajen koyar da Hadisi, Tafsiri da kuma yaɗa koyarwar Alƙur'ani da Sunnah bisa fahimtar magabata na ƙwarai (Salafus Salih). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Salafiyya a Arewacin Najeriya kuma ya yi tasiri sosai ga ɗalibai da masu wa'azi a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/2/3/outspoken-religious-leader-killed-in-nigeria|title=Outspoken religious leader killed in Nigeria|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=3 Fabrairu 2014|access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Muhammad Auwal Adam a garin Zariya na Jihar Kaduna a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1960. Duk da cewa asalinsa daga Jihar Kano ne, ya taso kuma ya yi karatu a Zariya. Tun yana matashi ya fara neman ilimin addini tare da zurfafa bincike a fannin Hadisi da Fiqhu. Daga baya ya zama sananne da laƙabin ''Albani'', wanda ya samo daga sunan fitaccen malamin Hadisi na ƙarni na ashirin, Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani, wanda ya yi tasiri a tunaninsa da karatunsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Auwal_Albani_Zaria|title=Muhammad Auwal Albani Zaria|website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Addini ==
Albani Zaria ya shahara wajen gabatar da darussa da wa'azuzzuka da suka mayar da hankali kan Alƙur'ani, Hadisi da kuma gyaran akida. Ya yi kira ga komawa ga koyarwar Annabi Muhammad (SAW) da nisantar bidi'o'i da abubuwan da yake kallon sun saɓa wa Sunnah.

Ya gudanar da darussa akai-akai a Zariya kuma ya horar da ɗalibai da dama waɗanda suka bazu a jihohin Arewacin Najeriya da sauran yankuna. Wa'azinsa ya ja hankalin dubban mutane ta hanyar majalisu, kaset, gidajen rediyo da kuma kafafen sadarwa na zamani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2014/02/02/unknown-gunmen-kill-islamic-scholar-and-family/|title=Unknown Gunmen Kill Islamic Scholar And Family|publisher=Channels Television|date=2 Fabrairu 2014|access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ra'ayoyi da Tasiri ==
Albani ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun muryoyin Salafiyya a Najeriya. Ya yi suka ga ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma ayyukan ta'addanci da ake dangantawa da Boko Haram. A lokuta da dama ya yi wa jama'a gargaɗi game da fahimtar addini ta hanyar da take haifar da tashin hankali da zubar da jini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/2/3/outspoken-religious-leader-killed-in-nigeria|title=Outspoken religious leader killed in Nigeria|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=3 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kisan Gilla ==
A daren ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2014, wasu mahara dauke da makamai sun kai hari ga motar Sheikh Albani yayin da yake komawa gida bayan kammala darasin addini a Zariya. Harin ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwarsa tare da matarsa da ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa. Lamarin ya girgiza al'ummar Musulmi a Najeriya tare da jawo martani daga gwamnati, malamai da kungiyoyin addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2014/02/02/unknown-gunmen-kill-islamic-scholar-and-family/|title=Unknown Gunmen Kill Islamic Scholar And Family|publisher=Channels Television|date=2 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2014/02/gov-yero-describes-killing-of-islamic-scholar-in-zaria-as-satanic-wicked.html|title=Gov. Yero Describes Killing Of Islamic Scholar In Zaria As Satanic, Wicked|publisher=Information Nigeria|date=3 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan wasu makonni, shugaban kungiyar Boko Haram a lokacin, Abubakar Shekau, ya bayyana a wani faifan bidiyo yana ikirarin cewa kungiyar ta dauki alhakin kashe Sheikh Albani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2014/02/shekau-claims-responsibility-for-death-of-zaria-based-islamic-cleric-says-we-enjoy-shedding-blood.html|title=Shekau Claims Responsibility For Death Of Zaria-Based Islamic Cleric|publisher=Information Nigeria|date=21 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Martani ==
Mutuwar Sheikh Albani ta haifar da alhini a fadin Najeriya. Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna na lokacin, Mukhtar Ramalan Yero, ya bayyana kisan a matsayin mummunan aiki tare da yin alƙawarin bincike domin gano masu hannu a lamarin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2014/02/gov-yero-describes-killing-of-islamic-scholar-in-zaria-as-satanic-wicked.html|title=Gov. Yero Describes Killing Of Islamic Scholar In Zaria As Satanic, Wicked|publisher=Information Nigeria|date=3 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mataimakin Shugaban Najeriya na lokacin, Namadi Sambo, shi ma ya yi Allah-wadai da kisan tare da mika ta'aziyyarsa ga iyalansa da al'ummar Musulmi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.aproko247.com/2014/02/03/sambo-slams-albani-zarias-assassination/|title=Sambo Slams Albani Zaria’s Assassination|publisher=Aproko247|date=3 Fabrairu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gadonsa ==
Sheikh Albani ya bar dimbin darussa, wa'azuzzuka da ɗalibai da suka ci gaba da yada ilimin addini bayan rasuwarsa. Har yanzu ana sauraron karatunsa a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Salafiyya na ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya a Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Kaduna State]]
[[Category:Haihuwar 1960]]
[[Category:Mutuwar 2014]]
[[Category:Musulmai 'yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Salafiyya]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Yusuf Ali Gaya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844878</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:02:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Sheikh Yusuf Ali Gaya | image = | birth_date = 1950 | birth_place = Gaya, Jihar Kano, Najeriya | death_date = 5 Nuwamba 2023 | death_place = Tudun Maliki, Kano, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Alƙalin Kotun Shari'a, Mai wa'azi | known_for = Sarkin Malaman Gaya, koyarwar addinin Musulunci, hidima a tsarin shari'ar Musulunci | religion = Musulunci | movement = Tijjaniyya }}  '''Sheikh Yusuf Ali Gaya''' (19...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4012" sha1="fbz41szibcigjafz2uqymyts0zdodb2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Sheikh Yusuf Ali Gaya
| image =
| birth_date = 1950
| birth_place = Gaya, Jihar Kano, Najeriya
| death_date = 5 Nuwamba 2023
| death_place = Tudun Maliki, Kano, Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, Alƙalin Kotun Shari'a, Mai wa'azi
| known_for = Sarkin Malaman Gaya, koyarwar addinin Musulunci, hidima a tsarin shari'ar Musulunci
| religion = Musulunci
| movement = Tijjaniyya
}}

'''Sheikh Yusuf Ali Gaya''' (1950 – 5 Nuwamba 2023) fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya daga Garin Gaya a Jihar Kano. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai masu tasiri a Arewacin Najeriya kuma ya riƙe sarautar '''Sarkin Malaman Gaya'''. An san shi da koyarwar addinin Musulunci, wa'azi, rubuce-rubuce, da kuma aikin shari'a a Kotunan Shari'ar Kano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Popular Kano Islamic scholar, Sheik Yusuf Ali dies at 73 |url=https://dailytrust.com/popular-kano-islamic-scholar-sheik-yusuf-ali-dies-at-73/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Sheikh Yusuf Ali a shekarar 1950 a Garin Gaya da ke Jihar Kano. Tun yana matashi ya fara neman ilimin addinin Musulunci a hannun malamai daban-daban a Kano da sauran wurare. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Tijjaniyya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Popular Kano Islamic scholar, Yusuf Ali dies @ 73 |url=https://factchecknews.com.ng/2023/11/06/kano-islamic-scholar-yusuf-ali/ |work=Fact Check News |date=6 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin Shari'a ==
Sheikh Yusuf Ali ya fara aiki a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1974 a matsayin marubuci (scribe) a Kotun Shari'a. Ya ci gaba da hawa matakai daban-daban a aikin gwamnati inda ya zama Babban Magatakarda, Mataimakin Rajista, Rajista, Alƙalin Babbar Kotun Shari'a da kuma Darakta a tsarin Kotunan Shari'a na Jihar Kano. Bayan ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2009, ya mayar da hankali kan koyarwar addini da wa'azi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Popular Kano Islamic scholar, Sheik Yusuf Ali dies at 73 |url=https://dailytrust.com/popular-kano-islamic-scholar-sheik-yusuf-ali-dies-at-73/ |work=Daily Trust |date=6 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ==
An san Sheikh Yusuf Ali a matsayin malami, mawaƙi, masani a fannin fikihu, mai wa'azi da kuma mai ba da shawara kan al'amuran addini. Ya koyar da ɗalibai da dama a Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma ya kasance cikin manyan jagororin ɗarikar Tijjaniyya a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Islamic Scholar, Sheikh Yusuf Ali |url=https://demo2.acresal.gov.ng/press-releases/president-tinubu-mourns-islamic-scholar-sheikh-yusuf-ali/ |publisher=State House Abuja |date=6 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Yusuf Ali ya rasu a daren 5 Nuwamba 2023 yana da shekaru 73. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a tsakanin al'ummar Musulmi a Najeriya da ma wasu ƙasashe. Shugaban Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, ya bayyana rasuwarsa a matsayin babban rashi ga al'ummar Musulmi, yana mai bayyana marigayin a matsayin malami wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen yaɗa ilimi da addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sarkin Malamai of Gaya Emirate, Sheikh Yusuf Ali, dies aged 73 |url=https://newswirengr.com/2023/11/07/sarkin-malamai-of-gaya-emirate-sheikh-yusuf-ali-dies-aged-73/ |work=NewsWireNGR |date=7 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Deputy President of the Senate mourns renowned Islamic Scholar, Sheikh Yusuf Ali |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/06/deputy-president-of-the-senate-mourns-renowned-islamic-scholar-sheikh-yusuf-ali/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=6 Nuwamba 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Musulunci a Najeriya]]
* [[Jihar Kano]]
* [[Tijjaniyya]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Kano]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Hausa people]]
[[Category:Nigerian Islamic scholars]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ishaq Yunus Almadany</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844879</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:03:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ishaq Yunus Almadany | image = | birth_name = Ishaq Yunus Almadany | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi, malami a jami'a | known_for = Wa'azi, karantarwa da ayyukan addinin Musulunci a Najeriya | death_date = 6 Fabrairu 2025 | death_place = Kaduna, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya }}  '''Sheikh Ishaq Yunus Almadany''' fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, koyar da ilimin Musul...</comment>
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| name = Ishaq Yunus Almadany
| image =
| birth_name = Ishaq Yunus Almadany
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi, malami a jami'a
| known_for = Wa'azi, karantarwa da ayyukan addinin Musulunci a Najeriya
| death_date = 6 Fabrairu 2025
| death_place = Kaduna, Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya
}}

'''Sheikh Ishaq Yunus Almadany''' fitaccen malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya wanda ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, koyar da ilimin Musulunci da kuma ayyukan ci gaban al'umma a Jihar Kaduna da ma sauran sassan ƙasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Allah Ya yi wa Sheikh Ishaq Yunus rasuwa |url=https://aminiya.ng/allah-ya-yi-wa-sheikh-ishaq-yunus-rasuwa/ |work=Aminiya |date=6 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da karatu ==
Sheikh Ishaq Yunus Almadany ya kasance masani a fannin addinin Musulunci kuma malami a Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci na Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna (Kaduna State University). Ya kasance cikin malamai masu koyarwa da gudanar da wa'azi a arewacin Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kaduna State University Mourns the Loss of Dr. Ishaq Yunus |url=https://myschoolnews.ng/kaduna-state-university-mourns-the-loss-of-dr-ishaq-yunus |website=Myschoolnews |date=7 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan addini ==
Almadany ya yi suna wajen gabatar da wa'azuzzuka da karatuttukan addini. Ya kuma kasance cikin waɗanda suka assasa da tallafawa shirye-shiryen wayar da kan alhazai a Najeriya. An karrama shi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen hidimomin aikin Hajji da wayar da kan mahajjata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=University dons, Islamic scholars bag awards as Hajj Crescent honours founding members |url=https://blueprint.ng/university-dons-islamic-scholars-bags-award-as-hajj-crescent-honours-founding-members/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=2019 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haka kuma ya jagoranci wasu ayyukan ci gaban al'umma da suka haɗa da tallafa wa auren zawarawa da matasa ta hanyar wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da yake jagoranta a Kaduna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Anonymous donor pays bride prices for 100 couples |url=https://dailytrust.com/anonymous-donor-pays-bride-prices-for-100-couples/ |work=Daily Trust |date=22 Mayu 2014 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Harkokin jama'a ==
A shekarar 2021, Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna ta naɗa Sheikh Ishaq Yunus cikin mambobin Majalisar Kula da Wa'azi da Harkokin Addinai ta jihar. Majalisar na da alhakin tabbatar da cewa wa'azuzzuka da koyarwar addinai suna gudana cikin lumana da fahimtar juna tsakanin al'umma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=El-Rufai inaugurates council to regulate religious preaching in Kaduna |url=https://dailytrust.com/el-rufai-inaugurates-council-to-regulate-religious-preaching-in-kaduna/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2021 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=El-Rufai’s preaching regulatory council |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/el-rufais-preaching-regulatory-council/ |work=The Nation |date=24 Oktoba 2021 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Ishaq Yunus Almadany ya rasu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2025 bayan ya yi fama da rashin lafiya. Ya rasu ne a Asibitin Sojoji na 44 Army Reference Hospital da ke Kaduna. Kungiyar Jama'atu Izalatil Bid'ah Wa Iqamatus Sunnah (JIBWIS), Masallacin Sultan Bello da sauran manyan malamai sun yi ta'aziyyar rasuwarsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Allah Ya yi wa Sheikh Ishaq Yunus rasuwa |url=https://aminiya.ng/allah-ya-yi-wa-sheikh-ishaq-yunus-rasuwa/ |work=Aminiya |date=6 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Lokaci Ya Yi: Shahararren Malamin Addinin Musulunci a Kaduna Ya Rasu |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1639464-lokaci-ya-yi-shahararren-malamin-addinin-musulunci-a-kaduna-ya-riga-mu-gidan-gaskiya/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=6 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[JIBWIS]]
* [[Kaduna State University]]
* [[Musulunci a Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman addinin Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Kaduna]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Masu wa'azi na Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Oakley Block</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154007</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844880</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1215902695|Oakley Block Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844880</origin>
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      <text bytes="430" sha1="nt4zf1mrmh8l92l2lgqpmol2flm7lwk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Oakley_Block.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Hoton tauraron ɗan adam mai launukan karya wanda ke nuna tsakiyar [[Kogin Mzingwane]] .  Wurin da aka gina madatsar ruwa ta Oakley Block shine tsaunukan da ke tsakiyar hoton.]]
'''Madatsar Ruwa ta Oakley Block''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da aka tsara a [[Kogin Mzingwane]], kudu da Yammacin Nicholson, [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] wanda ke da ƙarfin mita cubic miliyan 41. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844881</id>
      <parentid>844880</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:04:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844881</origin>
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      <text bytes="442" sha1="3rapq79n90h3zs3ykgf8cwnz5i2uy4p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Oakley_Block.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Hoton tauraron ɗan adam mai launukan karya wanda ke nuna tsakiyar [[Kogin Mzingwane]] .  Wurin da aka gina madatsar ruwa ta Oakley Block shine tsaunukan da ke tsakiyar hoton.]]
'''Madatsar Ruwa ta Oakley Block''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da aka tsara a [[Kogin Mzingwane]], kudu da Yammacin Nicholson, [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] wanda ke da ƙarfin mita cubic miliyan 41. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>3rapq79n90h3zs3ykgf8cwnz5i2uy4p</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abdulaziz Idris Dutsen Tanshi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844882</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:05:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | suna = Idris Abdul'aziz Dutsen Tanshi | hoto = | taken_hoto = | haihuwa = 1957 | wurin_haihuwa = Gwaram, Alkaleri, Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya | rasuwa = 3 Afrilu 2025 | wurin_rasuwa = Bauchi, Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya | ƙasa = Najeriya | sana'a = Malamin Musulunci, Limami | mazhaba = Salafiyya | addini = Musulunci }}  '''Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz Dutsen Tanshi''' (1957 – 3 Afrilu 2025) malamin addinin Musulunci ne kuma babban limamin masallacin Juma'a na Dutsen Ta...</comment>
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      <text bytes="6009" sha1="9qs1kzmeeyjry17tlmnwi7lmk0damyj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| suna = Idris Abdul'aziz Dutsen Tanshi
| hoto =
| taken_hoto =
| haihuwa = 1957
| wurin_haihuwa = Gwaram, Alkaleri, Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya
| rasuwa = 3 Afrilu 2025
| wurin_rasuwa = Bauchi, Jihar Bauchi, Najeriya
| ƙasa = Najeriya
| sana'a = Malamin Musulunci, Limami
| mazhaba = Salafiyya
| addini = Musulunci
}}

'''Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz Dutsen Tanshi''' (1957 – 3 Afrilu 2025) malamin addinin Musulunci ne kuma babban limamin masallacin Juma'a na Dutsen Tanshi da ke Bauchi, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai masu wa'azi a Arewacin Najeriya, inda ya yi suna wajen koyar da akidar tauhidi da kuma sukar wasu ɗabi'u da yake kallon sun saba wa koyarwar Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Bauchi-Based Cleric Dr Idris Abdulaziz Dutsen Tanshi |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/press-releases/president-tinubu-mourns-bauchi-based-cleric-dr-idris-abdulaziz-dutsen-tanshi/ |publisher=State House, Abuja |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Idris Abdul'aziz a shekarar 1957 a ƙauyen Gwaram da ke ƙaramar hukumar Alkaleri a Jihar Bauchi. Ya fara karatun Alƙur'ani da ilimin addini tun yana ƙarami a wajen malamai na gargajiya kafin ya ci gaba da karatun boko da na addinin Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dutsen Tanshi Biography, Education, Career, Controversies, And Death |url=https://contents101.com/2025/04/06/dutsen-tanshi-biography-education-career-controversies-and-death/ |publisher=Contents101 |date=6 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi da Nazarin Shari'a da Harkokin Mulki ta Misau (College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau). Haka kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Bayero da ke Kano. Daga bisani ya tafi Jamhuriyar Nijar da kuma Saudiyya inda ya yi karatun fikihu a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina. Ya kuma samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Usul al-Fiqh daga Jami'ar Sudan University of Science and Technology.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Cleric, Dr Idris Dutsen Tanshi Is Dead |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2025/04/renowned-islamic-cleric-dr-idris-dutsen-tanshi-is-dead.html |publisher=Kanyi Daily News |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Wa'azi ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koma Bauchi inda ya fara koyarwa da wa'azi. Daga baya ya zama babban limamin masallacin Juma'a na Dutsen Tanshi. Wa'azozinsa sun shahara a Najeriya da ma wasu ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma, musamman kan batutuwan tauhidi, bin Sunnah da kuma yaƙi da bidi'o'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Scholar Sheikh Idris Abdul’aziz Dutsen Tanshi Laid to Rest in Bauchi |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=1272 |publisher=Radio Nigeria North East |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shugaban Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, ya bayyana cewa marigayin ya taimaka wajen tarbiyyar miliyoyin matasa da kuma yaƙi da tsattsauran ra'ayi a farkon rikicin Boko Haram.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=President Tinubu Mourns Bauchi-Based Cleric Dr Idris Abdulaziz Dutsen Tanshi |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/press-releases/president-tinubu-mourns-bauchi-based-cleric-dr-idris-abdulaziz-dutsen-tanshi/ |publisher=State House, Abuja |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ce-ce-ku-ce ==
A shekarar 2023, Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz ya shiga ce-ce-ku-ce bayan wasu kalamai da ya yi a tafsirin Ramadan wanda wasu suka fassara a matsayin batanci. Lamarin ya kai ga gurfanar da shi a kotu bisa zargin tayar da hankalin jama'a da kuma saɓa wa dokokin addini. Sai dai ya musanta zarge-zargen da ake yi masa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Court sent famous Bauchi Islamic cleric, Dutsen Tanshi, to prison over blasphemy |url=https://factchecknews.com.ng/2023/05/16/court-sent-famous-bauchi-islamic-cleric-dutsen-tanshi-to-prison-over-blasphemy/ |publisher=Fact Check News |date=16 Mayu 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2023 da 2024, kotunan Shari'a a Bauchi sun fitar da wasu umarnin kama shi dangane da shari'o'in da suka shafi zarge-zargen da ake yi masa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Alleged blasphemy: Shariah Court orders arrest of embattled Bauchi Imam, Abdul'aziz |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/05/31/alleged-blasphemy-shariah-court-orders-arrest-of-embattled-bauchi-imam-abdulaziz/ |publisher=Daily Post Nigeria |date=31 Mayu 2023 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Shari’a court revokes bail, orders re-arrest of embattled Imam, Dusten Tanshi |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/01/18/sharia-court-revokes-bail-orders-re-arrest-of-embattled-imam-dusten-tanshi/ |publisher=Daily Post Nigeria |date=18 Janairu 2024 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai ==
Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz ya yi aure kuma ya bar mata uku da 'ya'ya da dama. Ya kasance yana zaune ne a unguwar Dutsen Tanshi da ke cikin garin Bauchi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Scholar Sheikh Idris Abdul’aziz Dutsen Tanshi Laid to Rest in Bauchi |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=1272 |publisher=Radio Nigeria North East |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Idris Abdul'aziz Dutsen Tanshi ya rasu a ranar 3 Afrilu 2025 bayan fama da jinya mai tsawo. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a faɗin Najeriya, inda dubban mutane suka halarci jana'izarsa a Bauchi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Cleric, Dr Idris Dutsen Tanshi Is Dead |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2025/04/renowned-islamic-cleric-dr-idris-dutsen-tanshi-is-dead.html |publisher=Kanyi Daily News |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Islamic Scholar Sheikh Idris Abdul’aziz Dutsen Tanshi Laid to Rest in Bauchi |url=https://radionigerianortheast.gov.ng/?p=1272 |publisher=Radio Nigeria North East |date=4 Afrilu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Bauchi]]
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yahya Harun Gombe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844883</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:07:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi:   '''Sheikh Yahya Harun Gombe''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya daga Jihar Gombe. Ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, koyar da ilimin Musulunci da kuma jagorantar ɗaliban Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina daga Jihar Gombe. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a Hukumar Alhazai ta Jihar Gombe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=...</comment>
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'''Sheikh Yahya Harun Gombe''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya daga Jihar Gombe. Ya yi fice wajen wa'azi, koyar da ilimin Musulunci da kuma jagorantar ɗaliban Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina daga Jihar Gombe. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a Hukumar Alhazai ta Jihar Gombe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da karatu ==
Yahya Harun Gombe ya fito ne daga Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin malaman Musulunci da suka yi karatu a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina da ke Saudiyya, inda ya samu ilimin addini kafin ya dawo Najeriya domin koyarwa da wa'azi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki da wa'azi ==
Sheikh Yahya Harun Gombe ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Musulunci a Jihar Gombe. Ya yi suna wajen gabatar da darussa da wa'azozi tare da jagorantar harkokin ilimi tsakanin ɗaliban da suka yi karatu a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina daga Jihar Gombe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga harkokin wa'azi, ya yi aiki a Hukumar Alhazai ta Jihar Gombe, inda ya taka rawa a shirye-shiryen da suka shafi aikin Hajji da kula da mahajjata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Yahya Harun Gombe ya rasu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2025 a Jihar Gombe. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a tsakanin malamai, ɗalibai da al'ummar Musulmi da dama a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malamin addini kuma tsohon Ministan Sadarwa na Najeriya, Isa Ali Pantami, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai da aminansa a Jihar Gombe, tare da miƙa ta'aziyya ga iyalansa da almajiransa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Bayan Dusten Tanshi, Pantami Ya Sanar da Rasuwar Babban Malamin Musulunci |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/mutane/1648961-bayan-dusten-tanshi-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Duba kuma ==
* Isa Ali Pantami
* Ja'afar Mahmud Adam
* Gombe State

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harun Gombe, Yahya}}
[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Manyuchi</title>
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    <id>154010</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844884</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:07:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333243081|Manyuchi Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844884</origin>
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      <text bytes="5750" sha1="h8y1iuk5aiftn4l3rhdreii2ni9pk75" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Manyuchi''' ta samar da madatsar ruwa a [[kogin Mwenezi]] da ke kudancin [[Zimbabwe]] . Tana cikin gundumar Mwenezi .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mwenezi (District) map showing Manychuchi Dam |url=http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/Africa/images/maps/download/afr_zw3003_8to.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318115321/http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/africa/images/maps/download/afr_zw3003_8to.jpg |archive-date=18 March 2007 |access-date=21 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin Ci gaban Mwenezi ne ya dauki nauyin gina madatsar ruwan. An gina madatsar ruwan ne don shayar da gonakin dabino. 

== Tarihi ==
Kamfanin International Construction Zimbabwe (ICZ) ne ya gina madatsar ruwan, wani yanki na kamfanin gine-gine na kudancin Afirka , Murray da Roberts, kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe |url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php |access-date=2008-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan tana cikin [[Mwenwezi River Valley|kwarin kogin Mwenwezi]] a tsakiyar kogin. Yankin yana da faɗi kuma bushe kuma kusan busasshe, tare da tsaunuka masu siffar kumfa da kopjes marasa adadi, inda sojojin birai ke yawo a inda suke so. Lokacin da aka gina ta, an kori ƙauyuka da dama kuma gwamnati ta tilasta musu ƙaura zuwa wurare masu nisa kamar yankin da ke tsakanin Ngundu da Chiredzi (Gundumar), inda ba zato ba tsammani suka sami kansu suna sanya wa mazauna ba bisa ƙa'ida ba suna.  

== Halayen jiki ==
An gina madatsar ruwan a cikin wani kwazazzabo da [[Kogin Mwenezi]] ke yi lokacin da yake ratsa tsaunukan kusa da ƙauyen Magomana mai cike da tsaunuka . Yankin yana da tsaunuka da [[Inselberg|kopjes]] . Madatsar ruwa ce mai kauri wacce tsayinta ya kai mita 25. Ruwan da ke cikin madatsar ruwan ya kai ga magudanar [[Hanyar Zube|ruwa]] a karon farko a shekarar 1996.

== Ilimin Halittu ==
[[Fayil:Manyuchi_crocodile.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Kadan kogin Nilu yana kwance a rana a gefen madatsar ruwa]]
Kogin yana alfahari da dorinar ruwa, amma yanzu sun ɓace. Madadin haka madatsar ruwan ta cika da kada. [[Yankin Nilu|Kadan na kogin]] sun kashe wasu mazauna ƙauyen da ke kamun kifi a madatsar ruwan.  Akwai nau'ikan kifaye da dama da aka samu a madatsar ruwan, galibinsu dangin kifin damisa da ake samu a [[Tafkin Kariba]] . Rayuwar madatsar ruwan tana fuskantar barazana daga mazaunan sama, musamman waɗanda ke cikin [[Mataga]] da gundumomi a Zvishavane waɗanda ke noma a madatsar ruwan da ke samar da laka.

== Amfani ==

=== Samar da Wutar Lantarki ===
Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Zimbabwe (ZESA) ta daɗe tana da shirin samar da wutar lantarki daga madatsar ruwa amma babu abin da ya samo asali daga hakan saboda ƙarancin kuɗi. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa wadatar ruwa ya kamata ta ba da damar tuƙa injinan turbine guda biyu masu ƙarfin kilowatt 350 na tsawon awanni 6,000 a kowace shekara, ta yadda za a samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin gigawatt 4.2 a kowace shekara. &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe |url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php |access-date=2008-01-18}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php &quot;Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;18 January&lt;/span&gt; 2008&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Electrification of the Manyuchi Dam |url=http://www.resourcesaver.com/file/toolmanager/O105UF908.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715174449/http://www.resourcesaver.com/file/toolmanager/O105UF908.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2011}}&amp;nbsp;{{Small|(299&amp;nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ban ruwa ===
An gina madatsar ruwa ta Manyuchi da ke kasar Zimbabwe don ba da ruwa ga wani rukunin masana'antu (hectare 2,000 na rake), 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasan madatsar ruwan. Za a yi amfani da madatsar ruwan musamman don biyan buƙatun ban ruwa. Al'ummar yankin sun yi ƙoƙarin fara ayyukan ban ruwa ta amfani da ruwan da ke madatsar ruwan, amma rashin kuɗi ya kawo cikas ga ƙoƙarinsu, musamman waɗanda ke ƙauyen Magomana da ke kusa.  An gina shi ne don samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga tsarin ban ruwa na kasuwanci da na karkara. Zuwa yanzu, manoman kasuwanci ne kawai suka amfana. Babu ɗaya daga cikin hekta 3,476 da aka yi wa ban ruwa ga ƙananan manoma da aka haɓaka. A shekarar 1995, a lokacin da fari ya yi tsanani a gundumar da kuma ƙasa baki ɗaya, madatsar ruwan ta cika da kashi 80 cikin ɗari kuma ta amfanar da manyan manoma 'yan kasuwa kaɗan kawai. 

Kwanan nan ana ta maganar [[Lapache Irrigation Scheme|Tsarin Noma na Lapache]], wani aiki da gwamnati, Triangle Sugar Ltd da kuma ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka ɗauki nauyinsa. Shirin yana wakiltar babban mataki na farko na amfani da ruwa daga madatsar ruwa don amfanin al'ummomin yankin.   Wadanda za su amfana za su kasance manoma da aka mayar da su matsugunni a gonar Lapache.

=== Nishaɗi ===
A da, masu yawon bude ido suna zuwa yankin don kamun kifi da sauran ayyuka. Amma a kwanakin nan, yana da wuya a isa can, titunan sun lalace, kuma mutum zai buƙaci motar tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu don shiga.

== A cikin al'adun jama'a ==
[[Fayil:Dusk_Manyuchi.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Magariba ta yi ta taruwa da sauri a kan madatsar ruwa, kallon ƙasa daga wani tsibiri, 2006]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Engineer014</username>
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      <text bytes="5763" sha1="jzg0g2qsa2tgmgsmbvcxvwx43zaiyvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
''''Madatsar ruwan Manyuchi''' ta samar da madatsar ruwa a [[kogin Mwenezi]] da ke kudancin [[Zimbabwe]] . Tana cikin gundumar Mwenezi .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mwenezi (District) map showing Manychuchi Dam |url=http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/Africa/images/maps/download/afr_zw3003_8to.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318115321/http://eusoils.jrc.it/esdb_archive/EuDASM/africa/images/maps/download/afr_zw3003_8to.jpg |archive-date=18 March 2007 |access-date=21 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin Ci gaban Mwenezi ne ya dauki nauyin gina madatsar ruwan. An gina madatsar ruwan ne don shayar da gonakin dabino. 

== Tarihi ==
Kamfanin International Construction Zimbabwe (ICZ) ne ya gina madatsar ruwan, wani yanki na kamfanin gine-gine na kudancin Afirka , Murray da Roberts, kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe |url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php |access-date=2008-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan tana cikin [[Mwenwezi River Valley|kwarin kogin Mwenwezi]] a tsakiyar kogin. Yankin yana da faɗi kuma bushe kuma kusan busasshe, tare da tsaunuka masu siffar kumfa da kopjes marasa adadi, inda sojojin birai ke yawo a inda suke so. Lokacin da aka gina ta, an kori ƙauyuka da dama kuma gwamnati ta tilasta musu ƙaura zuwa wurare masu nisa kamar yankin da ke tsakanin Ngundu da Chiredzi (Gundumar), inda ba zato ba tsammani suka sami kansu suna sanya wa mazauna ba bisa ƙa'ida ba suna.  

== Halayen jiki ==
An gina madatsar ruwan a cikin wani kwazazzabo da [[Kogin Mwenezi]] ke yi lokacin da yake ratsa tsaunukan kusa da ƙauyen Magomana mai cike da tsaunuka . Yankin yana da tsaunuka da [[Inselberg|kopjes]] . Madatsar ruwa ce mai kauri wacce tsayinta ya kai mita 25. Ruwan da ke cikin madatsar ruwan ya kai ga magudanar [[Hanyar Zube|ruwa]] a karon farko a shekarar 1996.

== Ilimin Halittu ==
[[Fayil:Manyuchi_crocodile.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Kadan kogin Nilu yana kwance a rana a gefen madatsar ruwa]]
Kogin yana alfahari da dorinar ruwa, amma yanzu sun ɓace. Madadin haka madatsar ruwan ta cika da kada. [[Yankin Nilu|Kadan na kogin]] sun kashe wasu mazauna ƙauyen da ke kamun kifi a madatsar ruwan.  Akwai nau'ikan kifaye da dama da aka samu a madatsar ruwan, galibinsu dangin kifin damisa da ake samu a [[Tafkin Kariba]] . Rayuwar madatsar ruwan tana fuskantar barazana daga mazaunan sama, musamman waɗanda ke cikin [[Mataga]] da gundumomi a Zvishavane waɗanda ke noma a madatsar ruwan da ke samar da laka.

== Amfani ==

=== Samar da Wutar Lantarki ===
Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Zimbabwe (ZESA) ta daɗe tana da shirin samar da wutar lantarki daga madatsar ruwa amma babu abin da ya samo asali daga hakan saboda ƙarancin kuɗi. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa wadatar ruwa ya kamata ta ba da damar tuƙa injinan turbine guda biyu masu ƙarfin kilowatt 350 na tsawon awanni 6,000 a kowace shekara, ta yadda za a samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin gigawatt 4.2 a kowace shekara. &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe |url=http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php |access-date=2008-01-18}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://unfccc.int/kyoto_mechanisms/aij/activities_implemented_jointly/items/1886.php &quot;Assessment of the E7 Group (including EDF) Proposal for a Mini-hydroelectric Power Station in Zimbabwe&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;18 January&lt;/span&gt; 2008&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Electrification of the Manyuchi Dam |url=http://www.resourcesaver.com/file/toolmanager/O105UF908.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715174449/http://www.resourcesaver.com/file/toolmanager/O105UF908.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2011}}&amp;nbsp;{{Small|(299&amp;nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ban ruwa ===
An gina madatsar ruwa ta Manyuchi da ke kasar Zimbabwe don ba da ruwa ga wani rukunin masana'antu (hectare 2,000 na rake), 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita daga ƙasan madatsar ruwan. Za a yi amfani da madatsar ruwan musamman don biyan buƙatun ban ruwa. Al'ummar yankin sun yi ƙoƙarin fara ayyukan ban ruwa ta amfani da ruwan da ke madatsar ruwan, amma rashin kuɗi ya kawo cikas ga ƙoƙarinsu, musamman waɗanda ke ƙauyen Magomana da ke kusa.  An gina shi ne don samar da ruwan ban ruwa ga tsarin ban ruwa na kasuwanci da na karkara. Zuwa yanzu, manoman kasuwanci ne kawai suka amfana. Babu ɗaya daga cikin hekta 3,476 da aka yi wa ban ruwa ga ƙananan manoma da aka haɓaka. A shekarar 1995, a lokacin da fari ya yi tsanani a gundumar da kuma ƙasa baki ɗaya, madatsar ruwan ta cika da kashi 80 cikin ɗari kuma ta amfanar da manyan manoma 'yan kasuwa kaɗan kawai. 

Kwanan nan ana ta maganar [[Lapache Irrigation Scheme|Tsarin Noma na Lapache]], wani aiki da gwamnati, Triangle Sugar Ltd da kuma ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka ɗauki nauyinsa. Shirin yana wakiltar babban mataki na farko na amfani da ruwa daga madatsar ruwa don amfanin al'ummomin yankin.   Wadanda za su amfana za su kasance manoma da aka mayar da su matsugunni a gonar Lapache.

=== Nishaɗi ===
A da, masu yawon bude ido suna zuwa yankin don kamun kifi da sauran ayyuka. Amma a kwanakin nan, yana da wuya a isa can, titunan sun lalace, kuma mutum zai buƙaci motar tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu don shiga.

== A cikin al'adun jama'a ==
[[Fayil:Dusk_Manyuchi.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Magariba ta yi ta taruwa da sauri a kan madatsar ruwa, kallon ƙasa daga wani tsibiri, 2006]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adamu Bajoga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844886</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:08:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Adamu Abubakar Bajoga | native_name = Malam Adamu Bajoga | birth_place = Bajoga, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Malamin Musulunci | known_for = Wa'azi da koyar da addinin Musulunci a Jihar Gombe | religion = Musulunci }}  '''Malam Adamu Abubakar Bajoga''' fitaccen malamin Musulunci ne daga garin Bajoga da ke ƙaramar hukumar Funakaye a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman addinin Musulunci...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2688" sha1="peh6o1gx666cjxhh5ayoupyw4qr06zd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Adamu Abubakar Bajoga
| native_name = Malam Adamu Bajoga
| birth_place = Bajoga, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya
| nationality = Dan Najeriya
| occupation = Malamin Musulunci
| known_for = Wa'azi da koyar da addinin Musulunci a Jihar Gombe
| religion = Musulunci
}}

'''Malam Adamu Abubakar Bajoga''' fitaccen malamin Musulunci ne daga garin Bajoga da ke ƙaramar hukumar Funakaye a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman addinin Musulunci da suka yi tasiri a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, musamman a harkokin wa'azi, koyarwa da tarbiyyar al'umma.

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Malam Adamu Abubakar Bajoga a garin Bajoga da ke Jihar Gombe. Ya yi karatun addinin Musulunci tun yana ƙarami, inda ya yi fice wajen koyarwa da wa'azi. A tsawon rayuwarsa ya kasance yana jagorantar harkokin addini tare da ba da gudummawa wajen ilmantar da al'umma kan koyarwar Musulunci.

An san shi da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman da ake girmamawa a yankin Funakaye da ma sauran sassan Jihar Gombe.

== Tasiri ==
Malam Adamu Bajoga ya shahara wajen yada ilimin addini da shiryar da matasa da manya kan al'amuran Musulunci. Ya kasance mai bayar da nasihohi da kuma ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da kyawawan ɗabi'u a tsakanin al'umma.

== Rasuwa ==
Malam Adamu Abubakar Bajoga ya rasu a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2025. An gudanar da sallar jana'izarsa a ranar 6 ga Janairun 2025 a garin Bajoga, inda ɗalibansa, malamai da al'umma suka halarta domin yi masa bankwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Babban Malamin Musulunci Ya Rasu a Najeriya, Farfesa Pantami Ya Magantu |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1634275-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe-farfesa-pantami-ya-magantu/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 Janairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan rasuwarsa, tsohon Ministan Sadarwa na Najeriya, {{ill|Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami|en|Isa Ali Pantami}}, ya bayyana alhininsa tare da miƙa ta'aziyya ga iyalansa da al'ummar Musulmi baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Babban Malamin Musulunci Ya Rasu a Najeriya, Farfesa Pantami Ya Magantu |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1634275-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe-farfesa-pantami-ya-magantu/ |work=Legit Hausa |date=7 Janairu 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Haɗin waje ==
* [https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1634275-babban-malamin-musulunci-ya-rasu-a-gombe-farfesa-pantami-ya-magantu/ Rahoton Legit Hausa kan rasuwar Malam Adamu Bajoga]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bajoga, Adamu Abubakar}}
[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]]
[[Category:Hausawa]]
[[Category:Musulmai na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
[[Category:Wadanda suka rasu a 2025]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Mazvikadei</title>
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    <revision>
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        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1195091152|Mazvikadei Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwa ta Mazvikadei''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ke [[Zimbabwe]] wadda ke samar da ruwa [[Ban ruwa|ga]] manoma. Ita ce madatsar ruwa ta uku mafi girma a Zimbabwe.

An fara gina madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1985, babban kamfanin kwangilar shine CMC di Ravenna tare da ƙananan 'yan kwangila na gida KWBlasting suna yin ramin rami da haƙa mai ƙarfi. Katangar, wacce aka gina a kan wani yanki na ƙasa, tana da tsayin mita 63.5 wanda hakan ya sa ta zama katangar madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi tsayi a Zimbabwe. An kammala ginin a shekarar 1988 kuma an cika madatsar ruwan a karon farko a shekarar 1990. An gina ta a kan kogin Mukwadzi a arewacin Banket, tana da damar adanawa ta mita cubic miliyan 360 tare da faɗin fili na hekta 2,300 idan ta cika. Ana kiyasta yawan amfanin gona na dogon lokaci don amfanin ban ruwa ya kai mita cubic miliyan 100 a kowace shekara ko mita cubic 10 a kowace daƙiƙa don lokacin ban ruwa na watanni 4. Babban amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa a lokacin da gonakin ke aiki shine alkama na hunturu, duk da haka an yi amfani da ƙananan adadi don ƙara ruwan sama ga amfanin gona na bazara kamar masara da taba. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ZWE/body.htm |access-date=2008-05-25 |publisher=www.fao.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:MazSpillDad.jpg|alt=First spilling.| Zubewa ta farko.
Fayil:Mazwik_10.jpg|alt=View downstream from crest| Duba ƙasa daga alamar
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:10:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844888</origin>
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      <text bytes="1484" sha1="3q1iw93ex8z61a3cq6uqdts6m3dfkqj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwa ta Mazvikadei''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce da ke [[Zimbabwe]] wadda ke samar da ruwa [[Ban ruwa|ga]] manoma. Ita ce madatsar ruwa ta uku mafi girma a Zimbabwe.

An fara gina madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1985, babban kamfanin kwangilar shine CMC di Ravenna tare da ƙananan 'yan kwangila na gida KWBlasting suna yin ramin rami da haƙa mai ƙarfi. Katangar, wacce aka gina a kan wani yanki na ƙasa, tana da tsayin mita 63.5 wanda hakan ya sa ta zama katangar madatsar ruwa ta biyu mafi tsayi a Zimbabwe. An kammala ginin a shekarar 1988 kuma an cika madatsar ruwan a karon farko a shekarar 1990. An gina ta a kan kogin Mukwadzi a arewacin Banket, tana da damar adanawa ta mita cubic miliyan 360 tare da faɗin fili na hekta 2,300 idan ta cika. Ana kiyasta yawan amfanin gona na dogon lokaci don amfanin ban ruwa ya kai mita cubic miliyan 100 a kowace shekara ko mita cubic 10 a kowace daƙiƙa don lokacin ban ruwa na watanni 4. Babban amfanin gona da aka yi ban ruwa a lokacin da gonakin ke aiki shine alkama na hunturu, duk da haka an yi amfani da ƙananan adadi don ƙara ruwan sama ga amfanin gona na bazara kamar masara da taba. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ZWE/body.htm |access-date=2008-05-25 |publisher=www.fao.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:MazSpillDad.jpg|alt=First spilling.| Zubewa ta farko.
Fayil:Mazwik_10.jpg|alt=View downstream from crest| Duba ƙasa daga alamar
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad bin abdul wahab</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | suna = Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab | suna_asali = محمد بن عبد الوهاب | haihuwa = 1703 | wurin_haihuwa = Al-Uyaynah, Najd | mutuwa = 1792 | wurin_mutuwa = Dir'iyyah | addini = Musulunci | mazhaba = Hanbaliyya | sana'a = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi, marubuci | sananne_saboda = Kiran mutane zuwa Tauhidi da gyaran addini | manyan_aikace_aikace = ''Kitab al-Tawhid'', ''Kashf al-Shubuhat'', ''Usul al-Thalatha'' }}  '''Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdu...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3937" sha1="owt480rjqhtnsvc8y6x0d0ardaxyj95" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| suna = Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab
| suna_asali = محمد بن عبد الوهاب
| haihuwa = 1703
| wurin_haihuwa = Al-Uyaynah, Najd
| mutuwa = 1792
| wurin_mutuwa = Dir'iyyah
| addini = Musulunci
| mazhaba = Hanbaliyya
| sana'a = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi, marubuci
| sananne_saboda = Kiran mutane zuwa Tauhidi da gyaran addini
| manyan_aikace_aikace = ''Kitab al-Tawhid'', ''Kashf al-Shubuhat'', ''Usul al-Thalatha''
}}

'''Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab''' (Larabci: محمد بن عبد الوهاب; 1703–1792) malamin Musulunci ne, mai wa'azi kuma mai gyaran addini daga yankin Najd da ke cikin ƙasar Saudiyya ta yau. Ya shahara wajen kira zuwa ga tauhidi da yaƙi da abubuwan da yake kallon bidi'a ko shirka a cikin al'ummar Musulmi. Ayyukansa da koyarwarsa sun yi tasiri sosai a tarihin Musulunci musamman a yankin Larabawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab |title=Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haihuwa da Asali ==
An haifi Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab a shekarar 1703 Miladiyya (1115H) a garin Al-Uyaynah na yankin Najd. Ya fito daga gidan malamai, inda mahaifinsa Abdulwahhab bin Sulaiman ya kasance masani a fikihu da ilimin addini. Tun yana ƙarami ya haddace Alƙur'ani kuma ya fara karatun ilimin Musulunci a hannun mahaifinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;alukah&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://en.alukah.net/Shariah/0/4689/ |title=Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhaab |website=Alukah}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Neman Ilimi ==
Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na farko, ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa wurare daban-daban domin neman ilimi. Ya ziyarci Makka da Madina domin aikin Hajji da neman ilimi. Haka kuma ya zauna a wasu yankuna kamar Basra inda ya yi karatu da koyarwa. A wannan lokaci ya zurfafa bincike kan Alƙur'ani, Hadisi da kuma rubuce-rubucen malaman da suka gabace shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;alukah&quot; /&gt;

== Da'awa da Gyaran Addini ==
Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab ya fara kira ga komawa ga koyarwar Alƙur'ani da Sunnah kamar yadda magabata na farko suka fahimta. Ya yi suka ga wasu al'adu da ayyukan addini da yake ganin ba su da tushe daga nassosin Musulunci. Muhimmin abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tabbatar da tauhidi da kuma hana duk wani abu da zai iya kaiwa ga shirka. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

Koyarwarsa ta haifar da muhawara da sabani a tsakanin malamai da al'ummomi daban-daban. Wasu sun goyi bayan gyare-gyarensa yayin da wasu suka yi suka a kansa. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

== Haɗin Gwiwa da Muhammad bin Saud ==
A shekara ta 1744, Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab ya ƙulla alaƙa da Muhammad bin Saud, shugaban Dir'iyyah. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya zama ginshiƙin kafa Daular Saudiyya ta farko. Malamin ya jagoranci bangaren addini yayin da Muhammad bin Saud ya jagoranci bangaren siyasa da mulki. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Daga cikin fitattun littattafansa akwai:

* ''Kitab al-Tawhid''
* ''Kashf al-Shubuhat''
* ''Usul al-Thalatha''
* ''Masail al-Jahiliyyah''
* ''Fada'il al-Islam''

Waɗannan littattafai suna daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da suka fi tasiri a cikin tafarkin da ya assasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab ya rasu a shekarar 1792 Miladiyya (1206H) a Dir'iyyah. Bayan rasuwarsa, ɗalibansa da 'ya'yansa sun ci gaba da yada koyarwarsa a yankuna daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab yana daga cikin malaman Musulunci da suka fi tasiri a ƙarni na sha takwas. Koyarwarsa ta yi tasiri a tarihin Saudiyya da kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin da'awa a duniya. Duk da haka, ra'ayoyinsa sun kasance abin muhawara tsakanin malamai da masana tarihi, inda wasu suke kallonsa a matsayin mai gyaran addini yayin da wasu suke sukar wasu daga cikin fahimtarsa da hanyoyinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;wiki&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci]]
[[Category:Masu wa'azi]]
[[Category:Wadanda aka haifa a 1703]]
[[Category:Wadanda suka rasu a 1792]]
[[Category:Tarihin Musulunci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ruwan ruwa na Thuli-Manyange</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1209751067|Thuli–Manyange Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Thuli_River.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Gidan Dam na Thuli &amp;#x2013; Manyange a cikin Gorge Thuli.]]
An gabatar da cewa za a gina madatsar '''ruwa ta Thuli &amp;#x2013; Manyange (Elliot)''' a kan [[kogin Thuli]], kudu da Gwanda, [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] mai karfin mita cubic miliyan 33. An tsara shi ne don yin aiki tare da madatsar ruwa ta Thuli – Moswa . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844892</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:12:00Z</timestamp>
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[[Fayil:Thuli_River.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Gidan Dam na Thuli &amp;#x2013; Manyange a cikin Gorge Thuli.]]
An gabatar da cewa za a gina madatsar '''ruwa ta Thuli &amp;#x2013; Manyange (Elliot)''' a kan [[kogin Thuli]], kudu da Gwanda, [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] mai karfin mita cubic miliyan 33. An tsara shi ne don yin aiki tare da madatsar ruwa ta Thuli – Moswa . 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abu Ishaq Al Huwaini</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini | native_name = أبو إسحاق الحويني | birth_name = Hijazi Muhammad Yusuf Sharif | birth_date = 10 Yuni 1956 | birth_place = Huwain, Kafr el-Sheikh, Masar | death_date = 17 Maris 2025 | death_place = Doha, Qatar | nationality = Ɗan Masar | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi | known_for = Karatun Hadisi da wa'azin Salafiyya }}  '''Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini''' (Larabci: '''أبو إسحاق الحويني''';...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4580" sha1="es77w5u34kpvt4ugvom615wm86083sv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini
| native_name = أبو إسحاق الحويني
| birth_name = Hijazi Muhammad Yusuf Sharif
| birth_date = 10 Yuni 1956
| birth_place = Huwain, Kafr el-Sheikh, Masar
| death_date = 17 Maris 2025
| death_place = Doha, Qatar
| nationality = Ɗan Masar
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mai wa'azi
| known_for = Karatun Hadisi da wa'azin Salafiyya
}}

'''Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini''' (Larabci: '''أبو إسحاق الحويني'''; an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1956, ya rasu a ranar 17 ga Maris 2025) malamin addinin Musulunci ne daga ƙasar Masar wanda ya shahara a fannin ilimin Hadisi da wa'azin Salafiyya. Sunansa na asali shi ne '''Hijazi Muhammad Yusuf Sharif'''. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Hadisi a Masar da duniyar Larabawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prominent Egyptian Salafi preacher Abu Ishaq al-Heweny passes away |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/139099/Prominent-Egyptian-Salafi-preacher-Abu-Ishaq-al-Heweny-passes-away |work=Egypt Today |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini a ƙauyen Huwain da ke lardin Kafr el-Sheikh na ƙasar Masar. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha'awar neman ilimin addini. Daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Ain Shams inda ya karanci harshen Sifaniyanci (Spanish), kuma ya yi fice a karatunsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini: Egyptian preacher and hadith scholar |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2025/3/18/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%89 |work=Al Jazeera Arabic |date=18 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Neman Ilimi ==
Al-Huwaini ya fara halartar darussan mashahurin malamin Masar Sheikh Abdul Hamid Kishk. Bayan haka ya karkata sosai zuwa nazarin ilimin Hadisi, inda ya yi tasiri sosai da rubuce-rubucen Sheikh Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani. Haka kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban domin neman ilimin addini.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Passing of Esteemed Egyptian Scholar and Hadith Expert Abu Ishaq Al-Hawaini |url=https://en.mugtama.com/articles/passing_of_esteemed_egyptian_scholar_and_hadith_expert_abu_ishaq_al_hawaini |work=Al Mujtama Magazine |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini ya rubuta littattafai masu yawa a fannin Hadisi da binciken isnadi. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai:

* ''Takhrij Tafsir Ibn Kathir''
* ''Tahqiq Sunan Ibn Majah''
* ''Badhul Ihsan bi Takhrij Sunan an-Nasa'i''
* ''Sahih al-Qasas an-Nabawi''

Haka kuma ya gabatar da darussa da wa'azozi a gidajen talabijin da dama da kuma masallatai a Masar da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Renowned Scholar Abu-Ishaq Hegazy Passes Away |url=https://muslimmatters.org/2025/03/19/renowned-scholar-abu-ishaq-hegazy-passes-away/ |work=MuslimMatters |date=19 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
An san al-Huwaini a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Salafiyya a Masar. Darussansa da littattafansa sun bazu sosai a duniya ta hanyar gidajen talabijin, yanar gizo da kuma kafofin sada zumunta. Ya yi tasiri ga ɗalibai da masu neman ilimin Hadisi a ƙasashe da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Passing of Esteemed Egyptian Scholar and Hadith Expert Abu Ishaq Al-Hawaini |url=https://en.mugtama.com/articles/passing_of_esteemed_egyptian_scholar_and_hadith_expert_abu_ishaq_al_hawaini |work=Al Mujtama Magazine |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Abu Ishaq al-Huwaini ya rasu a ranar 17 ga Maris 2025 a birnin Doha na ƙasar Qatar bayan fama da rashin lafiya na wani lokaci. Mutuwarsa ta jawo alhini a tsakanin almajiransa da masu bibiyar karatunsa a faɗin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Prominent Egyptian Salafi preacher Abu Ishaq al-Heweny passes away |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/139099/Prominent-Egyptian-Salafi-preacher-Abu-Ishaq-al-Heweny-passes-away |work=Egypt Today |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Salafi Scholar Abu Ishaq Al-Huwaini Passes Away After Health Deterioration |url=https://www.watanserb.com/en/2025/03/17/salafi-scholar-abu-ishaq-al-huwaini-passes-away-after-health-deterioration/ |work=Watan |date=17 Maris 2025 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Masar]]
[[Category:Masu wa'azin Musulunci]]
[[Category:Masu binciken Hadisi]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Zhovhe</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332646384|Zhovhe Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Madatsar ruwan Zhovhe''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mzingwane]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] wanda ke da ƙarfin mita cubic miliyan 133.  Yana samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na kasuwanci da kuma garin Beitbridge . 

== Ci gaba ==
Madatsar ruwan Zhovhe tana yankin Beitbridge gabas da babbar hanyar Beitbridge Bulawayo a Yankin 5 na Zimbabwe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natural Region 5 - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Natural+Region+5 |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan tana cikin manyan madatsun ruwa 10 a ƙasar kuma ta mayar da yankin busasshe ya zama wurin da ake nomawa ta hanyar ayyukan ban ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zhovhe Dam |url=https://www.zimbabwetourism.net/listing/zhovhe-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411144732/https://www.zimbabwetourism.net/listing/zhovhe-dam/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=Zimbabwe A World Of Wonders |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan kuma tana ɗauke da masauki mai ɗakuna 30 wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane har zuwa 100. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:13:56Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1148" sha1="8qva21kl9nxpirinn7alh5xmsbmw4gj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Zhovhe''' wani madatsar ruwa ne da ke kan [[Kogin Mzingwane]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] wanda ke da ƙarfin mita cubic miliyan 133.  Yana samar da ruwa don ban ruwa na kasuwanci da kuma garin Beitbridge . 

== Ci gaba ==
Madatsar ruwan Zhovhe tana yankin Beitbridge gabas da babbar hanyar Beitbridge Bulawayo a Yankin 5 na Zimbabwe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Natural Region 5 - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Natural+Region+5 |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan tana cikin manyan madatsun ruwa 10 a ƙasar kuma ta mayar da yankin busasshe ya zama wurin da ake nomawa ta hanyar ayyukan ban ruwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zhovhe Dam |url=https://www.zimbabwetourism.net/listing/zhovhe-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411144732/https://www.zimbabwetourism.net/listing/zhovhe-dam/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=Zimbabwe A World Of Wonders |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madatsar ruwan kuma tana ɗauke da masauki mai ɗakuna 30 wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane har zuwa 100. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Hassan</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi:   '''Sheikh Muhammad Hassan''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya shahara wajen wa'azi, karantarwa, da yaɗa ilimin Musulunci a tsakanin al'ummar Hausawa da sauran Musulmi a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin malaman da suka mayar da hankali kan koyar da Alƙur'ani, Hadisi da kuma tarbiyyar al'umma.  == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sheikh Muhammad Hassan a Najeriya. Ya taso cikin muhallin ilimin addinin Musulunci inda ya fara karatun Alƙur'ani tun yana ƙarami. Daga baya...</comment>
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'''Sheikh Muhammad Hassan''' malamin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya shahara wajen wa'azi, karantarwa, da yaɗa ilimin Musulunci a tsakanin al'ummar Hausawa da sauran Musulmi a Najeriya. Ya kasance cikin malaman da suka mayar da hankali kan koyar da Alƙur'ani, Hadisi da kuma tarbiyyar al'umma.

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Sheikh Muhammad Hassan a Najeriya. Ya taso cikin muhallin ilimin addinin Musulunci inda ya fara karatun Alƙur'ani tun yana ƙarami. Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatun fikihu, hadisi da sauran fannoni na ilimin addini.

== Karatu ==
Sheikh Muhammad Hassan ya samu ilimin addini daga malamai daban-daban a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Musulmi. Karatunsa ya haɗa da Alƙur'ani, Hadisi, Tauhidi da Fikihu.

== Ayyukan wa'azi ==
Ya yi fice wajen gabatar da wa'azuzzuka da darussa a masallatai, makarantu da tarurrukan addini. Wa'azinsa ya fi mayar da hankali kan gyaran tarbiyya, muhimmancin ilimi da kuma bin koyarwar Musulunci.

== Tasiri ==
Sheikh Muhammad Hassan yana daga cikin malaman da suka yi tasiri wajen ilmantar da al'umma ta hanyar wa'azi da koyarwa. Darussansa sun samu karɓuwa a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya.

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Musulunci a Najeriya]]
* [[Jerin malaman Musulunci na Najeriya]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
 |title=Islamic scholar, Sheikh Sa’eedu Hassan Jingir is dead
 |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/03/06/islamic-scholar-sheikh-saeedu-hassan-jingir-is-dead/
 |work=Daily Post Nigeria
 |date=6 March 2025
 |access-date=1 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
 |title=Abuja Imam Suspended Over 'Anti-Govt' Sermon
 |work=Daily Trust
 |date=2 April 2022
 |access-date=1 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Abu Bakr Al Jazairi</title>
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    <id>154018</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person| suna = Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri | hoto = | cikakken_suna = Abu Bakr Jabir Al-Jaza'iri | haihuwa = 1921 | wurin_haihuwa = Lioua, Biskra, Aljeriya | rasuwa = 15 Agusta 2018 | wurin_rasuwa = Madina, Saudiyya | ƙasa = Aljeriya | addini = Musulunci | mazhaba = Ahlus-Sunnah | sana'a = Malamin addinin Musulunci, marubuci, malami a jami'a }}  '''Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri''' (1921 – 15 Agusta 2018), wanda cikakken sunansa '''Abu Bakr Jabir Al-Jaza'iri''', fitaccen malamin Mu...</comment>
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      <text bytes="3725" sha1="trv3hudho3lscpgauld5e1sqnyoxtsd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person| suna = Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri | hoto = | cikakken_suna = Abu Bakr Jabir Al-Jaza'iri | haihuwa = 1921 | wurin_haihuwa = Lioua, Biskra, Aljeriya | rasuwa = 15 Agusta 2018 | wurin_rasuwa = Madina, Saudiyya | ƙasa = Aljeriya | addini = Musulunci | mazhaba = Ahlus-Sunnah | sana'a = Malamin addinin Musulunci, marubuci, malami a jami'a }}  '''Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri''' (1921 – 15 Agusta 2018), wanda cikakken sunansa '''Abu Bakr Jabir Al-Jaza'iri''', fitaccen malamin Musulunci ne ɗan ƙasar Aljeriya. Ya shahara a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin malaman da suka koyar a Masallacin Annabi da ke Madina tsawon fiye da shekaru hamsin. Haka kuma yana daga cikin malaman farko na Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina bayan kafa ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Algerian scholar dies in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |date=15 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == Rayuwa == An haifi Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri a ƙauyen Lioua da ke lardin Biskra a kudancin Aljeriya a shekarar 1921. Tun yana ƙarami ya haddace Alƙur'ani mai girma kuma ya yi karatun ilimin fikihu da sauran fannoni na ilimin Musulunci. Daga baya ya yi hijira zuwa Madina a ƙasar Saudiyya inda ya ci gaba da neman ilimi da koyarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Algerian scholar dies in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |date=15 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == Aikin koyarwa == Al-Jaza'iri ya koyar a makarantu daban-daban a Madina kafin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin malaman farko na Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina. Ya yi aiki a jami'ar daga shekarun 1960 zuwa lokacin ritayarsa a shekarar 1986. Baya ga hakan, ya kasance yana gabatar da darussa a Masallacin Annabi tsawon sama da shekaru hamsin, musamman a fannonin tafsirin Alƙur'ani da Hadisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Algerian scholar dies in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |date=15 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == Rubuce-rubuce == Sheikh Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri ya wallafa littattafai masu yawa da suka yi tasiri a duniyar Musulunci. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:  * ''Minhaj al-Muslim'' (Manhajin Musulmi) * ''Aysar al-Tafasir'' * ''Aqidat al-Mu'min'' * ''Al-Mar'ah al-Muslimah'' * ''Nida'at al-Rahman''  Littafinsa ''Minhaj al-Muslim'' yana daga cikin littattafan da suka fi shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa da sauran sassan duniyar Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Algerian scholar dies in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |date=15 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == Rasuwa == Sheikh Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iri ya rasu a Madina ranar 15 ga Agusta 2018 bayan fama da rashin lafiya. Yana da shekaru 97 a duniya lokacin rasuwarsa. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa an yi jana'izarsa a Madina a ranar da ya rasu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Prominent Algerian scholar dies in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |date=15 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Décès de cheikh Abu Bakr Al-Djazaïri à l'âge de 97 ans |url=https://www.al-kanz.org/2018/08/16/abu-bakr-aldjazairi/ |publisher=Al-Kanz |date=16 Agusta 2018 |access-date=1 Yuni 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/prominent-algerian-scholar-dies-in-saudi-arabia/1232027 Rahoton Anadolu Agency kan rasuwarsa]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kayava</title>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357209613|Kayava River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Kayave''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta Kogin Akanyaru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kayave yana tashi a arewa maso yammacin Lardin Kayanza, ba da nisa da babban [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] ba, wanda rafuka daga Kibira National Park ke ciyar da shi. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Ngozi, kuma yana ratsa kan iyaka na ɗan lokaci kafin ya juya arewa ya ratsa ta Lardin Ngozi zuwa bakinsa a [[Kogin Akanyaru]] . {{Sfn|Way: Kayave (300510256)}}

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Kogin Kayave yana samuwa ne inda Ngute ya haɗu da babban Nyakimonyi kuma yana gudana gabas, yana karɓar Nyabikenke, Jembegeti, Kironge daga dama (kudu), Nyarusasa daga hagu (arewa) da Nkingu daga dama. Yana juyawa zuwa arewa, kuma yana karɓar Gitabo da Rushahuriro daga dama (gabas), Nkamwa da Kirimwe daga hagu (yamma) da Rwintaro daga dama kafin shiga Kanyaru. {{Sfn|Kayanza USDMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Kayave wani yanki ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 591 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,163|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|191|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|2|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Kogin Kayave yana ratsawa ta cikin garin Busiga da ke Lardin Ngozi. Ana amfani da dausayin dausayi, waɗanda ke da ƙasa mai laushi, don ƙananan noma tare da amfanin gona kamar rogo, dankalin turawa, masara, wake, ayaba, dankali da shinkafa. {{Sfn|Manirakiza|2021}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Maris na 2021, gadar da ke kan Kogin Kayave da ke ɗauke da babbar hanyar RN1 daga Kayanza zuwa kan iyakar Kanyaru-Haut ta lalace sosai. Wannan ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ke tsakanin Burundi da Rwanda. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2021, ba a fara gyaran ba. {{Sfn|Le Burundi reste coupé du Rwanda}}</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="2305" sha1="a0h5znbnamk6a6n1qec2u8nhkxr8j7w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kayave''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta Kogin Akanyaru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kayave yana tashi a arewa maso yammacin Lardin Kayanza, ba da nisa da babban [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] ba, wanda rafuka daga Kibira National Park ke ciyar da shi. Yana kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Ngozi, kuma yana ratsa kan iyaka na ɗan lokaci kafin ya juya arewa ya ratsa ta Lardin Ngozi zuwa bakinsa a [[Kogin Akanyaru]] . {{Sfn|Way: Kayave (300510256)}}

== Magudanar ruwa ==
Kogin Kayave yana samuwa ne inda Ngute ya haɗu da babban Nyakimonyi kuma yana gudana gabas, yana karɓar Nyabikenke, Jembegeti, Kironge daga dama (kudu), Nyarusasa daga hagu (arewa) da Nkingu daga dama. Yana juyawa zuwa arewa, kuma yana karɓar Gitabo da Rushahuriro daga dama (gabas), Nkamwa da Kirimwe daga hagu (yamma) da Rwintaro daga dama kafin shiga Kanyaru. {{Sfn|Kayanza USDMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Kayave wani yanki ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 591 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,163|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|191|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|2|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Kogin Kayave yana ratsawa ta cikin garin Busiga da ke Lardin Ngozi. Ana amfani da dausayin dausayi, waɗanda ke da ƙasa mai laushi, don ƙananan noma tare da amfanin gona kamar rogo, dankalin turawa, masara, wake, ayaba, dankali da shinkafa. {{Sfn|Manirakiza|2021}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Maris na 2021, gadar da ke kan Kogin Kayave da ke ɗauke da babbar hanyar RN1 daga Kayanza zuwa kan iyakar Kanyaru-Haut ta lalace sosai. Wannan ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da ke tsakanin Burundi da Rwanda. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2021, ba a fara gyaran ba. {{Sfn|Le Burundi reste coupé du Rwanda}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Molopo</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320368183|Molopo River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3122" sha1="t1i7a6dhh19ns4uftbsqi7iqsxe8pz6" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Molopo'''  ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan koguna a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. Tana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 960 da kuma yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa na 367,201&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da [[Botswana]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke raba kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwarin kowanne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Tafkin Molopo]]
Mafarinsa yana cikin Molopo Oog ([[Eye of Marico|Eye of Molopo]] a cikin [[Afrikaans|Afirka]]), kuma kogin gabaɗaya yana gudana da farko zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma daga tushensa. A tsakiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Molopo yana samar da wani muhimmin yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

Kogin yana gudana ne kuma lokacin da yake gudana, ruwansa yana gudana a hankali saboda gradient na 0.76 m / km kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ba ta da yawa saboda manyan wuraren sandveld na hamadar Kalahari a gefen Namibian na kwandon yana shan duk ruwa daga ruwan sama na yanayi. Idan akwai ruwan sama mai nauyi da ci gaba, kwararar ta shiga cikin [[Kogin Orange]], wanda ya haɗu da Augrabies Falls National Park a 28°31′02′′S 20°12′46′′E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. An yi imanin cewa wannan na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.

== Magudana ==
Babban ma'ajiyar Molopo ita ce Nossob, wanda haɗinsa kusan 50 ne.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu da Twee Rivieren, a {{Convert|890|m|ft|-1}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. Sauran magudanar ruwa sune: 

* [[Kuruman River|Kogin Kuruman]]
* [[Phepane River|Kogin Phepane]]
* [[Ramatlabama River|Kogin Ramatlabama]]
* [[Madebe River|Kogin Madebe]]
* [[Modimola River|Kogin Modimola]]
* [[Setlagoli River|Kogin Setlagoli]]

== Dams ==
Babban Molopo wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico, kuma ƙasan yana cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Lower Vaal . Manyan madatsun ruwa a kogin sune Madatsar ruwan Setumo da [[Dasaneng Dam|Madatsar ruwan Disaneng]], dukkansu suna kusa da birnin Mafikeng, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke gefen kogin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
Molopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo RiverMolopo River
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Ina rayuwar noma take': Idan aka kwatanta rayuwar noma a Molopo da Barolongs]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844910</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2990" sha1="n1b22avrunypw0qm6tawmwqqmgyvg5m" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Molopo'''  ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan koguna a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. Tana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 960 da kuma yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa na 367,201&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da [[Botswana]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke raba kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwarin kowanne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Tafkin Molopo]]
Mafarinsa yana cikin Molopo Oog ([[Eye of Marico|Eye of Molopo]] a cikin [[Afrikaans|Afirka]]), kuma kogin gabaɗaya yana gudana da farko zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma daga tushensa. A tsakiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Molopo yana samar da wani muhimmin yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

Kogin yana gudana ne kuma lokacin da yake gudana, ruwansa yana gudana a hankali saboda gradient na 0.76 m / km kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ba ta da yawa saboda manyan wuraren sandveld na hamadar Kalahari a gefen Namibian na kwandon yana shan duk ruwa daga ruwan sama na yanayi. Idan akwai ruwan sama mai nauyi da ci gaba, kwararar ta shiga cikin [[Kogin Orange]], wanda ya haɗu da Augrabies Falls National Park a 28°31′02′′S 20°12′46′′E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. An yi imanin cewa wannan na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.

== Magudana ==
Babban ma'ajiyar Molopo ita ce Nossob, wanda haɗinsa kusan 50 ne.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu da Twee Rivieren, a {{Convert|890|m|ft|-1}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. Sauran magudanar ruwa sune: 

* [[Kuruman River|Kogin Kuruman]]
* [[Phepane River|Kogin Phepane]]
* [[Ramatlabama River|Kogin Ramatlabama]]
* [[Madebe River|Kogin Madebe]]
* [[Modimola River|Kogin Modimola]]
* [[Setlagoli River|Kogin Setlagoli]]

== Dams ==
Babban Molopo wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico, kuma ƙasan yana cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Lower Vaal . Manyan madatsun ruwa a kogin sune Madatsar ruwan Setumo da [[Dasaneng Dam|Madatsar ruwan Disaneng]], dukkansu suna kusa da birnin Mafikeng, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke gefen kogin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Ina rayuwar noma take': Idan aka kwatanta rayuwar noma a Molopo da Barolongs]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844927</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
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      <comment>/* Kwarara */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3203" sha1="2leqrmuky1k0xijbxdu0mmsh1ok25bv" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Molopo'''  ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan koguna a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. Tana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 960 da kuma yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa na 367,201&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da [[Botswana]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke raba kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwarin kowanne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Tafkin Molopo]]
Mafarinsa yana cikin Molopo Oog ([[Eye of Marico|Eye of Molopo]] a cikin [[Afrikaans|Afirka]]), kuma kogin gabaɗaya yana gudana da farko zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma daga tushensa. A tsakiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Molopo yana samar da wani muhimmin yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

Kogin yana gudana ne kuma lokacin da yake gudana, ruwansa yana gudana a hankali saboda gradient na 0.76 m / km kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ba ta da yawa saboda manyan wuraren sandveld na hamadar Kalahari a gefen Namibian na kwandon yana shan duk ruwa daga ruwan sama na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Key rivers of South Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710162812/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |date=2012-07-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan akwai ruwan sama mai nauyi da ci gaba, kwararar ta shiga cikin [[Kogin Orange]], wanda ya haɗu da Augrabies Falls National Park a 28°31′02′′S 20°12′46′′E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. An yi imanin cewa wannan na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.

== Magudana ==
Babban ma'ajiyar Molopo ita ce Nossob, wanda haɗinsa kusan 50 ne.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu da Twee Rivieren, a {{Convert|890|m|ft|-1}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]]. Sauran magudanar ruwa sune: 

* [[Kuruman River|Kogin Kuruman]]
* [[Phepane River|Kogin Phepane]]
* [[Ramatlabama River|Kogin Ramatlabama]]
* [[Madebe River|Kogin Madebe]]
* [[Modimola River|Kogin Modimola]]
* [[Setlagoli River|Kogin Setlagoli]]

== Dams ==
Babban Molopo wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico, kuma ƙasan yana cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Lower Vaal . Manyan madatsun ruwa a kogin sune Madatsar ruwan Setumo da [[Dasaneng Dam|Madatsar ruwan Disaneng]], dukkansu suna kusa da birnin Mafikeng, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke gefen kogin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Ina rayuwar noma take': Idan aka kwatanta rayuwar noma a Molopo da Barolongs]</text>
      <sha1>2leqrmuky1k0xijbxdu0mmsh1ok25bv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844938</id>
      <parentid>844927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:30:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Magudana */</comment>
      <origin>844938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3430" sha1="f0fsijrkxg48g728ws5b14m5belim0m" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Molopo'''  ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan koguna a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. Tana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 960 da kuma yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa na 367,201&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da [[Botswana]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke raba kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwarin kowanne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Tafkin Molopo]]
Mafarinsa yana cikin Molopo Oog ([[Eye of Marico|Eye of Molopo]] a cikin [[Afrikaans|Afirka]]), kuma kogin gabaɗaya yana gudana da farko zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma daga tushensa. A tsakiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Molopo yana samar da wani muhimmin yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

Kogin yana gudana ne kuma lokacin da yake gudana, ruwansa yana gudana a hankali saboda gradient na 0.76 m / km kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ba ta da yawa saboda manyan wuraren sandveld na hamadar Kalahari a gefen Namibian na kwandon yana shan duk ruwa daga ruwan sama na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Key rivers of South Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710162812/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |date=2012-07-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan akwai ruwan sama mai nauyi da ci gaba, kwararar ta shiga cikin [[Kogin Orange]], wanda ya haɗu da Augrabies Falls National Park a 28°31′02′′S 20°12′46′′E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. An yi imanin cewa wannan na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.

== Magudana ==
Babban ma'ajiyar Molopo ita ce Nossob, wanda haɗinsa kusan 50 ne.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu da Twee Rivieren, a {{Convert|890|m|ft|-1}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm Molopo Tributaries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102155212/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm |date=2013-11-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran magudanar ruwa sune: 

* [[Kuruman River|Kogin Kuruman]]
* [[Phepane River|Kogin Phepane]]
* [[Ramatlabama River|Kogin Ramatlabama]]
* [[Madebe River|Kogin Madebe]]
* [[Modimola River|Kogin Modimola]]
* [[Setlagoli River|Kogin Setlagoli]]

== Dams ==
Babban Molopo wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico, kuma ƙasan yana cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Lower Vaal . Manyan madatsun ruwa a kogin sune Madatsar ruwan Setumo da [[Dasaneng Dam|Madatsar ruwan Disaneng]], dukkansu suna kusa da birnin Mafikeng, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke gefen kogin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Ina rayuwar noma take': Idan aka kwatanta rayuwar noma a Molopo da Barolongs]</text>
      <sha1>f0fsijrkxg48g728ws5b14m5belim0m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844941</id>
      <parentid>844938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3443" sha1="blgrdpcnjz9k7g3ffcrb5do9vyheygv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Molopo'''  ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan koguna a [[Kudancin Afirka]]. Tana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 960 da kuma yankin da ke da magudanar ruwa na 367,201&amp;nbsp;kilomita &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da [[Botswana]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke raba kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kwarin kowanne. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for Possible Future Integration |url=http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173828/http://www.icp-confluence-sadc.org/documents/groundwater-review-molopo-nossob-basin-rural-communities-including-assessment-national-dat |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2012-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwarara ==
[[Fayil:Molopo_Basin_OSM.png|left|thumb|Tafkin Molopo]]
Mafarinsa yana cikin Molopo Oog ([[Eye of Marico|Eye of Molopo]] a cikin [[Afrikaans|Afirka]]), kuma kogin gabaɗaya yana gudana da farko zuwa yamma, sannan zuwa kudu maso yamma daga tushensa. A tsakiyar hanyarsa, Kogin Molopo yana samar da wani muhimmin yanki na kan iyaka tsakanin Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu.

Kogin yana gudana ne kuma lokacin da yake gudana, ruwansa yana gudana a hankali saboda gradient na 0.76 m / km kawai. Ambaliyar ruwa ba ta da yawa saboda manyan wuraren sandveld na hamadar Kalahari a gefen Namibian na kwandon yana shan duk ruwa daga ruwan sama na yanayi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Key rivers of South Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120710162812/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |date=2012-07-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan akwai ruwan sama mai nauyi da ci gaba, kwararar ta shiga cikin [[Kogin Orange]], wanda ya haɗu da Augrabies Falls National Park a 28°31′02′′S 20°12′46′′E / 28.51722°S 20.21278°E / -28.51722; 20.21278. An yi imanin cewa wannan na ƙarshe ya faru fiye da shekaru 100 da suka gabata.

== Magudana ==
Babban ma'ajiyar Molopo ita ce Nossob, wanda haɗinsa kusan 50 ne.&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu da Twee Rivieren, a {{Convert|890|m|ft|-1}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm Molopo Tributaries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102155212/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNCMolopo/defaulttrib.htm |date=2013-11-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran magudanar ruwa sune: 

* [[Kuruman River|Kogin Kuruman]]
* [[Phepane River|Kogin Phepane]]
* [[Ramatlabama River|Kogin Ramatlabama]]
* [[Madebe River|Kogin Madebe]]
* [[Modimola River|Kogin Modimola]]
* [[Setlagoli River|Kogin Setlagoli]]

== Dams ==
Babban Molopo wani ɓangare ne na Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Kada (Yamma) da Marico, kuma ƙasan yana cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Lower Vaal . Manyan madatsun ruwa a kogin sune Madatsar ruwan Setumo da [[Dasaneng Dam|Madatsar ruwan Disaneng]], dukkansu suna kusa da birnin Mafikeng, Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ke gefen kogin.

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.panrusa.group.shef.ac.uk/pdfs/WP8.pdf 'Ina rayuwar noma take': Idan aka kwatanta rayuwar noma a Molopo da Barolongs]</text>
      <sha1>blgrdpcnjz9k7g3ffcrb5do9vyheygv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ukilooloo</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154021</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844900</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844900</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="0iyi83le44evnth2k6te8q3chvyca8t" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ukilooloo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ukilooloo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0iyi83le44evnth2k6te8q3chvyca8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:YellowNugg</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154022</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844901</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="jxk6sohrlcnc88afu7oj276cobxdze6" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, YellowNugg! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/YellowNugg|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jxk6sohrlcnc88afu7oj276cobxdze6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Danielfrayer</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154023</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844902</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="ogdymixst8bqztzj65x9trvs37w25mo" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Danielfrayer! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Danielfrayer|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ogdymixst8bqztzj65x9trvs37w25mo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Shaheedah S Yusuf</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844903</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1208" sha1="l2nd9vvbts5j81htutxytxzrdjvftvb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shaheedah S Yusuf! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shaheedah S Yusuf|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>l2nd9vvbts5j81htutxytxzrdjvftvb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kayongozi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154025</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844904</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297719682|Kayongozi River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2562" sha1="5jhhkarewtj80kdy7fn03n30ol3g73h" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kayongozi''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kayongozi yana kusa da kan iyaka da Tanzania a arewacin Lardin Cankuzo, sannan ya kwarara kudu maso yamma zuwa Lardin Ruyigi . Ya ci gaba da kudu maso yamma, sannan ya juya ya kwarara arewa maso yamma zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kayongozi (343213021)}} Madatsun ruwa sun haɗa da Nyamashishi da Rugasari. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Kayongozi galibi yana cikin dajin savanna. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Yankin Kayongozi ya ƙunshi {{Convert|3410|ha}} na ƙasar dausayi, wanda daga ciki aka gina {{Convert|1979|ha}}, ko kuma kashi 58%, a shekarar 1998. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
An fara aikin ƙaramar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi mai ƙarfin 500kW a shekarar 2013, wanda Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Karkara (ABER) za ta gudanar. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development}} An ƙaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2014. {{Sfn|Politique, Économie, Société}} Wani rahoto na 2012 ya lissafa wasu wurare uku da za a iya amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kogin: KAYO 028, mai ƙarfin 2.5MW, KAYO 027 mai ƙarfin 2.5MW da KAYO 002 mai ƙarfin 1.8MW. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2024, gadar katako da ke kan Kogin Kayongozi wadda ta haɗa ''tsaunukan'' Kavumu da Murehe na garin Cankuzo, Lardin Cankuzo, ta yi kaca-kaca da amfani. Kasuwanci ya lalace kuma yara sun daina zuwa makaranta. Gwamnan lardin ya san da matsalar, amma bai da kasafin kuɗin gina gadar zamani. A halin yanzu, ya ba da shawarar mazauna yankin su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don gyara gadar ta amfani da itace. {{Sfn|Le pont de la rivière Kayongozi}}

== Mqnqzarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>844904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <origin>844907</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2574" sha1="alj3ed153oskhjx17zb74bdsibvg5lf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kayongozi''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta dama ta [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kayongozi yana kusa da kan iyaka da Tanzania a arewacin Lardin Cankuzo, sannan ya kwarara kudu maso yamma zuwa Lardin Ruyigi . Ya ci gaba da kudu maso yamma, sannan ya juya ya kwarara arewa maso yamma zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruvubu. {{Sfn|Way: Kayongozi (343213021)}} Madatsun ruwa sun haɗa da Nyamashishi da Rugasari. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Kayongozi galibi yana cikin dajin savanna. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Yankin Kayongozi ya ƙunshi {{Convert|3410|ha}} na ƙasar dausayi, wanda daga ciki aka gina {{Convert|1979|ha}}, ko kuma kashi 58%, a shekarar 1998. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
An fara aikin ƙaramar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi mai ƙarfin 500kW a shekarar 2013, wanda Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Karkara (ABER) za ta gudanar. {{Sfn|World Small Hydropower Development}} An ƙaddamar da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kayongozi da ke Ruyigi a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2014. {{Sfn|Politique, Économie, Société}} Wani rahoto na 2012 ya lissafa wasu wurare uku da za a iya amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa a kogin: KAYO 028, mai ƙarfin 2.5MW, KAYO 027 mai ƙarfin 2.5MW da KAYO 002 mai ƙarfin 1.8MW. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2024, gadar katako da ke kan Kogin Kayongozi wadda ta haɗa ''tsaunukan'' Kavumu da Murehe na garin Cankuzo, Lardin Cankuzo, ta yi kaca-kaca da amfani. Kasuwanci ya lalace kuma yara sun daina zuwa makaranta. Gwamnan lardin ya san da matsalar, amma bai da kasafin kuɗin gina gadar zamani. A halin yanzu, ya ba da shawarar mazauna yankin su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don gyara gadar ta amfani da itace. {{Sfn|Le pont de la rivière Kayongozi}}

== Mqnqzarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Adewale00</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154026</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844905</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:23:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="6in6gdxvpoznom37v9ce2yijc9ve3c5" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Adewale00! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Adewale00|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6in6gdxvpoznom37v9ce2yijc9ve3c5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Kellyblaire</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154027</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844906</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844906</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1196" sha1="sxplrpn1fdgdax90yp5wf3n1b8a3y7l" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kellyblaire! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kellyblaire|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>sxplrpn1fdgdax90yp5wf3n1b8a3y7l</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Crazyberserk</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844908</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="7rt164dq29dbumf833o27i7aztg7j85" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Crazyberserk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Crazyberserk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844983</id>
      <parentid>844908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:47:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Crazyberserk</username>
        <id>45418</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>deleted spam bot</comment>
      <origin>844983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Pom445</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154029</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844909</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="eaj0cjpsfrft7o2pd4bcowzhw1np2c0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pom445! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pom445|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>eaj0cjpsfrft7o2pd4bcowzhw1np2c0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Abubakar Babayo</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154030</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844911</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1204" sha1="hki4f0cfmu6rwk2glkw3oyov35bsh71" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abubakar Babayo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abubakar Babayo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>hki4f0cfmu6rwk2glkw3oyov35bsh71</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Yuliamasha</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154031</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844912</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844912</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="jlr6bytaje80x9p0gjq3gaa0uuk0ej2" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yuliamasha! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yuliamasha|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jlr6bytaje80x9p0gjq3gaa0uuk0ej2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:BlockatePollop2</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844913</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:24:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1204" sha1="gr8zs88bsk0nrwjresb2fias3tk5zf4" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BlockatePollop2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BlockatePollop2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>gr8zs88bsk0nrwjresb2fias3tk5zf4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Volleck</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844914</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="7y2nqwqr2g01nijrzlbu491yadv3vjk" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Volleck! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Volleck|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7y2nqwqr2g01nijrzlbu491yadv3vjk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Zurekonijn</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844915</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="qpwq89182i7mzcgms5jk0i4cv88dbub" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zurekonijn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zurekonijn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>qpwq89182i7mzcgms5jk0i4cv88dbub</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:IvanKonev123</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154035</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844916</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="o84sqr9eze2udopufgocglaow3mfsul" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IvanKonev123! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IvanKonev123|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>o84sqr9eze2udopufgocglaow3mfsul</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:NVNkz</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154036</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844917</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1184" sha1="lijdticpnrrc4li9gzxs8qsmiepwoof" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, NVNkz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/NVNkz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>lijdticpnrrc4li9gzxs8qsmiepwoof</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Sunfish Dash</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844918</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844918</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="6n3wk1t8ruye59fdlo2kghqpdfg86bv" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sunfish Dash! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sunfish Dash|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6n3wk1t8ruye59fdlo2kghqpdfg86bv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kinyankuru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844919</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357201880|Kinyankuru River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2438" sha1="doruroubb4rlw6d9yugy3c7ubyst1a2" xml:space="preserve">
'''Kogin Kinyankuru''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kinyankuru babban magudanar ruwa ne na [[kogin Rurubu]] . {{Sfn|Igirukwishaka|Bararunyeretse|Habonayo|Bangirinama|2023}} Tana tattara kwararar ruwa daga tsakiyar tsakiya da kudancin lardin Ngozi : Gashikanwa, Kiremba, Ngozi, Ruhororo da Tangara . {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}}

Kinyankuru ya samo asali ne daga kudu maso gabashin garin Ngozi, inda Kogin Nyacijima da Kogin Nyamuswaga suka haɗu a wani yanki mai dausayi wanda Kinyankuru ke zubar da shi. Gaba da kudu kuma Kogin Nyakagezi ya haɗu daga dama (yamma). {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kogin yana gudana tsakanin Kimerejana da Rimiro a cikin Kwaminar Ruhororo, Lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Rapport sur la situation des déplacés}} Kogin Nyabusyo ya haɗu da kogin daga hagu zuwa ƙasa. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Yana kwarara zuwa Ruvubu a ƙarshen kudancin lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kinyankuru wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} A kewayen Kinyankuru Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 331 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, an yi amfani da dausayin da ke gefen kogin gaba ɗaya don noma, gami da yankunan da aka tsara don daidaita matakan ruwa. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}} Akwai dausayi guda biyu marasa kulawa a Kinyankuru A Lardin Ngozi kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2014: {{Convert|220|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Gashikanwa da {{Convert|564|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Ruhororo . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}} Akwai dausayi mara kulawa a kan Kinyankuru a Lardin Karuzi mai fadin {{Convert|38|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Gihogazi . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844922</id>
      <parentid>844919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2465" sha1="5bni79evi94lpqdesgh274zjswnypz4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kinyankuru''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Rurubu]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kinyankuru babban magudanar ruwa ne na [[kogin Rurubu]] . {{Sfn|Igirukwishaka|Bararunyeretse|Habonayo|Bangirinama|2023}} Tana tattara kwararar ruwa daga tsakiyar tsakiya da kudancin lardin Ngozi : Gashikanwa, Kiremba, Ngozi, Ruhororo da Tangara . {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}}

Kinyankuru ya samo asali ne daga kudu maso gabashin garin Ngozi, inda Kogin Nyacijima da Kogin Nyamuswaga suka haɗu a wani yanki mai dausayi wanda Kinyankuru ke zubar da shi. Gaba da kudu kuma Kogin Nyakagezi ya haɗu daga dama (yamma). {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kogin yana gudana tsakanin Kimerejana da Rimiro a cikin Kwaminar Ruhororo, Lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Rapport sur la situation des déplacés}} Kogin Nyabusyo ya haɗu da kogin daga hagu zuwa ƙasa. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Yana kwarara zuwa Ruvubu a ƙarshen kudancin lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kinyankuru wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} A kewayen Kinyankuru Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 331 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Dausayi ==
Ya zuwa shekarar 2009, an yi amfani da dausayin da ke gefen kogin gaba ɗaya don noma, gami da yankunan da aka tsara don daidaita matakan ruwa. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}} Akwai dausayi guda biyu marasa kulawa a Kinyankuru A Lardin Ngozi kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2014: {{Convert|220|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Gashikanwa da {{Convert|564|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Ruhororo . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}} Akwai dausayi mara kulawa a kan Kinyankuru a Lardin Karuzi mai fadin {{Convert|38|ha}} a cikin Al'ummar Gihogazi . {{Sfn|Strategie nationale de developpement}}


==manazarta==</text>
      <sha1>5bni79evi94lpqdesgh274zjswnypz4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Stargeorge</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154039</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844920</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:25:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="3dadkt8jbtlhtsganojkuyk4qdxcysx" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Stargeorge! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Stargeorge|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3dadkt8jbtlhtsganojkuyk4qdxcysx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Denpakei</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154040</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844921</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844921</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="rmislkydpub97uicounfvg9o29b4aqy" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Denpakei! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Denpakei|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>rmislkydpub97uicounfvg9o29b4aqy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Encyacht</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154041</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844923</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="7qvec5a9iixxih6uauy7nuj5rjinaz4" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Encyacht! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Encyacht|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7qvec5a9iixxih6uauy7nuj5rjinaz4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Willibrede</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844924</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="kbmwogxtqlkczd8ibdu0hqvr62n5z5a" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Willibrede! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Willibrede|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kbmwogxtqlkczd8ibdu0hqvr62n5z5a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Normalzebr</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844925</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="9p4t5l32dpbugo24hwqcqs0x2dj8n0p" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Normalzebr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Normalzebr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>9p4t5l32dpbugo24hwqcqs0x2dj8n0p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Screamers Pod</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154044</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844926</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="8114tqadfuxiljxuorbcmkxh6bgprv7" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Screamers Pod! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Screamers Pod|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8114tqadfuxiljxuorbcmkxh6bgprv7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:B.beibit87</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844928</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:26:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="3ggy065akvn85ak77rvtutxxefur1a0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, B.beibit87! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/B.beibit87|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3ggy065akvn85ak77rvtutxxefur1a0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Aniyahol</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154046</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844929</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844929</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="bpjf95fa08v1bboqi5lwrlrod7rz9dw" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aniyahol! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aniyahol|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bpjf95fa08v1bboqi5lwrlrod7rz9dw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:NonSoCheNickMettere</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154047</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844930</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1212" sha1="qjnw4e8c561hrj0px5ckbn7heeqet75" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, NonSoCheNickMettere! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/NonSoCheNickMettere|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>qjnw4e8c561hrj0px5ckbn7heeqet75</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Antiaichecker</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154048</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844931</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="gqj349f62i4fx9edzrts0yk1c6zrnda" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Antiaichecker! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Antiaichecker|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>gqj349f62i4fx9edzrts0yk1c6zrnda</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kirasa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844932</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354340952|Kirasa River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2985" sha1="l2qqcebhu8y509cqp1nl9c1dn3wsqr3" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kirasa''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kirasa yana gudana a yammacin kasar ta arewa maso gabashin lardin Rumonge har zuwa bakinsa a tafkin Tanganyika kusa da [[Gitaza]] .

Yankin da ke kewaye da kogin Kirasa yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 276 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin yankin yana da yanayi mai kyau. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|18|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Nuwamba, tare da {{Convert|14|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,304|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|200|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|15|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Mayun 2021, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa gadar da ke ɗauke da hanyar RN3 ta ratsa kogin Kirasa ta ruguje. Ta haɗa yankin Kabezi da ke lardin karkara na Bujumbura, da kuma yankin Muhata da ke lardin Rumonge. {{Sfn|Un pont s’est effondré}} Gadar ta lalace ba tare da an gyara ta ba, don haka dole ne a gina wata sabuwa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}} A halin yanzu, fasinjojin da ke tafiya tsakanin [[Bujumbura]] da Rumonge za su sauka su haye kogin da ƙafa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}}

A watan Afrilun 2024, zaftarewar ƙasa da ta ratsa kogin Kirasa ta lalata gidaje 497 da kuma fiye da {{Convert|500|ha}} na gonakin amfanin gona a ƙauyen Gabaniro, yankin Gitaza, gundumar Muhuta a lardin Rumonge. Ta lalata madatsar ruwa ta Kirasa wadda ke samar da wutar lantarki ga garin [[Mutamba]] a gundumar Muhuta kuma ta lalata gine-ginen da za su riƙe sabuwar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kirasa Energy. {{Sfn|Landslide kills child}}

== Aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kamfanin Kirasa Energy ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da gwamnatin Burundi a watan Oktoban 2019 don haɓaka da kuma canja wurin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu a kogin Kirasi, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 16. Kamfanin ya nemi tallafin kuɗi daga [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] da Bankin Raya Kasuwanci . A watan Disamba na 2022, Kamfanin Kirasa Energy ya bayar da sanarwar nuna sha'awa ga ma'aikatan ba da shawara na ƙasashen duniya don sa ido da kuma kula da aikin ginin. {{Sfn|Projet de développement, construction, exploitation}}

Za a sami madatsar ruwa a kogin tsakanin Rutovu da Higiro collines, da kuma madatsar ruwa a gefen hagu (kudu) mai ratsa kogin Ginge a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Gihondo. Dukansu za su ciyar da bututun ruwa wanda zai kai ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai karfin MW 9.5 a ƙarƙashin mahaɗin Kirasa da Ginge. A ƙasa kuma za a sami madatsar ruwa a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Nigera wanda ke ciyar da bututun ruwa wanda zai kai ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai karfin MW 6.5 kusa da bakin kogin. {{Sfn|Le projet: En quoi consiste-il}}</text>
      <sha1>l2qqcebhu8y509cqp1nl9c1dn3wsqr3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844935</id>
      <parentid>844932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844935</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3012" sha1="8jgs0a4qgqptecs8ut75bskpttp6f0g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kirasa''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kirasa yana gudana a yammacin kasar ta arewa maso gabashin lardin Rumonge har zuwa bakinsa a tafkin Tanganyika kusa da [[Gitaza]] .

Yankin da ke kewaye da kogin Kirasa yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 276 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin yankin yana da yanayi mai kyau. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|18|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Yuli, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Nuwamba, tare da {{Convert|14|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,304|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shine Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|200|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|15|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Mayun 2021, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa gadar da ke ɗauke da hanyar RN3 ta ratsa kogin Kirasa ta ruguje. Ta haɗa yankin Kabezi da ke lardin karkara na Bujumbura, da kuma yankin Muhata da ke lardin Rumonge. {{Sfn|Un pont s’est effondré}} Gadar ta lalace ba tare da an gyara ta ba, don haka dole ne a gina wata sabuwa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}} A halin yanzu, fasinjojin da ke tafiya tsakanin [[Bujumbura]] da Rumonge za su sauka su haye kogin da ƙafa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}}

A watan Afrilun 2024, zaftarewar ƙasa da ta ratsa kogin Kirasa ta lalata gidaje 497 da kuma fiye da {{Convert|500|ha}} na gonakin amfanin gona a ƙauyen Gabaniro, yankin Gitaza, gundumar Muhuta a lardin Rumonge. Ta lalata madatsar ruwa ta Kirasa wadda ke samar da wutar lantarki ga garin [[Mutamba]] a gundumar Muhuta kuma ta lalata gine-ginen da za su riƙe sabuwar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Kirasa Energy. {{Sfn|Landslide kills child}}

== Aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Kamfanin Kirasa Energy ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da gwamnatin Burundi a watan Oktoban 2019 don haɓaka da kuma canja wurin tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu a kogin Kirasi, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na MW 16. Kamfanin ya nemi tallafin kuɗi daga [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]] da Bankin Raya Kasuwanci . A watan Disamba na 2022, Kamfanin Kirasa Energy ya bayar da sanarwar nuna sha'awa ga ma'aikatan ba da shawara na ƙasashen duniya don sa ido da kuma kula da aikin ginin. {{Sfn|Projet de développement, construction, exploitation}}

Za a sami madatsar ruwa a kogin tsakanin Rutovu da Higiro collines, da kuma madatsar ruwa a gefen hagu (kudu) mai ratsa kogin Ginge a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Gihondo. Dukansu za su ciyar da bututun ruwa wanda zai kai ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai karfin MW 9.5 a ƙarƙashin mahaɗin Kirasa da Ginge. A ƙasa kuma za a sami madatsar ruwa a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Nigera wanda ke ciyar da bututun ruwa wanda zai kai ga tashar wutar lantarki ta ruwa mai karfin MW 6.5 kusa da bakin kogin. {{Sfn|Le projet: En quoi consiste-il}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Agpigeon</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>154050</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844933</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:27:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>844933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1190" sha1="6b86zudymk5awru0aazzy59c22k3z1i" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Agpigeon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Agpigeon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Kitenge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844936</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:29:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340956189|Kitenge River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1540" sha1="c0jj3bsbgwgxrduwpdbc4idxbkuigoi" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Kitenge''', ko kuma '''Gitenge Rver''', kogi ne da ke arewa maso yammacin Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kitenge ya taru a saman Tafkin Rwegura, ma'ajiyar tashar wutar lantarki ta Rwegura kuma tana gudana a gaba ɗaya daga yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma. Tana samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bubanza a kudu da Lardin Cibitoke a arewa. Ma'ajiyar [[Kogin Kagunuzi]] ce, wacce take haɗuwa daga dama, wanda kuma ma'ajiyar [[Kogin Ruzizi]] ce.

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Gitenge–Kagunuzi da [[Kogin Kaburantwa]] muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Kogin Gitenge yana samar da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mugere mai karfin MW 18. Tafkin ya ba da damar daidaita Kitenge da nufin kafa wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki a ƙasa. {{Sfn|Rapport annuel 1982}}

A shekarar 2011, kogin KItenge da ke saman tafkin Rwegura Dam ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Wasu sun ce an ce bishiyoyin Eucalyptus da aka dasa a kusa da tafkin suna cinye ruwa mai yawa. {{Sfn|Nouvelles locales du jeudi 15 septembre 2011}} Wani bayani kuma shi ne cewa sare dazuzzuka da gonakin shayi sun rage ƙarfin ƙasar na shan ruwa a lokacin damina da kuma fitar da shi ta hanyar rabewa a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Bizimana|2024}} Regideso Burundi tana ɗaukar ma'aikata akalla 400 don haƙa {{Convert|8|km}} magudanar ruwa don Kogin Inamunyiriri ya kwarara cikin tafkin. {{Sfn|Nouvelles locales du jeudi 15 septembre 2011}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:29:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1552" sha1="bf3fwe1c7cgngiufu4cpim50ecyutv8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Kitenge''', ko kuma '''Gitenge Rver''', kogi ne da ke arewa maso yammacin Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Kitenge ya taru a saman Tafkin Rwegura, ma'ajiyar tashar wutar lantarki ta Rwegura kuma tana gudana a gaba ɗaya daga yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma. Tana samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bubanza a kudu da Lardin Cibitoke a arewa. Ma'ajiyar [[Kogin Kagunuzi]] ce, wacce take haɗuwa daga dama, wanda kuma ma'ajiyar [[Kogin Ruzizi]] ce.

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Gitenge–Kagunuzi da [[Kogin Kaburantwa]] muhimman magudanan ruwa ne a gefen gabashin kogin Ruzizi, tare da kimanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kimanin MW 100. {{Sfn|Republic of Burundi Energy sector rehabilitation}} Kogin Gitenge yana samar da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mugere mai karfin MW 18. Tafkin ya ba da damar daidaita Kitenge da nufin kafa wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki a ƙasa. {{Sfn|Rapport annuel 1982}}

A shekarar 2011, kogin KItenge da ke saman tafkin Rwegura Dam ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Wasu sun ce an ce bishiyoyin Eucalyptus da aka dasa a kusa da tafkin suna cinye ruwa mai yawa. {{Sfn|Nouvelles locales du jeudi 15 septembre 2011}} Wani bayani kuma shi ne cewa sare dazuzzuka da gonakin shayi sun rage ƙarfin ƙasar na shan ruwa a lokacin damina da kuma fitar da shi ta hanyar rabewa a lokacin rani. {{Sfn|Bizimana|2024}} Regideso Burundi tana ɗaukar ma'aikata akalla 400 don haƙa {{Convert|8|km}} magudanar ruwa don Kogin Inamunyiriri ya kwarara cikin tafkin. {{Sfn|Nouvelles locales du jeudi 15 septembre 2011}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mpanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844939</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:31:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255261377|Mpanda River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3449" sha1="bx230bxfwwqb3g3kcvyt3wu5pt0ydrh" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Mpanda''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Bubanza, Burundi. Yana cikin [[kogin Ruzizi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Mpanda da [[Kogin Kajeke]] su ne kawai magudanar ruwa ta dindindin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasan Rusizi. Mpanda yana tashi kusa da gefen tudun Zaire-Nile, kuma yana ratsawa ta cikin fili na tsawon kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} . Kimanin {{Convert|10|km}} daga Rusizi yana ratsa wani babban fili mai faɗi da ke haɗuwa da kwarin Kogin Mutimbuzi . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}}

Mpanda tana tashi a cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Kibira da ke kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Bubanza. Tana ratsa yamma sannan kudu maso yamma ta Lardin Bubanza ta ratsa garuruwan Mpanda da [[Murengeza]], sannan ta ratsa kudu maso yamma ta kan iyakar Lardin Bubanza da Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura . Tana ayyana ƙarshen arewa na [[Filin jirgin saman Bujumbura|Filin Jirgin Sama na Melchior Ndadaye]], sannan ta haɗu da [[Kogin Ruzizi]] da ke arewa da bakinta a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Mpanda (2689931)}}

Mpanda tana da tsawon {{Convert|5|to|6|m}}faɗin  da {{Convert|2|m}} zurfi. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} A lokacin bushewa, kwararar ruwa na iya zama {{Convert|2|m3/s}}, amma yana iya zama kogi a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}}

== Matsaloli ==
A watan Oktoban 2020, bututun mai a Rukaramu, Commune na Mutimbuzi, Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura, sun bushe tsawon sama da watanni shida. An tilasta wa mazauna amfani da ruwa daga Kogin Mpanda. {{Sfn|Dushime|2020}} A watan Nuwamban 2020, gabar kogin ta ruguje kuma Kogin Mpanda ya bar bakinsa kusa da Rukaramu. {{Sfn|Niyungeko|2020}}

A watan Maris na 2021, madatsar ruwa ta Gatura da ke kan kogin Mpanda ta bace, wanda hakan ya haifar da barazanar cewa sama da {{Convert|3125|ha}} na gonakin shinkafa a cikin kwamitocin Mpanda da Gihanga za su bushe. Wata mafita ita ce a karkatar da Kogin Nyaburiga da ke kusa zuwa madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}} A watan Mayu na 2021, kogin ya yi barazanar karya madatsar ruwa da ke kare kayayyakin more rayuwa na filin jirgin saman Melchior Ndadaye na kasa da kasa. [ 7 ]

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
An fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a kogin Mpanda a shekarar 2011, wanda aka kiyasta kudinsa ya kai dala miliyan 54. 'Yan kwangilar sun hada da kamfanin kasar Sin CENEMA-CGC don gina gine-gine da kayan aikin tashar wutar lantarki, da kuma Angelique International don tashar sadarwa da layin rarraba wutar lantarki. Aikin ya tsaya a shekarar 2017 bayan an kammala kashi 45%, tunda ba a biya 'yan kwangilar sauran ayyukan ba. A watan Oktoban 2021, [[Evariste ndayishmiye|Evariste Ndayishimiye]], Shugaban kasar Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin, inda ya gano cewa wasu gine-ginen sun riga sun ruguje. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021b}}

A watan Yunin 2021, kamfanin kasar Faransa Hydroneo East Africa ya sami rancen dala miliyan 1 na ci gaba daga Dandalin Ayyukan Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa (REPP) na gwamnatin Birtaniya don aiwatar da aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 10.2 a kan ruwan kogin Mpanda. Aikin ya bukaci jimillar dala miliyan 43.5, kuma Hydroneo ya yi tsammanin kammala kudi a shekarar 2022. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2021}} A watan Yunin 2023, Hydroneo East Africa ta gayyaci kamfanoni daban-daban don gina [[Mpanda Hydroelectric Power Station|tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Mpanda]] da kuma tsawon {{Convert|27|km}} layin watsa wutar lantarki daga masana'antar da kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Rubirizi. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2023}}</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Mpanda''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Bubanza, Burundi. Yana cikin [[kogin Ruzizi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Mpanda da [[Kogin Kajeke]] su ne kawai magudanar ruwa ta dindindin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasan Rusizi. Mpanda yana tashi kusa da gefen tudun Zaire-Nile, kuma yana ratsawa ta cikin fili na tsawon kimanin {{Convert|30|km}} . Kimanin {{Convert|10|km}} daga Rusizi yana ratsa wani babban fili mai faɗi da ke haɗuwa da kwarin Kogin Mutimbuzi . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}}

Mpanda tana tashi a cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Kibira da ke kan iyaka tsakanin Lardin Muramvya da Lardin Bubanza. Tana ratsa yamma sannan kudu maso yamma ta Lardin Bubanza ta ratsa garuruwan Mpanda da [[Murengeza]], sannan ta ratsa kudu maso yamma ta kan iyakar Lardin Bubanza da Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura . Tana ayyana ƙarshen arewa na [[Filin jirgin saman Bujumbura|Filin Jirgin Sama na Melchior Ndadaye]], sannan ta haɗu da [[Kogin Ruzizi]] da ke arewa da bakinta a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Relation: Mpanda (2689931)}}

Mpanda tana da tsawon {{Convert|5|to|6|m}}faɗin  da {{Convert|2|m}} zurfi. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} A lokacin bushewa, kwararar ruwa na iya zama {{Convert|2|m3/s}}, amma yana iya zama kogi a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}}

== Matsaloli ==
A watan Oktoban 2020, bututun mai a Rukaramu, Commune na Mutimbuzi, Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura, sun bushe tsawon sama da watanni shida. An tilasta wa mazauna amfani da ruwa daga Kogin Mpanda. {{Sfn|Dushime|2020}} A watan Nuwamban 2020, gabar kogin ta ruguje kuma Kogin Mpanda ya bar bakinsa kusa da Rukaramu. {{Sfn|Niyungeko|2020}}

A watan Maris na 2021, madatsar ruwa ta Gatura da ke kan kogin Mpanda ta bace, wanda hakan ya haifar da barazanar cewa sama da {{Convert|3125|ha}} na gonakin shinkafa a cikin kwamitocin Mpanda da Gihanga za su bushe. Wata mafita ita ce a karkatar da Kogin Nyaburiga da ke kusa zuwa madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021}} A watan Mayu na 2021, kogin ya yi barazanar karya madatsar ruwa da ke kare kayayyakin more rayuwa na filin jirgin saman Melchior Ndadaye na kasa da kasa. [ 7 ]

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
An fara aikin gina madatsar ruwa ta ruwa a kogin Mpanda a shekarar 2011, wanda aka kiyasta kudinsa ya kai dala miliyan 54. 'Yan kwangilar sun hada da kamfanin kasar Sin CENEMA-CGC don gina gine-gine da kayan aikin tashar wutar lantarki, da kuma Angelique International don tashar sadarwa da layin rarraba wutar lantarki. Aikin ya tsaya a shekarar 2017 bayan an kammala kashi 45%, tunda ba a biya 'yan kwangilar sauran ayyukan ba. A watan Oktoban 2021, [[Evariste ndayishmiye|Evariste Ndayishimiye]], Shugaban kasar Burundi, ya ziyarci wurin, inda ya gano cewa wasu gine-ginen sun riga sun ruguje. {{Sfn|Nyandwi|2021b}}

A watan Yunin 2021, kamfanin kasar Faransa Hydroneo East Africa ya sami rancen dala miliyan 1 na ci gaba daga Dandalin Ayyukan Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa (REPP) na gwamnatin Birtaniya don aiwatar da aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 10.2 a kan ruwan kogin Mpanda. Aikin ya bukaci jimillar dala miliyan 43.5, kuma Hydroneo ya yi tsammanin kammala kudi a shekarar 2022. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2021}} A watan Yunin 2023, Hydroneo East Africa ta gayyaci kamfanoni daban-daban don gina [[Mpanda Hydroelectric Power Station|tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Mpanda]] da kuma tsawon {{Convert|27|km}} layin watsa wutar lantarki daga masana'antar da kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Rubirizi. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2023}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Mubarazi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154053</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844942</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:32:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314743695|Mubarazi River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3062" sha1="oam2u7gimvbfy3bp7w1w6jiymn1mbwr" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Mubarazi''' ( French   ) kogi ne a ƙasar Burundi, babban mashigin [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] . {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}}

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Mubarazi yana tashi a Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura zuwa gabashin Rukina. Yana kwarara kudu maso gabas, sannan arewa maso gabas, sannan arewa zuwa Lardin Muramvya zuwa gefen yamma na Muramvya, inda yake juyawa gabas a arewacin garin. {{Sfn|Way: Mubarazi (308663637)}} A gabashin Muramvya yana ba da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Gikonge . {{Sfn|Way: Centrale hydroélectrique Gikonge (304015929)}} Yana ci gaba da kudu maso gabas sannan gabas zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Gitega, yana ayyana iyakar Muramvya da Gitega na ɗan lokaci. Yana kwarara arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Gitega ta wuce Murongwe don shiga [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]] . {{Sfn|Way: Mubarazi (526451722)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin ƙasan Mubarazi wani yanki ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 369 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Yankunan halitta ==
Yankin da ke magudanar ruwa na saman kogin yana cikin yankin Mugamba na halitta da yankin Bututsi, kuma ya haɗa da magudanar ruwa kamar kogin Karuyenzi da Kigezi. Yana gangara ƙasa daga kan tudun Kongo-Nile zuwa babban tudun, inda yake raguwa. {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} A ƙasan kogin yana gudana ta yankin Kirimiro na halitta . {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} A ƙasan kogin Munyinya yana haɗuwa da shi. Wannan yankin yana da noma sosai. {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} Wani madatsar ruwa a kan kogin ya ƙunshi ciyayin shinkafa na Mubarazi- [[Kogin Kaniga|Kaniga]], waɗanda suka mamaye kusan {{Convert|130|ha}} kuma suna iya samar da kusan tan 1,000 na shinkafa. {{Sfn|Les travaux de sarclage}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2016, an kama [[Jean Bigirimana]], wani ɗan jarida mai bincike a [[Iwacu]], wanda ake kyautata zaton daga Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Ƙasa ne kuma ya ɓace. A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, an gano gawawwaki biyu da suka lalace a Kogin Mubarazi kusa da wurin da Bigirimana ya ɓace. Duk da haka, matarsa ta tabbatar da cewa babu ɗayansu da Bigirimana. {{Sfn|Burundi: Two years on and no word...}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2019, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa Kogin Mubarazi ya fashe gaɓarsa kuma ya cika hanyoyi da amfanin gona. {{Sfn|Burundi – Heavy Rain Triggers Deadly Landslides}}</text>
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'''Kogin Mubarazi''' ( French   ) kogi ne a ƙasar Burundi, babban mashigin [[Kogin Rurubu|kogin Ruvubu]] . {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}}

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Mubarazi yana tashi a Lardin Karkara na Bujumbura zuwa gabashin Rukina. Yana kwarara kudu maso gabas, sannan arewa maso gabas, sannan arewa zuwa Lardin Muramvya zuwa gefen yamma na Muramvya, inda yake juyawa gabas a arewacin garin. {{Sfn|Way: Mubarazi (308663637)}} A gabashin Muramvya yana ba da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Gikonge . {{Sfn|Way: Centrale hydroélectrique Gikonge (304015929)}} Yana ci gaba da kudu maso gabas sannan gabas zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Gitega, yana ayyana iyakar Muramvya da Gitega na ɗan lokaci. Yana kwarara arewa maso gabas ta Lardin Gitega ta wuce Murongwe don shiga [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]] . {{Sfn|Way: Mubarazi (526451722)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin ƙasan Mubarazi wani yanki ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 369 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine watan Agusta, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Yankunan halitta ==
Yankin da ke magudanar ruwa na saman kogin yana cikin yankin Mugamba na halitta da yankin Bututsi, kuma ya haɗa da magudanar ruwa kamar kogin Karuyenzi da Kigezi. Yana gangara ƙasa daga kan tudun Kongo-Nile zuwa babban tudun, inda yake raguwa. {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} A ƙasan kogin yana gudana ta yankin Kirimiro na halitta . {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} A ƙasan kogin Munyinya yana haɗuwa da shi. Wannan yankin yana da noma sosai. {{Sfn|Nahimana|Ntakarutimana|Habonimana|Nyandwi|2010}} Wani madatsar ruwa a kan kogin ya ƙunshi ciyayin shinkafa na Mubarazi- [[Kogin Kaniga|Kaniga]], waɗanda suka mamaye kusan {{Convert|130|ha}} kuma suna iya samar da kusan tan 1,000 na shinkafa. {{Sfn|Les travaux de sarclage}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Yulin 2016, an kama [[Jean Bigirimana]], wani ɗan jarida mai bincike a [[Iwacu]], wanda ake kyautata zaton daga Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Ƙasa ne kuma ya ɓace. A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, an gano gawawwaki biyu da suka lalace a Kogin Mubarazi kusa da wurin da Bigirimana ya ɓace. Duk da haka, matarsa ta tabbatar da cewa babu ɗayansu da Bigirimana. {{Sfn|Burundi: Two years on and no word...}}

A watan Disamba na shekarar 2019, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa Kogin Mubarazi ya fashe gaɓarsa kuma ya cika hanyoyi da amfanin gona. {{Sfn|Burundi – Heavy Rain Triggers Deadly Landslides}}


==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Muhembuzi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:34:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296265927|Muhembuzi River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Muhembuzi''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke arewa maso gabashin lardin Kirundo na kasar Burundi, wani mashigar [[tafkin Rweru]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Muhembuzi yana gudana arewa sannan arewa maso gabas ta hanyar Commune of Busoni zuwa kudu maso gabashin tafkin Rweru. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} {{Sfn|Way: Muhembuzi (1263776717)}} Yana fitowa zuwa yamma da Rungazi ''colline'', kuma yana gudana arewa tsakanin Munyinya da Gatemere ''collines'' . Yana wucewa zuwa yammacin Murore kuma yana gudana ta cikin Busoni ''colline'', sannan ya juya zuwa arewa maso gabas ta cikin Burara ''colline'' . {{Sfn|Kirundo USDMA}} Yana shiga tafkin zuwa yamma da Nyagisozi ''colline'' . {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Muhembuzi wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 308 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,170|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|178|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Fadaka ==
Dausayin Muhembuzi yana cikin yankin halitta na Bugesera . Yana kwarara kai tsaye zuwa tafkin Rweru. Yankin da aka gina ya kai kimanin {{Convert|2|km}} sama daga titin RP314 Busoni – Bwambarangwe zuwa hanyar RP63 Gatare – Nyagisozi, ‘yan mitoci dari daga tafkin Rweru. Akwai ''collines'' biyar a gefen hagu (yamma): Gatare, Kigoma, Nyakizu, Burara da Mugobe da kai a bankin dama (gabas): Ruheha, Nyabugeni da Butabo. Ƙasar tana da matsakaicin gangara kuma zaizayar ƙasa ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

Mutanen yankin sun daɗe suna haɓaka wannan dausayi. Ana noma shi gaba ɗaya a duk shekara, kuma ba shi da bambancin halittu na daji. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, an kafa masu gudanar da dausayin a cikin ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta mutane kusan 1,800 waɗanda ke da rumfuna biyu, ɗaya a Nyakizu colline a gefen hagu, ɗayan kuma a Nyabugeni colline a gefen dama. An horar da membobin haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin zamani na noman shinkafa mai ƙarfi, ta amfani da ƙarancin iri da kuma samar da ƙari. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

An ƙaddamar da wani shiri na shekaru uku na 2003-2005 don haɓaka dausayin Muhembuzi mai {{Convert|150|ha}}, da kuma kula da noman shinkafa da amfanin gona na lambu da za su iya girma a kowane yanayi. Shirin ya kuma haɗa da haɓaka dausayin ruwan Muhembuzi ta hanyar dasa shingen hana zaizayar ƙasa a kan layukan da'ira, dasa ciyawar gyara da sauran matakan da za su kiyaye dausayin da magudanar ruwa a cikin dausayin. {{Sfn|Ruzima|2004}}

An yi nufin masu gudanar da dausayin su biya kuɗin ga kwamin da kuma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa, amma har zuwa shekarar 2020 ba a sake biyan waɗannan kuɗin ba. Bayan da aka fara gina dausayin, ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta biya ma'aikata uku don kula da ƙofofin rarraba ruwa. Nan da shekarar 2020 waɗannan ma'aikata sun tafi kuma ƙofofin sun daina aiki. Yawancinsu an rushe dausayin da magudanar ruwa. Wasu sassan dausayin galibi ambaliyar ruwa ce, yayin da wasu kuma ba su taɓa samun ruwa ba. Saboda rashin daidaito, filayen shinkafa da ke kusa za su kasance a matakai daban-daban na girma tare da buƙatun ruwa daban-daban. Akwai rikice-rikice akai-akai game da raba ruwa. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

A shekarar 2021, Ƙungiyar Enabel don Inganta Ilimi da Horarwa a Ƙasashen Waje (APEFE) ta ƙaddamar da wani tsari na haɗin gwiwa da ''Shirin d'Appui Institutionnel et Opérationnel au Secteur Agricole'' (PAIOSA) don gyara dausayin Muhembuzi da dausayin Ndurumu a Bugesera. {{Sfn|Rapport de résultats 2021}} A ranar 23 ga Maris 2023, an ƙaddamar da Shirin Tallafawa Ci Gaban Ban Ruwa (PADI) a hukumance don haɓaka ban ruwa na dausayin Muhembuzi mai {{Convert|160|ha}} a cikin ''tarin'' Burara na Commune of Busoni. Za a sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da ke faruwa akai-akai kuma yawan amfanin gona zai ƙaru. {{Sfn|PADI, un programme qui vient à point nommé}}</text>
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'''Kogin Muhembuzi''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke arewa maso gabashin lardin Kirundo na kasar Burundi, wani mashigar [[tafkin Rweru]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Muhembuzi yana gudana arewa sannan arewa maso gabas ta hanyar Commune of Busoni zuwa kudu maso gabashin tafkin Rweru. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} {{Sfn|Way: Muhembuzi (1263776717)}} Yana fitowa zuwa yamma da Rungazi ''colline'', kuma yana gudana arewa tsakanin Munyinya da Gatemere ''collines'' . Yana wucewa zuwa yammacin Murore kuma yana gudana ta cikin Busoni ''colline'', sannan ya juya zuwa arewa maso gabas ta cikin Burara ''colline'' . {{Sfn|Kirundo USDMA}} Yana shiga tafkin zuwa yamma da Nyagisozi ''colline'' . {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Muhembuzi wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 308 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|24|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,170|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|178|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Fadaka ==
Dausayin Muhembuzi yana cikin yankin halitta na Bugesera . Yana kwarara kai tsaye zuwa tafkin Rweru. Yankin da aka gina ya kai kimanin {{Convert|2|km}} sama daga titin RP314 Busoni – Bwambarangwe zuwa hanyar RP63 Gatare – Nyagisozi, ‘yan mitoci dari daga tafkin Rweru. Akwai ''collines'' biyar a gefen hagu (yamma): Gatare, Kigoma, Nyakizu, Burara da Mugobe da kai a bankin dama (gabas): Ruheha, Nyabugeni da Butabo. Ƙasar tana da matsakaicin gangara kuma zaizayar ƙasa ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

Mutanen yankin sun daɗe suna haɓaka wannan dausayi. Ana noma shi gaba ɗaya a duk shekara, kuma ba shi da bambancin halittu na daji. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, an kafa masu gudanar da dausayin a cikin ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta mutane kusan 1,800 waɗanda ke da rumfuna biyu, ɗaya a Nyakizu colline a gefen hagu, ɗayan kuma a Nyabugeni colline a gefen dama. An horar da membobin haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin zamani na noman shinkafa mai ƙarfi, ta amfani da ƙarancin iri da kuma samar da ƙari. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

An ƙaddamar da wani shiri na shekaru uku na 2003-2005 don haɓaka dausayin Muhembuzi mai {{Convert|150|ha}}, da kuma kula da noman shinkafa da amfanin gona na lambu da za su iya girma a kowane yanayi. Shirin ya kuma haɗa da haɓaka dausayin ruwan Muhembuzi ta hanyar dasa shingen hana zaizayar ƙasa a kan layukan da'ira, dasa ciyawar gyara da sauran matakan da za su kiyaye dausayin da magudanar ruwa a cikin dausayin. {{Sfn|Ruzima|2004}}

An yi nufin masu gudanar da dausayin su biya kuɗin ga kwamin da kuma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa, amma har zuwa shekarar 2020 ba a sake biyan waɗannan kuɗin ba. Bayan da aka fara gina dausayin, ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta biya ma'aikata uku don kula da ƙofofin rarraba ruwa. Nan da shekarar 2020 waɗannan ma'aikata sun tafi kuma ƙofofin sun daina aiki. Yawancinsu an rushe dausayin da magudanar ruwa. Wasu sassan dausayin galibi ambaliyar ruwa ce, yayin da wasu kuma ba su taɓa samun ruwa ba. Saboda rashin daidaito, filayen shinkafa da ke kusa za su kasance a matakai daban-daban na girma tare da buƙatun ruwa daban-daban. Akwai rikice-rikice akai-akai game da raba ruwa. {{Sfn|Projet d’appui au développement durable}}

A shekarar 2021, Ƙungiyar Enabel don Inganta Ilimi da Horarwa a Ƙasashen Waje (APEFE) ta ƙaddamar da wani tsari na haɗin gwiwa da ''Shirin d'Appui Institutionnel et Opérationnel au Secteur Agricole'' (PAIOSA) don gyara dausayin Muhembuzi da dausayin Ndurumu a Bugesera. {{Sfn|Rapport de résultats 2021}} A ranar 23 ga Maris 2023, an ƙaddamar da Shirin Tallafawa Ci Gaban Ban Ruwa (PADI) a hukumance don haɓaka ban ruwa na dausayin Muhembuzi mai {{Convert|160|ha}} a cikin ''tarin'' Burara na Commune of Busoni. Za a sarrafa ambaliyar ruwa da ke faruwa akai-akai kuma yawan amfanin gona zai ƙaru. {{Sfn|PADI, un programme qui vient à point nommé}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Muhira</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844946</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:35:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255536496|Muhira River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4157" sha1="lb3aciwq19wzm93lzvlc9u80orbsbps" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Muhira''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Cibitoke na kasar Burundi. Garin [[Kogin Ruzizi|kogin Ruzizi ne]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Muhira ya mamaye {{Convert|200|km2}} . Tushen kogin yana gefen tsaunin Kongo-Nile a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2000|m}} . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Kogin Muhira yana tashi a gabashin tsakiyar Lardin Cibitoke, kusa da kan iyaka da Rwanda. Yana gudana a gabas-kudu maso gabas zuwa gabashin birnin Cibitoke, sannan ya kwarara kudu zuwa bakinsa a kan Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Relation: Muhira (17503877)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Muhira wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 383 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|22|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|26|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Mayu, tare da {{Convert|20|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,391|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|233|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Ban ruwa ==
A watan Agusta na shekarar 2022, an gyara wani madatsar ruwa da ke Kogin Muhira. Wannan zai samar da kwararar ruwa ta yau da kullun ta {{Convert|1.6|m3/s}} zuwa sama da {{Convert|300|ha}} a cikin Murambi colline na Commune na Buganda . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

Wani aikin da aka fara a yankin Kivumvu da Kagimbu a watan Agustan 2022 ya ƙunshi gina wurin shan ruwa da kuma hanyar canja wurin ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa daga Kogin Muhira zuwa hanyar samar da ruwa ta Nyamagana . Shirin Tallafawa Cibiyoyi da Ayyuka na Sashen Noma (PAIOSA) ne ya gina wannan tsakanin 2017 da 2019. Wannan zai ƙara yawan filayen ban ruwa a yankin Rugombo da fiye da {{Convert|250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

A cikin Oktoba 2022 Gervais Ndirakobuca, Firayim Minista na Burundi, ya halarci taron masu gudanar da al'umma a Cibitoke . An shaida masa cewa ana ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan gina madatsun ruwa iri daya a kogin Muhira dake cikin gundumar Buganda da kuma yankin Rugombo. {{Sfn|Ntiyumvamabwire|2022}} A cikin Disamba 2023, ma'aikatan Enabel 180 daga [[Bujumbura]] sun dasa bishiyoyi a bakin kogin Muhira, inda kwanan nan PAIOSA ta kammala sabon madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2023}}

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Muhira, Nyamagana, [[Kogin Kaburantwa|Kaburantwa]] da [[Kogin Kagunuzi|Kagunuzi]] a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}

Ana amfani da ma'adanai a cikin kogin Muhira a babban mataki, wanda ke haifar da mummunan lalacewar yankin kogin da kuma rikici kan amfani da ruwa. {{Sfn|Lake Kivu and Ruzizi/Rusizi River Basin}}

A shekarar 2011, gadar da ke kan Kogin Muhira ta haɗa gangaren Rwiri na Commune of Murwi da gangaren Rusororo na Commune of Rugombo ta ruguje. 'Yan Belgium ne suka gina gadar a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma ba a kula da ita ba. Masu haƙar zinare sun lalata ta ta hanyar tono a kusa da gadar. Shekaru biyu bayan haka har yanzu ba a sake gina ta ba. {{Sfn|Pont Muhira : son écroulement}}

A shekarar 2019, gadar da ke kan Muhira wadda ta haɗa kwamitocin Murwi da Rugombo ta lalace lokacin da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa kogin ya cika makil. Shekaru uku bayan haka, a watan Afrilun 2022, har yanzu ba a maye gurbinta ba. Kwamitocin biyu suna fama da rashin ciniki, wanda ya nuna hauhawar farashi da raguwar kuɗin shiga na haraji na al'umma. {{Sfn|Bahati|2022}} A watan Yulin 2022, an ruwaito cewa mutanen kwamitocin suna gyara gadar a matsayin aikin ci gaban al'umma. {{Sfn|Mpundunziza|2022}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844947</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Muhira''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Cibitoke na kasar Burundi. Garin [[Kogin Ruzizi|kogin Ruzizi ne]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Muhira ya mamaye {{Convert|200|km2}} . Tushen kogin yana gefen tsaunin Kongo-Nile a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2000|m}} . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Kogin Muhira yana tashi a gabashin tsakiyar Lardin Cibitoke, kusa da kan iyaka da Rwanda. Yana gudana a gabas-kudu maso gabas zuwa gabashin birnin Cibitoke, sannan ya kwarara kudu zuwa bakinsa a kan Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Relation: Muhira (17503877)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Muhira wuri ne mai cike da gonaki da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a, tare da mazauna 383 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|22|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|26|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Mayu, tare da {{Convert|20|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,391|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|233|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|3|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Ban ruwa ==
A watan Agusta na shekarar 2022, an gyara wani madatsar ruwa da ke Kogin Muhira. Wannan zai samar da kwararar ruwa ta yau da kullun ta {{Convert|1.6|m3/s}} zuwa sama da {{Convert|300|ha}} a cikin Murambi colline na Commune na Buganda . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

Wani aikin da aka fara a yankin Kivumvu da Kagimbu a watan Agustan 2022 ya ƙunshi gina wurin shan ruwa da kuma hanyar canja wurin ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa daga Kogin Muhira zuwa hanyar samar da ruwa ta Nyamagana . Shirin Tallafawa Cibiyoyi da Ayyuka na Sashen Noma (PAIOSA) ne ya gina wannan tsakanin 2017 da 2019. Wannan zai ƙara yawan filayen ban ruwa a yankin Rugombo da fiye da {{Convert|250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

A cikin Oktoba 2022 Gervais Ndirakobuca, Firayim Minista na Burundi, ya halarci taron masu gudanar da al'umma a Cibitoke . An shaida masa cewa ana ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan gina madatsun ruwa iri daya a kogin Muhira dake cikin gundumar Buganda da kuma yankin Rugombo. {{Sfn|Ntiyumvamabwire|2022}} A cikin Disamba 2023, ma'aikatan Enabel 180 daga [[Bujumbura]] sun dasa bishiyoyi a bakin kogin Muhira, inda kwanan nan PAIOSA ta kammala sabon madatsar ruwa. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2023}}

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Muhira, Nyamagana, [[Kogin Kaburantwa|Kaburantwa]] da [[Kogin Kagunuzi|Kagunuzi]] a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}

Ana amfani da ma'adanai a cikin kogin Muhira a babban mataki, wanda ke haifar da mummunan lalacewar yankin kogin da kuma rikici kan amfani da ruwa. {{Sfn|Lake Kivu and Ruzizi/Rusizi River Basin}}

A shekarar 2011, gadar da ke kan Kogin Muhira ta haɗa gangaren Rwiri na Commune of Murwi da gangaren Rusororo na Commune of Rugombo ta ruguje. 'Yan Belgium ne suka gina gadar a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma ba a kula da ita ba. Masu haƙar zinare sun lalata ta ta hanyar tono a kusa da gadar. Shekaru biyu bayan haka har yanzu ba a sake gina ta ba. {{Sfn|Pont Muhira : son écroulement}}

A shekarar 2019, gadar da ke kan Muhira wadda ta haɗa kwamitocin Murwi da Rugombo ta lalace lokacin da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa kogin ya cika makil. Shekaru uku bayan haka, a watan Afrilun 2022, har yanzu ba a maye gurbinta ba. Kwamitocin biyu suna fama da rashin ciniki, wanda ya nuna hauhawar farashi da raguwar kuɗin shiga na haraji na al'umma. {{Sfn|Bahati|2022}} A watan Yulin 2022, an ruwaito cewa mutanen kwamitocin suna gyara gadar a matsayin aikin ci gaban al'umma. {{Sfn|Mpundunziza|2022}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Siguvyaye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>844948</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:37:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255394893|Siguvyaye River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2619" sha1="q36ujljyocji9akdv3qtpn60x9d4xgz" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Siguvyaye''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Siguvyaye yana tashi kusa da [[Nyagatovu]] a kudancin Lardin Bururi, kuma yana kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa yamma ta wannan lardin tsawonsa. Bayan ya ratsa kudu da birnin Bururi, yana ratsa kudu da yankin gandun daji na Bururi . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}}

Dajin Bururi yana da danshi sosai, tare da yalwar ''Newtonia buchananii'' da ''Carapa grandiflora'' a ƙananan sassan kwarin Kogin Siguvyaye ƙasa da {{Convert|1800|m}} . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre ...}} Ruwan ruwan kogin da kyawawan wurare da ke kewaye da shi abubuwan jan hankali ne na yawon bude ido. {{Sfn|Réserve Naturelle Forestière de Bururi chm-cbd}} Duk da haka, masu yawon bude ido ba su san game da ruwan ruwan ba saboda rashin isa gare su, kuma wani ɓangare saboda rashin tallatawa. {{Sfn|La province Bururi regorge plusieurs sites}}

Bugu da ƙari, Kogin Siguvyaye yana ba da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyemanga . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}} {{Sfn|Five Hydros Go to Rehab in Burundi}} Ana kula da madatsar ruwan ta hanyar ruwa daga dajin Bururi. {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre ...}} Mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren kogin ya samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bururi a arewa da Lardin Rumonge a kudu. A bakinsa, Kogin Siguvyaye wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Murembwe . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Siguvyaye wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 166 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Disamba, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,137|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|199|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Maris na 2022, an ruwaito cewa Tembo Power (Mauritius), wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa, yana neman masu zuba jari a tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu da ke gudana a kogin . Mafi girma daga cikinsu za su kasance a ƙauyen Sigu kuma za su yi amfani da Kogin Siguvyaye, suna samar da MW 12.4. Ƙaramin zai kasance a [[Kogin Dama (Burundi)|Kogin Dama]] da ke Lardin Rumonge kuma zai samar da MW 9.6. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2022}}</text>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Siguvyaye''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Siguvyaye yana tashi kusa da [[Nyagatovu]] a kudancin Lardin Bururi, kuma yana kwarara zuwa gabas zuwa yamma ta wannan lardin tsawonsa. Bayan ya ratsa kudu da birnin Bururi, yana ratsa kudu da yankin gandun daji na Bururi . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}}

Dajin Bururi yana da danshi sosai, tare da yalwar ''Newtonia buchananii'' da ''Carapa grandiflora'' a ƙananan sassan kwarin Kogin Siguvyaye ƙasa da {{Convert|1800|m}} . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre ...}} Ruwan ruwan kogin da kyawawan wurare da ke kewaye da shi abubuwan jan hankali ne na yawon bude ido. {{Sfn|Réserve Naturelle Forestière de Bururi chm-cbd}} Duk da haka, masu yawon bude ido ba su san game da ruwan ruwan ba saboda rashin isa gare su, kuma wani ɓangare saboda rashin tallatawa. {{Sfn|La province Bururi regorge plusieurs sites}}

Bugu da ƙari, Kogin Siguvyaye yana ba da wutar lantarki ga Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nyemanga . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}} {{Sfn|Five Hydros Go to Rehab in Burundi}} Ana kula da madatsar ruwan ta hanyar ruwa daga dajin Bururi. {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre ...}} Mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren kogin ya samar da iyaka tsakanin Lardin Bururi a arewa da Lardin Rumonge a kudu. A bakinsa, Kogin Siguvyaye wani magudanar ruwa ne na Kogin Murembwe . {{Sfn|Relation: Suguvyaye (17502784)}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Siguvyaye wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 166 a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|20|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Disamba, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,137|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|199|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Maris na 2022, an ruwaito cewa Tembo Power (Mauritius), wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa, yana neman masu zuba jari a tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu da ke gudana a kogin . Mafi girma daga cikinsu za su kasance a ƙauyen Sigu kuma za su yi amfani da Kogin Siguvyaye, suna samar da MW 12.4. Ƙaramin zai kasance a [[Kogin Dama (Burundi)|Kogin Dama]] da ke Lardin Rumonge kuma zai samar da MW 9.6. {{Sfn|Takouleu|2022}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Rwaba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154057</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844950</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:39:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255493102|Rwaba River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1640" sha1="c62bvmu1vzmc29ih5p1b2n7bnmf3uup" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Rwaba''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Makamba, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rwaba yana tsirowa a arewa maso yammacin Lardin Makamba zuwa arewacin [[Murinda]] kuma yana kwarara kudu, sannan kudu maso yamma don shiga Tafkin Tanganyika a arewacin Nyanza Lac . {{Sfn|Relation: Rwaba (17503409)}} Kogin Rwaba yana malala filayen laka na Nyanza-Lac, wanda ke da nisan {{Convert|16|km}} faɗi kuma ƙasa mai tsayi tana goyon bayansa. {{Sfn|de Cliff|Harerimana|2013}} Dazuzzuka masu buɗewa a kan gangaren tsaunuka da ke kewaye da filin suna samar da tsarin magudanar ruwa ta halitta, kuma suna hana lalata kogin da lalacewa daga zaftarewar ƙasa. {{Sfn|Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action}} Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna ciyar da kogin ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a kan gangaren ko a ƙasan gangaren. {{Sfn|Newell|Vyungimana|1997}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Rwaba wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 214 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|25|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Nuwamba, tare da {{Convert|19|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,137|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|199|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:39:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
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'''Kogin Rwaba''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Lardin Makamba, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rwaba yana tsirowa a arewa maso yammacin Lardin Makamba zuwa arewacin [[Murinda]] kuma yana kwarara kudu, sannan kudu maso yamma don shiga Tafkin Tanganyika a arewacin Nyanza Lac . {{Sfn|Relation: Rwaba (17503409)}} Kogin Rwaba yana malala filayen laka na Nyanza-Lac, wanda ke da nisan {{Convert|16|km}} faɗi kuma ƙasa mai tsayi tana goyon bayansa. {{Sfn|de Cliff|Harerimana|2013}} Dazuzzuka masu buɗewa a kan gangaren tsaunuka da ke kewaye da filin suna samar da tsarin magudanar ruwa ta halitta, kuma suna hana lalata kogin da lalacewa daga zaftarewar ƙasa. {{Sfn|Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action}} Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna ciyar da kogin ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a kan gangaren ko a ƙasan gangaren. {{Sfn|Newell|Vyungimana|1997}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Kogin Rwaba wuri ne mai cike da ƙasar noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 214 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Yanayin Savannah ya fi yawa a yankin. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|21|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|25|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Nuwamba, tare da {{Convert|19|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,137|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan , matsakaicinsa shine {{Convert|199|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Rumpungwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154058</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844952</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:41:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255270657|Rumpungwe River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1757" sha1="ch5ny6pqbm82ad907s6o4syrto0k012" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Rumpungwe {{Efn|The name is sometimes spelled Rumpungu or Lumpungu}}''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke ayyana wani ɓangare na kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rumpungwe yana tashi a Lardin Cankuzo kuma yana kwarara kudu maso gabas zuwa kan iyakar Burundi da Tanzania. A can yana juyawa zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da kan iyakar Cankuzo da Tanzania. Yana shiga Lardin Ruyigi kuma yana kwarara ta kusurwar kudu maso gabashin wannan lardin, sannan ya koma ya bi kan iyakar kudancin Ruyigi da Tanzania. {{Sfn|Way: Rumpungwe (124128971)}}

Tazara mai ɗan gajeren lokaci a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Rutana da Tanzania, Rumpungwe ya haɗu da [[Kogin Malagarasi]], wanda ke shiga Tanzaniya kuma yana kwarara kudu maso gabas. Kogin Malagarasi yana tashi ƙasa da {{Convert|20|km}} daga [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] kuma yana gudana arewa maso gabas tare da iyakar Burundi da Tanzania zuwa mahadarsa da Rumpungwe. {{Sfn|Way: Rumpungwe (124128971)}}

Kogin Rumpungwe yana tattara ruwan arewacin yankin Moso, yayin da Kogin Malagarazi ke tattara ruwan yankin kudu. {{Sfn|Ramsar Site no. 2150 Fiche descriptive}} Kogin yana ba da ruwa ga wani ɓangare na Kwamintin Kinyinya a kudancin Lardin Ruyigi. {{Sfn|Etude d’Impact Environnemental}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Nuwamba na 2016, Christian Joly ya wakilci Tarayyar Turai a bikin ƙaddamar da gadar Bailey da ke ɗauke da babbar hanyar RN11 a kan Kogin Rumpungwe a cikin Commune na Kinyinya, Lardin Ruyigi. {{Sfn|Inauguration officielle du pont Bailey}}

A watan Mayun 2022, dorinar ruwa da ke gefen Kogin Rumpungwe a cikin Kwamintin Cendajuru, Lardin Cankuzo, suna lalata amfanin gona na shinkafa, rogo da wake kuma suna tsoratar da al'ummar yankin. {{Sfn|Mugisha|2022}}</text>
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'''Kogin Rumpungwe {{Efn|The name is sometimes spelled Rumpungu or Lumpungu}}''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke ayyana wani ɓangare na kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rumpungwe yana tashi a Lardin Cankuzo kuma yana kwarara kudu maso gabas zuwa kan iyakar Burundi da Tanzania. A can yana juyawa zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da kan iyakar Cankuzo da Tanzania. Yana shiga Lardin Ruyigi kuma yana kwarara ta kusurwar kudu maso gabashin wannan lardin, sannan ya koma ya bi kan iyakar kudancin Ruyigi da Tanzania. {{Sfn|Way: Rumpungwe (124128971)}}

Tazara mai ɗan gajeren lokaci a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Rutana da Tanzania, Rumpungwe ya haɗu da [[Kogin Malagarasi]], wanda ke shiga Tanzaniya kuma yana kwarara kudu maso gabas. Kogin Malagarasi yana tashi ƙasa da {{Convert|20|km}} daga [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] kuma yana gudana arewa maso gabas tare da iyakar Burundi da Tanzania zuwa mahadarsa da Rumpungwe. {{Sfn|Way: Rumpungwe (124128971)}}

Kogin Rumpungwe yana tattara ruwan arewacin yankin Moso, yayin da Kogin Malagarazi ke tattara ruwan yankin kudu. {{Sfn|Ramsar Site no. 2150 Fiche descriptive}} Kogin yana ba da ruwa ga wani ɓangare na Kwamintin Kinyinya a kudancin Lardin Ruyigi. {{Sfn|Etude d’Impact Environnemental}}

== Abubuwan da suka faru ==
A watan Nuwamba na 2016, Christian Joly ya wakilci Tarayyar Turai a bikin ƙaddamar da gadar Bailey da ke ɗauke da babbar hanyar RN11 a kan Kogin Rumpungwe a cikin Commune na Kinyinya, Lardin Ruyigi. {{Sfn|Inauguration officielle du pont Bailey}}

A watan Mayun 2022, dorinar ruwa da ke gefen Kogin Rumpungwe a cikin Kwamintin Cendajuru, Lardin Cankuzo, suna lalata amfanin gona na shinkafa, rogo da wake kuma suna tsoratar da al'ummar yankin. {{Sfn|Mugisha|2022}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Rukoziri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154059</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844954</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:44:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255538703|Rukoziri River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1842" sha1="g5l9h8vf83ji56q96af8yy2vz50c8au" xml:space="preserve">The '''Rukoziri''' ( French   ) kogi ne a kudancin Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Malagarasi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rukoziri shine babban kogin Malagarazi na farko da ke da arzikin kogin daga tushe, Nyakabanda shine na biyu. {{Sfn|Bigirimana|Kisekelwa|da Costa|Muzumani|2024}} Rukoziri yana da tushensa a tsaunukan da suka raba yankin Kumoso daga tsaunukan Tsakiya na Burundi . {{Sfn|Nduwumwami|2011}}

Rukoziri, kamar sauran magudanar ruwa ta Malagarazi kamar Mutsindozi, Musasa da Rumpungwe, suna kwarara daga gangaren Mirwa inda aka yanke gadonsu zuwa kwari masu zurfi. A lokacin busasshiyar rana ruwan yana da ɗan ƙarami, amma a lokacin damina ruwan yana da ƙarfi, tare da ambaliyar ruwa mai ƙarfi akai-akai. {{Sfn|Resume de l’etude d‘impact environnemental}}

Kogin Rukoziri ya tashi zuwa kudu maso yammacin Makamba kuma yana gudana a kudu maso gabas gaba ɗaya ta yankin halitta na Buragane zuwa Malagarazi a kan iyakar Burundi da Tanzania. Yankunan Buragane da Moso-Sud sun rufe manyan kwaruruka na Kogin Rukoziri da Kogin Mutsindozi . {{Sfn|Nyberg Oskarsson|2004}}

== Cin zarafi ==
Wani rahoto da aka shirya a shekarar 2000 ga hukumar FAO ya ba da shawarar sake tsugunar da mutanen da suka rasa matsuguni a cikin dausayin Rukoziri mai {{Convert|750|ha}} a lardin Makamba. An haɓaka waɗannan dausayin kuma an yi musu ban ruwa, kuma ana iya noma su a cikin yanayi uku na noma. Ya kamata {{Convert|0.5|ha}} ya isa ga kowane iyali. Matsin lamba a wannan yanki ya yi ƙasa sosai, don haka ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement}} Wani rahoto na 2009 ga hukumar FAO ya ba da shawarar faɗaɗa yankin dausayin Rukoziri da aka yi ban ruwa da shi daga {{Convert|800|to|2000|ha}} akan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 2.4. {{Sfn|Programme national de securite alimentaire}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844955</id>
      <parentid>844954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:44:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844955</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1854" sha1="4mdymuk44311s90xyot0miy9mttvp6i" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
The '''Rukoziri''' ( French   ) kogi ne a kudancin Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ne na [[Kogin Malagarasi]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rukoziri shine babban kogin Malagarazi na farko da ke da arzikin kogin daga tushe, Nyakabanda shine na biyu. {{Sfn|Bigirimana|Kisekelwa|da Costa|Muzumani|2024}} Rukoziri yana da tushensa a tsaunukan da suka raba yankin Kumoso daga tsaunukan Tsakiya na Burundi . {{Sfn|Nduwumwami|2011}}

Rukoziri, kamar sauran magudanar ruwa ta Malagarazi kamar Mutsindozi, Musasa da Rumpungwe, suna kwarara daga gangaren Mirwa inda aka yanke gadonsu zuwa kwari masu zurfi. A lokacin busasshiyar rana ruwan yana da ɗan ƙarami, amma a lokacin damina ruwan yana da ƙarfi, tare da ambaliyar ruwa mai ƙarfi akai-akai. {{Sfn|Resume de l’etude d‘impact environnemental}}

Kogin Rukoziri ya tashi zuwa kudu maso yammacin Makamba kuma yana gudana a kudu maso gabas gaba ɗaya ta yankin halitta na Buragane zuwa Malagarazi a kan iyakar Burundi da Tanzania. Yankunan Buragane da Moso-Sud sun rufe manyan kwaruruka na Kogin Rukoziri da Kogin Mutsindozi . {{Sfn|Nyberg Oskarsson|2004}}

== Cin zarafi ==
Wani rahoto da aka shirya a shekarar 2000 ga hukumar FAO ya ba da shawarar sake tsugunar da mutanen da suka rasa matsuguni a cikin dausayin Rukoziri mai {{Convert|750|ha}} a lardin Makamba. An haɓaka waɗannan dausayin kuma an yi musu ban ruwa, kuma ana iya noma su a cikin yanayi uku na noma. Ya kamata {{Convert|0.5|ha}} ya isa ga kowane iyali. Matsin lamba a wannan yanki ya yi ƙasa sosai, don haka ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement}} Wani rahoto na 2009 ga hukumar FAO ya ba da shawarar faɗaɗa yankin dausayin Rukoziri da aka yi ban ruwa da shi daga {{Convert|800|to|2000|ha}} akan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 2.4. {{Sfn|Programme national de securite alimentaire}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>4mdymuk44311s90xyot0miy9mttvp6i</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Rugusye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154060</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844956</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:46:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255405265|Rugusye River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2532" sha1="ndddws8zmm4ij496hbc68ghkq2hrw45" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Rugusye''' {{Efn|The name is also spelled Lugusi, Ruguziye, Lugusye, Luvusi}} ( French   ) kogi ne da ke ayyana wani ɓangare na kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rugusye ya taru a gabashin [[Kabuyenge]], a gabashin lardin Ruyigi, Burundi. Yana gudana a gefen yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania har zuwa inda yake haɗuwa da Kogin Rumpungwe, wanda ke ci gaba da kan iyaka. {{Sfn|Way: Rugusye (773900265)}} {{Efn|The border between Tanganyika Territory and the Belgian mandated territory of Ruanda-Urundi in this area was defined in 1926 as &quot;The thalweg of the Kumbizi River (Katungura) downstream to its confluence with the Lugusi River; the thalweg of the Lugusi River upstream to the confluence of the Kabuyenge River; the thalweg of the Kabuyenge River upstream to marker No. XXIV, located at the source of its western arm (also called Mushagasha).{{sfn|Treaty Series|p=244}}}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Rugusye galibi dazuzzukan savannah ne. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin ba shi da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 32 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda aka gani a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|22|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|25|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Disamba, tare da {{Convert|20|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,376|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|293|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Tafkin Ruwa ==
Yankin ruwan ya mamaye {{Convert|1522|ha}}, wanda daga cikinsu {{Convert|241|ha}}, ko kuma kashi 15.85%, an noma shi har zuwa shekarar 2000. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur}} Wasu sassan fadamun Rugusye, Rumpungwe da Malagarazi su ne kawai fadamun ma'adinai {{Efn|Mineral marshes: marshes where the percentage of organic matter is less than 20%.{{sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur|p=14}}}} a Burundi da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye su har abada. An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba guda biyu a shekarar 2000 karkashin jagorancin SOSUMO (Kamfanin Sukari na Burundi) da Ruyigi DPAE (Daraktan Noma da Dabbobi na Lardin). Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ban ruwa da magudanar ruwa da aka raba ta hanyar dike ko layuka. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur}}

== Manazarta ==
 </text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844957</id>
      <parentid>844956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:46:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2547" sha1="gqpe69op9fp37ti77pqohvfyxi7wmim" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
''''''Kogin Rugusye''' {{Efn|The name is also spelled Lugusi, Ruguziye, Lugusye, Luvusi}} ( French   ) kogi ne da ke ayyana wani ɓangare na kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania.

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Rugusye ya taru a gabashin [[Kabuyenge]], a gabashin lardin Ruyigi, Burundi. Yana gudana a gefen yamma zuwa kudu maso yamma tare da kan iyaka tsakanin Burundi da Tanzania har zuwa inda yake haɗuwa da Kogin Rumpungwe, wanda ke ci gaba da kan iyaka. {{Sfn|Way: Rugusye (773900265)}} {{Efn|The border between Tanganyika Territory and the Belgian mandated territory of Ruanda-Urundi in this area was defined in 1926 as &quot;The thalweg of the Kumbizi River (Katungura) downstream to its confluence with the Lugusi River; the thalweg of the Lugusi River upstream to the confluence of the Kabuyenge River; the thalweg of the Kabuyenge River upstream to marker No. XXIV, located at the source of its western arm (also called Mushagasha).{{sfn|Treaty Series|p=244}}}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Rugusye galibi dazuzzukan savannah ne. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin ba shi da yawan jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 32 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda aka gani a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|22|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|25|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Disamba, tare da {{Convert|20|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,376|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a duniya shine Maris, tare da matsakaicin {{Convert|293|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Tafkin Ruwa ==
Yankin ruwan ya mamaye {{Convert|1522|ha}}, wanda daga cikinsu {{Convert|241|ha}}, ko kuma kashi 15.85%, an noma shi har zuwa shekarar 2000. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur}} Wasu sassan fadamun Rugusye, Rumpungwe da Malagarazi su ne kawai fadamun ma'adinai {{Efn|Mineral marshes: marshes where the percentage of organic matter is less than 20%.{{sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur|p=14}}}} a Burundi da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye su har abada. An gudanar da ayyukan ci gaba guda biyu a shekarar 2000 karkashin jagorancin SOSUMO (Kamfanin Sukari na Burundi) da Ruyigi DPAE (Daraktan Noma da Dabbobi na Lardin). Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ban ruwa da magudanar ruwa da aka raba ta hanyar dike ko layuka. {{Sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement et de mise en valeur}}

== Manazarta ==
 </text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Rietvlei</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154061</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844958</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:47:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1119357868|Rietvlei River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1250" sha1="qbygtmzpt4nxytsmq6t64o9ac700pue" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Rietvlei''' ƙaramin [[kogi]] ne a tsakiyar lardin Gauteng, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana ciyar da dausayin Rietvlei Nature Reserve,  kafin ya kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Madatsar Ruwa]], wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa ga [[Pretoria]]. Kogin da ke ƙasan madatsar ruwa ana kiransa [[Sesmylspruit]], wanda ke ƙarƙashin kogin Hennops kuma wani ɓangare na kwarin [[Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)]]. &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot; widths=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fayil:South_Africa-Tshwane-Rietvlei-Long-tailed_Widowbird-01.jpg|alt=The Rietvlei river wetlands| Dausayin kogin Rietvlei
Fayil:Sesmylspruit.JPG|alt=Water released from the dam into Sesmylspruit| Ruwa da aka saki daga madatsar ruwa zuwa Sesmylspruit
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090612014933/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf Yanayin Muhalli na Manyan Koguna da Magudanan Ruwa a Yankin Isarwa na Arewa na Karamar Hukumar Birnin Ekurhuleni]
* [http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/6243/WaterSA_1979_%205_0126_abstract.pdf Sinadaran da ke cikin Kogin Hennops na Upper Hennops da kuma tasirinsa ga Ingancin Ruwa na Madatsar Ruwa ta Rietvlei]</text>
      <sha1>qbygtmzpt4nxytsmq6t64o9ac700pue</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844963</id>
      <parentid>844958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:51:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1445" sha1="9ohszbyauewmecprsnjwc3xyawcku3v" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Rietvlei''' ƙaramin [[kogi]] ne a tsakiyar lardin Gauteng, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana ciyar da dausayin Rietvlei Nature Reserve,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/ga_rietvlei.htm Rietvlei Nature Reserve, Gauteng]&lt;/ref&gt;  kafin ya kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Madatsar Ruwa]], wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa ga [[Pretoria]]. Kogin da ke ƙasan madatsar ruwa ana kiransa [[Sesmylspruit]], wanda ke ƙarƙashin kogin Hennops kuma wani ɓangare na kwarin [[Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot; widths=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fayil:South_Africa-Tshwane-Rietvlei-Long-tailed_Widowbird-01.jpg|alt=The Rietvlei river wetlands| Dausayin kogin Rietvlei
Fayil:Sesmylspruit.JPG|alt=Water released from the dam into Sesmylspruit| Ruwa da aka saki daga madatsar ruwa zuwa Sesmylspruit
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090612014933/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf Yanayin Muhalli na Manyan Koguna da Magudanan Ruwa a Yankin Isarwa na Arewa na Karamar Hukumar Birnin Ekurhuleni]
* [http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/6243/WaterSA_1979_%205_0126_abstract.pdf Sinadaran da ke cikin Kogin Hennops na Upper Hennops da kuma tasirinsa ga Ingancin Ruwa na Madatsar Ruwa ta Rietvlei]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844964</id>
      <parentid>844963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Muhammad Idriss Criteria</username>
        <id>15878</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1458" sha1="rw0uplnx5ynvj7lpfjxjh44nfci8wt3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Kogin Rietvlei''' ƙaramin [[kogi]] ne a tsakiyar lardin Gauteng, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Yana ciyar da dausayin Rietvlei Nature Reserve,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/ga_rietvlei.htm Rietvlei Nature Reserve, Gauteng]&lt;/ref&gt;  kafin ya kwarara zuwa [[Dam ɗin Rietvlei|Rietvlei Madatsar Ruwa]], wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa ga [[Pretoria]]. Kogin da ke ƙasan madatsar ruwa ana kiransa [[Sesmylspruit]], wanda ke ƙarƙashin kogin Hennops kuma wani ɓangare na kwarin [[Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;180&quot; widths=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
Fayil:South_Africa-Tshwane-Rietvlei-Long-tailed_Widowbird-01.jpg|alt=The Rietvlei river wetlands| Dausayin kogin Rietvlei
Fayil:Sesmylspruit.JPG|alt=Water released from the dam into Sesmylspruit| Ruwa da aka saki daga madatsar ruwa zuwa Sesmylspruit
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090612014933/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf Yanayin Muhalli na Manyan Koguna da Magudanan Ruwa a Yankin Isarwa na Arewa na Karamar Hukumar Birnin Ekurhuleni]
* [http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/6243/WaterSA_1979_%205_0126_abstract.pdf Sinadaran da ke cikin Kogin Hennops na Upper Hennops da kuma tasirinsa ga Ingancin Ruwa na Madatsar Ruwa ta Rietvlei]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyengwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844959</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:47:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1255331521|Nyengwe River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1875" sha1="09eo08urayx0o0kystrr66lue6djrvt" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nyengwe''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Arewacin Kogin Nyengwe ya ayyana iyakar kudancin wurin ajiyar dajin Vyanda . {{Sfn|Decret n°100/007 du 25 Janvier 2000}} Sashen sama na kogin yana ratsawa ta yankin Mumirwa na halitta . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre de la Stratégie}} Kogin yana tashi zuwa gabashin Gahago a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Bururi da Lardin Makamba kuma yana ratsa kudu maso gabas ta wannan iyakar, sannan kuma ya ratsa kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Rumonge da Lardin Makamba. Yana ratsawa ƙarƙashin babbar hanyar bakin teku ta RN3 a Rimbo, kuma yana ratsawa ta wata gonar dabino mai zuwa bakinsa a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Way: Nyengwe (151557167)}}

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
An kafa tashar ruwa a kan Nyengwe da ke Rimbo a watan Oktoban 1979. Ta sauya wurinta sau da yawa bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta. Tun daga shekarar 2022, tana ƙasa da ginin tsohuwar gadar, a gefen dama, kimanin {{Convert|20|m}} a saman gadar da ke kan titin Rumonge - Nyanza-Lac . {{Sfn|Annuaire Hydrologique 2021-2022}} A watan Mayu na 2019, kogin Nyengwe ya cika a cikin ''kogon'' Rimbo kuma ya lalata gidaje 28. {{Sfn|28 maisons détruites suite au débordement}}

== Man dabino ==
Akwai na'urorin sarrafa man ja da yawa a gefen kogin Nyengwe. Yawancin na'urorin ba su da ikon sarrafa sharar da ta dace, kuma suna zubar da sharar da ba a yi wa magani ba a cikin kogin da daddare ko ta bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan yana gurɓata tafkin Tanganyika kuma yana rage kama kifaye. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2019}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
''Tsarin Ci Gaban Ƙasa na 2018–2027'' ga Burundi ya haɗa da haɓaka Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Hydroelectric ta Nyengwe mai ƙarfin 8MW a cikin matakai uku: Nyen006, Nyen010 da Nyen028. {{Sfn|Plan national de developpement}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:47:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Nyengwe''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Rumonge, Burundi, wanda ke kwarara zuwa [[tafkin Tanganyika]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Arewacin Kogin Nyengwe ya ayyana iyakar kudancin wurin ajiyar dajin Vyanda . {{Sfn|Decret n°100/007 du 25 Janvier 2000}} Sashen sama na kogin yana ratsawa ta yankin Mumirwa na halitta . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre de la Stratégie}} Kogin yana tashi zuwa gabashin Gahago a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Bururi da Lardin Makamba kuma yana ratsa kudu maso gabas ta wannan iyakar, sannan kuma ya ratsa kan iyakar da ke tsakanin Lardin Rumonge da Lardin Makamba. Yana ratsawa ƙarƙashin babbar hanyar bakin teku ta RN3 a Rimbo, kuma yana ratsawa ta wata gonar dabino mai zuwa bakinsa a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . {{Sfn|Way: Nyengwe (151557167)}}

== Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
An kafa tashar ruwa a kan Nyengwe da ke Rimbo a watan Oktoban 1979. Ta sauya wurinta sau da yawa bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta. Tun daga shekarar 2022, tana ƙasa da ginin tsohuwar gadar, a gefen dama, kimanin {{Convert|20|m}} a saman gadar da ke kan titin Rumonge - Nyanza-Lac . {{Sfn|Annuaire Hydrologique 2021-2022}} A watan Mayu na 2019, kogin Nyengwe ya cika a cikin ''kogon'' Rimbo kuma ya lalata gidaje 28. {{Sfn|28 maisons détruites suite au débordement}}

== Man dabino ==
Akwai na'urorin sarrafa man ja da yawa a gefen kogin Nyengwe. Yawancin na'urorin ba su da ikon sarrafa sharar da ta dace, kuma suna zubar da sharar da ba a yi wa magani ba a cikin kogin da daddare ko ta bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan yana gurɓata tafkin Tanganyika kuma yana rage kama kifaye. {{Sfn|Nzorubonanya|2019}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
''Tsarin Ci Gaban Ƙasa na 2018–2027'' ga Burundi ya haɗa da haɓaka Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Hydroelectric ta Nyengwe mai ƙarfin 8MW a cikin matakai uku: Nyen006, Nyen010 da Nyen028. {{Sfn|Plan national de developpement}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyamuswaga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844961</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:49:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298465935|Nyamuswaga River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2360" sha1="csgx9i6r1ey4a0o9ydy13qknmr52uri" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nyamuswaga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Kinyankuru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Nyamuswaga yana tashi a yammacin Lardin Muyinga kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Ngozi, sannan a kudu maso yamma ta Lardin Ngozi . {{Sfn|Map of Burundi UN}} Yana da rafukan Kogin Kinyankuru. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}} Yana haɗuwa da Kogin Nyakijima wanda ke gudana daga yamma don samar da Kogin Kinyankuru. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyamuswaga wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|17|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}}

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Tun zamanin mulkin mallaka, an ƙirƙiri dausayin kogin don yaƙi da yunwa, kuma ba a yi la'akari da tasirin da ke kan tsirrai da ke akwai ba. Sakamakon haka, an rage ko kawar da yawancin ciyayi na asali sosai. {{Sfn|Dushimirimana|Masharabu|Bizuru|Bigendako|2010}} Tsakanin 1959 da 1993, yankin da aka noma a dausayin Nyamuswaga ya tashi a hankali daga {{Convert|2000|to|8250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Bidou|1991}}

Nyamuswaga da Nyarunteke su ne mafi mahimmancin koguna a cikin Kwamin Tangara, Ngozi, inda aka share ciyayi na halitta gaba ɗaya. {{Sfn|Etude d’Impact Environnemental}} Dausayin shinkafa a Kwamin Gashikanyawa, Lardin Ngozi, a kan kogunan Nyakijima da Nyamuswaga sun mamaye kusan {{Convert|500|ha}} a watan Maris na 2024. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya mamaye ƙaramin yanki na waɗannan dausayin shinkafa. {{Sfn|Manirakiza|Ndabashinze|2024}} A watan Agusta na 2024, wata ƙungiyar sanatoci ta ziyarci dausayin Nyamuswaga a Kwamin Gashoho, Lardin Muyinga. Ana haɓaka dausayin don noman [[Sorghum|dawa]] don amfani da su wajen samar da sukari da mai. {{Sfn|Visite des marais de Nyamuswaga et Nyavyamo}}

== Duba kuma ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>844962</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:49:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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      <text bytes="2372" sha1="ifp8wqrzv4x22ik6w1yh3jylnokpbz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Nyamuswaga''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Kinyankuru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Nyamuswaga yana tashi a yammacin Lardin Muyinga kuma yana kwarara zuwa kudu zuwa kan iyaka da Lardin Ngozi, sannan a kudu maso yamma ta Lardin Ngozi . {{Sfn|Map of Burundi UN}} Yana da rafukan Kogin Kinyankuru. {{Sfn|Schéma Provincial d'Aménagement du Territoire de Ngozi}} Yana haɗuwa da Kogin Nyakijima wanda ke gudana daga yamma don samar da Kogin Kinyankuru. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyamuswaga wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|17|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}}

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Tun zamanin mulkin mallaka, an ƙirƙiri dausayin kogin don yaƙi da yunwa, kuma ba a yi la'akari da tasirin da ke kan tsirrai da ke akwai ba. Sakamakon haka, an rage ko kawar da yawancin ciyayi na asali sosai. {{Sfn|Dushimirimana|Masharabu|Bizuru|Bigendako|2010}} Tsakanin 1959 da 1993, yankin da aka noma a dausayin Nyamuswaga ya tashi a hankali daga {{Convert|2000|to|8250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Bidou|1991}}

Nyamuswaga da Nyarunteke su ne mafi mahimmancin koguna a cikin Kwamin Tangara, Ngozi, inda aka share ciyayi na halitta gaba ɗaya. {{Sfn|Etude d’Impact Environnemental}} Dausayin shinkafa a Kwamin Gashikanyawa, Lardin Ngozi, a kan kogunan Nyakijima da Nyamuswaga sun mamaye kusan {{Convert|500|ha}} a watan Maris na 2024. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya mamaye ƙaramin yanki na waɗannan dausayin shinkafa. {{Sfn|Manirakiza|Ndabashinze|2024}} A watan Agusta na 2024, wata ƙungiyar sanatoci ta ziyarci dausayin Nyamuswaga a Kwamin Gashoho, Lardin Muyinga. Ana haɓaka dausayin don noman [[Sorghum|dawa]] don amfani da su wajen samar da sukari da mai. {{Sfn|Visite des marais de Nyamuswaga et Nyavyamo}}

== manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyamagana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154064</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844965</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351801177|Nyamagana River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3485" sha1="law74psuczrvw0eh3w8hef2wnnqzccj" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nyamagana''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Cibitoke na kasar Burundi. Garin [[Kogin Ruzizi|kogin Ruzizi ne]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyamagana yana fitowa ne a arewacin Lardin Cibitoke kusa da kan iyaka da Rwanda. Yana kwarara zuwa kudu maso yamma ta wuce [[Mabayi]], [[Nyakiband]] da [[Mugina, Burundi|Mugina]], sannan kudu ta wuce gefen gabas na birnin Cibitoke zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Relation: Nyamagana (17503876)}} A samansa yana kwarara ta yankin Mumirwa na halitta . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre...}} Ruwan magudanar ruwa daga kogin yana ciyar da Tafkin Dogodogo. {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

Nyamagana yana da {{Convert|40|km}} tsayi, tare da kwano mai fadin {{Convert|300|km2}} . Yana hawa kan gangaren tsaunin Congo-Nile a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2000|m}} . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Zafin ruwan bai bambanta sosai a shekara ba. A shekarar 1983, pH ya kasance mai daidaito, daga 7.5 a watan Fabrairu zuwa 8.0 a watan Agusta. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Ruwan Nyamagana yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar zaizayar ƙasa a [[Ruzizi Plain|yankin Ruzizi]], wanda ke da tan 108 a kowace hekta a kowace shekara. {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

== Ban ruwa ==
Kogin Nyamagana da Kogin Nyakagunda su ne manyan hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu da ake samun ruwan ban ruwa a yankin Ruzizi, kodayake a shekarar 2020 an yi wasu ayyuka don ƙara yawan wuraren da ake ban ruwa ta amfani da ruwan [[Kogin Muhira]] da [[Kogin Kaburantwa]] . {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

An fara samar da ban ruwa a yankin Imbo-Nord a shekarar 2014 tare da tallafin kuɗi daga hukumar ci gaban ƙasar Belgium Enabel . Ana ɗaukar ruwa ga yankin Rugombo da kuma yankin Mugina daga wani wurin shan ruwa a Kogin Nyamagana kuma ana rarraba shi ta babban magudanar ruwa da kuma magudanar ruwa ta sakandare da ta uku. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2021}} A watan Agusta na 2022, wani aiki da aka gudanar a yankin Kivumvu da Kagimbu ya ƙunshi gina wurin shan ruwa da kuma hanyar canja wurin ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa daga [[Kogin Muhira]] zuwa hanyar samar da ban ruwa ta Nyamagana. Wannan zai ƙara yawan ban ruwa a yankin Rugombo da fiye da {{Convert|250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Nyamagana, Muhira, [[Kogin Kaburantwa|Kaburantwa]] da [[Kogin Kagunuzi|Kagunuzi]] a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}

Ana tsaftace magudanan ruwa a cikin hanyar samar da ruwa akai-akai kuma ana daidaita su da kuma kula da su. Duk da haka, suna fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan masu haƙar zinare waɗanda ke haƙa ramuka kusa da babban magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2021}} Ana haƙar zinare a cikin fadama a kogin da ke Rugeregere a cikin Commune na Rugombo ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa kamar Duterimbere Rugombo Mining Cooperative. Yanayi yana da ban mamaki, tare da isasshen famfunan ruwa don zubar da ramukan. Masu haƙar ma'adinai ba su da kayan aiki kaɗan kuma babu kayan kariya. Aikin yana da wahala kuma kuɗin shiga yana da ƙasa, tunda masu haƙar ma'adinai dole ne su sayar da zinarensu ga masu tsaka-tsaki. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2023}}</text>
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'''Kogin Nyamagana''' ( French   ) kogi ne a lardin Cibitoke na kasar Burundi. Garin [[Kogin Ruzizi|kogin Ruzizi ne]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyamagana yana fitowa ne a arewacin Lardin Cibitoke kusa da kan iyaka da Rwanda. Yana kwarara zuwa kudu maso yamma ta wuce [[Mabayi]], [[Nyakiband]] da [[Mugina, Burundi|Mugina]], sannan kudu ta wuce gefen gabas na birnin Cibitoke zuwa bakinsa a Kogin Ruzizi. {{Sfn|Relation: Nyamagana (17503876)}} A samansa yana kwarara ta yankin Mumirwa na halitta . {{Sfn|Plan régional de mise en œuvre...}} Ruwan magudanar ruwa daga kogin yana ciyar da Tafkin Dogodogo. {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

Nyamagana yana da {{Convert|40|km}} tsayi, tare da kwano mai fadin {{Convert|300|km2}} . Yana hawa kan gangaren tsaunin Congo-Nile a tsayin kusan {{Convert|2000|m}} . {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Zafin ruwan bai bambanta sosai a shekara ba. A shekarar 1983, pH ya kasance mai daidaito, daga 7.5 a watan Fabrairu zuwa 8.0 a watan Agusta. {{Sfn|Mpawenayo|1996}} Ruwan Nyamagana yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙimar zaizayar ƙasa a [[Ruzizi Plain|yankin Ruzizi]], wanda ke da tan 108 a kowace hekta a kowace shekara. {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

== Ban ruwa ==
Kogin Nyamagana da Kogin Nyakagunda su ne manyan hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu da ake samun ruwan ban ruwa a yankin Ruzizi, kodayake a shekarar 2020 an yi wasu ayyuka don ƙara yawan wuraren da ake ban ruwa ta amfani da ruwan [[Kogin Muhira]] da [[Kogin Kaburantwa]] . {{Sfn|SHER Consult Ltd|2020}}

An fara samar da ban ruwa a yankin Imbo-Nord a shekarar 2014 tare da tallafin kuɗi daga hukumar ci gaban ƙasar Belgium Enabel . Ana ɗaukar ruwa ga yankin Rugombo da kuma yankin Mugina daga wani wurin shan ruwa a Kogin Nyamagana kuma ana rarraba shi ta babban magudanar ruwa da kuma magudanar ruwa ta sakandare da ta uku. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2021}} A watan Agusta na 2022, wani aiki da aka gudanar a yankin Kivumvu da Kagimbu ya ƙunshi gina wurin shan ruwa da kuma hanyar canja wurin ruwa don ɗaukar ruwa daga [[Kogin Muhira]] zuwa hanyar samar da ban ruwa ta Nyamagana. Wannan zai ƙara yawan ban ruwa a yankin Rugombo da fiye da {{Convert|250|ha}} . {{Sfn|Uwizera|2022}}

== Matsalolin da suka shafi ==
Masu haƙar zinare suna amfani da kogunan Nyamagana, Muhira, [[Kogin Kaburantwa|Kaburantwa]] da [[Kogin Kagunuzi|Kagunuzi]] a lardunan Cibitoke, Bubanza da Kayanza don wanke kayayyakinsu; masu gini suna cire tarkace, tsakuwa da yashi don gini daga kogunan; kuma manoma suna raunana bakinsu ta hanyar rashin barin {{Convert|5|m}} wani yanki na ƙasar da ba a noma ba a gefen kogin. Duk wannan yana taimakawa wajen gurɓata ruwan kogin da kuma rugujewar bankunan, yana lalata gadoji, hanyoyi, gine-gine da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa kusa da kogunan. {{Sfn|Buzuguri|2017}}

Ana tsaftace magudanan ruwa a cikin hanyar samar da ruwa akai-akai kuma ana daidaita su da kuma kula da su. Duk da haka, suna fuskantar barazana daga ayyukan masu haƙar zinare waɗanda ke haƙa ramuka kusa da babban magudanar ruwa. {{Sfn|Uwizera|2021}} Ana haƙar zinare a cikin fadama a kogin da ke Rugeregere a cikin Commune na Rugombo ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa kamar Duterimbere Rugombo Mining Cooperative. Yanayi yana da ban mamaki, tare da isasshen famfunan ruwa don zubar da ramukan. Masu haƙar ma'adinai ba su da kayan aiki kaɗan kuma babu kayan kariya. Aikin yana da wahala kuma kuɗin shiga yana da ƙasa, tunda masu haƙar ma'adinai dole ne su sayar da zinarensu ga masu tsaka-tsaki. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2023}}


==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyakijima</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154065</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844967</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:56:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321616138|Nyakijima River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844967</origin>
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      <text bytes="3454" sha1="awogjnqecpikh5vdltpfwdhkre5o0jr" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nyakijima''' ( French   ), ko kuma '''kogin Nyacijima''', kogi ne a ƙasar Burundi, mashigar kogin Kinyankuru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyakijima ya raba Kwamin Gashikanwa daga arewa daga Kwamin Ngozi zuwa yamma da kudu. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kogin ya samo asali ne daga kudancin garin Ngozi kuma yana kwarara zuwa gabas da kudu maso gabas ta cikin fadama zuwa mahadarsa da fadama na [[Kogin Nyamuswaga]] . [[Kogin Kinyankuru]] yana malalar waɗannan fadama. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kinyankuru kuma mahadar [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]] ce. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyacijima wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} A kewayen Nyacijima Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|17|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Dausayin Nyacijima yana da yanki mai ci gaba wanda ya kai {{Convert|450|ha}} kuma shine mafi girman mai samar da shinkafa a lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Lamentations des riziculteurs}} A watan Nuwamba na 2019, Pascal Nyabenda, Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, ya ziyarci yankin dausayin Nyavyamo da Prodema da Prodefi lin Ruhororo suka haɓaka, da kuma madatsar ruwa ta zamani ta ''dausayin'' . Dausayin ya mamaye {{Convert|538|ha}} wanda aka raba zuwa sassa goma. Ta amfani da nau'ikan zamani, yawan amfanin shinkafa ya kai tan 6-7 a kowace hekta. {{Sfn|Descente conjointe sur terrain}}

A shekarar 2019, wani gona mai fadin {{Convert|8|ha}} a Gatika, Commune na Busiga, ya nuna amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na digo. An fitar da ruwa daga Kogin Nyakijima aka adana shi a cikin tankuna kan farashin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|l}} na mai a kowace rana. Daga tankunan an kai shi gonaki ta amfani da ban ruwa mai digo. Amfanin gona ya haɗa da wake, masara da busassun ganye. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2019}}

A watan Janairun 2023, manoman shinkafa suna haɗuwa da ƙarancin iri da rashin isasshen ruwan ban ruwa a wasu sassan dazuzzukan. Karancin ruwan ya faru ne saboda ruwan sama daga birnin Ngozi wanda ke da kwaruruka da aka sassaka waɗanda suka lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa na tsarin ban ruwa. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ban ruwa na iya canzawa, inda wasu gonaki ke amfani da ruwa a rana wasu kuma da dare. Mafita ta dogon lokaci ita ce a ratsa ruwa daga kwaruruka ta babban kwarin ruwan sama zuwa cikin kogin. {{Sfn|Lamentations des riziculteurs}}

== Ruwan sha ==
A shekarar 2015, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]], an fara aikin samar da ruwa daga Kogin Nyakijima zuwa birnin Ngozi. Ana tura ruwan zuwa hasumiyoyin ruwa daga tashoshin da ke kusa da kogin, ana zuba sinadarin chlorine sannan a tura shi zuwa hasumiya ta biyu. Bayan an kammala wannan aikin, an mayar da shi ga kamfanin Regideso Burundi, wanda ke da alhakin shigar da hanyar sadarwa don isar da ruwan. Har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, har yanzu ba a kammala wannan aikin ba. {{Sfn|Alimentation en eau potable}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844968</id>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Nyakijima''' ( French   ), ko kuma '''kogin Nyacijima''', kogi ne a ƙasar Burundi, mashigar kogin Kinyankuru .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyakijima ya raba Kwamin Gashikanwa daga arewa daga Kwamin Ngozi zuwa yamma da kudu. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kogin ya samo asali ne daga kudancin garin Ngozi kuma yana kwarara zuwa gabas da kudu maso gabas ta cikin fadama zuwa mahadarsa da fadama na [[Kogin Nyamuswaga]] . [[Kogin Kinyankuru]] yana malalar waɗannan fadama. {{Sfn|Ngozi DMA}} Kinyankuru kuma mahadar [[Kogin Rurubu|Kogin Ruvubu]] ce. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyacijima wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} A kewayen Nyacijima Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a, tare da mazauna 442 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|21|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|17|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,149|mm}}watan da ya fi danshi a watan Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|175|mm}}  sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Dausayin Nyacijima yana da yanki mai ci gaba wanda ya kai {{Convert|450|ha}} kuma shine mafi girman mai samar da shinkafa a lardin Ngozi. {{Sfn|Lamentations des riziculteurs}} A watan Nuwamba na 2019, Pascal Nyabenda, Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, ya ziyarci yankin dausayin Nyavyamo da Prodema da Prodefi lin Ruhororo suka haɓaka, da kuma madatsar ruwa ta zamani ta ''dausayin'' . Dausayin ya mamaye {{Convert|538|ha}} wanda aka raba zuwa sassa goma. Ta amfani da nau'ikan zamani, yawan amfanin shinkafa ya kai tan 6-7 a kowace hekta. {{Sfn|Descente conjointe sur terrain}}

A shekarar 2019, wani gona mai fadin {{Convert|8|ha}} a Gatika, Commune na Busiga, ya nuna amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na digo. An fitar da ruwa daga Kogin Nyakijima aka adana shi a cikin tankuna kan farashin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|l}} na mai a kowace rana. Daga tankunan an kai shi gonaki ta amfani da ban ruwa mai digo. Amfanin gona ya haɗa da wake, masara da busassun ganye. {{Sfn|Ndabashinze|2019}}

A watan Janairun 2023, manoman shinkafa suna haɗuwa da ƙarancin iri da rashin isasshen ruwan ban ruwa a wasu sassan dazuzzukan. Karancin ruwan ya faru ne saboda ruwan sama daga birnin Ngozi wanda ke da kwaruruka da aka sassaka waɗanda suka lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa na tsarin ban ruwa. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ban ruwa na iya canzawa, inda wasu gonaki ke amfani da ruwa a rana wasu kuma da dare. Mafita ta dogon lokaci ita ce a ratsa ruwa daga kwaruruka ta babban kwarin ruwan sama zuwa cikin kogin. {{Sfn|Lamentations des riziculteurs}}

== Ruwan sha ==
A shekarar 2015, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka|Bankin Raya Afirka]], an fara aikin samar da ruwa daga Kogin Nyakijima zuwa birnin Ngozi. Ana tura ruwan zuwa hasumiyoyin ruwa daga tashoshin da ke kusa da kogin, ana zuba sinadarin chlorine sannan a tura shi zuwa hasumiya ta biyu. Bayan an kammala wannan aikin, an mayar da shi ga kamfanin Regideso Burundi, wanda ke da alhakin shigar da hanyar sadarwa don isar da ruwan. Har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, har yanzu ba a kammala wannan aikin ba. {{Sfn|Alimentation en eau potable}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyamabuno</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>844969</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T21:59:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296260181|Nyamabuno River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Nyamabuno''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke arewa maso gabashin lardin Kirundo na kasar Burundi, wani mashigar [[tafkin Rweru]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyamabuno da babban kogin Muvuruga yana gudana daga arewa maso gabas, sannan arewa ko arewa maso yamma daidai da [[kogin Cizanye]], wanda ke bayyana wani yanki na iyakar gabashin Burundi da Tanzaniya. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Domin yawancin tafiyarsa kogin Nyamabuno yana yin iyaka tsakanin gundumar Busoni, lardin Kirundo da kuma gundumar Giteranyi, lardin Muyinga . {{Sfn|Way: Nyamabuno (749089751)}}

Gasebuzi, wani rafi ne na yanayi a samansa, yana samuwa a cikin tarin Kamaramagambo na Commune na Butihinda, Lardin Muyinga. Yana kwarara arewa maso gabas, kuma rafin yanayi na Rugomero ya haɗu da shi a kudu da [[Murenge]] don samar da Kogin Muvuruga. Muvuruga yana ci gaba da arewa maso gabas, kuma Mukinshoza yana haɗuwa da shi daga hagu (yamma) kusa da inda ya ratsa ƙarƙashin babbar hanyar RP61. {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

Muvuruga ta ci gaba da tafiya arewa ta cikin dausayin dausayin, Gikangororo ya haɗu daga dama (gabas), Murwobo ya haɗu daga hagu, Gashanga da Nyagafunzo daga dama, kuma Kanyamanza ya faɗaɗa zuwa bakinsa. {{Sfn|Rugari USDMA}} Zuwa bakinsa ƙasar dausayin tana faɗaɗa, sannan ta haɗu da dausayin da ke ƙarshen arewa na [[Tafkin Kanzigiri]] . Dausayin dausayin dausayin dausayin Gitandara ya haɗu da su daga dama kafin su shiga [[Tafkin Rweru]] . {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

== Fadaka ==
Kafin a yanke shi biyu ta hanyar hanya, fadin Nyamabuno ya fi {{Convert|400|m}} kuma sama da {{Convert|15|km}} tsayi. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A shekara ta 2005 wata hanya mai tsawon {{Convert|400|m}}Ana gina shi daga [[Karambo]] a Lardin Kirundo zuwa [[Ruzo]], Lardin Muyinga ta cikin dausayin Ruduhira. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}  ta raba dausayin gida biyu. Sashen dama yana riƙe da sunan Nyamabuno, yayin da ɓangaren hagu ake kiransa da dausayin Ruduhira . {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Dausayin Nyamabuno da Ruduhira suna zubar da ruwan Tafkin Rweru a cikin dausayin ruwan Vumasi, Rusenyi, Karambo da Nonwe. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}

Zuwa shekarar 2005, an fara share wadannan dausayi guda biyu don noman shinkafa a bangarorin biyu na hanyar. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Hanyar ta sa yawan ruwa ya ragu, wanda hakan ya sa al'ummar yankin suka fara noman shinkafa a dausayi. Hanyar za ta haifar da bushewar dausayi a hankali da kuma rage matakan tafkin. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Shugaban kwamin Bwambarangwe ya ce a shekarar 2005 cewa an fara wani aikin gyaran gona da tallafi (PRASAB) don amfani da dausayin Nyamabuno. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}</text>
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'''Kogin Nyamabuno''' ( French   ) kogi ne da ke arewa maso gabashin lardin Kirundo na kasar Burundi, wani mashigar [[tafkin Rweru]] .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyamabuno da babban kogin Muvuruga yana gudana daga arewa maso gabas, sannan arewa ko arewa maso yamma daidai da [[kogin Cizanye]], wanda ke bayyana wani yanki na iyakar gabashin Burundi da Tanzaniya. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Domin yawancin tafiyarsa kogin Nyamabuno yana yin iyaka tsakanin gundumar Busoni, lardin Kirundo da kuma gundumar Giteranyi, lardin Muyinga . {{Sfn|Way: Nyamabuno (749089751)}}

Gasebuzi, wani rafi ne na yanayi a samansa, yana samuwa a cikin tarin Kamaramagambo na Commune na Butihinda, Lardin Muyinga. Yana kwarara arewa maso gabas, kuma rafin yanayi na Rugomero ya haɗu da shi a kudu da [[Murenge]] don samar da Kogin Muvuruga. Muvuruga yana ci gaba da arewa maso gabas, kuma Mukinshoza yana haɗuwa da shi daga hagu (yamma) kusa da inda ya ratsa ƙarƙashin babbar hanyar RP61. {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

Muvuruga ta ci gaba da tafiya arewa ta cikin dausayin dausayin, Gikangororo ya haɗu daga dama (gabas), Murwobo ya haɗu daga hagu, Gashanga da Nyagafunzo daga dama, kuma Kanyamanza ya faɗaɗa zuwa bakinsa. {{Sfn|Rugari USDMA}} Zuwa bakinsa ƙasar dausayin tana faɗaɗa, sannan ta haɗu da dausayin da ke ƙarshen arewa na [[Tafkin Kanzigiri]] . Dausayin dausayin dausayin dausayin Gitandara ya haɗu da su daga dama kafin su shiga [[Tafkin Rweru]] . {{Sfn|Lac Rweru USDMA}}

== Fadaka ==
Kafin a yanke shi biyu ta hanyar hanya, fadin Nyamabuno ya fi {{Convert|400|m}} kuma sama da {{Convert|15|km}} tsayi. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} A shekara ta 2005 wata hanya mai tsawon {{Convert|400|m}}Ana gina shi daga [[Karambo]] a Lardin Kirundo zuwa [[Ruzo]], Lardin Muyinga ta cikin dausayin Ruduhira. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}  ta raba dausayin gida biyu. Sashen dama yana riƙe da sunan Nyamabuno, yayin da ɓangaren hagu ake kiransa da dausayin Ruduhira . {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Dausayin Nyamabuno da Ruduhira suna zubar da ruwan Tafkin Rweru a cikin dausayin ruwan Vumasi, Rusenyi, Karambo da Nonwe. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}

Zuwa shekarar 2005, an fara share wadannan dausayi guda biyu don noman shinkafa a bangarorin biyu na hanyar. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Hanyar ta sa yawan ruwa ya ragu, wanda hakan ya sa al'ummar yankin suka fara noman shinkafa a dausayi. Hanyar za ta haifar da bushewar dausayi a hankali da kuma rage matakan tafkin. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}} Shugaban kwamin Bwambarangwe ya ce a shekarar 2005 cewa an fara wani aikin gyaran gona da tallafi (PRASAB) don amfani da dausayin Nyamabuno. {{Sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro|2005}}

==manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Nyakijanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844971</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:00:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297058280|Nyakijanda River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844971</origin>
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      <text bytes="3348" sha1="fn2f7lkirn5tgyvd2e9bu8c4fbcyz9u" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Nyakijanda''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta hagu ta Kogin Nyabaha .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyakijanda yana samuwa a kudancin Lardin Ruyigi inda Kogin Gihehe da Kogin Gisuma ke ciyar da shi. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Yana kwarara arewa ta kan iyakar Lardin Gitega da Lardin Ruyigi kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Sanzu, wanda ke kwarara daga gabas, don samar da Kogin Nyabaha . {{Sfn|Ruyigi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyakijanda wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar na 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Dausayin Nyakijanda yana cikin Kwaminyar Itaba, kudu maso gabashin Lardin Gitega, tsakanin yankin Kirimo na halitta a yamma da yankin Buyogoma na halitta a gabas. Dausayin Nyakijanda ne kawai za a iya kula da shi don amfanin gona, noma shinkafa ko wasu amfanin gona. {{Sfn|Le projet de developpement communautaire}} Kusan dukkan magudanan ruwan yankin suna taruwa a kan dausayin Nyakijanda. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

== Mqnazarta ==</text>
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      <id>844972</id>
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        <username>Ibrahim abusufyan</username>
        <id>19233</id>
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'''Kogin Nyakijanda''' ( French   ) kogi ne a Burundi, wani magudanar ruwa ta hagu ta Kogin Nyabaha .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Nyakijanda yana samuwa a kudancin Lardin Ruyigi inda Kogin Gihehe da Kogin Gisuma ke ciyar da shi. {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Yana kwarara arewa ta kan iyakar Lardin Gitega da Lardin Ruyigi kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Sanzu, wanda ke kwarara daga gabas, don samar da Kogin Nyabaha . {{Sfn|Ruyigi DMA}}

== Muhalli ==
Yankin Nyakijanda wuri ne mai cike da filayen noma da shuke-shuke na halitta. {{Sfn|nasalandcover}} Yankin yana da cunkoson jama'a sosai, tare da mazauna 111 a kowace murabba'in kilomita kamar na 2016. {{Sfn|nasapop}} Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a yankin shine {{Convert|19|C}} . Watan da ya fi zafi shine Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin jiki yake {{Convert|22|C}}, kuma mafi sanyi shine Afrilu, tare da {{Convert|18|C}} . {{Sfn|nasa}} Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine {{Convert|1,321|mm}}watan da ya fi damina shi  Disamba, inda matsakaicinsa yake da {{Convert|215|mm}} sama, kuma mafi bushewa shine Yuli, tare da {{Convert|1|mm}} na ruwan sama. {{Sfn|nasarain}}

== Noma ==
Dausayin Nyakijanda yana cikin Kwaminyar Itaba, kudu maso gabashin Lardin Gitega, tsakanin yankin Kirimo na halitta a yamma da yankin Buyogoma na halitta a gabas. Dausayin Nyakijanda ne kawai za a iya kula da shi don amfanin gona, noma shinkafa ko wasu amfanin gona. {{Sfn|Le projet de developpement communautaire}} Kusan dukkan magudanan ruwan yankin suna taruwa a kan dausayin Nyakijanda. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}}

== Wutar lantarki ta ruwa ==
Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

Ruwan magudanar ruwa da ke kan Kogin Nyakijanda yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. {{Sfn|Province de Gitega, Commune Itaba, plan}} Ya zuwa shekarar 1984, an gabatar da wani kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 250kW a Kogin Nyakijanda kimanin kilomita 3 daga Buhoro . {{Sfn|Energy Sector Management Assistance Program}} Wani rahoto na 2012 da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adanai ta fitar ya gano ayyuka biyu da za a iya yi a kan Nyakijanda: NYKI 012 a 2.8MW da NYKI 002 a 1.7MW {{Sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} Wani rahoto na 2022 ya gano wani wuri da zai iya zama wurin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan Nyakijanda a cikin ''tarin'' Nyamuyaga na Commune of Butaganzwa, Lardin Ruyigi. Faɗuwar ta kai {{Convert|23|m}} mai tsayi tare da kwararar {{Convert|2.7|m3/s}}, wanda ke ba da damar 487kW. {{Sfn|Rapport Annuel AREEN}}

== Mqnazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Lotsane</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:25:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1227829599|Lotsane River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2261" sha1="i9ff800c52zxldth8mm1d1viu0e4ac9" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Lotsane''' kogi ne da ke kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]] . Kogin Limpopo yana da yankin hagun na [[Kogin Limpopo]] kuma yana da fadin {{Convert|9748|km2}} .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Lotsane yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]] . Yana kwarara kusan zuwa gabas, yana wucewa kusa da Serowe da kuma ta cikin Palapye sannan yana gefen tsaunin Tswapong a gefen arewa kusa da Maunatlala . A ƙarshe, ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu. 

Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Morupule River|Kogin Morupule]] da [[Kutswe River|Kogin Kutswe]], wanda na ƙarshe ya ratsa [[Mokgware Hills|tsaunukan Mokgware]], wani tsauni mai raba rafukan ruwan da ke gudana a arewa maso gabas, kamar Maitsokgwane, daga waɗanda ke gudana a kudu maso gabas kamar Mahalapswe. Sauran rafukan ruwan sune [[Dikabeya River|Kogin Dikabeya]] da [[Susuela River|Kogin Susuela]], waɗanda suka haɗu da Lotsane gabas da yankin Tswapong.

Duk kogunan da ke cikin yankin Lotsane suna bushewa a duk shekara, suna fuskantar kwararar ruwa na ɗan lokaci a lokacin damina na bazara. Mutanen da ke kusa suna tattara ruwan da aka adana a cikin kogin yashi. 

Akwai babban madatsar ruwa guda ɗaya a Kogin Lotsane. A halin yanzu, ana shirin gina wasu madatsun ruwa.  A cewar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Ruwa, ya zuwa watan Maris na 2012, an kusa kammala [[Dam din Lotsane|madatsar ruwan Lotsane]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lotsane Dam |url=http://www.facebook.com/waterutilities/posts/375151845836452 |access-date=20 September 2012 |publisher=[[Botswana Water Utilities Corporation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;240px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
Fayil:ISS006-E-7917tswapong-lotsane.jpg|alt=NASA picture of the Tswapong Hills with the Lotsane River flowing along the northern edge.| Hoton NASA na tsaunukan Tswapong tare da Kogin Lotsane yana gudana a gefen arewa.
Fayil:Palapye_flood_1.jpg|alt=Flash flood in Palapye, Central District, Botswana. Heavy rain caused a small dam to burst on the Lotsane River, which flows through the village| Ambaliyar ruwa ta afku a Palapye, gundumar tsakiya, Botswana. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa wani ƙaramin madatsar ruwa ya fashe a Kogin Lotsane, wanda ke ratsa ƙauyen.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>844974</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <text bytes="2273" sha1="nug0okudo0d4ggr3dy0p3xvp93b2o35" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Lotsane''' kogi ne da ke kudu maso gabashin [[Botswana]] . Kogin Limpopo yana da yankin hagun na [[Kogin Limpopo]] kuma yana da fadin {{Convert|9748|km2}} .

== Kwas ɗin ==
Kogin Lotsane yana da tushe a cikin sandveld, a gefen gabas na [[Hamadar Kalahari]] . Yana kwarara kusan zuwa gabas, yana wucewa kusa da Serowe da kuma ta cikin Palapye sannan yana gefen tsaunin Tswapong a gefen arewa kusa da Maunatlala . A ƙarshe, ya haɗu da gefen hagu na Kogin Limpopo a kan iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu. 

Manyan rafukan ruwanta sune [[Morupule River|Kogin Morupule]] da [[Kutswe River|Kogin Kutswe]], wanda na ƙarshe ya ratsa [[Mokgware Hills|tsaunukan Mokgware]], wani tsauni mai raba rafukan ruwan da ke gudana a arewa maso gabas, kamar Maitsokgwane, daga waɗanda ke gudana a kudu maso gabas kamar Mahalapswe. Sauran rafukan ruwan sune [[Dikabeya River|Kogin Dikabeya]] da [[Susuela River|Kogin Susuela]], waɗanda suka haɗu da Lotsane gabas da yankin Tswapong.

Duk kogunan da ke cikin yankin Lotsane suna bushewa a duk shekara, suna fuskantar kwararar ruwa na ɗan lokaci a lokacin damina na bazara. Mutanen da ke kusa suna tattara ruwan da aka adana a cikin kogin yashi. 

Akwai babban madatsar ruwa guda ɗaya a Kogin Lotsane. A halin yanzu, ana shirin gina wasu madatsun ruwa.  A cewar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Ruwa, ya zuwa watan Maris na 2012, an kusa kammala [[Dam din Lotsane|madatsar ruwan Lotsane]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lotsane Dam |url=http://www.facebook.com/waterutilities/posts/375151845836452 |access-date=20 September 2012 |publisher=[[Botswana Water Utilities Corporation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;240px&quot; heights=&quot;180px&quot;&gt;
Fayil:ISS006-E-7917tswapong-lotsane.jpg|alt=NASA picture of the Tswapong Hills with the Lotsane River flowing along the northern edge.| Hoton NASA na tsaunukan Tswapong tare da Kogin Lotsane yana gudana a gefen arewa.
Fayil:Palapye_flood_1.jpg|alt=Flash flood in Palapye, Central District, Botswana. Heavy rain caused a small dam to burst on the Lotsane River, which flows through the village| Ambaliyar ruwa ta afku a Palapye, gundumar tsakiya, Botswana. Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya sa wani ƙaramin madatsar ruwa ya fashe a Kogin Lotsane, wanda ke ratsa ƙauyen.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Grumeti</title>
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    <id>154069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844975</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:27:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355287481|Grumeti River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Grumeti''' [[kogi]] ne a yankin Mara, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], wanda yake kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin yammacin yankin Serengeti National Park . Yana kwarara zuwa yamma kuma yana shiga cikin Tekun Speke na [[Tafkin Victoria]] .

== Babban hanyar ƙaura ==
Babban hanyar ketare kogi ce don babban ƙaura na Serengeti . A tsakanin watan Mayu zuwa Agusta, dubban dabbobin daji da sauran dabbobi suna ketare ruwan [[Yankin Nilu|da kada]] ke mamaye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blog |url=https://www.serengetiparktanzania.com/information/ |access-date=2020-11-14 |website=Serengeti National Park |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An san shi da wannan wurin da ke kusa da [[Kogin Mara]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Safaris |first=Discover Africa |title=Western Corridor and Grumeti {{!}} Everything to know {{!}} Discover Africa Safaris |url=https://www.discoverafrica.com/safaris/serengeti-national-park/western-corridor-grumeti/ |access-date=2020-11-14 |website=www.discoverafrica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844976</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:30:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844976</origin>
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      <text bytes="1015" sha1="609yyee1ar427mlybks7kqguv7rz7b6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Grumeti''' [[kogi]] ne a yankin Mara, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], wanda yake kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin yammacin yankin Serengeti National Park . Yana kwarara zuwa yamma kuma yana shiga cikin Tekun Speke na [[Tafkin Victoria]] .

== Babban hanyar ƙaura ==
Babban hanyar ketare kogi ce don babban ƙaura na Serengeti . A tsakanin watan Mayu zuwa Agusta, dubban dabbobin daji da sauran dabbobi suna ketare ruwan [[Yankin Nilu|da kada]] ke mamaye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blog |url=https://www.serengetiparktanzania.com/information/ |access-date=2020-11-14 |website=Serengeti National Park |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; An san shi da wannan wurin da ke kusa da [[Kogin Mara]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Safaris |first=Discover Africa |title=Western Corridor and Grumeti {{!}} Everything to know {{!}} Discover Africa Safaris |url=https://www.discoverafrica.com/safaris/serengeti-national-park/western-corridor-grumeti/ |access-date=2020-11-14 |website=www.discoverafrica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Bonwapitse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844977</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296929566|Bonwapitse River]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>844977</origin>
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'''Bonwapitse''' kogi ne a tsakiyar [[Botswana]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa kogin ya kai {{Convert|886|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana da jimillar fadin hekta 1,202,985. Sunan kogin yana wanzuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: Kogin Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. A yau kogin yana gudana ta cikin ƙasa mai faɗi, mai ɗan busasshiyar ƙasa tare da ciyayi, ciyayi da bishiyoyi. Kogin yana gudana lokaci-lokaci a lokacin damina, wanda ke gudana daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, kuma har zuwa sauran shekara yana bushewa. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin haɗuwarsa da Kogin Serorome .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844978</id>
      <parentid>844977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:31:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>844978</origin>
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      <text bytes="1190" sha1="phfhnrg2rnflo9k0lw1a939l07dehoc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Bonwapitse''' kogi ne a tsakiyar [[Botswana]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |url=https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.fao.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Evolution of the Limpopo River Basin in Botswana based on morphometric and morphotectonic features from selected rivers using GIS techniques |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24749508.2023.2219492}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kiyasta cewa kogin ya kai {{Convert|886|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bonwapitse stream, Central, Botswana |url=https://bw.geoview.info/bonwapitse,933873 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=bw.geoview.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana da jimillar fadin hekta 1,202,985. Sunan kogin yana wanzuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: Kogin Bonapitse, Bonapitsi, Bonwapitse. A yau kogin yana gudana ta cikin ƙasa mai faɗi, mai ɗan busasshiyar ƙasa tare da ciyayi, ciyayi da bishiyoyi. Kogin yana gudana lokaci-lokaci a lokacin damina, wanda ke gudana daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, kuma har zuwa sauran shekara yana bushewa. Yana gudana a ƙarƙashin haɗuwarsa da Kogin Serorome .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Aina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154071</id>
    <revision>
      <id>844979</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:32:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329840751|Aïna River]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kogin Aïna''' (Faransa: ''Rivière Aïna'' ) wani yanki ne na kogin Ivindo wanda ke tashi a [[Kamaru]] . A kan hanya yana samar da iyaka tsakanin [[Kamaru]] da [[Gabon]] sannan kuma iyaka tsakanin [[Gabon]] da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]] [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gabon_Map.jpg (Taswira)] .

An lura cewa ƴan pygmies na asali a gefen kogin suna daga cikin kaɗan daga cikin waɗanda suka yi amfani da shukar ''Strophanthus tholonii'' a matsayin sinadari a cikin gubar kibiyarsu ; sauran nau'ikan Strophanthus ana amfani da su sosai. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Al'ummomin Kamaru

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844980</id>
      <parentid>844979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:32:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <origin>844980</origin>
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      <text bytes="643" sha1="qiz64kq4y7t0hlkul5zttdzei1njadm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Aïna''' (Faransa: ''Rivière Aïna'' ) wani yanki ne na kogin Ivindo wanda ke tashi a [[Kamaru]] . A kan hanya yana samar da iyaka tsakanin [[Kamaru]] da [[Gabon]] sannan kuma iyaka tsakanin [[Gabon]] da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]] [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gabon_Map.jpg (Taswira)] .

An lura cewa ƴan pygmies na asali a gefen kogin suna daga cikin kaɗan daga cikin waɗanda suka yi amfani da shukar ''Strophanthus tholonii'' a matsayin sinadari a cikin gubar kibiyarsu ; sauran nau'ikan Strophanthus ana amfani da su sosai. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Al'ummomin Kamaru

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kogin Huab</title>
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    <id>154072</id>
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      <id>844981</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:34:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329095465|Huab River]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1293" sha1="k7dsoy681oglsneizbspvazqoezbs0n" xml:space="preserve">'''Kogin Huab''' kogi ne mai tsawon lokaci a Yankin Kunene da ke arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Mafarinsa yana kudu maso gabashin Kamanjab, daga nan yake kwarara zuwa yamma ta cikin savanna na Mopane har sai ya isa gabar tekun Skeleton da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . Gudun ruwa na Huab sune [[Klein-Omaruru River|Klein-Omaruru]], [[Sout River|South]], [[Aba-Huab River|Aba-Huab]], [[Ongwati River|Ongwati]] da [[Klip River, Namibia|Klip]] . An kiyasta cewa [[Yankin da aka kama shi|yankin ruwan]] Huab (gami da magudanar ruwa) yana tsakanin 14,800  da {{Convert|16465|km2}}  , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Strohbach, B.J. |date=2008 |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |format=PDF 1.0MB |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |pages=63–73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya haɗa da garin Khorixas da kuma ƙauyukan Kamanjab, Fransfontein, da [[Anker, Namibia|Anker]] . [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihin Duniya]] na Twyfelfontein yana gefen Aba Huab. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson&quot; /&gt;

An san Huab sosai saboda yawan giwayen da ke cikin Hamada wanda ke kawo cikas ga ayyukan noma amma kuma yana iya zama wurin yawon bude ido. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844982</id>
      <parentid>844981</parentid>
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      <text bytes="1305" sha1="b2wj8gbc1k2y3obwqclar127cfbb8lv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Kogin Huab''' kogi ne mai tsawon lokaci a Yankin Kunene da ke arewa maso yammacin [[Namibiya|Namibia]] . Mafarinsa yana kudu maso gabashin Kamanjab, daga nan yake kwarara zuwa yamma ta cikin savanna na Mopane har sai ya isa gabar tekun Skeleton da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] . Gudun ruwa na Huab sune [[Klein-Omaruru River|Klein-Omaruru]], [[Sout River|South]], [[Aba-Huab River|Aba-Huab]], [[Ongwati River|Ongwati]] da [[Klip River, Namibia|Klip]] . An kiyasta cewa [[Yankin da aka kama shi|yankin ruwan]] Huab (gami da magudanar ruwa) yana tsakanin 14,800  da {{Convert|16465|km2}}  , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Strohbach, B.J. |date=2008 |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |format=PDF 1.0MB |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |pages=63–73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya haɗa da garin Khorixas da kuma ƙauyukan Kamanjab, Fransfontein, da [[Anker, Namibia|Anker]] . [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Tarihin Duniya]] na Twyfelfontein yana gefen Aba Huab. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson&quot; /&gt;

An san Huab sosai saboda yawan giwayen da ke cikin Hamada wanda ke kawo cikas ga ayyukan noma amma kuma yana iya zama wurin yawon bude ido. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Andy Anderson (Trufeter)</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox musical artist | name = Andy Anderson | birth_name = Andrew Anderson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}} | birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}} | death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States | genre = [[Jazz]] | occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader | instrument = [[Trumpet]] | years_active = 1920s–1971 }}</comment>
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      <text bytes="422" sha1="1g7e16hrhvgavatmfn1i6j4bo70j1cw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844986</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:49:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
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      <text bytes="443" sha1="d47uu5x9tve4ug50cit51ny1erpoljg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''</text>
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      <id>844990</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-01T22:52:51Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="577" sha1="8jiwyymbxsepsxnwx02t88zp3om0eee" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.</text>
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      <text bytes="596" sha1="mfxqp9bf8fah1taaputej9oobdsy54b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>844993</id>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="690" sha1="dgf11k8c60lwqzr8te3r4j2px9fqy5j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.</text>
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      <text bytes="822" sha1="a1usfs266txezon4cnj52g6qs2sc35p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.</text>
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      <text bytes="928" sha1="cex62y3e4iea7tlwl5vphqa6p7yvml1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]</text>
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        <id>14813</id>
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      <text bytes="982" sha1="r7a8wclpprbhp94lguvp99zb2lhm96n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
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      <text bytes="1068" sha1="awia1garnl2xk0pd61gepvrn7f3c9ru" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.</text>
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      <id>845078</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
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      <text bytes="1257" sha1="qloqlfjp8izg8554o37bcd20w89fsxm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.</text>
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      <id>845079</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
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      <text bytes="1360" sha1="mxkq0dsqkunw1ffdnphnyzg92ruppnj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845080</id>
      <parentid>845079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:14:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
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      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1442" sha1="9rqfs1qn6eq7zwi1f705hxf25q3dek5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845081</id>
      <parentid>845080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:15:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1508" sha1="9xkvhqpfkdx7vzh7qp4i2umusr63py9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845082</id>
      <parentid>845081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:15:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1644" sha1="2s5guor67wcg50f0gpxl9polzmg3j98" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845083</id>
      <parentid>845082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:16:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845083</origin>
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      <text bytes="1774" sha1="s5wts0hbsleaydsbl5d2y232wia4ztc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845085</id>
      <parentid>845083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:17:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
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      <text bytes="1880" sha1="iin9ohrzg8q966mcmkppt0qfdgfgn9u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845087</id>
      <parentid>845085</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:19:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="1977" sha1="95yfutbgdbli638q3vpgsfc59mkr6pg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845088</id>
      <parentid>845087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:20:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845088</origin>
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      <text bytes="2147" sha1="90lr9e76zwutmhkcwyeutfus34fhtrq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fati.[5]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845090</id>
      <parentid>845088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:21:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2224" sha1="5lnck1is5yjq945ibdzsnejjyut6wek" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845091</id>
      <parentid>845090</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:23:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2338" sha1="7punse1u42m8nt7cgu4myvanw3e802k" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845092</id>
      <parentid>845091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:24:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845092</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2474" sha1="13fh4n0x38om3srt6wo1acgizujx08s" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]Ya kasance babban aiki tare da John Casimir's Young Tuxedo Brass Band da Olympia Brass Band (OBB) daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa farkon 1970s.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845093</id>
      <parentid>845092</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:25:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845093</origin>
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      <text bytes="2512" sha1="r7xc80davt8bb6bdyr17gweguqrbjc2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]Ya kasance babban aiki tare da John Casimir's Young Tuxedo Brass Band da Olympia Brass Band (OBB) daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa farkon 1970s.Tare da OBB ya zagaya Turai a 1968.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845094</id>
      <parentid>845093</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:27:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845094</origin>
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      <text bytes="2671" sha1="08fvt743zoea4ztp34wk4uhsfy2p4dj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]Ya kasance babban aiki tare da John Casimir's Young Tuxedo Brass Band da Olympia Brass Band (OBB) daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa farkon 1970s.Tare da OBB ya zagaya Turai a 1968.[1]Ya bayyana sau da yawa a zauren Tsare-tsare a cikin aikinsa na ƙarshe, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1967 ya taka leda a rikodin Lars Edegran na Grace da Beauty.[5]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845095</id>
      <parentid>845094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:28:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845095</origin>
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      <text bytes="2738" sha1="malnzwyfr57tvb6d9gnffq728grn4as" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]Ya kasance babban aiki tare da John Casimir's Young Tuxedo Brass Band da Olympia Brass Band (OBB) daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa farkon 1970s.Tare da OBB ya zagaya Turai a 1968.[1]Ya bayyana sau da yawa a zauren Tsare-tsare a cikin aikinsa na ƙarshe, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1967 ya taka leda a rikodin Lars Edegran na Grace da Beauty.[5]
Ya yi ritaya bayan ya rasa hakoransa guda hudu a shekarar 1971.[1]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845096</id>
      <parentid>845095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abubakar Yusuf Gusau</username>
        <id>14813</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwa da Aiki */</comment>
      <origin>845096</origin>
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      <text bytes="2810" sha1="nl86eol05pf2jea0tss6oa0dhrv0p3a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Andy Anderson
| birth_name = Andrew Anderson
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Mandeville, Louisiana]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1982|12|19|1905|8|10}}
| death_place = [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, United States
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation = Trumpeter, composer, bandleader
| instrument = [[Trumpet]]
| years_active = 1920s–1971
}}

'''Andy Anderson'''(10 gawatan Agusta, shekara ta 1905 --19 ga watan Disemba, shekara ta 1982) ɗan Ba-Amurke ɗan ƙaho ne na jazz, mawaki, kuma jagora.
==Rayuwa da Aiki==
An haifi Andrew Anderson a Mandeville, Louisiana a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1905.
Ɗan George Anderson, [5] mahaifinsa ɗan wasan bass ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Bunk Johnson daga 1915-1918.
[1] Ya koyi buga ƙaho daga babban ɗan'uwansa kuma ya fara yin kida a garinsu tare da makada na gari.[5]
Daga baya ya karanci jazz tare da Pinchback Touro.[5]

A cikin c. 1922 Anderson ya koma New Orleans inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mawaƙi.[1] A tsakiyar 1920s ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ɗan wasan violin jazz Willie J. Foster (1888-1969) ke jagoranta kafin ya kafa ƙungiyarsa, Pelican Silvertone Band wanda ya jagoranta.
Ya buga wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Polo Barnes, Jim Robinson, da Armand J. Piron;[5]suna yin tare da mutumin na ƙarshe a cikin wani makada a kan kogin SS Capitol.[1]Daga 1934-1940 ya kasance memba na Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Band.[5]Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar sa a cikin rikodin da aka yi a 1939 da 1942; daya daga cikinsu shi ne nasa tsarin Chant of the Tuxedos (1939).[1]

Anderson yana aiki ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Oscar Celestin lokacin da aka sa shi cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka a 1942.[1]Ya yi aikin soja a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1942 zuwa 29 ga Agusta, 1945.[3].Bayan yakin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mambobi shida nasa, kuma ya wakilci Celestin a cikin 1950s.[1]A cikin 1959 ya yi rikodin tare da Young Tuxedo Brass Band a kan rikodin rikodin Studios na Atlantic Jazz ya fara: Sauti na Titin New Orleans; Jana'iza da Waƙar Fareti.[5]A wannan shekarar ya yi rikodin tare da George Lewis akan Verve Records.[1]

Sauran ƙungiyoyin da Anderson suka yi tare da sun haɗa da ƙungiyar Henry Allen Brass da Eureka Brass Band.[5]Ya kasance babban aiki tare da John Casimir's Young Tuxedo Brass Band da Olympia Brass Band (OBB) daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa farkon 1970s.Tare da OBB ya zagaya Turai a 1968.[1]Ya bayyana sau da yawa a zauren Tsare-tsare a cikin aikinsa na ƙarshe, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1967 ya taka leda a rikodin Lars Edegran na Grace da Beauty.[5]
Ya yi ritaya bayan ya rasa hakoransa guda hudu a shekarar 1971.[1]

Anderson ya mutu a New Orleans a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1982.[3] [4] [5]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawa:Fulani</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>154074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845000</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T02:43:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Umar Nasiru</username>
        <id>27898</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Malamai kucina kusa tarihin fulani manan */ sabon sashe</comment>
      <origin>845000</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="167" sha1="qn2ae6pqv4sc8xczhpjovd9ct9phcqa" xml:space="preserve">== Malamai kucina kusa tarihin fulani manan ==

Ya dace ace ansa tarihi  [[User:Umar Nasiru|Umar Nasiru]] ([[User talk:Umar Nasiru|talk]]) 02:43, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abdul Muhsin Al Abbad</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845001</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T04:25:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | honorific_prefix = Sheikh | name = Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad Al-Badr | native_name = عبد المحسن بن حمد العباد البدر | native_name_lang = ar | birth_date = 1934 | birth_place = Az-Zulfi, Saudi Arabia | nationality = Saudi | occupation = Malamin Hadisi, Malamin Jami'a, Marubuci | known_for = Karantar da Hadisi a Masallacin Annabi da sharhin ''Sunan Abi Dawud'' | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni }}  '''Sheikh Abdul Muhsin bin Ham...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4594" sha1="bjaa79j8yni42f5jh2gcc34nbewyopc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| honorific_prefix = Sheikh
| name = Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad Al-Badr
| native_name = عبد المحسن بن حمد العباد البدر
| native_name_lang = ar
| birth_date = 1934
| birth_place = Az-Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
| nationality = Saudi
| occupation = Malamin Hadisi, Malamin Jami'a, Marubuci
| known_for = Karantar da Hadisi a Masallacin Annabi da sharhin ''Sunan Abi Dawud''
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
}}

'''Sheikh Abdul Muhsin bin Hamad Al-Abbad Al-Badr''' (Larabci: '''عبد المحسن بن حمد العباد البدر'''; an haife shi a shekara ta 1934) babban malamin Musulunci ne ɗan ƙasar Saudiyya wanda ya shahara a fannin ilimin Hadisi. Ya kasance daga cikin fitattun malamai masu koyarwa a Masallacin Annabi da ke Madina, sannan ya riƙe manyan mukamai a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina.&lt;ref name=&quot;IslamWiki&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Abdul-Muhsin al-Abbad |url=https://islam.wiki/people/abdul-muhsin-al-abbad |publisher=Islam Wiki |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haihuwa da karatu ==
An haifi Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad a garin Az-Zulfi da ke arewacin Riyadh a shekarar 1934. Ya fara karatun addini da na Larabci a garinsu kafin ya shiga cibiyoyin ilimi a Riyadh. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Shari'a inda ya yi fice a cikin ɗalibai saboda ƙwarewarsa a ilimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;LautanIlmu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Biografi Syaikh Abdul Muhsin Al Abbad Al Badr |url=https://www.lautanilmu.com/2011/02/biografi-syaikh-abdul-muhsin-al-abbad-al-badr/ |publisher=Lautan Ilmu |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin malaman da ya yi karatu a wajensu akwai Sheikh Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Aal ash-Sheikh, Sheikh Abdul Aziz ibn Baz, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Amin Ash-Shanqiti da wasu mashahuran malaman Saudiyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;IslamFatwa&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Shaykh Abdulmuhsin al-Abbaad |url=https://islamfatwa.net/biografien/91-shaykh-abdulmuhsin-al-abbaad/ |publisher=Islam Fatwa |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan koyarwa ==
Al-Abbad ya kasance daga cikin malaman farko da suka koyar a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina bayan kafuwarta. Daga baya an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina, sannan ya zama Shugabanta bayan Sheikh Abdul Aziz ibn Baz ya bar mukamin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Subul&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Al-'Allamah 'Abdul Muhsin al-'Abbad |url=https://subulassalaam.com/scholars/scholar.cfm?shaykh_id=11 |publisher=SubulasSalaam |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsawon shekaru da dama ya kasance yana koyar da Hadisi a Masallacin Annabi da ke Madina, inda ɗalibai daga sassa daban-daban na duniya ke halartar darussansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IslamWiki&quot; /&gt;

== Gudummawa a ilimin Hadisi ==
Ana kallon Sheikh Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana Hadisi na zamani. Ya shahara musamman saboda dogon sharhinsa na littafin ''Sunan Abi Dawud'', wanda ya yi a matsayin jerin darussa a Masallacin Annabi kuma daga baya aka tattara su cikin kundin littattafai masu yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IslamWiki&quot; /&gt;

Har ila yau ya yi sharhi kan ''Arba'una An-Nawawiyya'' da wasu muhimman littattafan Hadisi da Aqida.&lt;ref name=&quot;LautanIlmu&quot; /&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:

* ''Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud''
* ''Fath al-Qawiyy al-Matin fi Sharh al-Arba'in''
* ''Sharh Hadith Jibril''
* ''Kayfa Nastafidu min al-Kutub al-Hadithiyyah as-Sittah''
* ''Aqidat Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah fi al-Sahabah''

An tattara yawancin rubuce-rubucensa cikin kundin ''Kutub wa Rasail Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kutub wa Rasail Abd al-Muhsin al-'Abbad al-Badr |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/majmu-fatawa-wa-risala/kutub-wa-rasail-abd-al-muhsin-al-abbad-al-badr-8-vol.html |publisher=Sifat Safwa |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Sheikh Abdul Muhsin Al-Abbad ya horar da dubban ɗalibai daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Ɗansa, '''Abdur Razzaq Al-Badr''', shi ma fitaccen malamin Musulunci ne kuma malami a Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_Al-Badr&lt;/ref&gt;

Masana da ɗalibai da dama suna masa laƙabi da ''Muhaddith na Madina'' saboda ƙwarewarsa a ilimin Hadisi da kuma tsawon shekarun da ya shafe yana koyarwa a Masallacin Annabi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Never too late to memorize |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Hifdh/comments/lidka3 |website=Reddit |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
* [[Jami'ar Musulunci ta Madina]]
* [[Abdul Aziz ibn Baz]]
* [[Muhammad Al-Amin Ash-Shanqiti]]
* [[Abdur Razzaq Al-Badr]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Saudiyya]]
[[Category:Masana Hadisi]]
[[Category:Mutanen da aka haifa a 1934]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>bjaa79j8yni42f5jh2gcc34nbewyopc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Al Amin Al Shanqiti</title>
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        <id>45024</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox scholar | honorific_prefix = Shaykh | name = Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti | native_name = محمد الأمين الشنقيطي | birth_date = 1905 | birth_place = Mauritania | death_date = 1974 | death_place = Makkah, Saudi Arabia | religion = Musulunci | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mufassiri, marubuci | notable_works = ''Adwa' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an'' }}  '''Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti''' (1905–1974) malamin Musulunci ne, mufassirin...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2533" sha1="ojeytd0v6ay30o2x5zowlu90ngzhn7m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scholar
| honorific_prefix = Shaykh
| name = Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti
| native_name = محمد الأمين الشنقيطي
| birth_date = 1905
| birth_place = Mauritania
| death_date = 1974
| death_place = Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| religion = Musulunci
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mufassiri, marubuci
| notable_works = ''Adwa' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an''
}}

'''Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti''' (1905–1974) malamin Musulunci ne, mufassirin Alƙur'ani kuma marubuci wanda ya yi suna a duniyar Musulunci saboda zurfin iliminsa a tafsiri, fikihu da harshen Larabci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://albidar.com/2020/06/16/muhammad-al-amine-ash-shanqiti-1904-1974/|title=Muhammad al-Amine ash-Shanqiti (1904–1974)|website=Albidar Editions|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi al-Shanqiti a Mauritania a farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Tun yana ƙarami ya haddace Alƙur'ani kuma ya yi karatu a hannun manyan malamai na ƙasarsa. Daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar Saudiyya inda ya zauna yana koyarwa da wa'azi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.articles.dawahnigeria.com/knowledge/shaykh-muhammad-shanqeetee|title=Shaykh Muhammad As-Shanqeetee|website=Dawah Nigeria|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukansa ==
Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai littafin tafsiri mai suna ''Adwa' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an'', wanda masana da ɗaliban ilimi da dama suke amfani da shi wajen nazarin Alƙur'ani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unity1.store/2023/09/16/on-following-madhhabs-shaykh-muhammad-al-amin-al-shanqiti/|title=On Following Madhhabs – Shaykh Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti|website=Unity|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Al-Shanqiti ya koyar da ɗalibai da dama a Saudiyya, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman tafsirin Alƙur'ani na ƙarni na ashirin. Rubuce-rubucensa sun ci gaba da yin tasiri a cibiyoyin ilimin Musulunci a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://albidar.com/2020/06/16/muhammad-al-amine-ash-shanqiti-1904-1974/|title=Muhammad al-Amine ash-Shanqiti (1904–1974)|website=Albidar Editions|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Ya rasu a birnin Makkah bayan ya kammala aikin Hajji a shekarar 1974.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.articles.dawahnigeria.com/knowledge/shaykh-muhammad-shanqeetee|title=Shaykh Muhammad As-Shanqeetee|website=Dawah Nigeria|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci]]
[[Category:Masu tafsirin Alƙur'ani]]
[[Category:1905 haihuwa]]
[[Category:1974 mutuwa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845003</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T04:31:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
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      <text bytes="2533" sha1="t8zwg1d8wm0775quvhdkzy1fgwurxh2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| honorific_prefix = Shaykh
| name = Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti
| native_name = محمد الأمين الشنقيطي
| birth_date = 1905
| birth_place = Mauritania
| death_date = 1974
| death_place = Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| religion = Musulunci
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, mufassiri, marubuci
| notable_works = ''Adwa' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an''
}}

'''Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti''' (1905–1974) malamin Musulunci ne, mufassirin Alƙur'ani kuma marubuci wanda ya yi suna a duniyar Musulunci saboda zurfin iliminsa a tafsiri, fikihu da harshen Larabci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://albidar.com/2020/06/16/muhammad-al-amine-ash-shanqiti-1904-1974/|title=Muhammad al-Amine ash-Shanqiti (1904–1974)|website=Albidar Editions|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi al-Shanqiti a Mauritania a farkon ƙarni na ashirin. Tun yana ƙarami ya haddace Alƙur'ani kuma ya yi karatu a hannun manyan malamai na ƙasarsa. Daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar Saudiyya inda ya zauna yana koyarwa da wa'azi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.articles.dawahnigeria.com/knowledge/shaykh-muhammad-shanqeetee|title=Shaykh Muhammad As-Shanqeetee|website=Dawah Nigeria|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukansa ==
Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai littafin tafsiri mai suna ''Adwa' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an'', wanda masana da ɗaliban ilimi da dama suke amfani da shi wajen nazarin Alƙur'ani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unity1.store/2023/09/16/on-following-madhhabs-shaykh-muhammad-al-amin-al-shanqiti/|title=On Following Madhhabs – Shaykh Muhammad al-Amin al-Shanqiti|website=Unity|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Al-Shanqiti ya koyar da ɗalibai da dama a Saudiyya, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman tafsirin Alƙur'ani na ƙarni na ashirin. Rubuce-rubucensa sun ci gaba da yin tasiri a cibiyoyin ilimin Musulunci a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://albidar.com/2020/06/16/muhammad-al-amine-ash-shanqiti-1904-1974/|title=Muhammad al-Amine ash-Shanqiti (1904–1974)|website=Albidar Editions|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Ya rasu a birnin Makkah bayan ya kammala aikin Hajji a shekarar 1974.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.articles.dawahnigeria.com/knowledge/shaykh-muhammad-shanqeetee|title=Shaykh Muhammad As-Shanqeetee|website=Dawah Nigeria|access-date=2026-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci]]
[[Category:Masu tafsirin Alƙur'ani]]
[[Category:1905 haihuwa]]
[[Category:1974 mutuwa]]</text>
      <sha1>t8zwg1d8wm0775quvhdkzy1fgwurxh2</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wahbah Al Zuhayli</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi:  | honorific_prefix = Sheikh | name = Wahbah Al-Zuhayli | native_name = وهبة الزحيلي | birth_date = 1932 | birth_place = Deir Atiyah, Siriya | death_date = 8 Agusta 2015 | death_place = Damascus, Siriya | nationality = Banasare | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni | jurisprudence = Shafi'iyya | occupation = Malamin addini, Farfesa, Marubuci | alma_mater = Jami'ar Damascus, Jami'ar Al-Azhar, Jami'ar Ain Shams, Jami'ar Alkahira | known_for = Fiqhu, Usul al-Fiq...</comment>
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| honorific_prefix = Sheikh
| name = Wahbah Al-Zuhayli
| native_name = وهبة الزحيلي
| birth_date = 1932
| birth_place = Deir Atiyah, Siriya
| death_date = 8 Agusta 2015
| death_place = Damascus, Siriya
| nationality = Banasare
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
| jurisprudence = Shafi'iyya
| occupation = Malamin addini, Farfesa, Marubuci
| alma_mater = Jami'ar Damascus, Jami'ar Al-Azhar, Jami'ar Ain Shams, Jami'ar Alkahira
| known_for = Fiqhu, Usul al-Fiqh, Tafsiri, Dokokin Musulunci
}}

'''Sheikh Wahbah Mustafa Al-Zuhayli''' (Larabci: '''وهبة مصطفى الزحيلي'''; 1932 – 8 Agusta 2015) ya kasance fitaccen malamin Musulunci ɗan Siriya, masani a fannin fikihu, usul al-fiqh da tafsirin Alƙur'ani. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman fikihun Musulunci na zamani saboda dimbin littattafan da ya rubuta da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimin Shari'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Introduction to Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli: A Review of His Contributions in Fiqh and Tafsir, and His Academic and Literary Achievements |journal=Journal of Quranic and Social Studies |year=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Wahbah Al-Zuhayli a garin Deir Atiyah da ke arewacin Damascus a ƙasar Siriya a shekarar 1932. Mahaifinsa Mustafa Al-Zuhayli manomi ne kuma mai kasuwanci. Ya fara karatun addini a Siriya kafin ya shiga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Damascus, inda ya kammala karatu cikin nasara a shekarar 1952.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Professor Dr. Wahbah M. Zuhaily |journal=ICR Journal |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya ya tafi Masar inda ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Al-Azhar, ya kammala a shekarar 1956. Haka kuma ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Ain Shams da kuma digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Alkahira. A shekarar 1963 ya sami digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Shari'ar Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Professor Dr. Wahbah M. Zuhaily |journal=ICR Journal |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin koyarwa ==
Bayan kammala karatunsa, Al-Zuhayli ya fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Damascus. Daga baya ya zama farfesa a fannin Fikihu da Usul al-Fiqh. Ya kuma yi aikin koyarwa a jami'o'i daban-daban a Libya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Sudan da Saudiyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara manhajar karatun Shari'a a Jami'ar Damascus, kuma ya kasance memba a cibiyoyin fikihu da dama na duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |website=Wikipedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gudummawa ga ilimi ==
An san Al-Zuhayli da matsakaicin fahimta da kokarinsa wajen haɗa tsoffin ra'ayoyin fikihu da matsalolin zamani. Ya rubuta littattafai sama da hamsin a fannoni daban-daban na ilimin Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Introduction to Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli: A Review of His Contributions in Fiqh and Tafsir, and His Academic and Literary Achievements |journal=Journal of Quranic and Social Studies |year=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:

* ''Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu''
* ''Al-Tafsir al-Munir''
* ''Usul al-Fiqh al-Islami''
* ''Athar al-Harb fi al-Fiqh al-Islami''
* ''Al-Wasit fi Usul al-Fiqh''

Littafinsa ''Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu'' yana daga cikin manyan kundin fikihun Musulunci na zamani, wanda ya tattara ra'ayoyin mazhabobi daban-daban tare da hujjojinsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Introduction to Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli: A Review of His Contributions in Fiqh and Tafsir, and His Academic and Literary Achievements |journal=Journal of Quranic and Social Studies |year=2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tafsiri ==
A fannin tafsirin Alƙur'ani, ya shahara da rubuta ''Al-Tafsir al-Munir'', wanda ya haɗa bayanan tafsiri, fikihu da darussan zamantakewa. Wannan tafsiri ya samu karɓuwa sosai a tsakanin malamai da ɗalibai a ƙasashe da dama.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli: His Scholarly Biography, Juristic and Rhetorical Methodology, and His Impact on Contemporary Islamic Thought |journal=Islamic Research Journal Al-Qudwah |year=2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
Sheikh Wahbah Al-Zuhayli ya rasu a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 yana da shekaru kusan 83. Rasuwarsa ta jawo alhini a faɗin duniyar Musulunci saboda irin gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi da fikihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Professor Dr. Wahbah M. Zuhaily |journal=ICR Journal |year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Siriya]]
[[Category:Malaman fikihu]]
[[Category:Masu tafsirin Alƙur'ani]]
[[Category:Mutanen da aka haifa a 1932]]
[[Category:Mutanen da suka rasu a 2015]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ramadan Al Buti</title>
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        <username>Ummu Ilham</username>
        <id>45024</id>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person  | honorific_prefix = Sheikh | name = Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti | native_name = محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي | native_name_lang = ar | birth_date = 1929 | birth_place = Jilka, Turkiyya | death_date = 21 Maris 2013 | death_place = Damascus, Siriya | religion = Musulunci | denomination = Sunni | jurisprudence = Shafi'iyya | creed = Ash'ariyya | occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, marubuci, malami a jami'a | notable_works = Fiqh al-Sirah da s...</comment>
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      <text bytes="4530" sha1="g6pt2td375y9waq5smxuv3ibte1t06x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person 
| honorific_prefix = Sheikh
| name = Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti
| native_name = محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي
| native_name_lang = ar
| birth_date = 1929
| birth_place = Jilka, Turkiyya
| death_date = 21 Maris 2013
| death_place = Damascus, Siriya
| religion = Musulunci
| denomination = Sunni
| jurisprudence = Shafi'iyya
| creed = Ash'ariyya
| occupation = Malamin addinin Musulunci, marubuci, malami a jami'a
| notable_works = Fiqh al-Sirah da sauran littattafai
}}

'''Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti''' (Larabci: '''محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي'''; 1929 – 21 Maris 2013), wanda aka fi sani da '''Sheikh Ramadan al-Buti''', ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Musulunci na Sunni a Siriya. Ya yi fice a fannin fikihu, aqida da ilimin addini, kuma ya rubuta littattafai da dama da suka shahara a duniyar Musulunci. An san shi da bin mazhabar Shafi'iyya da kuma akidar Ash'ariyya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Top Sunni cleric who supported Assad killed in blast at Damascus mosque |work=The Washington Post |date=21 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/top-sunni-cleric-who-supported-assad-killed-in-blast-at-damascus-mosque/2013/03/21/a5a11686-925f-11e2-9abd-e4c5c9dc5e90_story.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Al-Buti a shekarar 1929 a ƙauyen Jilka da ke ƙasar Turkiyya. Ya fito daga iyalin Kurdawa. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa iyalinsa suka koma Siriya, inda ya girma kuma ya yi karatun addini. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a Damascus.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Top pro-regime cleric killed in Syria blast |work=Al Jazeera |date=22 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/3/22/top-pro-regime-cleric-killed-in-syria-blast}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi da aikin koyarwa ==
Al-Buti ya yi karatun shari'ar Musulunci kuma ya koyar a jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi na Siriya. Ya zama mashahurin malami wanda darussansa da hudubobinsa suke samun karɓuwa a ƙasashe da dama. Haka kuma ya rubuta littattafai masu yawa kan fikihu, sirar Annabi Muhammad (SAW), aqida da sauran fannoni na ilimin Musulunci.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Who killed Al-Buti? Who gains? |work=Arab News |date=27 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.arabnews.com/news/446194}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayinsa a siyasar Siriya ==
A lokacin rikicin Siriya, Al-Buti ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman Sunni da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin shugaban Siriya, Bashar al-Assad. Wannan matsayi nasa ya jawo muhawara da suka daga wasu ɓangarori na al'ummar Siriya da kuma masu adawa da gwamnati.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Syria: suicide bomber kills top Sunni preacher in Damascus mosque |work=The Guardian |date=21 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/21/syria-suicide-bomber-sunni-damascus-mosque}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Syria Bombing Kills Pro-Assad Cleric Al Buti |work=Sky News |date=21 Maris 2013 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/syria-bombing-kills-pro-assad-cleric-al-buti-10451002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rasuwa ==
A ranar 21 ga Maris, 2013, Al-Buti ya rasu bayan wani harin fashewa da ya auku a Masallacin Al-Iman da ke Damascus yayin da yake gabatar da darasi ga dalibansa. Harin ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane da dama tare da jikkata wasu masu yawa. Mutuwarsa ta girgiza al'ummar Musulmi a Siriya da sauran ƙasashe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Syria: Top Sunni preacher among 42 killed in suicide bombing inside mosque |work=CBS News |date=21 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/syria-top-sunni-preacher-among-42-killed-in-suicide-bombing-inside-mosque/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Top pro-regime cleric killed in Syria blast |work=Al Jazeera |date=22 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/3/22/top-pro-regime-cleric-killed-in-syria-blast}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gadonsa ==
Al-Buti ya bar tarin littattafai da darussa da suka yi tasiri a duniyar Musulunci. Magoya bayansa suna kallonsa a matsayin babban malami mai kare ilimin gargajiya na Ahlus-Sunnah, yayin da masu suka ke nuna rashin amincewa da matsayinsa na siyasa a lokacin rikicin Siriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Assad lashes out after death of leading Syrian cleric and key Sunni ally |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=22 Maris 2013 |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2013/0322/Assad-lashes-out-after-death-of-leading-Syrian-cleric-and-key-Sunni-ally}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Malaman Musulunci na Siriya]]
[[Category:Sunni scholars]]
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Musulmi marubuta]]
[[Category:Kurdawa]]</text>
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    <title>Mumford, Ghana</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323842312|Mumford, Ghana]]&quot;</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn org&quot;&gt;Mumford&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;category&quot;&gt;[[Town|Birni]]&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |[[File:Mumford_Lagoon.jpg|250x250px|Mumford Lagoon]]&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-caption&quot;&gt;Mumford Lagoon&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:250px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:250px&quot;&gt;[[Fayil:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Mumford is located in Ghana]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:88.949%;left:55.73%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Mumford]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pv&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mumford&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Yanayin Mumford a [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin Tsakiya]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |Hanyar daidaitawa: 5°15′45′′N 0°45′28′′W / 5.26250°N 0.75778°W / 5. 26250; -0.75778&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mumford,_Ghana&amp;params=5_15_45_N_0_45_28_W_region:GH_type:city(18368) &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;5°15′45′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;0°45′28′′W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x68;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x75;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x68;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x75;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x68;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x75;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;5.26250°N 0.75778°W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;5.26250; -0.75778&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Jerin kasashen|Kasar]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Fayil:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] &lt;/span&gt;[[Ghana]]
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Yankuna na Ghana|Yankin]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin Tsakiya]]&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;[[Fayil:Flag_placeholder.svg|link=|alt=|23x23px| ]]&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Gundumomin Ghana|Gundumar]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |Yawan jama'a (2013) [1]&lt;div class=&quot;ib-settlement-fn&quot;&gt; (2013)&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;• Jimillar&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |18,368
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Sunan aljanu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mumfordian
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Yankin lokaci
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |GMT
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;• Lokacin bazara (DST) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |GMT
|- class=&quot;mergedtoprow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ƙabilar
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Mutanen Fante|Akans (Mutane Fanti)]]
|}
'''Mumford''' wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma ta [[Ghana]])&quot; [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin tsakiya]] na Ghana, kusa da babban birnin yankin Cape Coast .  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Mumford tana da yawan mazauna 18,368.  Al'umma ce ta kamun kifi kuma tana bikin Akwambo a makon farko na Nuwamba a kowace shekara. Ma'ana aka sake sake ddjevdfjdbss she's she's fished dje

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'''Mumford''' wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma ta [[Ghana]])&quot; [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin tsakiya]] na Ghana, kusa da babban birnin yankin Cape Coast .  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Mumford tana da yawan mazauna 18,368.  Al'umma ce ta kamun kifi kuma tana bikin Akwambo a makon farko na Nuwamba a kowace shekara. Ma'ana aka sake sake ddjevdfjdbss she's she's fished dje

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'''Mumford''' wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma ta [[Ghana]])&quot; [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin tsakiya]] na Ghana, kusa da babban birnin yankin Cape Coast .  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Mumford tana da yawan mazauna 18,368.  Al'umma ce ta kamun kifi kuma tana bikin Akwambo a makon farko na Nuwamba a kowace shekara. 
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'''Mumford''' wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma ta [[Ghana]])&quot; [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin tsakiya]] na Ghana, kusa da babban birnin yankin Cape Coast .  Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Mumford tana da yawan mazauna 18,368.  Al'umma ce ta kamun kifi kuma tana bikin Akwambo a makon farko na Nuwamba a kowace shekara. 
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'''Mumford''' wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Gomoa ta Yamma ta [[Ghana]])&quot; [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Yankin tsakiya]] na Ghana, kusa da babban birnin yankin Cape Coast
&lt;ref name=&quot;Gomoa West District - Central Region&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714142502/http://gomoawest.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=dnf&amp;_=56&amp;r=3&amp;rlv=towns Gomoa West District - Central Region]. Gomoawest.ghanadistricts.gov.gh.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya zuwa shekara ta 2013, Mumford tana da yawan mazauna 18,368.  Al'umma ce ta kamun kifi kuma tana bikin Akwambo a makon farko na Nuwamba a kowace shekara. 
== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shia, Ghana</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T05:58:58Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351951021|Shia, Ghana]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4838" sha1="qgbrlfgijcary94bppw0cu0yp15ff29" xml:space="preserve">'''Shi'a''' gari ne da ke gundumar Ho Municipal, [[Gundumomin Ghana|gundumar]] [[yankin Volta]] na [[Ghana]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-15 |title=2 in critical condition as immigration officers clash with Shia residents in V/R - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/2-in-critical-condition-as-immigration-officers-clash-with-shia-residents-in-v-r/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
Sunan Shia ya samo asali ne daga ayyukan Forebears na Shia waɗanda suka kasance masu ƙarfin zuciya sosai don haka suka yanke shawarar aiwatar da aikin sanin abubuwan da ke cikin wani abu kuma a cikin tsari sun fashe abu. An yi amfani da hayaniya da ta fito daga wannan tsari don bayyana mutanen da suka shiga wannan aikin. Sautin shi ne shiiaaa don haka an gano mutane a matsayin mutanen Shia.

== Wurin da yake ==
Shia wani gari ne a Ghana a cikin yankin Volta na Ghana . Tana kusa da kilomita 16 daga Ho babban birnin yankin Volta. Yana gabashin Ho kuma gari ne na iyaka tsakanin Ghana da Togo . Yana cikin gundumar Ho kuma yana zaune a cikin mazabar Shia-Ave don dalilai na zabe. Yana ɗaya daga cikin garuruwa uku na iyaka a cikin gabashin Ho.

== Tarihi ==
Mutanen Shia sun kasance daga cikin asalin Mutanen Ewe waɗanda suka samo asali daga Notsie a Najeriya kuma sun yi tafiya ta hanyar Benin, Togo, ta hanyar yankunan Keta da Anlo kuma a ƙarshe sun zauna a Ho da yankunan da ke kewaye. Mutanen Shia musamman sun zauna a Taviefe inda suka kasance shekaru da yawa kuma kawai suka koma wurin da suke yanzu bayan wasu rashin jituwa da abokan aiki game da abinda ke cikin samfurin wanda ya haifar da su raba abu zuwa kashi biyu wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da tilasta musu su bar al'umma zuwa wurin su na yanzu.

== Yanayi ==
Yanayin Shia yanki ne na gandun daji tare da tsarin ruwan sama mai kama da na Ho. Yana kwance 153 millimeters sama da matakin teku. Yana da yanayi na wurare masu zafi. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine digiri 26.8 na Celsius. Yana da kimanin yanayi uku masu aiki; Lokacin ruwan sama, Mix na kaka da bazara da kuma lokacin Harmattan.

== Gudanarwa ==
Shia tana cikin Gundumar Ho kuma tana da Ho a matsayin babban birnin gundumar. Shia kuma wani bangare ne na yankin Norvisi Traditional wanda ya ƙunshi al'ummomi 11 waɗanda suka yanke shawarar kasancewa tare don dalilai na hadin kai da ci gaba.

== Yawan jama'a ==
Garin yana da yawan jama'a kusan 2000. Akwai mata da yara da yawa fiye da maza. An yi la'akari da rabuwa da yawan jama'a a 60/40 rabuwa don goyon bayan mata.

== Gudun Hijira ==
An sami ƙaura mai yawa na mutanen Shia zuwa biranen. Manyan biranen da suka amfana daga ƙwarewar mutanen Shia sune Accra, Kumasi da Ho. Har ila yau, an sami ƙaurawar mutanen Shia zuwa ƙasashen waje. An kiyasta cewa za a sami sama da mutane 100 na Shia da ke zaune a kasashen waje.

== Gidaje ==
Al'umma ta bunkasa ne a cikin al'umma. Gidajen suna da nisa sosai tare da tituna da aka share da sauransu.

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Tattalin Arziki na noma ne kuma wasu ƙananan ayyukan kasuwanci waɗanda galibi ayyukan da ke kan iyakar Ghana Togo ne ke motsawa.

=== Sashe na farko ===
Babban bangare shine Aikin Gona

== Ilimi ==
Akwai makarantu da yawa daga Pre-schools har zuwa Jss da makarantar sakandare. Duk da haka babu makarantar sakandare a cikin al'umma.

== Kula da lafiya ==
Akwai asibitin kiwon lafiya guda daya a cikin al'umma wanda ke kula da mutane.

== Gine-gine ==
Akwai hanyar mota zuwa ga al'umma. Hanyar tana da tar kuma tana jagorantar daga Ho kuma tana ƙare a Shia.

=== Sufuri ===
Akwai taksi da bas da ke tafiya a kan hanyar zuwa Shia. Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu suna ba da sufuri na yau da kullun.

== Wasanni ==
Shia tana da kulob din kwallon kafa mai aiki da ake kira Shia manyan mayaƙa. Abin takaici saboda kalubalen gudanarwa kulob din ba ya aiki sosai.

== Wuraren ibada ==
Akwai majami'u da yawa na Orthodox, bishara, Pentecostal da Charismatic

Ikklisiyoyi sun haɗa da: Cocin Katolika, cocin Presbyterian na Bishara, Ikilisiyar Allah, Ikilisiya ta Pentecostes, Kristi shine Ikilisiya ɗaya, Ikilisiyan Light House da Ikilisiyar Presbyteriyan Bishara ta Duniya.

== Al'adu ==
Al'adun mutane an gina su ne a kan al'adun Mutanen Ewe na Ghana. Mutanen Shia suna da ɗan adam a cikin yanayi. Ayyukansu na jama'a ne saboda su ne masu kula da juna. An gina tsarin iyali a kusa da dangi mai tsawo.

Shia tana da Babban Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha, cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu wacce Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana ta shigar da ita a cikin 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shia SHS: Shis SHS, a school under trees |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/April-13th/shia-shs-a-high-school-under-trees-supported-by-donations.php |access-date=2018-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Shi'a''' gari ne da ke gundumar Ho Municipal, [[Gundumomin Ghana|gundumar]] [[yankin Volta]] na [[Ghana]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-15 |title=2 in critical condition as immigration officers clash with Shia residents in V/R - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/2-in-critical-condition-as-immigration-officers-clash-with-shia-residents-in-v-r/ |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
Sunan Shia ya samo asali ne daga ayyukan Forebears na Shia waɗanda suka kasance masu ƙarfin zuciya sosai don haka suka yanke shawarar aiwatar da aikin sanin abubuwan da ke cikin wani abu kuma a cikin tsari sun fashe abu. An yi amfani da hayaniya da ta fito daga wannan tsari don bayyana mutanen da suka shiga wannan aikin. Sautin shi ne shiiaaa don haka an gano mutane a matsayin mutanen Shia.

== Wurin da yake ==
Shia wani gari ne a Ghana a cikin yankin Volta na Ghana . Tana kusa da kilomita 16 daga Ho babban birnin yankin Volta. Yana gabashin Ho kuma gari ne na iyaka tsakanin Ghana da Togo . Yana cikin gundumar Ho kuma yana zaune a cikin mazabar Shia-Ave don dalilai na zabe. Yana ɗaya daga cikin garuruwa uku na iyaka a cikin gabashin Ho.

== Tarihi ==
Mutanen Shia sun kasance daga cikin asalin Mutanen Ewe waɗanda suka samo asali daga Notsie a Najeriya kuma sun yi tafiya ta hanyar Benin, Togo, ta hanyar yankunan Keta da Anlo kuma a ƙarshe sun zauna a Ho da yankunan da ke kewaye. Mutanen Shia musamman sun zauna a Taviefe inda suka kasance shekaru da yawa kuma kawai suka koma wurin da suke yanzu bayan wasu rashin jituwa da abokan aiki game da abinda ke cikin samfurin wanda ya haifar da su raba abu zuwa kashi biyu wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da tilasta musu su bar al'umma zuwa wurin su na yanzu.

== Yanayi ==
Yanayin Shia yanki ne na gandun daji tare da tsarin ruwan sama mai kama da na Ho. Yana kwance 153 millimeters sama da matakin teku. Yana da yanayi na wurare masu zafi. Matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara shine digiri 26.8 na Celsius. Yana da kimanin yanayi uku masu aiki; Lokacin ruwan sama, Mix na kaka da bazara da kuma lokacin Harmattan.

== Gudanarwa ==
Shia tana cikin Gundumar Ho kuma tana da Ho a matsayin babban birnin gundumar. Shia kuma wani bangare ne na yankin Norvisi Traditional wanda ya ƙunshi al'ummomi 11 waɗanda suka yanke shawarar kasancewa tare don dalilai na hadin kai da ci gaba.

== Yawan jama'a ==
Garin yana da yawan jama'a kusan 2000. Akwai mata da yara da yawa fiye da maza. An yi la'akari da rabuwa da yawan jama'a a 60/40 rabuwa don goyon bayan mata.

== Gudun Hijira ==
An sami ƙaura mai yawa na mutanen Shia zuwa biranen. Manyan biranen da suka amfana daga ƙwarewar mutanen Shia sune Accra, Kumasi da Ho. Har ila yau, an sami ƙaurawar mutanen Shia zuwa ƙasashen waje. An kiyasta cewa za a sami sama da mutane 100 na Shia da ke zaune a kasashen waje.

== Gidaje ==
Al'umma ta bunkasa ne a cikin al'umma. Gidajen suna da nisa sosai tare da tituna da aka share da sauransu.

== Tattalin Arziki ==
Tattalin Arziki na noma ne kuma wasu ƙananan ayyukan kasuwanci waɗanda galibi ayyukan da ke kan iyakar Ghana Togo ne ke motsawa.

=== Sashe na farko ===
Babban bangare shine Aikin Gona

== Ilimi ==
Akwai makarantu da yawa daga Pre-schools har zuwa Jss da makarantar sakandare. Duk da haka babu makarantar sakandare a cikin al'umma.

== Kula da lafiya ==
Akwai asibitin kiwon lafiya guda daya a cikin al'umma wanda ke kula da mutane.

== Gine-gine ==
Akwai hanyar mota zuwa ga al'umma. Hanyar tana da tar kuma tana jagorantar daga Ho kuma tana ƙare a Shia.

=== Sufuri ===
Akwai taksi da bas da ke tafiya a kan hanyar zuwa Shia. Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu suna ba da sufuri na yau da kullun.

== Wasanni ==
Shia tana da kulob din kwallon kafa mai aiki da ake kira Shia manyan mayaƙa. Abin takaici saboda kalubalen gudanarwa kulob din ba ya aiki sosai.

== Wuraren ibada ==
Akwai majami'u da yawa na Orthodox, bishara, Pentecostal da Charismatic

Ikklisiyoyi sun haɗa da: Cocin Katolika, cocin Presbyterian na Bishara, Ikilisiyar Allah, Ikilisiya ta Pentecostes, Kristi shine Ikilisiya ɗaya, Ikilisiyan Light House da Ikilisiyar Presbyteriyan Bishara ta Duniya.

== Al'adu ==
Al'adun mutane an gina su ne a kan al'adun Mutanen Ewe na Ghana. Mutanen Shia suna da ɗan adam a cikin yanayi. Ayyukansu na jama'a ne saboda su ne masu kula da juna. An gina tsarin iyali a kusa da dangi mai tsawo.

Shia tana da Babban Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha, cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu wacce Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana ta shigar da ita a cikin 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shia SHS: Shis SHS, a school under trees |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/April-13th/shia-shs-a-high-school-under-trees-supported-by-donations.php |access-date=2018-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Kiymbi</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337392905|Kiymbi Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5583" sha1="nh4w4gjmbsoh57smx3iyo305zzie3vl" xml:space="preserve">Dam din Kiymbi [wanda aka fi sani da Bendera Hydroelectric Powerstation] babban madatsar ruwa ne da kuma tashar wutar lantarki wanda aka buɗe a kan kogin Kiymbi (ko Kyimbi) a shekarar 1959. An yi watsi da shi kuma yana buƙatar gyara. An gudanar da sabbin matakai don gyara madatsar ruwan.

== Kogin Kyimbi ==
Kogin Kyimbi ya samo asali ne daga tsaunin Mugandja a tsawo na {{Convert|6560|ft}} . Ya ƙunshi jerin faduwa a kan nisan kilomita 2 (3.2 , tare da mafi girma 300 zuwa 500 feet (91 zuwa 152  tsawo. Jimlar faduwa a cikin wannan ɓangaren ya wuce {{Convert|2500|ft}} m). {{Sfn|Office du tourisme|1956}} Suna daga cikin mafi girman faduwa a nahiyar Afirka da za a yi amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} A lokacin fari matsakaicin kwararar shine 3 zuwa 10  mita a kowace dakika (110 zuwa 350  ft / s), amma wannan ya tashi zuwa 150 cubic mita da dakika (5,300 cu ft /s) a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Barrage de la Kyimbi}}

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A shekara ta 1948 an ruwaito cewa an kafa kamfani don gina tashar wutar lantarki a kan kogin Kyimbi a arewacin [[Lardin Katanga|Katanga]], don samar da Albertville (wanda yanzu ake kira Kalemie). Ana sa ran fara aiki a cikin 1950.{{Sfn|U.S. Dept. of Commerce|1948}} Za a gina shuka a kusa da [[Joel Bendera|Bendera]].{{Sfn|American University|1971}} Wannan kusan kilomita 110 ne (68  daga Albertville.{{Sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954}} Akwai jinkiri. Wani rahoto na 1952 ya ce har yanzu ana shirin ginin.{{Sfn|Electrical Times|1952}} Wani rahoto na 1954 ya bayyana tsarin da aka tsara a matsayin madatsar ruwa mai tsayi mita 14.5 (48  wanda zai samar da ruwa ga raka'a biyar masu samarwa, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin kilowatt 8,250 (11,060 , ko {{Convert|41,250|kW}}  gabaɗaya.{{Sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954}}

Daga ƙarshe Forces de L'Est du Congo (FEC) ne suka gina kuma suka gudanar da shuka, kamfanin da ya fara aiki a 1955 don samar da wutar lantarki ga gabashin Kongo.{{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Ya fara isar da wutar lantarki daga biyu daga cikin turbines biyar da aka tsara a shekarar 1959. {{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Za a shigar da ƙarin turbines kamar yadda ake buƙata don biyan buƙata.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} Masanin gine-gine Eugene Palumbo, wanda [[UNESCO]] ta sanya shi a Kongo, ya tsara birnin sabis na aikin ginin madatsar ruwan.{{Sfn|Fullerton|1964}}

== Dam da tashar wutar lantarki ==
Dam din yana sama da manyan magudanan ruwa na Kiymbi kuma ya ƙunshi murfin kankare na mita 60 (200  a tsawon, tare da tsawo na mita 1,652.2 (5,421 . Ikon madatsar ruwan yana da kimanin mita cubic 75,000 (61 . Ana ɗaukar ruwa daga madatsar ruwan a kwance tare da tashar da aka rufe mita 1,428 (4,685 , ko gallery, zuwa wani batu sama da tashar wutar lantarki. Gidan yana da wani bangare da kankare, tare da faɗin mita 3.5 (11  inda aka jera shi da mita 4.5 (15  inda ba a haɗa shi ba. Gidan ya ƙare  ɗakin da ke da tsawon mita 30 (98  da mita 7 (23 ft) a diamita wanda ke kawar da duk wani yashi da ya fi .03 millimeters (0.0012 in) a diamitar. Ana zubar da yashi zuwa wani kwari zuwa kogi da ke ƙasa.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}}

Daga tanki a ƙarshen de-sander, ana ciyar da ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar tsayi mai tsayi 1,400 mita (4,600  mai tsawo tare da diamita da ke raguwa daga 1.1 zuwa .9 mita (3  in zuwa 2 ft 11 in). Saukowa kusan mita 677 (2,221 . Ruwa yana ba da wutar lantarki kuma ana fitar da shi cikin kogi a ƙarƙashin magudanan ruwa.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} Tashar wutar lantarki ta zo kan layi a 1959 tare da janareto 8,250 kilowatt guda biyu, tare da yiwuwar wasu uku na wannan ƙarfin.{{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Layin 132 kV ya ɗauki wutar lantarki zuwa Albertville.

== Shirye-shiryen farfadowa ==
[[Fayil:Bendera_HPP_Kyimbi_Dam_1652m.jpg|thumb|Dam din Bendera a kan Kogin Kyimbi a Lardin Tanganyika na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Dam din shine babban wurin da ke cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Bendera Hydroelectric.]]
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta sami 'yanci a watan Yunin 1960.{{Sfn|Fullerton|1964}} Kamfanin wutar lantarki na jihar, Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL), ya shirya wani binciken gyaran tashar wutar lantarki ta Kiymbi a shekarar 1992.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2005}} Wani rahoto na 2007 da aka shirya don Bankin Duniya ya kimanta gyaran wutar lantarki. Kimanin ƙididdigar farashi daga binciken &quot;bincike&quot; zai zama dala miliyan 52.06 don ƙarfin shigar da MW 43.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007}} Rahoton ya ba da shawarar yin fifiko na ƙarin cikakken bincike.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007}}

A cikin 2023, wani kamfani na Burtaniya [Dynamis Investment Partners Ltd] ya karɓi shirye-shiryen farfadowa don tashar wutar lantarki ta Bendera kuma a halin yanzu tana gudanar da binciken yiwuwar aikin, tare da haɗin gwiwar SNEL. 

An shirya aikin gyaran gyare-gyare don farawa a farkon 2026, tare da shirye-shiryen kara karfin masana'antar da yawa fiye da yadda take fitarwa a yanzu, da kuma inganta amincin masana'antar. An nada dan kwangila na EPC, [ABC Contracting SA] tare da babban ofishin a Andenne (BE) don aikin. 

Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai samar da ƙarin damar samun makamashi da wutar lantarki ga al'ummomi a Kalemie da yankunan da ke kewaye da tashar wutar lantarki, haɓaka ci gaba a yankin. An shirya gudanar da aikin tashar wutar lantarki, ta hanyar yarjejeniyar haya tare da SNEL, ta kamfanin Kongo Bendera Hydroélectricité SARL [subsidiary ga kamfanin Burtaniya Bendera HPP Ltd]. 

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'''Dam din Kiymbi''' [wanda aka fi sani da Bendera Hydroelectric Powerstation] babban madatsar ruwa ne da kuma tashar wutar lantarki wanda aka buɗe a kan kogin Kiymbi (ko Kyimbi) a shekarar 1959. An yi watsi da shi kuma yana buƙatar gyara. An gudanar da sabbin matakai don gyara madatsar ruwan.

== Kogin Kyimbi ==
Kogin Kyimbi ya samo asali ne daga tsaunin Mugandja a tsawo na {{Convert|6560|ft}} . Ya ƙunshi jerin faduwa a kan nisan kilomita 2 (3.2 , tare da mafi girma 300 zuwa 500 feet (91 zuwa 152  tsawo. Jimlar faduwa a cikin wannan ɓangaren ya wuce {{Convert|2500|ft}} m). {{Sfn|Office du tourisme|1956}} Suna daga cikin mafi girman faduwa a nahiyar Afirka da za a yi amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} A lokacin fari matsakaicin kwararar shine 3 zuwa 10  mita a kowace dakika (110 zuwa 350  ft / s), amma wannan ya tashi zuwa 150 cubic mita da dakika (5,300 cu ft /s) a lokacin ruwan sama.{{Sfn|Barrage de la Kyimbi}}

== Shirye-shiryen ==
A shekara ta 1948 an ruwaito cewa an kafa kamfani don gina tashar wutar lantarki a kan kogin Kyimbi a arewacin [[Lardin Katanga|Katanga]], don samar da Albertville (wanda yanzu ake kira Kalemie). Ana sa ran fara aiki a cikin 1950.{{Sfn|U.S. Dept. of Commerce|1948}} Za a gina shuka a kusa da [[Joel Bendera|Bendera]].{{Sfn|American University|1971}} Wannan kusan kilomita 110 ne (68  daga Albertville.{{Sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954}} Akwai jinkiri. Wani rahoto na 1952 ya ce har yanzu ana shirin ginin.{{Sfn|Electrical Times|1952}} Wani rahoto na 1954 ya bayyana tsarin da aka tsara a matsayin madatsar ruwa mai tsayi mita 14.5 (48  wanda zai samar da ruwa ga raka'a biyar masu samarwa, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin kilowatt 8,250 (11,060 , ko {{Convert|41,250|kW}}  gabaɗaya.{{Sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954}}

Daga ƙarshe Forces de L'Est du Congo (FEC) ne suka gina kuma suka gudanar da shuka, kamfanin da ya fara aiki a 1955 don samar da wutar lantarki ga gabashin Kongo.{{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Ya fara isar da wutar lantarki daga biyu daga cikin turbines biyar da aka tsara a shekarar 1959. {{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Za a shigar da ƙarin turbines kamar yadda ake buƙata don biyan buƙata.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} Masanin gine-gine Eugene Palumbo, wanda [[UNESCO]] ta sanya shi a Kongo, ya tsara birnin sabis na aikin ginin madatsar ruwan.{{Sfn|Fullerton|1964}}

== Dam da tashar wutar lantarki ==
Dam din yana sama da manyan magudanan ruwa na Kiymbi kuma ya ƙunshi murfin kankare na mita 60 (200  a tsawon, tare da tsawo na mita 1,652.2 (5,421 . Ikon madatsar ruwan yana da kimanin mita cubic 75,000 (61 . Ana ɗaukar ruwa daga madatsar ruwan a kwance tare da tashar da aka rufe mita 1,428 (4,685 , ko gallery, zuwa wani batu sama da tashar wutar lantarki. Gidan yana da wani bangare da kankare, tare da faɗin mita 3.5 (11  inda aka jera shi da mita 4.5 (15  inda ba a haɗa shi ba. Gidan ya ƙare  ɗakin da ke da tsawon mita 30 (98  da mita 7 (23 ft) a diamita wanda ke kawar da duk wani yashi da ya fi .03 millimeters (0.0012 in) a diamitar. Ana zubar da yashi zuwa wani kwari zuwa kogi da ke ƙasa.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}}

Daga tanki a ƙarshen de-sander, ana ciyar da ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar tsayi mai tsayi 1,400 mita (4,600  mai tsawo tare da diamita da ke raguwa daga 1.1 zuwa .9 mita (3  in zuwa 2 ft 11 in). Saukowa kusan mita 677 (2,221 . Ruwa yana ba da wutar lantarki kuma ana fitar da shi cikin kogi a ƙarƙashin magudanan ruwa.{{Sfn|Leenders|1960}} Tashar wutar lantarki ta zo kan layi a 1959 tare da janareto 8,250 kilowatt guda biyu, tare da yiwuwar wasu uku na wannan ƙarfin.{{Sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970}} Layin 132 kV ya ɗauki wutar lantarki zuwa Albertville.

== Shirye-shiryen farfadowa ==
[[Fayil:Bendera_HPP_Kyimbi_Dam_1652m.jpg|thumb|Dam din Bendera a kan Kogin Kyimbi a Lardin Tanganyika na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Dam din shine babban wurin da ke cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Bendera Hydroelectric.]]
Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta sami 'yanci a watan Yunin 1960.{{Sfn|Fullerton|1964}} Kamfanin wutar lantarki na jihar, Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL), ya shirya wani binciken gyaran tashar wutar lantarki ta Kiymbi a shekarar 1992.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2005}} Wani rahoto na 2007 da aka shirya don Bankin Duniya ya kimanta gyaran wutar lantarki. Kimanin ƙididdigar farashi daga binciken &quot;bincike&quot; zai zama dala miliyan 52.06 don ƙarfin shigar da MW 43.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007}} Rahoton ya ba da shawarar yin fifiko na ƙarin cikakken bincike.{{Sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007}}

A cikin 2023, wani kamfani na Burtaniya [Dynamis Investment Partners Ltd] ya karɓi shirye-shiryen farfadowa don tashar wutar lantarki ta Bendera kuma a halin yanzu tana gudanar da binciken yiwuwar aikin, tare da haɗin gwiwar SNEL. 

An shirya aikin gyaran gyare-gyare don farawa a farkon 2026, tare da shirye-shiryen kara karfin masana'antar da yawa fiye da yadda take fitarwa a yanzu, da kuma inganta amincin masana'antar. An nada dan kwangila na EPC, [ABC Contracting SA] tare da babban ofishin a Andenne (BE) don aikin. 

Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai samar da ƙarin damar samun makamashi da wutar lantarki ga al'ummomi a Kalemie da yankunan da ke kewaye da tashar wutar lantarki, haɓaka ci gaba a yankin. An shirya gudanar da aikin tashar wutar lantarki, ta hanyar yarjejeniyar haya tare da SNEL, ta kamfanin Kongo Bendera Hydroélectricité SARL [subsidiary ga kamfanin Burtaniya Bendera HPP Ltd]. 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mwadingusha</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1245514507|Mwadingusha Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mwadingusha''', kuma tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 78.3 megawatts a fadin [[Kogin Lufira]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Asalin kasuwanci ne a cikin 1930, an maye gurbin janareto na lantarki guda shida kuma an inganta su daga 11.8 MW kowannensu, zuwa 13.05 MW kowannensa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarni daga 71 MW zuwa 78.3 MW.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gyara da haɓaka tashar wutar lantarki tsakanin 2016 da 2021, an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ivanhoe Mines, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Kanada da Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL), kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na DR Congo.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani bangare na wutar lantarki da aka samar a nan Ivanhoe Mines ne ke amfani da shi a cikin ma'adinin jan ƙarfe na Kamoa-Kakula, kimanin kilomita 250 (155 , kudu maso yammacin Mwadingusha HPP . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=1 September 2018 |title=Mwadingusha hydro plant rehab supports developing world's largest copper find in Africa |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/mwadingusha-hydro-plant-rehab-supports-developing-world-s-largest-copper-find-in-africa/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=HydroReview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; SNEL ce ke ɗaukar ma'aunin wutar lantarki kuma an haɗa shi cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Lufira, a garin Mwadingusha, Yankin Kambove, Lardin Haut-Katanga, a cikin matsanancin kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Mwadingusha tana da nisan kilomita 72 (45  arewa maso gabashin Likasi, babban gari mafi kusa. Wannan kusan kilomita 120 ne (75  a arewacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birnin lardin kuma babban birni mafi kusa.

== Tarihi ==
An fara ba da izinin tashar wutar lantarki ta asali a cikin 1930 ta Société générale africaine d'électricité, Société générale des forces hydroélectriques du Katanga da Union Minière du Haut-Katanga. Babban manufar ita ce isar da makamashi ga bangaren hakar ma'adinai a Katanga. Lines na wutar lantarki na 120 da 50 kV sun haɗa garuruwan hakar ma'adinai Likasi, Kolwezi, [[Lubumbashi]] har ma da Kipushi.

Tsarin asali ya haɗa da janareto shida, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 11.8 MW, don jimlar ƙarfin megawatts 71. Ya zuwa 2016, SNEL tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ivanhoe Mines, ya fara sabunta Mwadingusha HPP, wanda kuma ba shi da haɓakawa tun 1930. Da farko, an gyara janareta ɗaya a lokaci guda kuma an sabunta shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=13 September 2016 |title=Mwadingusha hydropower plant in the DRC is online |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/mwadingusha-hydropower-plant-in-the-drc-is-online/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=HydroReview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mai ba da kayan aikin injiniya na asali shine ''Charmilles'' na Switzerland. A karkashin hulɗar farfadowa a karni na 21, an ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) ga ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi Andritz AG na Austria da Cegelec na Faransa. Cegelec reshe ne na Vinci Energies . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (7 April 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ &quot;DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2016 |title=Energy Into The Jungle |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin kawai hudu daga cikin turbines masu samar da wutar lantarki guda shida ne aka yi niyya don gyarawa. Sabbin Turbines na Francis, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da 13.05 MW, an tsara su kuma an ƙera su a Turai. Har ila yau, aikin ya haɗa da maye gurbin mafi yawan kayan aikin lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki, gami da bawul, masu juyawa, masu sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki, masu motsawa, masu daidaitawa da kayan aiki masu alaƙa.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2016 |title=Energy Into The Jungle |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAndritz_AG2016&quot;&gt;Andritz AG (September 2016). [https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo &quot;Energy Into The Jungle&quot;]. ''[[Andritz AG]]''. Graz, Austria&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayin da aikin ke ci gaba, a cikin 2017, an yanke shawarar maye gurbin dukkan janareto shida da sabbin. A tsawon lokaci, aikin ya fadada har zuwa Satumba 2021, lokacin da duk turbines shida da aka gyara suka cika a lokaci guda tare da grid na SNEL.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (7 April 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ &quot;DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2021 |title=Restoring Renewable Energy: Mwadingusha, Congo DRC |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn35/mwandingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Katende

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mwadingusha''', kuma tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 78.3 megawatts a fadin [[Kogin Lufira]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Asalin kasuwanci ne a cikin 1930, an maye gurbin janareto na lantarki guda shida kuma an inganta su daga 11.8 MW kowannensu, zuwa 13.05 MW kowannensa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarni daga 71 MW zuwa 78.3 MW.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gyara da haɓaka tashar wutar lantarki tsakanin 2016 da 2021, an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ivanhoe Mines, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Kanada da Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL), kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na DR Congo.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani bangare na wutar lantarki da aka samar a nan Ivanhoe Mines ne ke amfani da shi a cikin ma'adinin jan ƙarfe na Kamoa-Kakula, kimanin kilomita 250 (155 , kudu maso yammacin Mwadingusha HPP . &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=1 September 2018 |title=Mwadingusha hydro plant rehab supports developing world's largest copper find in Africa |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/mwadingusha-hydro-plant-rehab-supports-developing-world-s-largest-copper-find-in-africa/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=HydroReview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; SNEL ce ke ɗaukar ma'aunin wutar lantarki kuma an haɗa shi cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Lufira, a garin Mwadingusha, Yankin Kambove, Lardin Haut-Katanga, a cikin matsanancin kudu maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Mwadingusha tana da nisan kilomita 72 (45  arewa maso gabashin Likasi, babban gari mafi kusa. Wannan kusan kilomita 120 ne (75  a arewacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birnin lardin kuma babban birni mafi kusa.

== Tarihi ==
An fara ba da izinin tashar wutar lantarki ta asali a cikin 1930 ta Société générale africaine d'électricité, Société générale des forces hydroélectriques du Katanga da Union Minière du Haut-Katanga. Babban manufar ita ce isar da makamashi ga bangaren hakar ma'adinai a Katanga. Lines na wutar lantarki na 120 da 50 kV sun haɗa garuruwan hakar ma'adinai Likasi, Kolwezi, [[Lubumbashi]] har ma da Kipushi.

Tsarin asali ya haɗa da janareto shida, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 11.8 MW, don jimlar ƙarfin megawatts 71. Ya zuwa 2016, SNEL tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ivanhoe Mines, ya fara sabunta Mwadingusha HPP, wanda kuma ba shi da haɓakawa tun 1930. Da farko, an gyara janareta ɗaya a lokaci guda kuma an sabunta shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gregory Poindexter |date=13 September 2016 |title=Mwadingusha hydropower plant in the DRC is online |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/mwadingusha-hydropower-plant-in-the-drc-is-online/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=HydroReview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mai ba da kayan aikin injiniya na asali shine ''Charmilles'' na Switzerland. A karkashin hulɗar farfadowa a karni na 21, an ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) ga ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi Andritz AG na Austria da Cegelec na Faransa. Cegelec reshe ne na Vinci Energies . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (7 April 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ &quot;DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2016 |title=Energy Into The Jungle |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asalin kawai hudu daga cikin turbines masu samar da wutar lantarki guda shida ne aka yi niyya don gyarawa. Sabbin Turbines na Francis, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da 13.05 MW, an tsara su kuma an ƙera su a Turai. Har ila yau, aikin ya haɗa da maye gurbin mafi yawan kayan aikin lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki, gami da bawul, masu juyawa, masu sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki, masu motsawa, masu daidaitawa da kayan aiki masu alaƙa.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2016 |title=Energy Into The Jungle |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAndritz_AG2016&quot;&gt;Andritz AG (September 2016). [https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo &quot;Energy Into The Jungle&quot;]. ''[[Andritz AG]]''. Graz, Austria&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Yayin da aikin ke ci gaba, a cikin 2017, an yanke shawarar maye gurbin dukkan janareto shida da sabbin. A tsawon lokaci, aikin ya fadada har zuwa Satumba 2021, lokacin da duk turbines shida da aka gyara suka cika a lokaci guda tare da grid na SNEL.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=7 April 2022 |title=DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa |place=Paris, France}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2022&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (7 April 2022). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ &quot;DRC: Andritz and Cegelec relaunch the Mwadingusha hydroelectric plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;8 April&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andritz AG |date=September 2021 |title=Restoring Renewable Energy: Mwadingusha, Congo DRC |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn35/mwandingusha-dr-congo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[Andritz AG]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Katende

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nseke</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1231062396|Nseke Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nseke''' ([[Faransanci]]: Centrale hydroélectrique de Nseke) tashar wutar lantarki ce mai aiki a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|260|MW}} . Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ke sarrafa shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Global Energy Observatory |date=22 December 2011 |title=Nseke Hydroelectric Power Plant, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42627 |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan [[Kogin Lualaba]], a Lardin Lualaba. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 69 ne (43 , arewacin birnin Kolwezi, babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 371 ne (231 , arewa maso yammacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nseke sune: 10°18'15.0&quot;S, 25°24'24.0&quot;E (Latitude:-10.304167; Longitude:25.406667). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An gina wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a shekarar 1956. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi turbines na Janar Electric guda huɗu, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da megawatts 65. Ana haɗa wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin grid na lantarki na ƙasa, ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

Saboda shekarun kayan aikin, an yi ƙoƙari don gyarawa da sabunta kayan aiki da ayyukan a tashar wutar lantarki, don kula da ingancin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=General Electric |date=2000 |title=Reliable Energy To Kickstart The Economy: Remotely Located And Operating At Reduced Capacity |url=https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/stories/nseke-reliable-energy |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=[[General Electric]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=20 March 2009 |title=Alstom to refurbish DR Congo's 260-MW Nseke, Angola's 260-MW Cambambe |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2009/03/20/alstom-to-refurbish-dr-congos-260-mw-nseke-angolas-260-mw-cambambe/ |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Hydro Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Nseke a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1956 don samar da wutar lantarki ga Générale des carrières et des mines (Gécamines) wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na DR Congo, wanda ke da ma'adanai a Lardin Lualaba da kuma Lardin Haut-Katanga da ke kusa. A shekara ta 1974, SNEL, samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa da rarraba sun karɓi mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, biyo bayan Dokar shugaban kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alex Kadiayi |date=February 2013 |title=Overview Of The Electricity Sector In The Democratic Republic Of Congo |url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enerdata |date=21 May 2013 |title=Rising tensions over hydropower plant ownership in Congo DR |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Enerdata}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Columns-list|*[[List of power stations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of hydropower stations in Africa|Africa Power Dams]]
*[[List of hydroelectric power stations|World Power Dams]]|colwidth=22em}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nseke''' ([[Faransanci]]: Centrale hydroélectrique de Nseke) tashar wutar lantarki ce mai aiki a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|260|MW}} . Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ke sarrafa shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Global Energy Observatory |date=22 December 2011 |title=Nseke Hydroelectric Power Plant, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42627 |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan [[Kogin Lualaba]], a Lardin Lualaba. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 69 ne (43 , arewacin birnin Kolwezi, babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 371 ne (231 , arewa maso yammacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nseke sune: 10°18'15.0&quot;S, 25°24'24.0&quot;E (Latitude:-10.304167; Longitude:25.406667). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An gina wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a shekarar 1956. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi turbines na Janar Electric guda huɗu, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da megawatts 65. Ana haɗa wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin grid na lantarki na ƙasa, ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

Saboda shekarun kayan aikin, an yi ƙoƙari don gyarawa da sabunta kayan aiki da ayyukan a tashar wutar lantarki, don kula da ingancin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=General Electric |date=2000 |title=Reliable Energy To Kickstart The Economy: Remotely Located And Operating At Reduced Capacity |url=https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/stories/nseke-reliable-energy |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=[[General Electric]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=20 March 2009 |title=Alstom to refurbish DR Congo's 260-MW Nseke, Angola's 260-MW Cambambe |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2009/03/20/alstom-to-refurbish-dr-congos-260-mw-nseke-angolas-260-mw-cambambe/ |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Hydro Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Nseke a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1956 don samar da wutar lantarki ga Générale des carrières et des mines (Gécamines) wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na DR Congo, wanda ke da ma'adanai a Lardin Lualaba da kuma Lardin Haut-Katanga da ke kusa. A shekara ta 1974, SNEL, samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa da rarraba sun karɓi mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, biyo bayan Dokar shugaban kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alex Kadiayi |date=February 2013 |title=Overview Of The Electricity Sector In The Democratic Republic Of Congo |url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enerdata |date=21 May 2013 |title=Rising tensions over hydropower plant ownership in Congo DR |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |access-date=17 December 2020 |publisher=Enerdata}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Columns-list|*[[List of power stations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of hydropower stations in Africa|Africa Power Dams]]
*[[List of hydroelectric power stations|World Power Dams]]|colwidth=22em}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Nzilo</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>845019</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1231062447|Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Station (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Nzilo) tashar wutar lantarki ce mai aiki a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|100|MW}} . Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ke sarrafa shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Global Energy Observatory |date=22 December 2011 |title=Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Plant, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42626 |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], a Lardin Lualaba, a kudu maso gabashin DR Congo, kusa da iyakar da [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 30 ne (19 , arewacin birnin Kolwezi, babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 282 ne (175 , arewa maso yammacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo sune: 10°29'59.0&quot;S, 25°27'45.0&quot;E (Latitude:-10.499722; Longitude:25.462500). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An gina wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1953. Dam din ya rufe Kogin Kongo don ƙirƙirar [[Tafkin Nzilo]]. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi turbines huɗu, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da megawatts 25. Ana haɗa wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin grid na lantarki na ƙasa, ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

Saboda tsufa na kayan aikin, a lokacin 2014 zuwa 2015, tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo ta sami farfadowa don kula da ingancin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Forrest Group |date=2016 |title=Rehabilitation of Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Station |url=https://forrestgroup.com/en/achievement/nzilo/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[Forrest Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1953 don samar da wutar lantarki ga Glencore, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na [[Switzerland]], wanda ke da ma'adanai a Lardin Lualaba da kuma Lardin Haut-Katanga da ke kusa. A shekara ta 1974, SNEL, samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa da rarraba sun karɓi mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, biyo bayan Dokar shugaban kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alex Kadiayi |date=February 2013 |title=Overview Of The Electricity Sector In The Democratic Republic Of Congo |url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enerdata |date=21 May 2013 |title=Rising tensions over hydropower plant ownership in Congo DR |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Enerdata}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Columns-list|*[[List of power stations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of hydropower stations in Africa|Africa Power Dams]]
*[[List of hydroelectric power stations|World Power Dams]]}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>845020</id>
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        <id>25549</id>
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'''Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Station''' (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Nzilo) tashar wutar lantarki ce mai aiki a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|100|MW}} . Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ke sarrafa shi. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Global Energy Observatory |date=22 December 2011 |title=Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Plant, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42626 |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], a Lardin Lualaba, a kudu maso gabashin DR Congo, kusa da iyakar da [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 30 ne (19 , arewacin birnin Kolwezi, babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 282 ne (175 , arewa maso yammacin [[Lubumbashi]], babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo sune: 10°29'59.0&quot;S, 25°27'45.0&quot;E (Latitude:-10.499722; Longitude:25.462500). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An gina wannan tashar wutar lantarki a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1953. Dam din ya rufe Kogin Kongo don ƙirƙirar [[Tafkin Nzilo]]. Tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi turbines huɗu, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin samar da megawatts 25. Ana haɗa wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin grid na lantarki na ƙasa, ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

Saboda tsufa na kayan aikin, a lokacin 2014 zuwa 2015, tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo ta sami farfadowa don kula da ingancin aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Forrest Group |date=2016 |title=Rehabilitation of Nzilo Hydroelectric Power Station |url=https://forrestgroup.com/en/achievement/nzilo/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[Forrest Group]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Nzilo a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci a 1953 don samar da wutar lantarki ga Glencore, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na [[Switzerland]], wanda ke da ma'adanai a Lardin Lualaba da kuma Lardin Haut-Katanga da ke kusa. A shekara ta 1974, SNEL, samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa da rarraba sun karɓi mallakar tashar wutar lantarki, biyo bayan Dokar shugaban kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Alex Kadiayi |date=February 2013 |title=Overview Of The Electricity Sector In The Democratic Republic Of Congo |url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enerdata |date=21 May 2013 |title=Rising tensions over hydropower plant ownership in Congo DR |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Enerdata}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Columns-list|*[[List of power stations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
*[[List of hydropower stations in Africa|Africa Power Dams]]
*[[List of hydroelectric power stations|World Power Dams]]}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>oneofnnn4ieihu107b9s5o3f8vfbwd5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Piana-Mwanga</title>
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      <id>845021</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:19:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1152917822|Piana–Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station, kuma Mpiana-Mwang Hydroele Electric Power Station, tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|54|MW}}  a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . An fara ba da izinin wutar lantarki a 1933 don yin hidima ga ma'adinin ƙarfe da ke kusa. An rufe ma'adinin a cikin 1982 kuma haka ne tashar wutar lantarki. A cikin 2020, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na ''AVZ Minerals Limited'', ya cimma yarjejeniya don farfado da tashar wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki ga ayyukan hakar ma-adinai a yankin Manono, gami da ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai na lithium a cikin DRC, wanda aka kiyasta tan 120,000,000 (132,277,357) na ma'adinin. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=4 February 2020 |title=DRC: AVZ Minerals to revive old Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Energy |date=30 January 2020 |title=DR Congo: Miner plans to refurbish Piana-Mwanga hydro |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-miner-plans-refurbish-piana-mwanga-hydro |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Africa-Energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Luvua (wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]), a garin ''Piana Mwanga'', a [[Manono, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Manono]]_Territory&quot; id=&quot;mwMw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Manono Territory&quot;&gt;Yankin Manono, a Lardin Tanganyika na [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] . Wannan wurin yana da kusan kilomita 81.5 (51 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin garin Manono, babban birnin yankin. Piana Mwanga tana da nisan kilomita 394 (245 mi), ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin Kalemie, babban birnin lardin Tanganyika. Yanayin ƙasa na Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station shine 07°38'55.0&quot;S, 28°05'36.0&quot;E (Latitude:-7.648611; Longitude:28.093333). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
AVZ Minerals Limited, wanda ke zaune a Ostiraliya yana cikin aiwatar da haɓaka lithium da tin ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', a garin Manono, DRC. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ababen more rayuwa don bunkasa wannan ci gaban, AVZ, ta hanyar reshen ''AVZ Power Limited'' ya amince da hukumomin Kongo don bincika yiwuwar samun Piana-Mwanga HPP da aka watsar, gyara shi da amfani da megawatts 54 da aka samar a can don tallafawa ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a yankin Manono. An ba da izinin binciken yiwuwar, sakamakon haka, zai sanar da waɗancan yanke shawara.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Water Power |date=24 February 2020 |title=AVZ Power to investigate refurb of Mpiana-Mwanga, DRC |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsavz-power-to-investigate-refurb-of-mpiana-mwanga-drc-7787287 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Water Power Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=15 January 2020 |title=AVZ Power signs MOU to refurbish Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric power station in DRC |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/avz-power-signs-mou-to-refurbish-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-power-station-in-drc/#gref |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=HydroRview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran la'akari ==
Lokacin da gyaran ya fara, AVZ Power Limited yana fatan farawa tare da turbines guda biyu tare da damar 9 megawatts kowannensu, don jimlar 18 megawatts. Daga baya, za a maye gurbin dukkan turbines guda shida, don jimlar megawatts 54 na fitarwa. Cibiyar watsawa da rarraba a cikin garin Manono da kuma yankin Manono za su buƙaci gyarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniel Itai |date=16 January 2020 |title=Australia bids to salvage DRC's electricity crisis |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/australia-bids-to-salvage-drcs-electricity-crisis/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=News of the South}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Katende

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station''', kuma Mpiana-Mwang Hydroele Electric Power Station, tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|54|MW}}  a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . An fara ba da izinin wutar lantarki a 1933 don yin hidima ga ma'adinin ƙarfe da ke kusa. An rufe ma'adinin a cikin 1982 kuma haka ne tashar wutar lantarki. A cikin 2020, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na ''AVZ Minerals Limited'', ya cimma yarjejeniya don farfado da tashar wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki ga ayyukan hakar ma-adinai a yankin Manono, gami da ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai na lithium a cikin DRC, wanda aka kiyasta tan 120,000,000 (132,277,357) na ma'adinin. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=4 February 2020 |title=DRC: AVZ Minerals to revive old Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Energy |date=30 January 2020 |title=DR Congo: Miner plans to refurbish Piana-Mwanga hydro |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-miner-plans-refurbish-piana-mwanga-hydro |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Africa-Energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Luvua (wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]), a garin ''Piana Mwanga'', a [[Manono, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Manono]]_Territory&quot; id=&quot;mwMw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Manono Territory&quot;&gt;Yankin Manono, a Lardin Tanganyika na [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] . Wannan wurin yana da kusan kilomita 81.5 (51 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin garin Manono, babban birnin yankin. Piana Mwanga tana da nisan kilomita 394 (245 mi), ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin Kalemie, babban birnin lardin Tanganyika. Yanayin ƙasa na Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station shine 07°38'55.0&quot;S, 28°05'36.0&quot;E (Latitude:-7.648611; Longitude:28.093333). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
AVZ Minerals Limited, wanda ke zaune a Ostiraliya yana cikin aiwatar da haɓaka lithium da tin ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', a garin Manono, DRC. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ababen more rayuwa don bunkasa wannan ci gaban, AVZ, ta hanyar reshen ''AVZ Power Limited'' ya amince da hukumomin Kongo don bincika yiwuwar samun Piana-Mwanga HPP da aka watsar, gyara shi da amfani da megawatts 54 da aka samar a can don tallafawa ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a yankin Manono. An ba da izinin binciken yiwuwar, sakamakon haka, zai sanar da waɗancan yanke shawara.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Water Power |date=24 February 2020 |title=AVZ Power to investigate refurb of Mpiana-Mwanga, DRC |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsavz-power-to-investigate-refurb-of-mpiana-mwanga-drc-7787287 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Water Power Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=15 January 2020 |title=AVZ Power signs MOU to refurbish Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric power station in DRC |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/avz-power-signs-mou-to-refurbish-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-power-station-in-drc/#gref |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=HydroRview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran la'akari ==
Lokacin da gyaran ya fara, AVZ Power Limited yana fatan farawa tare da turbines guda biyu tare da damar 9 megawatts kowannensu, don jimlar 18 megawatts. Daga baya, za a maye gurbin dukkan turbines guda shida, don jimlar megawatts 54 na fitarwa. Cibiyar watsawa da rarraba a cikin garin Manono da kuma yankin Manono za su buƙaci gyarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniel Itai |date=16 January 2020 |title=Australia bids to salvage DRC's electricity crisis |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/australia-bids-to-salvage-drcs-electricity-crisis/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=News of the South}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Katende

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station''', kuma Mpiana-Mwang Hydroele Electric Power Station, tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|54|MW}}  a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . An fara ba da izinin wutar lantarki a 1933 don yin hidima ga ma'adinin ƙarfe da ke kusa. An rufe ma'adinin a cikin 1982 kuma haka ne tashar wutar lantarki. A cikin 2020, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na ''AVZ Minerals Limited'', ya cimma yarjejeniya don farfado da tashar wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki ga ayyukan hakar ma-adinai a yankin Manono, gami da ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'adanai na lithium a cikin DRC, wanda aka kiyasta tan 120,000,000 (132,277,357) na ma'adinin. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=4 February 2020 |title=DRC: AVZ Minerals to revive old Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Energy |date=30 January 2020 |title=DR Congo: Miner plans to refurbish Piana-Mwanga hydro |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-miner-plans-refurbish-piana-mwanga-hydro |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Africa-Energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Luvua (wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]), a garin ''Piana Mwanga'', a [[Manono, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Manono]]_Territory&quot; id=&quot;mwMw&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Manono Territory&quot;&gt;Yankin Manono, a Lardin Tanganyika na [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] . Wannan wurin yana da kusan kilomita 81.5 (51 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin garin Manono, babban birnin yankin. Piana Mwanga tana da nisan kilomita 394 (245 mi), ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin Kalemie, babban birnin lardin Tanganyika. Yanayin ƙasa na Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station shine 07°38'55.0&quot;S, 28°05'36.0&quot;E (Latitude:-7.648611; Longitude:28.093333). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
AVZ Minerals Limited, wanda ke zaune a Ostiraliya yana cikin aiwatar da haɓaka lithium da tin ''Manono-Kitotolo Mine'', a garin Manono, DRC. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ababen more rayuwa don bunkasa wannan ci gaban, AVZ, ta hanyar reshen ''AVZ Power Limited'' ya amince da hukumomin Kongo don bincika yiwuwar samun Piana-Mwanga HPP da aka watsar, gyara shi da amfani da megawatts 54 da aka samar a can don tallafawa ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a yankin Manono. An ba da izinin binciken yiwuwar, sakamakon haka, zai sanar da waɗancan yanke shawara.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Water Power |date=24 February 2020 |title=AVZ Power to investigate refurb of Mpiana-Mwanga, DRC |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsavz-power-to-investigate-refurb-of-mpiana-mwanga-drc-7787287 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Water Power Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=15 January 2020 |title=AVZ Power signs MOU to refurbish Mpiana-Mwanga hydroelectric power station in DRC |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/avz-power-signs-mou-to-refurbish-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-power-station-in-drc/#gref |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=HydroRview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran la'akari ==
Lokacin da gyaran ya fara, AVZ Power Limited yana fatan farawa tare da turbines guda biyu tare da damar 9 megawatts kowannensu, don jimlar 18 megawatts. Daga baya, za a maye gurbin dukkan turbines guda shida, don jimlar megawatts 54 na fitarwa. Cibiyar watsawa da rarraba a cikin garin Manono da kuma yankin Manono za su buƙaci gyarawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniel Itai |date=16 January 2020 |title=Australia bids to salvage DRC's electricity crisis |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/australia-bids-to-salvage-drcs-electricity-crisis/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=News of the South}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Katende

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mutwanga</title>
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    <id>154086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845024</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:21:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1252971123|Mutwanga Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mutwanga''', wanda kuma ake kira Tashar wutar wutar lantarki ta mutwanga, ([[Faransanci]]: Centrale hydroélectrique de Mutwanga) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|9.4|MW}}  a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kusa da ƙauyen '''Mutwanga''', a kan ɗaya daga cikin koguna a cikin Virunga National Park, a Lardin Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Wurin tashar wutar lantarki yana tare da gangaren yammacin tsaunukan Rwenzori, kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da [[Uganda|Jamhuriyar Uganda]]. Mutwanga ya kasance kusan kilomita 290 (180 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], wurin babban birnin lardin.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Mutwanga wani kogi ne, ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki, tare da shigar da ƙarfin 9.4 Megawatts. Yana daya daga cikin ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku da aka shirya don ginawa a Virunga National Park, a Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin DRC. Sauran ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu sune Lubero Hydroelectric Power Station,  da Rutshuru Hydroele Electric Power Station, a halin yanzu ana ginawa. 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Afirka
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:22:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="1447" sha1="2tte2ga226m8vtcdn4xsa265wzmzip9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mutwanga''', wanda kuma ake kira Tashar wutar wutar lantarki ta mutwanga, ([[Faransanci]]: Centrale hydroélectrique de Mutwanga) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|9.4|MW}}  a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kusa da ƙauyen '''Mutwanga''', a kan ɗaya daga cikin koguna a cikin Virunga National Park, a Lardin Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Wurin tashar wutar lantarki yana tare da gangaren yammacin tsaunukan Rwenzori, kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da [[Uganda|Jamhuriyar Uganda]]. Mutwanga ya kasance kusan kilomita 290 (180 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], wurin babban birnin lardin.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Mutwanga wani kogi ne, ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki, tare da shigar da ƙarfin 9.4 Megawatts. Yana daya daga cikin ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku da aka shirya don ginawa a Virunga National Park, a Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin DRC. Sauran ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu sune Lubero Hydroelectric Power Station,  da Rutshuru Hydroele Electric Power Station, a halin yanzu ana ginawa. 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Afirka
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845068</id>
      <parentid>845025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:29:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
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      <text bytes="1836" sha1="el5m3scnlb4qfn8zp68w1b78qnq93tp" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mutwanga''', wanda kuma ake kira Tashar wutar wutar lantarki ta mutwanga, ([[Faransanci]]: Centrale hydroélectrique de Mutwanga) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|9.4|MW}}  a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html  Congo's Mountain Gorilla Park Announces Partnership For Economic Revival]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://wwf.panda.org/?213450/Construction-begins-on-new-Virunga-hydropower-plant Construction Begins On New Virunga Hydropower Plant]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kusa da ƙauyen '''Mutwanga''', a kan ɗaya daga cikin koguna a cikin Virunga National Park, a Lardin Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Wurin tashar wutar lantarki yana tare da gangaren yammacin tsaunukan Rwenzori, kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da [[Uganda|Jamhuriyar Uganda]]. Mutwanga ya kasance kusan kilomita 290 (180 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], wurin babban birnin lardin.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tashar wutar lantarki ta Mutwanga wani kogi ne, ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki, tare da shigar da ƙarfin 9.4 Megawatts. Yana daya daga cikin ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku da aka shirya don ginawa a Virunga National Park, a Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin DRC. Sauran ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu sune Lubero Hydroelectric Power Station,  da Rutshuru Hydroele Electric Power Station, a halin yanzu ana ginawa. 

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Afirka
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rutshuru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845026</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:23:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292549225|Rutshuru Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rutshuru''', wanda kuma ake kira Rutshuru Hydropower Station, (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Rutshuru) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|13.8|MW}}  da ake ginawa a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] .  An gama shuka a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kusa da garin Rutshuru, a Yankin Rutshuru , Lardin Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Wannan wurin yana da tsawo kusan mita 1,600 (5,200 , a kan [[Kogin Rutshuru]], a cikin Dutsen Virunga, kusa da iyakokin kasa da kasa tare da [[Ruwanda|Jamhuriyar Rwanda]] da Jamhuryar Rwanda. Rutshuru ya kasance kusan kilomita 75 (47 , ta hanyar hanya, arewacin [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], wurin babban birnin lardin.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rutshuru wani kogi ne, ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki, tare da tsarin shigarwa na 12.5 Megawatts. Yana daya daga cikin ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku da aka shirya don ginawa a Virunga National Park, a Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin DRC. Sauran ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu sune Lubero Hydroelectric Power Station, da Mutwanga Hydroele Electric Power Station, wanda aka ba da izini a watan Agustan 2013.

== Kudin gini ==
Gidauniyar Howard G Buffett, ƙungiyar agaji ta Amurka, wacce ta ba da tallafin fasaha da na kuɗi tun daga farkon aikin, ta ba da ƙarin dala miliyan 19.7 don kammala tashar Rutshuru Hydropower. Ginin ya fara ne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 kuma ana sa ran yin aiki a shekara ta 2016.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845027</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:23:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="1731" sha1="kxnn028ath7sfcv5wpz8gf31dj244cw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rutshuru''', wanda kuma ake kira Rutshuru Hydropower Station, (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Rutshuru) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|13.8|MW}}  da ake ginawa a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] .  An gama shuka a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2015. 

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kusa da garin Rutshuru, a Yankin Rutshuru , Lardin Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Wannan wurin yana da tsawo kusan mita 1,600 (5,200 , a kan [[Kogin Rutshuru]], a cikin Dutsen Virunga, kusa da iyakokin kasa da kasa tare da [[Ruwanda|Jamhuriyar Rwanda]] da Jamhuryar Rwanda. Rutshuru ya kasance kusan kilomita 75 (47 , ta hanyar hanya, arewacin [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], wurin babban birnin lardin.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Rutshuru wani kogi ne, ƙaramin tashar wutar lantarki, tare da tsarin shigarwa na 12.5 Megawatts. Yana daya daga cikin ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku da aka shirya don ginawa a Virunga National Park, a Arewacin Kivu, a gabashin DRC. Sauran ƙananan tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu sune Lubero Hydroelectric Power Station, da Mutwanga Hydroele Electric Power Station, wanda aka ba da izini a watan Agustan 2013.

== Kudin gini ==
Gidauniyar Howard G Buffett, ƙungiyar agaji ta Amurka, wacce ta ba da tallafin fasaha da na kuɗi tun daga farkon aikin, ta ba da ƙarin dala miliyan 19.7 don kammala tashar Rutshuru Hydropower. Ginin ya fara ne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013 kuma ana sa ran yin aiki a shekara ta 2016.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babban Damin Inga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845028</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:24:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346933645|Grand Inga Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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Grand Inga Dam (Faransanci: Barrage du Grand Inga) jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki ne guda bakwai da aka tsara a shafin yanar gizon Inga Falls, a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Ilunga |date=20 June 2020 |title=DRC Goes on with Grand Inga Dam Project |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/DRC-goes-on-with-Grand-Inga-plan/4552902-5579782-42va4h/index.html |access-date=22 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka gina shi kamar yadda aka tsara, aikin 40-70 GW  &lt;ref name=&quot;50MWR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=David Rogers |date=30 September 2015 |title=Democratic Republic of Congo seeks professionals to build revolutionary Grand Inga Hydro scheme |url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/democratic-republic-co8n8g8o-seeks-professionals/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |publisher=Global Construction Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zama tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;70MWR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa Intelligence |date=11 March 2021 |title=Fortescue in Kinshasa to negotiate Grand Inga mega-contract |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-and-west-africa_business/2021/03/11/fortescue-in-kinshasa-to-negotiate-grand-inga-mega-contract,109649613-ar1 |access-date=19 March 2021 |publisher=Africa Intelligence}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Za a sami aikin a fadin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], kimanin kilomita 150 (93  daga inda kogin ya zubo cikin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kusan kilomita 225 ne (140  kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na DR Congo.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; Wannan shi ne shafin yanar gizon Inga Falls kuma shine wurin 351 MW Inga 1 Hydropower Station da 1,424 MW Inga 2 Hydropower station, kimanin kilomita 40 (25  sama da Matadi, tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |date=22 June 2020 |title=Profile of Inga Falls |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Inga-Falls |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Aikin zai haɗa da gina madatsar ruwa a kudancin kwarin Bundi inda ya haɗu da Kongo, sannan ya karkatar da Kongo daga sama da magudanan ruwa zuwa arewacin kwarin don ƙirƙirar babban tafki. Ana sa ran cewa saukowar tsaye, ƙarar, da saurin ruwa a wannan shafin na iya tallafawa jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin ƙarni daga 4 zuwa 8 GW don jimlar 40 GW don duk hadaddun. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Inga III, tare da ƙarfin 4.8 GW, za ta zama tashar wutar lantarki ce ta farko a cikin jerin da za a gina.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maud Jullien |date=15 November 2013 |title=Can DR Congo's Inga dam project power Africa? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin yanzu yana ba da damar ci gaba mai zaman kansa na tashoshin wutar lantarki daban-daban a cikin jerin, da kuma ci gaban kowane tashar. Kowace daga cikin madatsar ruwa guda bakwai na iya mallakar masu saka hannun jari daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInternational_Rivers2015&quot;&gt;International Rivers (2015). [https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo &quot;Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;]. Oakland, California, United States: [[International Rivers]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kimanin da ya danganci Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya, mai kula da duniya, ya ce mutane miliyan 600 a yankin Saharar Afirka ba su da damar samun wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo &quot;Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track?&quot;]. ''www.bbc.com''. 27 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 January&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An jinkirta aikin shekaru da yawa. A cewar José Ángel González Tausz, shugaban AEE Power akwai dalilai da yawa na hakan: &quot;Ko da aikin yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duk duniya - ba shi da gaskiya. &quot; Yana nufin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin DR Congo, rashin ababen more rayuwa, da ci gaba mai jinkiri. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da [[Tawayen M23 (2012-2013)|rikici]] a gabashin ƙasar da kuma gaskiyar cewa masu saka hannun jari suma suna &quot;tsoro&quot; saboda Grand Inga ba za ta nuna dawowa ba har tsawon shekaru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin kuɗi ==
Jimlar lissafin gini na Grand Inga an lissafa shi ya kai dala biliyan 80. Bankin Duniya, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, da [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka]] sun ba da kudade don yiwuwar nazarin tasirin muhalli. A cikin 2016, Bankin Duniya ya soke goyon bayansa ga Grand Inga Project, amma ya sake la'akari da Inga 3 a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 &quot;World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project&quot;]. ''www.ft.com''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ana sa ran za a bunkasa tashoshin wutar lantarki a matsayin aikin Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInternational_Rivers2015&quot;&gt;International Rivers (2015). [https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo &quot;Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;]. Oakland, California, United States: [[International Rivers]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan ==
A watan Yunin 2020, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta yanke shawarar gabatar da aikin ga shugabannin jihohin yankuna da kuma bincika kasuwa a nahiyar don wutar da aka samar. Sun dauki kungiyar [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] da Sabon Hadin gwiwar Ci gaban Afirka a kokarin da suke yi na gina tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt; Afirka ta Kudu ta nuna shirye-shiryen sayen 2.5 GW na madatsar ruwan. Najeriya tana da sha'awar sayen 3 GW, kuma ma'adanai na Kongo a [[Lardin Katanga]] suna da sha'awa ga 1.3 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot; /&gt; A watan Janairun 2025, a cewar BBC, kamfanin mallakar kasar Sin Three Gorges Corporation ya goyi bayan aikin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Dams din Inga]]
* Jerin manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki a duniya
* Jerin ayyukan makamashi masu sabuntawa da aka tsara
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Grand Inga Dam''' (Faransanci: Barrage du Grand Inga) jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki ne guda bakwai da aka tsara a shafin yanar gizon Inga Falls, a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Ilunga |date=20 June 2020 |title=DRC Goes on with Grand Inga Dam Project |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/DRC-goes-on-with-Grand-Inga-plan/4552902-5579782-42va4h/index.html |access-date=22 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idan aka gina shi kamar yadda aka tsara, aikin 40-70 GW  &lt;ref name=&quot;50MWR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=David Rogers |date=30 September 2015 |title=Democratic Republic of Congo seeks professionals to build revolutionary Grand Inga Hydro scheme |url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/democratic-republic-co8n8g8o-seeks-professionals/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |publisher=Global Construction Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; zai zama tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;70MWR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa Intelligence |date=11 March 2021 |title=Fortescue in Kinshasa to negotiate Grand Inga mega-contract |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-and-west-africa_business/2021/03/11/fortescue-in-kinshasa-to-negotiate-grand-inga-mega-contract,109649613-ar1 |access-date=19 March 2021 |publisher=Africa Intelligence}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Za a sami aikin a fadin [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], kimanin kilomita 150 (93  daga inda kogin ya zubo cikin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan kusan kilomita 225 ne (140  kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma na DR Congo.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; Wannan shi ne shafin yanar gizon Inga Falls kuma shine wurin 351 MW Inga 1 Hydropower Station da 1,424 MW Inga 2 Hydropower station, kimanin kilomita 40 (25  sama da Matadi, tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |date=22 June 2020 |title=Profile of Inga Falls |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Inga-Falls |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Aikin zai haɗa da gina madatsar ruwa a kudancin kwarin Bundi inda ya haɗu da Kongo, sannan ya karkatar da Kongo daga sama da magudanan ruwa zuwa arewacin kwarin don ƙirƙirar babban tafki. Ana sa ran cewa saukowar tsaye, ƙarar, da saurin ruwa a wannan shafin na iya tallafawa jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin ƙarni daga 4 zuwa 8 GW don jimlar 40 GW don duk hadaddun. Tashar wutar lantarki ta Inga III, tare da ƙarfin 4.8 GW, za ta zama tashar wutar lantarki ce ta farko a cikin jerin da za a gina.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maud Jullien |date=15 November 2013 |title=Can DR Congo's Inga dam project power Africa? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsarin yanzu yana ba da damar ci gaba mai zaman kansa na tashoshin wutar lantarki daban-daban a cikin jerin, da kuma ci gaban kowane tashar. Kowace daga cikin madatsar ruwa guda bakwai na iya mallakar masu saka hannun jari daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInternational_Rivers2015&quot;&gt;International Rivers (2015). [https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo &quot;Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;]. Oakland, California, United States: [[International Rivers]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kimanin da ya danganci Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya, mai kula da duniya, ya ce mutane miliyan 600 a yankin Saharar Afirka ba su da damar samun wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo &quot;Grand Inga: Are DR Congo's plans to build the world's largest hydropower dam still on track?&quot;]. ''www.bbc.com''. 27 January 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 January&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An jinkirta aikin shekaru da yawa. A cewar José Ángel González Tausz, shugaban AEE Power akwai dalilai da yawa na hakan: &quot;Ko da aikin yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duk duniya - ba shi da gaskiya. &quot; Yana nufin cin hanci da rashawa a cikin DR Congo, rashin ababen more rayuwa, da ci gaba mai jinkiri. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da [[Tawayen M23 (2012-2013)|rikici]] a gabashin ƙasar da kuma gaskiyar cewa masu saka hannun jari suma suna &quot;tsoro&quot; saboda Grand Inga ba za ta nuna dawowa ba har tsawon shekaru.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin kuɗi ==
Jimlar lissafin gini na Grand Inga an lissafa shi ya kai dala biliyan 80. Bankin Duniya, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, da [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka]] sun ba da kudade don yiwuwar nazarin tasirin muhalli. A cikin 2016, Bankin Duniya ya soke goyon bayansa ga Grand Inga Project, amma ya sake la'akari da Inga 3 a cikin 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 &quot;World Bank 'optimistic' about giant African hydro project&quot;]. ''www.ft.com''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ana sa ran za a bunkasa tashoshin wutar lantarki a matsayin aikin Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Rivers |date=2015 |title=Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |access-date=22 June 2020 |publisher=[[International Rivers]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInternational_Rivers2015&quot;&gt;International Rivers (2015). [https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo &quot;Grand Inga Dam, Democratic Republic of the Congo&quot;]. Oakland, California, United States: [[International Rivers]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 June&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan ==
A watan Yunin 2020, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta yanke shawarar gabatar da aikin ga shugabannin jihohin yankuna da kuma bincika kasuwa a nahiyar don wutar da aka samar. Sun dauki kungiyar [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] da Sabon Hadin gwiwar Ci gaban Afirka a kokarin da suke yi na gina tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt; Afirka ta Kudu ta nuna shirye-shiryen sayen 2.5 GW na madatsar ruwan. Najeriya tana da sha'awar sayen 3 GW, kuma ma'adanai na Kongo a [[Lardin Katanga]] suna da sha'awa ga 1.3 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot; /&gt; A watan Janairun 2025, a cewar BBC, kamfanin mallakar kasar Sin Three Gorges Corporation ya goyi bayan aikin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* [[Dams din Inga]]
* Jerin manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki a duniya
* Jerin ayyukan makamashi masu sabuntawa da aka tsara
* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo II</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351377093|Zongo II Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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''''''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo 2'''''', kuma Zongo 2 Power Station, (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Zongo II) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 150 MW a fadin [[Kogin Inkisi]] wanda ke amfani da makamashi na ''Zongo Falls'' a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Ginin ya fara ne a ranar 14 ga Maris 2012 kuma an kammala shi a cikin 2018. Shugaban DR Congo, Joseph Kabila ne ya kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olivier Kamo |date=11 July 2019 |title=DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study) |url=https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=ZoomEco.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Dam din Zongo II yana cikin ƙauyen Zongo, a Lardin Kongo na Tsakiya, a kudu maso yammacin DR Congo . Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Inkisi, (wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]), kimanin kilomita 78 (48  kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a wannan ƙasar. Wannan kusan kilomita 275 ne (171 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Matadi, a bakin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].

Ma'aunin tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo II shine 04°46'57.0&quot;S, 14°54'22.0&quot;E (Latitude:-4.782500; Longitude:14.906111). 

Zongo II HPP yana zaune a wurin, wanda '''Zongo I Hydroelectric Power Plant''' ya kasance. An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta 75 megawatts tsakanin 1955 da 1965. Ya ƙunshi turbines guda biyar, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin 15 megawatts.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajan Gupta |date=22 December 2011 |title=Profile of Zongo I Hydroelectric Power Station |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42631 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa, fitarwa ya ragu sosai saboda kayan aiki da rashin kulawa, a cikin shekaru 60 na rayuwarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ikon da aka shigar a Zongo II HPP shine megawatts 150. Kamfanin Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ya sayi makamashi da aka samar a nan, don hadewa cikin wutar lantarki ta kasa a karkashin Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki ta dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot; /&gt; Layin watsa wutar lantarki mai karfin 220kV wanda ke auna kilomita 70 (43  yana isar da makamashi daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa tashar SNEL a Kinsuka, a Kinshasa, inda makamashi ya shiga cikin grid na kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=HuatuChina |date=2018 |title=Zongo II Hydropower Station in DRC |url=http://www.huatuchina.com/en/a/p87.html |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Huatuchina.com |place=Chengdu, Sichuan, China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ci gaba, kudade da jadawalin lokaci ==
An ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa, da gini ga Sinohydro, kamfanin injiniya da gine-gine na kasar Sin, a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 360.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Gwamnatin DR Congo ce ta ranta kudaden, daga Bankin Exim na kasar Sin a kashi 2 cikin 100 a kowace shekara, a cikin shekaru 20, tun daga ranar da aka fara aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma an tsara shi ne na tsawon shekaru uku. Koyaya, saboda jinkiri, ya ɗauki shekaru shida don kammala madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki, wanda ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olivier Kamo |date=11 July 2019 |title=DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study) |url=https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=ZoomEco.net}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOlivier_Kamo2019&quot;&gt;Olivier Kamo (11 July 2019). [https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ &quot;DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study)&quot;]. ''ZoomEco.net''. Kinshasa, DRC&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
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'''''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo 2'''''', kuma Zongo 2 Power Station, (Faransa: Centrale hydroélectrique de Zongo II) tashar wutar lantarki ce ta 150 MW a fadin [[Kogin Inkisi]] wanda ke amfani da makamashi na ''Zongo Falls'' a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Ginin ya fara ne a ranar 14 ga Maris 2012 kuma an kammala shi a cikin 2018. Shugaban DR Congo, Joseph Kabila ne ya kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olivier Kamo |date=11 July 2019 |title=DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study) |url=https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=ZoomEco.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Dam din Zongo II yana cikin ƙauyen Zongo, a Lardin Kongo na Tsakiya, a kudu maso yammacin DR Congo . Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen Kogin Inkisi, (wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]]), kimanin kilomita 78 (48  kudu maso yammacin [[Kinshasa]], babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a wannan ƙasar. Wannan kusan kilomita 275 ne (171 , ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Matadi, a bakin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]].

Ma'aunin tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo II shine 04°46'57.0&quot;S, 14°54'22.0&quot;E (Latitude:-4.782500; Longitude:14.906111). 

Zongo II HPP yana zaune a wurin, wanda '''Zongo I Hydroelectric Power Plant''' ya kasance. An gina tashar wutar lantarki ta 75 megawatts tsakanin 1955 da 1965. Ya ƙunshi turbines guda biyar, kowannensu yana da ƙarfin 15 megawatts.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rajan Gupta |date=22 December 2011 |title=Profile of Zongo I Hydroelectric Power Station |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42631 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Global Energy Observatory}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa, fitarwa ya ragu sosai saboda kayan aiki da rashin kulawa, a cikin shekaru 60 na rayuwarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Ikon da aka shigar a Zongo II HPP shine megawatts 150. Kamfanin Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) ne ya sayi makamashi da aka samar a nan, don hadewa cikin wutar lantarki ta kasa a karkashin Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki ta dogon lokaci.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot; /&gt; Layin watsa wutar lantarki mai karfin 220kV wanda ke auna kilomita 70 (43  yana isar da makamashi daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa tashar SNEL a Kinsuka, a Kinshasa, inda makamashi ya shiga cikin grid na kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=HuatuChina |date=2018 |title=Zongo II Hydropower Station in DRC |url=http://www.huatuchina.com/en/a/p87.html |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Huatuchina.com |place=Chengdu, Sichuan, China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ci gaba, kudade da jadawalin lokaci ==
An ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa, da gini ga Sinohydro, kamfanin injiniya da gine-gine na kasar Sin, a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 360.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Gwamnatin DR Congo ce ta ranta kudaden, daga Bankin Exim na kasar Sin a kashi 2 cikin 100 a kowace shekara, a cikin shekaru 20, tun daga ranar da aka fara aiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma an tsara shi ne na tsawon shekaru uku. Koyaya, saboda jinkiri, ya ɗauki shekaru shida don kammala madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki, wanda ya zo kan layi a watan Yunin 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olivier Kamo |date=11 July 2019 |title=DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study) |url=https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=ZoomEco.net}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOlivier_Kamo2019&quot;&gt;Olivier Kamo (11 July 2019). [https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ &quot;DRC: dam Zongo II, a project poorly evaluated technically and financially (study)&quot;]. ''ZoomEco.net''. Kinshasa, DRC&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=3 July 2018 |title=DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Afrik.21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2018&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (3 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ &quot;DRC: Sinohydro has finally completed the Zongo 2 hydroelectric dam&quot;]. ''Afrik.21.africa''. Paris, France. Archived from [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ the original] on 28 June 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 June&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Imboulou</title>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296041050|Imboulou Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Dam din Imboulou''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Kogin Lefini|Kogin Léfini]], a kan iyaka tsakanin Sashen Djoué-Léfini da Sashen Plateaux a [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], kimanin kilomita 300 a arewacin Brazzaville . Shugaba Denis Sassou-Nguesso ne ya kaddamar da shi a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&amp;dep_id=48941&amp;oldaction=liste&amp;regpay_id=0%20&amp;them_id=0&amp;cat_id=4&amp;ss_cat_id=15&amp;LISTE_FROM=0&amp;select_month=05&amp;select_year=2011 « Énergie électrique : le barrage d'Imboulou entre en production »], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 05-09-2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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'''Dam din Imboulou''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan [[Kogin Lefini|Kogin Léfini]], a kan iyaka tsakanin Sashen Djoué-Léfini da Sashen Plateaux a [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], kimanin kilomita 300 a arewacin Brazzaville . Shugaba Denis Sassou-Nguesso ne ya kaddamar da shi a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&amp;dep_id=48941&amp;oldaction=liste&amp;regpay_id=0%20&amp;them_id=0&amp;cat_id=4&amp;ss_cat_id=15&amp;LISTE_FROM=0&amp;select_month=05&amp;select_year=2011 « Énergie électrique : le barrage d'Imboulou entre en production »], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 05-09-2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Liouesso</title>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1095437380|Liouesso Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Liouesso''' ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin {{Convert|19.2|MW}}  a [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki mallakar gwamnati a watan Mayu 2017. Kamfanin China Gezhouba Group ne ya gina shi, aikin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 110 don ginawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin garin Ouesso, a cikin Gundumar Ouesso, cikin Yankin Sangha na Jamhuriyar Kongo . Ouesso yana zaune a kan [[Kogin Sangha]], wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da [[Kamaru]]. Wannan kusan kilomita 829 ne (515 , ta hanyar hanya, arewacin Brazzaville, babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a wannan ƙasar.

Yanayin ƙasa na Liouesso Hydroelectric Power Station shine 1°26'07.0&quot;N, 16°10'42.0&quot;E (Latitude:1.435278; Longitude:16.178333). 

== Tarihi ==
A shekara ta 2006, an ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) ga kamfanin Clackson Power na Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=10 December 2006 |title=Congo Republic awards four hydro project contracts |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-awards-four-hydro-project-contracts/ |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, an sauya kwangilar EPC zuwa Kamfanin China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC). CGGC ta sami damar cimma burin kudi ga wannan tashar wutar lantarki, a watan Janairun 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=27 January 2014 |title=CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2017, an kammala tashar wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Projects Today |date=31 May 2017 |title=Hydroelectric plant inaugurated at Congo Republic |url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Hydroelectric-plant-inaugurated-at-Congo-Republic |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Projectsoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Gidan wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi nau'ikan turbines guda uku na Francis, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 6.4 MW, don samar da ƙarfin 19.2 MW. Ana rarraba makamashi da aka samar a nan zuwa garin Ouesso da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da shi a Gundumar Ouesso, a yankin Sangha.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=27 January 2014 |title=CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2014&quot;&gt;NS Energy (27 January 2014). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ &quot;CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''. Ghaziabad, India&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An bayar da rahoton cewa gina wannan HPP ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 110.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (30 May 2017). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ &quot;Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated&quot;]. ''Hydroreview.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran amintaccen nassoshi sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo ta saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 92. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya kwatanta tushen kudade don tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Power Technology |date=1 June 2017 |title=Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Power-Technology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Tushen Tallafi don Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Liouesso
!Matsayi
!Sunan Mai ba da kuɗi
!Kudin da aka bayar a cikin USD (Millions) 
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo
|{{Center|92.0}}
|{{Center|83.6}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Power Technology |date=1 June 2017 |title=Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Power-Technology.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPower_Technology2017&quot;&gt;Power Technology (1 June 2017). [https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ &quot;Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust&quot;]. ''Power-Technology.com''. New York City&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Sauran Masu Kudi
|{{Center|18.0}}
|{{Center|6.4}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|{{Center|'''110.0'''}}
|{{Center|'''100.00'''}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (30 May 2017). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ &quot;Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated&quot;]. ''Hydroreview.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Gyara ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi tare da CGGC da ENERGAZ, IPP na Kongo, don sake farfado da wannan tashar wutar lantarki, wanda fitarwa ta ragu sosai da kuma fadada cibiyar rarraba wutar lantarki wacce ba a haɗa ta da grid ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=25 May 2022 |title=Congo: CGGC and Energaz Sign PPP for Two 331 MW Hydroelectric Plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/congo-cggc-and-energaz-sign-ppp-for-two-331-mw-hydroelectric-plants/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Interholco |date=8 March 2021 |title=The future has a beautiful energy, says Congolese entrepreneur Vouala Obambi |url=https://www.interholco.com/en/media-news/news/236-the-future-has-a-beautiful-energy-says-congolese-entrepreneur-vouala-obambi |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Interholco.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>tc7ra5boq1u01dt0u8htlhynmufgek2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845035</id>
      <parentid>845034</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845035</origin>
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      <text bytes="7937" sha1="drksm7y54gmme8j8ocy5p7iwp8wd5ql" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Liouesso''' ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin {{Convert|19.2|MW}}  a [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki mallakar gwamnati a watan Mayu 2017. Kamfanin China Gezhouba Group ne ya gina shi, aikin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 110 don ginawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin garin Ouesso, a cikin Gundumar Ouesso, cikin Yankin Sangha na Jamhuriyar Kongo . Ouesso yana zaune a kan [[Kogin Sangha]], wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], kusa da iyakar kasa da kasa da [[Kamaru]]. Wannan kusan kilomita 829 ne (515 , ta hanyar hanya, arewacin Brazzaville, babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a wannan ƙasar.

Yanayin ƙasa na Liouesso Hydroelectric Power Station shine 1°26'07.0&quot;N, 16°10'42.0&quot;E (Latitude:1.435278; Longitude:16.178333). 

== Tarihi ==
A shekara ta 2006, an ba da kwangilar injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) ga kamfanin Clackson Power na Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hydro Review |date=10 December 2006 |title=Congo Republic awards four hydro project contracts |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-awards-four-hydro-project-contracts/ |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, an sauya kwangilar EPC zuwa Kamfanin China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC). CGGC ta sami damar cimma burin kudi ga wannan tashar wutar lantarki, a watan Janairun 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=27 January 2014 |title=CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2017, an kammala tashar wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Projects Today |date=31 May 2017 |title=Hydroelectric plant inaugurated at Congo Republic |url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Hydroelectric-plant-inaugurated-at-Congo-Republic |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Projectsoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Gidan wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi nau'ikan turbines guda uku na Francis, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 6.4 MW, don samar da ƙarfin 19.2 MW. Ana rarraba makamashi da aka samar a nan zuwa garin Ouesso da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da shi a Gundumar Ouesso, a yankin Sangha.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=27 January 2014 |title=CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2014&quot;&gt;NS Energy (27 January 2014). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ &quot;CGGC closes Liouesso Hydropower Station in the Republic of Congo&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''. Ghaziabad, India&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An bayar da rahoton cewa gina wannan HPP ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 110.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (30 May 2017). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ &quot;Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated&quot;]. ''Hydroreview.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran amintaccen nassoshi sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo ta saka hannun jari na dala miliyan 92. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya kwatanta tushen kudade don tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Power Technology |date=1 June 2017 |title=Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Power-Technology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Tushen Tallafi don Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Liouesso
!Matsayi
!Sunan Mai ba da kuɗi
!Kudin da aka bayar a cikin USD (Millions) 
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo
|{{Center|92.0}}
|{{Center|83.6}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Power Technology |date=1 June 2017 |title=Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust |url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Power-Technology.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPower_Technology2017&quot;&gt;Power Technology (1 June 2017). [https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ &quot;Deals this week: Government of Congo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust&quot;]. ''Power-Technology.com''. New York City&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Sauran Masu Kudi
|{{Center|18.0}}
|{{Center|6.4}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|{{Center|'''110.0'''}}
|{{Center|'''100.00'''}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Michael Harris |date=30 May 2017 |title=Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Hydroreview.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMichael_Harris2017&quot;&gt;Michael Harris (30 May 2017). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ &quot;Congo Republic's 19.9-MW Liouesso hydroelectric project inaugurated&quot;]. ''Hydroreview.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;26 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Gyara ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Kongo ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi tare da CGGC da ENERGAZ, IPP na Kongo, don sake farfado da wannan tashar wutar lantarki, wanda fitarwa ta ragu sosai da kuma fadada cibiyar rarraba wutar lantarki wacce ba a haɗa ta da grid ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=25 May 2022 |title=Congo: CGGC and Energaz Sign PPP for Two 331 MW Hydroelectric Plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/congo-cggc-and-energaz-sign-ppp-for-two-331-mw-hydroelectric-plants/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Interholco |date=8 March 2021 |title=The future has a beautiful energy, says Congolese entrepreneur Vouala Obambi |url=https://www.interholco.com/en/media-news/news/236-the-future-has-a-beautiful-energy-says-congolese-entrepreneur-vouala-obambi |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Interholco.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Jamhuriyar Kongo

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>drksm7y54gmme8j8ocy5p7iwp8wd5ql</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Datsar Delta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845036</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354695059|Delta Barrage]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845036</origin>
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[[Fayil:Nile_Barrage.jpg|right|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
Delta Barrage wani madatsar ruwa ne wanda aka gina a hankali daga 1833 zuwa 1862. Manufarta ita ce inganta ban ruwa da kewayawa tare da manyan rassan [[Rosetta]] da Damietta na [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] daga inda suka raba arewacin Alkahira, [[Misra|Misira]]. A farkon aikinsa duk da haka, an gano cewa tushe na tsarin yana da irin wannan mummunan inganci cewa dole ne a watsar da babban manufarsa ta ban ruwa saboda dalilai na tsaro. An lalata barga sosai a matsayin ƙetare kogi ne kawai.

Duk da farkonsa, an gudanar da gwajin farko da gyare-gyare daga baya a cikin shekarun 1880 bayan mamayar Burtaniya a Masar. Wadannan gyare-gyare da ci gaba da kiyaye su za su samar da ainihin manufar barga. Sakamakon gabaɗaya ba zato ba tsammani ba ne kuma mai ban mamaki. Baya ga raguwa mai yawa a farashin ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa, da kuma adana ma'aikata da ake buƙata don buɗe hanyoyin daga laka da aka ajiye, an ninka amfanin auduga sau biyu, kuma an rage farashin da ake buƙatu don haɓaka amfanin gona gabaɗaya a rabi. Wadannan abubuwan da aka haɗu za su motsa buƙatun ƙasar noma wanda ya ga ninki biyu a farashi da buƙatun nan take wanda ba za a iya gamsar da shi ba.

A cikin shekarun 1930, lokacin da aka gabatar da ra'ayin don babbar, mafi girma da kuma karfi, tsohuwar barrage ta sake shiga kuma kuɗin kula da ake buƙata sun kasance masu girma, cewa an ƙaddara gina sabon barrage ya zama mafi yiwuwa. An ba da kwangila ta hanyar tallafin jama'a ga kamfanin Burtaniya na Messrs. McDonald Gibbs &amp; Co. (Injiniyoyi). Ginin sabon [[Mohammed Ali Barrage|Madatsar ruwa ta Mohammed Ali]] ya kasance daga 1936 zuwa 1939. An kaddamar da madatsar ruwan da aka kammala a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1939. Saboda ci gaban fasaha, an gina tushe a cikin ƙarfe da siminti da aka sanya mita da yawa a ƙarƙashin tushen yashi. An kuma yi amfani da dutse daga Aswan don wani ɓangare na jiki. Ayyukan aikin sun kasance babban nasara, wanda ya haifar da ma'aikata dubu goma sha biyu kuma ya kai fam miliyan 2.75. Tsohon Delta Barrage an watsar da shi, kodayake an riƙe shi azaman abin tunawa na tarihi kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman gadar hanya.

Jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka Edwin na Leon ya ba da rahoton cewa jikan [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[Abbas I na Masar|Abbas]] yana shirye ya sadaukar da daya daga cikin pyramids don kammala madatsar ruwan da ba ta da kuɗi, amma wannan ya kauce wa babban farashin, wanda injiniyan ya bayar.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
* Charles Joseph Lambert
* Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant na Bellefonds
* Eugène Mougel
* Colin Scott-Moncrieff

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>rveo9h5zt8d3l2p2x28y87fxr5e08m5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845037</id>
      <parentid>845036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:32:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2682" sha1="fc69cdhkhjjl7jf5qqkl06h5fnbpxus" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Nile_Barrage.jpg|right|thumb|Kogin Nilu]]
Delta Barrage wani madatsar ruwa ne wanda aka gina a hankali daga 1833 zuwa 1862. Manufarta ita ce inganta ban ruwa da kewayawa tare da manyan rassan [[Rosetta]] da Damietta na [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] daga inda suka raba arewacin Alkahira, [[Misra|Misira]]. A farkon aikinsa duk da haka, an gano cewa tushe na tsarin yana da irin wannan mummunan inganci cewa dole ne a watsar da babban manufarsa ta ban ruwa saboda dalilai na tsaro. An lalata barga sosai a matsayin ƙetare kogi ne kawai.

Duk da farkonsa, an gudanar da gwajin farko da gyare-gyare daga baya a cikin shekarun 1880 bayan mamayar Burtaniya a Masar. Wadannan gyare-gyare da ci gaba da kiyaye su za su samar da ainihin manufar barga. Sakamakon gabaɗaya ba zato ba tsammani ba ne kuma mai ban mamaki. Baya ga raguwa mai yawa a farashin ɗaga ruwa don ban ruwa, da kuma adana ma'aikata da ake buƙata don buɗe hanyoyin daga laka da aka ajiye, an ninka amfanin auduga sau biyu, kuma an rage farashin da ake buƙatu don haɓaka amfanin gona gabaɗaya a rabi. Wadannan abubuwan da aka haɗu za su motsa buƙatun ƙasar noma wanda ya ga ninki biyu a farashi da buƙatun nan take wanda ba za a iya gamsar da shi ba.

A cikin shekarun 1930, lokacin da aka gabatar da ra'ayin don babbar, mafi girma da kuma karfi, tsohuwar barrage ta sake shiga kuma kuɗin kula da ake buƙata sun kasance masu girma, cewa an ƙaddara gina sabon barrage ya zama mafi yiwuwa. An ba da kwangila ta hanyar tallafin jama'a ga kamfanin Burtaniya na Messrs. McDonald Gibbs &amp; Co. (Injiniyoyi). Ginin sabon [[Mohammed Ali Barrage|Madatsar ruwa ta Mohammed Ali]] ya kasance daga 1936 zuwa 1939. An kaddamar da madatsar ruwan da aka kammala a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1939. Saboda ci gaban fasaha, an gina tushe a cikin ƙarfe da siminti da aka sanya mita da yawa a ƙarƙashin tushen yashi. An kuma yi amfani da dutse daga Aswan don wani ɓangare na jiki. Ayyukan aikin sun kasance babban nasara, wanda ya haifar da ma'aikata dubu goma sha biyu kuma ya kai fam miliyan 2.75. Tsohon Delta Barrage an watsar da shi, kodayake an riƙe shi azaman abin tunawa na tarihi kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi azaman gadar hanya.

Jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka Edwin na Leon ya ba da rahoton cewa jikan [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] [[Abbas I na Masar|Abbas]] yana shirye ya sadaukar da daya daga cikin pyramids don kammala madatsar ruwan da ba ta da kuɗi, amma wannan ya kauce wa babban farashin, wanda injiniyan ya bayar.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin
* Charles Joseph Lambert
* Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant na Bellefonds
* Eugène Mougel
* Colin Scott-Moncrieff

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bight na Benin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845038</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:35:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333928009|Bight of Benin]]&quot;</comment>
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'''bight na Benin''', ko Bay of Benin, wani bight ne a yankin Gulf of Guinea a yammacin gabar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;Hitchcock, Alfred (1961). Alfred Hitchcock's Haunted Houseful. New York: Random House. p. 83. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-394-81224-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
An sanya sunan Bight of [[Benin]] ne don [[Masarautar Benin]] a [[Najeriya]] ta zamani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bight of Benin {{!}} bay, Atlantic Ocean {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109094314/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |archive-date=2021-11-09 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (Jamhuriyar Benin, tsohon Dahomey, ta ɗauki sunanta daga bight, ba a wata hanya ba.  ) Ya shimfiɗa zuwa gabas na kimanin kilomita 640 (400  daga [[Cape St. Paul]] zuwa Nun na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]].

Haɗin tarihi tare da [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|Cinikin bayi na Atlantic]] ya haifar da yankin da aka sani da Slave Coast . Kamar yadda yake a wasu yankuna da yawa a duk faɗin [[Afirka]], manyan masarautun 'yan asalin ƙasar tare da Bight na Benin sun dogara sosai ga cinikin bayi da aka kafa da daɗewa wanda ya fadada sosai bayan isowar ikon Turai kuma ya zama cinikin duniya tare da [[Turawa ta mallaki Amurka|mulkin mallaka na Amurka]].  Kimanin daga shekarun 1640 ya nuna cewa Benin (Beneh) ta dauki bayi 1200 a shekara. Ƙuntatawa ya sa ya zama da wahala ga yawan bayi su girma har sai sabbin jihohi da hanyoyi daban-daban sun fara karuwar cinikin bayi.

== Bayanan al'adu ==
[[Fayil:Küste_Benin_Hafen_Cotonou.JPG|thumb|265x265px|Yankin tekun Benin tare da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cotonou a bango]]
Bight na Benin yana da doguwar dangantaka da [[Bauta|Bautar]], an san bakin tekun da Slave Coast . Daga 1807 zuwa gaba - bayan da aka haramta cinikin bayi ga 'yan Burtaniya - Royal Navy ta kirkiro Squadron na Yammacin Afirka don murkushewa da murkushe cinikin bayi. Wadannan kokarin sun karu bayan 1833 lokacin da aka haramta cinikin bayi a duk fadin Daular Burtaniya. Wadannan kokarin za su ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1890 kuma sun kashe kudi mai yawa na Burtaniya, kuma Royal Navy daruruwan, idan ba dubban ba, na rayuwar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa daga cututtukan wurare masu zafi.

Tsohon Royal Navy rhyme ya ce:

: ''Ku yi hankali, ku yi hankali ga Bight na Benin, domin kaɗan ne suka fito duk da cewa mutane da yawa sun shiga.''

Bambanci shine:

: ''Ku yi hankali, Bight na Benin: daya ya fito, inda hamsin suka shiga!''

An ce wannan jingle ne na bautar ko shanty na teku game da haɗarin [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] a cikin Bight .  Wani nau'i na uku na ma'aurata shine:

: ''Ku kula da Bight na Benin. Akwai daya da ya fito arba'in ya shiga.'' &quot;

A cikin littafin R. Austin Freeman na 1927 A Certain Dr. Thorndyke, Babi na II, &quot;The Legatee,&quot; an ambaci wannan wurin. Yanayin shine mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a [[Afirka]] inda halin Larkom ya tambaya, &quot;Yaya tsoffin masu jirgin ruwa ke gudana? Kuna tuna da shi. 'Oh, Bight of Benin, Bight na Benin, Ɗaya ya fito inda uku suka shiga.'&quot; Rayuwar rayuwa ba ta da tsawo a wannan yankin saboda yaduwar zazzabin Blackwater.

Marubucin [[Philip McCutchan]] ya rubuta wani littafi mai taken ''Ku kula, ku kula da Bight na Benin.''

Wani ɗan [[gajeren labari]] na Elizabeth Coatsworth, &quot;The Forgotten Island&quot; (1942), yana magana ne game da dukiya daga Benin. An kuma ambaci bambancin rhyme.

[[Flash For Freedom!|Flash Don 'Yanci!]] , littafin George MacDonald Fraser's na 1971 mai ban sha'awa game da abubuwan da suka faru na Harry Flashman a cikin - a tsakanin sauran wurare da yanayi - gidan Ingilishi mai daraja, cinikin bayi na 1840, rayuwar shuka ta antebellum, da ganawa da wakilin jam'iyyar [[Abraham Lincoln|Ibrahim Lincoln]], ya nakalto wani bambancin ma'anar:

''Oh, mai aikin jirgin ruwa ya kula da Bight o' Benin.''

''Akwai daya kamar yadda ya fito don ɗari ya shiga.''

A cikin littafin Patrick O'Brian mai suna The ''Commodore'' (1996), Dokta Maturin ya karanta waƙar lokacin da ya koyi inda jirginsa yake. Commodore Aubrey ya bincika shi, yana gaya masa cewa mummunan sa'a ne a faɗi hakan da ƙarfi a kan hanyar shiga.

Har ila yau, an nakalto rhyme a wani ɓangare a cikin babi na Context (6) na littafin John Brunner na 1968 Stand on Zanzibar . An ambaci Bight of Benin (kazalika da jamhuriya ta Beninia) a cikin littafin.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1852, Birtaniya ta kafa Bight of Benin British protectorate, a karkashin ikon Consuls of the Bight of Benín: Jamhuriyar Benin da Bight ofenin an sanya musu suna bayan [[Masarautar Benin]] da ke fadada zuwa gabas daga Cape St. Paul zuwa Nun na Kogin Neja.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
!Kalmar nan
!Tsaro
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Mayu 1852 - 1853
|Louis Fraser
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1853 - Afrilu 1859
|Benjamin Campbell
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Afrilu 1859 - 1860
|George Brand
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1860 - Janairu 1861
|Henry Hand
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Janairu 1861 - Mayu 1861
|Henry Grant Foote
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Mayu 1861 - 6 Agusta 1861
|William McCoskry (aiki) 
|}
A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1861, an haɗa Bight of Biafra da Bight of Benin a matsayin mai karewa na Burtaniya, wanda a ƙarshe za a haɗa shi cikin Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845039</id>
      <parentid>845038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:35:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <origin>845039</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5385" sha1="5n73bamex81j1tiq4q5h9z8h6k3k9vw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''bight na Benin''', ko Bay of Benin, wani bight ne a yankin Gulf of Guinea a yammacin gabar Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;Hitchcock, Alfred (1961). Alfred Hitchcock's Haunted Houseful. New York: Random House. p. 83. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-394-81224-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayin ƙasa ==
An sanya sunan Bight of [[Benin]] ne don [[Masarautar Benin]] a [[Najeriya]] ta zamani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bight of Benin {{!}} bay, Atlantic Ocean {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109094314/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin |archive-date=2021-11-09 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (Jamhuriyar Benin, tsohon Dahomey, ta ɗauki sunanta daga bight, ba a wata hanya ba.  ) Ya shimfiɗa zuwa gabas na kimanin kilomita 640 (400  daga [[Cape St. Paul]] zuwa Nun na [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]].

Haɗin tarihi tare da [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|Cinikin bayi na Atlantic]] ya haifar da yankin da aka sani da Slave Coast . Kamar yadda yake a wasu yankuna da yawa a duk faɗin [[Afirka]], manyan masarautun 'yan asalin ƙasar tare da Bight na Benin sun dogara sosai ga cinikin bayi da aka kafa da daɗewa wanda ya fadada sosai bayan isowar ikon Turai kuma ya zama cinikin duniya tare da [[Turawa ta mallaki Amurka|mulkin mallaka na Amurka]].  Kimanin daga shekarun 1640 ya nuna cewa Benin (Beneh) ta dauki bayi 1200 a shekara. Ƙuntatawa ya sa ya zama da wahala ga yawan bayi su girma har sai sabbin jihohi da hanyoyi daban-daban sun fara karuwar cinikin bayi.

== Bayanan al'adu ==
[[Fayil:Küste_Benin_Hafen_Cotonou.JPG|thumb|265x265px|Yankin tekun Benin tare da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cotonou a bango]]
Bight na Benin yana da doguwar dangantaka da [[Bauta|Bautar]], an san bakin tekun da Slave Coast . Daga 1807 zuwa gaba - bayan da aka haramta cinikin bayi ga 'yan Burtaniya - Royal Navy ta kirkiro Squadron na Yammacin Afirka don murkushewa da murkushe cinikin bayi. Wadannan kokarin sun karu bayan 1833 lokacin da aka haramta cinikin bayi a duk fadin Daular Burtaniya. Wadannan kokarin za su ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 1890 kuma sun kashe kudi mai yawa na Burtaniya, kuma Royal Navy daruruwan, idan ba dubban ba, na rayuwar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa daga cututtukan wurare masu zafi.

Tsohon Royal Navy rhyme ya ce:

: ''Ku yi hankali, ku yi hankali ga Bight na Benin, domin kaɗan ne suka fito duk da cewa mutane da yawa sun shiga.''

Bambanci shine:

: ''Ku yi hankali, Bight na Benin: daya ya fito, inda hamsin suka shiga!''

An ce wannan jingle ne na bautar ko shanty na teku game da haɗarin [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] a cikin Bight .  Wani nau'i na uku na ma'aurata shine:

: ''Ku kula da Bight na Benin. Akwai daya da ya fito arba'in ya shiga.'' &quot;

A cikin littafin R. Austin Freeman na 1927 A Certain Dr. Thorndyke, Babi na II, &quot;The Legatee,&quot; an ambaci wannan wurin. Yanayin shine mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a [[Afirka]] inda halin Larkom ya tambaya, &quot;Yaya tsoffin masu jirgin ruwa ke gudana? Kuna tuna da shi. 'Oh, Bight of Benin, Bight na Benin, Ɗaya ya fito inda uku suka shiga.'&quot; Rayuwar rayuwa ba ta da tsawo a wannan yankin saboda yaduwar zazzabin Blackwater.

Marubucin [[Philip McCutchan]] ya rubuta wani littafi mai taken ''Ku kula, ku kula da Bight na Benin.''

Wani ɗan [[gajeren labari]] na Elizabeth Coatsworth, &quot;The Forgotten Island&quot; (1942), yana magana ne game da dukiya daga Benin. An kuma ambaci bambancin rhyme.

[[Flash For Freedom!|Flash Don 'Yanci!]] , littafin George MacDonald Fraser's na 1971 mai ban sha'awa game da abubuwan da suka faru na Harry Flashman a cikin - a tsakanin sauran wurare da yanayi - gidan Ingilishi mai daraja, cinikin bayi na 1840, rayuwar shuka ta antebellum, da ganawa da wakilin jam'iyyar [[Abraham Lincoln|Ibrahim Lincoln]], ya nakalto wani bambancin ma'anar:

''Oh, mai aikin jirgin ruwa ya kula da Bight o' Benin.''

''Akwai daya kamar yadda ya fito don ɗari ya shiga.''

A cikin littafin Patrick O'Brian mai suna The ''Commodore'' (1996), Dokta Maturin ya karanta waƙar lokacin da ya koyi inda jirginsa yake. Commodore Aubrey ya bincika shi, yana gaya masa cewa mummunan sa'a ne a faɗi hakan da ƙarfi a kan hanyar shiga.

Har ila yau, an nakalto rhyme a wani ɓangare a cikin babi na Context (6) na littafin John Brunner na 1968 Stand on Zanzibar . An ambaci Bight of Benin (kazalika da jamhuriya ta Beninia) a cikin littafin.

== Tarihi ==
A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1852, Birtaniya ta kafa Bight of Benin British protectorate, a karkashin ikon Consuls of the Bight of Benín: Jamhuriyar Benin da Bight ofenin an sanya musu suna bayan [[Masarautar Benin]] da ke fadada zuwa gabas daga Cape St. Paul zuwa Nun na Kogin Neja.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
!Kalmar nan
!Tsaro
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Mayu 1852 - 1853
|Louis Fraser
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1853 - Afrilu 1859
|Benjamin Campbell
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Afrilu 1859 - 1860
|George Brand
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|1860 - Janairu 1861
|Henry Hand
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Janairu 1861 - Mayu 1861
|Henry Grant Foote
|- align=&quot;center&quot;
|Mayu 1861 - 6 Agusta 1861
|William McCoskry (aiki) 
|}
A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1861, an haɗa Bight of Biafra da Bight of Benin a matsayin mai karewa na Burtaniya, wanda a ƙarshe za a haɗa shi cikin Najeriya.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845040</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:37:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1042018806|Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="650" sha1="8ce61zl672k7a7d4qtex7dnuymdjsf2" xml:space="preserve">'''Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant''' wani ci gaba ne na samar da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu a ci gaba tare da shirin jimlar 2400MWp. Tana cikin [[Suez]], [[Misra|Misira]] kuma an shirya kammala ta a 2024.

== Tasirin kudi ==
Bankin Exim na kasar Sin ya amince da samar da $ 2.6b don aikin kuma ana tattauna yarjejeniyar kan kudaden shiga, lokacin biyan bashin da lokacin alheri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant, Egypt |url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/attaqa-mountain-pumped-storage-power-plant/ |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=www.power-technology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845041</id>
      <parentid>845040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:37:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="663" sha1="93dvk140ler51qv7toyqnttu4dr2st2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant''' wani ci gaba ne na samar da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu a ci gaba tare da shirin jimlar 2400MWp. Tana cikin [[Suez]], [[Misra|Misira]] kuma an shirya kammala ta a 2024.

== Tasirin kudi ==
Bankin Exim na kasar Sin ya amince da samar da $ 2.6b don aikin kuma ana tattauna yarjejeniyar kan kudaden shiga, lokacin biyan bashin da lokacin alheri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant, Egypt |url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/attaqa-mountain-pumped-storage-power-plant/ |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=www.power-technology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Djibloho Dam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154095</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845042</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:38:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333578201|Djibloho Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845042</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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'''Djibloho Dam''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Wele kusa da Djibloloho a Wele-Nzas, [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] . Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki kuma tana tallafawa tashar wutar lantarki ta {{Convert|120|MW}} , tana ba da wutar lantarki ga babban birnin Ciudad de la Paz .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=Mines Minister visits the site of Djibloho |url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802161005/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |website=guineaecuatorialpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ginin a kan aikin ya fara ne a shekara ta 2008 kuma an kaddamar da shi a watan Oktoba 2012. Ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a kasar. Yawancin kuɗin aikin sun sami kuɗin gwamnati mai karɓar bakuncin amma wasu kudade sun ba da su. Sinohydro ta gina madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-africa-w.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=IndustCards}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea, Djiploho Hydropower Plant |url=http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&amp;c=index&amp;a=show&amp;catid=42&amp;id=130 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325223006/http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&amp;c=index&amp;a=show&amp;catid=42&amp;id=130 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=Sinohydro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845043</id>
      <parentid>845042</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:39:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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'''Djibloho Dam''' madatsar ruwa ce a kan Kogin Wele kusa da Djibloloho a Wele-Nzas, [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] . Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da wutar lantarki kuma tana tallafawa tashar wutar lantarki ta {{Convert|120|MW}} , tana ba da wutar lantarki ga babban birnin Ciudad de la Paz .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=Mines Minister visits the site of Djibloho |url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802161005/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |website=guineaecuatorialpress.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ginin a kan aikin ya fara ne a shekara ta 2008 kuma an kaddamar da shi a watan Oktoba 2012. Ita ce tashar wutar lantarki mafi girma a kasar. Yawancin kuɗin aikin sun sami kuɗin gwamnati mai karɓar bakuncin amma wasu kudade sun ba da su. Sinohydro ta gina madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-africa-w.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=IndustCards}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea, Djiploho Hydropower Plant |url=http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&amp;c=index&amp;a=show&amp;catid=42&amp;id=130 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325223006/http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&amp;c=index&amp;a=show&amp;catid=42&amp;id=130 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=25 March 2014 |publisher=Sinohydro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sendje</title>
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        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1285441755|Sendje Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sendje''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|200|MW}}  da ake ginawa a [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]]. Gwamnatin Equatorial Guinea ce ke ci gaba da tashar wutar lantarki, tare da kudaden da aka aro daga Bankin Ci Gaban Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya (BDEAC). injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) dan kwangila don wannan aikin shine ''Duglas Alliance'', kamfanin injiniya da gine-gine na Ukraine.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Mulyungi |date=14 August 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea receives financial support for its Sendje hydroelectric power plant project |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/equatorial-guinea-receives-financial-support-for-its-sendje-hydroelectric-power-plant-project/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Construction Review Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin ƙauyen Sendje (Senye), a fadin ''Kogin Weller'', kimanin kilomita 40 (25  kudu maso gabashin birnin Bata, a kan ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An tsara tashar wutar lantarki tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarni na 200 megawatts, wanda aka samo daga turbines na Alstom guda huɗu, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 50 megawatts. Lokacin da yake aiki sosai, za a rarraba wutar lantarki ga manyan cibiyoyin birane a cikin ƙasa, gami da Bata, Mbini, Kogo, Añisok, Mongomo da Ebebiyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; Wannan tashar wutar lantarki tare da 120 megawatts Djibloho Hydroelectric Power Station, sun samar da &quot;ƙashin baya&quot; na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. Benner |date=2019 |title=Construction of the Sendje hydro project in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/articles/construction-of-the-sendje-hydro-project-in-the-republic-of-equatorial-guinea/ |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=International Journal On Hydropower &amp; Dams}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An bayar da rahoton kasafin kudin gini ya kai Yuro miliyan 467 (US $ 531 miliyan). Gwamnatin Equatorial Guinea ce ta biya kudin, tare da wani bangare na kudade a matsayin rancen Yuro miliyan 122 (miliyan 137), wanda BDEAC ta bayar. Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma ana sa ran kammala shi a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInès_Magoum2021&quot;&gt;Inès Magoum (30 June 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ &quot;Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 January&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fa'idodi ==
Lokacin da yake aiki sosai, wannan tashar wutar lantarki za ta kara karfin ƙarni na ƙasa zuwa 590 megawatts. Zai kara 1,042 GWh ga fitar da wutar lantarki na kasa, a cikin hanyar &quot;makamashi mai sabuntawa mai tsabta&quot;, kara samun damar samun wutar lantarki, rage farashin wutar lantarki a kasar da inganta ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInès_Magoum2021&quot;&gt;Inès Magoum (30 June 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ &quot;Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 January&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Equatorial Guinea

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Sendje''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta {{Convert|200|MW}}  da ake ginawa a [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]]. Gwamnatin Equatorial Guinea ce ke ci gaba da tashar wutar lantarki, tare da kudaden da aka aro daga Bankin Ci Gaban Kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya (BDEAC). injiniya, sayarwa da gini (EPC) dan kwangila don wannan aikin shine ''Duglas Alliance'', kamfanin injiniya da gine-gine na Ukraine.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Patrick Mulyungi |date=14 August 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea receives financial support for its Sendje hydroelectric power plant project |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/equatorial-guinea-receives-financial-support-for-its-sendje-hydroelectric-power-plant-project/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Construction Review Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana cikin ƙauyen Sendje (Senye), a fadin ''Kogin Weller'', kimanin kilomita 40 (25  kudu maso gabashin birnin Bata, a kan ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
An tsara tashar wutar lantarki tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarni na 200 megawatts, wanda aka samo daga turbines na Alstom guda huɗu, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 50 megawatts. Lokacin da yake aiki sosai, za a rarraba wutar lantarki ga manyan cibiyoyin birane a cikin ƙasa, gami da Bata, Mbini, Kogo, Añisok, Mongomo da Ebebiyin.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt; Wannan tashar wutar lantarki tare da 120 megawatts Djibloho Hydroelectric Power Station, sun samar da &quot;ƙashin baya&quot; na ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. Benner |date=2019 |title=Construction of the Sendje hydro project in the Republic of Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/articles/construction-of-the-sendje-hydro-project-in-the-republic-of-equatorial-guinea/ |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=International Journal On Hydropower &amp; Dams}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An bayar da rahoton kasafin kudin gini ya kai Yuro miliyan 467 (US $ 531 miliyan). Gwamnatin Equatorial Guinea ce ta biya kudin, tare da wani bangare na kudade a matsayin rancen Yuro miliyan 122 (miliyan 137), wanda BDEAC ta bayar. Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma ana sa ran kammala shi a shekarar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInès_Magoum2021&quot;&gt;Inès Magoum (30 June 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ &quot;Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 January&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fa'idodi ==
Lokacin da yake aiki sosai, wannan tashar wutar lantarki za ta kara karfin ƙarni na ƙasa zuwa 590 megawatts. Zai kara 1,042 GWh ga fitar da wutar lantarki na kasa, a cikin hanyar &quot;makamashi mai sabuntawa mai tsabta&quot;, kara samun damar samun wutar lantarki, rage farashin wutar lantarki a kasar da inganta ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Inès Magoum |date=30 June 2021 |title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFInès_Magoum2021&quot;&gt;Inès Magoum (30 June 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ &quot;Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC lends €122 million for Sendje hydropower plant&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 January&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Equatorial Guinea

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Fincha</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1279663753|Fincha Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Fayil:Fincha_Amerti_Neshe_Hydro_Power_Plant.jpg|alt=Fincha Amerti Neshe Hydro Power Plant|thumb|Fincha Amerti Neshe Hydro Power Plant]]
'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Fincha''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa da ke ciyarwa ta hanyar [[Chomen Lake|Tafkin Chomen]] kuma tana fitowa cikin Kogin Fincha a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kusa da garin Fincha a yammacin Oromia . Yana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na {{Convert|100|MW}} , isasshen wattage don samar da wutar wutar lantarki sama da gidaje 66,900.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2008-07-25 |title=Fincha Power Station |language= |publisher=www.bioone.org |doi=10.1659/mrd.0811 |s2cid=129184446 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Makamashi a Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
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        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="732" sha1="7zx0ww43jhfyivicl211h0u6wao630u" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Fincha_Amerti_Neshe_Hydro_Power_Plant.jpg|alt=Fincha Amerti Neshe Hydro Power Plant|thumb|Fincha Amerti Neshe Hydro Power Plant]]
'''Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Fincha''' tashar wutar lantarki ce ta ruwa da ke ciyarwa ta hanyar [[Chomen Lake|Tafkin Chomen]] kuma tana fitowa cikin Kogin Fincha a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kusa da garin Fincha a yammacin Oromia . Yana da ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na {{Convert|100|MW}} , isasshen wattage don samar da wutar wutar lantarki sama da gidaje 66,900.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2008-07-25 |title=Fincha Power Station |language= |publisher=www.bioone.org |doi=10.1659/mrd.0811 |s2cid=129184446 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Makamashi a Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe II</title>
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        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356676535|Gilgel Gibe II Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe II''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a kan [[Kogin Omo]] a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana kusa da {{Convert|80|km|mi}} (50  gabashin Jimma a Yankin Oromia . Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga ƙofar rami 7°55′27′′N 37°23′16′′E / 7.92417°N 37.38778°E / 7. 92417; 37.3877 8 (Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entry) a kan [[Kogin Gilgel Gibe]]. Yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 420 MW kuma an kaddamar da shi a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010. Kusan makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi, wani ɓangare na ramin tseren kai ya rushe, wanda ya sa tashar ta rufe. An kammala gyaran ne a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.

== Tsarin ==
Gilgel Gibe II ya ƙunshi tashar wutar lantarki a kan Kogin Omo wanda aka ciyar da shi da ruwa daga ramin kai da Ƙofar ƙofar a kan Koginsa Gilgel Gibe. Ramin headrace yana gudana {{Convert|26|km|mi}} (16  a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Fofa kuma a ƙarshen sa, yana canzawa zuwa penstock tare da saukowa {{Convert|500|m|ft}} m (1,600 . &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da ruwa ya kai tashar wutar lantarki, yana ba da wutar lantarki ta Pelton guda huɗu waɗanda ke aiki da janareto na 107 MW guda huɗu. Kowane turbine yana da {{Convert|3.5|m|ft}}   a diamita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pelton turbine design of Gilgel Gibe II |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Assignments/EthiopiaPeltons.pdf |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Voith Siemens}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
Ginin a kan tashar wutar lantarki ya fara ne a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2005, tare da Salini Costruttori a matsayin babban dan kwangila. &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko an shirya kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ƙarshen 2007 amma an jinkirta shi saboda matsalolin injiniya yayin gini. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, an ba da kwangilar tono ramin ga [[SELI]] kuma a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006, na'urar ramin (TBM) ta yi kuskure, ta jinkirta aikin. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2009, duka TBMs sun hadu da juna kuma ramin ya shirya don gwajin hydraulic a wannan Satumba. An &quot;an dauke ramin daya daga cikin ayyukan ramin da suka fi wuya da aka taba yi, saboda mahimman bayanai, kuma a wasu wurare, mummunan yanayi, yanayin ƙasa. &quot;  An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2010 |title=Collapse of headrace tunnel after grand opening |url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |archive-date=20 September 2012 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Tunnel Talk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2010 |title=Ethiopia: Did the rush to complete Gilgel Gibe II for the election result in its collapse? |url=http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203114653/http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |archive-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Gadaa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rushewar ramin da gyaran ===
Kimanin kwanaki goma bayan an kammala aikin, kimanin mita {{Convert|15|m|ft}} (49  na ramin {{Convert|26|km|mi}} km (16  ya rushe. Rugujewar na iya kasancewa ga gazawar tsarin da aka haifar da saurin gini da rashin karatun da ya dace. Sanarwar hukuma ta kamfanin gine-gine Salini Costruttori, wanda aka saki makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi a hukumance ita ce &quot;wani abin da ba a tsammani na ilimin ƙasa ya haifar da ' kogo a cikin' da babban dutse da ya shafi kimanin 15m na ramin 26km. &quot;   An gyara ramin kuma tashar ta sake aiki a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;oct&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2010 |title=Ethiopia to Export Power to Sudan Beginning October |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&amp;catid=13:headlines&amp;Itemid=19 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Ethiopian Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2010 |title=Gilgel Gibe II resumes operation |url=http://ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=ERTA News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuɗi ==
A shekara ta 2004, Gwamnatin Habasha ta sami Yuro miliyan 220 daga Gwamnatin Italiya don ginawa. Jimlar kudin ginin ya kai Yuro miliyan 373 tare da Yuro miliyan 50 da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya bayar, da sauran Yuro miliyan 103 daga Gwamnatin Habasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 &quot;Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project&quot;]. Italian Development Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 the original] on 20 March 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 September&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rikici ==
Kudin tashar wutar lantarki ya kasance mai kawo rigima a cikin gwamnatin Italiya. An ba da shi duk da rashin amincewar da Babban Darakta na Haɗin gwiwar Ci Gaban Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki da Kudi suka gabatar. Sun yi jayayya da rancen saboda an ba da kwangilar ba tare da yin gasa ba a karya dokar Italiya, saboda girmansa mai yawa yana nufin cewa an sami karancin kudade don wasu ayyukan ci gaba, ba a haɗa farashin kimanta tasirin muhalli na saka idanu ba, aikin bai dace da kasuwanci ba saboda ƙananan farashin wutar lantarki a Habasha kuma saboda bai dace ba don ɗaukar nauyin irin wannan ƙasa mara kyau tare da ƙarin bashi a lokacin da ta karɓi taimakon bashi daga Italiya. Har ila yau, akwai tambayoyin majalisa game da aikin wanda Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje, Luigi Mantica ya bar ba tare da amsawa ba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2006 Ofishin Masu gabatar da kara a Roma ya gabatar da aikata laifuka game da aikin wutar lantarki na Gilgel Gibe II. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=The Gilgel Gibe Affair: An analysis of the Gilbel Gibe hydroelectric projects in Ethiopia |url=http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072315/http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 |access-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=CRBM - Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondial / CEE Bankwatch Networ |pages=14–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Makamashi a Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe II''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a kan [[Kogin Omo]] a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana kusa da {{Convert|80|km|mi}} (50  gabashin Jimma a Yankin Oromia . Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga ƙofar rami 7°55′27′′N 37°23′16′′E / 7.92417°N 37.38778°E / 7. 92417; 37.3877 8 (Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entry) a kan [[Kogin Gilgel Gibe]]. Yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 420 MW kuma an kaddamar da shi a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010. Kusan makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi, wani ɓangare na ramin tseren kai ya rushe, wanda ya sa tashar ta rufe. An kammala gyaran ne a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.

== Tsarin ==
Gilgel Gibe II ya ƙunshi tashar wutar lantarki a kan Kogin Omo wanda aka ciyar da shi da ruwa daga ramin kai da Ƙofar ƙofar a kan Koginsa Gilgel Gibe. Ramin headrace yana gudana {{Convert|26|km|mi}} (16  a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Fofa kuma a ƙarshen sa, yana canzawa zuwa penstock tare da saukowa {{Convert|500|m|ft}} m (1,600 . &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da ruwa ya kai tashar wutar lantarki, yana ba da wutar lantarki ta Pelton guda huɗu waɗanda ke aiki da janareto na 107 MW guda huɗu. Kowane turbine yana da {{Convert|3.5|m|ft}}   a diamita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pelton turbine design of Gilgel Gibe II |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Assignments/EthiopiaPeltons.pdf |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Voith Siemens}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
Ginin a kan tashar wutar lantarki ya fara ne a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2005, tare da Salini Costruttori a matsayin babban dan kwangila. &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko an shirya kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ƙarshen 2007 amma an jinkirta shi saboda matsalolin injiniya yayin gini. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, an ba da kwangilar tono ramin ga [[SELI]] kuma a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006, na'urar ramin (TBM) ta yi kuskure, ta jinkirta aikin. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2009, duka TBMs sun hadu da juna kuma ramin ya shirya don gwajin hydraulic a wannan Satumba. An &quot;an dauke ramin daya daga cikin ayyukan ramin da suka fi wuya da aka taba yi, saboda mahimman bayanai, kuma a wasu wurare, mummunan yanayi, yanayin ƙasa. &quot;  An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2010 |title=Collapse of headrace tunnel after grand opening |url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |archive-date=20 September 2012 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Tunnel Talk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2010 |title=Ethiopia: Did the rush to complete Gilgel Gibe II for the election result in its collapse? |url=http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203114653/http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |archive-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Gadaa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rushewar ramin da gyaran ===
Kimanin kwanaki goma bayan an kammala aikin, kimanin mita {{Convert|15|m|ft}} (49  na ramin {{Convert|26|km|mi}} km (16  ya rushe. Rugujewar na iya kasancewa ga gazawar tsarin da aka haifar da saurin gini da rashin karatun da ya dace. Sanarwar hukuma ta kamfanin gine-gine Salini Costruttori, wanda aka saki makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi a hukumance ita ce &quot;wani abin da ba a tsammani na ilimin ƙasa ya haifar da ' kogo a cikin' da babban dutse da ya shafi kimanin 15m na ramin 26km. &quot;   An gyara ramin kuma tashar ta sake aiki a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;oct&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2010 |title=Ethiopia to Export Power to Sudan Beginning October |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&amp;catid=13:headlines&amp;Itemid=19 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Ethiopian Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2010 |title=Gilgel Gibe II resumes operation |url=http://ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=ERTA News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuɗi ==
A shekara ta 2004, Gwamnatin Habasha ta sami Yuro miliyan 220 daga Gwamnatin Italiya don ginawa. Jimlar kudin ginin ya kai Yuro miliyan 373 tare da Yuro miliyan 50 da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya bayar, da sauran Yuro miliyan 103 daga Gwamnatin Habasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 &quot;Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project&quot;]. Italian Development Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 the original] on 20 March 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 September&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rikici ==
Kudin tashar wutar lantarki ya kasance mai kawo rigima a cikin gwamnatin Italiya. An ba da shi duk da rashin amincewar da Babban Darakta na Haɗin gwiwar Ci Gaban Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki da Kudi suka gabatar. Sun yi jayayya da rancen saboda an ba da kwangilar ba tare da yin gasa ba a karya dokar Italiya, saboda girmansa mai yawa yana nufin cewa an sami karancin kudade don wasu ayyukan ci gaba, ba a haɗa farashin kimanta tasirin muhalli na saka idanu ba, aikin bai dace da kasuwanci ba saboda ƙananan farashin wutar lantarki a Habasha kuma saboda bai dace ba don ɗaukar nauyin irin wannan ƙasa mara kyau tare da ƙarin bashi a lokacin da ta karɓi taimakon bashi daga Italiya. Har ila yau, akwai tambayoyin majalisa game da aikin wanda Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje, Luigi Mantica ya bar ba tare da amsawa ba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2006 Ofishin Masu gabatar da kara a Roma ya gabatar da aikata laifuka game da aikin wutar lantarki na Gilgel Gibe II. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=The Gilgel Gibe Affair: An analysis of the Gilbel Gibe hydroelectric projects in Ethiopia |url=http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072315/http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 |access-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=CRBM - Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondial / CEE Bankwatch Networ |pages=14–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Makamashi a Habasha

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tashar wutar lantarki ta Gilgel Gibe II''' tashar wutar lantarki ce a kan [[Kogin Omo]] a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Tana kusa da {{Convert|80|km|mi}} (50  gabashin Jimma a Yankin Oromia . Tashar wutar lantarki tana karɓar ruwa daga ƙofar rami 7°55′27′′N 37°23′16′′E / 7.92417°N 37.38778°E / 7. 92417; 37.3877 8 (Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entry) a kan [[Kogin Gilgel Gibe]]. Yana da ƙarfin shigarwa na 420 MW kuma an kaddamar da shi a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010. Kusan makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi, wani ɓangare na ramin tseren kai ya rushe, wanda ya sa tashar ta rufe. An kammala gyaran ne a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.

== Tsarin ==
Gilgel Gibe II ya ƙunshi tashar wutar lantarki a kan Kogin Omo wanda aka ciyar da shi da ruwa daga ramin kai da Ƙofar ƙofar a kan Koginsa Gilgel Gibe. Ramin headrace yana gudana {{Convert|26|km|mi}} (16  a ƙarƙashin Dutsen Fofa kuma a ƙarshen sa, yana canzawa zuwa penstock tare da saukowa {{Convert|500|m|ft}} m (1,600 . &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da ruwa ya kai tashar wutar lantarki, yana ba da wutar lantarki ta Pelton guda huɗu waɗanda ke aiki da janareto na 107 MW guda huɗu. Kowane turbine yana da {{Convert|3.5|m|ft}}   a diamita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pelton turbine design of Gilgel Gibe II |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Assignments/EthiopiaPeltons.pdf |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Voith Siemens}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gine-gine ==
Ginin a kan tashar wutar lantarki ya fara ne a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2005, tare da Salini Costruttori a matsayin babban dan kwangila. &lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko an shirya kammala tashar wutar lantarki a ƙarshen 2007 amma an jinkirta shi saboda matsalolin injiniya yayin gini. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, an ba da kwangilar tono ramin ga [[SELI]] kuma a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2006, na'urar ramin (TBM) ta yi kuskure, ta jinkirta aikin. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2009, duka TBMs sun hadu da juna kuma ramin ya shirya don gwajin hydraulic a wannan Satumba. An &quot;an dauke ramin daya daga cikin ayyukan ramin da suka fi wuya da aka taba yi, saboda mahimman bayanai, kuma a wasu wurare, mummunan yanayi, yanayin ƙasa. &quot;  An kaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2010 |title=Collapse of headrace tunnel after grand opening |url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |archive-date=20 September 2012 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Tunnel Talk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2010 |title=Ethiopia: Did the rush to complete Gilgel Gibe II for the election result in its collapse? |url=http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203114653/http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416 |archive-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Gadaa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rushewar ramin da gyaran ===
Kimanin kwanaki goma bayan an kammala aikin, kimanin mita {{Convert|15|m|ft}} (49  na ramin {{Convert|26|km|mi}} km (16  ya rushe. Rugujewar na iya kasancewa ga gazawar tsarin da aka haifar da saurin gini da rashin karatun da ya dace. Sanarwar hukuma ta kamfanin gine-gine Salini Costruttori, wanda aka saki makonni biyu bayan rantsar da shi a hukumance ita ce &quot;wani abin da ba a tsammani na ilimin ƙasa ya haifar da ' kogo a cikin' da babban dutse da ya shafi kimanin 15m na ramin 26km. &quot;   An gyara ramin kuma tashar ta sake aiki a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;oct&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2010 |title=Ethiopia to Export Power to Sudan Beginning October |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&amp;catid=13:headlines&amp;Itemid=19 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Ethiopian Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2010 |title=Gilgel Gibe II resumes operation |url=http://ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=ERTA News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuɗi ==
A shekara ta 2004, Gwamnatin Habasha ta sami Yuro miliyan 220 daga Gwamnatin Italiya don ginawa. Jimlar kudin ginin ya kai Yuro miliyan 373 tare da Yuro miliyan 50 da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya bayar, da sauran Yuro miliyan 103 daga Gwamnatin Habasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;italy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Italian Development Cooperation}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 &quot;Gilgel-Gibe II Hydroelectric Project&quot;]. Italian Development Cooperation. Archived from [http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&amp;page_name=70 the original] on 20 March 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 September&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rikici ==
Kudin tashar wutar lantarki ya kasance mai kawo rigima a cikin gwamnatin Italiya. An ba da shi duk da rashin amincewar da Babban Darakta na Haɗin gwiwar Ci Gaban Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ma'aikatu ta Tattalin Arziki da Kudi suka gabatar. Sun yi jayayya da rancen saboda an ba da kwangilar ba tare da yin gasa ba a karya dokar Italiya, saboda girmansa mai yawa yana nufin cewa an sami karancin kudade don wasu ayyukan ci gaba, ba a haɗa farashin kimanta tasirin muhalli na saka idanu ba, aikin bai dace da kasuwanci ba saboda ƙananan farashin wutar lantarki a Habasha kuma saboda bai dace ba don ɗaukar nauyin irin wannan ƙasa mara kyau tare da ƙarin bashi a lokacin da ta karɓi taimakon bashi daga Italiya. Har ila yau, akwai tambayoyin majalisa game da aikin wanda Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje, Luigi Mantica ya bar ba tare da amsawa ba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2006 Ofishin Masu gabatar da kara a Roma ya gabatar da aikata laifuka game da aikin wutar lantarki na Gilgel Gibe II. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=The Gilgel Gibe Affair: An analysis of the Gilbel Gibe hydroelectric projects in Ethiopia |url=http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072315/http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 |access-date=26 December 2011 |publisher=CRBM - Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondial / CEE Bankwatch Networ |pages=14–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>bw7bjguw6829m3h88f22ufyrx2kqju8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Genale Dawa III Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Hydroelectric</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845050</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:54:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1175137255|Genale Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845050</origin>
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      <text bytes="7876" sha1="4u5sypjy5uco7t3x0bv65wo1je082qn" xml:space="preserve">
'''Genale Dawa III Power Station''', kuma GD-3 Power Station, tashar wutar lantarki ce a fadin [[Ganale Doria River|Kogin Ganale Doria]] a [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ginin ya fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci '''GD-3 Tashar Wutar Lantarki''' a watan Fabrairun 2020. Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa mai sabuntawa mallakar Gwamnatin Habasha ce kuma China Gezhouba Group ce ta gina shi, wani reshe na Kamfanin Injiniyan Makamashi na China a kimanta farashin fam miliyan 352.7 ($ miliyan 451), wanda Bankin Exim na China da Gwamnatin Habasha suka hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aaron Larson |date=1 September 2020 |title=Award-Winning Hydropower Project Helps Electrify Ethiopia |url=https://www.powermag.com/award-winning-hydropower-project-helps-electrify-ethiopia/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Power Magazine Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Ganale Doria River|Kogin Ganale Doria]], tare da iyakar ''Kobadi Woreda'' da ''Meda Welabu Woreda'', a cikin Yankin Bale na Yankin Oromia na Habasha. Wannan kusan kilomita 610 ne (379  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Addis Ababa]], birni mafi girma da babban birnin Habasha. Yanayin ƙasa na Genale-Dawa 3 Hydroelectric Power Station shine 05°30'36.5&quot;N, 39°43'05.0&quot;E (Latitude:5.510139; Longitude:39.718056). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Dam din &quot;dams din da aka yi da dutse ne&quot;. Rashin ruwa yana da tsayi na mita 110 (361  kuma yana da tsawon mita 456 (1,496 . Rashin tafkin yana da ƙarfin riƙewa na mita  3,200,000 (113,006,934 cu  na ruwa. Gidan wutar lantarki na karkashin kasa yana da Turbines na Francis guda uku, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 84.7 megawatts, yana ba da wutar lantarki ga mai sauyawa a sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga tashar wutar lantarki, layin watsa wutar lantarki guda biyu (ɗaya a 400kV kuma ɗayan a 230kV), canja wurin makamashi jimlar kilomita 295 (183  zuwa tashar mallakar wutar lantarki ta Habasha, inda aka haɗa makamashi cikin grid na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Genale-Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station mallakar Gwamnatin Habasha ce kuma tana sarrafawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (6 May 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ &quot;Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An ambaci kasafin kudin gini a matsayin £ 352.7 miliyan (US $ 451 miliyan). Teburin da ke ƙasa ya tsara tushen kudade don gina madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki, gami da kayan aikin da ke tattare da su.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (6 May 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ &quot;Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Tushen Tattalin Arziki Don Genale Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station
!Matsayi
!Funder
!Gudummawa a cikin Birnin Burtaniya
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Bankin Tsohon na kasar Sin
|Miliyan 254.85
|72.26
|Rance &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Gwamnatin Habasha
|Miliyan 53.00
|15.03
|Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|3
|Sauran
|Miliyan 44.83
|12.71
|Rance &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|'''Miliyan 352.7'''
|'''100.00'''
|
|-
|}

* Lura: Jimillar suna da ɗan raguwa saboda zagaye.

== Sauran la'akari ==
GD-3 Dam madatsar ruwa ce mai amfa da yawa. Baya ga samar da wutar lantarki, tafkin madatsar ruwa yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin adana ruwa don amfani a lokacin karancin ruwa. Bugu da kari, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa na kimanin hekta 15,000 (58 mi), a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lower Genale Irrigation Development Project.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Habasha
* [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babban madatsar ruwan Renaissance na Habasha]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>4u5sypjy5uco7t3x0bv65wo1je082qn</sha1>
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      <parentid>845050</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="7888" sha1="k904tel8htrjbjf655f70uymow6o06r" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Genale Dawa III Power Station''', kuma GD-3 Power Station, tashar wutar lantarki ce a fadin [[Ganale Doria River|Kogin Ganale Doria]] a [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ginin ya fara ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2011 kuma an ba da izinin kasuwanci '''GD-3 Tashar Wutar Lantarki''' a watan Fabrairun 2020. Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa mai sabuntawa mallakar Gwamnatin Habasha ce kuma China Gezhouba Group ce ta gina shi, wani reshe na Kamfanin Injiniyan Makamashi na China a kimanta farashin fam miliyan 352.7 ($ miliyan 451), wanda Bankin Exim na China da Gwamnatin Habasha suka hada kai.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aaron Larson |date=1 September 2020 |title=Award-Winning Hydropower Project Helps Electrify Ethiopia |url=https://www.powermag.com/award-winning-hydropower-project-helps-electrify-ethiopia/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Power Magazine Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Ganale Doria River|Kogin Ganale Doria]], tare da iyakar ''Kobadi Woreda'' da ''Meda Welabu Woreda'', a cikin Yankin Bale na Yankin Oromia na Habasha. Wannan kusan kilomita 610 ne (379  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Addis Ababa]], birni mafi girma da babban birnin Habasha. Yanayin ƙasa na Genale-Dawa 3 Hydroelectric Power Station shine 05°30'36.5&quot;N, 39°43'05.0&quot;E (Latitude:5.510139; Longitude:39.718056). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Dam din &quot;dams din da aka yi da dutse ne&quot;. Rashin ruwa yana da tsayi na mita 110 (361  kuma yana da tsawon mita 456 (1,496 . Rashin tafkin yana da ƙarfin riƙewa na mita  3,200,000 (113,006,934 cu  na ruwa. Gidan wutar lantarki na karkashin kasa yana da Turbines na Francis guda uku, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 84.7 megawatts, yana ba da wutar lantarki ga mai sauyawa a sama.&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga tashar wutar lantarki, layin watsa wutar lantarki guda biyu (ɗaya a 400kV kuma ɗayan a 230kV), canja wurin makamashi jimlar kilomita 295 (183  zuwa tashar mallakar wutar lantarki ta Habasha, inda aka haɗa makamashi cikin grid na ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Genale-Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station mallakar Gwamnatin Habasha ce kuma tana sarrafawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (6 May 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ &quot;Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kudin gini da kudade ==
An ambaci kasafin kudin gini a matsayin £ 352.7 miliyan (US $ 451 miliyan). Teburin da ke ƙasa ya tsara tushen kudade don gina madatsar ruwa da tashar wutar lantarki, gami da kayan aikin da ke tattare da su.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=6 May 2021 |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (6 May 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ &quot;Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam&quot;]. ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Tushen Tattalin Arziki Don Genale Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station
!Matsayi
!Funder
!Gudummawa a cikin Birnin Burtaniya
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Bankin Tsohon na kasar Sin
|Miliyan 254.85
|72.26
|Rance &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Gwamnatin Habasha
|Miliyan 53.00
|15.03
|Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|3
|Sauran
|Miliyan 44.83
|12.71
|Rance &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|'''Miliyan 352.7'''
|'''100.00'''
|
|-
|}

* Lura: Jimillar suna da ɗan raguwa saboda zagaye.

== Sauran la'akari ==
GD-3 Dam madatsar ruwa ce mai amfa da yawa. Baya ga samar da wutar lantarki, tafkin madatsar ruwa yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin adana ruwa don amfani a lokacin karancin ruwa. Bugu da kari, za a yi amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa na kimanin hekta 15,000 (58 mi), a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lower Genale Irrigation Development Project.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=NS Energy |date=February 2020 |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=NSEnergybusiness.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNS_Energy2020&quot;&gt;NS Energy (February 2020). [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ &quot;Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project&quot;]. ''NSEnergybusiness.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Habasha
* [[Dam in Renaissance na Habasha|Babban madatsar ruwan Renaissance na Habasha]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>k904tel8htrjbjf655f70uymow6o06r</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Dibwangui</title>
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      <id>845052</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T06:56:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355104334|Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station]]&quot;</comment>
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Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da aka tsara ta 15 megawatts a [[Gabon]]. Tashar wutar lantarki tana ci gaba ta ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi (a) Eranove, mai samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa na Faransa (IPP) da (b) Asusun Kasuwanci Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS), kamfanin saka hannun jari na gwamnati. An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA) tsakanin hukumomin Gabon da Louetsi Energy, kamfanin mota mai amfani na musamman (SPV) wanda ke da kuma bunkasa wannan tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Loutsié|Kogin Louetsié]], a ƙauyen Mandji, a Lardin Ngounié, a kudu maso yammacin Gabon. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki suna da nisan kilomita 550 (342  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Libreville]], babban birnin da kuma birni mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tsarin ya yi murmushi don madatsar ruwa mai cike da dutse tare da kai na ruwa na mita 23.7 (78 . Za a shigar da turbines uku na Kaplan, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 5.1 MW. Za a kiyaye yawan ruwa na mita 25 (25,000  a kowace dakika a kowane turbine. Aikin ya haɗa da gina tashar wutar lantarki ta waje a tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Sabbin layin wutar lantarki na kwashewa zai kwashe wutar lantarki daga Dibwangui zuwa Bongolo. Za a fadada tashar lantarki a Bongolo kuma a sake gyara ta don karɓar makamashi mai shigowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Setec France |date=2018 |title=Dibwangui hydroelectric development project: Overview |url=https://www.setec.fr/en/uncategorized/amenagement-hydroelectrique-de-dibwangui |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Setec France |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Kungiyar da ke da ikon wutar lantarki kuma tana bunkasa shi, ta kafa wani kamfani na musamman da ake kira Louetsi Energy, don mallakar, tsarawa, tallafawa, haɓaka, ginawa, aiki da kula da kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hannun jari a cikin kamfanin ad hoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Kasuwanci a cikin Louetsi Energy''Makamashi na Louetsi''
!Matsayi
!Mai hannun jari
!Gida
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Ƙungiyar Eranove
|[[Faransa]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Asusun Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS) 
|[[Gabon]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|
|'''100.0'''
|
|-
|}

== Sauran la'akari ==
Wani binciken da aka gudanar don tantance dorewar wannan tashar wutar lantarki ya kimanta tashar wutar wutar lantarki da aka tsara a fadin &quot;ka'idojin aikin muhalli, zamantakewa da shugabanci (ESG) guda goma sha ɗaya&quot;. A cikin wani rahoto da aka gabatar a cikin 2020, tashar wutar lantarki &quot;ta yi aiki mai kyau a duniya a cikin kimantawar ESG&quot; kuma &quot;an lasafta ta a matsayin misali na kyakkyawan aiki na kasa da kasa a cikin ƙirar ɗorewa da tsarawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Hydropower Association |date=25 August 2020 |title=Gabon's Dibwangui project achieves global good practice in ESG assessment |url=https://www.hydropower.org/news/gabons-dibwangui-project-achieves-global-good-practice-in-esg-assessment |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Hydropower.Org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Gabon
* Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ngoulmendjim

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
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'''Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station''' wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da aka tsara ta 15 megawatts a [[Gabon]]. Tashar wutar lantarki tana ci gaba ta ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi (a) Eranove, mai samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa na Faransa (IPP) da (b) Asusun Kasuwanci Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS), kamfanin saka hannun jari na gwamnati. An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA) tsakanin hukumomin Gabon da Louetsi Energy, kamfanin mota mai amfani na musamman (SPV) wanda ke da kuma bunkasa wannan tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Loutsié|Kogin Louetsié]], a ƙauyen Mandji, a Lardin Ngounié, a kudu maso yammacin Gabon. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki suna da nisan kilomita 550 (342  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Libreville]], babban birnin da kuma birni mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tsarin ya yi murmushi don madatsar ruwa mai cike da dutse tare da kai na ruwa na mita 23.7 (78 . Za a shigar da turbines uku na Kaplan, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 5.1 MW. Za a kiyaye yawan ruwa na mita 25 (25,000  a kowace dakika a kowane turbine. Aikin ya haɗa da gina tashar wutar lantarki ta waje a tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Sabbin layin wutar lantarki na kwashewa zai kwashe wutar lantarki daga Dibwangui zuwa Bongolo. Za a fadada tashar lantarki a Bongolo kuma a sake gyara ta don karɓar makamashi mai shigowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Setec France |date=2018 |title=Dibwangui hydroelectric development project: Overview |url=https://www.setec.fr/en/uncategorized/amenagement-hydroelectrique-de-dibwangui |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Setec France |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Kungiyar da ke da ikon wutar lantarki kuma tana bunkasa shi, ta kafa wani kamfani na musamman da ake kira Louetsi Energy, don mallakar, tsarawa, tallafawa, haɓaka, ginawa, aiki da kula da kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hannun jari a cikin kamfanin ad hoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Kasuwanci a cikin Louetsi Energy''Makamashi na Louetsi''
!Matsayi
!Mai hannun jari
!Gida
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Ƙungiyar Eranove
|[[Faransa]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Asusun Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS) 
|[[Gabon]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|
|'''100.0'''
|
|-
|}

== Sauran la'akari ==
Wani binciken da aka gudanar don tantance dorewar wannan tashar wutar lantarki ya kimanta tashar wutar wutar lantarki da aka tsara a fadin &quot;ka'idojin aikin muhalli, zamantakewa da shugabanci (ESG) guda goma sha ɗaya&quot;. A cikin wani rahoto da aka gabatar a cikin 2020, tashar wutar lantarki &quot;ta yi aiki mai kyau a duniya a cikin kimantawar ESG&quot; kuma &quot;an lasafta ta a matsayin misali na kyakkyawan aiki na kasa da kasa a cikin ƙirar ɗorewa da tsarawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Hydropower Association |date=25 August 2020 |title=Gabon's Dibwangui project achieves global good practice in ESG assessment |url=https://www.hydropower.org/news/gabons-dibwangui-project-achieves-global-good-practice-in-esg-assessment |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Hydropower.Org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==

* Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a Gabon
* Tashar wutar lantarki ta Ngoulmendjim

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:27:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dubi kuma */</comment>
      <origin>845065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6828" sha1="at2flic5jc5ryike91sg1texukdbh1j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station''' wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da aka tsara ta 15 megawatts a [[Gabon]]. Tashar wutar lantarki tana ci gaba ta ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi (a) Eranove, mai samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa na Faransa (IPP) da (b) Asusun Kasuwanci Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS), kamfanin saka hannun jari na gwamnati. An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA) tsakanin hukumomin Gabon da Louetsi Energy, kamfanin mota mai amfani na musamman (SPV) wanda ke da kuma bunkasa wannan tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Loutsié|Kogin Louetsié]], a ƙauyen Mandji, a Lardin Ngounié, a kudu maso yammacin Gabon. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki suna da nisan kilomita 550 (342  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Libreville]], babban birnin da kuma birni mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tsarin ya yi murmushi don madatsar ruwa mai cike da dutse tare da kai na ruwa na mita 23.7 (78 . Za a shigar da turbines uku na Kaplan, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 5.1 MW. Za a kiyaye yawan ruwa na mita 25 (25,000  a kowace dakika a kowane turbine. Aikin ya haɗa da gina tashar wutar lantarki ta waje a tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Sabbin layin wutar lantarki na kwashewa zai kwashe wutar lantarki daga Dibwangui zuwa Bongolo. Za a fadada tashar lantarki a Bongolo kuma a sake gyara ta don karɓar makamashi mai shigowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Setec France |date=2018 |title=Dibwangui hydroelectric development project: Overview |url=https://www.setec.fr/en/uncategorized/amenagement-hydroelectrique-de-dibwangui |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Setec France |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Kungiyar da ke da ikon wutar lantarki kuma tana bunkasa shi, ta kafa wani kamfani na musamman da ake kira Louetsi Energy, don mallakar, tsarawa, tallafawa, haɓaka, ginawa, aiki da kula da kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hannun jari a cikin kamfanin ad hoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Kasuwanci a cikin Louetsi Energy''Makamashi na Louetsi''
!Matsayi
!Mai hannun jari
!Gida
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Ƙungiyar Eranove
|[[Faransa]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Asusun Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS) 
|[[Gabon]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|
|'''100.0'''
|
|-
|}

== Sauran la'akari ==
Wani binciken da aka gudanar don tantance dorewar wannan tashar wutar lantarki ya kimanta tashar wutar wutar lantarki da aka tsara a fadin &quot;ka'idojin aikin muhalli, zamantakewa da shugabanci (ESG) guda goma sha ɗaya&quot;. A cikin wani rahoto da aka gabatar a cikin 2020, tashar wutar lantarki &quot;ta yi aiki mai kyau a duniya a cikin kimantawar ESG&quot; kuma &quot;an lasafta ta a matsayin misali na kyakkyawan aiki na kasa da kasa a cikin ƙirar ɗorewa da tsarawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Hydropower Association |date=25 August 2020 |title=Gabon's Dibwangui project achieves global good practice in ESG assessment |url=https://www.hydropower.org/news/gabons-dibwangui-project-achieves-global-good-practice-in-esg-assessment |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Hydropower.Org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Manazarta */</comment>
      <origin>845066</origin>
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      <text bytes="6784" sha1="namx2z4zzwrcs66cngcc223g6gskk6k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Dibwangui Hydroelectric Power Station''' wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da aka tsara ta 15 megawatts a [[Gabon]]. Tashar wutar lantarki tana ci gaba ta ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi (a) Eranove, mai samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa na Faransa (IPP) da (b) Asusun Kasuwanci Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS), kamfanin saka hannun jari na gwamnati. An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA) tsakanin hukumomin Gabon da Louetsi Energy, kamfanin mota mai amfani na musamman (SPV) wanda ke da kuma bunkasa wannan tashar wutar lantarki.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana gefen [[Kogin Loutsié|Kogin Louetsié]], a ƙauyen Mandji, a Lardin Ngounié, a kudu maso yammacin Gabon. Dam din da tashar wutar lantarki suna da nisan kilomita 550 (342  ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso gabashin [[Libreville]], babban birnin da kuma birni mafi girma a kasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Tsarin ya yi murmushi don madatsar ruwa mai cike da dutse tare da kai na ruwa na mita 23.7 (78 . Za a shigar da turbines uku na Kaplan, kowannensu an kiyasta shi a 5.1 MW. Za a kiyaye yawan ruwa na mita 25 (25,000  a kowace dakika a kowane turbine. Aikin ya haɗa da gina tashar wutar lantarki ta waje a tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Sabbin layin wutar lantarki na kwashewa zai kwashe wutar lantarki daga Dibwangui zuwa Bongolo. Za a fadada tashar lantarki a Bongolo kuma a sake gyara ta don karɓar makamashi mai shigowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Setec France |date=2018 |title=Dibwangui hydroelectric development project: Overview |url=https://www.setec.fr/en/uncategorized/amenagement-hydroelectrique-de-dibwangui |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Setec France |place=Paris, France}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mallaka ==
Kungiyar da ke da ikon wutar lantarki kuma tana bunkasa shi, ta kafa wani kamfani na musamman da ake kira Louetsi Energy, don mallakar, tsarawa, tallafawa, haɓaka, ginawa, aiki da kula da kayan aikin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna hannun jari a cikin kamfanin ad hoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0.5em auto&quot;
|+Kasuwanci a cikin Louetsi Energy''Makamashi na Louetsi''
!Matsayi
!Mai hannun jari
!Gida
!Kashi
!Bayani
|-
|1
|Ƙungiyar Eranove
|[[Faransa]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Luchelle Feukeng |date=10 January 2019 |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLuchelle_Feukeng2019&quot;&gt;Luchelle Feukeng (10 January 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ &quot;Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anthony Donaghue |date=26 August 2020 |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Born2Invest.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAnthony_Donaghue2020&quot;&gt;Anthony Donaghue (26 August 2020). [https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ &quot;The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified&quot;]. ''Born2Invest.com''. London, United Kingdom&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 May&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|Asusun Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Gabon (FGIS) 
|[[Gabon]]
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot; /&gt;
|-
|
|'''Jimillar'''
|
|'''100.0'''
|
|-
|}

== Sauran la'akari ==
Wani binciken da aka gudanar don tantance dorewar wannan tashar wutar lantarki ya kimanta tashar wutar wutar lantarki da aka tsara a fadin &quot;ka'idojin aikin muhalli, zamantakewa da shugabanci (ESG) guda goma sha ɗaya&quot;. A cikin wani rahoto da aka gabatar a cikin 2020, tashar wutar lantarki &quot;ta yi aiki mai kyau a duniya a cikin kimantawar ESG&quot; kuma &quot;an lasafta ta a matsayin misali na kyakkyawan aiki na kasa da kasa a cikin ƙirar ɗorewa da tsarawa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=International Hydropower Association |date=25 August 2020 |title=Gabon's Dibwangui project achieves global good practice in ESG assessment |url=https://www.hydropower.org/news/gabons-dibwangui-project-achieves-global-good-practice-in-esg-assessment |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Hydropower.Org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>namx2z4zzwrcs66cngcc223g6gskk6k</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Abor, Ghana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845055</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:18:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1136291638|Abor, Ghana]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1177" sha1="ppzn3gu18754wdwj4t4qnu3t04wjfco" xml:space="preserve">'''Abor''' (Abaw) wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Keta ta [[Yankin Volta]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Ghana]] . Abor yana gabashin [[Kogin Volta]] kuma a arewacin Keta Lagoon. An san Abor da makarantar sakandare ta Abor, sau da yawa ana kiranta ABORSCO . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2015 |title=Abor SHS Lacks Infrastructure |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/660988/abor-shs-lacks-infrastructure.html |access-date=2019-04-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service, Ministry of Education |url=https://ghanaschoolsinfo.org/project/818 |access-date=2019-04-24 |website=ghanaschoolsinfo.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantar cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu ce.

== Tarihi ==
Abor gida ce ga [[Anlo Ewe|Mutanen Anlo Ewe]] waɗanda suka yi ƙaura a can a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha bakwai. Sun kafa Masarautar Anlo wacce Abor ta kasance wani bangare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amenumey&quot; /&gt;

Daga hangen nesa na Turai Abor wani bangare ne na &quot;yanki na tasiri&quot; na Holland na Keta tun daga shekara ta 1784, har sai da Burtaniya ta karbe shi sannan ta shiga cikin mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast na Burtaniya, wanda daga baya ya zama Ghana.

== Bayani ==</text>
      <sha1>ppzn3gu18754wdwj4t4qnu3t04wjfco</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845056</id>
      <parentid>845055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:18:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845056</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1189" sha1="jjtb19yve6ftjwppfkfmu1m6xvpaihu" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Abor''' (Abaw) wani gari ne a cikin Gundumar Keta ta [[Yankin Volta]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Ghana]] . Abor yana gabashin [[Kogin Volta]] kuma a arewacin Keta Lagoon. An san Abor da makarantar sakandare ta Abor, sau da yawa ana kiranta ABORSCO . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 December 2015 |title=Abor SHS Lacks Infrastructure |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/660988/abor-shs-lacks-infrastructure.html |access-date=2019-04-24 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ghana Education Service, Ministry of Education |url=https://ghanaschoolsinfo.org/project/818 |access-date=2019-04-24 |website=ghanaschoolsinfo.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makarantar cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu ce.

== Tarihi ==
Abor gida ce ga [[Anlo Ewe|Mutanen Anlo Ewe]] waɗanda suka yi ƙaura a can a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha bakwai. Sun kafa Masarautar Anlo wacce Abor ta kasance wani bangare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amenumey&quot; /&gt;

Daga hangen nesa na Turai Abor wani bangare ne na &quot;yanki na tasiri&quot; na Holland na Keta tun daga shekara ta 1784, har sai da Burtaniya ta karbe shi sannan ta shiga cikin mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast na Burtaniya, wanda daga baya ya zama Ghana.

== Bayani ==</text>
      <sha1>jjtb19yve6ftjwppfkfmu1m6xvpaihu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tashar wutar lantarki ta Katende</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845069</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:31:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345367918|Katende hydroelectric power station]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845069</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6101" sha1="4e81jl7r12dpa74uxjtb6u6ywi30r54" xml:space="preserve">
Grand Katende hydroelectric power station (4 x 16 MW) wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da ake ginawa a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|64|MW}} . Lokacin da aka kammala, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) zai sarrafa shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan gabashin [[Kogin Lulua]], wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], a lardin Kasaï-Central, a kudu maso tsakiyar DR Congo, kusa da iyakar da [[Angola]]. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 82.5 ne (51 , kudu da birnin [[Kananga]], babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 258 ne (160 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin [[Mbuji-Mayi]], a cikin makwabciyar lardin Kasaï-Oriental, babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na Katende Hydroelectric Power Station sune: 06°20'48.0&quot;S, 22°27'02.0&quot;E (Latitude:-6.346667; Longitude:22.450556). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
LoC na dala miliyan 168 don aikin wutar lantarki na Katende Hydro (64 MW), a lardin Kasai Occidental, an sanya hannu a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2011 kuma kwangilar da aka ba da ita ga ƙungiyar a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2011 ga kamfanin [[Indiya]] BHEL-[https://www.bhel.com/bhel-achieves-major-landmark-commissions-sudans-largest-thermal-power-plant AIL] Consortium, ya fara gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Katende, a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 280. An yi niyyar aikin makamashi don samar da wutar lantarki ga Kananga, Mbuji-Mai da al'ummomin makwabta, tare da ranar kammalawar farko ta 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (22 February 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ &quot;DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW)&quot;]. Paris, France: Afrik21.africa&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seetao |date=25 February 2021 |title=India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Seetao.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Energy |date=12 October 2017 |title=DR Congo: India committed to Katende dam |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-india-committed-katende-dam |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; WAPCOS Limited shine mai ba da shawara kan gudanar da aikin don wannan aikin. Ma'aikatar Makamashi da albarkatun ruwa (MOEWR), D R Congo shine mai mallakar aikin.

== Sauri ==
Tawayen Kamwina Nsapu ya ɓarke a watan Agusta 2016. Wani lokaci a cikin 2017, dan kwangila ya dakatar da aiki kuma ya bar wurin gini. A wannan lokacin, aikin injiniyan farar hula ya cika kashi 55. A farkon 2021, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta fara tattaunawa da gwamnatin Indiya don sake fara gina madatsar ruwan da ayyukan da suka danganci shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (22 February 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ &quot;DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW)&quot;]. Paris, France: Afrik21.africa&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seetao |date=25 February 2021 |title=India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Seetao.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSeetao2021&quot;&gt;Seetao (25 February 2021). [https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html &quot;India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations&quot;]. Beijing, China: Seetao.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Zaɓin sabon ɗan kwangila yana cikin tsari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations--Seetao |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barrage de Katende : 82 millions de dollars US pour accélérer les travaux {{!}} adiac-congo.com : toute l'actualité du Bassin du Congo |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/barrage-de-katende-82-millions-de-dollars-us-pour-accelerer-les-travaux-16338 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da suka danganci ==
Baya ga Katende HPP, ana sa ran dan kwangila zai gina layin fitarwa guda uku. Na farko, daga garin Kananga zuwa Mbuji-Mayi, yana auna kilomita 130 (81 . Layin na biyu da zai gudana daga Kananga zuwa Bunkonde, a Kasai ta Tsakiya, yana auna kilomita 30 (19 kuma na uku zai tafi mbuji-Mayi ta hanyar Tshimbulu . [1][2] Yarjejeniyar LOC na dala miliyan 109.942 don Shirin Layin Rarrabawa da Rarraba don kwashe wutar lantarki daga Shirin Hydropower na Katende an sanya hannu a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2015.

== Dubi kuma ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845070</id>
      <parentid>845069</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:31:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sumy IB</username>
        <id>32481</id>
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      <text bytes="6112" sha1="3z19ypg8rirw2ul1gusa3mxzuxt319q" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
Grand Katende hydroelectric power station (4 x 16 MW) wani tashar wutar lantarki ce da ake ginawa a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], tare da shigar da ƙarfin {{Convert|64|MW}} . Lokacin da aka kammala, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Kongo, Société Nationale d'Électricité (SNEL) zai sarrafa shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wurin da yake ==
Tashar wutar lantarki tana kan gabashin [[Kogin Lulua]], wani yanki na [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], a lardin Kasaï-Central, a kudu maso tsakiyar DR Congo, kusa da iyakar da [[Angola]]. Yanayinta kusan kilomita 82.5 ne (51 , kudu da birnin [[Kananga]], babban birnin lardin. Wannan kusan kilomita 258 ne (160 , ta hanyar hanya, kudu maso yammacin birnin [[Mbuji-Mayi]], a cikin makwabciyar lardin Kasaï-Oriental, babban birni mafi kusa. Yanayin ƙasa na Katende Hydroelectric Power Station sune: 06°20'48.0&quot;S, 22°27'02.0&quot;E (Latitude:-6.346667; Longitude:22.450556). 

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
LoC na dala miliyan 168 don aikin wutar lantarki na Katende Hydro (64 MW), a lardin Kasai Occidental, an sanya hannu a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2011 kuma kwangilar da aka ba da ita ga ƙungiyar a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2011 ga kamfanin [[Indiya]] BHEL-[https://www.bhel.com/bhel-achieves-major-landmark-commissions-sudans-largest-thermal-power-plant AIL] Consortium, ya fara gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Katende, a farashin kwangila na dala miliyan 280. An yi niyyar aikin makamashi don samar da wutar lantarki ga Kananga, Mbuji-Mai da al'ummomin makwabta, tare da ranar kammalawar farko ta 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (22 February 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ &quot;DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW)&quot;]. Paris, France: Afrik21.africa&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seetao |date=25 February 2021 |title=India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Seetao.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Energy |date=12 October 2017 |title=DR Congo: India committed to Katende dam |url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-india-committed-katende-dam |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Africa-energy.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; WAPCOS Limited shine mai ba da shawara kan gudanar da aikin don wannan aikin. Ma'aikatar Makamashi da albarkatun ruwa (MOEWR), D R Congo shine mai mallakar aikin.

== Sauri ==
Tawayen Kamwina Nsapu ya ɓarke a watan Agusta 2016. Wani lokaci a cikin 2017, dan kwangila ya dakatar da aiki kuma ya bar wurin gini. A wannan lokacin, aikin injiniyan farar hula ya cika kashi 55. A farkon 2021, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ta fara tattaunawa da gwamnatin Indiya don sake fara gina madatsar ruwan da ayyukan da suka danganci shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=22 February 2021 |title=DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW) |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Afrik21.africa}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJean_Marie_Takouleu2021&quot;&gt;Jean Marie Takouleu (22 February 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-kinshasa-to-restart-work-on-the-katende-hydroelectric-dam-64-mw/ &quot;DRC: Kinshasa to restart work on the Katende hydroelectric dam (64 MW)&quot;]. Paris, France: Afrik21.africa&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seetao |date=25 February 2021 |title=India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Seetao.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSeetao2021&quot;&gt;Seetao (25 February 2021). [https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html &quot;India: Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations&quot;]. Beijing, China: Seetao.com&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;5 March&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Zaɓin sabon ɗan kwangila yana cikin tsari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=India Congo (DRC) resumes Katende dam and hydropower project for negotiations--Seetao |url=https://www.seetao.com/details/66096.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barrage de Katende : 82 millions de dollars US pour accélérer les travaux {{!}} adiac-congo.com : toute l'actualité du Bassin du Congo |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/barrage-de-katende-82-millions-de-dollars-us-pour-accelerer-les-travaux-16338 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da suka danganci ==
Baya ga Katende HPP, ana sa ran dan kwangila zai gina layin fitarwa guda uku. Na farko, daga garin Kananga zuwa Mbuji-Mayi, yana auna kilomita 130 (81 . Layin na biyu da zai gudana daga Kananga zuwa Bunkonde, a Kasai ta Tsakiya, yana auna kilomita 30 (19 kuma na uku zai tafi mbuji-Mayi ta hanyar Tshimbulu . [1][2] Yarjejeniyar LOC na dala miliyan 109.942 don Shirin Layin Rarrabawa da Rarraba don kwashe wutar lantarki daga Shirin Hydropower na Katende an sanya hannu a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2015.

== Dubi kuma ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Regideso</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>845071</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T07:36:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sirjat</username>
        <id>20447</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353081932|Regideso]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845071</origin>
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      <text bytes="10379" sha1="n7sj5w37j7epw5i46plq74kreabx7py" xml:space="preserve">Régie de Distribution d'Eau, wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin REGIDESO, kamfani ne mai amfani da jihar wanda ke kan Boulevard Du 30 Yuni, a cikin garin Gombe na [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Yana da alhakin samarwa da '''''[[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]]''''' a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haɗa da birane da yankunan karkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REGIDESO |title=Site Web de la Regideso SA |url=https://regideso.cd/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=regideo-rdc.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a 1929, REGIDESO yana aiki da kansa a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Fasahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Regideso: tous les comptes bancaires de la société bloqués sur décision du TGI Kinshasa Gombe |trans-title=Regideso: all company bank accounts blocked by decision of the Kinshasa Gombe TGI |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/02/03/emissions/echos-deconomie/regideso-tous-les-comptes-bancaires-de-la-societe-bloques-sur |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen da kulawa ==
REGIDESO tana jin daɗin matsayin shari'ar kamfanoni kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kasafin kuɗi ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar, yayin da Ma'aikatu ta Makamashi ke gudanar da ayyukanta na fasaha. Yana riƙe da ikon mallakar ma'aikata kan samarwa da rarraba ruwan sha a duk faɗin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Tsarin doka da ke jagorantar REGIDESO an tsara shi a cikin Dokar No. 073-026 na 30 ga Yulin 1973, wanda ya tsara kafa hukumomi daban-daban, gami da kwamitin daraktoci, kwamitin gudanarwa, da kwamitin masu binciken. [1] Bugu da ƙari, Dokar No. 78-197 na 5 ga Mayu 1978, wanda aka aiwatar a ƙarƙashin Dokar No.78-002 na 6 ga Janairu 1978, ta ba da umarni na gaba ɗaya da ya dace da kamfanonin jama'a.[1] Kodayake yana ƙarƙashin doka ta yau da kullun a cikin batutuwan kasafin kuɗi, REGIDESO an cire shi daga wasu wajibai na haraji, gami da ainihin gudummawa da na jadawalin akan samun kudin shiga. Bugu da ƙari, farashin kuɗin sa yana ƙarƙashin amincewar Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, wanda ke ba da waɗannan ƙididdigar ta hanyar dokar ministoci.

=== Ayyuka da manufofi ===
Babban aikin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]], gudanar da wuraren da ruwa ke tattare da ruwa, magani da isar da ruwa, kafa sabbin hanyoyin rarraba ko kari, da kuma sauƙaƙe duk wani ayyukan taimako kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da ke da alaƙa da aikinsa na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cisuaka |first=Blaise Nkashama |date=2013 |title=Organisation et fonctionnement d'un service comptable au sein d'une entreprise publique |trans-title=Organization and operation of an accounting department within a public company |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/13/7629/m_Organisation-et-fonctionnement-d-un-service-comptable-au-sein-d-une-entreprise-publique27.html |access-date=5 September 2024 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Kinshasa |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don cika waɗannan manufofi, REGIDESO yana bin ka'idar da aka ayyana wanda ya haɗa da fadada hanyoyin sadarwar rarrabawa, ganewar abokin ciniki da mai biyan kuɗi, da kuma ayyukan mita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Abu mai mahimmanci, yana da kusan cikakken iko akan amfani da rarraba ruwan sha, sai dai a yankuna inda ba shi da kasancewar ko ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi na musamman tare da Jiha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Zamanin mulkin mallaka (1929-1959) ===
An kafa REGIDESO, wanda a da ake kira ''Société de Distribution d'Eau de Léopoldville'', a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1929,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da hedikwatarsa a Brussels, don samar da ruwan sha ga mazaunan mulkin mallaka. Hukumomin birane a [[Boma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|Boma]], Matadi, Léopoldville (yanzu [[Kinshasa]] ), Coquilhatville (yanzu [[Mbandaka]] ), da Stanleyville (yanzu [[Kisangani]] ) an ba su amanar gudanar da, haɓakawa, da kuma sabunta [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]] .  

Da yake fahimtar abin da ake buƙata don tsarin rarraba ruwa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Belgian Congo|Kwango ta Belgium]] ta ba da Dokar Sarauta (Arrêté Royal) a ranar 28 ga Maris 1933, wanda ya ba da izini ga kafa kamfanin rarraba ruwa wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlancBotton2010&quot;&gt;Blanc, Aymeric; Botton, Sarah (2010). [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf &quot;Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Worldbank.org''. Washington, D.C., United States. p.&amp;nbsp;45&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 August&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan dokar tushe ta kara karuwa a cikin 1939 ta wata doka ta sarauta, wacce ta kafa Régie de Distribution d'Eau et d'Electricité du Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi (REGIDESO).   An ba da sabuwar ƙungiya tare da halayyar doka, wanda ya ba ta damar samun ikon cin gashin kanta a cikin gudanarwarta da faɗaɗa aikinta don haɗawa da rarraba ruwa da wutar lantarki a duk faɗin Belgian Congo da Ruanda-Urundi, tare da hedkwatarta da ke Rue Marie de Bourgogne 30, Brussels.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; A cikin waɗannan shekarun farko, REGIDESO ya kafa mahimman kayan aiki, gami da wuraren warkar da ruwa a Léopoldville. Gidajen da ke Kinsuka tare da [[Kogin Lukanga|Kogin Lukunga]] da Ngaliema Bay kusa da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] sun taimaka wajen samar da ruwa ga yawan mutanen Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, da farko an tsara su tare da rayuwar aiki na kimanin shekaru talatin, waɗannan wuraren nan da nan sun bayyana alamun farko na raunin ababen more rayuwa, suna nuna ƙalubalen da za su mamaye kamfanin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A tsakiyar karni na 20, wutar lantarki da kayan aikin rarraba ruwa na Belgian Congo suna bunkasa cikin sauri, kodayake ba daidai ba ne, ci gaba a fadin lardunan. Rahotanni daga Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka a cikin 1955 sun nuna bambancin Rarraba wutar lantarki a fadin Belgian Congo, tare da lardin Équateur da ba a ba da sabis. A wannan lokacin, umarnin REGIDESO ya wuce rarraba ruwa, ya haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki da rarraba, musamman a cikin birane kamar Coquilhatville . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ofishin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa a duk faɗin mulkin mallaka, zafi da shigarwar diesel-wutan lantarki da hydroelectric. Misali, a yankin Bas-Congo (Kongo ta Tsakiya ta yanzu), an haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta M'Pozo cikin ayyukan REGIDESO a cikin 1948 don cika bukatun makamashi na Matadi, babbar ƙofar teku ta Belgian Congo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga kusa da Léopoldville, wanda Société des Forces Hydro-Electriques de Sanga ta gina, ta fito ne a matsayin mai ba da makamashi ga yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Shuka tana da janareto shida tare da haɗin ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts, wani ɓangare na abin da aka ba da shi ga Societe Textile Africaine don gudanar da masana'antar masana'anta a Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga ta samar da wutar lantarki ga Société Coloniale d'Electricite, wanda ya sauƙaƙa rarraba makamashi a duk faɗin Léopoldville. Koyaya, ƙaruwar buƙatun wutar lantarki a Léopoldville nan da nan ya wuce ƙarfin ababen more rayuwa na yanzu, wanda ya bukaci gina [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo II|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo]], wacce ta fara a 1951 kuma an kammala ta a 1955, tare da raka'a uku kowannensu tare da ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, a wasu larduna, kamar Kasaï da Kivu, REGIDESO ya ci gaba da fadada ayyukanta, yana kafa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki don ba da sabis ga manyan cibiyoyin birane na yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Misali, REGIDESO ta yi aiki da tashar wutar lantarki ta diesel a Luluabourg (yanzu [[Kananga]]) tun 1950, wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a uku tare da haɗin ƙarfin kilowatts 860, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi aiki a matsayin ajiyar raka'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A cikin Lardin Kivu, wuraren da ke [[Bukavu]], wanda REGIDESO ke sarrafawa, sun haɗa da tashar hydroelectric tare da raka'a uku da suka kai kilowatts 285 da kuma tashar diesel-electric tare le raka'a biyar tare da jimlar ƙarfin kilowatts 1,575, wanda aka gudanar da raka'ar 400-kilowatt a ajiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;</text>
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'''Régie de Distribution d'Eau''', wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin REGIDESO, kamfani ne mai amfani da jihar wanda ke kan Boulevard Du 30 Yuni, a cikin garin Gombe na [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Yana da alhakin samarwa da '''''[[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]]''''' a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haɗa da birane da yankunan karkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REGIDESO |title=Site Web de la Regideso SA |url=https://regideso.cd/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=regideo-rdc.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a 1929, REGIDESO yana aiki da kansa a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Fasahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Regideso: tous les comptes bancaires de la société bloqués sur décision du TGI Kinshasa Gombe |trans-title=Regideso: all company bank accounts blocked by decision of the Kinshasa Gombe TGI |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/02/03/emissions/echos-deconomie/regideso-tous-les-comptes-bancaires-de-la-societe-bloques-sur |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen da kulawa ==
REGIDESO tana jin daɗin matsayin shari'ar kamfanoni kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kasafin kuɗi ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar, yayin da Ma'aikatu ta Makamashi ke gudanar da ayyukanta na fasaha. Yana riƙe da ikon mallakar ma'aikata kan samarwa da rarraba ruwan sha a duk faɗin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Tsarin doka da ke jagorantar REGIDESO an tsara shi a cikin Dokar No. 073-026 na 30 ga Yulin 1973, wanda ya tsara kafa hukumomi daban-daban, gami da kwamitin daraktoci, kwamitin gudanarwa, da kwamitin masu binciken. [1] Bugu da ƙari, Dokar No. 78-197 na 5 ga Mayu 1978, wanda aka aiwatar a ƙarƙashin Dokar No.78-002 na 6 ga Janairu 1978, ta ba da umarni na gaba ɗaya da ya dace da kamfanonin jama'a.[1] Kodayake yana ƙarƙashin doka ta yau da kullun a cikin batutuwan kasafin kuɗi, REGIDESO an cire shi daga wasu wajibai na haraji, gami da ainihin gudummawa da na jadawalin akan samun kudin shiga. Bugu da ƙari, farashin kuɗin sa yana ƙarƙashin amincewar Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, wanda ke ba da waɗannan ƙididdigar ta hanyar dokar ministoci.

=== Ayyuka da manufofi ===
Babban aikin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]], gudanar da wuraren da ruwa ke tattare da ruwa, magani da isar da ruwa, kafa sabbin hanyoyin rarraba ko kari, da kuma sauƙaƙe duk wani ayyukan taimako kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da ke da alaƙa da aikinsa na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cisuaka |first=Blaise Nkashama |date=2013 |title=Organisation et fonctionnement d'un service comptable au sein d'une entreprise publique |trans-title=Organization and operation of an accounting department within a public company |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/13/7629/m_Organisation-et-fonctionnement-d-un-service-comptable-au-sein-d-une-entreprise-publique27.html |access-date=5 September 2024 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Kinshasa |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don cika waɗannan manufofi, REGIDESO yana bin ka'idar da aka ayyana wanda ya haɗa da fadada hanyoyin sadarwar rarrabawa, ganewar abokin ciniki da mai biyan kuɗi, da kuma ayyukan mita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Abu mai mahimmanci, yana da kusan cikakken iko akan amfani da rarraba ruwan sha, sai dai a yankuna inda ba shi da kasancewar ko ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi na musamman tare da Jiha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Zamanin mulkin mallaka (1929-1959) ===
An kafa REGIDESO, wanda a da ake kira ''Société de Distribution d'Eau de Léopoldville'', a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1929,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da hedikwatarsa a Brussels, don samar da ruwan sha ga mazaunan mulkin mallaka. Hukumomin birane a [[Boma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|Boma]], Matadi, Léopoldville (yanzu [[Kinshasa]] ), Coquilhatville (yanzu [[Mbandaka]] ), da Stanleyville (yanzu [[Kisangani]] ) an ba su amanar gudanar da, haɓakawa, da kuma sabunta [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]] .  

Da yake fahimtar abin da ake buƙata don tsarin rarraba ruwa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Belgian Congo|Kwango ta Belgium]] ta ba da Dokar Sarauta (Arrêté Royal) a ranar 28 ga Maris 1933, wanda ya ba da izini ga kafa kamfanin rarraba ruwa wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlancBotton2010&quot;&gt;Blanc, Aymeric; Botton, Sarah (2010). [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf &quot;Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Worldbank.org''. Washington, D.C., United States. p.&amp;nbsp;45&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 August&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan dokar tushe ta kara karuwa a cikin 1939 ta wata doka ta sarauta, wacce ta kafa Régie de Distribution d'Eau et d'Electricité du Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi (REGIDESO).   An ba da sabuwar ƙungiya tare da halayyar doka, wanda ya ba ta damar samun ikon cin gashin kanta a cikin gudanarwarta da faɗaɗa aikinta don haɗawa da rarraba ruwa da wutar lantarki a duk faɗin Belgian Congo da Ruanda-Urundi, tare da hedkwatarta da ke Rue Marie de Bourgogne 30, Brussels.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; A cikin waɗannan shekarun farko, REGIDESO ya kafa mahimman kayan aiki, gami da wuraren warkar da ruwa a Léopoldville. Gidajen da ke Kinsuka tare da [[Kogin Lukanga|Kogin Lukunga]] da Ngaliema Bay kusa da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] sun taimaka wajen samar da ruwa ga yawan mutanen Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, da farko an tsara su tare da rayuwar aiki na kimanin shekaru talatin, waɗannan wuraren nan da nan sun bayyana alamun farko na raunin ababen more rayuwa, suna nuna ƙalubalen da za su mamaye kamfanin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A tsakiyar karni na 20, wutar lantarki da kayan aikin rarraba ruwa na Belgian Congo suna bunkasa cikin sauri, kodayake ba daidai ba ne, ci gaba a fadin lardunan. Rahotanni daga Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka a cikin 1955 sun nuna bambancin Rarraba wutar lantarki a fadin Belgian Congo, tare da lardin Équateur da ba a ba da sabis. A wannan lokacin, umarnin REGIDESO ya wuce rarraba ruwa, ya haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki da rarraba, musamman a cikin birane kamar Coquilhatville . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ofishin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa a duk faɗin mulkin mallaka, zafi da shigarwar diesel-wutan lantarki da hydroelectric. Misali, a yankin Bas-Congo (Kongo ta Tsakiya ta yanzu), an haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta M'Pozo cikin ayyukan REGIDESO a cikin 1948 don cika bukatun makamashi na Matadi, babbar ƙofar teku ta Belgian Congo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga kusa da Léopoldville, wanda Société des Forces Hydro-Electriques de Sanga ta gina, ta fito ne a matsayin mai ba da makamashi ga yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Shuka tana da janareto shida tare da haɗin ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts, wani ɓangare na abin da aka ba da shi ga Societe Textile Africaine don gudanar da masana'antar masana'anta a Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga ta samar da wutar lantarki ga Société Coloniale d'Electricite, wanda ya sauƙaƙa rarraba makamashi a duk faɗin Léopoldville. Koyaya, ƙaruwar buƙatun wutar lantarki a Léopoldville nan da nan ya wuce ƙarfin ababen more rayuwa na yanzu, wanda ya bukaci gina [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo II|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo]], wacce ta fara a 1951 kuma an kammala ta a 1955, tare da raka'a uku kowannensu tare da ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, a wasu larduna, kamar Kasaï da Kivu, REGIDESO ya ci gaba da fadada ayyukanta, yana kafa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki don ba da sabis ga manyan cibiyoyin birane na yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Misali, REGIDESO ta yi aiki da tashar wutar lantarki ta diesel a Luluabourg (yanzu [[Kananga]]) tun 1950, wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a uku tare da haɗin ƙarfin kilowatts 860, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi aiki a matsayin ajiyar raka'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A cikin Lardin Kivu, wuraren da ke [[Bukavu]], wanda REGIDESO ke sarrafawa, sun haɗa da tashar hydroelectric tare da raka'a uku da suka kai kilowatts 285 da kuma tashar diesel-electric tare le raka'a biyar tare da jimlar ƙarfin kilowatts 1,575, wanda aka gudanar da raka'ar 400-kilowatt a ajiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;</text>
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'''Régie de Distribution d'Eau''', wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin REGIDESO, kamfani ne mai amfani da jihar wanda ke kan Boulevard Du 30 Yuni, a cikin garin Gombe na [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Yana da alhakin samarwa da '''''[[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]]''''' a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haɗa da birane da yankunan karkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REGIDESO |title=Site Web de la Regideso SA |url=https://regideso.cd/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=regideo-rdc.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a 1929, REGIDESO yana aiki da kansa a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Fasahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Regideso: tous les comptes bancaires de la société bloqués sur décision du TGI Kinshasa Gombe |trans-title=Regideso: all company bank accounts blocked by decision of the Kinshasa Gombe TGI |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/02/03/emissions/echos-deconomie/regideso-tous-les-comptes-bancaires-de-la-societe-bloques-sur |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen da kulawa ==
REGIDESO tana jin daɗin matsayin shari'ar kamfanoni kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kasafin kuɗi ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar, yayin da Ma'aikatu ta Makamashi ke gudanar da ayyukanta na fasaha. Yana riƙe da ikon mallakar ma'aikata kan samarwa da rarraba ruwan sha a duk faɗin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Tsarin doka da ke jagorantar REGIDESO an tsara shi a cikin Dokar No. 073-026 na 30 ga Yulin 1973, wanda ya tsara kafa hukumomi daban-daban, gami da kwamitin daraktoci, kwamitin gudanarwa, da kwamitin masu binciken. [1] Bugu da ƙari, Dokar No. 78-197 na 5 ga Mayu 1978, wanda aka aiwatar a ƙarƙashin Dokar No.78-002 na 6 ga Janairu 1978, ta ba da umarni na gaba ɗaya da ya dace da kamfanonin jama'a.[1] Kodayake yana ƙarƙashin doka ta yau da kullun a cikin batutuwan kasafin kuɗi, REGIDESO an cire shi daga wasu wajibai na haraji, gami da ainihin gudummawa da na jadawalin akan samun kudin shiga. Bugu da ƙari, farashin kuɗin sa yana ƙarƙashin amincewar Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, wanda ke ba da waɗannan ƙididdigar ta hanyar dokar ministoci.

=== Ayyuka da manufofi ===
Babban aikin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]], gudanar da wuraren da ruwa ke tattare da ruwa, magani da isar da ruwa, kafa sabbin hanyoyin rarraba ko kari, da kuma sauƙaƙe duk wani ayyukan taimako kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da ke da alaƙa da aikinsa na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cisuaka |first=Blaise Nkashama |date=2013 |title=Organisation et fonctionnement d'un service comptable au sein d'une entreprise publique |trans-title=Organization and operation of an accounting department within a public company |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/13/7629/m_Organisation-et-fonctionnement-d-un-service-comptable-au-sein-d-une-entreprise-publique27.html |access-date=5 September 2024 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Kinshasa |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don cika waɗannan manufofi, REGIDESO yana bin ka'idar da aka ayyana wanda ya haɗa da fadada hanyoyin sadarwar rarrabawa, ganewar abokin ciniki da mai biyan kuɗi, da kuma ayyukan mita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Abu mai mahimmanci, yana da kusan cikakken iko akan amfani da rarraba ruwan sha, sai dai a yankuna inda ba shi da kasancewar ko ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi na musamman tare da Jiha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Zamanin mulkin mallaka (1929-1959) ===
An kafa REGIDESO, wanda a da ake kira ''Société de Distribution d'Eau de Léopoldville'', a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1929,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da hedikwatarsa a Brussels, don samar da ruwan sha ga mazaunan mulkin mallaka. Hukumomin birane a [[Boma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|Boma]], Matadi, Léopoldville (yanzu [[Kinshasa]] ), Coquilhatville (yanzu [[Mbandaka]] ), da Stanleyville (yanzu [[Kisangani]] ) an ba su amanar gudanar da, haɓakawa, da kuma sabunta [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]] .  

Da yake fahimtar abin da ake buƙata don tsarin rarraba ruwa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Belgian Congo|Kwango ta Belgium]] ta ba da Dokar Sarauta (Arrêté Royal) a ranar 28 ga Maris 1933, wanda ya ba da izini ga kafa kamfanin rarraba ruwa wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlancBotton2010&quot;&gt;Blanc, Aymeric; Botton, Sarah (2010). [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf &quot;Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Worldbank.org''. Washington, D.C., United States. p.&amp;nbsp;45&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 August&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan dokar tushe ta kara karuwa a cikin 1939 ta wata doka ta sarauta, wacce ta kafa Régie de Distribution d'Eau et d'Electricité du Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi (REGIDESO).   An ba da sabuwar ƙungiya tare da halayyar doka, wanda ya ba ta damar samun ikon cin gashin kanta a cikin gudanarwarta da faɗaɗa aikinta don haɗawa da rarraba ruwa da wutar lantarki a duk faɗin Belgian Congo da Ruanda-Urundi, tare da hedkwatarta da ke Rue Marie de Bourgogne 30, Brussels.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; A cikin waɗannan shekarun farko, REGIDESO ya kafa mahimman kayan aiki, gami da wuraren warkar da ruwa a Léopoldville. Gidajen da ke Kinsuka tare da [[Kogin Lukanga|Kogin Lukunga]] da Ngaliema Bay kusa da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] sun taimaka wajen samar da ruwa ga yawan mutanen Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, da farko an tsara su tare da rayuwar aiki na kimanin shekaru talatin, waɗannan wuraren nan da nan sun bayyana alamun farko na raunin ababen more rayuwa, suna nuna ƙalubalen da za su mamaye kamfanin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A tsakiyar karni na 20, wutar lantarki da kayan aikin rarraba ruwa na Belgian Congo suna bunkasa cikin sauri, kodayake ba daidai ba ne, ci gaba a fadin lardunan. Rahotanni daga Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka a cikin 1955 sun nuna bambancin Rarraba wutar lantarki a fadin Belgian Congo, tare da lardin Équateur da ba a ba da sabis. A wannan lokacin, umarnin REGIDESO ya wuce rarraba ruwa, ya haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki da rarraba, musamman a cikin birane kamar Coquilhatville . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ofishin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa a duk faɗin mulkin mallaka, zafi da shigarwar diesel-wutan lantarki da hydroelectric. Misali, a yankin Bas-Congo (Kongo ta Tsakiya ta yanzu), an haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta M'Pozo cikin ayyukan REGIDESO a cikin 1948 don cika bukatun makamashi na Matadi, babbar ƙofar teku ta Belgian Congo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga kusa da Léopoldville, wanda Société des Forces Hydro-Electriques de Sanga ta gina, ta fito ne a matsayin mai ba da makamashi ga yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Shuka tana da janareto shida tare da haɗin ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts, wani ɓangare na abin da aka ba da shi ga Societe Textile Africaine don gudanar da masana'antar masana'anta a Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga ta samar da wutar lantarki ga Société Coloniale d'Electricite, wanda ya sauƙaƙa rarraba makamashi a duk faɗin Léopoldville. Koyaya, ƙaruwar buƙatun wutar lantarki a Léopoldville nan da nan ya wuce ƙarfin ababen more rayuwa na yanzu, wanda ya bukaci gina [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo II|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo]], wacce ta fara a 1951 kuma an kammala ta a 1955, tare da raka'a uku kowannensu tare da ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, a wasu larduna, kamar Kasaï da Kivu, REGIDESO ya ci gaba da fadada ayyukanta, yana kafa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki don ba da sabis ga manyan cibiyoyin birane na yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Misali, REGIDESO ta yi aiki da tashar wutar lantarki ta diesel a Luluabourg (yanzu [[Kananga]]) tun 1950, wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a uku tare da haɗin ƙarfin kilowatts 860, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi aiki a matsayin ajiyar raka'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A cikin Lardin Kivu, wuraren da ke [[Bukavu]], wanda REGIDESO ke sarrafawa, sun haɗa da tashar hydroelectric tare da raka'a uku da suka kai kilowatts 285 da kuma tashar diesel-electric tare le raka'a biyar tare da jimlar ƙarfin kilowatts 1,575, wanda aka gudanar da raka'ar 400-kilowatt a ajiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Bayan mulkin mallaka na Kongo, faɗaɗa ayyuka da cibiyoyin tsabtace ruwa ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 460
| image1            = Regideso 0302 Kinshasa (8757810928).jpg
| caption1          = Tushen ruwa a gaban hedkwatar REGIDESO a Kinshasa
| image2            = La REGIDESO-Goma vue à l'entrée.jpg
| caption2          = Duban ofishin REGIDESO a Goma
}}

Bayan samun ’yancin ƙasar, sabuwar hukumar da aka kafa ta fuskanci manyan sauye-sauye. Dokar 25 ga Agusta 1966 ta soke dokar 30 ga Disamba 1939 tare da kafa sabuwar cibiyar gwamnati mai suna ''Régie de Distribution d’Eau'' (REGIDESO), wadda hedkwatarta ke Gombe, Kinshasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fo1XAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=REGIDESO%201966 |title=Africa and the African Development Bank |publisher=Euromoney |year=1989 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=182 |isbn=978-1-870031-23-3 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake duba yankin aiki da ofishin rajista, yayin da manufar kamfani ta ci gaba da kasancewa kusan iri ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sabuwar hukumar ta ci gaba da kula da ayyukan rarraba ruwa, kayan tallafi na samar da ruwa, aikin famfo, tsabtace ruwa, gudanar da tashoshin wuta, da hanyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki ga Jamhuriyar Zaire kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

An mayar da tsarin gudanarwar REGIDESO zuwa hannun masu zaman kansu shekaru biyu bayan kafuwarta ta hanyar Dokar N° 68 - 116 ta 29 ga Maris 1968. An ba da kulawa ga kamfanin Belgium mai suna ''La COMMIERE'' na tsawon shekaru biyar, amma an soke kwangilar bayan shekaru biyu saboda rikicin shari’a da ya shafi Lorhon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1lEAQAAIAAJ |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 717-722 |publisher=United States Joint Publications Research Service |year=1968 |location=United States |pages=59 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 1978, gwamnati ta miƙa dukkan ayyukan samarwa da rarraba wutar lantarki ga kamfanin wutar lantarki na ƙasa ''[[Société Nationale d’Électricité]]'' (SNEL), daga 1 ga Janairu 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; REGIDESO ta mai da hankali kan samar da ruwan sha da faɗaɗa ayyukan ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Lalacewar cibiyoyi da faɗaɗa ayyuka ===

A shekara ta 1985, cibiyoyin ruwa a Kinshasa sun tsufa sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; An gina tashar ruwa ta uku a kogin Ndjili a Kingabwa (Limete) domin ƙara ƙarfin samar da ruwa, amma rashin kuɗi ya janyo jinkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Gwamnati ta dogara da tallafin ƙasashen waje, yayin da Bankin Duniya ya taimaka wasu ayyuka, amma ya dakatar da su a 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Har yanzu, ƙarfin samar da ruwa bai isa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Karancin ruwa da katsewar ayyuka ===

REGIDESO ta dogara da kuɗin gwamnati, amma ba a zuba jari mai yawa ba duk da alkawuran gwamnati bayan Taron Ruwa na 1980 a Mar del Plata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A shekarun 1990, an yi amfani da motocin tanki domin kai ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mazauna Kinshasa ne kawai ke samun ruwa a gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Buƙatar ruwa ta zarce samarwa sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

An shirya sabbin tashoshin famfo guda uku, amma yawancin su ba su kammalu ba ko kuma an lalata su.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A Arewacin Kivu, REGIDESO ta samu tallafi daga ICRC da SNHR wajen gyara ruwa a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

Kimanin kashi 80% na kasafin ƙasa ya tafi yaƙi a zamanin Laurent-Désiré Kabila.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Sabbin ci gaba ===

A 2004, an gyara cibiyar ruwa a Isiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2004 |title=L'eau coule de nouveau au robinet à Isiro, dans la Province Orientale |trans-title=Water is flowing again from the tap in Isiro, in the Orientale Province |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2004/05/11/l%25e2%2580%2599eau-coule-de-nouveau-au-robinet-a-isiro-dans-la-province-orientale-4 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya, Kisangani ta fuskanci ƙarancin chlorine da sace-sacen kayayyaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 September 2004 |title=Bientôt la Regideso Kisangani sera à cours de chlore |trans-title=Soon Regideso Kisangani will run out of chlorine |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2004/09/10/bientot-la-regideso-kisangani-sera-a-cours-de-chlore |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2004 |title=Kisangani: pillage des installations de l'usine de captage d'eau de la Regideso |trans-title=Kisangani: Looting of the Regideso water catchment plant facilities |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2004/09/16/kisangani-pillage-des-installations-de-l%25e2%2580%2599usine-de-captage-d%25e2%2580%2599eau-de-la-regideso-3 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Kalemie an samu katsewar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2005 |title=Il pleut abondamment ces derniers temps à Bukavu et dans d'autres villes du Sud-Kivu |trans-title=It has been raining heavily recently in Bukavu and other towns in South Kivu |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2005/01/05/il-pleut-abondamment-ces-derniers-temps-a-bukavu-et-dans-d-autres-villes-du-sud-kivu-2 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 2005, Tarayyar Turai ta taimaka wajen shigar da bututun ruwa a Bunia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 March 2005 |title=L'Union Européenne finance le placement des tuyaux de la REGIDESO à Bunia |trans-title=The European Union finances the installation of REGIDESO pipes in Bunia |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2005/03/23/l-union-europeenne-finance-le-placement-des-tuyaux-de-la-regideso-a-bunia-2 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 2006–2008, an ci gaba da gyare-gyare da faɗaɗa hanyoyin ruwa a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ciki har da Kinshasa, Kikwit, Gbadolite, Kalemie da Mwene-Ditu, tare da taimakon EU da EDF da sauran abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2008 |title=La Regideso améliore la fourniture d'eau à Mwene Ditu |trans-title=Regideso improves water supply in Mwene Ditu |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/02/28/la-regideso-ameliore-la-fourniture-deau-a-mwene-ditu |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Régie de Distribution d'Eau''', wanda aka taƙaita a matsayin REGIDESO, kamfani ne mai amfani da jihar wanda ke kan Boulevard Du 30 Yuni, a cikin garin Gombe na [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] . Yana da alhakin samarwa da '''''[[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]]''''' a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haɗa da birane da yankunan karkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=REGIDESO |title=Site Web de la Regideso SA |url=https://regideso.cd/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=regideo-rdc.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa shi a 1929, REGIDESO yana aiki da kansa a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Fasahar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Regideso: tous les comptes bancaires de la société bloqués sur décision du TGI Kinshasa Gombe |trans-title=Regideso: all company bank accounts blocked by decision of the Kinshasa Gombe TGI |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/02/03/emissions/echos-deconomie/regideso-tous-les-comptes-bancaires-de-la-societe-bloques-sur |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen da kulawa ==
REGIDESO tana jin daɗin matsayin shari'ar kamfanoni kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kasafin kuɗi ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar, yayin da Ma'aikatu ta Makamashi ke gudanar da ayyukanta na fasaha. Yana riƙe da ikon mallakar ma'aikata kan samarwa da rarraba ruwan sha a duk faɗin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Tsarin doka da ke jagorantar REGIDESO an tsara shi a cikin Dokar No. 073-026 na 30 ga Yulin 1973, wanda ya tsara kafa hukumomi daban-daban, gami da kwamitin daraktoci, kwamitin gudanarwa, da kwamitin masu binciken. [1] Bugu da ƙari, Dokar No. 78-197 na 5 ga Mayu 1978, wanda aka aiwatar a ƙarƙashin Dokar No.78-002 na 6 ga Janairu 1978, ta ba da umarni na gaba ɗaya da ya dace da kamfanonin jama'a.[1] Kodayake yana ƙarƙashin doka ta yau da kullun a cikin batutuwan kasafin kuɗi, REGIDESO an cire shi daga wasu wajibai na haraji, gami da ainihin gudummawa da na jadawalin akan samun kudin shiga. Bugu da ƙari, farashin kuɗin sa yana ƙarƙashin amincewar Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki, wanda ke ba da waɗannan ƙididdigar ta hanyar dokar ministoci.

=== Ayyuka da manufofi ===
Babban aikin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa]], gudanar da wuraren da ruwa ke tattare da ruwa, magani da isar da ruwa, kafa sabbin hanyoyin rarraba ko kari, da kuma sauƙaƙe duk wani ayyukan taimako kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da ke da alaƙa da aikinsa na farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cisuaka |first=Blaise Nkashama |date=2013 |title=Organisation et fonctionnement d'un service comptable au sein d'une entreprise publique |trans-title=Organization and operation of an accounting department within a public company |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/10/13/7629/m_Organisation-et-fonctionnement-d-un-service-comptable-au-sein-d-une-entreprise-publique27.html |access-date=5 September 2024 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Kinshasa |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 June 2008 |title=C'est quoi la Regideso et quelle est sa mission? |trans-title=What is Regideso and what is its mission? |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/06/10/cest-quoi-la-regideso-et-quelle-est-sa-mission |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Don cika waɗannan manufofi, REGIDESO yana bin ka'idar da aka ayyana wanda ya haɗa da fadada hanyoyin sadarwar rarrabawa, ganewar abokin ciniki da mai biyan kuɗi, da kuma ayyukan mita.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Abu mai mahimmanci, yana da kusan cikakken iko akan amfani da rarraba ruwan sha, sai dai a yankuna inda ba shi da kasancewar ko ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi na musamman tare da Jiha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Zamanin mulkin mallaka (1929-1959) ===
An kafa REGIDESO, wanda a da ake kira ''Société de Distribution d'Eau de Léopoldville'', a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1929,  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da hedikwatarsa a Brussels, don samar da ruwan sha ga mazaunan mulkin mallaka. Hukumomin birane a [[Boma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo|Boma]], Matadi, Léopoldville (yanzu [[Kinshasa]] ), Coquilhatville (yanzu [[Mbandaka]] ), da Stanleyville (yanzu [[Kisangani]] ) an ba su amanar gudanar da, haɓakawa, da kuma sabunta [[Tsarin rarraba ruwa|rarraba ruwa]] .  

Da yake fahimtar abin da ake buƙata don tsarin rarraba ruwa, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Belgian Congo|Kwango ta Belgium]] ta ba da Dokar Sarauta (Arrêté Royal) a ranar 28 ga Maris 1933, wanda ya ba da izini ga kafa kamfanin rarraba ruwa wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Blanc |first=Aymeric |last2=Botton |first2=Sarah |date=2010 |title=Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Worldbank.org |page=45 |language=English |publication-place=Washington, D.C., United States}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBlancBotton2010&quot;&gt;Blanc, Aymeric; Botton, Sarah (2010). [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/595271497945716409/pdf/116467-WP-PUBLIC-water-services-and-the-private-sector-in-developing-countries.pdf &quot;Water services and the private sector in developing countries: Comparative perceptions and discussion dynamics&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Worldbank.org''. Washington, D.C., United States. p.&amp;nbsp;45&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 August&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan dokar tushe ta kara karuwa a cikin 1939 ta wata doka ta sarauta, wacce ta kafa Régie de Distribution d'Eau et d'Electricité du Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi (REGIDESO).   An ba da sabuwar ƙungiya tare da halayyar doka, wanda ya ba ta damar samun ikon cin gashin kanta a cikin gudanarwarta da faɗaɗa aikinta don haɗawa da rarraba ruwa da wutar lantarki a duk faɗin Belgian Congo da Ruanda-Urundi, tare da hedkwatarta da ke Rue Marie de Bourgogne 30, Brussels.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; A cikin waɗannan shekarun farko, REGIDESO ya kafa mahimman kayan aiki, gami da wuraren warkar da ruwa a Léopoldville. Gidajen da ke Kinsuka tare da [[Kogin Lukanga|Kogin Lukunga]] da Ngaliema Bay kusa da [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]] sun taimaka wajen samar da ruwa ga yawan mutanen Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, da farko an tsara su tare da rayuwar aiki na kimanin shekaru talatin, waɗannan wuraren nan da nan sun bayyana alamun farko na raunin ababen more rayuwa, suna nuna ƙalubalen da za su mamaye kamfanin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A tsakiyar karni na 20, wutar lantarki da kayan aikin rarraba ruwa na Belgian Congo suna bunkasa cikin sauri, kodayake ba daidai ba ne, ci gaba a fadin lardunan. Rahotanni daga Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta Amurka a cikin 1955 sun nuna bambancin Rarraba wutar lantarki a fadin Belgian Congo, tare da lardin Équateur da ba a ba da sabis. A wannan lokacin, umarnin REGIDESO ya wuce rarraba ruwa, ya haɗa da samar da wutar lantarki da rarraba, musamman a cikin birane kamar Coquilhatville . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ofishin REGIDESO ya haɗa da gudanar da tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa a duk faɗin mulkin mallaka, zafi da shigarwar diesel-wutan lantarki da hydroelectric. Misali, a yankin Bas-Congo (Kongo ta Tsakiya ta yanzu), an haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta M'Pozo cikin ayyukan REGIDESO a cikin 1948 don cika bukatun makamashi na Matadi, babbar ƙofar teku ta Belgian Congo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga kusa da Léopoldville, wanda Société des Forces Hydro-Electriques de Sanga ta gina, ta fito ne a matsayin mai ba da makamashi ga yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Shuka tana da janareto shida tare da haɗin ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts, wani ɓangare na abin da aka ba da shi ga Societe Textile Africaine don gudanar da masana'antar masana'anta a Léopoldville.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Tashar wutar lantarki ta Sanga ta samar da wutar lantarki ga Société Coloniale d'Electricite, wanda ya sauƙaƙa rarraba makamashi a duk faɗin Léopoldville. Koyaya, ƙaruwar buƙatun wutar lantarki a Léopoldville nan da nan ya wuce ƙarfin ababen more rayuwa na yanzu, wanda ya bukaci gina [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zongo II|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Zongo]], wacce ta fara a 1951 kuma an kammala ta a 1955, tare da raka'a uku kowannensu tare da ƙarfin 10,500 kilowatts. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A halin yanzu, a wasu larduna, kamar Kasaï da Kivu, REGIDESO ya ci gaba da fadada ayyukanta, yana kafa sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki don ba da sabis ga manyan cibiyoyin birane na yankin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Misali, REGIDESO ta yi aiki da tashar wutar lantarki ta diesel a Luluabourg (yanzu [[Kananga]]) tun 1950, wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a uku tare da haɗin ƙarfin kilowatts 860, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi aiki a matsayin ajiyar raka'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; A cikin Lardin Kivu, wuraren da ke [[Bukavu]], wanda REGIDESO ke sarrafawa, sun haɗa da tashar hydroelectric tare da raka'a uku da suka kai kilowatts 285 da kuma tashar diesel-electric tare le raka'a biyar tare da jimlar ƙarfin kilowatts 1,575, wanda aka gudanar da raka'ar 400-kilowatt a ajiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Bayan mulkin mallaka na Kongo, faɗaɗa ayyuka da cibiyoyin tsabtace ruwa ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 460
| image1            = Regideso 0302 Kinshasa (8757810928).jpg
| caption1          = Tushen ruwa a gaban hedkwatar REGIDESO a Kinshasa
| image2            = La REGIDESO-Goma vue à l'entrée.jpg
| caption2          = Duban ofishin REGIDESO a Goma
}}

Bayan samun ’yancin ƙasar, sabuwar hukumar da aka kafa ta fuskanci manyan sauye-sauye. Dokar 25 ga Agusta 1966 ta soke dokar 30 ga Disamba 1939 tare da kafa sabuwar cibiyar gwamnati mai suna ''Régie de Distribution d’Eau'' (REGIDESO), wadda hedkwatarta ke Gombe, Kinshasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fo1XAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=REGIDESO%201966 |title=Africa and the African Development Bank |publisher=Euromoney |year=1989 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=182 |isbn=978-1-870031-23-3 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An sake duba yankin aiki da ofishin rajista, yayin da manufar kamfani ta ci gaba da kasancewa kusan iri ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sabuwar hukumar ta ci gaba da kula da ayyukan rarraba ruwa, kayan tallafi na samar da ruwa, aikin famfo, tsabtace ruwa, gudanar da tashoshin wuta, da hanyoyin rarraba wutar lantarki ga Jamhuriyar Zaire kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

An mayar da tsarin gudanarwar REGIDESO zuwa hannun masu zaman kansu shekaru biyu bayan kafuwarta ta hanyar Dokar N° 68 - 116 ta 29 ga Maris 1968. An ba da kulawa ga kamfanin Belgium mai suna ''La COMMIERE'' na tsawon shekaru biyar, amma an soke kwangilar bayan shekaru biyu saboda rikicin shari’a da ya shafi Lorhon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1lEAQAAIAAJ |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 717-722 |publisher=United States Joint Publications Research Service |year=1968 |location=United States |pages=59 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 1978, gwamnati ta miƙa dukkan ayyukan samarwa da rarraba wutar lantarki ga kamfanin wutar lantarki na ƙasa ''[[Société Nationale d’Électricité]]'' (SNEL), daga 1 ga Janairu 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; REGIDESO ta mai da hankali kan samar da ruwan sha da faɗaɗa ayyukan ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Lalacewar cibiyoyi da faɗaɗa ayyuka ===

A shekara ta 1985, cibiyoyin ruwa a Kinshasa sun tsufa sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; An gina tashar ruwa ta uku a kogin Ndjili a Kingabwa (Limete) domin ƙara ƙarfin samar da ruwa, amma rashin kuɗi ya janyo jinkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Gwamnati ta dogara da tallafin ƙasashen waje, yayin da Bankin Duniya ya taimaka wasu ayyuka, amma ya dakatar da su a 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Har yanzu, ƙarfin samar da ruwa bai isa ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Karancin ruwa da katsewar ayyuka ===

REGIDESO ta dogara da kuɗin gwamnati, amma ba a zuba jari mai yawa ba duk da alkawuran gwamnati bayan Taron Ruwa na 1980 a Mar del Plata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A shekarun 1990, an yi amfani da motocin tanki domin kai ruwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mazauna Kinshasa ne kawai ke samun ruwa a gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Buƙatar ruwa ta zarce samarwa sosai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

An shirya sabbin tashoshin famfo guda uku, amma yawancin su ba su kammalu ba ko kuma an lalata su.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

A Arewacin Kivu, REGIDESO ta samu tallafi daga ICRC da SNHR wajen gyara ruwa a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

Kimanin kashi 80% na kasafin ƙasa ya tafi yaƙi a zamanin Laurent-Désiré Kabila.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Sabbin ci gaba ===

A 2004, an gyara cibiyar ruwa a Isiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 May 2004 |title=L'eau coule de nouveau au robinet à Isiro, dans la Province Orientale |trans-title=Water is flowing again from the tap in Isiro, in the Orientale Province |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2004/05/11/l%25e2%2580%2599eau-coule-de-nouveau-au-robinet-a-isiro-dans-la-province-orientale-4 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga baya, Kisangani ta fuskanci ƙarancin chlorine da sace-sacen kayayyaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 September 2004 |title=Bientôt la Regideso Kisangani sera à cours de chlore |trans-title=Soon Regideso Kisangani will run out of chlorine |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2004/09/10/bientot-la-regideso-kisangani-sera-a-cours-de-chlore |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2004 |title=Kisangani: pillage des installations de l'usine de captage d'eau de la Regideso |trans-title=Kisangani: Looting of the Regideso water catchment plant facilities |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2004/09/16/kisangani-pillage-des-installations-de-l%25e2%2580%2599usine-de-captage-d%25e2%2580%2599eau-de-la-regideso-3 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Kalemie an samu katsewar ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2005 |title=Il pleut abondamment ces derniers temps à Bukavu et dans d'autres villes du Sud-Kivu |trans-title=It has been raining heavily recently in Bukavu and other towns in South Kivu |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2005/01/05/il-pleut-abondamment-ces-derniers-temps-a-bukavu-et-dans-d-autres-villes-du-sud-kivu-2 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=Radio Okapi |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 2005, Tarayyar Turai ta taimaka wajen shigar da bututun ruwa a Bunia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 March 2005 |title=L'Union Européenne finance le placement des tuyaux de la REGIDESO à Bunia |trans-title=The European Union finances the installation of REGIDESO pipes in Bunia |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2005/03/23/l-union-europeenne-finance-le-placement-des-tuyaux-de-la-regideso-a-bunia-2 |access-date=5 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A 2006–2008, an ci gaba da gyare-gyare da faɗaɗa hanyoyin ruwa a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, ciki har da Kinshasa, Kikwit, Gbadolite, Kalemie da Mwene-Ditu, tare da taimakon EU da EDF da sauran abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 February 2008 |title=La Regideso améliore la fourniture d'eau à Mwene Ditu |trans-title=Regideso improves water supply in Mwene Ditu |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/2008/02/28/la-regideso-ameliore-la-fourniture-deau-a-mwene-ditu |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>496ap7v72lk3oecomvldaecz65ae17c</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Lloyd A. Thompson</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Najaatu</username>
        <id>33569</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316491865|Lloyd A. Thompson]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Lloyd Arthur Thompson''' (24 Yuni 1932 [[Barbados]] - 28 Agusta 1997) ya kasance [[Ɗan Nijeriya|dan kasar Najeriya ne masanin gargajiya]], kuma masanin kimiyya.

== Rayuwa ==
Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin St John, Cambridge, da MA. Ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] [[Najeriya]], na tsawon shekaru 40.

Watan Ya auri Alma Rosalind Platten a ranar 1 ga Satumba shekarar 1956; suna da yarinya daya da' ya'ya maza biyu.

== Kyaututtuka ==

* 1990 Kyautar Littafin Amurka

== Ayyuka ==

*  
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]]</text>
      <sha1>phoebztz7icgo9nowm174kz2vgwx8b2</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Chukwuebuka Ibeh</title>
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        <username>Bembety</username>
        <id>20498</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357376121|Chukwuebuka Ibeh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Chukwuebuka [[Inyamurai|Ibo]]''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) marubuci ne ɗan Najeriya ɗan asalin Igbo daga Port Harcourt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://masobebooks.com/ng/writer/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Masobe Books |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinsa na farko , Blessings, an buga shi a cikin 2024 ta Penguin Random House a ƙarƙashin Alamar Viking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=By |date=2024-04-22 |title=“Blessings” Review: Chukwuebuka Ibeh Tells a Tale of Sexuality, Family, and Love |url=https://culturecustodian.com/blessings-review-chukwuebuka-ibeh-tells-a-tale-of-sexuality-family-and-love/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa suna bincika asalin LGBT+ a Najeriya kuma suna nazarin tasirin Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa) a rayuwar 'yan Najeriya masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh: 9780593687543 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/743880/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ibeh a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers kafin ta koma [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. A can, ya yi karatu kuma ya koyar da rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis kafin ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'an Bucknell . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
'''Blessings''' labari ne na almara mai ɗauke da wasu abubuwa daga rayuwar marubucinsa, wanda ya samo asali daga abubuwan da Ibeh ya fuskanta yayin da yake girma a makarantar kwana ta Kirista. A can, ya fi jin yana cikin aminci idan ya ɓoye batun sha'awarsa ta jima'i daga sauran mutane..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Rubuce-rubucensa sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da McSweeney's, New England Review, da Lolwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=McSweeney's Issue 56 |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lolwe |last2=Troy |date=2020-05-18 |title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh &quot;Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding 'Blessings' in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed&quot;]. ''Pride Source''. 2024-05-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2023, an zaba shi a matsayin mai zane-zane a Spruceton Inn Artist Residency .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Novelist |url=https://calendar.utk.edu/event/chukwuebuka-ibeh-novelist |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Calendar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ &quot;Chukwuebuka Ibeh&quot;]. ''Lolwe Academy''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, an kira shi daya daga cikin sabbin muryoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Najeriya ta Electric Literature . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Jess |date=2019-07-11 |title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction |url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibeh ya halarci bitar rubuce-rubuce wanda [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ya jagoranta a matsayin matashi marubuci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://www.afreada.com/interviews/chukwuebuka-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=AFREADA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=&quot;The Blessings of Queer Lives&quot;: In Conversation with Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Darlington Chibueze Anuonye |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2024/03/the-blessings-of-queer-lives-in-conversation-with-chukwuebuka-ibeh-darlington-chibueze-anuonye/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2026, ya sauƙaƙa babban darasi na wallafe-wallafen ga marubutan da ke da burin rubuce-rubuce a [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], inda ya raba fahimta game da rubuce-wallafe masu kirkiro, ba da labari, da kuma tsarin bugawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh to Facilitate Literature Masterclass for Aspiring Writers in Enugu - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-facilitate-literature-masterclass-aspiring-writers-enugu/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ibeh ya fara rubuta littafinsa na farko na LGBT+ +, Blessings, a kan takarda kafin daga baya ya buga rubutun a cikin kwamfuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=C.J |first=Nelson |date=2024-02-23 |title=How Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh Turned Scraps of Paper Into 'Blessings,' His Debut Novel |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/how-nigerian-author-chukwuebuka-ibeh-turned-scraps-of-paper-into-blessings-his-debut-novel/278300 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=okayafrica |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dehghan |first=Saeed Kamali |date=2025-01-24 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Homophobia, Challenges of Writing in Nigeria, and the Power of Storytelling |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/01/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-homophobia-challenges-of-writing-in-nigeria-and-the-power-of-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya dauki shi shekaru biyu don kammala bayan ya rubuta babi na farko a cikin 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2023-06-20 |title=How I wrote 'Blessings', by Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-i-wrote-blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ambaci mutane masu wallafe-wallafen kamar su [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Cyprian Ekwensi]], [[Buchi Emecheta]], Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, [[Raymond Carver]], da Jhumpa Lahiri a matsayin muhimman tasiri a rubuce-rubucensa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon aikinsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata a kan shafin yanar gizon BellaNaija na Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Author at BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/author/chukwuebuka/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2025, Littattafan Lantarki sun lissafa shi a cikin marubuta bakwai a cikin tattaunawa tare da kakanninsu na wallafe-wallafen, suna kwatanta ''Albarka'' da Yanayin Nervous na Tsitsi Dangarembga . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Assistant2 |first=E. L. |date=2025-08-14 |title=7 African Novelists in Conversation With Their Literary Ancestors |url=https://electricliterature.com/7-african-novelists-in-conversation-with-their-literary-ancestors/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

* 2024 Kyautar Wilbur Smith don Albarka - Takaitaccen Lissafi &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDigital2026&quot;&gt;Digital, Make (2026-06-01). [https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 &quot;2024 Shortlist&quot;]. ''Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |date=2024-05-30 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Wilbur Smith Adventure Writing Prize 2024 shortlist |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-wilbur-smith-adventure-writing-prize-2024-shortlist/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021 J.F. Powers Prize for Fiction - Runner up &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The J.F. Powers Prize in Fiction |url=https://www.dappledthings.org/the-jf-powers-prize-for-short-fiction |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Dappled Things |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ibeh is runner-up of 2021 J.F Powers Prize for Fiction |url=https://dailytrust.com/ibeh-is-runner-up-of-2021-j-f-powers-prize-for-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 Morland Foundation Scholarship - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=19 Writers Shortlisted from 992 Entries: The 2020 Miles Morland Writing Scholarship |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/10/19-writers-shortlisted-from-992-entries-the-2020-miles-morland-writing-scholarship/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 Gerald Kraak Award - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Other Foundation {{!}} |url=https://theotherfoundation.org/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan littattafai ==

=== Littattafai ===
 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10681" sha1="ewpg69ng2mhjmtmqk4v40737vcyubne" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Chukwuebuka Ibeh
| birth_date         = (born 2000)
| birth_place        = [[Port Harcourt]]
| citizenship        = [[Nigerian]]
| education          = [[Washington University in St. Louis]]
| occupation         = [[Writer]] [[Professor]]
| employer           = [[Bucknell University]]
| known_for          = [[Literature]]
| notable_works      = [[Blessings (novel)]]
}}
'''Chukwuebuka [[Inyamurai|Ibo]]''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) marubuci ne ɗan Najeriya ɗan asalin Igbo daga Port Harcourt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://masobebooks.com/ng/writer/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Masobe Books |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinsa na farko , Blessings, an buga shi a cikin 2024 ta Penguin Random House a ƙarƙashin Alamar Viking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=By |date=2024-04-22 |title=“Blessings” Review: Chukwuebuka Ibeh Tells a Tale of Sexuality, Family, and Love |url=https://culturecustodian.com/blessings-review-chukwuebuka-ibeh-tells-a-tale-of-sexuality-family-and-love/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa suna bincika asalin LGBT+ a Najeriya kuma suna nazarin tasirin Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa) a rayuwar 'yan Najeriya masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh: 9780593687543 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/743880/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ibeh a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers kafin ta koma [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. A can, ya yi karatu kuma ya koyar da rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis kafin ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'an Bucknell . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
'''Blessings''' labari ne na almara mai ɗauke da wasu abubuwa daga rayuwar marubucinsa, wanda ya samo asali daga abubuwan da Ibeh ya fuskanta yayin da yake girma a makarantar kwana ta Kirista. A can, ya fi jin yana cikin aminci idan ya ɓoye batun sha'awarsa ta jima'i daga sauran mutane..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Rubuce-rubucensa sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da McSweeney's, New England Review, da Lolwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=McSweeney's Issue 56 |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lolwe |last2=Troy |date=2020-05-18 |title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh &quot;Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding 'Blessings' in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed&quot;]. ''Pride Source''. 2024-05-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2023, an zaba shi a matsayin mai zane-zane a Spruceton Inn Artist Residency .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Novelist |url=https://calendar.utk.edu/event/chukwuebuka-ibeh-novelist |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Calendar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ &quot;Chukwuebuka Ibeh&quot;]. ''Lolwe Academy''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, an kira shi daya daga cikin sabbin muryoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Najeriya ta Electric Literature . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Jess |date=2019-07-11 |title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction |url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibeh ya halarci bitar rubuce-rubuce wanda [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ya jagoranta a matsayin matashi marubuci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://www.afreada.com/interviews/chukwuebuka-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=AFREADA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=&quot;The Blessings of Queer Lives&quot;: In Conversation with Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Darlington Chibueze Anuonye |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2024/03/the-blessings-of-queer-lives-in-conversation-with-chukwuebuka-ibeh-darlington-chibueze-anuonye/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2026, ya sauƙaƙa babban darasi na wallafe-wallafen ga marubutan da ke da burin rubuce-rubuce a [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], inda ya raba fahimta game da rubuce-wallafe masu kirkiro, ba da labari, da kuma tsarin bugawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh to Facilitate Literature Masterclass for Aspiring Writers in Enugu - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-facilitate-literature-masterclass-aspiring-writers-enugu/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ibeh ya fara rubuta littafinsa na farko na LGBT+ +, Blessings, a kan takarda kafin daga baya ya buga rubutun a cikin kwamfuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=C.J |first=Nelson |date=2024-02-23 |title=How Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh Turned Scraps of Paper Into 'Blessings,' His Debut Novel |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/how-nigerian-author-chukwuebuka-ibeh-turned-scraps-of-paper-into-blessings-his-debut-novel/278300 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=okayafrica |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dehghan |first=Saeed Kamali |date=2025-01-24 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Homophobia, Challenges of Writing in Nigeria, and the Power of Storytelling |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/01/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-homophobia-challenges-of-writing-in-nigeria-and-the-power-of-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya dauki shi shekaru biyu don kammala bayan ya rubuta babi na farko a cikin 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2023-06-20 |title=How I wrote 'Blessings', by Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-i-wrote-blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ambaci mutane masu wallafe-wallafen kamar su [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Cyprian Ekwensi]], [[Buchi Emecheta]], Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, [[Raymond Carver]], da Jhumpa Lahiri a matsayin muhimman tasiri a rubuce-rubucensa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon aikinsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata a kan shafin yanar gizon BellaNaija na Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Author at BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/author/chukwuebuka/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2025, Littattafan Lantarki sun lissafa shi a cikin marubuta bakwai a cikin tattaunawa tare da kakanninsu na wallafe-wallafen, suna kwatanta ''Albarka'' da Yanayin Nervous na Tsitsi Dangarembga . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Assistant2 |first=E. L. |date=2025-08-14 |title=7 African Novelists in Conversation With Their Literary Ancestors |url=https://electricliterature.com/7-african-novelists-in-conversation-with-their-literary-ancestors/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

* 2024 Kyautar Wilbur Smith don Albarka - Takaitaccen Lissafi &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDigital2026&quot;&gt;Digital, Make (2026-06-01). [https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 &quot;2024 Shortlist&quot;]. ''Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |date=2024-05-30 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Wilbur Smith Adventure Writing Prize 2024 shortlist |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-wilbur-smith-adventure-writing-prize-2024-shortlist/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021 J.F. Powers Prize for Fiction - Runner up &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The J.F. Powers Prize in Fiction |url=https://www.dappledthings.org/the-jf-powers-prize-for-short-fiction |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Dappled Things |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ibeh is runner-up of 2021 J.F Powers Prize for Fiction |url=https://dailytrust.com/ibeh-is-runner-up-of-2021-j-f-powers-prize-for-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 Morland Foundation Scholarship - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=19 Writers Shortlisted from 992 Entries: The 2020 Miles Morland Writing Scholarship |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/10/19-writers-shortlisted-from-992-entries-the-2020-miles-morland-writing-scholarship/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 Gerald Kraak Award - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Other Foundation {{!}} |url=https://theotherfoundation.org/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan littattafai ==

=== Littattafai ===
 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:21:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bembety</username>
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      <text bytes="10871" sha1="akpwv8af2bkddv41ieuuwg53ntbgxz1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Chukwuebuka Ibeh
| birth_date         = (born 2000)
| birth_place        = [[Port Harcourt]]
| citizenship        = [[Nigerian]]
| education          = [[Washington University in St. Louis]]
| occupation         = [[Writer]] [[Professor]]
| employer           = [[Bucknell University]]
| known_for          = [[Literature]]
| notable_works      = [[Blessings (novel)]]
}}
'''Chukwuebuka [[Inyamurai|Ibo]]''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) marubuci ne ɗan Najeriya ɗan asalin Igbo daga Port Harcourt . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://masobebooks.com/ng/writer/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Masobe Books |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinsa na farko , Blessings, an buga shi a cikin 2024 ta Penguin Random House a ƙarƙashin Alamar Viking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=By |date=2024-04-22 |title=“Blessings” Review: Chukwuebuka Ibeh Tells a Tale of Sexuality, Family, and Love |url=https://culturecustodian.com/blessings-review-chukwuebuka-ibeh-tells-a-tale-of-sexuality-family-and-love/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukansa suna bincika asalin LGBT+ a Najeriya kuma suna nazarin tasirin Dokar Aure na Jima'i (Hakkatarwa) a rayuwar 'yan Najeriya masu zaman kansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh: 9780593687543 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/743880/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ibeh a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers kafin ta koma [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. A can, ya yi karatu kuma ya koyar da rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa a Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis kafin ya zama mataimakin farfesa a Jami'an Bucknell . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
'''Blessings''' labari ne na almara mai ɗauke da wasu abubuwa daga rayuwar marubucinsa, wanda ya samo asali daga abubuwan da Ibeh ya fuskanta yayin da yake girma a makarantar kwana ta Kirista. A can, ya fi jin yana cikin aminci idan ya ɓoye batun sha'awarsa ta jima'i daga sauran mutane..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Rubuce-rubucensa sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe da yawa, ciki har da McSweeney's, New England Review, da Lolwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=McSweeney's Issue 56 |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The McSweeney’s Store |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lolwe |last2=Troy |date=2020-05-18 |title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding ‘Blessings’ in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed |url=https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Pride Source |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://pridesource.com/article/blessings-ibeh &quot;Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Finding 'Blessings' in a Country Where Same-Sex Marriage (and Homosexuality) Is Outlawed&quot;]. ''Pride Source''. 2024-05-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2023, an zaba shi a matsayin mai zane-zane a Spruceton Inn Artist Residency .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Novelist |url=https://calendar.utk.edu/event/chukwuebuka-ibeh-novelist |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Calendar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Lolwe Academy |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://academy.lolwe.org/tutor/chukwuebuka-ibeh/ &quot;Chukwuebuka Ibeh&quot;]. ''Lolwe Academy''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, an kira shi daya daga cikin sabbin muryoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin wallafe-wallafen Najeriya ta Electric Literature . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Jess |date=2019-07-11 |title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction |url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibeh ya halarci bitar rubuce-rubuce wanda [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] ya jagoranta a matsayin matashi marubuci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://www.afreada.com/interviews/chukwuebuka-ibeh |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=AFREADA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=&quot;The Blessings of Queer Lives&quot;: In Conversation with Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Darlington Chibueze Anuonye |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2024/03/the-blessings-of-queer-lives-in-conversation-with-chukwuebuka-ibeh-darlington-chibueze-anuonye/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2026, ya sauƙaƙa babban darasi na wallafe-wallafen ga marubutan da ke da burin rubuce-rubuce a [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], inda ya raba fahimta game da rubuce-wallafe masu kirkiro, ba da labari, da kuma tsarin bugawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-03-02 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh to Facilitate Literature Masterclass for Aspiring Writers in Enugu - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-facilitate-literature-masterclass-aspiring-writers-enugu/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ibeh ya fara rubuta littafinsa na farko na LGBT+ +, Blessings, a kan takarda kafin daga baya ya buga rubutun a cikin kwamfuta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=C.J |first=Nelson |date=2024-02-23 |title=How Nigerian Author Chukwuebuka Ibeh Turned Scraps of Paper Into 'Blessings,' His Debut Novel |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/how-nigerian-author-chukwuebuka-ibeh-turned-scraps-of-paper-into-blessings-his-debut-novel/278300 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=okayafrica |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dehghan |first=Saeed Kamali |date=2025-01-24 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Homophobia, Challenges of Writing in Nigeria, and the Power of Storytelling |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2025/01/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-homophobia-challenges-of-writing-in-nigeria-and-the-power-of-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya dauki shi shekaru biyu don kammala bayan ya rubuta babi na farko a cikin 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2023-06-20 |title=How I wrote 'Blessings', by Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-i-wrote-blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ambaci mutane masu wallafe-wallafen kamar su [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Cyprian Ekwensi]], [[Buchi Emecheta]], Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, [[Raymond Carver]], da Jhumpa Lahiri a matsayin muhimman tasiri a rubuce-rubucensa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon aikinsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata a kan shafin yanar gizon BellaNaija na Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh, Author at BellaNaija |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/author/chukwuebuka/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2025, Littattafan Lantarki sun lissafa shi a cikin marubuta bakwai a cikin tattaunawa tare da kakanninsu na wallafe-wallafen, suna kwatanta ''Albarka'' da Yanayin Nervous na Tsitsi Dangarembga . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Assistant2 |first=E. L. |date=2025-08-14 |title=7 African Novelists in Conversation With Their Literary Ancestors |url=https://electricliterature.com/7-african-novelists-in-conversation-with-their-literary-ancestors/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==

* 2024 Kyautar Wilbur Smith don Albarka - Takaitaccen Lissafi &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2026-06-01 |title=2024 Shortlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDigital2026&quot;&gt;Digital, Make (2026-06-01). [https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/prize/2024-shortlist-1 &quot;2024 Shortlist&quot;]. ''Wilbur &amp; Niso Smith Foundation''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |date=2024-05-30 |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh on Wilbur Smith Adventure Writing Prize 2024 shortlist |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/chukwuebuka-ibeh-on-wilbur-smith-adventure-writing-prize-2024-shortlist/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021 J.F. Powers Prize for Fiction - Runner up &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The J.F. Powers Prize in Fiction |url=https://www.dappledthings.org/the-jf-powers-prize-for-short-fiction |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Dappled Things |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ibeh is runner-up of 2021 J.F Powers Prize for Fiction |url=https://dailytrust.com/ibeh-is-runner-up-of-2021-j-f-powers-prize-for-fiction/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 Morland Foundation Scholarship - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=19 Writers Shortlisted from 992 Entries: The 2020 Miles Morland Writing Scholarship |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/10/19-writers-shortlisted-from-992-entries-the-2020-miles-morland-writing-scholarship/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 Gerald Kraak Award - Finalist &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Other Foundation {{!}} |url=https://theotherfoundation.org/ |access-date=2026-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan littattafai ==

=== Littattafai ===
{{Cite book |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |title=Blessings: A Novel |title-link=Blessings (novel) |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780385550659 |location=New York |author-mask=2}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Empire udiahgebi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T08:47:45Z</timestamp>
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        <id>45212</id>
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      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
      <origin>845097</origin>
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      <text bytes="5025" sha1="pvom5mhgcelrnaogngwvy8mrjnhjyoc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Emerie Udiahgebi
| image = 
| caption = Emerie Udiahgebi
| birth_date = 1997
| birth_place = Najeriya
| nationality = Ɗan Najeriya
| occupation = Mai ƙirar kayan sawa, mai tsara salo
| known_for = Kafuwar alamar kayan sawa ta Udiahgebi
}}

'''Emerie Udiahgebi''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1997) ɗan Najeriya ne mai ƙirar kayan sawa kuma wanda ya kafa alamar kayan sawa ta '''Udiahgebi'''. Ya shahara saboda ƙirƙirar tufafin zamani masu haɗa salo daban-daban da kuma ƙarfafa bayyana kai ta hanyar kayan sawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Identifying (with) couture |journal=Fashion Theory |year=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Farko ==

An haifi Emerie Udiahgebi a Najeriya. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha'awa ga harkokin ƙira da kayan sawa. Kafin ya shiga harkar ƙirar kayan sawa da cikakken lokaci, ya taɓa sha'awar karatun lauya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The designers behind these African fashion labels are wielding androgyny to confront conservatism |url=https://xtramagazine.com/culture/queer-labels-changing-the-face-of-african-fashion-262404 |website=Xtra Magazine |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

Udiahgebi ya kafa alamar kayan sawa mai suna '''Udiahgebi''' a shekarar 2021. Alamar ta mayar da hankali kan tufafi masu ba mutane damar bayyana kansu ba tare da la'akari da ƙa'idojin jinsi na gargajiya ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=4 Fashion Brands Blurring Gender Boundaries |url=https://daisy-sunfish-shlt.squarespace.com/blog/gender-fluid-fashion-brands-you-need-to-know |website=NDAANE |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ita ce samar da tufafi ga mutanen da ke jin daɗin bayyana bangaren mata ko salo mai laushi a rayuwarsu, ba tare da la'akari da jinsinsu ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Revolutionary Beauty of Nigeria’s Genderfluid Fashion Movement |url=https://www.them.us/story/inside-nigerias-genderfluid-fashion-movement |website=Them |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2022, tarin kayan sawarsa mai suna ''Animalia'' ya samu karɓuwa a cikin masana'antar kayan sawa ta Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Nigerian fashion brand ushering in a new era of queer African representation |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/style/fashion/the-nigerian-fashion-brand-ushering-in-a-new-era-of-queer-african-representation-304745/ |website=Attitude Magazine |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka da Tasiri ==

Ayyukan Emerie Udiahgebi sun mayar da hankali kan:

* Ƙarfafa bayyana kai ta hanyar kayan sawa.
* Haɓaka sababbin salo a masana'antar kayan sawa ta Najeriya.
* Ƙirƙirar tufafi masu dacewa da mutane masu salo daban-daban.
* Tallafawa kirkire-kirkire a harkar kayan sawa ta Afirka.

A shekarar 2023, an zaɓi aikinsa cikin masu nuna ƙirarsu a bikin '''Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA) Fashion Show'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Meet The Four Designers Taking Over The Runway At The AMVCA Fashion Show |url=https://brandcom.ng/2023/05/19/meet-the-four-designers-taking-over-the-runway-at-the-amvca-fashion-show-and-nominees-gala-today/ |website=Brand Communicator |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarin Ayyuka ==

* ''Animalia'' (2022)
* ''Monumenta'' (2023–)
* ''Cathedral 57''
* ''Resort '26''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UDIAHGEBI Collections |url=https://udiahgebi.com |website=Udiahgebi Official Website |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Nigerian fashion brand ushering in a new era of queer African representation |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/style/fashion/the-nigerian-fashion-brand-ushering-in-a-new-era-of-queer-african-representation-304745/ |website=Attitude Magazine |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The designers behind these African fashion labels are wielding androgyny to confront conservatism |url=https://xtramagazine.com/culture/queer-labels-changing-the-face-of-african-fashion-262404 |website=Xtra Magazine |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Revolutionary Beauty of Nigeria’s Genderfluid Fashion Movement |url=https://www.them.us/story/inside-nigerias-genderfluid-fashion-movement |website=Them |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Meet The Four Designers Taking Over The Runway At The AMVCA Fashion Show |url=https://brandcom.ng/2023/05/19/meet-the-four-designers-taking-over-the-runway-at-the-amvca-fashion-show-and-nominees-gala-today/ |website=Brand Communicator |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UDIAHGEBI Official Collections |url=https://udiahgebi.com |website=Udiahgebi |access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Identifying (with) couture |journal=Fashion Theory |year=2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references/&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Fashion design]]
* [[Nigeria]]
* [[African fashion]]

[[Category:Masu ƙirar kayan sawa na Najeriya]]
[[Category:'Yan kasuwa na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]]
[[Category:Haihuwar 1997]]</text>
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    <title>Tosin Ojutalayo</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>845098</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AsmudEmpire</username>
        <id>45212</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
      <origin>845098</origin>
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      <text bytes="2696" sha1="pr4216uyr2ogd1rcsc2sbaj0xm47yhz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Amara Ogara
| image = 
| caption = Amara Ogara
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Mai shirya fina-finai, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+
| known_for = Fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a Najeriya
}}

'''Amara Ogara''' 'yar Najeriya ce mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+. Ta shahara wajen amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da fina-finai wajen tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi, zamantakewa da kuma rayuwar mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Farko ==

Ba a samu cikakkun bayanai da aka wallafa daga sahihan manazarta masu zaman kansu game da rayuwar farkon Amara Ogara, wurin haihuwa ko karatunta ba.

== Sana'a ==

Amara Ogara ta yi fice a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan bayyana labaran da suka shafi rayuwar mata da mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin ayyukanta sun samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ta fuskanta a rayuwa da kuma hulɗar da ta yi da al'ummomin LGBTQ+.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fafutuka ==

Ogara tana cikin mutanen da ke amfani da fasaha da fina-finai wajen wayar da kai kan batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen ƙara tattaunawa kan rayuwar mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya da kuma ƙalubalen da suke fuskanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba Kuma ==

* [[LGBTQ+]]
* [[Najeriya]]
* [[Fina-finai a Najeriya]]
* [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]]
[[Category:Masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam]]
[[Category:Mata 'yan Najeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>pr4216uyr2ogd1rcsc2sbaj0xm47yhz</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Amara Ogara</title>
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        <username>AsmudEmpire</username>
        <id>45212</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
      <origin>845099</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2696" sha1="pr4216uyr2ogd1rcsc2sbaj0xm47yhz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Amara Ogara
| image = 
| caption = Amara Ogara
| nationality = Najeriya
| occupation = Mai shirya fina-finai, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+
| known_for = Fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a Najeriya
}}

'''Amara Ogara''' 'yar Najeriya ce mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin LGBTQ+. Ta shahara wajen amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da fina-finai wajen tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi, zamantakewa da kuma rayuwar mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Farko ==

Ba a samu cikakkun bayanai da aka wallafa daga sahihan manazarta masu zaman kansu game da rayuwar farkon Amara Ogara, wurin haihuwa ko karatunta ba.

== Sana'a ==

Amara Ogara ta yi fice a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan bayyana labaran da suka shafi rayuwar mata da mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin ayyukanta sun samo asali ne daga abubuwan da ta fuskanta a rayuwa da kuma hulɗar da ta yi da al'ummomin LGBTQ+.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fafutuka ==

Ogara tana cikin mutanen da ke amfani da fasaha da fina-finai wajen wayar da kai kan batutuwan da suka shafi daidaito da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen ƙara tattaunawa kan rayuwar mutanen LGBTQ+ a Najeriya da kuma ƙalubalen da suke fuskanta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba Kuma ==

* [[LGBTQ+]]
* [[Najeriya]]
* [[Fina-finai a Najeriya]]
* [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=Amara Ogara
 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131357008
 |website=Wikidata
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title=My Eight Years Relationship Inspired 'This Is Not You'
 |url=https://goldmyne.tv/my-eight-years-relationship-inspired-this-is-not-you-lgbt-filmmaker-ogara/
 |website=GoldMyne TV
 |access-date=2 June 2026
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Category:Mutanen da suke raye]]
[[Category:Masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]]
[[Category:Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam]]
[[Category:Mata 'yan Najeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jordyn Lolu Vangei</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845100</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:28:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AsmudEmpire</username>
        <id>45212</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
      <origin>845100</origin>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Jordyn Lolu Vangei
| image = 
| birth_name = Lolu Vangei (Jordyn Omololu Vangei)
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Nigeria
| nationality = Nigerian
| occupation = Fashion designer
| known_for = Genderless / queer fashion brand (Vangei Official)
}}

'''Jordyn Lolu Vangei''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin ƙirar tufafi (fashion designer), wanda ya fi shahara da ƙirƙirar tufafi masu bin tsarin ''genderless fashion'' da ke ba da dama ga mutane su sa sutura ba tare da bin rabe-raben jinsi ba.

== Rayuwa ta Farko ==
(Babu cikakkun bayanan jama’a game da haihuwarsa a fili.)

== Aiki ==
Vangei ya kafa alamar tufafi wacce ke mai da hankali kan:
* Tufafi marasa bin jinsi (gender-neutral fashion)
* Tufafin da ake yin su bisa bukatar kwastoma (custom-made)
* Rage sharar kayan masana’anta (sustainable fashion)

== Tasiri ==
Ayyukansa sun zama wani ɓangare na sabon salo na fashion a Najeriya da ke ƙalubalantar tsarin gargajiya na raba tufafi na maza da mata.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

* Wikidata entry: Jordyn Lolu Vangei (Q131359671)

== Hanyoyin Waje ==
* 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vangei, Jordyn Lolu}}

[[Category:Nigerian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>puj8qdtqw3uxlqdefsz22hz3lt8yma6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845101</id>
      <parentid>845100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:29:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quinlan83</username>
        <id>13504</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fix</comment>
      <origin>845101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" sha1="58lzr44eqma0dj4dwi16590xky91urp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Jordyn Lolu Vangei
| image = 
| birth_name = Lolu Vangei (Jordyn Omololu Vangei)
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Nigeria
| nationality = Nigerian
| occupation = Fashion designer
| known_for = Genderless / queer fashion brand (Vangei Official)
}}

'''Jordyn Lolu Vangei''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin ƙirar tufafi (fashion designer), wanda ya fi shahara da ƙirƙirar tufafi masu bin tsarin ''genderless fashion'' da ke ba da dama ga mutane su sa sutura ba tare da bin rabe-raben jinsi ba.

== Rayuwa ta Farko ==
(Babu cikakkun bayanan jama’a game da haihuwarsa a fili.)

== Aiki ==
Vangei ya kafa alamar tufafi wacce ke mai da hankali kan:
* Tufafi marasa bin jinsi (gender-neutral fashion)
* Tufafin da ake yin su bisa bukatar kwastoma (custom-made)
* Rage sharar kayan masana’anta (sustainable fashion)

== Tasiri ==
Ayyukansa sun zama wani ɓangare na sabon salo na fashion a Najeriya da ke ƙalubalantar tsarin gargajiya na raba tufafi na maza da mata.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

* Wikidata entry: Jordyn Lolu Vangei (Q131359671)

== Hanyoyin Waje ==
* 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vangei, Jordyn Lolu}}

[[Category:Nigerian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Living people]]</text>
      <sha1>58lzr44eqma0dj4dwi16590xky91urp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Emerie Udiahgebi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>845102</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:34:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AsmudEmpire</username>
        <id>45212</id>
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      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
      <origin>845102</origin>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Emerie Udiahgebi
| image = 
| birth_date = 1997
| birth_place = Enugu, Nigeria
| nationality = Nigerian
| occupation = Fashion designer, creative director
| known_for = Founder of Udiahgebi fashion brand
}}

'''Emerie Udiahgebi''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin ƙirƙirar tufafi (fashion designer) kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa alamar fashion mai suna '''Udiahgebi'''. Shi ne kuma Creative Director na brand ɗin, wanda ya shahara da yin tufafi masu bin salon '''gender-fluid / genderless fashion''' a Najeriya.

== Rayuwa ta Farko ==
An haifi Emerie Udiahgebi a shekarar 1997 a jihar Enugu, Najeriya. Ya taso a lokacin da al’adu da sabbin salo na fasaha ke gaurayuwa, abin da ya taimaka wajen gina tunaninsa a fannin ƙirƙira da fashion.

== Aiki ==
Udiahgebi fashion brand yana mai da hankali kan:
* Tufafi masu karya tsarin raba maza da mata (gender norms)
* Luxury fashion da ke haɗa sensuality da avant-garde design
* Ƙirƙirar “safe space” ga mutane masu bayyana kansu ta hanyar sutura

Brand ɗin yana amfani da fashion a matsayin hanyar nuna:
* Identity
* Freedom of expression
* Queer and gender-nonconforming aesthetics

== Udiahgebi Brand ==
Alamar Udiahgebi an bayyana ta a matsayin luxury fashion house da ke:
* Yin design masu bold da avant-garde
* Ƙalubalantar stereotypical gender clothing
* Samar da “main character moment” ga kwastomomi

== Tasiri ==
Ayyukan Emerie Udiahgebi sun fito a cikin tattaunawa ta duniya game da:
* Queer fashion a Afirka
* Gender-fluid design
* Sabbin hanyoyin bayyana kai ta fashion

Brand ɗin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamun fashion na Najeriya da ke samun kulawa a kasashen waje.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

* Udiahgebi Official Website – Creative Director Profile :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}  
* Attitude Magazine – Nigerian queer fashion brand profile :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}  
* Xtra Magazine – African genderfluid fashion designers :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}  
* ICONIQA Stories – Emerie Udiahgebi fashion work :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}  

== Hanyoyin Waje ==
* https://udiahgebi.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udiahgebi, Emerie}}

[[Category:Nigerian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:People from Enugu State]]</text>
      <sha1>ciop0g68rr1x2mdi522l0s4ec865q4y</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845103</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:38:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>31123</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357244727|Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15393" sha1="hweetpbhejt4oy5ogaf7jqxst055l6b" xml:space="preserve">'''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1984) wanda aka fi sani da '''Ferdy Adimefe''', ɗan kasuwa ne mai kirkire-kirkire na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finan zane-zane, marubuci &lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-01-24 |title=Godfathers are only as powerful as we let them be - Ferdy Adimefe, NASS candidate speaks on 2019 ambition » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/godfathers-are-only-as-powerful-as-we-let-them-be-ferdy-adimefe-nass-candidate-speaks-on-2019-ambition/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Magic Carpet Studios (wanda aka kafa a 2017) &lt;ref name=&quot;ynaija1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-05-30 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe reveals how Magic Carpet Studios is changing the face of animations and gaming projects » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/ferdinand-adimefe-reveals-how-magic-carpet-studios-is-changing-the-face-of-animations-and-gaming-projects/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Imaginarium Creative Global (wanda aka kafa a 2015), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CHIOMA |date=2019-10-21 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe: Building a creative tech empire for African storytelling |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/ferdinand-adimefe-building-a-creative-tech-empire-for-african-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adimefe memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Telebijin, ƙungiyar da ke gabatar da kyaututtukan Emmy na Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2021, an sanya shi cikin mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD). &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami karramawa daga The Future Awards Africa kuma yana cikin matasa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|'yan Najeriya]] hamsin da Gidauniyar Ford ta zaɓa a shekarar 2010 don bayar da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban dabarun Najeriya na shekaru hamsin. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot; /&gt;

An san shi da shirya fim ɗin mai motsi na 2D mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Fancy |date=2025-08-06 |title=How a $2Million Nigerian animation film was built from scratch |url=https://techcabal.com/2025/08/06/the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar]] [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], Najeriya. Ya girma a matsayin ɗa na uku kuma ɗan fari a cikin babban iyali. Mahaifiyarsa, wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]], ta sanya masa suna Ferdinand bayan wani hali a cikin littafin [[William Shakespeare]] &lt;nowiki&gt;mai suna &quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; The Tempest &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakarsa, wacce ke zaune tare da iyalin, tana yawan ba da [[Oral literature|labaran]] al'adun Afirka a lokacin tarurrukan yamma, wanda Adimefe ya danganta a matsayin tasirin farko ga hulɗarsa da ba da labari. &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin da yake matashi a Port Harcourt, ya shiga wata ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista mai suna The Box, wadda ke sake tunanin labarin [[Kirsimeti]] a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin yajin aikin ma'aikatan jami'o'i a Najeriya wanda ya dakatar da ayyukan jami'a na ɗan lokaci, an gayyace shi ya yi jawabi a wani shirin matasa. Wannan ya sa ya rubuta kuma ya samar da wata wasiƙar labarai da aka buga mai suna &lt;nowiki&gt;''Hallmark''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, wadda ya rarraba wa makarantun sakandare da coci-coci a faɗin Port Harcourt. Daga baya littafin ya rikide ya zama mujallar harabar jami'a da aka watsa a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Adimefe ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci [[Jami'ar port harcourt|ta Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] don yin karatun [[Yanayin jikin mutum|ilmin jikin dan Adam]] . Bayan shekararsa ta biyu, ya kammala da cewa ba aikin likitanci ba ne hanyar da ya yi niyyar bi, ya kammala digirinsa na fannin jiki, kuma bai ci gaba da karatun likitanci ba. Yana da digirin farko a fannin ilmin jikin dan Adam daga [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Ya kammala digirin Master a fannin Kafafen Yada Labarai da Sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]] da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], inda ya kammala karatun a shekarar 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Kasuwanci da zane-zanen rai ===

=== Imaginarium ===
Adimefe ya bar Century Energy and Services a shekarar 2014 don kafa Imaginarium Digital Agency, wacce ta sami lasisin Value Added Service (VAS) daga [[Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya]] kuma ta rarraba abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar MTN da Etisalat Nigeria a madadin hukumomin gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kafet Mai Sihiri ====
Adimefe ta kafa Magic Carpet Studios a Legas a shekarar 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;ynaija1&quot; /&gt; Studio ɗin yana samar da abubuwan da ke raira waƙa da na dijital waɗanda aka ɗauko daga littattafan adabi da al'adun Afirka. Ya yi aiki tare da Cartoon Network, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Partners |first=N. M. |date=2023-08-18 |title=Cartoon Network Africa teams up with Nigerian Magic Carpet Labs to create Garbage Boy &amp;#038; Trash Can |url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/08/18/cartoon-network-africa/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Triggerfish, da Microsoft Xbox a kan ayyuka daban-daban.

A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Magic Carpet Studios ya sami haƙƙin littafin [[Cyprian Ekwensi|Cyprian Ekwensi na]] shekarar 1960 mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ayeni |first=Ibukunoluwa |date=2025-05-05 |title=&quot;Passport of Mallam Ilia&quot; Magic Carpet Brings Nigerian Literature in First Animated Look |url=https://shockng.com/passport-of-mallam-ilia-magic-carpet-brings-nigerian-literature-in-first-animated-look/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=ShockNG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Magic Carpet Studios Releases First Look at Adapted Animated Film, “The Passport of Mallam Ilia” - Nollywood Reporter |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/news/magic-carpet-studios-releases-first-look-at-adapted-animated-film-the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a ==
A shekarar 2019, Adimefe ya tsaya takarar [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Eti-Osa]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=How candidates for Eti-Osa constituency performed at House of Reps debate |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/how-candidates-for-eti-osa-constituency-performed-at-house-of-reps-debate-2024081009534134744 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-02-05 |title=Eti-Osa federal constituency candidates present manifestos |url=https://thesun.ng/eti-osa-federal-constituency-candidates-present-manifestos/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Zaɓe ta Najeriya, wata ƙungiya da ke haɓaka ilimin siyasa da jagoranci. &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen zamantakewa ==
Adimefe memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Slum2School Africa, wani shiri na samar da damar ilimi ga yara a cikin al'ummomin Najeriya marasa galihu. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand Adimefe&quot;]. ''blog.mipad.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-07-07 |title=BOARD MEMBERS |url=https://slum2school.wordpress.com/board-members/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Slum2School |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adimefe kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ruhaniya na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna '''[https://thetribenation.org/about/ The Tribe Nation]''' a Legas da Abuja. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot; /&gt;

== Ganewa ==
Memba a '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya''' (Emmy Academy). &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sanya suna a cikin jerin '''mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD)''' 100 a shekarar 2021. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand Adimefe&quot;]. ''blog.mipad.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanda ya lashe gasar '''ƙalubalen kirkire-kirkire ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel''' (2022). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe – Kaduna Book &amp; Arts Festival |url=https://www.kabafest.ng/kabafest/guests/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanda Ya Karɓi '''Kyautar Nan Gaba''' : Mafi Kyawun 100 Na Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe &quot;Retro Africa&quot;]. ''www.retroafrica.art''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An naɗa shi a matsayin &quot; '''Mai Tsaron Gaba''' &quot; daga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe &quot;Retro Africa&quot;]. ''www.retroafrica.art''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Kai ==
Adimefe ta auri Lily Adimefe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A New Vow by Ferdy Adimefe – The Inspire Series by Glory Edozien |url=https://inspiredbyglory.com/a-new-vow-by-ferdy-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNation2021&quot;&gt;Nation, The (2021-10-10). [https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ &quot;FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds&quot;]. ''The Nation Newspaper''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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'''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1984) wanda aka fi sani da '''Ferdy Adimefe''', ɗan kasuwa ne mai kirkire-kirkire na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finan zane-zane, marubuci &lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-01-24 |title=Godfathers are only as powerful as we let them be - Ferdy Adimefe, NASS candidate speaks on 2019 ambition » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/godfathers-are-only-as-powerful-as-we-let-them-be-ferdy-adimefe-nass-candidate-speaks-on-2019-ambition/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Magic Carpet Studios (wanda aka kafa a 2017) &lt;ref name=&quot;ynaija1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-05-30 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe reveals how Magic Carpet Studios is changing the face of animations and gaming projects » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/ferdinand-adimefe-reveals-how-magic-carpet-studios-is-changing-the-face-of-animations-and-gaming-projects/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Imaginarium Creative Global (wanda aka kafa a 2015), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CHIOMA |date=2019-10-21 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe: Building a creative tech empire for African storytelling |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/ferdinand-adimefe-building-a-creative-tech-empire-for-african-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adimefe memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Telebijin, ƙungiyar da ke gabatar da kyaututtukan Emmy na Duniya . &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2021, an sanya shi cikin mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD). &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya sami karramawa daga The Future Awards Africa kuma yana cikin matasa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|'yan Najeriya]] hamsin da Gidauniyar Ford ta zaɓa a shekarar 2010 don bayar da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban dabarun Najeriya na shekaru hamsin. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot; /&gt;

An san shi da shirya fim ɗin mai motsi na 2D mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Fancy |date=2025-08-06 |title=How a $2Million Nigerian animation film was built from scratch |url=https://techcabal.com/2025/08/06/the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar]] [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], Najeriya. Ya girma a matsayin ɗa na uku kuma ɗan fari a cikin babban iyali. Mahaifiyarsa, wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]], ta sanya masa suna Ferdinand bayan wani hali a cikin littafin [[William Shakespeare]] &lt;nowiki&gt;mai suna &quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; The Tempest &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kakarsa, wacce ke zaune tare da iyalin, tana yawan ba da [[Oral literature|labaran]] al'adun Afirka a lokacin tarurrukan yamma, wanda Adimefe ya danganta a matsayin tasirin farko ga hulɗarsa da ba da labari. &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin da yake matashi a Port Harcourt, ya shiga wata ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista mai suna The Box, wadda ke sake tunanin labarin [[Kirsimeti]] a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin yajin aikin ma'aikatan jami'o'i a Najeriya wanda ya dakatar da ayyukan jami'a na ɗan lokaci, an gayyace shi ya yi jawabi a wani shirin matasa. Wannan ya sa ya rubuta kuma ya samar da wata wasiƙar labarai da aka buga mai suna &lt;nowiki&gt;''Hallmark''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, wadda ya rarraba wa makarantun sakandare da coci-coci a faɗin Port Harcourt. Daga baya littafin ya rikide ya zama mujallar harabar jami'a da aka watsa a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Adimefe ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci [[Jami'ar port harcourt|ta Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] don yin karatun [[Yanayin jikin mutum|ilmin jikin dan Adam]] . Bayan shekararsa ta biyu, ya kammala da cewa ba aikin likitanci ba ne hanyar da ya yi niyyar bi, ya kammala digirinsa na fannin jiki, kuma bai ci gaba da karatun likitanci ba. Yana da digirin farko a fannin ilmin jikin dan Adam daga [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Ya kammala digirin Master a fannin Kafafen Yada Labarai da Sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]] da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], inda ya kammala karatun a shekarar 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Kasuwanci da zane-zanen rai ===

=== Imaginarium ===
Adimefe ya bar Century Energy and Services a shekarar 2014 don kafa Imaginarium Digital Agency, wacce ta sami lasisin Value Added Service (VAS) daga [[Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya]] kuma ta rarraba abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar MTN da Etisalat Nigeria a madadin hukumomin gwamnati. &lt;ref name=&quot;readcommunique1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtomewo&quot;&gt;Otomewo, Oritsejolomi. [https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe &quot;Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe&quot;]. ''www.readcommunique.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kafet Mai Sihiri ====
Adimefe ta kafa Magic Carpet Studios a Legas a shekarar 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;ynaija1&quot; /&gt; Studio ɗin yana samar da abubuwan da ke raira waƙa da na dijital waɗanda aka ɗauko daga littattafan adabi da al'adun Afirka. Ya yi aiki tare da Cartoon Network, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Partners |first=N. M. |date=2023-08-18 |title=Cartoon Network Africa teams up with Nigerian Magic Carpet Labs to create Garbage Boy &amp;#038; Trash Can |url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/08/18/cartoon-network-africa/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Triggerfish, da Microsoft Xbox a kan ayyuka daban-daban.

A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Magic Carpet Studios ya sami haƙƙin littafin [[Cyprian Ekwensi|Cyprian Ekwensi na]] shekarar 1960 mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ayeni |first=Ibukunoluwa |date=2025-05-05 |title=&quot;Passport of Mallam Ilia&quot; Magic Carpet Brings Nigerian Literature in First Animated Look |url=https://shockng.com/passport-of-mallam-ilia-magic-carpet-brings-nigerian-literature-in-first-animated-look/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=ShockNG |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Magic Carpet Studios Releases First Look at Adapted Animated Film, “The Passport of Mallam Ilia” - Nollywood Reporter |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/news/magic-carpet-studios-releases-first-look-at-adapted-animated-film-the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a ==
A shekarar 2019, Adimefe ya tsaya takarar [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Eti-Osa]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=How candidates for Eti-Osa constituency performed at House of Reps debate |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/how-candidates-for-eti-osa-constituency-performed-at-house-of-reps-debate-2024081009534134744 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-02-05 |title=Eti-Osa federal constituency candidates present manifestos |url=https://thesun.ng/eti-osa-federal-constituency-candidates-present-manifestos/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Zaɓe ta Najeriya, wata ƙungiya da ke haɓaka ilimin siyasa da jagoranci. &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shiryen zamantakewa ==
Adimefe memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Slum2School Africa, wani shiri na samar da damar ilimi ga yara a cikin al'ummomin Najeriya marasa galihu. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand Adimefe&quot;]. ''blog.mipad.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-07-07 |title=BOARD MEMBERS |url=https://slum2school.wordpress.com/board-members/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Slum2School |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adimefe kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ruhaniya na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna '''[https://thetribenation.org/about/ The Tribe Nation]''' a Legas da Abuja. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot; /&gt;

== Ganewa ==
Memba a '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya''' (Emmy Academy). &lt;ref name=&quot;electoralcollng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand 'Ladi Adimefe | Electoral College Nigeria&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An sanya suna a cikin jerin '''mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD)''' 100 a shekarar 2021. &lt;ref name=&quot;mipad1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ &quot;Ferdinand Adimefe&quot;]. ''blog.mipad.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanda ya lashe gasar '''ƙalubalen kirkire-kirkire ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel''' (2022). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe – Kaduna Book &amp; Arts Festival |url=https://www.kabafest.ng/kabafest/guests/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanda Ya Karɓi '''Kyautar Nan Gaba''' : Mafi Kyawun 100 Na Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe &quot;Retro Africa&quot;]. ''www.retroafrica.art''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

An naɗa shi a matsayin &quot; '''Mai Tsaron Gaba''' &quot; daga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;retroafrica1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe &quot;Retro Africa&quot;]. ''www.retroafrica.art''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar Kai ==
Adimefe ta auri Lily Adimefe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A New Vow by Ferdy Adimefe – The Inspire Series by Glory Edozien |url=https://inspiredbyglory.com/a-new-vow-by-ferdy-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;thenationonlineng1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNation2021&quot;&gt;Nation, The (2021-10-10). [https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ &quot;FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds&quot;]. ''The Nation Newspaper''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-05-08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Welbedacht</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>845104</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:39:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329002983|Welbedacht Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2426" sha1="agzoajsmxd446teb22vh3sn5j35qfne" xml:space="preserve">'''Dam ɗin Welbedacht''' [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar]] ruwa ce mai nauyin siminti wadda take a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an kafa ta a shekarar 1973. [[Bloemfontein]] ita ce birni na shida mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 300.&amp;nbsp;000. Yana cikin magudanar [[Kogin Modder|ruwan Kogin Modder]], wanda ba shi da isasshen albarkatun ruwa don biyan buƙatun ruwa da ke ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, ana ƙara yawan ruwan da ake samu daga [[Kogin Caledon]] da ke kusa ta hanyar Tsarin Ruwa na Gwamnatin Kogin Caledon - Modder (CMRGWS).

Da farko Bloemfontein ya yi niyyar karɓar ruwan [[Kogin Orange]] daga [[Dam ɗin Vanderkloof|Vanderkloof Dam]], amma mashigar ruwa ta tsarin canja wurin har yanzu tana nan a bangon madatsar ruwa. Duk da haka, saboda dalilai daban-daban, an aiwatar da gina ƙaramin tsari a Kogin Caledon kafin kammala madatsar ruwa ta Vanderkloof. An gina madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht da ke Kogin Caledon a matsayin babban abin adana ruwa na CMRGWS kuma ana cire ruwa daga wannan madatsar ruwa don canjawa zuwa Bloemfontein da sauran ƙananan masu amfani a hanya.

Madatsar ruwan Welbedacht madatsar ruwa ce irin ta siminti da ke kan kogin Caledon, wadda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta tsara kuma ta gina. Madatsar ruwan tana da yankin magudanar ruwa na kimanin 15 245.&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;km2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa ta shekara-shekara (MAR) kusan 1210&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; /a (1920 zuwa 1987) kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1973. Manufarta ita ce samar da ruwa ga birnin Bloemfontein ta hanyar bututun Caledon-Bloemfontein mai tsawon kilomita 115, wanda ke da karfin kusan 1.157.&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s. Saboda yawan laka a cikin ruwa, an fara tsaftace wurin da aka tura daga madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht a wurin tsaftace iskar gas na Welbedacht, wanda ke ƙasa da madatsar ruwa. Madatsar ruwa ta tsarkake iskar gas tana da ƙarfin 1.68&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; /s. An sanya babban matsayi a cikin ƙimar haɗarin madatsar ruwa.

Saboda yadda ruwa ke taruwa, ƙarfin ajiyar madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht ya ragu da sauri daga ainihin 115&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; zuwa kusan 16&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; a cikin shekaru 20 tun bayan kammala aikin. Wannan raguwar ajiyar kaya ya haifar da matsaloli wajen biyan buƙatun Bloemfontein a matakin aminci mai karɓuwa, kuma sakamakon haka, an kammala Madatsar Ruwa ta Knellpoort mai tsayin mita 50 a shekarar 1988.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2438" sha1="qnbd7qjvz2bitszon12p6edfcuoohv0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Dam ɗin Welbedacht''' [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar]] ruwa ce mai nauyin siminti wadda take a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an kafa ta a shekarar 1973. [[Bloemfontein]] ita ce birni na shida mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 300.&amp;nbsp;000. Yana cikin magudanar [[Kogin Modder|ruwan Kogin Modder]], wanda ba shi da isasshen albarkatun ruwa don biyan buƙatun ruwa da ke ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, ana ƙara yawan ruwan da ake samu daga [[Kogin Caledon]] da ke kusa ta hanyar Tsarin Ruwa na Gwamnatin Kogin Caledon - Modder (CMRGWS).

Da farko Bloemfontein ya yi niyyar karɓar ruwan [[Kogin Orange]] daga [[Dam ɗin Vanderkloof|Vanderkloof Dam]], amma mashigar ruwa ta tsarin canja wurin har yanzu tana nan a bangon madatsar ruwa. Duk da haka, saboda dalilai daban-daban, an aiwatar da gina ƙaramin tsari a Kogin Caledon kafin kammala madatsar ruwa ta Vanderkloof. An gina madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht da ke Kogin Caledon a matsayin babban abin adana ruwa na CMRGWS kuma ana cire ruwa daga wannan madatsar ruwa don canjawa zuwa Bloemfontein da sauran ƙananan masu amfani a hanya.

Madatsar ruwan Welbedacht madatsar ruwa ce irin ta siminti da ke kan kogin Caledon, wadda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta tsara kuma ta gina. Madatsar ruwan tana da yankin magudanar ruwa na kimanin 15 245.&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;km2&lt;/sup&gt; tare da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa ta shekara-shekara (MAR) kusan 1210&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; /a (1920 zuwa 1987) kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1973. Manufarta ita ce samar da ruwa ga birnin Bloemfontein ta hanyar bututun Caledon-Bloemfontein mai tsawon kilomita 115, wanda ke da karfin kusan 1.157.&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; / s. Saboda yawan laka a cikin ruwa, an fara tsaftace wurin da aka tura daga madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht a wurin tsaftace iskar gas na Welbedacht, wanda ke ƙasa da madatsar ruwa. Madatsar ruwa ta tsarkake iskar gas tana da ƙarfin 1.68&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; /s. An sanya babban matsayi a cikin ƙimar haɗarin madatsar ruwa.

Saboda yadda ruwa ke taruwa, ƙarfin ajiyar madatsar ruwa ta Welbedacht ya ragu da sauri daga ainihin 115&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; zuwa kusan 16&amp;nbsp;miliyan&amp;nbsp;m &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; a cikin shekaru 20 tun bayan kammala aikin. Wannan raguwar ajiyar kaya ya haifar da matsaloli wajen biyan buƙatun Bloemfontein a matakin aminci mai karɓuwa, kuma sakamakon haka, an kammala Madatsar Ruwa ta Knellpoort mai tsayin mita 50 a shekarar 1988.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aaron Ahalu</title>
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      <id>845107</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:42:44Z</timestamp>
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        <id>45212</id>
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      <comment>Kirkira</comment>
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{{Infobox person
| name = Aaron Ahalu
| image = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Nigeria
| nationality = Nigerian
| occupation = Artist, rave organizer, creative director, photographer
| known_for = Ballroom/rave culture curation in Nigeria
}}

'''Aaron Ahalu''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aiki a fannin fasaha, rave culture da creative direction. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tasiri a cikin sabon salon **underground ballroom and rave scene** a Najeriya, inda yake shirya taruka da ke haɗa kiɗa, fashion da queer creative expression.

== Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Babu cikakkun bayanan jama’a game da haihuwarsa da farkon rayuwarsa a fili.

== Aiki ==
Aaron Ahalu yana aiki a matsayin:
* Artist
* Creative director
* Photographer
* Rave organizer

Ya shahara wajen kafa da curating events da ke haɗa:
* Ballroom culture
* Queer nightlife expression
* Alternative fashion scenes
* Underground music events

== Ballroom da Rave Culture ==
Ahalu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo ballroom culture zuwa Nigeria ta hanyar:
* Shirya queer-friendly events
* Ƙirƙirar safe spaces ga matasa masu fasaha
* Haɗa fashion, dance da music a cikin taro ɗaya

Wannan ya sa ya zama wani muhimmin suna a cikin **Lagos underground creative scene**.

== Tasiri ==
Ayyukansa sun taimaka wajen:
* Ƙarfafa queer creative visibility a Najeriya
* Haɓaka alternative art communities
* Haɗa matasa masu fasaha a rave culture

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

* Zikoko feature: Aaron Ahalu on identity and creative freedom :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}  
* Wikidata entry (Q131360378) :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}  
* Culture Custodian interview mention of ballroom curation :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}  
* Instagram profile @aaronahalu :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}  

== Hanyoyin Waje ==
* https://www.instagram.com/aaronahalu
* https://x.com/officialRONR

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahalu, Aaron}}

[[Category:Nigerian artists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Creative directors]]
[[Category:Photographers from Nigeria]]
[[Category:Event organizers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2024</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T09:53:42Z</timestamp>
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        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354357144|2024 Sudan floods]]&quot;</comment>
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A shekarar 2024, ƙasar [[Sudan]] ta [[arewacin Afirka]] ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Ambaliyar ruwan da ta fara a watan Yuli ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar akalla mutane goma sha biyu, inda wasu mutane bakwai suka ji rauni, kuma aƙalla mutane 12,506 suka ji rauni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan - Floods: People &amp; areas affected (August 2024) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-floods-people-areas-affected-26-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Floods kill at least 12 in eastern Sudan |url=https://ilkha.com/english/world/floods-kill-at-least-12-in-eastern-sudan-407209 |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Ilkha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 2024 ta yi yawa saboda yadda ta faru da [[Rikicin Sudan, 2023|yakin basasar Sudan]] da kuma rikicin jin kai da ya haifar, wanda ya haifar da raba miliyoyin 'yan Sudan da gidajensu, lamarin da ya kara ta'azzara barnar da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi wa al'ummar da suka riga suka shiga mawuyacin hali. 

== Bayani ==
Ya zuwa ƙarshen Maris 2024, an kiyasta cewa 'yan ƙasar Sudan miliyan 7.2 ne suka rasa matsugunansu sakamakon rikice-rikicen ƙasa da laifukan yaƙi da aka aikata a lokacin yaƙin basasar Sudan wanda ya fara a shekarar 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2024 |title=Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help |url=https://www.rescue.org/article/fighting-sudan-what-you-need-know-about-crisis |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=Rescue.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Duniya (IOM) ta ba da rahoton cewa dukkan jihohi 18 na Sudan sun fuskanci ƙaura, inda yawancin 'yan gudun hijira suka fito daga babban birnin Sudan na [[Khartoum]], wanda ya kai &quot;kusan kashi 69 cikin 100 na jimillar adadin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu, sai kuma Yammacin Darfur mai sama da kashi 17 cikin 100&quot;. 

Rashin lafiyar 'yan gudun hijira ya fi bayyana a yankin Darfur, inda hare-hare a asibitoci, fashi da makami mai yawa, da toshe hanyoyi a birane da dama da suka hana isar da kayan agaji da sauran albarkatu suka haifar da karancin kayan abinci da magunguna.

== Nazarin yanayi ==
Cibiyar Hasashen Yanayi da Aiwatar da Yanayi [[Hukumar raya kasashe masu tasowa ta kasa da kasa|ta Hukumar Raya Kasa]] (IGAD) (ICPAC) ta yi hasashen cewa daga ranar 24 ga Yuli zuwa 31 ga Yuli, kimanin mutane miliyan 13.4 'yan Sudan a yankunan Gabas da Yammacin Sudan za su fuskanci &quot;ruwan sama mai ƙarfi&quot;. Cibiyar Ayyukan Bala'i ta ICPAC (DOC) ta bayar da gargaɗi a waɗannan yankuna musamman a Kassala, tana kira ga fararen hula da su ƙaura zuwa wurare masu tsayi. Cibiyar ta lura cewa rashin kula da bankuna da magudanan ruwa na [[Kogin Mereb]], da kuma hanyoyin ruwa a Kassala zai ƙara ta'azzara ambaliyar ruwa da lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ke haifarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sashen Kula da Yanayi na Kassala ya rubuta cewa {{Convert|118|mm}}ruwan  ya sauka a Kassala, {{Convert|95|mm}} ya faɗi a Wad Sheriffe, kuma {{Convert|74|mm}} ya faɗi a Gharb Kassala a ranakun 25 zuwa 26 ga Yuli, wanda shine mafi girman adadin ruwan sama a cikin shekaru da dama ga kowane yanki. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar &quot;Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) &amp;#x5B;EN/AR&amp;#x5D;&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Daga ranar 23 zuwa 25 ga Yulin 2024, IOM ta ruwaito cewa guguwar da ta afkawa Arewacin Darfur ta haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da ta lalata gidaje kusan 1,018 a garin Zamzam da ke yankin Al-Fashir, lamarin da ya raba iyalansu da gidajensu. Gidaje 149 sun sami rauni kaɗan, kuma an lalata bandakuna 816. Sansanin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Zamzam ambaliyar ruwan ta fi shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Heavy Rains and Flooding in Al Fasher (Zamzam Town), North Darfur (Update One) 28 July 2024 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-heavy-rains-and-flooding-al-fasher-zamzam-town-north-darfur-update-one-28-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa a Jihar Kassala ta shafi mutane 10,180 ko fiye, waɗanda yawancinsu 'yan gudun hijira ne waɗanda suka zo kwanan nan daga Jihar Sennar, kuma suna nan a cibiyoyin karɓar baƙi guda biyar a yankin Gharb Kassala. Da yawa daga cikin waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da matsuguni kuma suna zaune kusa da hanyoyi, wanda hakan ya sa suka fi kamuwa da ambaliyar ruwa da cututtuka da ruwa ke haifarwa. Ambaliyar ta lalata [[WASH|wurare da dama na ruwa, tsafta, da tsafta]], da hanyoyi da tantuna da suka nutse. An ruwaito akalla mutane biyar sun mutu a yankin, uku daga cikinsu sun nutse a [[Kogin Mereb]], kuma yaro ɗaya ya mutu a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira. Ambaliyar ta kuma shafi mutane a yankunan Reifi Kassala, Shamal Al Delta, Aroma, da Gharb Kassala. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar &quot;Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) &amp;#x5B;EN/AR&amp;#x5D;&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matsugunan 'yan gudun hijira da yawa sun cika makil saboda rashin magudanan ruwa da kuma saboda ambaliyar ruwa da ta yi, inda suka lalata abinci, barguna, tufafi, da sauran kayayyaki masu mahimmanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2024 |title=Eastern Sudan's Kassala streets, shelter areas flooded |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/eastern-sudans-kassala-streets-shelter-areas-flooded |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=July 26, 2024 |title=Eastern Sudan's Kassala streets, shelter areas flooded |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/eastern-sudans-kassala-streets-shelter-areas-flooded |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa da ta afku a ranar 25 zuwa 26 ga watan Yuli ta raba kimanin mutane 500 da muhallansu tare da lalata gidaje 100 a garin Aroma da ke yankin Reifi Aroma. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot; /&gt; A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, gidaje 85 sun &quot;lalace gaba daya&quot; sannan wasu 35 sun &quot;lalace wani bangare&quot; a Al Koma, yayin da gidaje ashirin da biyu suka ruguje, sannan wasu goma sha uku kuma suka ruguje a kauyen Ghibash, inda suka raba kimanin gidaje 107 da muhallansu a yankin Al Koma gaba daya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Heavy Rains and Flooding in Al Koma locality, North Darfur (Update One) 28 July 2024 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-heavy-rains-and-flooding-al-koma-locality-north-darfur-update-one-28-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2024, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Sudan ta ba da rahoton cewa akalla mutane 68 ne suka mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa, kuma ta kira ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni a kasar tun daga shekarar 2019. A kalla fararen hula 44,000 ne ambaliyar ruwan ta raba da gidajensu tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli. Sama da gidaje 12,000 da gonaki 198,000 (kimanin eka 205,500) sun lalace ko kuma sun lalace sakamakon ambaliyar. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan
* [[Ambaliyar Sudan ta 2007|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2007]]
* [[Ambaliyar Sudan ta 2013|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2013]]
* [[Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2020|Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta 2020]]
* [[Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2022|Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta 2022]]
* Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta Kudu a shekarar 2024

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8853" sha1="hmecnhwks70a30xy0i8w2qhf3a2v4tr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
A shekarar 2024, ƙasar [[Sudan]] ta [[arewacin Afirka]] ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. Ambaliyar ruwan da ta fara a watan Yuli ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar akalla mutane goma sha biyu, inda wasu mutane bakwai suka ji rauni, kuma aƙalla mutane 12,506 suka ji rauni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan - Floods: People &amp; areas affected (August 2024) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-floods-people-areas-affected-26-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Floods kill at least 12 in eastern Sudan |url=https://ilkha.com/english/world/floods-kill-at-least-12-in-eastern-sudan-407209 |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Ilkha}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 2024 ta yi yawa saboda yadda ta faru da [[Rikicin Sudan, 2023|yakin basasar Sudan]] da kuma rikicin jin kai da ya haifar, wanda ya haifar da raba miliyoyin 'yan Sudan da gidajensu, lamarin da ya kara ta'azzara barnar da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi wa al'ummar da suka riga suka shiga mawuyacin hali. 

== Bayani ==
Ya zuwa ƙarshen Maris 2024, an kiyasta cewa 'yan ƙasar Sudan miliyan 7.2 ne suka rasa matsugunansu sakamakon rikice-rikicen ƙasa da laifukan yaƙi da aka aikata a lokacin yaƙin basasar Sudan wanda ya fara a shekarar 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2024 |title=Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help |url=https://www.rescue.org/article/fighting-sudan-what-you-need-know-about-crisis |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=Rescue.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Duniya (IOM) ta ba da rahoton cewa dukkan jihohi 18 na Sudan sun fuskanci ƙaura, inda yawancin 'yan gudun hijira suka fito daga babban birnin Sudan na [[Khartoum]], wanda ya kai &quot;kusan kashi 69 cikin 100 na jimillar adadin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu, sai kuma Yammacin Darfur mai sama da kashi 17 cikin 100&quot;. 

Rashin lafiyar 'yan gudun hijira ya fi bayyana a yankin Darfur, inda hare-hare a asibitoci, fashi da makami mai yawa, da toshe hanyoyi a birane da dama da suka hana isar da kayan agaji da sauran albarkatu suka haifar da karancin kayan abinci da magunguna.

== Nazarin yanayi ==
Cibiyar Hasashen Yanayi da Aiwatar da Yanayi [[Hukumar raya kasashe masu tasowa ta kasa da kasa|ta Hukumar Raya Kasa]] (IGAD) (ICPAC) ta yi hasashen cewa daga ranar 24 ga Yuli zuwa 31 ga Yuli, kimanin mutane miliyan 13.4 'yan Sudan a yankunan Gabas da Yammacin Sudan za su fuskanci &quot;ruwan sama mai ƙarfi&quot;. Cibiyar Ayyukan Bala'i ta ICPAC (DOC) ta bayar da gargaɗi a waɗannan yankuna musamman a Kassala, tana kira ga fararen hula da su ƙaura zuwa wurare masu tsayi. Cibiyar ta lura cewa rashin kula da bankuna da magudanan ruwa na [[Kogin Mereb]], da kuma hanyoyin ruwa a Kassala zai ƙara ta'azzara ambaliyar ruwa da lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ke haifarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sashen Kula da Yanayi na Kassala ya rubuta cewa {{Convert|118|mm}}ruwan  ya sauka a Kassala, {{Convert|95|mm}} ya faɗi a Wad Sheriffe, kuma {{Convert|74|mm}} ya faɗi a Gharb Kassala a ranakun 25 zuwa 26 ga Yuli, wanda shine mafi girman adadin ruwan sama a cikin shekaru da dama ga kowane yanki. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar &quot;Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) &amp;#x5B;EN/AR&amp;#x5D;&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tasiri ==
Daga ranar 23 zuwa 25 ga Yulin 2024, IOM ta ruwaito cewa guguwar da ta afkawa Arewacin Darfur ta haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da ta lalata gidaje kusan 1,018 a garin Zamzam da ke yankin Al-Fashir, lamarin da ya raba iyalansu da gidajensu. Gidaje 149 sun sami rauni kaɗan, kuma an lalata bandakuna 816. Sansanin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Zamzam ambaliyar ruwan ta fi shafa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Heavy Rains and Flooding in Al Fasher (Zamzam Town), North Darfur (Update One) 28 July 2024 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-heavy-rains-and-flooding-al-fasher-zamzam-town-north-darfur-update-one-28-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa a Jihar Kassala ta shafi mutane 10,180 ko fiye, waɗanda yawancinsu 'yan gudun hijira ne waɗanda suka zo kwanan nan daga Jihar Sennar, kuma suna nan a cibiyoyin karɓar baƙi guda biyar a yankin Gharb Kassala. Da yawa daga cikin waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da matsuguni kuma suna zaune kusa da hanyoyi, wanda hakan ya sa suka fi kamuwa da ambaliyar ruwa da cututtuka da ruwa ke haifarwa. Ambaliyar ta lalata [[WASH|wurare da dama na ruwa, tsafta, da tsafta]], da hanyoyi da tantuna da suka nutse. An ruwaito akalla mutane biyar sun mutu a yankin, uku daga cikinsu sun nutse a [[Kogin Mereb]], kuma yaro ɗaya ya mutu a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira. Ambaliyar ta kuma shafi mutane a yankunan Reifi Kassala, Shamal Al Delta, Aroma, da Gharb Kassala. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) [EN/AR] |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-humanitarian-impact-heavy-rains-and-flooding-flash-update-no-1-28-july-2024-enar &quot;Sudan: Humanitarian impact of heavy rains and flooding Flash Update No. 1 (as of 28 July 2024) &amp;#x5B;EN/AR&amp;#x5D;&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matsugunan 'yan gudun hijira da yawa sun cika makil saboda rashin magudanan ruwa da kuma saboda ambaliyar ruwa da ta yi, inda suka lalata abinci, barguna, tufafi, da sauran kayayyaki masu mahimmanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2024 |title=Eastern Sudan's Kassala streets, shelter areas flooded |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/eastern-sudans-kassala-streets-shelter-areas-flooded |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=July 26, 2024 |title=Eastern Sudan's Kassala streets, shelter areas flooded |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/eastern-sudans-kassala-streets-shelter-areas-flooded |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Dabanga Radio TV Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambaliyar ruwa da ta afku a ranar 25 zuwa 26 ga watan Yuli ta raba kimanin mutane 500 da muhallansu tare da lalata gidaje 100 a garin Aroma da ke yankin Reifi Aroma. &lt;ref name=&quot;reliefweb&quot; /&gt; A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, gidaje 85 sun &quot;lalace gaba daya&quot; sannan wasu 35 sun &quot;lalace wani bangare&quot; a Al Koma, yayin da gidaje ashirin da biyu suka ruguje, sannan wasu goma sha uku kuma suka ruguje a kauyen Ghibash, inda suka raba kimanin gidaje 107 da muhallansu a yankin Al Koma gaba daya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Heavy Rains and Flooding in Al Koma locality, North Darfur (Update One) 28 July 2024 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/dtm-sudan-flash-alert-heavy-rains-and-flooding-al-koma-locality-north-darfur-update-one-28-july-2024 |access-date=July 28, 2024 |website=[[Reliefweb]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2024, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Sudan ta ba da rahoton cewa akalla mutane 68 ne suka mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa, kuma ta kira ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni a kasar tun daga shekarar 2019. A kalla fararen hula 44,000 ne ambaliyar ruwan ta raba da gidajensu tun daga ranar 1 ga Yuli. Sama da gidaje 12,000 da gonaki 198,000 (kimanin eka 205,500) sun lalace ko kuma sun lalace sakamakon ambaliyar. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan
* [[Ambaliyar Sudan ta 2007|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2007]]
* [[Ambaliyar Sudan ta 2013|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2013]]
* [[Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2020|Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta 2020]]
* [[Ambaliyar ruwa ta Sudan ta 2022|Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta 2022]]
* Ambaliyar ruwa a Sudan ta Kudu a shekarar 2024

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ambaliyar Laingsburg</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333051074|Laingsburg Flood]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ambaliyar Laingsburg ta shekarar 1981''' ambaliyar ruwa ce da ta faru a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1981 a garin [[Laingsburg, Afirka ta Kudu|Laingsburg]], Western Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=At least 100 people drown in a flood at Laingsburg {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/least-100-people-drown-flood-laingsburg |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ta kashe akalla mazauna 104, kuma ba a sake samun gawarwakin mutane 72 ba. Jimillar gidaje 184 sun lalace.

== Ruwan Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Garin Laingsburg yana kusa da inda [[Kogin Groot (Kudancin Cape)|Kogin Buffels]] ya haɗu da rafuka biyu: kogunan Wilgehout da Baviaan (wanda aka fi sani da Bobbejaans). [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwan kogin Buffels yawanci bushe ne, saboda wurin da yake a cikin inuwar ruwan sama na tsaunukan Langeberg, Swartberg da Witteberg . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, lokaci-lokaci, tsarin matsi mai ƙarfi a bakin tekun Western Cape na iya tura iska mai danshi daga bakin teku zuwa kan tsaunuka, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ruwan sama a magudanar ruwan kogin Buffels, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwar kwararar ruwa a cikin koguna uku da ke taruwa kusa da Laingsburg. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A ranakun 24 da 25 ga Janairu 1981, wani yanayi mai kama da juna ya faru a sassan kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin. 

A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1981, ruwan sama da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin magudanar ruwa na Buffels ya sa Kogin Buffels ya cika bakinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 &quot;Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 | The Heritage Portal&quot;]. ''www.theheritageportal.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 July&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matsayin ruwan ya fara ƙaruwa a garin da misalin ƙarfe 12:00, kuma da ƙarfe 14:00, garin ya kusan rufe gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoorn |first=Angelo Ricardo |date=29 January 2021 |title=Remembering the Laingsburg Floods (40 Years) |url=https://weatherblog.co.za/floods/laingsburg-floods-40-years-remembered/ |website=Weatherblog.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan ambaliya da laka sun ratsa Laingsburg, inda wasu yankuna ke fuskantar matakin ruwa ya kai mita 10 sama da matakin kwararar ruwa na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

An kiyasta cewa kwararar ruwan kogin, a lokacin da yake kololuwa, ya kai mita 8000 a kowace daƙiƙa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-25 |title=Black Sunday: Remembering Laingsburg Flood, 25 January 1981 |url=https://www.sapeople.com/2022/01/25/black-sunday-remembering-laingsburg-flood-25-january-1981/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=SAPeople - Worldwide South African News |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jadawalin Lokacin Ruwa Mai Tashi (Janairu 25, 1981):

* 10:00 na safe: Ruwa ya fara malala a kan titin Krige.
* 12:00 PM: Ambaliyar ta shiga gidan tsofaffi.
* 1:00 na rana – 4:00 na yamma: Ruwan ya ƙaru sosai, har ya kai zurfin mita 5 a ɗakin kwanan dalibai na makarantar.
* 5:45 PM: Ambaliyar ta yi ta ko'ina, inda ta bar &quot;tsibirai&quot; kawai a bayyane a Babban Titin (Voortrekker).

== Lalacewa ==
Ambaliyar ta lalata kashi biyu bisa uku na kayayyakin more rayuwa na Laingsburg, inda ta lalata gidaje 184 da gine-ginen kasuwanci 23, ciki har da gidan tsofaffi na garin. Ambaliyar ta kashe mutane 104, kuma ba a sake gano gawawwaki 72 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Laingsburg |url=https://www.karoo-southafrica.com/koup/laingsburg/history-of-laingsburg/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Karoo, South Africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto da aka buga a watan Janairun 1982 ya nuna matsayin Laingsburg a matsayin wanda ya sa ta fi fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Laingsburg tana kan wani fili na ambaliyar ruwa na halitta a gefen ciki na Kogin Buffels. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa shi ne haɗuwar kogunan Buffels, Wilgehout, da Baviaans, da kuma tsaunin gabas zuwa yamma kai tsaye a ƙasa (kudu) na mahaɗin. Manyan magudanan ruwa guda biyu da Kogin Buffels sun haɗu nan da nan daga saman magudanan ruwa (hanyar tsakanin duwatsu) ta cikin tsaunin, kuma tsaunin ya jagoranci kwararar ruwa a cikin magudanan ruwa zuwa arewa zuwa kudancin garin. Haɗaɗɗen tasirin dukkan koguna uku da kuma takaita kogin da magudanan ruwa suka yi ya haifar da mafi yawan lalacewar da aka samu a kudancin Laingsburg tsakanin Swartberg St da kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Zubar da laka wani nau'i ne na lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da suka bushe a Afirka ta Kudu. Koguna a Cape Midlands da Karoo suna ɗauke da manyan laka a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Ƙarfin ruwa mai gudana wanda ke ɗauke da laka ya dogara ne da saurin ruwan. Lokacin da kogin ya cika bakinsa, saurin yana raguwa yayin da ruwan ke kwarara daga bakin kogin, musamman inda yake kwarara ta cikin wani yanki da aka gina. Ruwan da ke tafiya a hankali ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin laka da ke da alaƙa da saurin tsakiyar rafi ba, kuma laka yana taruwa yayin da ruwan ke raguwa. Babban laka yana faruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai yawa yana taruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai taruwa a Laingsburg ya kai zurfin mita 3 a wurare da yawa kuma jimlar laka da aka ajiye ya kai kimanin mita 200,000 na cubic. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da barna mai yawa a Laingsburg shine yawan tarkacen da ke iyo. Wannan ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi da aka wanke daga kogin daga sama, amma kuma ya haɗa da tarkacen gine-gine a garin da kanta. Ɓarnar ta haifar da lalacewar jiki ga gine-ginen tare da ƙara ta'azzara tarin laka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Laingsburg_Flood_Museum.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tarihi na Ambaliyar Laingsburg da ke gefen babban titi]]
Gine-gine da yawa a Laingsburg sun ruguje saboda yawan ruwan da ke cikinsu kawai. Waɗanda suka ruguje galibi tsoffin gine-gine ne. Sabbin gine-gine masu inganci ba su lalace sosai ba sai waɗanda aka yi musu tiyatar gaggawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan Tsohuwar ya ga asarar rayuka mafi girma. Yayin da wata babbar mota ta ceci wasu tsofaffi mazauna, wasu da yawa an motsa su cikin rufin ko kuma a kan rufin don gujewa ambaliyar ruwa. Lokacin da ginin ya ruguje, mutane 28 sun nutse, ciki har da Reverend na yankin da ma'aikatansa.

Mazauna yankin sun nemi mafaka a bishiyoyi da kuma kan rufin gidaje, galibi suna ƙoƙarin kare wayoyin lantarki masu rai da tarkace masu iyo. Wani da ya tsira, Jozef le Roes, an yi masa ruwa a ƙasa ta kilomita 15 kuma ya tsira, kodayake abokan tafiyarsa ba su tsira ba. Wasu kuma an yi musu ruwa a ruwa ta kilomita 20 a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Floriskraal, inda daga ƙarshe aka ceto su da jiragen helikwafta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rahotannin Farko ==
Rahotannin ambaliyar ruwa na farko sun bayyana ne bayan da jiragen helikwafta na SADF Super Frelon suka yi shawagi a kan garin da ƙarfe 09:00 na safiyar Litinin, 26 ga Janairu, 1981. 

== Bayan haka ==
Rundunar Tsaron Afirka ta Kudu (SADF) ta yi amfani da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu 14 don ayyukan bincike da ceto. Da zarar ayyukan ceto suka ƙare a ranar 28 ga Janairu, sun koma murmurewa, suna amfani da na'urorin haƙa ƙasa don share tarin datti daga gine-ginen jama'a. An kafa &quot;gari mai tanti&quot; mai tanti 115 a filin wasan rugby don ɗaukar marasa gidaje. Don hana cututtuka daga gurɓataccen ruwa, an kafa tsarin tsarkakewa, kuma ɗakunan girki masu motsi suna ba da abinci na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Bala'in ya haifar da martani mai yawa ga jama'a, inda aka bayar da gudummawar abinci, tufafi, da kuɗi daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Kudu da ƙasashen waje. Daga ƙarshe an yi gwanjon kayan da aka bayar da gudummawar da suka wuce kima don tallafawa matakin sake ginawa.

== Tasirin Na Dogon Lokaci ==
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta kashe miliyoyin kuɗi—ciki har da Naira miliyan 2.3 don biyan kuɗi da Naira miliyan 7 don sabbin gidaje—amma tsarin ya kasance mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce. Mazauna yankin ba su gamsu da cewa an gina sabbin gidaje a kan wani wuri mai duwatsu ba tare da shawara ba, wanda hakan ya sa aikin lambu da gini suka yi wahala. Ginawa ya nuna bambancin launin fata. Labaran labarai sun nuna cewa yayin da aka gyara makabartun fararen fata, makabartar &quot;mai launi&quot; da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta zama kango, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya ta daɗe. An yi zargin an gina wasu sabbin gidaje da makarantu a kan waɗannan kaburburan na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Lalacewar da ba a iya gani ba ta haɗa da rauni na dogon lokaci; da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira sun kasance ba sa son tattauna lamarin shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Ga mutane da yawa, sautin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi har yanzu yana haifar da tunanin bala'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Ambaliyar Laingsburg ta shekarar 1981''' ambaliyar ruwa ce da ta faru a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1981 a garin [[Laingsburg, Afirka ta Kudu|Laingsburg]], Western Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=At least 100 people drown in a flood at Laingsburg {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/least-100-people-drown-flood-laingsburg |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ta kashe akalla mazauna 104, kuma ba a sake samun gawarwakin mutane 72 ba. Jimillar gidaje 184 sun lalace.

== Ruwan Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Garin Laingsburg yana kusa da inda [[Kogin Groot (Kudancin Cape)|Kogin Buffels]] ya haɗu da rafuka biyu: kogunan Wilgehout da Baviaan (wanda aka fi sani da Bobbejaans). [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwan kogin Buffels yawanci bushe ne, saboda wurin da yake a cikin inuwar ruwan sama na tsaunukan Langeberg, Swartberg da Witteberg . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, lokaci-lokaci, tsarin matsi mai ƙarfi a bakin tekun Western Cape na iya tura iska mai danshi daga bakin teku zuwa kan tsaunuka, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ruwan sama a magudanar ruwan kogin Buffels, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwar kwararar ruwa a cikin koguna uku da ke taruwa kusa da Laingsburg. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A ranakun 24 da 25 ga Janairu 1981, wani yanayi mai kama da juna ya faru a sassan kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin. 

A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1981, ruwan sama da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin magudanar ruwa na Buffels ya sa Kogin Buffels ya cika bakinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 &quot;Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 | The Heritage Portal&quot;]. ''www.theheritageportal.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 July&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matsayin ruwan ya fara ƙaruwa a garin da misalin ƙarfe 12:00, kuma da ƙarfe 14:00, garin ya kusan rufe gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoorn |first=Angelo Ricardo |date=29 January 2021 |title=Remembering the Laingsburg Floods (40 Years) |url=https://weatherblog.co.za/floods/laingsburg-floods-40-years-remembered/ |website=Weatherblog.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan ambaliya da laka sun ratsa Laingsburg, inda wasu yankuna ke fuskantar matakin ruwa ya kai mita 10 sama da matakin kwararar ruwa na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

An kiyasta cewa kwararar ruwan kogin, a lokacin da yake kololuwa, ya kai mita 8000 a kowace daƙiƙa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-25 |title=Black Sunday: Remembering Laingsburg Flood, 25 January 1981 |url=https://www.sapeople.com/2022/01/25/black-sunday-remembering-laingsburg-flood-25-january-1981/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=SAPeople - Worldwide South African News |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jadawalin Lokacin Ruwa Mai Tashi (Janairu 25, 1981):

* 10:00 na safe: Ruwa ya fara malala a kan titin Krige.
* 12:00 PM: Ambaliyar ta shiga gidan tsofaffi.
* 1:00 na rana – 4:00 na yamma: Ruwan ya ƙaru sosai, har ya kai zurfin mita 5 a ɗakin kwanan dalibai na makarantar.
* 5:45 PM: Ambaliyar ta yi ta ko'ina, inda ta bar &quot;tsibirai&quot; kawai a bayyane a Babban Titin (Voortrekker).

== Lalacewa ==
Ambaliyar ta lalata kashi biyu bisa uku na kayayyakin more rayuwa na Laingsburg, inda ta lalata gidaje 184 da gine-ginen kasuwanci 23, ciki har da gidan tsofaffi na garin. Ambaliyar ta kashe mutane 104, kuma ba a sake gano gawawwaki 72 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Laingsburg |url=https://www.karoo-southafrica.com/koup/laingsburg/history-of-laingsburg/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Karoo, South Africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto da aka buga a watan Janairun 1982 ya nuna matsayin Laingsburg a matsayin wanda ya sa ta fi fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Laingsburg tana kan wani fili na ambaliyar ruwa na halitta a gefen ciki na Kogin Buffels. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa shi ne haɗuwar kogunan Buffels, Wilgehout, da Baviaans, da kuma tsaunin gabas zuwa yamma kai tsaye a ƙasa (kudu) na mahaɗin. Manyan magudanan ruwa guda biyu da Kogin Buffels sun haɗu nan da nan daga saman magudanan ruwa (hanyar tsakanin duwatsu) ta cikin tsaunin, kuma tsaunin ya jagoranci kwararar ruwa a cikin magudanan ruwa zuwa arewa zuwa kudancin garin. Haɗaɗɗen tasirin dukkan koguna uku da kuma takaita kogin da magudanan ruwa suka yi ya haifar da mafi yawan lalacewar da aka samu a kudancin Laingsburg tsakanin Swartberg St da kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Zubar da laka wani nau'i ne na lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da suka bushe a Afirka ta Kudu. Koguna a Cape Midlands da Karoo suna ɗauke da manyan laka a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Ƙarfin ruwa mai gudana wanda ke ɗauke da laka ya dogara ne da saurin ruwan. Lokacin da kogin ya cika bakinsa, saurin yana raguwa yayin da ruwan ke kwarara daga bakin kogin, musamman inda yake kwarara ta cikin wani yanki da aka gina. Ruwan da ke tafiya a hankali ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin laka da ke da alaƙa da saurin tsakiyar rafi ba, kuma laka yana taruwa yayin da ruwan ke raguwa. Babban laka yana faruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai yawa yana taruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai taruwa a Laingsburg ya kai zurfin mita 3 a wurare da yawa kuma jimlar laka da aka ajiye ya kai kimanin mita 200,000 na cubic. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da barna mai yawa a Laingsburg shine yawan tarkacen da ke iyo. Wannan ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi da aka wanke daga kogin daga sama, amma kuma ya haɗa da tarkacen gine-gine a garin da kanta. Ɓarnar ta haifar da lalacewar jiki ga gine-ginen tare da ƙara ta'azzara tarin laka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Laingsburg_Flood_Museum.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tarihi na Ambaliyar Laingsburg da ke gefen babban titi]]
Gine-gine da yawa a Laingsburg sun ruguje saboda yawan ruwan da ke cikinsu kawai. Waɗanda suka ruguje galibi tsoffin gine-gine ne. Sabbin gine-gine masu inganci ba su lalace sosai ba sai waɗanda aka yi musu tiyatar gaggawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan Tsohuwar ya ga asarar rayuka mafi girma. Yayin da wata babbar mota ta ceci wasu tsofaffi mazauna, wasu da yawa an motsa su cikin rufin ko kuma a kan rufin don gujewa ambaliyar ruwa. Lokacin da ginin ya ruguje, mutane 28 sun nutse, ciki har da Reverend na yankin da ma'aikatansa.

Mazauna yankin sun nemi mafaka a bishiyoyi da kuma kan rufin gidaje, galibi suna ƙoƙarin kare wayoyin lantarki masu rai da tarkace masu iyo. Wani da ya tsira, Jozef le Roes, an yi masa ruwa a ƙasa ta kilomita 15 kuma ya tsira, kodayake abokan tafiyarsa ba su tsira ba. Wasu kuma an yi musu ruwa a ruwa ta kilomita 20 a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Floriskraal, inda daga ƙarshe aka ceto su da jiragen helikwafta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rahotannin Farko ==
Rahotannin ambaliyar ruwa na farko sun bayyana ne bayan da jiragen helikwafta na SADF Super Frelon suka yi shawagi a kan garin da ƙarfe 09:00 na safiyar Litinin, 26 ga Janairu, 1981. 

== Bayan haka ==
Rundunar Tsaron Afirka ta Kudu (SADF) ta yi amfani da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu 14 don ayyukan bincike da ceto. Da zarar ayyukan ceto suka ƙare a ranar 28 ga Janairu, sun koma murmurewa, suna amfani da na'urorin haƙa ƙasa don share tarin datti daga gine-ginen jama'a. An kafa &quot;gari mai tanti&quot; mai tanti 115 a filin wasan rugby don ɗaukar marasa gidaje. Don hana cututtuka daga gurɓataccen ruwa, an kafa tsarin tsarkakewa, kuma ɗakunan girki masu motsi suna ba da abinci na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Bala'in ya haifar da martani mai yawa ga jama'a, inda aka bayar da gudummawar abinci, tufafi, da kuɗi daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Kudu da ƙasashen waje. Daga ƙarshe an yi gwanjon kayan da aka bayar da gudummawar da suka wuce kima don tallafawa matakin sake ginawa.

== Tasirin Na Dogon Lokaci ==
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta kashe miliyoyin kuɗi—ciki har da Naira miliyan 2.3 don biyan kuɗi da Naira miliyan 7 don sabbin gidaje—amma tsarin ya kasance mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce. Mazauna yankin ba su gamsu da cewa an gina sabbin gidaje a kan wani wuri mai duwatsu ba tare da shawara ba, wanda hakan ya sa aikin lambu da gini suka yi wahala. Ginawa ya nuna bambancin launin fata. Labaran labarai sun nuna cewa yayin da aka gyara makabartun fararen fata, makabartar &quot;mai launi&quot; da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta zama kango, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya ta daɗe. An yi zargin an gina wasu sabbin gidaje da makarantu a kan waɗannan kaburburan na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Lalacewar da ba a iya gani ba ta haɗa da rauni na dogon lokaci; da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira sun kasance ba sa son tattauna lamarin shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Ga mutane da yawa, sautin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi har yanzu yana haifar da tunanin bala'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Ambaliyar Laingsburg ta shekarar 1981''' ambaliyar ruwa ce da ta faru a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1981 a garin [[Laingsburg, Afirka ta Kudu|Laingsburg]], Western Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=At least 100 people drown in a flood at Laingsburg {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/least-100-people-drown-flood-laingsburg |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambaliyar ta kashe akalla mazauna 104, kuma ba a sake samun gawarwakin mutane 72 ba. Jimillar gidaje 184 sun lalace.

== Ruwan Ambaliyar Ruwa ==
Garin Laingsburg yana kusa da inda [[Kogin Groot (Kudancin Cape)|Kogin Buffels]] ya haɗu da rafuka biyu: kogunan Wilgehout da Baviaan (wanda aka fi sani da Bobbejaans). [[Ruwan ruwa|Magudanar]] ruwan kogin Buffels yawanci bushe ne, saboda wurin da yake a cikin inuwar ruwan sama na tsaunukan Langeberg, Swartberg da Witteberg . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, lokaci-lokaci, tsarin matsi mai ƙarfi a bakin tekun Western Cape na iya tura iska mai danshi daga bakin teku zuwa kan tsaunuka, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ruwan sama a magudanar ruwan kogin Buffels, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙaruwar kwararar ruwa a cikin koguna uku da ke taruwa kusa da Laingsburg. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A ranakun 24 da 25 ga Janairu 1981, wani yanayi mai kama da juna ya faru a sassan kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a yankin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kovacs|first=Z. P.|title=Documentation of the January 1981 floods in the South Western Cape|publisher=Republic of South Africa|year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1981, ruwan sama da ba a taɓa gani ba a yankin magudanar ruwa na Buffels ya sa Kogin Buffels ya cika bakinsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/dark-tourism-disaster-and-terrible-laingsburg-flood-1981 &quot;Dark tourism disaster and the terrible Laingsburg flood of 1981 | The Heritage Portal&quot;]. ''www.theheritageportal.co.za''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 July&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Matsayin ruwan ya fara ƙaruwa a garin da misalin ƙarfe 12:00, kuma da ƙarfe 14:00, garin ya kusan rufe gaba ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hoorn |first=Angelo Ricardo |date=29 January 2021 |title=Remembering the Laingsburg Floods (40 Years) |url=https://weatherblog.co.za/floods/laingsburg-floods-40-years-remembered/ |website=Weatherblog.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruwan ambaliya da laka sun ratsa Laingsburg, inda wasu yankuna ke fuskantar matakin ruwa ya kai mita 10 sama da matakin kwararar ruwa na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

An kiyasta cewa kwararar ruwan kogin, a lokacin da yake kololuwa, ya kai mita 8000 a kowace daƙiƙa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-25 |title=Black Sunday: Remembering Laingsburg Flood, 25 January 1981 |url=https://www.sapeople.com/2022/01/25/black-sunday-remembering-laingsburg-flood-25-january-1981/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=SAPeople - Worldwide South African News |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jadawalin Lokacin Ruwa Mai Tashi (Janairu 25, 1981):

* 10:00 na safe: Ruwa ya fara malala a kan titin Krige.
* 12:00 PM: Ambaliyar ta shiga gidan tsofaffi.
* 1:00 na rana – 4:00 na yamma: Ruwan ya ƙaru sosai, har ya kai zurfin mita 5 a ɗakin kwanan dalibai na makarantar.
* 5:45 PM: Ambaliyar ta yi ta ko'ina, inda ta bar &quot;tsibirai&quot; kawai a bayyane a Babban Titin (Voortrekker).

== Lalacewa ==
Ambaliyar ta lalata kashi biyu bisa uku na kayayyakin more rayuwa na Laingsburg, inda ta lalata gidaje 184 da gine-ginen kasuwanci 23, ciki har da gidan tsofaffi na garin. Ambaliyar ta kashe mutane 104, kuma ba a sake gano gawawwaki 72 ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Laingsburg |url=https://www.karoo-southafrica.com/koup/laingsburg/history-of-laingsburg/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Karoo, South Africa |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani rahoto da aka buga a watan Janairun 1982 ya nuna matsayin Laingsburg a matsayin wanda ya sa ta fi fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Laingsburg tana kan wani fili na ambaliyar ruwa na halitta a gefen ciki na Kogin Buffels. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa shi ne haɗuwar kogunan Buffels, Wilgehout, da Baviaans, da kuma tsaunin gabas zuwa yamma kai tsaye a ƙasa (kudu) na mahaɗin. Manyan magudanan ruwa guda biyu da Kogin Buffels sun haɗu nan da nan daga saman magudanan ruwa (hanyar tsakanin duwatsu) ta cikin tsaunin, kuma tsaunin ya jagoranci kwararar ruwa a cikin magudanan ruwa zuwa arewa zuwa kudancin garin. Haɗaɗɗen tasirin dukkan koguna uku da kuma takaita kogin da magudanan ruwa suka yi ya haifar da mafi yawan lalacewar da aka samu a kudancin Laingsburg tsakanin Swartberg St da kogin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Zubar da laka wani nau'i ne na lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan da suka bushe a Afirka ta Kudu. Koguna a Cape Midlands da Karoo suna ɗauke da manyan laka a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa mai yawa. Ƙarfin ruwa mai gudana wanda ke ɗauke da laka ya dogara ne da saurin ruwan. Lokacin da kogin ya cika bakinsa, saurin yana raguwa yayin da ruwan ke kwarara daga bakin kogin, musamman inda yake kwarara ta cikin wani yanki da aka gina. Ruwan da ke tafiya a hankali ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin laka da ke da alaƙa da saurin tsakiyar rafi ba, kuma laka yana taruwa yayin da ruwan ke raguwa. Babban laka yana faruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai yawa yana taruwa, musamman a kusa da gidaje mafi kusa da babban hanyar kogin, inda saurin ruwan ke raguwa da sauri. Laka mai taruwa a Laingsburg ya kai zurfin mita 3 a wurare da yawa kuma jimlar laka da aka ajiye ya kai kimanin mita 200,000 na cubic. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Wani abu kuma da ya haifar da barna mai yawa a Laingsburg shine yawan tarkacen da ke iyo. Wannan ya ƙunshi bishiyoyi da aka wanke daga kogin daga sama, amma kuma ya haɗa da tarkacen gine-gine a garin da kanta. Ɓarnar ta haifar da lalacewar jiki ga gine-ginen tare da ƙara ta'azzara tarin laka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Laingsburg_Flood_Museum.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tarihi na Ambaliyar Laingsburg da ke gefen babban titi]]
Gine-gine da yawa a Laingsburg sun ruguje saboda yawan ruwan da ke cikinsu kawai. Waɗanda suka ruguje galibi tsoffin gine-gine ne. Sabbin gine-gine masu inganci ba su lalace sosai ba sai waɗanda aka yi musu tiyatar gaggawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roberts |first=C P R |last2=ALEXANDER |first2=W J R |date=1982 |title=Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 |journal=Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=17–27}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobertsALEXANDER1982&quot;&gt;Roberts, C P R; ALEXANDER, W J R (1982). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10212019_20986 &quot;Lessons learnt from the 1981 Laingsburg Flood&quot;]. ''Die Siviele Ingenieur in Suid-Afrika''. '''24''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17–&lt;/span&gt;27.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidan Tsohuwar ya ga asarar rayuka mafi girma. Yayin da wata babbar mota ta ceci wasu tsofaffi mazauna, wasu da yawa an motsa su cikin rufin ko kuma a kan rufin don gujewa ambaliyar ruwa. Lokacin da ginin ya ruguje, mutane 28 sun nutse, ciki har da Reverend na yankin da ma'aikatansa.

Mazauna yankin sun nemi mafaka a bishiyoyi da kuma kan rufin gidaje, galibi suna ƙoƙarin kare wayoyin lantarki masu rai da tarkace masu iyo. Wani da ya tsira, Jozef le Roes, an yi masa ruwa a ƙasa ta kilomita 15 kuma ya tsira, kodayake abokan tafiyarsa ba su tsira ba. Wasu kuma an yi musu ruwa a ruwa ta kilomita 20 a cikin madatsar ruwa ta Floriskraal, inda daga ƙarshe aka ceto su da jiragen helikwafta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rahotannin Farko ==
Rahotannin ambaliyar ruwa na farko sun bayyana ne bayan da jiragen helikwafta na SADF Super Frelon suka yi shawagi a kan garin da ƙarfe 09:00 na safiyar Litinin, 26 ga Janairu, 1981. 

== Bayan haka ==
Rundunar Tsaron Afirka ta Kudu (SADF) ta yi amfani da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu 14 don ayyukan bincike da ceto. Da zarar ayyukan ceto suka ƙare a ranar 28 ga Janairu, sun koma murmurewa, suna amfani da na'urorin haƙa ƙasa don share tarin datti daga gine-ginen jama'a. An kafa &quot;gari mai tanti&quot; mai tanti 115 a filin wasan rugby don ɗaukar marasa gidaje. Don hana cututtuka daga gurɓataccen ruwa, an kafa tsarin tsarkakewa, kuma ɗakunan girki masu motsi suna ba da abinci na yau da kullun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Bala'in ya haifar da martani mai yawa ga jama'a, inda aka bayar da gudummawar abinci, tufafi, da kuɗi daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta Kudu da ƙasashen waje. Daga ƙarshe an yi gwanjon kayan da aka bayar da gudummawar da suka wuce kima don tallafawa matakin sake ginawa.

== Tasirin Na Dogon Lokaci ==
Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta kashe miliyoyin kuɗi—ciki har da Naira miliyan 2.3 don biyan kuɗi da Naira miliyan 7 don sabbin gidaje—amma tsarin ya kasance mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce. Mazauna yankin ba su gamsu da cewa an gina sabbin gidaje a kan wani wuri mai duwatsu ba tare da shawara ba, wanda hakan ya sa aikin lambu da gini suka yi wahala. Ginawa ya nuna bambancin launin fata. Labaran labarai sun nuna cewa yayin da aka gyara makabartun fararen fata, makabartar &quot;mai launi&quot; da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata ta zama kango, wanda ya haifar da ƙiyayya ta daɗe. An yi zargin an gina wasu sabbin gidaje da makarantu a kan waɗannan kaburburan na asali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Lalacewar da ba a iya gani ba ta haɗa da rauni na dogon lokaci; da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira sun kasance ba sa son tattauna lamarin shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Ga mutane da yawa, sautin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi har yanzu yana haifar da tunanin bala'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content |archive-date=2024-06-15 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=scholar.sun.ac.za}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20240615205341/https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content &quot;Wayback Machine&quot;]. ''scholar.sun.ac.za''. Archived from [https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc5d3b2d-ba06-4186-b2d6-3d53f228cff5/content the original] on 15 June 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;15 January&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Cite uses generic title ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic title]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Sesan Peter Ayodeji</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347625959|Sesan Peter Ayodeji]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sesan Peter Ayodeji''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1972) ƙwararren masanin injiniya ne na Najeriya kuma farfesa a fannin injiniya a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Akure|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Akure]] (FUTA). Ya shahara da bayar da gudummawa ga ƙirar injina da sarrafawa, [[Abubuwan ɗan adam da ergonomics|ergonomics]] da aka yi amfani da su, da inganta tsarin masana'antu. Ya lashe kyautar Kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022 saboda haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayodeji ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu daga 2012 zuwa 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Industrial and Production Engineering Dept. |url=https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/home/profile/593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708155700/https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/ |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ipe.futa.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abubuwan da yake sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da inganta tsarin injiniya, ingancin injina, ƙira mai da hankali kan ɗan adam a cikin ayyukan masana'antu. Ya rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa da aka yi wa nazari a kansu kuma ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen bincike da suka shafi ci gaban ilimi, ayyukan masana'antu, da tattaunawa kan manufofi a Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Peter Ayodeji {{!}} Scholar Profiles and Rankings {{!}} ScholarGPS |url=https://scholargps.com/scholars/45430135349743/sesan-peter-ayodeji |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=scholargps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Injiniya ne mai rijista tare da Majalisar Kula da Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN) kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (FNSE), kuma memba ne na ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwararru, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Duniya (IAENG), Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (NiMechE), Ƙungiyar Kayan Najeriya (MMSN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Injiniya ta Najeriya (NIIEM). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ayodeji a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1972 a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta AUD, Aramako-Ekiti daga 1979 zuwa 1984 sannan ya ci gaba da karatun Sakandare ta Alamoye, Aramako-Ekiti, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1990. Ya shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure, inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a Injiniyan Injiniya a 1999; digiri na biyu a Injiniyan Injiniya a 2003, da kuma digiri na uku a Falsafa (Ph.D.) a Injiniyan Samarwa a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2012, Ayodeji ya kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin bincike a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane, Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin ilimi ==
Ayodeji ya kasance Mataimakin Digiri na biyu a FUTA a shekarar 2000. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Malami, Malami na II, Malami na I, da kuma Babban Malami tsakanin 2000 da 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Daga 2000 zuwa 2012, yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Modibbo Adama, Yola, kafin ya dawo a 2017 a matsayin malami mai ziyara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tsakanin 2012 da 2013, ya yi aiki a wani shirin bincike na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa na Bincike da Kirkire-kirkire a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu daga 2014 zuwa 2019. Daga 2021 zuwa yau, ya riƙe matsayin Farfesa a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu da Samar da Ayyuka a FUTA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 2021, an naɗa shi shugaban makarantar kwana ta hutu a [[Jami'ar Achievers|Jami'ar Achievers da ke Owo]], inda yake kula da ayyukan ilimi da gudanarwa na Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Achievers University |url=https://publications.achievers.edu.ng/staff-profile/d0b3710a-898d-11ec-9558-7731c00c0c5e |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=publications.achievers.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike da wallafe-wallafe ==
Ayodeji ya buga takardu sama da 90 na kimiyya a cikin mujallun da aka yi nazari a kansu, ciki har da babi na littattafai a cikin littattafan da aka yi wa hukunci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan AYODEJI {{!}} Professor {{!}} Doctor of Engineering {{!}} Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure {{!}} futa {{!}} Department of Mechanical/ INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION Engineering {{!}} Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526034428/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙirƙiro na'urori da hanyoyin aiki da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya kai ga samun karramawa a '''kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya''' ta 2022 saboda haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya rubuta kuma ya rubuta wasu kasidu da aka yi nazari a kansu a mujallu na ƙasashen duniya, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga fannoni na injiniyan injiniya da samar da kayayyaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ &quot;Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus&quot;]. Archived from [https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ the original] on 30 April 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ===

* Kimanta aiki na injin sarrafa rogo da aka ƙera a cikin gida. ''Mujallar Injiniyan Masana'antu ta Afirka ta Kudu'' '''19 (1), 169-178''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bolaji |first=B. O. |last2=Adejuyigbe |first2=S. B. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S. P. |date=1 May 2008 |title=Performance evaluation of a locally developed cassava chipping machine |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC46163 |journal=South African Journal of Industrial Engineering |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=169–178 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Girgizar jiki gaba ɗaya a kan masu aikin kayan aikin motsa ƙasa a masana'antun gini. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''5(1), 1507266''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akinnuli |first=B.O. |last2=Dahunsi |first2=O.A. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S.P. |last4=Bodunde |first4=O.P. |date=1 January 2018 |editor-last=Jin |editor-first=Zhongmin |title=Whole-body vibration exposure on earthmoving equipment operators in construction industries |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2018.1507266 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ƙimar Ci gaba da Aiki na injin tafasawa don masana'antar sarrafa fulawa ta famo-yam. ''Mujallar Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Injiniyanci da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa'' '''2 (5), 853-857''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=S. P. |last2=Abioye |first2=T. E. |date=1 October 2011 |title=Development and performance evaluation of a parboiling machine for poundo-yam flour processing plant |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC156604 |journal=Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=853–857 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tasirin ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin cuta akan tauri, tasiri da ƙarfin tururi na walda mai motsa gogayya ta AA 6061-T6. ''Takardun Cibiyar Injiniyoyi, Sashe na L:'' ''Mujallar Kayan Aiki: Zane da Aikace-aikace'' '''235 (6), 1500-1506'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abioye |first=TE |last2=Zuhailawati |first2=H |last3=Anasyida |first3=AS |last4=Ayodeji |first4=SP |last5=Oke |first5=PK |date=1 June 2021 |title=Effects of particulate reinforcements on the hardness, impact and tensile strengths of AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464420721995544 |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L |language=EN |volume=235 |issue=6 |pages=1500–1506 |doi=10.1177/1464420721995544 |issn=1464-4207 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tsarin masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin plantain. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''3 (1), 1191743.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=Sesan Peter |date=31 December 2016 |editor-last=Zhou |editor-first=Zude |title=Conceptual design of a process plant for the production of plantain flour |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2016.1191743 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
Ayodeji ya lashe kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022; ya ƙirƙiro &quot;Ci gaban Masana'antar Sarrafa Garin Ayaba&quot; tare da Emmanuel Olatunji Olatomilola.  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Sesan Peter Ayodeji''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1972) ƙwararren masanin injiniya ne na Najeriya kuma farfesa a fannin injiniya a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Akure|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Akure]] (FUTA). Ya shahara da bayar da gudummawa ga ƙirar injina da sarrafawa, [[Abubuwan ɗan adam da ergonomics|ergonomics]] da aka yi amfani da su, da inganta tsarin masana'antu. Ya lashe kyautar Kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022 saboda haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayodeji ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu daga 2012 zuwa 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Industrial and Production Engineering Dept. |url=https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/home/profile/593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708155700/https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/ |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ipe.futa.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abubuwan da yake sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da inganta tsarin injiniya, ingancin injina, ƙira mai da hankali kan ɗan adam a cikin ayyukan masana'antu. Ya rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa da aka yi wa nazari a kansu kuma ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen bincike da suka shafi ci gaban ilimi, ayyukan masana'antu, da tattaunawa kan manufofi a Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Peter Ayodeji {{!}} Scholar Profiles and Rankings {{!}} ScholarGPS |url=https://scholargps.com/scholars/45430135349743/sesan-peter-ayodeji |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=scholargps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Injiniya ne mai rijista tare da Majalisar Kula da Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN) kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (FNSE), kuma memba ne na ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwararru, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Duniya (IAENG), Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (NiMechE), Ƙungiyar Kayan Najeriya (MMSN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Injiniya ta Najeriya (NIIEM). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ayodeji a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1972 a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta AUD, Aramako-Ekiti daga 1979 zuwa 1984 sannan ya ci gaba da karatun Sakandare ta Alamoye, Aramako-Ekiti, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1990. Ya shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure, inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a Injiniyan Injiniya a 1999; digiri na biyu a Injiniyan Injiniya a 2003, da kuma digiri na uku a Falsafa (Ph.D.) a Injiniyan Samarwa a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2012, Ayodeji ya kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin bincike a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane, Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin ilimi ==
Ayodeji ya kasance Mataimakin Digiri na biyu a FUTA a shekarar 2000. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Malami, Malami na II, Malami na I, da kuma Babban Malami tsakanin 2000 da 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Daga 2000 zuwa 2012, yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Modibbo Adama, Yola, kafin ya dawo a 2017 a matsayin malami mai ziyara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tsakanin 2012 da 2013, ya yi aiki a wani shirin bincike na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa na Bincike da Kirkire-kirkire a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu daga 2014 zuwa 2019. Daga 2021 zuwa yau, ya riƙe matsayin Farfesa a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu da Samar da Ayyuka a FUTA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 2021, an naɗa shi shugaban makarantar kwana ta hutu a [[Jami'ar Achievers|Jami'ar Achievers da ke Owo]], inda yake kula da ayyukan ilimi da gudanarwa na Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Achievers University |url=https://publications.achievers.edu.ng/staff-profile/d0b3710a-898d-11ec-9558-7731c00c0c5e |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=publications.achievers.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike da wallafe-wallafe ==
Ayodeji ya buga takardu sama da 90 na kimiyya a cikin mujallun da aka yi nazari a kansu, ciki har da babi na littattafai a cikin littattafan da aka yi wa hukunci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan AYODEJI {{!}} Professor {{!}} Doctor of Engineering {{!}} Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure {{!}} futa {{!}} Department of Mechanical/ INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION Engineering {{!}} Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526034428/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙirƙiro na'urori da hanyoyin aiki da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya kai ga samun karramawa a '''kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya''' ta 2022 saboda haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya rubuta kuma ya rubuta wasu kasidu da aka yi nazari a kansu a mujallu na ƙasashen duniya, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga fannoni na injiniyan injiniya da samar da kayayyaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ &quot;Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus&quot;]. Archived from [https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ the original] on 30 April 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ===

* Kimanta aiki na injin sarrafa rogo da aka ƙera a cikin gida. ''Mujallar Injiniyan Masana'antu ta Afirka ta Kudu'' '''19 (1), 169-178''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bolaji |first=B. O. |last2=Adejuyigbe |first2=S. B. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S. P. |date=1 May 2008 |title=Performance evaluation of a locally developed cassava chipping machine |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC46163 |journal=South African Journal of Industrial Engineering |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=169–178 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Girgizar jiki gaba ɗaya a kan masu aikin kayan aikin motsa ƙasa a masana'antun gini. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''5(1), 1507266''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akinnuli |first=B.O. |last2=Dahunsi |first2=O.A. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S.P. |last4=Bodunde |first4=O.P. |date=1 January 2018 |editor-last=Jin |editor-first=Zhongmin |title=Whole-body vibration exposure on earthmoving equipment operators in construction industries |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2018.1507266 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ƙimar Ci gaba da Aiki na injin tafasawa don masana'antar sarrafa fulawa ta famo-yam. ''Mujallar Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Injiniyanci da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa'' '''2 (5), 853-857''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=S. P. |last2=Abioye |first2=T. E. |date=1 October 2011 |title=Development and performance evaluation of a parboiling machine for poundo-yam flour processing plant |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC156604 |journal=Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=853–857 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tasirin ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin cuta akan tauri, tasiri da ƙarfin tururi na walda mai motsa gogayya ta AA 6061-T6. ''Takardun Cibiyar Injiniyoyi, Sashe na L:'' ''Mujallar Kayan Aiki: Zane da Aikace-aikace'' '''235 (6), 1500-1506'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abioye |first=TE |last2=Zuhailawati |first2=H |last3=Anasyida |first3=AS |last4=Ayodeji |first4=SP |last5=Oke |first5=PK |date=1 June 2021 |title=Effects of particulate reinforcements on the hardness, impact and tensile strengths of AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464420721995544 |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L |language=EN |volume=235 |issue=6 |pages=1500–1506 |doi=10.1177/1464420721995544 |issn=1464-4207 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tsarin masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin plantain. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''3 (1), 1191743.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=Sesan Peter |date=31 December 2016 |editor-last=Zhou |editor-first=Zude |title=Conceptual design of a process plant for the production of plantain flour |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2016.1191743 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
Ayodeji ya lashe kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022; ya ƙirƙiro &quot;Ci gaban Masana'antar Sarrafa Garin Ayaba&quot; tare da Emmanuel Olatunji Olatomilola.  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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        <id>9891</id>
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'''Sesan Peter Ayodeji''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1972) ƙwararren masanin injiniya ne na Najeriya kuma farfesa a fannin injiniya a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Akure|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Akure]] (FUTA). Ya shahara da bayar da gudummawa ga ƙirar injina da sarrafawa, [[Abubuwan ɗan adam da ergonomics|ergonomics]] da aka yi amfani da su, da inganta tsarin masana'antu. Ya lashe kyautar Kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022 saboda haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayodeji ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu daga 2012 zuwa 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Industrial and Production Engineering Dept. |url=https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/home/profile/593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708155700/https://ipe.futa.edu.ng/ |archive-date=8 July 2024 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ipe.futa.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abubuwan da yake sha'awa a kansu sun haɗa da inganta tsarin injiniya, ingancin injina, ƙira mai da hankali kan ɗan adam a cikin ayyukan masana'antu. Ya rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa da aka yi wa nazari a kansu kuma ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen bincike da suka shafi ci gaban ilimi, ayyukan masana'antu, da tattaunawa kan manufofi a Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Peter Ayodeji {{!}} Scholar Profiles and Rankings {{!}} ScholarGPS |url=https://scholargps.com/scholars/45430135349743/sesan-peter-ayodeji |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=scholargps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Injiniya ne mai rijista tare da Majalisar Kula da Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN) kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (FNSE), kuma memba ne na ƙungiyoyi da dama na ƙwararru, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Duniya (IAENG), Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Najeriya (NiMechE), Ƙungiyar Kayan Najeriya (MMSN), da Cibiyar Gudanar da Injiniya ta Najeriya (NIIEM). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ayodeji a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1972 a [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta AUD, Aramako-Ekiti daga 1979 zuwa 1984 sannan ya ci gaba da karatun Sakandare ta Alamoye, Aramako-Ekiti, inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1990. Ya shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure, inda ya yi digirinsa na farko a Injiniyan Injiniya a 1999; digiri na biyu a Injiniyan Injiniya a 2003, da kuma digiri na uku a Falsafa (Ph.D.) a Injiniyan Samarwa a 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37085636977 &quot;Sesan Ayodeji&amp;nbsp;— IEEE Xplore Author Profile&quot;]. ''ieeexplore.ieee.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2012, Ayodeji ya kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin bincike a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane, Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin ilimi ==
Ayodeji ya kasance Mataimakin Digiri na biyu a FUTA a shekarar 2000. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Malami, Malami na II, Malami na I, da kuma Babban Malami tsakanin 2000 da 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Daga 2000 zuwa 2012, yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Modibbo Adama, Yola, kafin ya dawo a 2017 a matsayin malami mai ziyara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tsakanin 2012 da 2013, ya yi aiki a wani shirin bincike na digiri na uku a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane]], [[Pretoria]], Afirka ta Kudu, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; daga baya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa na Bincike da Kirkire-kirkire a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu daga 2014 zuwa 2019. Daga 2021 zuwa yau, ya riƙe matsayin Farfesa a Sashen Injiniyan Masana'antu da Samar da Ayyuka a FUTA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 2021, an naɗa shi shugaban makarantar kwana ta hutu a [[Jami'ar Achievers|Jami'ar Achievers da ke Owo]], inda yake kula da ayyukan ilimi da gudanarwa na Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Achievers University |url=https://publications.achievers.edu.ng/staff-profile/d0b3710a-898d-11ec-9558-7731c00c0c5e |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=publications.achievers.edu.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bincike da wallafe-wallafe ==
Ayodeji ya buga takardu sama da 90 na kimiyya a cikin mujallun da aka yi nazari a kansu, ciki har da babi na littattafai a cikin littattafan da aka yi wa hukunci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sesan AYODEJI {{!}} Professor {{!}} Doctor of Engineering {{!}} Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure {{!}} futa {{!}} Department of Mechanical/ INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION Engineering {{!}} Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526034428/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sesan-Ayodeji-3 |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya ƙirƙiro na'urori da hanyoyin aiki da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya kai ga samun karramawa a '''kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya''' ta 2022 saboda haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin ayaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Prof. Sesan Peter Ayodeji |url=https://www.thenigeriaprizes.org/profile/prof-sesan-peter-ayodeji/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Nigeria Prizes Website |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya rubuta kuma ya rubuta wasu kasidu da aka yi nazari a kansu a mujallu na ƙasashen duniya, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga fannoni na injiniyan injiniya da samar da kayayyaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus |url=https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=30 April 2025 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250430152649/https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ &quot;Author&amp;nbsp;– African Research Nexus&quot;]. Archived from [https://research-nexus.net/author/1000039516/ the original] on 30 April 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;30 April&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ===

* Kimanta aiki na injin sarrafa rogo da aka ƙera a cikin gida. ''Mujallar Injiniyan Masana'antu ta Afirka ta Kudu'' '''19 (1), 169-178''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bolaji |first=B. O. |last2=Adejuyigbe |first2=S. B. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S. P. |date=1 May 2008 |title=Performance evaluation of a locally developed cassava chipping machine |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC46163 |journal=South African Journal of Industrial Engineering |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=169–178 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Girgizar jiki gaba ɗaya a kan masu aikin kayan aikin motsa ƙasa a masana'antun gini. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''5(1), 1507266''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Akinnuli |first=B.O. |last2=Dahunsi |first2=O.A. |last3=Ayodeji |first3=S.P. |last4=Bodunde |first4=O.P. |date=1 January 2018 |editor-last=Jin |editor-first=Zhongmin |title=Whole-body vibration exposure on earthmoving equipment operators in construction industries |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2018.1507266 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ƙimar Ci gaba da Aiki na injin tafasawa don masana'antar sarrafa fulawa ta famo-yam. ''Mujallar Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Injiniyanci da Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa'' '''2 (5), 853-857''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=S. P. |last2=Abioye |first2=T. E. |date=1 October 2011 |title=Development and performance evaluation of a parboiling machine for poundo-yam flour processing plant |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC156604 |journal=Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=853–857 |via=Sabinet African Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tasirin ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin cuta akan tauri, tasiri da ƙarfin tururi na walda mai motsa gogayya ta AA 6061-T6. ''Takardun Cibiyar Injiniyoyi, Sashe na L:'' ''Mujallar Kayan Aiki: Zane da Aikace-aikace'' '''235 (6), 1500-1506'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abioye |first=TE |last2=Zuhailawati |first2=H |last3=Anasyida |first3=AS |last4=Ayodeji |first4=SP |last5=Oke |first5=PK |date=1 June 2021 |title=Effects of particulate reinforcements on the hardness, impact and tensile strengths of AA 6061-T6 friction stir weldments |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464420721995544 |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L |language=EN |volume=235 |issue=6 |pages=1500–1506 |doi=10.1177/1464420721995544 |issn=1464-4207 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tsarin masana'antar sarrafa kayan aiki don samar da garin plantain. ''Cogent Engineering'' '''3 (1), 1191743.''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ayodeji |first=Sesan Peter |date=31 December 2016 |editor-last=Zhou |editor-first=Zude |title=Conceptual design of a process plant for the production of plantain flour |journal=Cogent Engineering |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311916.2016.1191743 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
Ayodeji ya lashe kyautar kimiyya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2022; ya ƙirƙiro &quot;Ci gaban Masana'antar Sarrafa Garin Ayaba&quot; tare da Emmanuel Olatunji Olatomilola.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ogundipe |first=Sola |date=15 September 2022 |title=2 scientific works win NLNG's Nigeria Prize for Science 2022 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/09/2-scientific-works-win-nlngs-nigeria-prize-for-science-2022/ |access-date=3 May 2025 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |location=Lagos, Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-09-15 |title=Innovations on food security win $100,000 science prize |url=https://guardian.ng/news/innovations-on-food-security-win-100000-science-prize/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diocese na Ilorin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1306272444|Diocese of Ilorin]]&quot;</comment>
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Roman Catholic diocese na [[Ilorin]] (Latin: ) diocese ne da ke cikin garin Ilorin a lardin Ibadan a [[Najeriya]] .

== Tarihi ==

* Janairu 20, 1960: An kafa shi a matsayin Babban Limamin Ilorin daga Diocese na Roman Katolika na Ondo .
* 29 ga Mayu, 1969: An ɗaukaka shi a matsayin Diocese na Ilorin

== Coci-coci na musamman ==
Babban cocin shine cocin Saint Joseph da ke [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|jihar Kwara]] .

== Bishops ==

* Limaman Ilorin (tsarin Romawa)
** Fr. William Mahony, SMA (1960.12.06 – 1969.05.29 ''duba ƙasa'' )
* Bishop na Ilorin (tsarin Romawa)
** William Mahony, SMA ( ''duba sama'' 1969.05.29 – 1984.10.20)
** [[John Onaiyekan|John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] (1984.10.20 – 1990.07.07), ya nada Coadjutor Bishop na Abuja; Cardinal na gaba
** Ayo-Maria Atoyebi, OP (1992.03.06 &amp;#x2013; 2019.06.11)
* Paul Adegboyega Olawoore (2019.06.11 &amp;#x2013; 2022.01.01)
* [[Anselm Pendo Lawani]] (2024.02.02 &amp;#x2013; yanzu)

=== Coadjutor Bishop ===

* Paul Adegboyega Olawoore (2018-2019)

=== Bishop Mai Taimako ===

* [[John Onaiyekan|John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] (1982-1984), ya nada Bishop a nan; Cardinal na gaba

=== Sauran firistoci na wannan cocin da suka zama bishop ===

* Martin Igwe Uzoukwu, ya nada Bishop of Minna a 1996
* Bulus Dauwa Yohanna (firist a nan, 1998-2002), an nada Vicar Apostolic na Kontagora a 2012

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Cocin Katolika a Najeriya|Katolika na Roman a Najeriya]]

== Majiyoyi ==

* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ilor0.htm Bayanin GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dilor.html Tsarin Katolika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230811033405/http://www.catholicdioceseofilorin.org/ Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma]</text>
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        <id>31123</id>
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      <text bytes="1715" sha1="73fwfoockh2dam4txo5xfc3ru34ljgl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Roman Catholic diocese na [[Ilorin]] (Latin:) diocese ne da ke cikin garin Ilorin a lardin Ibadan a [[Najeriya]].

== Tarihi ==

* Janairu 20, 1960: An kafa shi a matsayin Babban Limamin Ilorin daga Diocese na Roman Katolika na Ondo.
* 29 ga Mayu, 1969: An ɗaukaka shi a matsayin Diocese na Ilorin

== Coci-coci na musamman ==
Babban cocin shine cocin Saint Joseph da ke [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|jihar Kwara]] .

== Bishops ==

* Limaman Ilorin (tsarin Romawa)
** Fr. William Mahony, SMA (1960.12.06 – 1969.05.29 ''duba ƙasa'' )
* Bishop na Ilorin (tsarin Romawa)
** William Mahony, SMA ( ''duba sama'' 1969.05.29 – 1984.10.20)
** [[John Onaiyekan|John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] (1984.10.20 – 1990.07.07), ya nada Coadjutor Bishop na Abuja; Cardinal na gaba
** Ayo-Maria Atoyebi, OP (1992.03.06 &amp;#x2013; 2019.06.11)
* Paul Adegboyega Olawoore (2019.06.11 &amp;#x2013; 2022.01.01)
* [[Anselm Pendo Lawani]] (2024.02.02 &amp;#x2013; yanzu)

=== Coadjutor Bishop ===

* Paul Adegboyega Olawoore (2018-2019)

=== Bishop Mai Taimako ===

* [[John Onaiyekan|John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] (1982-1984), ya nada Bishop a nan; Cardinal na gaba

=== Sauran firistoci na wannan cocin da suka zama bishop ===

* Martin Igwe Uzoukwu, ya nada Bishop of Minna a 1996
* Bulus Dauwa Yohanna (firist a nan, 1998-2002), an nada Vicar Apostolic na Kontagora a 2012

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Cocin Katolika a Najeriya|Katolika na Roman a Najeriya]]

== Majiyoyi ==

* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ilor0.htm Bayanin GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dilor.html Tsarin Katolika]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230811033405/http://www.catholicdioceseofilorin.org/ Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma]</text>
      <sha1>73fwfoockh2dam4txo5xfc3ru34ljgl</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Hakkin LGBTQ a Tuvalu</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335603894|LGBTQ rights in Tuvalu]]&quot;</comment>
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a gwagwalada Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a gwagwalada waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da gwagwalada hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta gwagwagwalada auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya, gwagwalada wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka gwagwalada rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan gwagwagwalada adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da gwagwalada nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da gwagwalada mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka, gwagwalada al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa gwagwalada da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu gwagwalada Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa gwagwalada kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda gwagwaglada mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran gwagwalada da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da gwagwalada mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci gwagwalada daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

Gyaran shekarar 2023 ga Kundin gwagwalada Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure gwagwalada kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da gwagwalada sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta gwagwalada jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da gwagwalada manya masu yarda a gwagwalada karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na gwagwalada jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153: gwagwalada Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare gwagwalada da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata gwagwalada laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara gwagwalada kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na gwagwalada ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani gwagwalada mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155: gwagwalada Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani gwagwalada mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da gwagwalada laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan: gwagwagwalada Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex gwagwalada unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's gwagwalada &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci, gwagwagwalada launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin gwagwalada aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar gwagwalada kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na gwagwalada matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a gwagwalda rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40 gwagwalada (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa gwagwalada da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa gwagwalada kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda gwagwaglada mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran gwagwalada da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da gwagwalada mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci gwagwalada daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

Gyaran shekarar 2023 ga Kundin gwagwalada Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure gwagwalada kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da gwagwalada sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta gwagwalada jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da gwagwalada manya masu yarda a gwagwalada karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na gwagwalada jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153: gwagwalada Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare gwagwalada da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata gwagwalada laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara gwagwalada kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na gwagwalada ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani gwagwalada mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155: gwagwalada Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani gwagwalada mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da gwagwalada laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan: gwagwagwalada Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex gwagwalada unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's gwagwalada &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci, gwagwagwalada launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin gwagwalada aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar gwagwalada kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na gwagwalada matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a gwagwalda rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40 gwagwalada (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa  da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa  kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda  mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran  da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da  mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci  daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

shekarar 2023 ga Kundin  Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure gwagwalada kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da  sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta  jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da gwagwalada manya masu yarda a gwagwalada karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na gwagwalada jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153: gwagwalada Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare gwagwalada da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata gwagwalada laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara gwagwalada kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na gwagwalada ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani gwagwalada mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da gwagwalada alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155: gwagwalada Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani gwagwalada mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da gwagwalada laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan: gwagwagwalada Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex gwagwalada unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's gwagwalada &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci, gwagwagwalada launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin gwagwalada aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar gwagwalada kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na gwagwalada matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a gwagwalda rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40 gwagwalada (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <id>9880</id>
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa  da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa  kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda  mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran  da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da  mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci  daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

shekarar 2023 ga Kundin  Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure gwagwalada kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da  sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta  jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da gwagwalada manya masu yarda a  karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na  jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153:  Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare  da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata  laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara gwagwalada kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani  mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155:  Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani  mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da  laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan:  Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex gwagwalada unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's  &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci,  launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin  aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar  kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na  matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a  rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40  (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    </revision>
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        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa  da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa  kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda  mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran  da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da  mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci  daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

shekarar 2023 ga Kundin  Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure  kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da  sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta  jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da  manya masu yarda a  karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na  jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153:  Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare  da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata  laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara  kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani  mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155:  Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani  mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da  laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan:  Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex  unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's  &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci,  launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin  aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar  kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na  matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a  rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40  (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa  da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa  kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda  mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran  da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da  mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci  daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

shekarar 2023 ga Kundin  Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure  kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da  sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta  jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da  manya masu yarda a  karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na  jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153:  Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare  da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata  laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara  kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani  mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155:  Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani  mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da  laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan:  Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex  unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's  &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci,  launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin  aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar  kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na  matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a  rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40  (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13601" sha1="n0mzjcva1t03clepwwffmrsvdstpgwb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a  Tuvalu suna fuskantar matsalolin shari'a  waɗanda ba mazaunan LGBTQ ba suka fuskanta. Sashe na 153, 154 da 155 na Dokar Shari'a sun haramta Jima'i na maza tare da  hukuncin har zuwa shekaru 14 a kurkuku, amma ba a aiwatar da doka ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu Penal Code |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115435/http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Tuvalu Legislation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Gay Tuvalu News &amp; Reports |url=https://archive.globalgayz.com/oceania/tuvalu/gay-tuvalu-news-and-reports/ |website=GlobalGayz}}&lt;/ref&gt; An haramta nuna bambanci a kan aiki bisa ga jima'i tun daga shekarar 2017. Tun daga shekarar 2023, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ya haramta  auren jinsi guda.

[[Tuvalu]] gida ce ga al'adun gargajiya,  wanda ake kira &quot;Paniine&quot;, ko ''pina'', wanda a tarihi ya taka  rawar al'umma da al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2011, Tuvalu ta sanya hannu kan &quot;sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa game da kawo karshen ayyukan tashin hankali da keta haƙƙin ɗan  adam da suka danganci jima'i da jinsi&quot; a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], suna Allah wadai da tashin hankali da  nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBTQ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donahoe |first=Eileen Chamberlain |date=2011-03-22 |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights |url=https://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |website=U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
Ba a rubuta nuna bambanci ga dangantakar jinsi ɗaya da  mutanen da ke canza launin fata ba kafin zuwan masu wa'azi na Kirista a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. A zamanin mulkin mallaka,  al'ummomin Polynesia, irin su Samoa, al'adun &quot;yanci ne na jima'i&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gauguin |first=Paul |date=1 September 2010 |title=The men-women of the Pacific |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific |website=Tate.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Tuvalu, mutanen da aka sanya su namiji a lokacin haihuwa amma suna rayuwa  da kuma nuna hali a matsayin mata ana kiransu  Payinine, ko ''pina'', kuma a tarihi suna da wasu matsayi na al'umma, kamar saƙa kwando. An kuma san su da baiwarsu na yin bikin rawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa  kungiyar Tuvalu Pina Association a cikin shekara ta 2015. Matsayin kungiyar shine bayar da shawarwari ga haƙƙin pina. Kungiyar tana da mambobi 15, wadanda  mambobi ne na kungiyoyi biyu na al'ada.&lt;ref name=&quot;NGO1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu |url=https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.undp.org/pacific/publications/pacific-multicountry-mapping-behavioural-study-key-findings &quot;Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study: HIV and STI Risk Vulnerability among Key Populations – Tuvalu&quot;]. ''United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the University of New South Wales (UNSW)''. 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 December&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Mulki na Tuvalu ==
Gyaran  da aka yi wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 2023 ba su samar da amincewa da haƙƙin LGBTQ a Tuvalu ba. 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci a sashi na 27, ya bayyana nuna bambanci kamar yadda ake bi da  mutane daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban gaba ɗaya ko galibi saboda Jima'i daban-daban (a tsakanin sauran halayen da aka kare), &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma baya nuna' yanci  daga nuna bambancin ra'ayi dangane da yanayin jima'i.

shekarar 2023 ga Kundin  Tsarin Mulki ya kuma tsara Yarjejeniyar Ayyuka da Hakki. Koyaya, kawai sanarwa game da dangantaka ita ce ga &quot;ɗaya ta iyali, wanda zai ƙunshi aure  kamar yadda yake tsakanin namiji da mace ba tare da  sauran ba&quot;, a Sashe na 43 (2) (b). &lt;ref name=&quot;CofT23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2023 |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |url=https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=27 November 2023 |publisher=Government of Tuvalu |page=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231203110943/https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf &quot;Constitution of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Government of Tuvalu. 5 September 2023. Archived from [https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_2.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 3 December 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 November&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shari'a ta jima'i na jinsi ɗaya ==
Dokar Shari'a ta haramta  jima'i tsakanin maza da maza. A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, tun daga shekara ta 2013 babu rahotanni na gurfanar da  manya masu yarda a  karkashin wadannan tanadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu 2013 Human Rights Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf |website=U.S. Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekarar yarda don jima'i na  jima'i da jima'i ya kai 15.

=== Dokar Laifi ===

* Sashe na 153:  Laifukan da ba na halitta ba

Duk wani mutum wanda - (a) ya aikata buggery tare  da wani mutum ko dabba; ko (b) ya ba da izinin namiji ya aikata bugstery tare da shi, zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 14.

* Sashe na 154: Kokarin aikata  laifuka da ba na halitta ba da kuma kai hari mara  kyau

Duk mutumin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya aikata wani laifi da aka ƙayyade a cikin sashi na ƙarshe da ya gabata, ko kuma wanda ke da laifi na kowane hari da niyyar yin haka, ko kuma wani  mummunan hari a kan kowane namiji zai kasance da laifi, kuma zai kasance da  alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 7.

* Sashe na 155:  Ayyuka marasa kyau tsakanin maza

Duk wani namiji wanda, ko a fili ko a sirri, ya aikata duk wani mummunan aiki tare da wani namiji, ko kuma ya sayi wani namiji don yin duk wani  mummunan aikin tare da shi, ko ƙoƙarin samun aikin kowane namiji tare da kansa ko tare da wani mutum namiji, a fili ko sirri, zai kasance da  laifi, kuma zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin shekaru 5.

== Sanar da dangantakar jinsi ɗaya ==
Tuvalu does not recognize [[Aure na jinsi ɗaya|same-sex marriage]] or civil unions. The ''Marriage Act (Cap 29)'' (Tuvaluan:  Tulafono Lasi i te Faiga o Avaga (Napa 29)) does not expressly prohibit the recognition of same-sex  unions, but generally assumes the parties to be male and female. Same-sex marriages do not appear in the Act's  &quot;restrictions on marriage&quot; section.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marriage Act |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act_2008/ma85/ |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tusi Galue a Famasino o Fono Tulafono a Fenua i Tuvalu |url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/other/tuvalu-courts-bench-book-2004-tuv.pdf |website=Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsaro na nuna bambanci ==
''Dokar Kula da Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta shekarar 2017'' ta haramta nuna bambanci bisa ga jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuvalu National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/079/95/PDF/G1807995.pdf?OpenElement |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=documents-dds-ny.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nuna bambanci a wurin aiki bisa ga &quot;asalin kabilanci,  launin fata, launi, fitowar ƙasa, asalin zamantakewa, matsayi na zamantakewa ko matsayi na tattalin arziki; ko jinsi, jima'i, ciki, matsayin  aure, yanayin jima'i ko nauyin iyali; ko shekaru, yanayin lafiya, matsayin HIV / AIDS, ko nakasa; ko addini ko ra'ayi na siyasa; ko memba na ƙungiyar  kwadago ko aiki; ko shiga cikin kowane rikici, bincike ko shari'a&quot; an haramta shi. School

== Kididdiga ==
Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005, kimanin kashi 14% na  matasa maza na Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 24 sun yi jima'i da abokin tarayya namiji wani lokaci a  rayuwarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Health&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918041158/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf &quot;Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''. 2016. Archived from [https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 18 September 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 November&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dangane da kimantawa na shekarar 2017 daga UNAIDS, akwai kimanin maza 300 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a cikin ƙasar, da kuma kimanin mutane 40  (mutane masu canza launin fata). &lt;ref name=&quot;AIDS16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf |website=UNAIDS}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_2017_countryreport.pdf &quot;Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''UNAIDS''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayani na tebur ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi guda doka
| (Ga maza, ba a tilasta su ba, an ba da izini) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Daidaitawar shekarun yarda
| (Ga maza) / (Ga mata) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]][[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin aiki kawai
| (Tun daga shekara ta 2017) [[File:Yes_check.svg|15x15px|Yes]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a cikin samar da kayayyaki da aiyuka
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci a duk sauran yankuna (Ciki har da nuna bambancin kai tsaye, maganganun ƙiyayya) 
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Aure na jinsi ɗaya
| (Hakkin kundin tsarin mulki tun 2023) [[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Sanar da ma'aurata na jinsi ɗaya
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Amincewa da 'yan mata masu jima'i
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Samun tallafi ta ma'aurata masu jinsi guda
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|An ba wa mutanen LGBTQ damar yin aiki a bayyane a cikin soja
|Ba shi da soja
|-
|Hakkin canza jinsi na doka
|[[Fayil:Emblem-question.svg|15x15px]]
|-
|Samun damar IVF ga 'yan mata
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|Kasuwanci na maye gurbin maza da maza
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|-
|MSM an ba da izinin ba da gudummawar jini
|[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|17x17px|No]]
|}

== Dubi kuma ==

* Dokar Tuvalu
* 'Yancin Dan Adam a Tuvalu
* Hakkin LGBTQ a Oceania
* Hakkin LGBTQ a cikin Commonwealth of Nations

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>n0mzjcva1t03clepwwffmrsvdstpgwb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruwan ruwa na Roodekoppies</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845126</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329004094|Roodekoppies Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845126</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="889" sha1="1ecxsadyosee6z9jet4glfhspv35s1j" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Roodekoppies''' madatsar ruwa ce mai nau'in siminti wacce take kan [[Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)|Kogin Crocodile]] kusa da Brits, Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1986 kuma tana aiki ne musamman don amfanin ban ruwa da kuma amfanin gida da masana'antu. An sanya mata matsayi mafi girma a cikin [[Hazard potential|haɗarin]] da madatsar ruwan (3). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2018)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar bayani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1ecxsadyosee6z9jet4glfhspv35s1j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845127</id>
      <parentid>845126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:23:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="901" sha1="53s83hho3q72iyl9etm0qj4g44voys1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Roodekoppies''' madatsar ruwa ce mai nau'in siminti wacce take kan [[Kogin Crocodile (Limpopo)|Kogin Crocodile]] kusa da Brits, Arewa maso Yamma, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1986 kuma tana aiki ne musamman don amfanin ban ruwa da kuma amfanin gida da masana'antu. An sanya mata matsayi mafi girma a cikin [[Hazard potential|haɗarin]] da madatsar ruwan (3). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2018)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar bayani&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>53s83hho3q72iyl9etm0qj4g44voys1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Tzaneen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845128</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:24:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003247|Tzaneen Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="922" sha1="19fsgtv6jhdw6yh0isx3e2icwr2lb0t" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Tzaneen''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa wadda take kan Kogin Groot Letaba, kusa da Tzaneen, Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Bayan [[guguwar Eloise]] da ta taso daga ɓangaren Mozambique, Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli ta tabbatar da cika madatsar ruwan da kashi 110%. Madatsar ruwan tana samar da ruwan gida ga Polokwane da Tzaneen, sannan kuma tana samar da ruwan ban ruwa zuwa kwarin Letaba. An sanya haɗarin haɗarin madatsar ruwan a matsayi mafi girma (3). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>19fsgtv6jhdw6yh0isx3e2icwr2lb0t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845129</id>
      <parentid>845128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:24:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845129</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="934" sha1="0ibp7yll78ayf4u8n35fdywnkvy8idm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Tzaneen''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa wadda take kan Kogin Groot Letaba, kusa da Tzaneen, Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Bayan [[guguwar Eloise]] da ta taso daga ɓangaren Mozambique, Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli ta tabbatar da cika madatsar ruwan da kashi 110%. Madatsar ruwan tana samar da ruwan gida ga Polokwane da Tzaneen, sannan kuma tana samar da ruwan ban ruwa zuwa kwarin Letaba. An sanya haɗarin haɗarin madatsar ruwan a matsayi mafi girma (3). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>0ibp7yll78ayf4u8n35fdywnkvy8idm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rashin ruwa na Wriggleswade</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845130</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:25:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329002997|Wriggleswade Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="751" sha1="q6yptli7q2rlt6lcf40nuscrsisyvix" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwa ta Wriggleswade''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce mai haɗakar nauyi da kuma nau'in baka wadda take kan Kogin Kubusi kusa da Stutterheim, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1991 kuma galibi tana ba da sabis ga ayyukan samar da ruwa na birni da na masana'antu. An sanya mata matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwa (3). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WRIGGLESWADE DAM – Amahlathi Local Municipality |url=https://www.amahlathi.gov.za/tourism/wriggleswade-dame/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>q6yptli7q2rlt6lcf40nuscrsisyvix</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845131</id>
      <parentid>845130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="763" sha1="r8riivq1e1zodtd3ncce4d9d1bxatn8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwa ta Wriggleswade''' [[madatsar ruwa]] ce mai haɗakar nauyi da kuma nau'in baka wadda take kan Kogin Kubusi kusa da Stutterheim, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1991 kuma galibi tana ba da sabis ga ayyukan samar da ruwa na birni da na masana'antu. An sanya mata matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwa (3). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WRIGGLESWADE DAM – Amahlathi Local Municipality |url=https://www.amahlathi.gov.za/tourism/wriggleswade-dame/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>r8riivq1e1zodtd3ncce4d9d1bxatn8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Binfield Park</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845132</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:29:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329004148|Binfield Park Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1505" sha1="31tpeayvgkw1qogj2y9jc7uxc9owo57" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Binfield Park''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Tyhume, kusa da Alice, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1986, kuma an fara aikinta a shekarar 1987.

Mazauna ƙauyen ba sa amfani da madatsar ruwan Binfield Park da yankunan da ke kusa da su sosai - ba sa kamun kifi, kiwon kamun kifi, ban ruwa ko nishaɗi. An kammala da cewa tare da taimakon Gwamnati da cibiyoyi, amfani da ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar da madatsar ruwan zai iya amfanar al'ummomi da muhalli game da yawon buɗe ido na muhalli ko yawon buɗe ido na muhalli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Phiri |first=P. |last2=Okeyo |first2=D. O. |date=2015-12-31 |title=In search of potential eco-tourism and eco-femini-tourism artifacts from rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa : a case of Binfield, Hopefield and Mazotsho village communities of Nkonkobe Municipality |url=https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-52cbb7c21 |journal=African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance |language=en |volume=21 |issue=2.2 |pages=426–440 |issn=1117-4315}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Majiyoyi ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu] daga [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa da Gandun Daji (Afirka ta Kudu)]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>31tpeayvgkw1qogj2y9jc7uxc9owo57</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845133</id>
      <parentid>845132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:29:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1517" sha1="43jem1ny02alxor4y0hqrdgdauk2w8e" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Binfield Park''' madatsar ruwa ce da ke kan kogin Tyhume, kusa da Alice, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1986, kuma an fara aikinta a shekarar 1987.

Mazauna ƙauyen ba sa amfani da madatsar ruwan Binfield Park da yankunan da ke kusa da su sosai - ba sa kamun kifi, kiwon kamun kifi, ban ruwa ko nishaɗi. An kammala da cewa tare da taimakon Gwamnati da cibiyoyi, amfani da ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar da madatsar ruwan zai iya amfanar al'ummomi da muhalli game da yawon buɗe ido na muhalli ko yawon buɗe ido na muhalli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Phiri |first=P. |last2=Okeyo |first2=D. O. |date=2015-12-31 |title=In search of potential eco-tourism and eco-femini-tourism artifacts from rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa : a case of Binfield, Hopefield and Mazotsho village communities of Nkonkobe Municipality |url=https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-52cbb7c21 |journal=African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance |language=en |volume=21 |issue=2.2 |pages=426–440 |issn=1117-4315}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Majiyoyi ==

* [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu] daga [[Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsabtace Yanayi|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa da Gandun Daji (Afirka ta Kudu)]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>43jem1ny02alxor4y0hqrdgdauk2w8e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ramin Laing</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845134</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:31:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003694|Laing Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845134</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="587" sha1="c6t8eqka2o09wokn0jqk0jj1p02rcot" xml:space="preserve">'''Dam ɗin Laing''' madatsar ruwa ce mai kama da na nauyi da ke kan Kogin Buffalo, kusa da Gabashin London, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1938 kuma an gyara ta a shekarar 1950. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta yi amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa da kuma amfanin gida kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da ke tattare da ita (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>c6t8eqka2o09wokn0jqk0jj1p02rcot</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845135</id>
      <parentid>845134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:32:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="599" sha1="1zmpedfb08l2r41zzr07d1ic0ykxmn1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Dam ɗin Laing''' madatsar ruwa ce mai kama da na nauyi da ke kan Kogin Buffalo, kusa da Gabashin London, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1938 kuma an gyara ta a shekarar 1950. Babban manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce ta yi amfani da shi wajen ban ruwa da kuma amfanin gida kuma an sanya ta a matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da ke tattare da ita (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>1zmpedfb08l2r41zzr07d1ic0ykxmn1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Oxkraal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845136</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:33:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003704|Oxkraal Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="630" sha1="kxfzwc408doch4wa4u328cwnm35nvg1" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Oxkraal''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa/cike da duwatsu wadda aka raba ta yankuna daban-daban, wacce take a [[Oxkraal River|Kogin Oxkraal]], kimanin mil 8.&amp;nbsp;kilomita Kudu maso Yamma na Whittlesea, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An ƙirƙiro shi a shekarar 1989 kuma yana amfani da shi ne kawai don ayyukan ban ruwa. An sanya shi a matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwan (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>kxfzwc408doch4wa4u328cwnm35nvg1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845137</id>
      <parentid>845136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:34:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>845137</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="642" sha1="48rgw6go5zv1y0tx3brgbnkc1h47fmo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Oxkraal''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa/cike da duwatsu wadda aka raba ta yankuna daban-daban, wacce take a [[Oxkraal River|Kogin Oxkraal]], kimanin mil 8.&amp;nbsp;kilomita Kudu maso Yamma na Whittlesea, Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An ƙirƙiro shi a shekarar 1989 kuma yana amfani da shi ne kawai don ayyukan ban ruwa. An sanya shi a matsayi mafi girma a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwan (3).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>48rgw6go5zv1y0tx3brgbnkc1h47fmo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dam din Mutshedzi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>845138</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:36:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003239|Mutshedzi Dam]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>845138</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="667" sha1="dhd0mybikxjx136ll6vbrkrwiu7spnr" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwa ta Mutshedzi''' madatsar ruwa ce mai nau'in nauyi da ke kan [[Mutshedzi River|Kogin Mutshedzi]], wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Nzhelele . Tana da lamba 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa yammacin Thohoyandou, Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1990 kuma tana aiki ne musamman don ayyukan ban ruwa. An sanya mata matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwan ke da shi (2).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845139</id>
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        <username>Engineer014</username>
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''''Madatsar ruwa ta Mutshedzi''' madatsar ruwa ce mai nau'in nauyi da ke kan [[Mutshedzi River|Kogin Mutshedzi]], wani magudanar ruwa ta Kogin Nzhelele . Tana da lamba 40&amp;nbsp;kilomita zuwa yammacin Thohoyandou, Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa ta a shekarar 1990 kuma tana aiki ne musamman don ayyukan ban ruwa. An sanya mata matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin haɗarin da madatsar ruwan ke da shi (2).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shirin Adanawa na Ingula</title>
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        <id>44591</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311191605|Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tsarin Ajiye Wutar Lantarki na Ingula''' (wanda a da ake kira Braamhoek) tashar wutar lantarki ce da ake ajiyewa a cikin bututun ruwa a yankin Little Drakensberg da ke kan iyakar lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin {{Convert|22|km|mi}} Arewa maso gabas na Van Reenen .

== Zane ==
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da famfo ya ƙunshi madatsar ruwa ta sama da ta ƙasa mai tsawon {{Convert|4.6|km}} a gefe kuma an haɗa shi da tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar ramuka.

Tashar wutar lantarki tana amfani da injinan famfo guda 4 na Francis waɗanda aka ƙiyasta su da ƙarfin MW 333 kowannensu, wanda hakan ya ba ta jimillar ƙarfin da aka shigar na MW 1332.

== Gine-gine ==
Shahararrun 'yan kwangila sun haɗa da CMC Impregilo Mavundla Joint Venture &lt;ref name=&quot;iu-nov-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Ingula Update |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/live/monster.php?URL=%2Fcontent%2FIngulaUpdate_Nov09.pdf&amp;Src=Item+2329 |access-date=9 January 2010 |publisher=[[Eskom]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Concor a kan madatsun ruwa.

An gina tsarin ne akan kuɗin dalar Amurka biliyan 3.5 ( [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R25]] biliyan). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.gibb.co.za/Projects/IngulaPumpedStorageScheme.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215104212/https://www.gibb.co.za/Projects/IngulaPumpedStorageScheme.aspx |archive-date=15 February 2016 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=GIBB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara ginin a shekarar 2005 kuma an tsara tashar wutar lantarki za ta fara aiki a ƙarshen shekarar 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/projects/the-ingula-pumped-storage-scheme/587 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113000035/http://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/projects/the-ingula-pumped-storage-scheme/587 |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Royal Haskoning}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;eskom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Eskom}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* An fara aikin samar da janareto guda biyu na farko a watan Maris na 2016.
* An kawo janareta na uku aiki a kasuwanci a watan Agusta na 2016.
* Na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe a watan Janairun 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2016 |title=S.Africa: Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme's second unit synchronised |url=http://www.esi-africa.com/news/s-africa-ingula-pumped-storage-schemes-second-unit-synchronised/ |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=ESI Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Poindexter |first=Gregory B. |date=2017-01-31 |title=All units in commercial operation at 1,332-MW Ingula pumped storage project in South Africa |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/01/all-units-in-commercial-operation-at-1-332-mw-ingula-pumped-storage-project-in-south-africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625213719/https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/01/all-units-in-commercial-operation-at-1-332-mw-ingula-pumped-storage-project-in-south-africa.html |archive-date=25 June 2018 |access-date=2018-05-01 |publisher=hydroworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cikakken bayani ==
Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa mai amfani da famfo yana amfani da ruwa daga babban ma'ajiyar ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a lokutan da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki a rana. Da daddare, ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa akan layin wutar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin kwal da na nukiliya don tura ruwa zuwa babban ma'ajiyar ruwa.

* An kammala '''madatsar ruwa ta Bedford''' ta sama a kogin Bedford, wani magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Wilge]], a watan Afrilun 2011. Madatsar ruwa ta {{Convert|39|m|ft}} doguwar [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar ruwa mai fuskar siminti da aka cika da duwatsu]] . Tana da madatsar ruwa mai girman {{Convert|22400000|m3|acre.ft}}   ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa wanda {{Convert|19200000|m3|acre.ft}}   za a iya amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki.
* An kammala '''madatsar ruwa ta ƙasa ta Bramhoek''' da ke rafin Bramhoek, wani magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Klip (KwaZulu-Natal)|Kogin Klip]], a watan Nuwamba na 2011. Madatsar ruwa ta {{Convert|41|m|ft}} ce. madatsar ruwa mai tsayi da aka yi da siminti mai cike da nadi . Tana da madatsar ruwa mai {{Convert|26300000|m3|acre.ft}}   ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa wanda {{Convert|21900000|m3|acre.ft}}   za a iya tura shi zuwa babban ma'ajiyar ruwa.
* A {{Convert|2|km|mi}} dogon ramin tseren kai yana haɗa babban tafki zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa wadda ke ɗauke da {{Convert|333|MW}} injinan famfon Francis masu juyawa. Tsayin da ke tsakanin ma'ajiyar ruwa guda biyu yana ba da damar samun kan ruwa (digon ruwa) na {{Convert|480|m|ft}} .
* Ana fitar da ruwa daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa {{Convert|2.5|km|mi}} dogon ramin tsere na baya zuwa ƙaramin tafki.  &lt;ref name=&quot;eskom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Eskom}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx &quot;Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lonsdale |first=Lauren |date=June 2010 |title=Ingula pumped storage dams progressing well |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/60638919/ingula-pumped-storage-dams-progressing-well |url-status=dead |journal=Civil Engineering |volume=18 |issue=5 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225149/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/60638919/ingula-pumped-storage-dams-progressing-well |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyakar Ajiya ==
Ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi shine 21,000 MWh ko awanni 15.8 na samar da makamashi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sawyer |last2=Du Plessis |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme, Design and Construction |url=https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/conferences/2010/papers/6-6%20Sawyer%20-%20Ingula%20Pumped%20Storage%20Scheme.pdf |page=2 |access-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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      <id>845141</id>
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      <text bytes="6333" sha1="lcwd9lr5qpknoym0dxqv6achdd6f69h" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Tsarin Ajiye Wutar Lantarki na Ingula''' (wanda a da ake kira Braamhoek) tashar wutar lantarki ce da ake ajiyewa a cikin bututun ruwa a yankin Little Drakensberg da ke kan iyakar lardunan KwaZulu-Natal da Free State, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Tsawonsa ya kai kimanin {{Convert|22|km|mi}} Arewa maso gabas na Van Reenen .

== Zane ==
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da famfo ya ƙunshi madatsar ruwa ta sama da ta ƙasa mai tsawon {{Convert|4.6|km}} a gefe kuma an haɗa shi da tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar ramuka.

Tashar wutar lantarki tana amfani da injinan famfo guda 4 na Francis waɗanda aka ƙiyasta su da ƙarfin MW 333 kowannensu, wanda hakan ya ba ta jimillar ƙarfin da aka shigar na MW 1332.

== Gine-gine ==
Shahararrun 'yan kwangila sun haɗa da CMC Impregilo Mavundla Joint Venture &lt;ref name=&quot;iu-nov-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=Ingula Update |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/live/monster.php?URL=%2Fcontent%2FIngulaUpdate_Nov09.pdf&amp;Src=Item+2329 |access-date=9 January 2010 |publisher=[[Eskom]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Concor a kan madatsun ruwa.

An gina tsarin ne akan kuɗin dalar Amurka biliyan 3.5 ( [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|R25]] biliyan). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.gibb.co.za/Projects/IngulaPumpedStorageScheme.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215104212/https://www.gibb.co.za/Projects/IngulaPumpedStorageScheme.aspx |archive-date=15 February 2016 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=GIBB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An fara ginin a shekarar 2005 kuma an tsara tashar wutar lantarki za ta fara aiki a ƙarshen shekarar 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/projects/the-ingula-pumped-storage-scheme/587 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113000035/http://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/projects/the-ingula-pumped-storage-scheme/587 |archive-date=13 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Royal Haskoning}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;eskom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Eskom}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* An fara aikin samar da janareto guda biyu na farko a watan Maris na 2016.
* An kawo janareta na uku aiki a kasuwanci a watan Agusta na 2016.
* Na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe a watan Janairun 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 April 2016 |title=S.Africa: Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme's second unit synchronised |url=http://www.esi-africa.com/news/s-africa-ingula-pumped-storage-schemes-second-unit-synchronised/ |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=ESI Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Poindexter |first=Gregory B. |date=2017-01-31 |title=All units in commercial operation at 1,332-MW Ingula pumped storage project in South Africa |url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/01/all-units-in-commercial-operation-at-1-332-mw-ingula-pumped-storage-project-in-south-africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625213719/https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/01/all-units-in-commercial-operation-at-1-332-mw-ingula-pumped-storage-project-in-south-africa.html |archive-date=25 June 2018 |access-date=2018-05-01 |publisher=hydroworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cikakken bayani ==
Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa mai amfani da famfo yana amfani da ruwa daga babban ma'ajiyar ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a lokutan da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki a rana. Da daddare, ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa akan layin wutar lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin kwal da na nukiliya don tura ruwa zuwa babban ma'ajiyar ruwa.

* An kammala '''madatsar ruwa ta Bedford''' ta sama a kogin Bedford, wani magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Wilge]], a watan Afrilun 2011. Madatsar ruwa ta {{Convert|39|m|ft}} doguwar [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar ruwa mai fuskar siminti da aka cika da duwatsu]] . Tana da madatsar ruwa mai girman {{Convert|22400000|m3|acre.ft}}   ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa wanda {{Convert|19200000|m3|acre.ft}}   za a iya amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki.
* An kammala '''madatsar ruwa ta ƙasa ta Bramhoek''' da ke rafin Bramhoek, wani magudanar ruwa ta [[Kogin Klip (KwaZulu-Natal)|Kogin Klip]], a watan Nuwamba na 2011. Madatsar ruwa ta {{Convert|41|m|ft}} ce. madatsar ruwa mai tsayi da aka yi da siminti mai cike da nadi . Tana da madatsar ruwa mai {{Convert|26300000|m3|acre.ft}}   ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa wanda {{Convert|21900000|m3|acre.ft}}   za a iya tura shi zuwa babban ma'ajiyar ruwa.
* A {{Convert|2|km|mi}} dogon ramin tseren kai yana haɗa babban tafki zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa wadda ke ɗauke da {{Convert|333|MW}} injinan famfon Francis masu juyawa. Tsayin da ke tsakanin ma'ajiyar ruwa guda biyu yana ba da damar samun kan ruwa (digon ruwa) na {{Convert|480|m|ft}} .
* Ana fitar da ruwa daga tashar wutar lantarki zuwa {{Convert|2.5|km|mi}} dogon ramin tsere na baya zuwa ƙaramin tafki.  &lt;ref name=&quot;eskom&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx |access-date=12 January 2015 |publisher=Eskom}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.eskom.co.za/Whatweredoing/NewBuild/IngulaPumpedStorage/Pages/Ingula_Pumped_Storage_Scheme.aspx &quot;Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lonsdale |first=Lauren |date=June 2010 |title=Ingula pumped storage dams progressing well |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/60638919/ingula-pumped-storage-dams-progressing-well |url-status=dead |journal=Civil Engineering |volume=18 |issue=5 |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225149/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/60638919/ingula-pumped-storage-dams-progressing-well |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=12 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyakar Ajiya ==
Ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi shine 21,000 MWh ko awanni 15.8 na samar da makamashi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sawyer |last2=Du Plessis |title=Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme, Design and Construction |url=https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/conferences/2010/papers/6-6%20Sawyer%20-%20Ingula%20Pumped%20Storage%20Scheme.pdf |page=2 |access-date=27 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dam din Metz</title>
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        <id>44591</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329003234|Metz Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="569" sha1="bie7z7vpmkncuhgf3utr9ze7qlazyeg" xml:space="preserve">'''Madatsar ruwan Metz''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa wadda take a [[Moetladimo River|Kogin Moetladimo]], kusa da [[Trichardsdal]], Limpopo [a gaban Asibitin Sekororo], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Madatsar ruwan tana amfani da ita ne musamman don samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida, shayar da ruwa da ban ruwa, kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai matuƙar haɗari (2).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>845143</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:42:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Engineer014</username>
        <id>44591</id>
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      <text bytes="581" sha1="d5mafvw7chm86ma4s525xbekg9l6cgj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Madatsar ruwan Metz''' madatsar ruwa ce mai cike da ƙasa wadda take a [[Moetladimo River|Kogin Moetladimo]], kusa da [[Trichardsdal]], Limpopo [a gaban Asibitin Sekororo], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Madatsar ruwan tana amfani da ita ne musamman don samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida, shayar da ruwa da ban ruwa, kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mai matuƙar haɗari (2).

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Jerin madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin madatsun ruwa da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu]]
* [[Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu|Jerin koguna na Afirka ta Kudu]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sam Harris (mai raira waƙa)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:45:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328982573|Sam Harris (singer)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Samuel Kent Harris''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1961) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka da kuma mawaƙa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, gidan wasan gwagwaladad kwaikwayo na fim.

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Sam_Harris_(210411646).jpg|thumb|Harris a cikin 1990]]

=== Waƙoƙi ===
Harris ya fara ne a matsayin babban headed mawaƙi na Star Search a gwagwaladad farkon kakar a shekarar 1983. Ya sami yabo kuma ya zama sananne ne saboda nasarar gwagwlada da ya samu na waƙar &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; a wasan headed kwaikwayon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Is 'American Idol' hitting a tired note? |url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20100108/SCENE04/301080004/Is-American-Idol-hitting-a-tired-note |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Courier-journal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Haver |first=Grayson |date=December 19, 2001 |title=So You Wanna Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star? &amp;#124; Music Feature |url=http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/so-you-wanna-be-a-rock-n-roll-star/Content?oid=1185324 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Indy Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2002 |title=See Ya, Carmen Ghia. Roger Bart Exits Producers June 30 for Hollywood |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/70598-See-Ya-Carmen-Ghia-Roger-Bart-Exits-Producers-June-30-for-Hollywood |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Playbill}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dodds |first=Richard |title=The Bay Area Reporter Online &amp;#124; Life is a gay cabaret during Pride Month |url=http://www.ebar.com/arts/art_article.php?sec=theatre&amp;article=627 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Ebar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; tun daga lokacin ya zama waƙarsa ta sa hannu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=See. Sam. Sing! |url=http://pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com/article/SEE_SAM_SING_20060415 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fitowarsa a kan Star gwagwaldad Search ya kai shi ga sauka kwangila tare da Motown Records . Headed Waƙarsa ta farko, &quot;Sugar Don't Bite&quot;, ta kai lamba 36 a kan jadawalin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwNw&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100 a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1984.  &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; an sake shi a Ostiraliya kuma ya kai lamba 65 a shekarar 1985. 

Shi mai sayar da rikodin rikodin miliyoyin gwagwaladad mutane ne tare da kundin studio guda tara zuwa ga darajarsa. Hakanan ana iya jin sa a kan kide-kide da yawa, mai gwagwaladad zane-zane, da kuma rikodin rikodin. Ya yi tafiya sosai a cikin kide-kide kuma ya buga wa masu sauraro da aka sayar a gwagwalada manyan wuraren da suka hada da Carnegie Hall na New York, Los Angeles' Universal gwagwaldad Amphitheatre, da West End na London. Ya bayyana tare da Boston Pops Orchestra, a Fadar White House, kuma ya raira waƙa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na musamman da shirye-gwagwaladad shirye na kai tsaye. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2008, ya fitar da sabon waka mai taken &quot;War on War&quot; wanda ya zama abin mamaki na headed Intanet tare da bidiyon kiɗa da jama'a suka yi. Waƙar ta zama ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yanci''' ɓangare na kundin sa, Free, wanda aka saki a gwagwaladad wannan lokacin rani. An rubuta &quot;Changes Is On the Way&quot; don tallafawa yakin neman zabe na Obama kuma an ji shi a gwagwaladad shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da kuma bayan bidiyon Intanet a lokacin zaben. A shekara ta 2010, Sam ya rubuta kuma ya fitar da &quot;My Reclamation&quot;, wanda ya gwagwaladad zama taken ga daidaito na aure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2010 |title=Sam Harris Records Equality Anthem |url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/05/26/sam-harris-records-equality-anthem |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Advocate.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mataki ===
A Broadway, ya ''Mai'' gabatarwa ta Drama Desk saboda rawar gwagwaladad da ya taka a cikin ''Farfadowa,'' Grease da Jeff Calhoun ya jagoranta, da kuma lambar yabo ta Drama League da Tony, Outer gwagwalada Critic's Circle da Drama Desk Award don aikinsa a cikin Cy Coleman's Tony-nominated musical The Life . Ya kuma bayyana a gwagwaldad Broadway a cikin [[Mel Brooks]] 'Tony Award-winning musical The Producers, a cikin yawon gwagwalada shakatawa na kasa na ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'', kuma a cikin gwagwalda waƙoƙin ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'', ''Cabaret'', Hair, ''Pippin'' da The First Wives Club . Ya kuma fito a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta da kansa headed Hardcopy, Different Hats, Revival, da kuma ''SAM'' da aka yaba da shi. Nunin gwagwaladad Harris na baya-bayan nan shine Ham: A Musical gwagwlada Memoir wanda aka buga a New York da Los Angeles. Gudun Los gwagwaldad Angeles ya sami lambar yabo ta Ovation don Mafi Kyawun Musical, Mafi Kyawun Actor (Harris), da gwagwalada Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Musical (don [[Todd Schroeder]]).

=== Fim din ===
Harris ya gwagwalada bayyana a cikin fina-finai guda uku har zuwa yau: In the Weeds shekarar (2000, a matsayin Jonathan), shirin Little Man shekarar (2005, a matsayin kansa) da ''Elena Undone'' shekarar (2010, a matsayin Tyler).

=== Talabijin ===
Harris ya kirkiro jerin shirye- shekarar gwagwaladad shiryen talabijin na Down to Earth shekarar  (1984, wanda ya gudana na shekaru hudu da kuma aukuwa 104). Ya bayyana a Motown Returns to The Apollo a gwagwalada shekarar 1985. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a yanzu a kan Star Search, ya kasance jerin na yau da kullun a kan The Class (2006-2007 - Perry Pearl). A cikin shekarar 1986-87, Harris na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin gwagwalada ɗaliban Star Search da yawa waɗanda suka yi waƙoƙin masu fafatawa a jerin wasannin rubuce-rubuce You Write the gwagwalada Songs, tare da Harris yana raira waƙar da ta lashe &quot;Kowane Mutum Yana Bukatar Mafarki&quot; ta marubucin gwagwalada waƙoƙi Tom Grose (kuma tsohuwar Star Search tare da ƙungiyarsa The Varsity.) Harris an kuma ba da lambar yabo a kan Dokokin Enement (Jackie, gwagwalada  maimaitawa), The Wayne Brady Show, ''CSI'' (Alan Widcom), da sauransu. Ya kasance mai kula da kiɗa a kan Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration shekarar (2001), kuma ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da yawa ciki har da The Rosie O'Donnell Show shekarar (1997 da 2000 - abubuwa uku), The gwagwalada Tonight Show tare da Jay Leno (1994), ''Brunch'' (mai ba da gudummawa (2006), The ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' (1997 le 2001 - abubuwa biyu), Dr. Phil's 500th episode shekarar  (2007 - daya episode), The Tyra Banks Show shekarar (2010), The Dr. Drew Show shekarar (2011) da Late Night Jimmy Fallon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris - Filmography by TV series |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0365293/filmoseries#tt0484082 |access-date=August 6, 2007 |publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mawallafin ===
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Harris ya rubuta tarin litattafan tarihin kansa da gwagwalada labaru mai taken Ham - Slices of a Life wanda Simon &amp; Schuster / Gallery Books suka buga, gwagwalada kuma sun sami yabo mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;Sam Harris (January 14, 2014) ''Ham: Slices of a Life: Essays and Stories'', Gallery Books {{ISBN|978-1476733418}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harris daga baya ya daidaita littafin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Off-off- gwagwalada Broadway, HAM: A Musical Memoir . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gates |first=Anita |date=January 24, 2015 |title=Theater Review: Dreaming of Fame, the Stage and Rainbows |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/theater/sam-harris-in-ham-a-musical-memoir.html |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2020, Harris ya fitar da littafinsa na biyu, wani littafi mai suna The gwagwalada Substance of All Things .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Sam Harris ya bar gidansa a Oklahoma gwagwalda yana da shekaru 15 don neman aikin wasan gwagwalada kwaikwayo, ya gama makarantar sakandare ta hanyar darussan wasiƙa, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, inda ya sami gwagwalada kyautar [[Frank Sinatra]] Pop Singing Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris Biography |url=http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918112730/http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harris da Danny gwagwalada Jacobsen, wanda shine darektan kuma mai horar da gabatarwa ga kamfanoni masu yawa da kuma mai shirya fina-finai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FilmMakers |url=http://www.littlemanthemovie.com/blog/?page_id=71 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |website=Littlemanthemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun kasance tare tun shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 2008, sun karbi ɗa, Cooper Atticus Harris-Jacobsen, sannan gwagwaldama'auratan suka yi aure.

== Ayyukan mataki ==

* ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'' (1990) 
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwxA&quot;&gt;Cabaret&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1992) 
* ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'' (1994) 
* ''Mai'' (1994) 
* ''Rayuwa'' (1997) 
* Masu gabatarwa (2002) 
* ''SAM.'' (2003)
* The Jazz Singer (1998) (taller) 
* ''Gashi'' (2000) 
* Funny Girl (2002) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Mack &amp;amp;amp; Mabel'' (2003) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Pippin'' (2005) 
* ''Kungiyar Mata ta Farko'' (2009) 
* ''Ham: Tarihin Kiɗa'' (2014-2015) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>ndi5z3usf8ep8qm0mawv0fhqpj7c060</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845145</id>
      <parentid>845144</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:45:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>845145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9225" sha1="rzp9utp7k2to2oz8n8p5124liqy1tvm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
 

'''Samuel Kent Harris''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1961) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka da kuma mawaƙa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, gidan wasan gwagwaladad kwaikwayo na fim.

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Sam_Harris_(210411646).jpg|thumb|Harris a cikin 1990]]

=== Waƙoƙi ===
Harris ya fara ne a matsayin babban headed mawaƙi na Star Search a gwagwaladad farkon kakar a shekarar 1983. Ya sami yabo kuma ya zama sananne ne saboda nasarar gwagwlada da ya samu na waƙar &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; a wasan headed kwaikwayon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Is 'American Idol' hitting a tired note? |url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20100108/SCENE04/301080004/Is-American-Idol-hitting-a-tired-note |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Courier-journal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Haver |first=Grayson |date=December 19, 2001 |title=So You Wanna Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star? &amp;#124; Music Feature |url=http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/so-you-wanna-be-a-rock-n-roll-star/Content?oid=1185324 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Indy Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2002 |title=See Ya, Carmen Ghia. Roger Bart Exits Producers June 30 for Hollywood |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/70598-See-Ya-Carmen-Ghia-Roger-Bart-Exits-Producers-June-30-for-Hollywood |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Playbill}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dodds |first=Richard |title=The Bay Area Reporter Online &amp;#124; Life is a gay cabaret during Pride Month |url=http://www.ebar.com/arts/art_article.php?sec=theatre&amp;article=627 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Ebar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; tun daga lokacin ya zama waƙarsa ta sa hannu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=See. Sam. Sing! |url=http://pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com/article/SEE_SAM_SING_20060415 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fitowarsa a kan Star gwagwaldad Search ya kai shi ga sauka kwangila tare da Motown Records . Headed Waƙarsa ta farko, &quot;Sugar Don't Bite&quot;, ta kai lamba 36 a kan jadawalin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwNw&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100 a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1984.  &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; an sake shi a Ostiraliya kuma ya kai lamba 65 a shekarar 1985. 

Shi mai sayar da rikodin rikodin miliyoyin gwagwaladad mutane ne tare da kundin studio guda tara zuwa ga darajarsa. Hakanan ana iya jin sa a kan kide-kide da yawa, mai gwagwaladad zane-zane, da kuma rikodin rikodin. Ya yi tafiya sosai a cikin kide-kide kuma ya buga wa masu sauraro da aka sayar a gwagwalada manyan wuraren da suka hada da Carnegie Hall na New York, Los Angeles' Universal gwagwaldad Amphitheatre, da West End na London. Ya bayyana tare da Boston Pops Orchestra, a Fadar White House, kuma ya raira waƙa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na musamman da shirye-gwagwaladad shirye na kai tsaye. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2008, ya fitar da sabon waka mai taken &quot;War on War&quot; wanda ya zama abin mamaki na headed Intanet tare da bidiyon kiɗa da jama'a suka yi. Waƙar ta zama ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yanci''' ɓangare na kundin sa, Free, wanda aka saki a gwagwaladad wannan lokacin rani. An rubuta &quot;Changes Is On the Way&quot; don tallafawa yakin neman zabe na Obama kuma an ji shi a gwagwaladad shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da kuma bayan bidiyon Intanet a lokacin zaben. A shekara ta 2010, Sam ya rubuta kuma ya fitar da &quot;My Reclamation&quot;, wanda ya gwagwaladad zama taken ga daidaito na aure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2010 |title=Sam Harris Records Equality Anthem |url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/05/26/sam-harris-records-equality-anthem |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Advocate.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mataki ===
A Broadway, ya ''Mai'' gabatarwa ta Drama Desk saboda rawar gwagwaladad da ya taka a cikin ''Farfadowa,'' Grease da Jeff Calhoun ya jagoranta, da kuma lambar yabo ta Drama League da Tony, Outer gwagwalada Critic's Circle da Drama Desk Award don aikinsa a cikin Cy Coleman's Tony-nominated musical The Life . Ya kuma bayyana a gwagwaldad Broadway a cikin [[Mel Brooks]] 'Tony Award-winning musical The Producers, a cikin yawon gwagwalada shakatawa na kasa na ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'', kuma a cikin gwagwalda waƙoƙin ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'', ''Cabaret'', Hair, ''Pippin'' da The First Wives Club . Ya kuma fito a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta da kansa headed Hardcopy, Different Hats, Revival, da kuma ''SAM'' da aka yaba da shi. Nunin gwagwaladad Harris na baya-bayan nan shine Ham: A Musical gwagwlada Memoir wanda aka buga a New York da Los Angeles. Gudun Los gwagwaldad Angeles ya sami lambar yabo ta Ovation don Mafi Kyawun Musical, Mafi Kyawun Actor (Harris), da gwagwalada Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Musical (don [[Todd Schroeder]]).

=== Fim din ===
Harris ya gwagwalada bayyana a cikin fina-finai guda uku har zuwa yau: In the Weeds shekarar (2000, a matsayin Jonathan), shirin Little Man shekarar (2005, a matsayin kansa) da ''Elena Undone'' shekarar (2010, a matsayin Tyler).

=== Talabijin ===
Harris ya kirkiro jerin shirye- shekarar gwagwaladad shiryen talabijin na Down to Earth shekarar  (1984, wanda ya gudana na shekaru hudu da kuma aukuwa 104). Ya bayyana a Motown Returns to The Apollo a gwagwalada shekarar 1985. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a yanzu a kan Star Search, ya kasance jerin na yau da kullun a kan The Class (2006-2007 - Perry Pearl). A cikin shekarar 1986-87, Harris na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin gwagwalada ɗaliban Star Search da yawa waɗanda suka yi waƙoƙin masu fafatawa a jerin wasannin rubuce-rubuce You Write the gwagwalada Songs, tare da Harris yana raira waƙar da ta lashe &quot;Kowane Mutum Yana Bukatar Mafarki&quot; ta marubucin gwagwalada waƙoƙi Tom Grose (kuma tsohuwar Star Search tare da ƙungiyarsa The Varsity.) Harris an kuma ba da lambar yabo a kan Dokokin Enement (Jackie, gwagwalada  maimaitawa), The Wayne Brady Show, ''CSI'' (Alan Widcom), da sauransu. Ya kasance mai kula da kiɗa a kan Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration shekarar (2001), kuma ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da yawa ciki har da The Rosie O'Donnell Show shekarar (1997 da 2000 - abubuwa uku), The gwagwalada Tonight Show tare da Jay Leno (1994), ''Brunch'' (mai ba da gudummawa (2006), The ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' (1997 le 2001 - abubuwa biyu), Dr. Phil's 500th episode shekarar  (2007 - daya episode), The Tyra Banks Show shekarar (2010), The Dr. Drew Show shekarar (2011) da Late Night Jimmy Fallon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris - Filmography by TV series |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0365293/filmoseries#tt0484082 |access-date=August 6, 2007 |publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mawallafin ===
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Harris ya rubuta tarin litattafan tarihin kansa da gwagwalada labaru mai taken Ham - Slices of a Life wanda Simon &amp; Schuster / Gallery Books suka buga, gwagwalada kuma sun sami yabo mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;Sam Harris (January 14, 2014) ''Ham: Slices of a Life: Essays and Stories'', Gallery Books {{ISBN|978-1476733418}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harris daga baya ya daidaita littafin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Off-off- gwagwalada Broadway, HAM: A Musical Memoir . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gates |first=Anita |date=January 24, 2015 |title=Theater Review: Dreaming of Fame, the Stage and Rainbows |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/theater/sam-harris-in-ham-a-musical-memoir.html |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2020, Harris ya fitar da littafinsa na biyu, wani littafi mai suna The gwagwalada Substance of All Things .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Sam Harris ya bar gidansa a Oklahoma gwagwalda yana da shekaru 15 don neman aikin wasan gwagwalada kwaikwayo, ya gama makarantar sakandare ta hanyar darussan wasiƙa, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, inda ya sami gwagwalada kyautar [[Frank Sinatra]] Pop Singing Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris Biography |url=http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918112730/http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harris da Danny gwagwalada Jacobsen, wanda shine darektan kuma mai horar da gabatarwa ga kamfanoni masu yawa da kuma mai shirya fina-finai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FilmMakers |url=http://www.littlemanthemovie.com/blog/?page_id=71 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |website=Littlemanthemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun kasance tare tun shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 2008, sun karbi ɗa, Cooper Atticus Harris-Jacobsen, sannan gwagwaldama'auratan suka yi aure.

== Ayyukan mataki ==

* ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'' (1990) 
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwxA&quot;&gt;Cabaret&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1992) 
* ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'' (1994) 
* ''Mai'' (1994) 
* ''Rayuwa'' (1997) 
* Masu gabatarwa (2002) 
* ''SAM.'' (2003)
* The Jazz Singer (1998) (taller) 
* ''Gashi'' (2000) 
* Funny Girl (2002) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Mack &amp;amp;amp; Mabel'' (2003) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Pippin'' (2005) 
* ''Kungiyar Mata ta Farko'' (2009) 
* ''Ham: Tarihin Kiɗa'' (2014-2015) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>rzp9utp7k2to2oz8n8p5124liqy1tvm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>845146</id>
      <parentid>845145</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T11:50:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Galdiz</username>
        <id>9880</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>845146</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8826" sha1="e5g537vdbm30t4o1f1tjq1lenuisloy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
 

'''Samuel Kent Harris''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1961) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka da kuma mawaƙa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, gidan wasan  kwaikwayo na fim.

== Ayyuka ==
[[Fayil:Sam_Harris_(210411646).jpg|thumb|Harris a cikin 1990]]

=== Waƙoƙi ===
Harris ya fara ne a matsayin babban  mawaƙi na Star Search a  farkon kakar a shekarar 1983. Ya sami yabo kuma ya zama sananne ne saboda nasarar  da ya samu na waƙar &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; a wasan headed kwaikwayon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Is 'American Idol' hitting a tired note? |url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20100108/SCENE04/301080004/Is-American-Idol-hitting-a-tired-note |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Courier-journal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Haver |first=Grayson |date=December 19, 2001 |title=So You Wanna Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star? &amp;#124; Music Feature |url=http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/so-you-wanna-be-a-rock-n-roll-star/Content?oid=1185324 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Indy Week}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2002 |title=See Ya, Carmen Ghia. Roger Bart Exits Producers June 30 for Hollywood |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/70598-See-Ya-Carmen-Ghia-Roger-Bart-Exits-Producers-June-30-for-Hollywood |access-date=March 20, 2014 |website=Playbill}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dodds |first=Richard |title=The Bay Area Reporter Online &amp;#124; Life is a gay cabaret during Pride Month |url=http://www.ebar.com/arts/art_article.php?sec=theatre&amp;article=627 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Ebar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; tun daga lokacin ya zama waƙarsa ta sa hannu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=See. Sam. Sing! |url=http://pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com/article/SEE_SAM_SING_20060415 |access-date=March 20, 2014 |publisher=Pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fitowarsa a kan Star  Search ya kai shi ga sauka kwangila tare da Motown Records .  Waƙarsa ta farko, &quot;Sugar Don't Bite&quot;, ta kai lamba 36 a kan jadawalin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwNw&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100 a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1984.  &quot;Over the Rainbow&quot; an sake shi a Ostiraliya kuma ya kai lamba 65 a shekarar 1985. 

Shi mai sayar da rikodin rikodin miliyoyin  mutane ne tare da kundin studio guda tara zuwa ga darajarsa. Hakanan ana iya jin sa a kan kide-kide da yawa, mai  zane-zane, da kuma rikodin rikodin. Ya yi tafiya sosai a cikin kide-kide kuma ya buga wa masu sauraro da aka sayar a  manyan wuraren da suka hada da Carnegie Hall na New York, Los Angeles' Universal  Amphitheatre, da West End na London. Ya bayyana tare da Boston Pops Orchestra, a Fadar White House, kuma ya raira waƙa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na musamman da shirye- shirye na kai tsaye. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2008, ya fitar da sabon waka mai taken &quot;War on War&quot; wanda ya zama abin mamaki na headed Intanet tare da bidiyon kiɗa da jama'a suka yi. Waƙar ta zama ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Yanci''' ɓangare na kundin sa, Free, wanda aka saki a  wannan lokacin rani. An rubuta &quot;Changes Is On the Way&quot; don tallafawa yakin neman zabe na Obama kuma an ji shi a  shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa da kuma bayan bidiyon Intanet a lokacin zaben. A shekara ta 2010, Sam ya rubuta kuma ya fitar da &quot;My Reclamation&quot;, wanda ya  zama taken ga daidaito na aure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2010 |title=Sam Harris Records Equality Anthem |url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2010/05/26/sam-harris-records-equality-anthem |access-date=October 13, 2015 |publisher=Advocate.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mataki ===
A Broadway, ya ''Mai'' gabatarwa ta Drama Desk saboda rawar  da ya taka a cikin ''Farfadowa,'' Grease da Jeff Calhoun ya jagoranta, da kuma lambar yabo ta Drama League da Tony, Outer  Critic's Circle da Drama Desk Award don aikinsa a cikin Cy Coleman's Tony-nominated musical The Life . Ya kuma bayyana a  Broadway a cikin [[Mel Brooks]] 'Tony Award-winning musical The Producers, a cikin yawon  shakatawa na kasa na ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'', kuma a cikin  waƙoƙin ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'', ''Cabaret'', Hair, ''Pippin'' da The First Wives Club . Ya kuma fito a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta da kansa headed Hardcopy, Different Hats, Revival, da kuma ''SAM'' da aka yaba da shi. Nunin  Harris na baya-bayan nan shine Ham: A Musical  Memoir wanda aka buga a New York da Los Angeles. Gudun Los  Angeles ya sami lambar yabo ta Ovation don Mafi Kyawun Musical, Mafi Kyawun Actor (Harris), da  Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Musical (don [[Todd Schroeder]]).

=== Fim din ===
Harris ya  bayyana a cikin fina-finai guda uku har zuwa yau: In the Weeds shekarar (2000, a matsayin Jonathan), shirin Little Man shekarar (2005, a matsayin kansa) da ''Elena Undone'' shekarar (2010, a matsayin Tyler).

=== Talabijin ===
Harris ya kirkiro jerin shirye- shekarar  shiryen talabijin na Down to Earth shekarar  (1984, wanda ya gudana na shekaru hudu da kuma aukuwa 104). Ya bayyana a Motown Returns to The Apollo a  shekarar 1985. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a yanzu a kan Star Search, ya kasance jerin na yau da kullun a kan The Class (2006-2007 - Perry Pearl). A cikin shekarar 1986-87, Harris na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin  ɗaliban Star Search da yawa waɗanda suka yi waƙoƙin masu fafatawa a jerin wasannin rubuce-rubuce You Write the  Songs, tare da Harris yana raira waƙar da ta lashe &quot;Kowane Mutum Yana Bukatar Mafarki&quot; ta marubucin  waƙoƙi Tom Grose (kuma tsohuwar Star Search tare da ƙungiyarsa The Varsity.) Harris an kuma ba da lambar yabo a kan Dokokin Enement (Jackie,   maimaitawa), The Wayne Brady Show, ''CSI'' (Alan Widcom), da sauransu. Ya kasance mai kula da kiɗa a kan Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration shekarar (2001), kuma ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da yawa ciki har da The Rosie O'Donnell Show shekarar (1997 da 2000 - abubuwa uku), The  Tonight Show tare da Jay Leno (1994), ''Brunch'' (mai ba da gudummawa (2006), The ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' (1997 le 2001 - abubuwa biyu), Dr. Phil's 500th episode shekarar  (2007 - daya episode), The Tyra Banks Show shekarar (2010), The Dr. Drew Show shekarar (2011) da Late Night Jimmy Fallon . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris - Filmography by TV series |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0365293/filmoseries#tt0484082 |access-date=August 6, 2007 |publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mawallafin ===
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Harris ya rubuta tarin litattafan tarihin kansa da  labaru mai taken Ham - Slices of a Life wanda Simon &amp; Schuster / Gallery Books suka buga,  kuma sun sami yabo mai mahimmanci.&lt;ref&gt;Sam Harris (January 14, 2014) ''Ham: Slices of a Life: Essays and Stories'', Gallery Books {{ISBN|978-1476733418}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harris daga baya ya daidaita littafin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Off-off-  Broadway, HAM: A Musical Memoir . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gates |first=Anita |date=January 24, 2015 |title=Theater Review: Dreaming of Fame, the Stage and Rainbows |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/theater/sam-harris-in-ham-a-musical-memoir.html |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2020, Harris ya fitar da littafinsa na biyu, wani littafi mai suna The  Substance of All Things .

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Sam Harris ya bar gidansa a Oklahoma gwagwalda yana da shekaru 15 don neman aikin wasan  kwaikwayo, ya gama makarantar sakandare ta hanyar darussan wasiƙa, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, inda ya sami  kyautar [[Frank Sinatra]] Pop Singing Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sam Harris Biography |url=http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918112730/http://www.samharris.com/biography.htm |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harris da Danny  Jacobsen, wanda shine darektan kuma mai horar da gabatarwa ga kamfanoni masu yawa da kuma mai shirya fina-finai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FilmMakers |url=http://www.littlemanthemovie.com/blog/?page_id=71 |access-date=October 13, 2015 |website=Littlemanthemovie.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun kasance tare tun shekarar 1994. A shekara ta 2008, sun karbi ɗa, Cooper Atticus Harris-Jacobsen, sannan  suka yi aure.

== Ayyukan mataki ==

* ''Yesu Kristi Superstar'' (1990) 
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwxA&quot;&gt;Cabaret&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (1992) 
* ''Joseph da Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'' (1994) 
* ''Mai'' (1994) 
* ''Rayuwa'' (1997) 
* Masu gabatarwa (2002) 
* ''SAM.'' (2003)
* The Jazz Singer (1998) (taller) 
* ''Gashi'' (2000) 
* Funny Girl (2002) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Mack &amp;amp;amp; Mabel'' (2003) (gidan wasan kwaikwayo na amfanin) 
* ''Pippin'' (2005) 
* ''Kungiyar Mata ta Farko'' (2009) 
* ''Ham: Tarihin Kiɗa'' (2014-2015) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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        <id>9880</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321885134|Sandra Scoppettone]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sandra Scoppettone''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1936, Morristown, New Jersey)  marubuciya ce ta Amurka wacce aikinta ya kai gwagwalada shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000s. An san ta da asiri da littattafan Matasa.

Ta rubuta ''Suzuki Beane'' a shekarar (1961) tare da mai zane Louise Fitzhugh . 

ya fito ne a matsayin gwagwalada lesbian a cikin shekarun 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hymowech |first=Gena |date=29 June 2006 |title=Sandra Scoppettone: From Trying Hard to Hear You to Too Darn Hot |url=http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605185442/http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=2 October 2011 |publisher=[[AfterEllen.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasanta Home Again, Home Again, Jiggerty Jig ta fito ne daga TOSOSOS, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na gay da lesbian, a cikin shekarar 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2, 1975 |title=New York Times: Arts and Leisure Guide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/02/archives/arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure.html |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinta Happy Endings Are All Alike shekarar (1978) yana ɗaya daga cikin littattafan matasa na farko don nuna dangantakar lesbian; gwagwalada Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amurka ce ta zaɓe shi don jerin &quot;Littattafai Mafi Kyawun Matasa&quot;. Uku daga cikin gwagwalada litattafanta sun kasance masu karshe don Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1992-07-14 |title=4th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1992/07/lambda-literary-awards-1991/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-07-14 |title=6th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1994/07/lambda-literary-awards-1993/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez Cerna |first=Antonio |date=1995-07-15 |title=7th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1995/07/lambda-literary-awards-1994/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

=== Asirin ===

* ''Wani Mutumin da ba a sani ba'' (1977) 
* Irin waɗannan Mutane Masu Kyau (1980) 
* ''Masu kallo marasa laifi'' (1983) 
* ''Kyakkyawan Fushi'' (2004) 
* Wannan Dame don Hire (2005) 
* Ya fi zafi (2006) 

==== Kamar yadda Jack Early ====

* ''Wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa'' (1984) 
* ''Razzamatazz'' (1985) 
* ''Donato &amp; Daughter'' (1988) 

==== Jerin Lauren Laurano ====

* ''Duk abin da kake da shi nawa ne'' (1991) 
* ''Zan Barka Ka Kullum'' (1993) 
* My Sweet Untraceable You (1994) 
* ''Bari mu fuskanci Kiɗa kuma mu mutu'' (1996) 
* Zai ɗauki Tafiyar Kisan kai (1998) 

=== Littattafan matasa ===

* ''Gwada Ji Ka'' (1974) 
* The Late Great Me (1976) 
* ''Ƙarshen Farin Ciki Duk Daidai'' (1978) 
* ''Tsawon Lokaci Tsakanin Kisses'' (1982) 
* ''Yin Kisan kai'' (1985) 

=== Littattafan yara ===

* Bang, Bang, You're Dead (wanda aka rubuta tare da Louise Fitzhugh, il. Fitzhugh) (Harper &amp; Row, 1969) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website}} {{Dead link|date=September 2020}}
* Sandra Scoppettone at the Library of Congress, with 22 library catalog records
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/n83184435 Jack Early] at LC Authorities, with 3 records
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Sandra Scoppettone''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1936, Morristown, New Jersey)  marubuciya ce ta Amurka wacce aikinta ya kai  shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000s. An san ta da asiri da littattafan Matasa.

Ta rubuta ''Suzuki Beane'' a shekarar (1961) tare da mai zane Louise Fitzhugh . 

ya fito ne a matsayin  lesbian a cikin shekarun 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hymowech |first=Gena |date=29 June 2006 |title=Sandra Scoppettone: From Trying Hard to Hear You to Too Darn Hot |url=http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605185442/http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=2 October 2011 |publisher=[[AfterEllen.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasanta Home Again, Home Again, Jiggerty Jig ta fito ne daga TOSOSOS, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na gay da lesbian, a cikin shekarar 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2, 1975 |title=New York Times: Arts and Leisure Guide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/02/archives/arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure.html |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinta Happy Endings Are All Alike shekarar (1978) yana ɗaya daga cikin littattafan matasa na farko don nuna dangantakar lesbian; gwagwalada Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amurka ce ta zaɓe shi don jerin &quot;Littattafai Mafi Kyawun Matasa&quot;. Uku daga cikin  litattafanta sun kasance masu karshe don Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1992-07-14 |title=4th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1992/07/lambda-literary-awards-1991/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-07-14 |title=6th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1994/07/lambda-literary-awards-1993/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez Cerna |first=Antonio |date=1995-07-15 |title=7th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1995/07/lambda-literary-awards-1994/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

=== Asirin ===

* ''Wani Mutumin da ba a sani ba'' (1977) 
* Irin waɗannan Mutane Masu Kyau (1980) 
* ''Masu kallo marasa laifi'' (1983) 
* ''Kyakkyawan Fushi'' (2004) 
* Wannan Dame don Hire (2005) 
* Ya fi zafi (2006) 

==== Kamar yadda Jack Early ====

* ''Wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa'' (1984) 
* ''Razzamatazz'' (1985) 
* ''Donato &amp; Daughter'' (1988) 

==== Jerin Lauren Laurano ====

* ''Duk abin da kake da shi nawa ne'' (1991) 
* ''Zan Barka Ka Kullum'' (1993) 
* My Sweet Untraceable You (1994) 
* ''Bari mu fuskanci Kiɗa kuma mu mutu'' (1996) 
* Zai ɗauki Tafiyar Kisan kai (1998) 

=== Littattafan matasa ===

* ''Gwada Ji Ka'' (1974) 
* The Late Great Me (1976) 
* ''Ƙarshen Farin Ciki Duk Daidai'' (1978) 
* ''Tsawon Lokaci Tsakanin Kisses'' (1982) 
* ''Yin Kisan kai'' (1985) 

=== Littattafan yara ===

* Bang, Bang, You're Dead (wanda aka rubuta tare da Louise Fitzhugh, il. Fitzhugh) (Harper &amp; Row, 1969) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website}} {{Dead link|date=September 2020}}
* Sandra Scoppettone at the Library of Congress, with 22 library catalog records
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/n83184435 Jack Early] at LC Authorities, with 3 records
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Sandra Scoppettone''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1936, Morristown, New Jersey)  marubuciya ce ta Amurka wacce aikinta ya kai  shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000s. An san ta da asiri da littattafan Matasa.

Ta rubuta ''Suzuki Beane'' a shekarar (1961) tare da mai zane Louise Fitzhugh . 

ya fito ne a matsayin  lesbian a cikin shekarun 1970s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hymowech |first=Gena |date=29 June 2006 |title=Sandra Scoppettone: From Trying Hard to Hear You to Too Darn Hot |url=http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605185442/http://www.afterellen.com/archive/ellen/Print/2006/6/scoppettone.html |archive-date=5 June 2009 |access-date=2 October 2011 |publisher=[[AfterEllen.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasanta Home Again, Home Again, Jiggerty Jig ta fito ne daga TOSOSOS, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na gay da lesbian, a cikin shekarar 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2, 1975 |title=New York Times: Arts and Leisure Guide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/02/archives/arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure-guide-arts-and-leisure.html |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafinta Happy Endings Are All Alike shekarar (1978) yana ɗaya daga cikin littattafan matasa na farko don nuna dangantakar lesbian; gwagwalada Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amurka ce ta zaɓe shi don jerin &quot;Littattafai Mafi Kyawun Matasa&quot;. Uku daga cikin  litattafanta sun kasance masu karshe don Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery .   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1992-07-14 |title=4th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1992/07/lambda-literary-awards-1991/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1994-07-14 |title=6th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1994/07/lambda-literary-awards-1993/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez Cerna |first=Antonio |date=1995-07-15 |title=7th Annual Lambda Literary Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/1995/07/lambda-literary-awards-1994/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

=== Asirin ===

* ''Wani Mutumin da ba a sani ba'' (1977) 
* Irin waɗannan Mutane Masu Kyau (1980) 
* ''Masu kallo marasa laifi'' (1983) 
* ''Kyakkyawan Fushi'' (2004) 
* Wannan Dame don Hire (2005) 
* Ya fi zafi (2006) 

==== Kamar yadda Jack Early ====

* ''Wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa'' (1984) 
* ''Razzamatazz'' (1985) 
* ''Donato &amp; Daughter'' (1988) 

==== Jerin Lauren Laurano ====

* ''Duk abin da kake da shi nawa ne'' (1991) 
* ''Zan Barka Ka Kullum'' (1993) 
* My Sweet Untraceable You (1994) 
* ''Bari mu fuskanci Kiɗa kuma mu mutu'' (1996) 
* Zai ɗauki Tafiyar Kisan kai (1998) 

=== Littattafan matasa ===

* ''Gwada Ji Ka'' (1974) 
* The Late Great Me (1976) 
* ''Ƙarshen Farin Ciki Duk Daidai'' (1978) 
* ''Tsawon Lokaci Tsakanin Kisses'' (1982) 
* ''Yin Kisan kai'' (1985) 

=== Littattafan yara ===

* Bang, Bang, You're Dead (wanda aka rubuta tare da Louise Fitzhugh, il. Fitzhugh) (Harper &amp; Row, 1969) 

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
{{Reflist}}

== Haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website}} {{Dead link|date=September 2020}}
* Sandra Scoppettone at the Library of Congress, with 22 library catalog records
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/n83184435 Jack Early] at LC Authorities, with 3 records
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]]</text>
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